内容正文:
重大版 选必4 Unit 1 Culture in names.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
truthful adj. 诚实的
比较级:more truthful;最高级:most truthful
truth n. 真相;truthfully adv. 诚实地
1. be truthful about(对……诚实)2. truthful statement(诚实的陈述)
She is always truthful about her mistakes.(她对自己的错误总是很诚实。)
2
apart adv. 分离地
无比较级/最高级
apart from(除……之外)
1. apart from(除……外)2. set apart(使分离)
The two buildings are 50 meters apart.(这两栋楼相距50米。)
3
plain adj. (用于姓名前)直呼其名的,不带头衔的
比较级:plainer;最高级:plainest
plainly adv. 清楚地;plainness n. 朴素
1. plain name(直呼其名)2. plain clothes(便衣)
He asked us to call him by his plain name.(他让我们直呼他的名字。)
4
baker n. 面包师
名词复数:bakers
bake v. 烘焙;bakery n. 面包店
1. a local baker(当地面包师)2. master baker(面包大师)
The baker makes fresh bread every morning.(这位面包师每天早上都做新鲜面包。)
5
bake vt. 烤;烘焙
过去式/过去分词:baked;名词复数:bakes
baker n. 面包师;bakery n. 面包店
1. bake bread(烤面包)2. bake cookies(烤饼干)
My mom bakes a cake for my birthday every year.(我妈妈每年都为我的生日烤蛋糕。)
6
blacksmith n. 铁匠
名词复数:blacksmiths
无
1. village blacksmith(乡村铁匠)2. blacksmith shop(铁匠铺)
The blacksmith forged a horseshoe for the horse.(铁匠为马打造了一副马蹄铁。)
7
goldsmith n. 金匠
名词复数:goldsmiths
无
1. royal goldsmith(皇家金匠)2. goldsmith's workshop(金匠作坊)
The goldsmith made a beautiful necklace for the queen.(金匠为女王制作了一条漂亮的项链。)
8
silversmith n. 银匠
名词复数:silversmiths
无
1. skilled silversmith(技艺精湛的银匠)2. silversmith craftsmanship(银匠工艺)
The silversmith crafted a silver bowl with patterns.(银匠打造了一个带花纹的银碗。)
9
shorten vt. 缩短
过去式/过去分词:shortened
short adj. 短的;shortening n. 缩短
1. shorten the time(缩短时间)2. shorten a sentence(缩短句子)
We need to shorten the meeting to 30 minutes.(我们需要把会议缩短到30分钟。)
10
lengthen vt. 加长
过去式/过去分词:lengthened
long adj. 长的;length n. 长度
1. lengthen the rope(加长绳子)2. lengthen the winter vacation(延长寒假)
They decided to lengthen the bridge to ease traffic.(他们决定加长这座桥以缓解交通压力。)
11
status n. 地位;身份
名词复数:statuses
无
1. social status(社会地位)2. legal status(法律身份)
His hard work helped him improve his social status.(他的努力工作帮助他提升了社会地位。)
12
surgeon n. 外科医生
名词复数:surgeons
surgery n. 外科手术;surgical adj. 外科的
1. heart surgeon(心脏外科医生)2. perform surgery(做手术)
The famous surgeon successfully saved the patient.(这位著名的外科医生成功救了病人。)
13
beard n. 胡须
名词复数:beards
bearded adj. 留胡须的
1. grow a beard(留胡须)2. trim one's beard(修剪胡须)
My father has a thick black beard.(我爸爸留着浓密的黑胡须。)
14
carpenter n. 木匠
名词复数:carpenters
carpentry n. 木工活;carpentered adj. 木工做的
1. furniture carpenter(家具木匠)2. carpenter's tools(木匠工具)
The carpenter built a wooden table for us.(木匠为我们做了一张木桌。)
15
miller n. 磨坊主
名词复数:millers
mill n. 磨坊;磨粉厂
1. windmill miller(风车磨坊主)2. grain miller(谷物磨坊主)
The miller grinds wheat into flour every day.(磨坊主每天把小麦磨成面粉。)
16
stay the same 保持不变
无词形变化
无
1. stay the same(保持不变)2. remain the same(保持不变)
The price of this product has stayed the same for months.(这款产品的价格几个月来保持不变。)
17
come from 来自
无词形变化
无
1. come from China(来自中国)2. come from a poor family(出身贫寒)
She comes from a small town in the south.(她来自南方的一个小镇。)
18
borrow… from 从……借入
无词形变化
无
1. borrow a book from the library(从图书馆借书)2. borrow money from friends(向朋友借钱)
I borrowed a dictionary from my classmate.(我向同学借了一本词典。)
19
go with 伴随
无词形变化
无
1. go with sb.(和某人一起去)2. go with sth.(与某物相配)
Red wine goes well with steak.(红酒和牛排很配。)
20
tell… apart 区分;辨别
无词形变化
无
1. tell A and B apart(区分A和B)2. hard to tell apart(难以区分)
The twin sisters are so similar that it's hard to tell them apart.(这对双胞胎姐妹太像了,很难区分。)
21
make up 虚构;拼凑
无词形变化
无
1. make up a story(虚构一个故事)2. make up for(弥补)
He made up an excuse for being late.(他为迟到编造了一个借口。)
22
become known as 以……出名
无词形变化
无
1. become known as a poet(以诗人闻名)2. become known as "the City of Lights"(以“光之城”闻名)
The actor became known as a comedy star.(这位演员以喜剧明星的身份出名。)
23
by name 凭名字
无词形变化
无
1. know sb. by name(只知其名)2. call sb. by name(直呼其名)
I know her by name but have never met her.(我知道她的名字,但从未见过她。)
24
be short for ……的简称
无词形变化
无
1. TV is short for television(TV是television的简称)2. USA is short for the United States of America(USA是美利坚合众国的简称)
"Math" is short for "mathematics".(“Math”是“mathematics”的简称。)
25
used to 过去常常
无词形变化
无
1. used to do(过去常常做)2. be used to doing(习惯于做)
She used to live in Beijing when she was young.(她年轻时曾住在北京。)
26
down through the years 随着时间的流逝
无词形变化
无
1. down through the years(多年来)2. pass down through the years(代代相传)
This tradition has been kept down through the years.(这个传统多年来一直被保留着。)
27
patriotic adj. 爱国的
比较级:more patriotic;最高级:most patriotic
patriot n. 爱国者;patriotism n. 爱国主义
1. patriotic feelings(爱国情怀)2. patriotic song(爱国歌曲)
He has a strong patriotic feeling for his country.(他对自己的国家有着强烈的爱国情怀。)
28
patriot n. 爱国者
名词复数:patriots
patriotic adj. 爱国的;patriotism n. 爱国主义
1. national patriot(国家的爱国者)2. loyal patriot(忠诚的爱国者)
The young man is a true patriot who devotes to his country.(这个年轻人是一位忠于国家的真正爱国者。)
29
responsibility n. 责任;职责
名词复数:responsibilities
responsible adj. 负责任的;responsibly adv. 负责任地
1. take responsibility(承担责任)2. family responsibility(家庭责任)
Everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment.(每个人都有保护环境的责任。)
30
weekly n. 周刊 adj. 每周的
名词复数:weeklies;副词无词形变化
week n. 星期;weekly adv. 每周
1. weekly magazine(周刊杂志)2. weekly meeting(周会)
We publish a weekly about campus life.(我们出版一份关于校园生活的周刊。)
31
swallowtail n. 燕尾服
名词复数:swallowtails
无
1. black swallowtail(黑色燕尾服)2. wear a swallowtail(穿燕尾服)
He wore a black swallowtail to the formal party.(他穿了一件黑色燕尾服去参加正式派对。)
32
endear vt. 使受喜爱
过去式/过去分词:endeared
endearing adj. 惹人喜爱的;endearment n. 喜爱
1. endear oneself to sb.(使自己受某人喜爱)2. endear sb. to others(使某人受他人喜爱)
Her kindness endeared her to everyone around her.(她的善良让她深受周围人的喜爱。)
33
in line with 与……一致;与……相符
无词形变化
无
1. in line with the rules(符合规则)2. in line with expectations(符合预期)
His actions are in line with his words.(他言行一致。)
34
congress n. 国会;代表大会
名词复数:congresses
congressional adj. 国会的;congressman n. 国会议员
1. national congress(全国代表大会)2. attend a congress(参加代表大会)
The congress will be held in the capital next month.(全国代表大会将于下月在首都举行。)
35
with care 小心地
无词形变化
无
1. handle with care(小心处理)2. walk with care(小心行走)
Please handle the glass with care to avoid breaking it.(请小心拿放玻璃杯,以免打碎。)
36
odd adj. 古怪的
比较级:odder;最高级:oddest
oddly adv. 古怪地;oddness n. 古怪
1. odd behavior(古怪的行为)2. odd person(古怪的人)
He has some odd habits that no one understands.(他有一些没人理解的古怪习惯。)
37
name… after… 以……命名
无词形变化
无
1. name a child after sb.(以某人的名字给孩子命名)2. name a street after a hero(以英雄的名字命名街道)
The park is named after a famous writer.(这个公园以一位著名作家的名字命名。)
38
respected adj. 受尊敬的
无比较级/最高级
respect v. 尊敬;respectful adj. 恭敬的
1. respected teacher(受尊敬的老师)2. widely respected(广受尊敬的)
The respected professor has made great achievements in science.(这位受尊敬的教授在科学领域取得了巨大成就。)
39
popularity n. 普及;流行
不可数名词
popular adj. 流行的;popularize v. 普及
1. gain popularity(受欢迎;普及)2. popularity of smartphones(智能手机的普及)
The song gained great popularity among young people.(这首歌在年轻人中非常受欢迎。)
40
old-fashioned adj. 过时的
比较级:more old-fashioned;最高级:most old-fashioned
fashion n. 时尚;fashionable adj. 时尚的
1. old-fashioned clothes(过时的衣服)2. old-fashioned ideas(陈旧的观念)
Her grandfather has some old-fashioned views on marriage.(她爷爷对婚姻有一些陈旧的观念。)
41
childish adj. 幼稚的;孩子气的
比较级:more childish;最高级:most childish
child n. 孩子;childishly adv. 幼稚地
1. childish behavior(幼稚的行为)2. childish idea(孩子气的想法)
It's childish to argue over such a small thing.(为这么小的事争吵太幼稚了。)
42
sweetheart n. 爱人;心上人
名词复数:sweethearts
无
1. dear sweetheart(亲爱的爱人)2. childhood sweetheart(青梅竹马)
He sent a bunch of flowers to his sweetheart.(他给心上人送了一束花。)
43
flavour n. 味道;特色
名词复数:flavours;动词过去式/过去分词:flavoured
flavourful adj. 有味道的;flavourless adj. 无味的
1. sweet flavour(甜味)2. local flavour(地方特色)
This dish has a unique flavour that I've never tasted before.(这道菜有一种我从未尝过的独特味道。)
44
basis n. 基础
名词复数:bases
base n. 基础;basic adj. 基本的
1. on the basis of(在……的基础上)2. solid basis(坚实的基础)
We should make decisions on the basis of facts.(我们应该基于事实做决定。)
45
carrier n. 载体
名词复数:carriers
carry v. 携带;carrying n. 携带
1. virus carrier(病毒载体)2. carrier of culture(文化载体)
Language is an important carrier of culture.(语言是文化的重要载体。)
46
religion n. 宗教
名词复数:religions
religious adj. 宗教的;religiously adv. 宗教上
1. world religions(世界宗教)2. freedom of religion(宗教信仰自由)
He has a deep faith in his religion.(他对自己的宗教有着深厚的信仰。)
47
opera n. 剧;歌剧
名词复数:operas
operatic adj. 歌剧的;operalist n. 歌剧演员
1. grand opera(大歌剧)2. watch an opera(看歌剧)
We went to the theater to watch a famous opera.(我们去剧院看了一部著名的歌剧。)
48
originate vi. 发源
过去式/过去分词:originated
origin n. 起源;original adj. 原始的
1. originate from(起源于)2. originate in(发源于)
This custom originated from ancient times.(这个习俗起源于古代。)
49
stylised adj. 风格化的
比较级:more stylised;最高级:most stylised
style n. 风格;stylize v. 使风格化
1. stylised painting(风格化的绘画)2. stylised design(风格化的设计)
The artist created a series of stylised animal paintings.(这位艺术家创作了一系列风格化的动物画作。)
50
characterise vt. 使……具有特点(或引人注目的特征)
过去式/过去分词:characterised
character n. 特征;characteristic adj. 典型的
1. be characterised by(以……为特征)2. characterise sb. as(把某人描述为)
The city is characterised by its ancient buildings.(这座城市以其古建筑为特色。)
51
tragedy n. 悲剧
名词复数:tragedies
tragic adj. 悲剧的;tragically adv. 悲剧地
1. literary tragedy(文学悲剧)2. family tragedy(家庭悲剧)
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's famous tragedies.(《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的著名悲剧之一。)
52
ethical adj. 伦理的;道德的
比较级:more ethical;最高级:most ethical
ethics n. 伦理学;ethically adv. 伦理上
1. ethical issue(伦理问题)2. ethical behavior(道德行为)
Doctors must face many ethical decisions in their work.(医生在工作中必须面对许多伦理决策。)
53
clown n. 小丑
名词复数:clowns;动词过去式/过去分词:clowned
clown v. 扮小丑;clownish adj. 小丑般的
1. circus clown(马戏团小丑)2. play the clown(扮小丑)
The clown made the children laugh with his funny actions.(小丑用滑稽的动作让孩子们笑了起来。)
54
category n. 种类;分类
名词复数:categories
categorise v. 分类;categorical adj. 绝对的
1. different categories(不同种类)2. fall into a category(归入一类)
Books in the library are divided into many categories.(图书馆里的书被分成了许多类别。)
55
fixed adj. 确定的
无比较级/最高级
fix v. 固定;fixedly adv. 固定地
1. fixed time(固定时间)2. fixed plan(既定计划)
We have a fixed time for morning exercises.(我们有固定的晨练时间。)
56
mask n. 面具
名词复数:masks;动词过去式/过去分词:masked
mask v. 戴面具;masked adj. 戴面具的
1. facial mask(面膜)2. Halloween mask(万圣节面具)
She wore a beautiful mask at the costume party.(她在化妆舞会上戴了一个漂亮的面具。)
57
exaggerate vt. 使增大;夸张
过去式/过去分词:exaggerated
exaggeration n. 夸张;exaggerated adj. 夸张的
1. exaggerate the facts(夸大事实)2. exaggerate one's achievements(夸大自己的成就)
He tends to exaggerate his experiences to impress others.(他倾向于夸大自己的经历来给别人留下印象。)
58
exaggeration n. 夸张;夸张的手法
名词复数:exaggerations
exaggerate v. 夸张;exaggerated adj. 夸张的
1. a slight exaggeration(轻微的夸张)2. make an exaggeration(夸张)
His description of the accident was an exaggeration.(他对事故的描述有些夸张。)
59
principal adj. 主要的
比较级:more principal;最高级:most principal;名词复数:principals
principle n. 原则;principally adv. 主要地
1. principal reason(主要原因)2. principal goal(主要目标)
The principal problem is lack of funding.(主要问题是资金短缺。)
60
uprightness n. 正直;诚实
不可数名词
upright adj. 正直的;uprightly adv. 正直地
1. moral uprightness(道德正直)2. uprightness of character(品格正直)
His uprightness earned him the respect of others.(他的正直赢得了别人的尊重。)
61
courageous adj. 有胆量的;勇敢的
比较级:more courageous;最高级:most courageous
courage n. 勇气;courageously adv. 勇敢地
1. courageous act(勇敢的行为)2. courageous decision(勇敢的决定)
She made a courageous decision to save the child.(她做出了一个勇敢的决定去救那个孩子。)
62
enterprising adj. 有事业心的;有进取心的
比较级:more enterprising;最高级:most enterprising
enterprise n. 企业;进取心
1. enterprising young man(有进取心的年轻人)2. enterprising spirit(进取精神)
The enterprising student started his own business while in college.(这位有进取心的学生在大学期间就创业了。)
63
enterprise n. 企业;事业
名词复数:enterprises
enterprising adj. 有进取心的;enterpriser n. 企业家
1. private enterprise(私营企业)2. public enterprise(国有企业)
His family runs a small manufacturing enterprise.(他的家人经营着一家小型制造企业。)
64
numerous adj. 许多的
无比较级/最高级
number n. 数量;numerously adv. 许多地
1. numerous books(许多书)2. numerous opportunities(许多机会)
There are numerous stars in the night sky.(夜空中有无数的星星。)
65
convey vt. 传达;表达
过去式/过去分词:conveyed
conveyance n. 传达;conveyable adj. 可传达的
1. convey meaning(传达意思)2. convey feelings(表达感情)
Poems often convey deep emotions through simple words.(诗歌常常通过简单的文字传达深刻的情感。)
66
celebrated adj. 著名的;有名望的
比较级:more celebrated;最高级:most celebrated
celebrate v. 庆祝;celebration n. 庆祝
1. celebrated writer(著名作家)2. celebrated scenic spot(著名景点)
The celebrated musician gave a concert in our city.(这位著名的音乐家在我们城市举办了一场音乐会。)
67
emerge vi. 出现
过去式/过去分词:emerged
emergence n. 出现;emergent adj. 新兴的
1. emerge from(从……出现)2. emerge as(成为)
A new idea emerged during our discussion.(我们讨论时出现了一个新想法。)
68
acrobatics n. 杂技
无复数(集合名词)
acrobat n. 杂技演员;acrobatic adj. 杂技的
1. circus acrobatics(马戏团杂技)2. acrobatics show(杂技表演)
We watched a wonderful acrobatics show last night.(昨晚我们看了一场精彩的杂技表演。)
69
repertoire n. 保留剧目
名词复数:repertoires
无
1. opera repertoire(歌剧保留剧目)2. dance repertoire(舞蹈保留剧目)
The theater has a rich repertoire of classic plays.(这家剧院有丰富的经典剧目保留节目。)
70
stunt n. 绝技
名词复数:stunts;动词过去式/过去分词:stunted
stuntman n. 特技演员;stuntwoman n. 女特技演员
1. dangerous stunt(危险绝技)2. film stunt(电影特技)
The actor performed his own stunts in the action movie.(这位演员在动作片中亲自完成了自己的特技动作。)
71
farce n. 滑稽剧
名词复数:farces
farcical adj. 滑稽的;farcically adv. 滑稽地
1. stage farce(舞台滑稽剧)2. political farce(政治闹剧)
The play is a funny farce that makes the audience laugh loudly.(这部剧是一部让观众大笑的滑稽剧。)
72
primer n. 初级读本;入门材料
名词复数:primers
prime adj. 主要的;primerly adv. 初步地
1. English primer(英语初级读本)2. math primer(数学入门教材)
This book is a good primer for beginners of Chinese.(这本书是汉语初学者的好入门教材。)
73
dab n. 少量
名词复数:dabs;动词过去式/过去分词:dabbed
dab v. 轻拍;dabber n. 轻拍者
1. a dab of paint(一点颜料)2. a dab of perfume(一点香水)
She put a dab of cream on her face.(她在脸上抹了一点面霜。)
74
cunning adj. 狡猾的
比较级:cunniner;最高级:cunningest;名词复数:cunnings
cunningly adv. 狡猾地;cunningness n. 狡猾
1. cunning fox(狡猾的狐狸)2. cunning plan(狡猾的计划)
The cunning thief stole the money without being noticed.(那个狡猾的小偷偷走了钱,没有被发现。)
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vigorous adj. 精力充沛的
比较级:more vigorous;最高级:most vigorous
vigour n. 精力;vigorously adv. 精力充沛地
1. vigorous exercise(剧烈运动)2. vigorous young man(精力充沛的年轻人)
He keeps a vigorous lifestyle by exercising every day.(他每天锻炼,保持着精力充沛的生活方式。)
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costume n. 剧装;服装
名词复数:costumes
costumed adj. 穿着服装的
1. stage costume(舞台服装)2. traditional costume(传统服装)
The actors wore beautiful costumes in the historical play.(演员们在这部历史剧中穿着漂亮的服装。)
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elaborate adj. 精心制作的
比较级:more elaborate;最高级:most elaborate;动词过去式/过去分词:elaborated
elaborately adv. 精心地;elaboration n. 精心制作
1. elaborate design(精心的设计)2. elaborate party(精心筹备的派对)
She wore an elaborate dress to the wedding.(她穿了一件精心制作的礼服去参加婚礼。)
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refined adj. 精制的;高雅的
比较级:more refined;最高级:most refined
refine v. 精制;提炼;refinement n. 精致
1. refined sugar(精制糖)2. refined taste(高雅的品味)
She has a refined taste in art and music.(她在艺术和音乐方面有高雅的品味。)
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be characterised by ……的特点是
无词形变化
无
1. be characterised by simplicity(以简洁为特点)2. be characterised by kindness(以善良为特点)
The style of this painting is characterised by bright colors.(这幅画的风格以明亮的色彩为特点。)
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divide… into 把……分成
无词形变化
无
1. divide into parts(分成几部分)2. divide into groups(分成小组)
The teacher divided the students into four groups.(老师把学生分成了四个小组。)
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be adapted into 被改编成
无词形变化
无
1. be adapted into a movie(被改编成电影)2. be adapted into a play(被改编成戏剧)
This novel has been adapted into a popular TV series.(这部小说已被改编成一部受欢迎的电视剧。)
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in general 通常;一般而言
无词形变化
无
1. in general(通常)2. generally speaking(一般而言)
In general, students prefer to study in a quiet environment.(通常,学生更喜欢在安静的环境中学习。)
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