专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，四川专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川德阳高中・期末） As we are waiting for the 2028 Games in Los Angeles, we have a chance to think bigger. Why not introduce more contemporary competitions, organize more varied teams and involve more of the world as participants? ●New sports Hundreds of millions of people across the globe now earn their living less with their backs and more with their brains, relying on sharp reasoning and creative thinking. So how about seeing who’s best at that? One idea: a competition such as the solar car challenges popular in many high school and college engineering programs. Mixed-gender teams of tech experts might get a project idea way before the Olympics and then come to compete with other countries on a real Olympic track. It would be a competition that relies on teammates with smarts, skills and creativity. Or how about Olympic chess? Don’t laugh: The International Chess Federation has been pushing the idea for decades. In 1999, the IOC finally recognized chess as an official sport. But the IOC is unwilling to include chess in the Games themselves, even though it is surprisingly physically demanding. ●New teams Since the first modern Olympics in 1896, average life spans have soared. Olympic teams could better reflect these spectacular improvements in longevity and health. What if the Olympics feature relay teams composed of athletes from different generations? The IOC could select a few events—say, the 4×200-meter freestyle swim relay and the 4×400-meter track relay—and give fans a chance to see athletes of all ages. ●New participants Today, more than 7 billion people across the globe own a smart phone. Imagine if the next Olympics let everyone with a smart phone compete for their countries. The IOC could create a “Citizen Participation” app and make it available to everyone in the world. Then from the torch lighting to the Closing Ceremonies, the app would count their steps. And the nations whose citizens accumulated the most steps would win gold, silver and bronze medals in a worldwide competition. 1．What is the author’s suggestion about new sports? A．Adding traditional ball games. B．Holding a solar car challenge. C．Introducing more individual sports. D．Increasing the number of track events. 2．Why does the author mention the “Citizen Participation” app? A．To show the popularity of smart phones. B．To encourage people to do more exercise. C．To explain a new way of Olympic participation. D．To introduce a new function of smart phones. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The IOC is open to all new ideas. B．Chess will definitely be in the 2028 Games. C．The Olympics are trying to keep up with the times. D．New teams are mainly composed of young athletes. Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・四川眉山仁寿铧强中学・期末） As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 4．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 5．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 6．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 7．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・四川成都七中八一学校・期末） According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. What has caused this phenomenon is that we do not have time for art — we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work but most of us rarely, if ever, went to see a live performance, let alone visited a gallery. And reading poetry? Perhaps not since high school. Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake. The arts might be the single most in-depth experience you will ever be given to explore the nature and meaning of life. And if you make time to consume and produce art, you will find your life become fuller and happier. Some philosophers address the problem of life consumed by work and material pursuits. They argue that art provides relief from this routine, expanding our perspective and bringing us closer to true reality.   Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction. 8．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The opinion of U.S. adults about art. B．The types of art that U.S. adults engage with. C．The mismatch between value and behaviour as to art. D．The connection between everyday experiences and art. 9．What is a mistaken idea in the author’s opinion? A．Art reveals the nature of life. B．Art gives way to material pursuits. C．Life without art is meaningless. D．Background music is a kind of art. 10．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．Art awakes people’s talents. B．Art improves physical health. C．Art brings us closer to nature. D．Art makes life fuller and happier. 11．What might be the best title? A．Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury B．Art: A Bridge, Not a Barrier C．Art: A Decoration, Not a Reality D．Art: A Pleasure, Not a Burden Passage 4 （23-24 高二上・四川绵阳中学・期末） There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works. Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information. That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you. It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies. Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed. Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly. 12．What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world? A．Personal health data is used for other purposes. B．Personal health information is difficult to identify. C．Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health. D．Medical personnel protect the personal health information well. 13．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous. 14．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The spread of health service. B．People’s privacy. C．A narrowly targeted approach. D．The explosion of digital technology. 15．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advocate improvement in the privacy law. B．To report cases of illegal information exposure. C．To explain how the digitized health world works. D．To introduce a debate on the effect of technology. Passage 5 （23-24 高二上・四川达州・期末） There is no doubt that artificial intelligence—or AI—has become an important part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of science fiction: it’s an incredible technological breakthrough that has changed the way we live. But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity. This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause (暂停) on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks. Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop communication app Skype, thinks we should be cautious. Also The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organization, says that there should be a temporary pause to control the speed of advanced AI development and that “AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can cause profound risks to society and humans.” This negative view is supported by a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a productivity bonanza. We may argue that AI such as chatbots can help us. State-of-the-art ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And machine learning means computers can learn what to do without being given evident instructions. The technology is impressive, but as it starts to think for itself, will it outsmart us? However, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to “limit the risks” of AI. He says, “Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.” If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future. 16．What is the major fear that AI causes? A．It will change our life completely. B．It will cause many job losses. C．It will be too intelligent to control. D．It will replace many other technologies. 17．What did the technology experts demand? A．Slowing the development of AI. B．Stopping the using of AI. C．Building a not-for-profit organization. D．Helping develop communication app Skype. 18．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “bonanza” in paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Innovation. C．Problem. D．Expense. 19．Why does the author quote Bill Gates’ words? A．To call on joint efforts of government and industries. B．To expect Bill Gates’ company to make the best AIs. C．To encourage more talented people to work with Bill Gates. D．To express an optimistic attitude towards the AI development. Passage 6 （23-24 高二上・四川宜宾・期末） While the remaining 8 teams of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar compete in the quarter-finals, it is worth noting that it is not only soccer that has captured the world’s attention, but also the video assistant referee (VAR) technology. Like it or hate it, the VAR is a part of football games today. Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added unnecessary some complication to the beautiful game, especially this time in Qatar, as a number of controversial (引起争议的) decisions were made involving VAR – it slows down the game, offside law (越位规则) is sometimes not flexible. The introduction of the VAR means at the top-level football now tends to pause and delay with the on-field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those located in offices often far away from the stadiums themselves. Actually, the use of video match officials (VMOs) in football was included in the 2018/2019 edition of the Laws of the Game and was already used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Since then, the system has been used in over 100 competitions worldwide. Despite criticisms, FIFA thought VAR’s first show to be a success, with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3 percent of “match-changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup – “very, very close to perfection”. Without VAR, referees called 95% of incidents correctly. We should admit that sports tech is still far from perfect in the field of sports events. People’s emotions are not towards those technologies themselves, but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology. The controversies in the football field are not caused by VAR alone as there are too many uncertain factors on the court, which is a part of the game drama. For example, the penalty kick (点球) in the penalty area is judged in a variety of situations. 20．What made fans dissatisfied in Qatar? A．The use of VAR technology. B．The results of soccer games. C．The changes of match laws. D．The decisions made by coaches. 21．What does the underlined word “referee” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Viewer. B．Athlete. C．Judge. D．Host. 22．Why did Collina favor the use of VAR? A．It reduces the burden of the referees. B．It has become a part of football games. C．It is widely applied in many fields of sports. D．Its “match-changing” decisions proved more exact. 23．What is probably the best title for the text? A．World Cup 2022 is a turning point B．Is VAR technology ruining football games? C．Should VAR be popularized in the sports world? D．The 2022 World Cup saw the first show of VAR Passage 7 （24-25 高二上・四川资阳・期末） The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity. Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown. With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow. The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability. There are several reasons that affect a person’s self-confidence. The most important reason is lack of success. Not being able to succeed affects one’s self-confidence greatly. This is when one begins to doubt his own ability. In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society. For example, a person who loses his job gives a wide berth to other people for fear of being questioned about his work. However, this isn’t right at all. One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures. After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish. The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease. It’s very important to believe in yourself. Self-belief is the secret to success. When success doesn’t come to you, you should not allow your self-belief to be affected. Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time. So, there is nothing wrong with your ability. Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don’t forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long. Also remember not to compare yourself to others. These tips will do a world of good to your confidence. In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you. Create one and live a life as you want to. Leave others to themselves. 24．According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown? A．The low abilities. B．The lack of security. C．The loss of self-confidence. D．The severe competition in life. 25．What does the underlined phrase “gives a wide berth to” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Introduces something to. B．Holds a birthday party for. C．Makes friends with. D．Keeps away from. 26．What is the function of the first paragraph ? A．To explain the meaning of self-confidence. B．To explain why self-confidence is important. C．To show the main topic – to be self-confident. D．To show the reasons that affect one’s self-confidence. 27．In the author’s opinion, it’s important that one _____. A．should not forget his failures B．should follow others’ advice C．should not lose heart D．should believe life Passage 8 （23-24 高二上・四川内江・期末） ChatGPT, a new chatbot model developed by US-based AI research laboratory OpenAI, has quickly become a hit globally due to its advanced conversational capabilities, It can write emails, computer codes, even academic papers and poems, and has passed a number of tests within seconds. Academicians worldwide are discussing whether AI should be used in education. Some universities have banned it. The New York City’s Department of Education, for example, banned the chatbot from its public school devices and networks, with some people warning that it could encourage more students to cheat, especially in exams. Many more welcome this app, claiming that, like most technological advances and groundbreaking innovations in history, ChatGPT is a powerful tool for the development of higher education. Embracing AI as early as possible is advisable. Higher education institutions should make preparations for including AI in their syllabus (教学大纲). They can start by offering related courses, because by understanding how it works, they can make better use of it. Besides, students with good knowledge of AI are more competitive when it comes to getting a good job, as an increasing number of jobs are being done by computer programmes-some in cooperation with humans, AI-powered education technologies can be adopted to make the learning experience more suitable for each student based on his or her strengths and weaknesses. As for professors, AI can free them from doing some dull tasks so they can concentrate on teaching and interacting with students. Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered applications from entering the field of higher education, we should make collective efforts to ensure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education Despite AI helping make learning much more interesting and enjoyable, humans need to work very hard to win the race with technology. 28．Why do some higher education institutions forbid ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT can write emails and computer codes quickly. B．Some professors might not perform their duties properly. C．Students would have conversations with each other via it. D．Students might seek help from it in completing the exams. 29．What is the author’s attitude towards AI applications in education? A．Fearful. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. 30．How can AI benefit students of higher education? A．It offers students an increasing number of jobs. B．It personalizes students’ learning experience. C．It equips students with competitive skills to cooperate with humans. D．It handles uninteresting tasks so students can better focus on learning. 31．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．We should guard against AI apps. B．AI will be more widely used in education. C．The future of education relies on AI apps. D．Humans will be left behind by technology. Passage 9 （23-24 高二上・四川成都树德中学・期末） When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we're witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can't be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines? At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers' natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing—and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker. Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days. The problem here isn't the technology; rather, it's the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it. 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．The human fears in the age of AI. B．Human experiences were replaced by AI. C．How to take care of the AI machines. D．The relations among work, workers, and jobs. 33．What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage? A．The ones that provide basic benefits. B．The ones that require no economic return. C．Those that don't bring new problems to workers. D．Those that offer chances to progress professionally. 34．How do news media respond to the development of AI? A．Supportive. B．Optimistic. C．Negative. D．Ambiguous. 35．What will the author probably talk about next? A．The proper attitude towards AI. B．The future jobs humans will do. C．The possible application of AI in the future. D．The approaches to handling the issues of AI. Passage 10 （25-26 高二上・四川泸州高级中学校） Time and time again, you hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work or such a simple, uninteresting building. I guess you could say we preservationists look at buildings through a different lens that can see the swan in the ugly duckling. Looking back on the years of dirt and neglect, we’ll realize that it’s our job as preservationists to teach people about the lessons learned from our historic resources. This is no doubt something we can always work harder on. Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town. Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “horrid” piece of architecture and can’t get over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco, where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian1 era. Yes, it was a tragedy (悲剧) that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories? Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but is meant to convey parts of our history. Our history, our collective history. Not just the history of huge events of World War Il or Statehood, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market or how the people lived in the segregated (隔离的) plantation town and ultimately enjoyed a more egalitarian (平等主义的) living. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 36．What can we learn about preservationists from Paragraph 1? A．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones. B．They pay great attention to modern buildings. C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings. D．They focus on the value rather than the appearance. 37．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s pleasing. C．It’s regrettable. D．It’s unbelievable. 38．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down? A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era. B．To make land available for cheap housing. C．To work off the deep anger of the working class. D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era. 39．What might be the best title for the text? A．Are ugly buildings worth preserving? B．Is preservationists’ work meaningless? C．Why do architects make ugly buildings? D．What buildings are of historical value? Passage 11 （23-24 高二上・四川眉山仁寿・期末） Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 40．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that . A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C．bad news attracts people to see positive things D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 41．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events. C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant. 42．How should we view failure according to the passage? A．We will change our behaviour. B．We will keep trying the old method. C．We should learn from failure. D．We should think in a more complicated way. 43．What is the passage mainly about? A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B．It compares negative and positive experiences. C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others. Passage 12 （24-25 高二上・四川成都石室中学・期末） Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit. It’s a little embarrassing to have to admit that accidental deaths are increasing in a world that our ancestors made safer for hundreds of years. Our grandparents saw the invention of the automobile, the bulldozer (推土机) and so on, and they made them all safer. However, nowadays, we put a smartphone on every hand, and now more than 1000 distraction-related crashes happen on our roads every day. Kids and pets die of heatstroke (中暑) inside cars — we are on track to set a new record for hot car deaths in 2021. We may not have to worry about AI, but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability. We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work. It seems that we have superhuman abilities, and consumers seem willing to play along. They drive at a speed of 80 mph with a phone and a cup of coffee, and they are proud of their multitasks. Sure, other people on phones are dangerous, but you can smoothly switch your attention and notice when any emergency occurs, right? When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance. Delayed reactions, complex chain reactions — these are all part of how technology works. But having adapted to a world of new inventions, we are crazy about driver-less cars, seldom stopping to consider what could go wrong later down the road. Worse still, technology is even hacking our feedback system. We get excited when we check our phone while driving. Edith Harbaugh, whose company, Launch Darkly, specializes in the controlled release of new technology into the wild, pointed out that we’re creating a dangerously unbalanced system of actions and rewards: “We are not given ice creams every time we do something safe.” So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today. 44．Why is the warning of tech giants mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To give a definition. B．To highlight their wisdom. C．To offer background information. D．To introduce the topic. 45．Which is NOT the reason why technology is threatening? A．We believe in complex systems blindly. B．We create too many intelligent inventions. C．Our ability cannot keep pace with innovations. D．Technology can’t give us feedback instantly. 46．If the passage continues, what may be talked about? A．The rise of the machines. B．The destruction of the world. C．The measures to deal with the problem. D．The worries about threatening technology. 47．What is the best title for the text? A．Every Coin Has Two Sides B．Technology is Outpacing our ability C．Technology is Killing us D．How Should We Tackle Machines 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川资阳・期末） A good way to study may help your academic results and make the leaning process more enjoyable. For many people, studying with friends is a very effective way to improve your learning outcomes. To find out why, take a look at some of the benefits it offers. Stop Procrastinating Procrastinating can mean that you don’t leave yourself enough time to complete your work. Typically, this means you’ll hand in work at the last minute and not perform at your best. For students, procrastination can be a major barrier to success. When you have a study partner, you’ll keep each other accountable. With regular joint study sessions, for example, you’ll be less likely to put off doing your work and achieve better results because of it. Understanding New Concepts When you’ re learning now material, things can come to a standstill if you don’t understand the concepts or theory behind it. Fortunately, two heads are better than one. When you can share your ideas and understanding with other people, you can help them advance. Similarly, you can benefit from your friends’ knowledge and insight when you’re struggling to understand a new topic or subject. Testing Each Other Tests are an easy and effective way to determine what you know. Of course, it can be difficult to test yourself, and someone who doesn’t know the material might not ask the right questions, which is why a study partner is the perfect person with whom to share tests! Staying Active When you become hopeless, it can be hard to concentrate. Due to this, staying active is essential when it comes to getting the grades you’re capable of and reaching your potential. If you have a study partner, you’ll have his or her encouragement and help to rely on. 1．What docs “Procrastinating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Looking for things. B．Making up stories. C．Putting things off. D．Giving up things. 2．Why is the study partner the best to share tests? A．They spend most time with you. B．They know what to ask you. C．They can encourage you to study. D．They can learn from your mistakes. 3．Who is the text intended for? A．High school students. B．The general public. C．Educational experts. D．College teachers. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川泸县第二中学等校・期末） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川遂宁・期末） STAY HUNGRY STAY FOOLISH I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement. I want to tell you three stories from my life. The first story is about connecting the dots. When I was at Reed College, it offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. I decided to take a calligraphy class. At that time none of what I learned about calligraphy seemed to have even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. Of course it was impossible to connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was twenty. And then at thirty, I got fired. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still love what I did. And so I decided to start over. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, and I returned to Apple. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. So, if you haven’t found what you love, keep looking. Don’t settle. My third story is about death. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “ If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for “prepare to die”. Later it turned out to be curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now. This was the closest I’ve been to facing death. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you: Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalog. On the back cover of the final issue were the words: “Stay hungry. Stay foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin new, I wish that for you. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Thank you all very much. 1．What happened to Steve Jobs when he was at Reed college? A．He shared his three stories with classmates. B．He designed the first Macintosh computer. C．He took a class about producing beautiful writing. D．He made the first computer with beautiful typography. 2．What did he do during the five years after he was fired by Apple? A．He started a company named NeXT. B．He took up his job together with Woz. C．He gave up his career as a computer engineer. D．He gave a commence speech at Stanford University. 3．How was he one year before he made his speech? A．He decided to start over. B．He was diagnosed with cancer. C．He struggled in running the Apple. D．He published the Whole Earth Catalog. 4．What does “Stay hungry. Stay foolish” mean in Job’s speech? A．Make your friends trust you. B．Forget the mistakes of the past. C．Talk health and happiness to people. D．Keep struggling, keep dream-chasing! Passage 2 （23-24 高二上・四川德阳・期末） When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don’t have to do that any more. Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into people’s gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the scene, and soon the event was news all over the country. Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” There is, of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. 5．Why did the car with a camera on the car roof come to Broughton? A．To test whether their GPS works in the village. B．To investigate for a law case for the country. C．To spy on villagers and their life in Broughton. D．To collect information for their online maps. 6．What can be inferred about the incident in Broughton? A．The incident drew people’s attention all over the world. B．The incident made online maps popular among the local residents. C．The local residents were curious about what these people were doing. D．The local residents were upset about their privacy not being respected. 7．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The law should be changed to protect the residents. B．The incident will remain a hot topic for people to discuss. C．The residents accept what the company was doing in their neighborhood. D．The residents can sue (控告) the company for violating their privacy. 8．What can be the best title of the passage? A．A strange car! B．It’s legal, but is it right? C．Say goodbye to paper maps. D．Privacy gives way to technology. Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・四川泸县第四中学・期末） Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 9．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re conservative. C．They’re objective. D．They’re strict. 10．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 11．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck Passage 4 （23-24 高二上・四川遂宁・期末） “Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. So does enough practice literally lead to perfection, or at least to a level of expertise? One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He claimed 10,000 hours of practice to be “the magic number of greatness”. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more effective, albeit more tiring. Despite the theories mentioned above, many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. So what are the other factors that contribute to people becoming experts ? Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. So no matter how much a “normal” person practises, it is very hard for them to be as good as someone who has natural talent or physical superiority and who also practises. And how about other factors that go into creating an expert? Many say IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that becoming an expert doesn't equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time! In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson's research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; ask for others’ opinions; and, of course, get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key—enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 13．What examples did Gladwell use for his claim? A．Many scientific studies. B．His own learning experience. C．Many baseball players in America. D．A music group and the Microsoft co-creator. 14．Why did Ericsson disagree with Gladwell? A．Because he did a scientific studies. B．Because he found deliberate practice less effective. C．Because he agreed with the influence of the natural talent. D．Because he thought the type and quality of practice was also essential. 15．What did a recent study from Princeton University show? A．Practice only accounted for a small share in reaching an expert level. B．Attitude and starting age are decisive factors to become an expert. C．Twenty-six percent of the tested subjects can gain success. D．It is very hard for a “normal” person to be a natural talent. 16．What can be the suitable title for this text? A．A new scientific discovery B．Does practice really make perfect? C．Advantages and disadvantages of making practice D．The more you practice, the more success you will receive. Passage 5 （24-25 高二上・四川眉山仁寿华达综合高中・期末） In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting a return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. 17．By “a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________. A．an essential part of society with irreplaceable functions B．expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society C．an unimportant component of society, though functioning smoothly D．responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations 18．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________. A．they are filled with an overwhelming fear of being unemployed B．they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest C．they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence D．they lack a sense of independence and productivity 19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “submissiveness”? A．caution B．obedience C．commitment D．optimism 20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the production mode of our ancestors. B．To show the problematic situation in society. C．To argue for full development of human potentials. D．To help people escape production and consumption. Passage 6 （23-24 高二上・四川内江・期末） Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly. 21．What does the smile usually mean in America? A．Love. B．Politeness. C．Joy. D．Thankfulness. 22．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ . A．show friendliness to strangers B．be used to hide true feelings C．be used in the wrong places D．show personal habits 23．What should we do before attempting(尝试) to "read" people? A．Learn about their relations with others. B．Understand their cultural backgrounds. C．Find out about their past experience. D．Figure out what they will do next. 24．What would be the best title for the test? A．Cultural Differences B．Smiles and Relationship C．Facial Expressiveness D．Habits and Emotions 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川成都蓉城高中联盟・期末） When my two boys have free time, they want to go to the mall. No, they aren’t shop-a-holics (购物狂). They want to go to gaze at sneakers. These aren’t the sneakers you find in Foot Locker. They are limited editions—usually Nikes—that range in price from $250-$900 or more. There’s the Chunky Dunkys, a collaboration between Nike and ice cream maker Ben and Jerry’s. And the Space Jam Jordans. And dozens of other pairs of shoes, all of which they know by name and all of which are very, very expensive. That made me wonder: How did this sneaker culture develop? After all, when I was a kid, I wanted Jordan brand shoes too. But they cost $100 and I would wear them until they fell apart. Now, my boys long for shoes that cost ten times that and if they got them, they would never even think of scuffing them up by wearing them. It all started during the Industrial Revolution, when the very wealthy began to find they had leisure time on their hands, Elizabeth Semmelhack, who runs the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, told me. “These’ nouveau riche (暴发户)’ industrialists wanted to show that they had arrived. And so, the ancient game of tennis was revived.” explained Semmelhack, “But the problem with lawn tennis—one, the lawns of lawn tennis are extremely expensive, so they didn’t want people to run around in leather shoes. And two, when you play on lawn, you can get your feet wet. So rubber soled shoes, the sneaker, was invented as something that the wealthy could wear as they pursued these wealthy pleasures. Besides, rubber was, at the time, quite expensive, so having shoes with rubber soles was seen as a status symbol.” But for most of us, sneakers were something you wore—not something you collected. With the development of internet, older versions of shoes could be purchased and collected. And sneaker companies, Nike especially, leaned into the trend. 1．What is the Chunky Dunkys? A．It’s a company’s name. B．It’s a kind of ice cream. C．It’s a kind of limited edition sneaker. D．It’s one of the author’s kids’ name. 2．Why did the author mention his experience as a kid? A．To show he was poor when he was a kid. B．To encourage his children to wear cheap shoes. C．To give an example about the development of sneaker culture. D．To show Jordan brand shoes have been popular for a long time. 3．What can we know from Semmelhack’s words? A．Rubber soled shoes could prevent feet from wetting. B．These ‘nouveau riche’ industrialists created lawn tennis. C．Leather shoes were more expensive than rubber soled shoes. D．The very wealthy were busy with their work during Industrial Revolution. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards collecting sneakers? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Favourable. D．Unconcerned. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川广安・期末） As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming. The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature. The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes. In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels. People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now? 1．Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．People’s needs for animal services are decreasing. B．Both the pet number and the pet business are growing. C．Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious. D．Pet foods are more various and customized than before. 2．Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?” A．The names given to pets in American families nowadays. B．Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners. C．Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping. D．Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions. 3．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A．Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters. B．Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets. C．Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world. D．Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Changing Roles of Animals B．The Urge for Pet-keeping C．Who Owns Whom D．Love Me, Love My Dog / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川德阳高中・期末） As we are waiting for the 2028 Games in Los Angeles, we have a chance to think bigger. Why not introduce more contemporary competitions, organize more varied teams and involve more of the world as participants? ●New sports Hundreds of millions of people across the globe now earn their living less with their backs and more with their brains, relying on sharp reasoning and creative thinking. So how about seeing who’s best at that? One idea: a competition such as the solar car challenges popular in many high school and college engineering programs. Mixed-gender teams of tech experts might get a project idea way before the Olympics and then come to compete with other countries on a real Olympic track. It would be a competition that relies on teammates with smarts, skills and creativity. Or how about Olympic chess? Don’t laugh: The International Chess Federation has been pushing the idea for decades. In 1999, the IOC finally recognized chess as an official sport. But the IOC is unwilling to include chess in the Games themselves, even though it is surprisingly physically demanding. ●New teams Since the first modern Olympics in 1896, average life spans have soared. Olympic teams could better reflect these spectacular improvements in longevity and health. What if the Olympics feature relay teams composed of athletes from different generations? The IOC could select a few events—say, the 4×200-meter freestyle swim relay and the 4×400-meter track relay—and give fans a chance to see athletes of all ages. ●New participants Today, more than 7 billion people across the globe own a smart phone. Imagine if the next Olympics let everyone with a smart phone compete for their countries. The IOC could create a “Citizen Participation” app and make it available to everyone in the world. Then from the torch lighting to the Closing Ceremonies, the app would count their steps. And the nations whose citizens accumulated the most steps would win gold, silver and bronze medals in a worldwide competition. 1．What is the author’s suggestion about new sports? A．Adding traditional ball games. B．Holding a solar car challenge. C．Introducing more individual sports. D．Increasing the number of track events. 2．Why does the author mention the “Citizen Participation” app? A．To show the popularity of smart phones. B．To encourage people to do more exercise. C．To explain a new way of Olympic participation. D．To introduce a new function of smart phones. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The IOC is open to all new ideas. B．Chess will definitely be in the 2028 Games. C．The Olympics are trying to keep up with the times. D．New teams are mainly composed of young athletes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕2028年洛杉矶奥运会展开，提出了三个关于奥运会的新想法：引入新的体育项目、组建新的参赛队伍以及吸纳新的参赛者，旨在探讨如何使奥运会更加现代化、多样化和包容性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章New sports部分中的“One idea: a competition such as the solar car challenges popular in many high school and college engineering programs.(有个想法是：举办类似在许多高中和大学工程项目中颇受欢迎的太阳能汽车挑战赛)”可知，作者建议举办像太阳能汽车挑战赛这样的项目作为新体育项目。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Imagine if the next Olympics let everyone with a smart phone compete for their countries. The IOC could create a “Citizen Participation” app and make it available to everyone in the world. Then from the torch lighting to the Closing Ceremonies, the app would count their steps. And the nations whose citizens accumulated the most steps would win gold, silver and bronze medals in a worldwide competition.(想象一下，如果下一届奥运会让每个拥有智能手机的人都能代表自己的国家参赛。国际奥委会可以开发一款“公民参与”应用程序，供全球所有人使用。从火炬点燃到闭幕式，这款应用程序可以记录他们的步数。在这场全球竞赛中，该国公民累计步数最多的国家将分别获得金、银、铜牌)”可知，作者通过设想国际奥委会创建“公民参与”应用程序，让拥有智能手机的人都能参与奥运会，以此来解释一种新的奥运参与方式。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As we are waiting for the 2028 Games in Los Angeles, we have a chance to think bigger. Why not introduce more contemporary competitions, organize more varied teams and involve more of the world as participants?(在我们翘首以盼 2028 年洛杉矶奥运会之际，我们有机会进行更具前瞻性的思考。为何不引入更多现代竞赛项目，组建更多样化的团队，并让世界上更多人参与其中呢？)”可知，奥运会正在考虑引入更多现代比赛、组织更多样化的队伍和吸引更多世界各地的参与者。由此推知，奥运会正在尝试与时俱进，努力跟上时代的步伐。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・四川眉山仁寿铧强中学・期末） As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 4．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 5．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 6．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 7．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”专家们想知道，互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆，以及如何改变我们的记忆？这是本文的中心话题。因此推断，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。故选A。 5． 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知第一组没有试着记住信息。故选C。 6． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。故选D。 7． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・四川成都七中八一学校・期末） According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind. What has caused this phenomenon is that we do not have time for art — we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work but most of us rarely, if ever, went to see a live performance, let alone visited a gallery. And reading poetry? Perhaps not since high school. Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake. The arts might be the single most in-depth experience you will ever be given to explore the nature and meaning of life. And if you make time to consume and produce art, you will find your life become fuller and happier. Some philosophers address the problem of life consumed by work and material pursuits. They argue that art provides relief from this routine, expanding our perspective and bringing us closer to true reality.   Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air. If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction. 8．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The opinion of U.S. adults about art. B．The types of art that U.S. adults engage with. C．The mismatch between value and behaviour as to art. D．The connection between everyday experiences and art. 9．What is a mistaken idea in the author’s opinion? A．Art reveals the nature of life. B．Art gives way to material pursuits. C．Life without art is meaningless. D．Background music is a kind of art. 10．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．Art awakes people’s talents. B．Art improves physical health. C．Art brings us closer to nature. D．Art makes life fuller and happier. 11．What might be the best title? A．Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury B．Art: A Bridge, Not a Barrier C．Art: A Decoration, Not a Reality D．Art: A Pleasure, Not a Burden 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们没有时间参与艺术这种现象以及艺术的重要性，艺术应该是一种生活中的必需品而不是奢侈品。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to Americans for the Arts, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say that the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” Still, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent visited an art museum; six percent attended a literary event. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.(根据美国艺术协会的说法，超过三分之二的美国成年人说艺术“让我超越了日常经历”。尽管如此，2017年只有30%的人参加了任何类型的音乐会；23%的人参观了艺术博物馆；6%的人参加了文学活动。只有不到一半的人积极创作艺术)”可知，第一段主要讲的是就艺术而言，价值观和行为之间的不匹配。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Too often, we let the realities of life get in the way of the arts, which can feel insignificant by comparison. But this is a mistake.(很多时候，我们让现实生活阻碍了艺术，相比之下，艺术显得微不足道。但这是一个错误)”可知，艺术让位于物质追求是错误的想法。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or recall your fast heartbeats as you stared at a delicate lifelike sculpture. Chances are that it probably stimulated (刺激) a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(想想当你听到一段音乐想哭的时候。或者回忆起当你盯着一个精致的栩栩如生的雕塑时你的心跳。很有可能是它刺激了突然的觉醒，就像呼吸了烟雾弥漫的空气后，肺部吸入纯氧后的休克一样)”可推知，作者在第5段想表达的是艺术使生活更充实、更快乐。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If you are among those who feel that art is “pure pleasure to experience and participate in,” you might see it the same way you see eating out, or skydiving: as a luxury (奢侈品) item in your limited budgets of time and money. As such, it probably gets the same sort of treatment as any minor hobby. Don’t make this error. Treat art more like exercise or sleep: a necessity for a life full of deep satisfaction.(如果你是那些认为艺术是“体验和参与的纯粹乐趣”的人中的一员，你可能会像在外面吃饭或跳伞一样看待它：在你有限的时间和金钱预算中，它是一种奢侈品。因此，它可能会像其他小爱好一样受到同样的对待。不要犯这种错误。把艺术看作是锻炼或睡眠：是充满深刻满足感的生活的必需品)”可知，文章主要论述了人们没有时间参与艺术这种现象以及艺术的重要性，艺术应该是一种生活中的必需品而不是奢侈品。由此可知，A选项“Art: A Habit, Not a Luxury(艺术：一种习惯，而不是奢侈品)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24 高二上・四川绵阳中学・期末） There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works. Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information. That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you. It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies. Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed. Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly. 12．What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world? A．Personal health data is used for other purposes. B．Personal health information is difficult to identify. C．Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health. D．Medical personnel protect the personal health information well. 13．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous. 14．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The spread of health service. B．People’s privacy. C．A narrowly targeted approach. D．The explosion of digital technology. 15．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advocate improvement in the privacy law. B．To report cases of illegal information exposure. C．To explain how the digitized health world works. D．To introduce a debate on the effect of technology. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述，分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象，并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.(相反，我们有一个滥用的生态系统，在这个生态系统中，医疗技术公司在很大程度上违反了要求医生和其他医务人员、医院和保险公司保护个人健康信息的法律)”以及第三段“That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.(这意味着科技公司可以——也确实做到了——挖掘你的数字数据，寻找你健康状况的线索，获取你购买的处方和你可能寻求的其他健康服务等信息，并可能将这些信息与你的姓名、地址、电子邮件地址和其他个人身份信息联系起来。然后，这些数据可以被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信)”可知，现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护，反而这些数据被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.(这是来自隐私法的健康隐私保护的一个巨大漏洞，隐私法保护患者，医疗专业人员和保险公司之间的互动，但在大多数情况下，不保护记录在新技术上的患者健康数据)”可知，作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知，他对现行隐私法是批评的。故选B。 14．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.(在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效)”以及划线单词上文“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”可推测，划线词it指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.(因此，立法者必须采取行动，保护那些出于个人、职业和其他原因上网的人的隐私。在此之前，保护健康隐私的针对性较窄的方法在政治上可能更容易生效。数字医疗技术的爆炸式增长及其使用在过去几年中急剧增加，对它提出了极大的要求)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题，特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性，并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞，保护个人隐私。由此推知，文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法，以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。故选A。 Passage 5 （23-24 高二上・四川达州・期末） There is no doubt that artificial intelligence—or AI—has become an important part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of science fiction: it’s an incredible technological breakthrough that has changed the way we live. But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity. This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause (暂停) on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks. Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop communication app Skype, thinks we should be cautious. Also The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organization, says that there should be a temporary pause to control the speed of advanced AI development and that “AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can cause profound risks to society and humans.” This negative view is supported by a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a productivity bonanza. We may argue that AI such as chatbots can help us. State-of-the-art ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And machine learning means computers can learn what to do without being given evident instructions. The technology is impressive, but as it starts to think for itself, will it outsmart us? However, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to “limit the risks” of AI. He says, “Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.” If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future. 16．What is the major fear that AI causes? A．It will change our life completely. B．It will cause many job losses. C．It will be too intelligent to control. D．It will replace many other technologies. 17．What did the technology experts demand? A．Slowing the development of AI. B．Stopping the using of AI. C．Building a not-for-profit organization. D．Helping develop communication app Skype. 18．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “bonanza” in paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Innovation. C．Problem. D．Expense. 19．Why does the author quote Bill Gates’ words? A．To call on joint efforts of government and industries. B．To expect Bill Gates’ company to make the best AIs. C．To encourage more talented people to work with Bill Gates. D．To express an optimistic attitude towards the AI development. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．A 19．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。人工智能已经成为人们生活中的重要部分，但有人担心人工智能太过聪明并且会威胁人类。针对这个话题，本文讲述了持有消极态度和积极态度的两种不同观点。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity.(但也有人担心，人工智能已经变得过于智能，可能对人类构成威胁。)”可知，人工智能造成的主要担忧是它会变得太过聪明以至于难以控制。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause(暂停) on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks.(这一说法听起来可能有些极端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·马斯克在内的1000多名技术专家签署了一封信，呼吁全世界暂停开发更先进的人工智能，因为存在风险。)”可知，技术专家们要求减缓人工智能的开发进程。故选A。 18．词义猜测题。根据and前的“new jobs”可知，人工智能可以带来新的工作，再结合画线词前的productivity可知，这里应是说人工智能可以促进生产力提升，bonanza与increase(增长)意思最接近。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to ‘limit the risks’ of AI.(然而，微软创始人比尔·盖茨呼吁各国政府与工业界合作‘限制人工智能的风险’。)”可知，比尔·盖茨呼吁主动限制人工智能的风险，而不是像第二段中提到的技术专家们呼吁暂停开发AI，再结合他的话“Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.(正如世界需要最聪明的人专注于最大的问题一样，我们也需要让世界上最好的人工智能专注于最大问题。)”可推测出，引述比尔·盖茨的话是为了表达对AI发展的乐观态度。故选D。 Passage 6 （23-24 高二上・四川宜宾・期末） While the remaining 8 teams of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar compete in the quarter-finals, it is worth noting that it is not only soccer that has captured the world’s attention, but also the video assistant referee (VAR) technology. Like it or hate it, the VAR is a part of football games today. Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added unnecessary some complication to the beautiful game, especially this time in Qatar, as a number of controversial (引起争议的) decisions were made involving VAR – it slows down the game, offside law (越位规则) is sometimes not flexible. The introduction of the VAR means at the top-level football now tends to pause and delay with the on-field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those located in offices often far away from the stadiums themselves. Actually, the use of video match officials (VMOs) in football was included in the 2018/2019 edition of the Laws of the Game and was already used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Since then, the system has been used in over 100 competitions worldwide. Despite criticisms, FIFA thought VAR’s first show to be a success, with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3 percent of “match-changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup – “very, very close to perfection”. Without VAR, referees called 95% of incidents correctly. We should admit that sports tech is still far from perfect in the field of sports events. People’s emotions are not towards those technologies themselves, but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology. The controversies in the football field are not caused by VAR alone as there are too many uncertain factors on the court, which is a part of the game drama. For example, the penalty kick (点球) in the penalty area is judged in a variety of situations. 20．What made fans dissatisfied in Qatar? A．The use of VAR technology. B．The results of soccer games. C．The changes of match laws. D．The decisions made by coaches. 21．What does the underlined word “referee” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Viewer. B．Athlete. C．Judge. D．Host. 22．Why did Collina favor the use of VAR? A．It reduces the burden of the referees. B．It has become a part of football games. C．It is widely applied in many fields of sports. D．Its “match-changing” decisions proved more exact. 23．What is probably the best title for the text? A．World Cup 2022 is a turning point B．Is VAR technology ruining football games? C．Should VAR be popularized in the sports world? D．The 2022 World Cup saw the first show of VAR 【答案】20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 【解析】本文是议论文。视频助理裁判技术已经成为当今足球比赛的一部分，但是也备受质疑：它是否让比赛变得更精彩，或者是否让精彩的比赛变得更加复杂了呢？ 20．细节理解题。根据第三段“especially this time in Qatar, as a number of controversial (引起争议的) decisions were made involving VAR – it slows down the game, offside law(越位规则) is sometimes not flexible.”(尤其是这次在卡塔尔，由于VAR做出了许多有争议的决定——这会减慢比赛速度，越位法有时并不灵活。)可知，VAR作出的一些裁判决策让本应精彩的球赛增加了一些不必要的复杂性，从而引发球迷不满。故选A项。 21．词义猜测题。根据第四段“The introduction of the VAR means at the top-level football now tends to pause and delay with the on-field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those located in offices often far away from the stadiums themselves.”(VAR的引入意味着顶级足球现在往往会暂停和拖延，场上referee经常等待那些位于办公室的人做出决定，而办公室往往远离体育场。)可知，在VAR引入球场后，判罚需根据回放视频才能决定。所以赛场上的裁判经常需要等待办公室的人根据回放视频向其提供信息而从作出判罚决定。所以referee意为“裁判”。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据第六段“Despite criticisms, FIFA thought VAR’s first show to be a success, with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3 percent of “match-changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup – “very, very close to perfection”. Without VAR, referees called 95% of incidents correctly.”(尽管受到批评，国际足联认为VAR的首秀是成功的，裁判委员会主席Pierluigi Collina声称，世界杯上99.3%的“改变比赛”的判罚是正确的——“非常、非常接近完美”。在没有VAR的情况下，裁判正确判罚了95%的赛事。)可知，世界杯上99. 3%的“改变比赛”的判罚被认为是正确的判罚，而在没有视频助理裁判的情况下，裁判判罚的正确率为95%。所以VAR被证实判罚准确率更高，所以Collina才会支持VAR。故选D项。 23．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Like it or hate it, the VAR is a part of football games today.”(不管你喜不喜欢，VAR是当今足球比赛的一部分。)可知，VAR虽然存在争议，但在当今足球比赛中广泛使用。第三段第一句“Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added unnecessary some complication to the beautiful game”(许多足球迷质疑这个系统是让比赛变得更好，还是给这场漂亮的比赛增加了不必要的复杂性)。可知，VAR技术是存在争议的，很多球迷质疑VAR技术，持不满态度。第六段Collina称VAR技术判罚的准确率更高，持支持态度。由此可知这篇文章主要讲述VAR这一技术现在存在争议，对于是否能促进比赛的精彩还是会毁坏一场比赛仍然处于争议，不同的人有不同的看法。B项“Is VAR technology ruining football games?(VAR技术正在破坏足球比赛吗?)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 7 （24-25 高二上・四川资阳・期末） The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity. Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown. With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow. The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability. There are several reasons that affect a person’s self-confidence. The most important reason is lack of success. Not being able to succeed affects one’s self-confidence greatly. This is when one begins to doubt his own ability. In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society. For example, a person who loses his job gives a wide berth to other people for fear of being questioned about his work. However, this isn’t right at all. One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures. After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish. The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease. It’s very important to believe in yourself. Self-belief is the secret to success. When success doesn’t come to you, you should not allow your self-belief to be affected. Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time. So, there is nothing wrong with your ability. Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don’t forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long. Also remember not to compare yourself to others. These tips will do a world of good to your confidence. In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you. Create one and live a life as you want to. Leave others to themselves. 24．According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown? A．The low abilities. B．The lack of security. C．The loss of self-confidence. D．The severe competition in life. 25．What does the underlined phrase “gives a wide berth to” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Introduces something to. B．Holds a birthday party for. C．Makes friends with. D．Keeps away from. 26．What is the function of the first paragraph ? A．To explain the meaning of self-confidence. B．To explain why self-confidence is important. C．To show the main topic – to be self-confident. D．To show the reasons that affect one’s self-confidence. 27．In the author’s opinion, it’s important that one _____. A．should not forget his failures B．should follow others’ advice C．should not lose heart D．should believe life 【答案】24．D 25．D 26．C 27．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。当今人们的社会压力大，自信心差，因为总是不能成功，不要和别人比，要相信自己的能力，要有正确的生活方式。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown.(生活的竞争变得如此激烈，以至于我们不时被对未知的恐惧所打击)”可知，生活中激烈的竞争导致人们对未知世界的恐惧，故选D项。 25．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“a person who loses his job gives a wide berth to other people for fear of being questioned about his work.(一个丢了工作的人会对别人gives a wide berth，因为他担心别人会质疑他的工作)”是对前面的例证，一个人自信心差是因为社会的认可度低，例如一个人失业了，就会担心别人问他工作的问题而躲避人。由此猜测，gives a wide berth意为“远离他人”。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity. Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown. With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow. The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.(今天困扰我们所有人的最普遍的问题是对不安全感的恐惧。生活的竞争变得如此激烈，以至于我们不时被对未知的恐惧所打击。每发生一次新的变化，我们的自信心都会受到打击。今天每个人面临的最大挑战是不要对自己的能力失去信心)”结合下文对造成失去自信的原因的讨论以及如何建立自信推知，所以第一段是引出话题——要自信。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is very important to believe in yourself. Self belief is the secret to success.(相信自己是非常重要的。自信是成功的秘诀)”推知，作者认为在失败时不要灰心丧气。故选C项。 Passage 8 （23-24 高二上・四川内江・期末） ChatGPT, a new chatbot model developed by US-based AI research laboratory OpenAI, has quickly become a hit globally due to its advanced conversational capabilities, It can write emails, computer codes, even academic papers and poems, and has passed a number of tests within seconds. Academicians worldwide are discussing whether AI should be used in education. Some universities have banned it. The New York City’s Department of Education, for example, banned the chatbot from its public school devices and networks, with some people warning that it could encourage more students to cheat, especially in exams. Many more welcome this app, claiming that, like most technological advances and groundbreaking innovations in history, ChatGPT is a powerful tool for the development of higher education. Embracing AI as early as possible is advisable. Higher education institutions should make preparations for including AI in their syllabus (教学大纲). They can start by offering related courses, because by understanding how it works, they can make better use of it. Besides, students with good knowledge of AI are more competitive when it comes to getting a good job, as an increasing number of jobs are being done by computer programmes-some in cooperation with humans, AI-powered education technologies can be adopted to make the learning experience more suitable for each student based on his or her strengths and weaknesses. As for professors, AI can free them from doing some dull tasks so they can concentrate on teaching and interacting with students. Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered applications from entering the field of higher education, we should make collective efforts to ensure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education Despite AI helping make learning much more interesting and enjoyable, humans need to work very hard to win the race with technology. 28．Why do some higher education institutions forbid ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT can write emails and computer codes quickly. B．Some professors might not perform their duties properly. C．Students would have conversations with each other via it. D．Students might seek help from it in completing the exams. 29．What is the author’s attitude towards AI applications in education? A．Fearful. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. 30．How can AI benefit students of higher education? A．It offers students an increasing number of jobs. B．It personalizes students’ learning experience. C．It equips students with competitive skills to cooperate with humans. D．It handles uninteresting tasks so students can better focus on learning. 31．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．We should guard against AI apps. B．AI will be more widely used in education. C．The future of education relies on AI apps. D．Humans will be left behind by technology. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍的是人们就ChatGPT是否应该应用于教育之中进行讨论，作者认为人类应该与时俱进，确保人工智能发挥积极作用。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The New York City’s Department of Education, for example, banned the chatbot from its public school devices and networks, with some people warning that it could encourage more students to cheat, especially in exams.(例如，纽约市教育部禁止该聊天机器人进入其公立学校的设备和网络，一些人警告说，这可能会鼓励更多学生作弊，尤其是在考试中)”可知，该一些高等教育机构禁止ChatGPT，因为学生可能会在考试中寻求帮助。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Embracing AI as early as possible is advisable.(建议尽早拥抱人工智能)”和最后一段中的“Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered applications from entering the field of higher education, we should make collective efforts to ensure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education.(既然我们无法避免ChatGPT和其他人工智能应用进入高等教育领域，我们应该共同努力，确保它们对社会和教育的未来产生积极影响)”可推知，作者支持人工智能在高校教育中的运用。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“AI-powered education technologies can be adopted to make the learning experience more suitable for each student based on his or her strengths and weaknesses.(可以采用人工智能教育技术，根据每个学生的优势和劣势，使学习体验更适合每个学生)”可知，人工智能能够根据学生个人情况定制学习体验。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered applications from entering the field of higher education, we should make collective efforts to ensure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education. Despite AI helping make learning much more interesting and enjoyable, humans need to work very hard to win the race with technology.(既然我们无法避免ChatGPT和其他人工智能应用进入高等教育领域，我们应该共同努力，确保它们对社会和教育的未来产生积极影响。尽管人工智能有助于使学习变得更有趣、更愉快，但人类需要非常努力地工作才能赢得与技术的竞争)”可推知，我们不能避免人工智能进入高校教育，要与时俱进，确保人工智能发挥积极作用。故选B项。 Passage 9 （23-24 高二上・四川成都树德中学・期末） When it comes to work, workers, and jobs, much of the concern of the modern age boils down to the fear that we're witnessing the final stage of the game, and that there will be nowhere for humans to withdraw as machines take over the last few tasks. The most recent example comes from the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Is there no area of human experience that can't be replaced by AI? And if not, what is left for humans to do except the tasks involved in taking care of the machines? At the heart of this concern is our desire for good jobs — jobs that make the most of workers' natural abilities and where the work provides the worker with motivation and work-life balance. More importantly, good jobs support workers in learning by doing—and, in so doing, deliver benefits on three levels: to the worker, who gains in personal development and job satisfaction; to the organization, which reforms as staff find new problems to solve and opportunities to pursue; and to the community as a whole, which harvests the economic benefits of hosting positive organizations and workers. This is what makes good jobs productive for the organization, as well as engaging and fulfilling for the worker. Does the ongoing advance of AI threaten to get rid of all the learning, creativity, and meaning that make a job a good job? Certainly, some have blamed technology for just such an outcome. Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions. Some fear that further technology advancement in the workplace will result in jobs where employees are being asked to work in split times or for longer periods over more days. The problem here isn't the technology; rather, it's the way the technology is used — and, more than that, the way people think about using it. 32．What is the passage mainly about? A．The human fears in the age of AI. B．Human experiences were replaced by AI. C．How to take care of the AI machines. D．The relations among work, workers, and jobs. 33．What jobs are supposed to be good according to the passage? A．The ones that provide basic benefits. B．The ones that require no economic return. C．Those that don't bring new problems to workers. D．Those that offer chances to progress professionally. 34．How do news media respond to the development of AI? A．Supportive. B．Optimistic. C．Negative. D．Ambiguous. 35．What will the author probably talk about next? A．The proper attitude towards AI. B．The future jobs humans will do. C．The possible application of AI in the future. D．The approaches to handling the issues of AI. 【答案】32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A 【解析】这是一篇议论文，主题语境是人与科技。文章介绍了人类对人工智能发展的前景的担忧以及作者认为我们该持有的态度。 32．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了人类对AI发展的担忧，故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段对好工作的描述可知选D。 34．观点态度题。根据第三段中的Headlines today often express concern over technological innovation(革新) resulting in bad jobs for humans, or even the complete disappearance of certain professions.可知，媒体对AI的发展持消极的态度，故选C。 35．推理判断题。由最后一段的内容可判断出，接下来说的应是如何正确对待AI，故选A。 Passage 10 （25-26 高二上・四川泸州高级中学校） Time and time again, you hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work or such a simple, uninteresting building. I guess you could say we preservationists look at buildings through a different lens that can see the swan in the ugly duckling. Looking back on the years of dirt and neglect, we’ll realize that it’s our job as preservationists to teach people about the lessons learned from our historic resources. This is no doubt something we can always work harder on. Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town. Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “horrid” piece of architecture and can’t get over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco, where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian1 era. Yes, it was a tragedy (悲剧) that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories? Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but is meant to convey parts of our history. Our history, our collective history. Not just the history of huge events of World War Il or Statehood, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market or how the people lived in the segregated (隔离的) plantation town and ultimately enjoyed a more egalitarian (平等主义的) living. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 36．What can we learn about preservationists from Paragraph 1? A．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones. B．They pay great attention to modern buildings. C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings. D．They focus on the value rather than the appearance. 37．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s pleasing. C．It’s regrettable. D．It’s unbelievable. 38．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down? A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era. B．To make land available for cheap housing. C．To work off the deep anger of the working class. D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era. 39．What might be the best title for the text? A．Are ugly buildings worth preserving? B．Is preservationists’ work meaningless? C．Why do architects make ugly buildings? D．What buildings are of historical value? 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．B 39．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉读者为什么丑陋的建筑值得保存。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I guess you could say we preservationists look at buildings through a different lens that can see the swan in the ugly duckling. Looking back on the years of dirt and neglect, we’ll realize that it’s our job as preservationists to teach people about the lessons learned from our historic resources.(我认为你可以说，我们保护主义者通过不同的镜头看建筑，可以看到丑小鸭中的天鹅。回顾这尘封和被忽视的岁月，我们会意识到，作为保护主义者，我们的工作是让人们从我们的历史资源中吸取教训)”可知，保护主义者关注的是建筑的价值而不是外观。故选D项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town.(不幸的是，2011年，遮阳板被拆除，使得这座建筑看起来像城里的许多当代建筑)”可知，作者拆除艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板是遗憾地的事情。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yes, it was a tragedy (悲剧) that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class.(是的，这是一个悲剧，许多人没有欣赏维多利亚时代的建筑，让许多在几十年前被拆除，但这些损失也讲述了另一个重要的故事。它讲述了20世纪50年代和60年代的故事，当时人们希望建立一个更平等的社会，为工人阶级提供廉价的住房)”可知，旧金山很多维多利亚时代的建筑被拆除，是为了腾出土地为工人阶级建造廉价住房。故选B项。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出问题“why anyone would want to keep an ‘ugly’ building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work or such a simple, uninteresting building.(为什么会有人想要保留一个“丑陋”的建筑，或者一个很脏很明显需要修缮的建筑，或者一个如此简单，无趣的建筑)”，最后一段给出答案“Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but is meant to convey parts of our history.(保护不仅仅是保持漂亮、保存完好的建筑，而是要传达我们的历史)”，由此推知，“丑陋的建筑值得保存吗?”是文章的主题，也是最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 11 （23-24 高二上・四川眉山仁寿・期末） Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 40．The author mentioned bad news in order to show that . A．bad news makes people see things in a negative light B．bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C．bad news attracts people to see positive things D．bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 41．What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A．Unstable emotions. B．Important events. C．Amazing incidents . D．Something unpleasant. 42．How should we view failure according to the passage? A．We will change our behaviour. B．We will keep trying the old method. C．We should learn from failure. D．We should think in a more complicated way. 43．What is the passage mainly about? A．It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B．It compares negative and positive experiences. C．It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D．It discusses how negative experiences affect others. 【答案】40．B 41．D 42．C 43．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们面对不好的事情不应该沮丧或放弃，而是应该把这当作学习的机会。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light.(事实是，消极的东西比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，这是因为人们很容易从消极的角度看待事物。)”可知，作者提到坏消息是为了说明坏消息更容易吸引人们的眼球。故选B。 41．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well(你周围也有很多很棒的东西)”和even though可知，此处是指即使有很多让人不愉快的事情，所以nasty stuff意为“让人不愉快的事情”。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据第八段第三句到第六句“However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out.(然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。)”可知，我们应该从失败中学习。故选C。 43．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.(不过，在你的处境中，有几件事你可能没有注意到。下次你沮丧的时候，也许下面的建议会给你动力。)”，第三段第一句“Firstly, not everything is bad(首先，并非所有事情都是坏的)”，最后一句“However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.(然而，这不应该分散你对大局的关注。)”和最后一段“Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.(现在，你是成年人了。你正在尝试的事情比5岁的你要复杂得多。然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。只有失败者才会放弃，而你肯定不是那种人。)”可知，文章主要是为了激励我们从消极的经历中学习。故选A。 Passage 12 （24-25 高二上・四川成都石室中学・期末） Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit. It’s a little embarrassing to have to admit that accidental deaths are increasing in a world that our ancestors made safer for hundreds of years. Our grandparents saw the invention of the automobile, the bulldozer (推土机) and so on, and they made them all safer. However, nowadays, we put a smartphone on every hand, and now more than 1000 distraction-related crashes happen on our roads every day. Kids and pets die of heatstroke (中暑) inside cars — we are on track to set a new record for hot car deaths in 2021. We may not have to worry about AI, but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability. We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work. It seems that we have superhuman abilities, and consumers seem willing to play along. They drive at a speed of 80 mph with a phone and a cup of coffee, and they are proud of their multitasks. Sure, other people on phones are dangerous, but you can smoothly switch your attention and notice when any emergency occurs, right? When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance. Delayed reactions, complex chain reactions — these are all part of how technology works. But having adapted to a world of new inventions, we are crazy about driver-less cars, seldom stopping to consider what could go wrong later down the road. Worse still, technology is even hacking our feedback system. We get excited when we check our phone while driving. Edith Harbaugh, whose company, Launch Darkly, specializes in the controlled release of new technology into the wild, pointed out that we’re creating a dangerously unbalanced system of actions and rewards: “We are not given ice creams every time we do something safe.” So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today. 44．Why is the warning of tech giants mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To give a definition. B．To highlight their wisdom. C．To offer background information. D．To introduce the topic. 45．Which is NOT the reason why technology is threatening? A．We believe in complex systems blindly. B．We create too many intelligent inventions. C．Our ability cannot keep pace with innovations. D．Technology can’t give us feedback instantly. 46．If the passage continues, what may be talked about? A．The rise of the machines. B．The destruction of the world. C．The measures to deal with the problem. D．The worries about threatening technology. 47．What is the best title for the text? A．Every Coin Has Two Sides B．Technology is Outpacing our ability C．Technology is Killing us D．How Should We Tackle Machines 【答案】44．D 45．B 46．C 47．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技发展带来的潜在危险，特别是由于人们对科技的过度信任和依赖，可能导致意外事故的发生。阐述了科技发展与人类安全之间的关系，并呼吁人们需要学会在现有科技环境下生存，以应对未来可能出现的风险。 44．推理判断题。根据第一段“Musk, Hawking, Gates — the tech giants have redoubled their warnings about how we could destroy ourselves with technology. But they’re not talking about deliberately pushing buttons to trigger disaster. They mean accidentally killing ourselves with something that we invent for our benefit.(马斯克、霍金、盖茨——这些科技巨头们一再强烈警告，我们可能会如何因技术而自我毁灭。但他们所说的并不是故意按下按钮引发灾难，而是指我们可能会因为发明出来旨在造福自己的东西而意外地害死自己。)”提到马斯克、霍金、盖茨等科技巨头对人类可能因技术而自我毁灭的警告，指出不是故意引发灾难，而是因本为造福自己而发明的东西意外害死自己。而接下来的段落围绕现代技术带来的意外危险展开论述，如智能手机使用导致的交通事故、人们对复杂系统的盲目信任以及技术对反馈系统的干扰等。所以第一段提到科技巨头的警告是为了引出话题。故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We may not have to worry about AI, but our innovations are quietly outpacing our ability.(我们或许不必担心人工智能，但我们的创新正悄然超越我们的驾驭能力。)”可知，我们的创新正悄然超越我们的能力，这意味着我们无法很好地应对和利用这些创新，从而使技术具有威胁性，选项C是原因之一；根据文章第三段“We place blind trust in complex systems that reveal little about how they work.(我们盲目信任那些几乎不透露其工作原理的复杂系统。)”可知，我们盲目信任那些几乎不透露其工作原理的复杂系统，这使得技术具有威胁性，选项A是原因之一；根据文章第四段“When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the consequences of our missteps at a distance.(在过去，当我们对某种情况判断失误时，我们会立即得到反馈。但技术却可能会让我们错误行为的后果在一段时间后才显现出来。)”可知，过去我们判断失误能立即得到反馈，但技术会让我们错误行为的后果延迟显现，即技术不能立即给予我们反馈，这也是技术具有威胁性的一个原因，选项D是原因之一。只有选项B未提及。故选B。 46．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So it is too late to worry about threatening technology, which is upon us. The modern world is breaking everything we know about staying safe. If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn to survive the things we have today.(所以，现在才担心威胁性的技术已经为时过晚，因为这些技术已经来到我们身边。现代世界正在打破我们所熟知的一切保障安全的方法。如果我们希望在机器不断发展的情况下继续生存下去，我们就需要学会如何在我们如今拥有的这些东西的环境中生存。)”可推测，文章接下来很可能会具体讨论如何在这样的技术环境中生存，也就是针对前面提到的问题，提出相应的解决措施。故选C。 47．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇通过科技巨头的警告指出人类可能因技术意外害死自己，接着具体阐述了现代技术带来的意外危险，如智能手机导致的交通事故、对复杂系统的盲目信任、技术反馈延迟等，这些都表明技术正以意外的方式威胁着人类的安全。选项C“Technology is Killing us(技术正在杀死我们)”准确地表达了文章的核心观点，即技术虽然是为了造福人类而发明的，但却意外地对人类造成了致命的威胁，符合文章内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川资阳・期末） A good way to study may help your academic results and make the leaning process more enjoyable. For many people, studying with friends is a very effective way to improve your learning outcomes. To find out why, take a look at some of the benefits it offers. Stop Procrastinating Procrastinating can mean that you don’t leave yourself enough time to complete your work. Typically, this means you’ll hand in work at the last minute and not perform at your best. For students, procrastination can be a major barrier to success. When you have a study partner, you’ll keep each other accountable. With regular joint study sessions, for example, you’ll be less likely to put off doing your work and achieve better results because of it. Understanding New Concepts When you’ re learning now material, things can come to a standstill if you don’t understand the concepts or theory behind it. Fortunately, two heads are better than one. When you can share your ideas and understanding with other people, you can help them advance. Similarly, you can benefit from your friends’ knowledge and insight when you’re struggling to understand a new topic or subject. Testing Each Other Tests are an easy and effective way to determine what you know. Of course, it can be difficult to test yourself, and someone who doesn’t know the material might not ask the right questions, which is why a study partner is the perfect person with whom to share tests! Staying Active When you become hopeless, it can be hard to concentrate. Due to this, staying active is essential when it comes to getting the grades you’re capable of and reaching your potential. If you have a study partner, you’ll have his or her encouragement and help to rely on. 1．What docs “Procrastinating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Looking for things. B．Making up stories. C．Putting things off. D．Giving up things. 2．Why is the study partner the best to share tests? A．They spend most time with you. B．They know what to ask you. C．They can encourage you to study. D．They can learn from your mistakes. 3．Who is the text intended for? A．High school students. B．The general public. C．Educational experts. D．College teachers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为一个好的学习方法可以帮助人们学习，使学习过程更愉快。文章从几个方面详细的进行了论证。 1．词义猜测题。根据小标题Stop Procrastinating下面段落中的“can mean that you don’t leave yourself enough time to complete your work. Typically, this means you’ll hand in work at the last minute and not perform at your best.(可能意味着你没有给自己留出足够的时间来完成你的工作。通常情况下，这意味着你会在最后一刻交工作，而不是表现出最佳状态。)”可知第二段中的“Procrastinating”的意思是“拖延”。 A. Looking forthings.寻找东西；B. Making up stories.编故事； C. Putting things off.拖延；D.Giving up things.放弃东西。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据原文小标题TestingEachOther下面段落中的“Of course, it can be difficult to test yourself, and someone who doesn’t know the material might not ask the right questions, which is why a study partner is the perfect person with whom to share tests!(当然，测试自己可能很困难，不了解材料的人可能不会问正确的问题，这就是为什么研究伙伴是分享测试的完美人选！)”可知学习伙伴是分享测试的最佳人选，是因为他们知道该问你什么。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据原文根据原文小标题Stop Procrastinating下面段落中的“For students, procrastination can be a major barrier to success.(对于学生来说，拖延可能是成功的主要障碍。)”可知这篇课文是给高中生看的。 A. High school students.高中生；B. The general public.公众；C.Educational experts.教育专家；D.College teachers.大学教师。故选A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川泸县第二中学等校・期末） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章对比了纸质书籍和电子阅读器在环境保护方面的优劣，指出阅读方式的选择对环境的影响并非一成不变，取决于个人的阅读习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books.(根据Words Rated 2023年的报告，纸质书出版是第三大温室气体排放源，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐用于制作书籍纸张)”可知，该报告指出纸质书出版对环境不友好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“：But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage.(但数字设备也伴随着巨大的碳足迹，主要集中在生产阶段)”可知，数字设备对环境影响最大的是其生产过程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器并在上面阅读很多书，那么这是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你经常阅读，选择电子阅读器是更环保的，因此选项A“读很多书”是正确的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice?(说到阅读，人们有不同的偏好。有些人会选择纸质书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。还有一些人会选择电子阅读器，也许是在手机上，因为它们很方便。但哪个是更环保的选择？)”可知，文章围绕纸质书和电子书哪个更环保的问题展开论述，所以最适合的标题是“纸质书还是电子阅读器，哪个对环境更好”。故选D。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川遂宁・期末） STAY HUNGRY STAY FOOLISH I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement. I want to tell you three stories from my life. The first story is about connecting the dots. When I was at Reed College, it offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. I decided to take a calligraphy class. At that time none of what I learned about calligraphy seemed to have even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. Of course it was impossible to connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was twenty. And then at thirty, I got fired. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still love what I did. And so I decided to start over. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, and I returned to Apple. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. So, if you haven’t found what you love, keep looking. Don’t settle. My third story is about death. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “ If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for “prepare to die”. Later it turned out to be curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now. This was the closest I’ve been to facing death. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you: Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalog. On the back cover of the final issue were the words: “Stay hungry. Stay foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin new, I wish that for you. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Thank you all very much. 1．What happened to Steve Jobs when he was at Reed college? A．He shared his three stories with classmates. B．He designed the first Macintosh computer. C．He took a class about producing beautiful writing. D．He made the first computer with beautiful typography. 2．What did he do during the five years after he was fired by Apple? A．He started a company named NeXT. B．He took up his job together with Woz. C．He gave up his career as a computer engineer. D．He gave a commence speech at Stanford University. 3．How was he one year before he made his speech? A．He decided to start over. B．He was diagnosed with cancer. C．He struggled in running the Apple. D．He published the Whole Earth Catalog. 4．What does “Stay hungry. Stay foolish” mean in Job’s speech? A．Make your friends trust you. B．Forget the mistakes of the past. C．Talk health and happiness to people. D．Keep struggling, keep dream-chasing! 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议。是一篇毕业典礼上的演讲辞，Steve Jobs通过讲述他人生中的三个故事的，来激励年轻人努力追求梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I was at Reed College, it offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. I decided to take a calligraphy class（当我在Reed大学时，学校提供了全国最好的书法课程，于是我决定去上这个书法课）”可知，Steve Jobs在大学时，曾上过书法课，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“And then at thirty, I got fired. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT（30岁那年，我被解雇了。在接下来的5年里，我创办了NeXT公司）”可知，他被苹果公司解雇的五年内，他创办了NeXT公司，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer（大约一年前，我被诊断出癌症）”可知，Steve Jobs在演讲的一年前，被诊断出癌症，故选B。 4．推理判断题。结合文章第二段“So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future（所以你必须相信，现在的点点滴滴都会以某种方式联系到你的未来）”、第三段“So, if you haven’t found what you love, keep looking（因此，如果你还没找到你喜欢做的事，那么请继续找下去）”以及第四段“I can now say this to you: Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life（我现在可以告诉你：你的时间是有限的，因此不要把时间浪费在别人的生活里）”可知，Steve Jobs借用自己人生中的三个故事来激励他们不要浪费时间，要一直追寻梦想并努力实现梦想，所以文章最后他给学生们的寄语“Stay hungry. Stay foolish.”也表达了同样的意思，继续奋斗，继续追梦! 故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24 高二上・四川德阳・期末） When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don’t have to do that any more. Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into people’s gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the scene, and soon the event was news all over the country. Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” There is, of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. 5．Why did the car with a camera on the car roof come to Broughton? A．To test whether their GPS works in the village. B．To investigate for a law case for the country. C．To spy on villagers and their life in Broughton. D．To collect information for their online maps. 6．What can be inferred about the incident in Broughton? A．The incident drew people’s attention all over the world. B．The incident made online maps popular among the local residents. C．The local residents were curious about what these people were doing. D．The local residents were upset about their privacy not being respected. 7．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The law should be changed to protect the residents. B．The incident will remain a hot topic for people to discuss. C．The residents accept what the company was doing in their neighborhood. D．The residents can sue (控告) the company for violating their privacy. 8．What can be the best title of the passage? A．A strange car! B．It’s legal, but is it right? C．Say goodbye to paper maps. D．Privacy gives way to technology. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就一些在线公司为了互联网上一些被人们需要的信息不分地点和场合的收集信息，给当地人们带来了困扰，并对这种行为是否合法展开了讨论。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. (也许吧，但有些人认为一些网络公司做得太过分了，因为他们一直在派出车顶上装有摄影设备的汽车，拍摄这个国家的每一条街道和每一栋房子。)”和文章第四段“Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. (当然，有问题的网络公司声称它只是在收集互联网上人们想要的信息。)”可知，车顶装有摄像头的汽车来到布劳顿为他们的在线地图收集信息。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” (但布劳顿的居民却有不同的感受。“在这个国家，我们曾经有隐私。现在公司甚至不问就来给我们的房子拍照。”一位居民说。“这是不对的。我们不能让这种事发生。我们不能失去私下生活的权利。”)”可推知，当地居民对他们的隐私没有得到尊重感到不安。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. (这个问题不会很快消失。)”可知，这一事件仍将是人们讨论的热门话题。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There is , of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the villagers cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? (当然，没有法律禁止人们给房子拍照，所以居民们不能上法庭。但是很多人都在问的问题：“好的，这是合法的，或者不是？”)”可知，文章主要就一些在线公司为了互联网上一些被人们需要的信息不分地点和场合的收集信息，给当地人们带来了困扰，并对这种行为是否合法展开了讨论。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24 高二上・四川泸县第四中学・期末） Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 9．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re conservative. C．They’re objective. D．They’re strict. 10．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 11．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝。)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现。)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （23-24 高二上・四川遂宁・期末） “Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. So does enough practice literally lead to perfection, or at least to a level of expertise? One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He claimed 10,000 hours of practice to be “the magic number of greatness”. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more effective, albeit more tiring. Despite the theories mentioned above, many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. So what are the other factors that contribute to people becoming experts ? Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. So no matter how much a “normal” person practises, it is very hard for them to be as good as someone who has natural talent or physical superiority and who also practises. And how about other factors that go into creating an expert? Many say IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that becoming an expert doesn't equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time! In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson's research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; ask for others’ opinions; and, of course, get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key—enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 13．What examples did Gladwell use for his claim? A．Many scientific studies. B．His own learning experience. C．Many baseball players in America. D．A music group and the Microsoft co-creator. 14．Why did Ericsson disagree with Gladwell? A．Because he did a scientific studies. B．Because he found deliberate practice less effective. C．Because he agreed with the influence of the natural talent. D．Because he thought the type and quality of practice was also essential. 15．What did a recent study from Princeton University show? A．Practice only accounted for a small share in reaching an expert level. B．Attitude and starting age are decisive factors to become an expert. C．Twenty-six percent of the tested subjects can gain success. D．It is very hard for a “normal” person to be a natural talent. 16．What can be the suitable title for this text? A．A new scientific discovery B．Does practice really make perfect? C．Advantages and disadvantages of making practice D．The more you practice, the more success you will receive. 【答案】13．D 14．D 15．A 16．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.”（他举了披头士乐队和微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨的例子。尽管他们似乎都很有天赋，但他们显然也在成功之前花了1万多小时的练习）可知，Gladwell以乐队和微软联合创始人为例子论证他的1万小时理论。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential.”（Ericsson表示，仅仅大量练习是不够的；练习的类型和质量也至关重要。）可知，Gladwell认为练习的时长重要，但Ericssion认为练习的类型和质量也很重要。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level.”（事实上，普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，练习只占达到专家水平因素的26%。）可知，一个人能否在某个方面达到专家水平，练习只占很小的一部分。故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“So does enough practice literally lead to perfection, or at least to a level of expertise?”（足够的练习真的能达到完美吗？或者至少能达到专长的水平）和最后一段“In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement.”（练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。）可知，文章在探讨练习是否能至完美。所以短文的最佳标题为“熟真的能生巧”。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25 高二上・四川眉山仁寿华达综合高中・期末） In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting a return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. 17．By “a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________. A．an essential part of society with irreplaceable functions B．expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society C．an unimportant component of society, though functioning smoothly D．responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations 18．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________. A．they are filled with an overwhelming fear of being unemployed B．they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest C．they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence D．they lack a sense of independence and productivity 19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “submissiveness”? A．caution B．obedience C．commitment D．optimism 20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the production mode of our ancestors. B．To show the problematic situation in society. C．To argue for full development of human potentials. D．To help people escape production and consumption. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中工人、雇员以及社会阶层较高者的焦虑和不满情绪，呼吁转变社会制度，充分开发人类潜能，使生产和消费成为实现人的全面发展的手段。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it.(总的来说，社会正在变成一个由官僚管理层管理的巨型企业，在这个企业中，人变成了机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮。给齿轮“加油”是通过更高的工资、设备精良的工厂和管弦乐，以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家完成的)”和“In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.(事实上，蓝领工人和白领工人已经成为经济的傀儡，随着自动化机器和官僚管理的曲调起舞)”可推知，作者认为人只是机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮，是经济的傀儡，受到自动化机器和官僚管理的支配，虽然运行平稳，但并不重要。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.(事实上，他们感到绝望是因为他们从来没有作为情感和智力上独立的和有生产力的人去面对人类生存的基本现实)”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们缺乏独立意识和生产力。故选D。 19．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.(当他们申请第一份工作时，他们接受智力测试，以及是否能把submissiveness和独立正确地结合起来的测试)”中“tested for”可知，句中谈论的是对应聘者的相关测试。结合划线词前“the right mixture...”和其后“independence”可推知，submissiveness与independence(独立)是应聘者需要兼有的两种 特质，应聘者在两者之间需要找到平衡点。结合选项可推知，submissiveness与obedience同义，意为“服从”，与independence(独立)意思相对。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.(我建议将社会制度从以最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义转变为以人及其潜能——所有爱和理性的潜能——的充分发展为社会安排目标的人道主义工业主义。生产和消费应该作为达到这一目的的手段，而不应该支配人)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是主张充分开发人类潜能。故选C项。 Passage 6 （23-24 高二上・四川内江・期末） Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly. 21．What does the smile usually mean in America? A．Love. B．Politeness. C．Joy. D．Thankfulness. 22．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ . A．show friendliness to strangers B．be used to hide true feelings C．be used in the wrong places D．show personal habits 23．What should we do before attempting(尝试) to "read" people? A．Learn about their relations with others. B．Understand their cultural backgrounds. C．Find out about their past experience. D．Figure out what they will do next. 24．What would be the best title for the test? A．Cultural Differences B．Smiles and Relationship C．Facial Expressiveness D．Habits and Emotions 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．B 24．C 【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了面部表情取决于情景和人们之间的关系。文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同。 21．C 细节理解题：根据文章第一段中的“in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure”可知，在美国文化中，一般地说，微笑是快乐的表情。此处joy是pleasure的同义词。故选C。 22．B 细节理解题：根据文章第一段中的“It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.”可知这是一个中心句，其后用例证法阐述：微笑能隐藏真正的感情。它常常导致跨文化间的困惑。其中越南人讲故事的例子就是为了说明这一观点。故选B。 23．B推理判断题：根据文章最后一段中的“The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.”可知，我们在“读”人们的表情的时候，要现理解他们的文化背景，否则，就会出错，故选B。 24．C标题判断题：文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同，面部表情是文章的主旨，故选C。 【名师点睛】主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。同时，主题词关键词也是非常重要的，有时候可以直接看出答案。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。 考点：考查文化类阅读 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川成都蓉城高中联盟・期末） When my two boys have free time, they want to go to the mall. No, they aren’t shop-a-holics (购物狂). They want to go to gaze at sneakers. These aren’t the sneakers you find in Foot Locker. They are limited editions—usually Nikes—that range in price from $250-$900 or more. There’s the Chunky Dunkys, a collaboration between Nike and ice cream maker Ben and Jerry’s. And the Space Jam Jordans. And dozens of other pairs of shoes, all of which they know by name and all of which are very, very expensive. That made me wonder: How did this sneaker culture develop? After all, when I was a kid, I wanted Jordan brand shoes too. But they cost $100 and I would wear them until they fell apart. Now, my boys long for shoes that cost ten times that and if they got them, they would never even think of scuffing them up by wearing them. It all started during the Industrial Revolution, when the very wealthy began to find they had leisure time on their hands, Elizabeth Semmelhack, who runs the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, told me. “These’ nouveau riche (暴发户)’ industrialists wanted to show that they had arrived. And so, the ancient game of tennis was revived.” explained Semmelhack, “But the problem with lawn tennis—one, the lawns of lawn tennis are extremely expensive, so they didn’t want people to run around in leather shoes. And two, when you play on lawn, you can get your feet wet. So rubber soled shoes, the sneaker, was invented as something that the wealthy could wear as they pursued these wealthy pleasures. Besides, rubber was, at the time, quite expensive, so having shoes with rubber soles was seen as a status symbol.” But for most of us, sneakers were something you wore—not something you collected. With the development of internet, older versions of shoes could be purchased and collected. And sneaker companies, Nike especially, leaned into the trend. 1．What is the Chunky Dunkys? A．It’s a company’s name. B．It’s a kind of ice cream. C．It’s a kind of limited edition sneaker. D．It’s one of the author’s kids’ name. 2．Why did the author mention his experience as a kid? A．To show he was poor when he was a kid. B．To encourage his children to wear cheap shoes. C．To give an example about the development of sneaker culture. D．To show Jordan brand shoes have been popular for a long time. 3．What can we know from Semmelhack’s words? A．Rubber soled shoes could prevent feet from wetting. B．These ‘nouveau riche’ industrialists created lawn tennis. C．Leather shoes were more expensive than rubber soled shoes. D．The very wealthy were busy with their work during Industrial Revolution. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards collecting sneakers? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Favourable. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了作者对收集运动鞋的观点和看法，认为运动鞋是你穿的东西，而不是你收集的东西。随着互联网的发展，旧版本的鞋子可以购买和收集。而运动鞋公司，尤其是耐克，也顺应了这一潮流。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They are limited editions—usually Nikes—that range in price from $250-$900 or more. There’s the Chunky Dunkys, a collaboration between Nike and ice cream maker Ben and Jerry’s.”（它们是限量版——通常是耐克鞋——价格从250美元到900美元不等，甚至更多。比如耐克(Nike)和冰淇淋制造商本杰瑞(Ben and Jerry’s)合作推出的Chunky Dunkys。）可知，Chunky Dunkys是一种限量版的运动鞋。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“That made me wonder: How did this sneaker culture develop? After all, when I was a kid, I wanted Jordan brand shoes too.  But they cost $100 and I would wear them until they fell apart.  ”（这让我想知道：这种运动鞋文化是如何发展起来的？毕竟，当我还是个孩子的时候，我也想要乔丹品牌的鞋子。但它们要花100美元，我会一直穿到它们散架为止。）故可推知，作者提到他小时候的经历是为了举一个运动鞋文化发展的例子。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And two, when you play on lawn, you can get your feet wet. So rubber soled shoes, the sneaker, was invented as something that the wealthy could wear as they pursued these wealthy pleasures.”（第二，当你在草坪上玩的时候，你会把脚弄湿。所以橡胶底鞋，也就是运动鞋，被发明出来作为富人在追求这些富有的乐趣时可以穿的东西。）可知，从Semmelhack的话中我们能知道胶底鞋可以防止脚湿。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But for most of us, sneakers were something you wore-not something you collected.”（但对我们大多数人来说，运动鞋是你穿的东西，而不是你收集的东西。）故可推知，作者对收集运动鞋的态度是批评的。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高二上・四川广安・期末） As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming. The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature. The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes. In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels. People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now? 1．Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．People’s needs for animal services are decreasing. B．Both the pet number and the pet business are growing. C．Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious. D．Pet foods are more various and customized than before. 2．Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?” A．The names given to pets in American families nowadays. B．Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners. C．Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping. D．Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions. 3．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A．Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters. B．Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets. C．Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world. D．Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Changing Roles of Animals B．The Urge for Pet-keeping C．Who Owns Whom D．Love Me, Love My Dog 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”——宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成——在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。 【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $