Unit 3 课后拓展阅读小页2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

题目详解 (Comprehension Questions): 1. 答案: B. Differences between friends can be a good thing. 详解: 段落主旨题。第二段的核心论点是朋友间的差异可以使友谊更牢固、更有趣（"These differences can actually make your friendship stronger and more interesting."）。选项B准确地概括了此意。 2. 答案: B. change 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第三段："They don't try to change you."（他们不会试图改变你。）问题问的是"不"做什么，因此B选项正确。 3. 答案: C. Can be trusted to do what they say. 详解: 词义理解题。答案对应第三段对"reliable"的解释："if they say they will do something, they do it."（如果他们说了会做某事，他们就一定会做。）选项C（可以被信赖去做他们说过的事）是此意的同义转述。 4. 答案: B. Give them space or ask kindly if they're okay. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第四段："a good friend gives them space or asks if they're okay without being pushy." 选项B是原文信息的直接复现。 5. 答案: B. They make both people feel valued and supported. 详解: 主旨推理题。答案对应文章最后一句话："the best friendships are those where both people feel valued and supported."（最好的友谊是让两个人都感到被重视和支持的友谊。）选项B是此句的完美概括。 课文翻译 什么是好朋友？ 我们都想拥有好朋友，但你是否曾想过，什么能使你成为一个好朋友？友谊不仅仅是找到一个喜欢和你相同音乐或游戏的人。它通常关乎你们如何对待彼此，尤其是在你们有差异的时候。 想想你的朋友们。他们都和你一模一样吗？可能不是。也许一个朋友非常外向，喜欢聚会，而另一个则比较内向，更喜欢安静的谈话。这些差异实际上可以让你们的友谊更牢固、更有趣。 好朋友是那个尊重你本来样子的人。他们不会试图改变你。当你有问题时他们会倾听，当好事发生时他们会为你高兴。他们很可靠——如果他们说了会做某事，他们就一定会做。他们对你也很诚实，但方式很友善。 做一个好朋友也意味着善解人意。每个人都有不顺心的日子。如果你的朋友看起来安静或沮丧，一个好朋友会给他们空间，或者不过分逼迫地询问他们是否还好。 请记住，最好的友谊是让两个人都感到被重视和支持的友谊。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3时文阅读全能训练一 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Identical Twins: A Special Kind of Similarity Pre-reading Question: Do you think identical twins must have the same personality? Why or why not? The Twin Connection: More Than Just Looks Have you ever met identical twins? They come from the same fertilized egg, sharing almost the same DNA. This is why they often look exactly the same, from their hair and eye color to their height and smile. It can be very difficult for others to tell them apart. However, looks can be deceiving. While they may be identical on the outside, their inner worlds can be quite different. Personality isn't only written in our genes. Growing up, twins might have different friends, like different hobbies, or develop different skills. One twin might be more outgoing and love being the center of attention, while the other might be quieter and prefer reading a book alone. One might be a talented artist, and the other might be a great soccer player. Their environment and personal experiences play a huge role in shaping who they are. Imagine one twin wins a singing competition; this might make her more confident. The other twin might try harder in sports to create her own identity. They often *compare* themselves to each other, which can make their differences even clearer. So, the next time you meet identical twins, remember that their similarity is only skin-deep. Getting to know them as individuals, not just as a "twin," is the key to discovering their unique personalities. (Adapted from an article on TeensHealth.org) Core Vocabulary 1. Identical (adj.): 完全相同的，一模一样的 2. DNA (n.): 脱氧核糖核酸（携带遗传信息的物质） 3. To tell (someone/something) apart (phr. v.): 区分，辨别 4. Deceiving (adj.): 欺骗性的，误导的 5. Personality (n.): 个性，性格 6. Genes / (n.): 基因 7. Outgoing (adj.): 外向的 8. Environment (n.): 环境 9. Identity (n.): 身份；个性 10.Compare (v.): 比较 11.Similarity (n.): 相似性 12.Individual (n.): 个人，个体 Comprehension Questions 1.According to Paragraph 1, why do identical twins look so similar? A. They have the same hobbies. B. They share almost the same DNA. C. They like to wear the same clothes. 2.What does the phrase "looks can be deceiving" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. What you see is always true. B. Something is not what it appears to be. C. It's easy to tell twins apart. 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that shapes a twin's personality? A. DNA and genes. B. Personal experiences and environment. C. School teachers and homework. 4.How might twins become more different from each other, according to Paragraph 3? A. By always doing everything together. B. By comparing themselves and trying to build their own identities. C. By wearing different colored clothes. 5.What is the writer's main purpose in this article? A. To explain why twins are exactly the same. B. To encourage people to see twins as unique individuals. C. To tell a funny story about twin brothers. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 答案详解 1.答案: B. Competition and fighting between brothers and sisters. 详解: 细节题。答案直接对应文中对"sibling rivalry"的定义："competition and fighting between brothers and sisters"。选项B是原文的精确复现。 2.答案: B. Competing for parents' attention. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第二段开头："Often, it's because siblings are competing for attention from parents..." 选项B是此句的核心内容。 3.答案: A. They can be your first best friends. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第三段描述好处部分："They can be your first best friends." 选项A是原文的直接引用。 4.答案: D. Arguing until you win. 详解: 细节判断题。题目问"哪一项不是建议的方法"。文章明确列出了三个建议：寻找共同兴趣、学会妥协、互相支持。选项D"争吵直到你赢"与建议中的"学会妥协"相矛盾，且文中从未提及，因此是正确答案。 5.答案: B. Because they will likely be in your life the longest. 详解: 细节题。答案对应文章最后一句话："your siblings are the people who will likely be in your life the longest." 选项B是此句的同义转述。 课文翻译 理解你的兄弟姐妹：从竞争到友谊 你是否曾觉得你和你的兄弟姐妹来自不同的星球？一分钟前你们还在一起笑，下一分钟就开始争吵。这完全正常。手足竞争——兄弟姊妹之间的竞争和打斗——在许多家庭中都很常见。 为什么会发生这种情况？通常是因为兄弟姐妹在竞争父母的关注，或者他们觉得事情不公平。也许你认为你的兄弟因为成绩好得到了更多表扬，或者你的姐妹比你晚睡。这些感觉会导致嫉妒和争吵。 但拥有兄弟姐妹也有很大的好处。他们可能是你最早的好朋友。他们非常了解你的家庭。随着年龄增长，许多人发现他们与兄弟姐妹的关系变得更加牢固和支持。 现在如何改善你与兄弟姐妹的关系？试试这些建议： 1.寻找共同兴趣。你们都喜欢同一款电子游戏或运动吗？ 2.学会妥协。你不可能总是按自己的方式来。 3.互相支持。表现出忠诚可以建立更牢固的联系。 记住，你的兄弟姐妹很可能是你生命中陪伴最久的人。投资这些关系是值得的！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3时文阅读全能训练三 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Understanding Personalities Read the following passage adapted from a youth development website. Introverts and Extroverts: What's the Difference? Have you ever noticed how some people seem to get energy from being in a big group, while others feel tired after too much socializing? This is often because of their personality type. Psychologists often talk about introverts and extroverts. Extroverts are people who get energy from being around other people. They usually enjoy social events, meeting new people, and being in lively atmospheres. They often think out loud and are comfortable being the center of attention. Introverts, on the other hand, get their energy from spending time alone or in quiet settings. After a lot of social interaction, they often need time by themselves to "recharge." This doesn't mean they are shy or don't like people. They can enjoy deep conversations with close friends but might find large parties draining. Most people are not purely one or the other; they fall somewhere in the middle, which is called an ambivert. Understanding these differences can help us be more considerate towards others. If your friend is an introvert, don't be offended if they need a break from a noisy party. If they're an extrovert, they might love it if you invite them to a big gathering! Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main difference between introverts and extroverts mentioned in the passage? A. Their level of intelligence. B. Where they get their energy from. C. The color of their clothes. D. The food they like to eat. 2. According to the passage, how might an introvert feel after a large party? A. Energetic and excited. B. Tired and needing quiet time. C. Angry and upset. D. Sick and needing medicine. 3. What does the word "draining" mean in this context? A. Making someone feel full of energy. B. Making someone feel tired and empty. C. Making someone feel happy and joyful. D. Making someone feel confused and lost. 4. What is an "ambivert"? A. Someone who is purely an introvert. B. Someone who is purely an extrovert. C. Someone who falls in the middle of the introvert-extrovert spectrum. D. Someone who doesn't have a personality. 5. Why is it helpful to understand these personality types? A. So we can label everyone correctly. B. So we can be more considerate towards others' social needs. C. So we can choose our friends based only on their type. D. So we can change our own personality. Core Vocabulary personality(n.) 性格 introverts (n.)内向者 extroverts (n.)外向者 draining (adj.)令人精疲力竭的 ambivert (n.)中向性格者 considerate (adj.)体贴的 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题目详解 1. 答案: B. Where they get their energy from. 详解: 细节理解题。文章开篇就点明了核心区别："some people seem to get energy from being in a big group, while others feel tired..."，并在下文中分别具体说明内向者和外向者如何获取能量。选项B准确概括了这一核心区别。 2. 答案: B. Tired and needing quiet time. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在描述内向者的段落："After a lot of social interaction, they often need time by themselves to 'recharge'."（在大量的社交互动后，他们通常需要独处的时间来'充电'。）"感到疲惫并需要安静时间"是"需要充电"的同义表述。 3. 答案: B. Making someone feel tired and empty. 详解: 词义推测题。"draining"的原意是"排水、使流光"。在语境中，前文说内向者需要从社交中"充电"，那么让他们感到"draining"的事情就是让他们"精力耗尽"，即感到疲惫和空虚。选项B符合此意。 4. 答案: C. Someone who falls in the middle of the introvert-extrovert spectrum. 详解: 细节题。答案直接对应文中对"ambivert"的定义："they fall somewhere in the middle, which is called an ambivert." 选项C是此句的复现。 5. 答案: B. So we can be more considerate towards others' social needs. 详解: 推理题。答案定位在最后一段："Understanding these differences can help us be more considerate towards others." 随后文章举例说明了如何对不同性格的朋友表示体贴。选项B准确概括了理解性格类型的主要目的。A、C选项过于片面或绝对，D选项与文意不符。 课文翻译 内向者与外向者：有什么区别？ 你是否注意到，有些人似乎能从大群体中获得能量，而另一些人在过多的社交后会感到疲惫？这通常是因为他们的性格类型。心理学家经常谈论内向者和外向者。 外向者是通过与他人相处来获得能量的人。他们通常喜欢社交活动、结识新朋友，并处于活跃的氛围中。他们经常边想边说，并且乐于成为关注的焦点。 另一方面，内向者通过独处或在安静的环境中获取能量。在大量的社交互动之后，他们通常需要独处的时间来"充电"。这并不意味着他们害羞或不喜欢人。他们可能喜欢与亲密的朋友进行深入交谈，但可能会觉得大型聚会令人精疲力竭。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读理解详细解析 1. According to Paragraph 1, why do identical twins look so similar? 答案: B. They share almost the same DNA. 解析：题目问的是双胞胎外表相似的原因。第一段第二句明确提到“They come from the same fertilized egg, sharing almost the same DNA.（他们来自同一个受精卵，拥有几乎相同的DNA。）” 这正是他们外表一模一样的根本原因。选项A（相同的爱好）和C（喜欢穿同样的衣服）是可能的现象，但并非根本原因。 2. What does the phrase "looks can be deceiving" in Paragraph 2 mean? 答案: B. Something is not what it appears to be. 解析：这是一道短语含义题。结合上下文，第二段开头说双胞胎外表相同，但紧接着用“However”转折，说他们的内心世界可能很不同。所以，“looks can be deceiving”就是指“外表可能具有欺骗性”，即事情（在此指双胞胎的个性）并不像它表面看起来那样（相同）。选项A（你看到的总是真的）意思相反；选项C（很容易区分双胞胎）与短语本身含义无关。 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that shapes a twin's personality? 答案: C. School teachers and homework. 解析：这是一道细节排除题。第二段提到了“Personality isn't only written in our genes.（个性不仅仅由基因决定）”，并提到“different friends, like different hobbies, or develop different skills（不同的朋友、爱好和技能）”，这些都属于个人经历和环境。第三段明确提到“environment and personal experiences play a huge role（环境和个人经历起很大作用）”。而学校老师和作业在文中完全没有被提及。 4. How might twins become more different from each other, according to Paragraph 3? 答案: B. By comparing themselves and trying to build their own identities. 解析：题目问双胞胎如何变得更加不同。第三段最后一句明确指出：“They often compare themselves to each other, which can make their differences even clearer.（他们经常互相比较，这让他们之间的差异更加明显。）” 并且前文提到一个可能会在体育方面更加努力以“create her own identity（创造她自己的身份）”。选项A（总是做所有事都在一起）会让她们更相似；选项C（穿不同颜色的衣服）是外在表现，不是文中提到的原因。 5. What is the writer's main purpose in this article? 答案: B. To encourage people to see twins as unique individuals. 解析：这是一道主旨题。通篇文章都在阐述一个核心观点：双胞胎虽然外表相似，但内在个性、爱好和经历可能大不相同。文章最后一句点明主旨：“Getting to know them as individuals, not just as a 'twin,' is the key...（将他们视为独立的个体而不仅仅是‘双胞胎’来了解，才是关键……）” 这正是在呼吁人们把双胞胎当作独特的个体来看待。选项A（解释双胞胎为何完全相同）与文章观点相反；选项C（讲一个关于双胞胎兄弟的有趣故事）在文中没有体现。 全文翻译 双胞胎的联系：不止于外表 The Twin Connection: More Than Just Looks 你见过同卵双胞胎吗？他们来自同一个受精卵，拥有几乎相同的DNA。这就是为什么他们通常长得一模一样，从头发、眼睛的颜色到身高和笑容。对其他人来说，要区分他们可能非常困难。 然而，外表可能具有欺骗性。虽然他们的外表可能完全相同，但他们的内心世界却可能大不相同。个性不仅仅是由我们的基因决定的。在成长过程中，双胞胎可能会有不同的朋友，喜欢不同的爱好，或者发展出不同的技能。一个双胞胎可能更外向，喜欢成为众人瞩目的焦点，而另一个则可能更安静，更喜欢独自看书。一个可能是有天赋的艺术家，而另一个可能是出色的足球运动员。 他们的环境和个人经历在塑造他们是谁方面起着巨大的作用。试想，如果一个双胞胎赢得了歌唱比赛，这可能会让她更加自信。另一个双胞胎可能会在体育方面更加努力，以建立她自己的身份认同。他们经常互相比较，这让他们之间的差异变得更加明显。 所以，下次当你遇到同卵双胞胎时，请记住，他们的相似仅仅是肤浅的。将他们视为独立的个体，而不仅仅是“双胞胎”来了解，才是发现他们独特个性的关键。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3时文阅读全能训练四 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Family Relationships Read the following passage adapted from a family counseling blog. . Read the following passage from a food blog and answer the questions. Comprehension Questions 1.What is "sibling rivalry" according to the passage? A. A type of video game siblings play together. B. Competition and fighting between brothers and sisters. C. A special bond only twins have. D. When parents treat all children exactly the same. 2.What is mentioned as a common cause of sibling rivalry? A. Having different eye colors. B. Competing for parents' attention. C. Going to different schools. D. Eating different foods. 3.What does the passage say about the benefits of having siblings? A. They can be your first best friends. B. They always give you money. C. They do your homework for you. D. They never argue with you. 4.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to improve sibling relationships? A. Finding common interests. B. Learning to compromise. C. Standing up for each other. D. Arguing until you win. 5.Why does the author say investing in sibling relationships is worth it? A. Because they might give you expensive gifts. B. Because they will likely be in your life the longest. C. Because they can help with your homework. D. Because they know all your secrets. 1. Core Vocabulary sibling rivalry (n.) /ˈsɪblɪŋ ˈraɪvlri/ 手足竞争 jealousy (n.) /ˈdʒɛləsi/ 嫉妒 benefits (n.) /ˈbɛnɪfɪts/ 好处 supportive (adj.) /səˈpɔːtɪv/ 支持的 compromise (v.) /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/ 妥协 loyalty (n.) /ˈlɔɪəlti/ 忠诚 Understanding Your siblings: From Rivalry to Friendship Do you ever feel like you and your siblings are from different planets? One minute you're laughing together, the next you're arguing. This is completely normal. Sibling rivalry - competition and fighting between brothers and sisters - is common in many families. Why does this happen? Often, it's because siblings are competing for attention from parents, or they feel like things aren't fair. Maybe you think your brother gets more praise for his grades, or your sister gets to stay up later than you. These feelings can lead to jealousy and arguments. But having siblings also has great benefits. They can be your first best friends. They know your family inside and out. As you grow older, many people find that their relationship with their siblings becomes stronger and more supportive. How can you improve your relationship with your siblings right now? Try these tips: Find common interests. Do you both like the same video game or sport? Learn to compromise. You can't always have things your way. Stand up for each other. Showing loyalty can build a stronger bond. Remember, your siblings are the people who will likely be in your life the longest. Investing in these relationships is worth it! 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3时文阅读全能训练二 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Personality and Friendship Read the following passage adapted from a psychology website for teens. Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Friends should always like the same things. B. Differences between friends can be a good thing. C. It's hard to be friends with different people. D. Outgoing people are better friends. 2. According to the passage, a good friend does NOT try to ______ you. A. help B. change C. respect D. understand 3. What does the word "reliable" mean in the passage? A. Funny and smart. B. Rich and powerful. C. Can be trusted to do what they say. D. Always agrees with you. 4. How should you treat a friend who is having a bad day? A. Tell them to cheer up immediately. B. Give them space or ask kindly if they're okay. C. Ignore them until they feel better. D. Be pushy and ask many questions. 5. What is the author's opinion about the best friendships? A. They are between people who are exactly the same. B. They make both people feel valued and supported. C. They are always easy and never have problems. D. They only last for a short time. Core Vocabulary 1. differences (n.)差异 2. outgoing (adj.)外向的 3. reserved (adj.) 内向的 4. respects (v.) 尊重 5. reliable (adj.) 可靠的 6. honest (adj.) 诚实的 1. What Makes a Good Friend? We all want to have good friends, but have you ever thought about what makes YOU a good friend? Friendship isn't just about finding someone who likes the same music or games as you. It's often about how you treat each other, especially when you have differences. Think about your friends. Are they all exactly like you? Probably not. Maybe one friend is very outgoing and loves parties, while another is more reserved and prefers quiet conversations. These differences can actually make your friendship stronger and more interesting. A good friend is someone who respects you for who you are. They don't try to change you. They listen when you have problems and they're happy for you when good things happen. They are reliable - if they say they will do something, they do it. They are also honest with you, but in a kind way. Being a good friend also means being understanding. Everyone has bad days. If your friend seems quiet or upset, a good friend gives them space or asks if they're okay without being pushy. Remember, the best friendships are those where both people feel valued and supported. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $