Unit 4 课后拓展阅读小页-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit4时文阅读全能训练一 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Amazing Plants and Animals Read the following passage adapted from a National Geographic Kids article. questions. The Secret World of Fungi: Nature's Recyclers When you think of amazing life forms, you might picture giant redwood trees or fast cheetahs. But some of the most incredible organisms are right under our feet! We often call them mushrooms, but scientists call them fungi. Fungi are not plants. They can't use sunlight to make their own food like plants do. So, how do they survive? They are nature's recyclers. They break down dead material, like fallen leaves and old trees. By doing this, they return important nutrients to the soil, which helps new plants grow. Without fungi, forests would be buried under piles of dead wood and leaves! The largest living thing on Earth isn't a whale or a tree. It's a honey fungus in Oregon, USA. It spreads over 2,385 acres (about 1,665 soccer fields)! Most of this fungus is hidden underground as a network of tiny threads. Fungi are also amazing partners. Many trees have fungi attached to their roots. The fungi help the tree absorb water and nutrients. In return, the tree gives the fungi sugars it makes. This win-win partnership is called a symbiotic relationship. So, the next time you see a mushroom, remember—you're looking at a small part of a hidden, and truly amazing, world. Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main job of fungi in nature, according to the passage? A. To use sunlight to make food. B. To break down dead material and recycle nutrients. C. To hunt for small animals. D. To grow into the tallest trees. 2. Why does the author say fungi are not plants? A. Because they are animals. B. Because they can't make their own food using sunlight. C. Because they are much larger than plants. D. Because they don't need water. 3. What is special about the honey fungus in Oregon? A. It is the smallest organism. B. It can run very fast. C. It is the largest living thing on Earth. D. It is a type of tree. 4. What is a "symbiotic relationship" between a tree and a fungus? A. The fungus eats the tree. B. The tree and the fungus fight each other. C. They help each other in a win-win situation. D. The tree makes the fungus leave. Core Vocabulary 1.organisms (n.) 生物，有机体 2.fungi (n.) 真菌 (复数) | fungus (单数) 3.recyclers (n.) 回收者 4.nutrients (n.) 营养素，养分 5.honey fungus (n.) 蜜环菌 6.symbiotic relationship (n.) 共生关系 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4时文阅读全能训练二 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Animal Adaptation Read the following passage adapted from an ocean conservation website. Core Vocabulary 1.octopus (n.) 章鱼 2.disguise (n./v.) 伪装 3.chromatophores (n.) 色素细胞 4.predators (n.) 捕食者 5.prey (n.) 猎物 6.invertebrate (n.) 无脊椎动物 1. The Incredible Octopus: A Shape-Shifting Genius In the ocean's depths, survival depends on being clever. The octopus might be one of the smartest and most amazing creatures there. It is a master of disguise. An octopus can change its color and texture in less than a second to match its surroundings. It does this using special cells in its skin called chromatophores. When it wants to disappear, it can look exactly like a rock, a piece of coral, or even a patch of sand. This helps it hide from predators like sharks and also sneak up on its prey. But that's not all. If an octopus is discovered, it has more tricks. It can shoot a cloud of dark ink into the water. The ink confuses the predator, and the octopus uses this moment to jet away quickly. Some octopuses can even lose an arm to escape a predator and later grow it back! The octopus shows us that intelligence and adaptation are just as important as size and strength in the animal kingdom. It is a truly incredible invertebrate. Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The size of the ocean. B. The hunting skills of sharks. C. The amazing abilities of the octopus. D. Different types of fish. 2. How does an octopus change its appearance so quickly? A. By moving very fast. B. By using special cells in its skin called chromatophores. C. By asking other octopuses for help. D. By closing its eyes. 3. What is the purpose of the dark ink that an octopus shoots? A. To help it see in the dark. B. To write messages. C. To clean the water. D. To confuse predators so it can escape. 4. What can some octopuses do if they lose an arm? A. They will die immediately. B. They can grow it back later. C. They use ink to make a new one. D. They borrow an arm from another octopus. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4时文阅读全能训练三 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Animal Adaptation Read the following passage adapted from a science website for students. Comprehension Questions 1. What is the main reason why animals use camouflage? A. To look more beautiful. B. To find a mate more easily. C. To hide from predators or prey. D. To communicate with each other. 2. How does the stick insect use camouflage? A. It changes its color. B. It looks like a part of a plant. C. It shoots water. D. It hides under the ground. 3. What is special about the octopus's camouflage ability? A. It is very slow. B. It can only change color once a day. C. It can change color and texture very quickly. D. It makes it look like a stick. 4. How does the archerfish use its hiding ability? A. To take a nap. B. To help it hunt for insects. C. To play with other fish. D. To clean itself. Core Vocabulary 1.camouflage(n.)伪装 2.stick insect(n.)竹节虫 3.predators(n.) 捕食者 4.octopus(n.)章鱼 5.archerfish(n.)射水鱼 1. Can You See Me Now? How Animals Use Camouflage For many animals, being seen can mean being eaten. To survive, they have developed amazing tricks to hide in plain sight. This is called camouflage. One master of camouflage is the stick insect. Its body looks exactly like a twig or a small branch. When it stays still on a plant, it becomes almost invisible to predatorslike birds. Other animals, like the octopus, can change their color and even their skin texture to match their surroundings in seconds. They do this to sneak up on prey or hide from danger. Some animals use camouflage in more surprising ways. The archerfishdoesn't just hide; it uses its surroundings to help it hunt. It shoots a powerful jet of water from its mouth to knock insects off leaves above the water. Its ability to stay hidden in the water helps it get close enough for a perfect shot. Camouflage is a powerful tool in the natural world. It shows us how animals are perfectly adapted to their environments, using shape, color, and behavior to stay safe and well-fed. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题目详解 (Comprehension Questions): 1.答案: B. To break down dead material and recycle nutrients. 详解: 细节理解题。答案定位在第二段。文中明确提到"They are nature's recyclers. They break down dead material... they return important nutrients to the soil..."（它们是自然的回收者。它们分解死亡的物质……它们将重要的营养物质返还到土壤中……）。选项B准确地概括了真菌的主要作用。A选项是植物的特点；C和D选项在文中没有依据。 2.答案: B. Because they can't make their own food using sunlight. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第二段开头："Fungi are not plants. They can't use sunlight to make their own food like plants do."（真菌不是植物。它们不能像植物那样利用阳光制造自己的食物。）选项B是这句话的同义转述。A、C、D选项的表述均与原文事实不符。 3.答案: C. It is the largest living thing on Earth. 详解: 细节题。答案定位在第三段："The largest living thing on Earth isn't a whale or a tree. It's a honey fungus in Oregon, USA."（地球上最大的生物不是鲸鱼或树。它是美国俄勒冈州的一种蜜环菌。）选项C是原文信息的直接复现。 4.答案: C. They help each other in a win-win situation. 详解: 细节和词义理解题。答案定位在第四段。文章解释了树和真菌如何互相帮助（真菌帮助树吸收水分和营养，树为真菌提供糖分），并总结说"This win-win partnership is called a symbiotic relationship."（这种双赢的伙伴关系被称为共生关系）。因此，"symbiotic relationship" 指的就是这种互相帮助、对双方都有利的关系。选项C准确地描述了这一点。 课文翻译 (Translation) 真菌的秘密世界：大自然的回收者 当你想到神奇的生命形式时，你可能会想到巨大的红杉树或奔跑迅速的猎豹。但一些最不可思议的生物就在我们的脚下！我们通常称它们为蘑菇，但科学家称它们为真菌。 真菌不是植物。它们不能像植物那样利用阳光制造自己的食物。那么，它们如何生存呢？它们是大自然的回收者。它们分解死亡的物质，比如落叶和枯木。通过这样做，它们将重要的营养素返还到土壤中，这有助于新植物的生长。没有真菌，森林将被埋在成堆的枯木和落叶之下！ 地球上最大的生物不是鲸鱼，也不是树。它是美国俄勒冈州的一种蜜环菌。它蔓延超过2,385英亩（约1,665个足球场）！这种真菌的大部分以微小线状网络的形式隐藏在地下。 真菌也是神奇的合作伙伴。许多树的根上都附着真菌。真菌帮助树木吸收水分和营养。作为回报，树为真菌提供它制造的糖分。这种双赢的伙伴关系被称为共生关系。 所以，下次你看到蘑菇时，请记住——你看到的是一个隐藏的、真正神奇世界的一小部分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题目详解 1.B(Because the soil they grow in lacks nutrients.) 详解:细节理解题。答案定位在第一段。文章明确说明了原因："But some plants grow in places where the soil is poor in nutrients. To get the nutrients they need, they have become hunters!"（但有些植物生长在土壤贫瘠的地方。为了获得所需的营养，它们变成了猎人！） 2.C(By using its red color and sweet smell.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第二段。文中描述捕蝇草："The inside of the trap is often red and smells sweet to attract insects."（陷阱内部通常是红色的，并且有甜味以吸引昆虫。） 3.C(An insect touches two trigger hairs quickly.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第二段。触发机制描述得很清楚："If an insect touches two of these hairs within about 20 seconds, the trap will snap shut..."（如果一只昆虫在大约20秒内触碰其中两根毛，陷阱就会啪地一声关上……） 4.B(The plant releases digestive juices to absorb nutrients.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第三段。消化过程是："The plant then releases digestive juices onto the insect. These juices... the plant absorbs the nutrients."（然后植物会向昆虫释放消化液。这些汁液……植物吸收营养。） 原文翻译 捕蝇草：会狩猎的植物 我们知道植物从太阳获取能量。但有些植物生长在土壤养分贫瘠的地方。为了获得所需的养分，它们变成了猎人！这些食肉植物中最著名的就是捕蝇草。 捕蝇草有特殊的叶子，可以形成一个陷阱。陷阱内部通常是红色的，并散发出甜味以吸引昆虫。陷阱的每一侧都有微小的"触发毛"。如果一只昆虫在大约20秒内触碰到其中两根毛，陷阱会在不到一秒钟的时间内迅速关闭，将昆虫困在里面！ 然后，植物会向昆虫释放消化液。这些汁液会分解昆虫的身体，植物则吸收其中的养分。几天后，一旦昆虫被完全消化，陷阱会重新打开，准备下一餐。 捕蝇草是生命如何适应挑战性环境的一个迷人例子。它表明，在自然界中，有时猎人也可以是植物。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4时文阅读全能训练四 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： Topic: Importance of Small Creatures Read the following passage adapted from an environmental magazine. . Read the following passage from a food blog and answer the questions. Core Vocabulary 1.nutrients(n.) 营养素，养分 2.carnivorous plants(n.) 食肉植物 3.Venus flytrap(n.)捕蝇草 4.trigger hairs(n.)触发毛 5.digestive juices(n.) 消化液 1. Comprehension Questions 1. Why do some plants, like the Venus flytrap, need to "hunt" for insects? A. Because they don't like sunlight. B. Because the soil they grow in lacks nutrients. C. Because insects are their friends. D. Because they are bored. 2. How does the Venus flytrap attract insects? A. By making a loud noise. B. By changing its color to blue. C. By using its red color and sweet smell. D. By chasing them. 3. What causes the Venus flytrap's trap to close? A. A timer goes off. B. The plant decides to close it. C. An insect touches two trigger hairs quickly. D. It rains. 4. What happens after the trap closes and an insect is caught? A. The plant plays with the insect. B. The plant releases digestive juices to absorb nutrients. C. The trap opens again immediately. D. The insect becomes a pet for the plant. Don't Judge an Insect by Its Size: The Mighty Ant We know that plants get energy from the sun. But some plants grow in places where the soil is poor in nutrients. To get the nutrients they need, they have become hunters! The most famous of these carnivorous plantsis the Venus flytrap. The Venus flytrap has special leaves that form a trap. The inside of the trap is often red and smells sweet to attract insects. Each side of the trap has tiny "trigger hairs." If an insect touches two of these hairs within about 20 seconds, the trap will snap shut in less than a second, trapping the insect inside! The plant then releases digestive juicesonto the insect. These juices break down the insect's body, and the plant absorbs the nutrients. After several days, once the insect is fully digested, the trap reopens, ready for its next meal. The Venus flytrap is a fascinating example of how life can adapt to challenging environments. It shows that in nature, sometimes the hunter can also be a plant. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题目详解 Comprehension Questions: 1.C(To hide from predators or prey.) 详解:细节理解题。答案定位在第一段。文章开篇指出对于许多动物来说，被看见意味着被吃掉，为了生存，它们发展出了伪装。因此，伪装的主要原因是躲避天敌或捕食猎物。 2.B(It looks like a part of a plant.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第二段。文中明确描述竹节虫："Its body looks exactly like a twig or a small branch."（它的身体看起来就像一根小树枝或小树枝。） 3.C(It can change color and texture very quickly.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第二段。文中提到章鱼："can change their color and even their skin texture to match their surroundings in seconds."（可以在几秒钟内改变颜色甚至皮肤纹理以匹配周围环境。） 4.B(To help it hunt for insects.) 详解:细节题。答案定位在第三段。文章说明射水鱼利用伪装隐藏在水中，是为了"to help it hunt"，从而能够接近并用水柱击落昆虫。 原文翻译 你能看见我吗？动物如何利用伪装 对许多动物来说，被看见就意味着被吃掉。为了生存，它们发展出了惊人的技巧，在大白天隐藏起来。这就叫做伪装。 竹节虫是伪装大师之一。它的身体看起来完全像一根小树枝。当它静止在植物上时，对于鸟类这样的捕食者来说，它几乎变得 invisible（看不见）。其他动物，比如章鱼，可以在几秒钟内改变颜色甚至皮肤纹理来匹配周围环境。它们这样做是为了悄悄接近猎物或躲避危险。 有些动物以更令人惊讶的方式使用伪装。射水鱼不只是隐藏；它利用环境来帮助狩猎。它从嘴里射出一股强大的水柱，将水面上方树叶上的昆虫击落。它隐藏在水中的能力帮助它足够接近目标，完成完美一击。 伪装是自然世界中一个强大的工具。它向我们展示了动物如何完美地适应环境，利用形状、颜色和行为来保持安全和吃饱。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题目详解 (Comprehension Questions): 1. What is the main topic of this passage? 答案：C. The amazing abilities of the octopus. 详解： 主旨题。全文围绕章鱼的伪装能力、喷墨逃生和再生能力展开，核心是介绍章鱼的非凡能力。A、B、D选项均偏离文章核心描述对象。 2. How does an octopus change its appearance so quickly? 答案：B. By using special cells in its skin called chromatophores. 详解： 细节题。答案直接对应第二段："It does this using special cells in its skin called chromatophores." 选项B是原文信息的精确复现。 3. What is the purpose of the dark ink that an octopus shoots? 答案：D. To confuse predators so it can escape. 详解： 细节理解题。答案定位在第三段："The ink confuses the predator, and the octopus uses this moment to jet away quickly." 墨汁的目的是迷惑捕食者以便逃跑。选项D准确概括了该目的。 4. What can some octopuses do if they lose an arm? 答案：B. They can grow it back later. 详解： 细节题。答案对应第三段最后一句："Some octopuses can even lose an arm to escape a predator and later grow it back!" 选项B是原文"grow it back"的同义转述。 原文翻译： 伪装大师：章鱼——变形天才 在海洋深处，生存依赖于智慧。章鱼可能是那里最聪明、最令人惊奇的生物之一。它是一位伪装大师。 章鱼可以在不到一秒的时间内改变颜色和质地，以匹配周围环境。它通过皮肤中称为色素细胞的特殊细胞来实现这一点。当它想要消失时，它可以看起来完全像一块岩石、一片珊瑚，甚至是一块沙地。这有助于它躲避像鲨鱼这样的捕食者，并悄悄接近它的猎物。 但这还不是全部。如果章鱼被发现，它还有更多伎俩。它可以向水中喷射一团黑墨。墨汁使捕食者困惑，章鱼则利用这一刻快速喷射离开。有些章鱼甚至可以通过断掉一只腕足来逃脱捕食者，并且之后还能重新长出来！ 章鱼向我们表明，在动物王国中，智慧和适应能力与体型和力量同样重要。它真是一种令人难以置信的无脊椎动物。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $