内容正文:
专题02 词性“隐秘考点”—— 代词与数词
目录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】代词的基本用法与辨析
【考点02】指示代词、不定代词的精准辨析
【考点03】it的用法全解
【考点04】其他关键代词的用法(替代词等)
【考点05】基数词与序数词的核心用法
【考点06】数词的特殊表达与主谓一致(分数、百分数,倍数与概数词等)
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】考查代词的主宾格、物主、反身
【题型02】考查代词it的特殊用法
【题型03】考查基数词与序数词的转换
【题型04】考查年代与年龄段等固定表达
核心考向聚焦
核心价值:代词(人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词及it的特殊用法)与数词(基数词、序数词、分数、倍数、年代年龄表达等)在语法填空及书面表达中的隐性考查。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:本专题强化语法基础,提升学生在具体语境中准确选用代词与数词的能力,增强语言表达的准确性与逻辑性。
培优瓶颈:
1)代词指代不明、格与句法功能不一致;
2)it句型结构混淆,强调句与其他从句判断不清;
3)不定代词在具体语境中的细微差别;
4)数词特殊结构(如倍数、分数、年代)的表达不熟练;
5)主谓一致在“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构中的误用。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:
1)在语境中选择恰当的不定代词和替代词(one/ones, that/those);
2)it在句型中的形式主语/宾语功能和强调句结构;
3)数词在表达倍数、年代、年龄、顺序时的准确性与地道性。
策略:1)系统梳理代词与数词的知识网络,构建分类记忆图表;
2)强化语境训练,注重句子结构和逻辑关系的分析;
◇考点 01 代词的基本用法与辨析
1. 代词句法功能
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
2. 常考代词的形式
1)人称代词
数、格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
your
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
2) 物主代词
意义
类别
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
yours
theirs
3) 反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
oneself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
4) 与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
◇考点 02 指示代词、不定代词的精准辨析
1. 指示代词this, that, these, those用法
典型用法
典型示例
this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
this和that可以当副词用,相当于副词so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
2.不定代词用法
典型用法
典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个
They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都”
Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部”
All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”
You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不”
Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无,没有一点”
We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子,但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西”
The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一”
Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。
Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗?
other泛指“其余的”,只作定语
Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有?
others“另一些”
Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个
He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些”
I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车,而我是走回来的。
◇考点 03 it的用法全解
1. it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before- 从句过了多长时间才……
2. it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
3、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为:
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
◇考点 04 其他关键代词的用法(替代词等)
1.替代词用法
典型用法
典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
--Where's your car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿?--在车库里。
Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
2.相互代词用法
表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other(指两者之间) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之间)两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。
如:They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
The three men distrusted one another.这三个人互不信任。
◇考点 05 基数词与序数词的核心用法
1. 基数词
(1)基数词 构成
①1-12 单独记。one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
②13-19 词尾加teen:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
③20-90 整十的词词尾为-ty: thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
④21-99 在书写时,个位与十位之间加连字符:73 seventy-three 67 sixty-seven
⑤101-999 之间,朗读时,先读百,再加 and,后读几十几。
⑥1000 以上的数词,每三位用逗号计数:267, (billion) 35, (million) 740, (thousand) 229
(2)基数词 基本用法
①做主语:Two of them are students.
②做表语:Two and two is four.
③做定语:They bought two books.
④做同位语:We two received the invitation.
⑤做介词宾语:The number of the students here is beyond 400.
(3)基数词特殊用法:
①使用中关注 dozen, score, fortnight, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion。
②当 dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 修饰一个确切数量的名词时,这些词一不加 s,二后面不跟介词 of,但是当这些词修饰一个不确切数量的名词时,这些词后面既要加 s,后面又要跟介词 of。例如:five hundred people(five 表示精确数量)
hundreds of people(hundreds of “成百上千” 是不确切数量,hundred 要加 s 后面要跟 of)
③当 dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 修饰一个确切数量的名词,名词前面有指示代词 this, that, these, those 等时,这些词后面要跟介词 of,这些词不加 s。
例如:I have got 200 hundred of this kind of books.He bought 50 of those apples.
④基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在某人几十岁
in his thirties(把整十的数词变成复数形势表示 “在某人几十岁”)在他三十多岁的时候
⑤基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在世纪年代
in the 1980's/in the 1980s(在整十的年代数词后面加 s 或 s. 前面加定冠词 the 表示在…… 世纪…… 年代”)在二十世纪八十年代
2. 序数词
(1)序数词 构成
1~10的序数词
11~19的序数词
20~90中整十的序数词
first (1st)
eleventh (11th)
second (2nd)
twelfth (12th)
twentieth (20th)
third (3rd)
thirteenth (13th)
thirtieth (30th)
fourth (4th)
fourteenth (14th)
fortieth (40th)
fifth (5th)
fifteenth (15th)
fiftieth (50th)
sixth (6th)
sixteenth (16th)
sixtieth (60th)
seventh (7th)
seventeenth (17th)
seventieth (70th)
eighth (8th)
eighteenth (18th)
eightieth (80th)
ninth (9th)
nineteenth (19th)
ninetieth (90th)
tenth (10th)
序数词词形的表示及特点如下
1)第一至第十九,除第一(frst)第二(second)、第三(third)外其余均是在基数词词尾加-th 构成。其中 fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 的拼法较特殊。
2)第二十至第九十中整十的序数词是将基数词词尾的y变成i再加-eth 构成。
3 )hundred,thousand,million,billion 的序数词均在其后加-th。
4)两位数的词,只需把个位数变为序数词,三位及以上的词,只把最后的两位数变为序数词。
2.序数词的用法
1)序数词前一般要加定冠词 the。The first chair is Li Ping's.第一把椅子是李平的。
2)序数词前面通常加 the,表示“第几”,但也可以在前面( first 除外)用不定冠词 a或 an,意为“又一,再一”
Try a second time andyou'll succeed. 再试一次, 你就会成功。
3)序数词与基数词连用时,通常是序数词在前面。
the first threepages of the book 这本书的前三页
5) 序数词前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格时,不再用定冠词
This is Wang Ya ping's second space trip, during which she wil!continue teaching students from space.
这是王亚平的第二次太空之旅,在此期间她将继续从太空为学生授课。
6) 序数词修饰谓语动词时,定冠词 the 省掉。
The team ranks firstin its country.该队在本国排名第一。
◇考点 06 数词的特殊表达与主谓一致(分数、百分数,倍数与概数词等)
1. 分数表达
①分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式;分母若是2 和 4, 则分别用 half 和 quarter, one half, a half =: one third, a third ≧ : two thirds, two-thirds
②基数词与序数词之间可加“-“也可不加分子与分母之间加in,分子在前分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词:
one in ten 十分之-,five in eight 八分之五
③分子与分母之间加 out of, 分子在前,分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词one out of ten 十分之-,five out of eight 八分之五
④“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与 of 后名词的数保持一致About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。
2. 小数
表示法: 小数点读 point; 零读作 zero 或 o; 小数点前的数字按基数词读,小数点后的数字按单个数字依次读出。
9. 65 读为 nine point six five 53. 16 读为 fifty-three point one six
3. 百分数
①表示百分数时,直接将基数词放在单词 percent 前面;
twenty percent 百分之二十,fifty-two percent 百分之五十二
②百分数与分数一样,后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语,而用以下形式:百分数+of+限定词+名词/代词,其谓语动词与 of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。
Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
三分之二的钱被用来买食物。
4. 易混易错数词
①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。
②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语
特征
词语
备注
只修饰可数名词
a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of,
dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词
a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
作主语时,谓语动词用单数
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定
a large quantity of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定
large quantities of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
◇题型 01 考查代词的主宾格、物主、反身
典|例|精|析
典例1(2025年全国二卷)Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.
【答案】 40. myself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:随着时间的推移,我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
典例2【2024全国甲卷】This area, with ____46____(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47for____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
典例3【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____to be lifted41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
【答案】 their
【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
方|法|提|练
变|式|巩|固
变式1【2026届浙江省ZDB联盟高三一模英语试题】This phenomenon demonstrates how Chinese enterprises are reshaping 1 (they) international image through innovation, cultural storytelling, and the globalization of homegrown ideas.
【答案】 their
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这一现象表明了中国企业如何通过创新、文化故事讲述和本土创意的全球化来重塑它们的国际形象。根据句子结构可知,此处应该用形容词性物主代词their来修饰名词短语international image,表示“它们的国际形象”。故填their。
变式2【2025·云南省保山市摸底】【安徽省合肥市普通高中六校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期】Jin Yujin, a 29-year-old Hanfu enthusiast with some 11,000 followers on China’s leading lifestyle social 52 (society)platform, posted a video showing a group of women including 53 (she) wearing traditional clothes, attracting massive engagement.
【答案】herself
【解析】考查代词。句意:29岁的汉服爱好者Jin Yujin在中国主流生活方式社交平台上拥有约1.1万名粉丝,她发布了一段视频,视频中包括她在内的一群女性身着传统服饰,引发了大量互动。此处强调“Jin Yujin本人”,需用反身代词作“including”的宾语,“she”的反身代词是“herself”。故填herself。
变式3变考法【广东省执信中学、汕头市金山中学、深圳外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期联合调研考试】“To know something about other cultures is to better understand (one) own,” he commented.
【答案】one’s
【答案】考查代词。句意:“了解其他文化是为了更好地理解自己的文化,” 他评论道。此空修饰own,应用形容词性物主代词one’s。故填one’s。
变式4[原创题]The young artist dedicated all his energy to the mural and found ______ (he) completely absorbed in the creative process, which brought him great satisfaction.
答案: himself
解析:考查反身代词。句意:这位年轻的艺术家将全部精力投入这幅壁画,他发现自己完全沉浸在了创作过程中,这给他带来了巨大的满足感。本句中,主语是"The young artist",谓语动词是"found"。空后是"absorbed",构成"find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"结构。此处宾语与主语指代同一人,表示“发现自己(处于某种状态)”,因此应用反身代词"himself"作宾语。故填himself。
◇题型 02 考查代词it的特殊用法
典|例|精|析
典例1.【2018年浙江卷6月】 Many westerners who/that 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. ...
【答案】 it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填i。
典例2【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【答案】70.it或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为:试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
变|式|巩|固
变式1【河南省郑州外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考】Mark Twain’s The Million Pound Bank Note further (far) demonstrates this truth. The protagonist’s experiences vividly show that money is merely a tool. is integrity and kindness, not wealth, that earn respect and bring true happiness.
【答案】 it
【解析】考查强调句。句意:是正直和善良,而不是财富,赢得尊重并带来真正的幸福。分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句,其基本结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”,此处被强调部分是主语integrity and kindness,注意首字母大写,故填It。
变式2(2025·山东省实验中学高三四诊)To give full play to family gatherings, the Spring Festival lasts for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. Many people consider _________ a great opportunity to taste traditional cuisine such as dumplings, sticky rice cakes, and fried meatballs, and share the joy of the festival with their loved ones.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句意:许多人认为这是一个品尝传统美食的好机会,如饺子、糯米糕和炸肉丸,并与亲人分享节日的快乐。此处为句型consider it+n.+不定式,故填it。
变式3变考法Therefore, it _____ (acknowledge) that Shenzhen has become China’s most livable city.
【答案】is acknowledged
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:因此,深圳被公认为中国最宜居的城市。该句使用固定句型“It+be+动词-ed形式+that从句”,其中it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,句子表达普遍接受的事实或现状,时态为一般现在时,it is acknowledged that意为“人们普遍认为”,从句表示的内容是被人们认为的事实。故填is 。acknowledged。
变式4[原创题] I would appreciate ________ if you could take my following proposals into consideration.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it。句意:如果您能考虑我以下的建议,我将不胜感激。分析句子成分可知,设空处作宾语,空格后有真正的宾语从句,填it作形式宾语。故填it。
◇题型 03 考查基数词与序数词的转换
典|例|精|析
典例1(2023年全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century, BC.
【答案】sixth
【解析】考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多早期文化的口头传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。根据句意可知,这里指公元前六世纪,故填序数词sixth。
典例2【2024浙江1月卷】Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____45____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
典例3(2022年全国新高考1卷·56) I’ve always loved the ocean. In the_______ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
【答案】seventh
【解析】 考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
变|式|巩|固
变式1 (2025年河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.
【答案】third
【解析】考查序数词。句意:于2013年,这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为:one third (a third) 。故填third。
变式2In the summer holiday following my ______ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
【答案】eighteenth
【解析】考查序数词构成。根据原文 “1,2,3 要单独记 first, second, third;四以后在基数词尾加 - th,特别要注意加 - th 时,有些基数词的词形需要改变,例如 eight-eighth(此处 eight 的序数词为 eighteenth)”,“第十八岁生日” 需用序数词 eighteenth。
变式3(23-24高三下·北京石景山·一模)In America, people use both “fall” and “autumn” to describe the 9 (three) season of the year.
【答案】third
【解析】考查数词。句意:在美国,人们用“fall”和“autumn”来形容一年中的第三个季节。the+序数词,表示第几。本句表示第三。故填third。
变式4[原创题]Then, when I was in the ______ (five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.
【答案】 fifth
【解析】考查序数词构成。根据原文 “1,2,3 要单独记 first, second, third;四以后在基数词尾加 - th,特别要注意加 - th 时,有些基数词的词形需要改变,例如 five-fifth”,“五年级” 需用序数词 fifth。
◇题型 04 考查年代与年龄段等的固定表达
典|例|精|析
典例1(2022年新高考I卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】the
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意:中国政府最近敲定了建立大熊猫国家公园的计划。该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。此处考查倍数表达法,结构为:倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length ...)+of B,表示“是B(大小/重量/长度……)的多少倍”。故填the。
典例2I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, at a proper price, but of good quality.
【答案】one
【解析】考查数词。句意:我想买一双运动鞋,价格合适,但质量好的。此处应用one泛指一双运动鞋,故填one。
变|式|巩|固
变式1As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.
【答案】thirties
【解析】考查数词的用法。句意:我们从报纸上可以了解到,他们已经三十多岁了,没有孩子。“in one’s+基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”,为固定搭配。故填thirties。
变式2 变考法Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】 考查基数词作主语的谓语动词。six 指代复数的 subpopulations,根据语法一致原则,谓语动词用 are。
变式3You’d better go home to see your parents __________(two) a week. They need more care.
【答案】twice
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:你最好每周回家看你父母两次。他们需要更多的照顾。twice意为“两次,两倍”,twice a week“一周两次”。故答案为twice。
变式4Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.
【答案】 thirds
【解析】考查数词。句意:缺水是我们今天面临的最大危机之一,全球每年有三分之二的人口有一个月或更多的时间生活在缺水的地区。分数由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。
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专题02 词性“隐秘考点”—— 代词与数词
目录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】代词的基本用法与辨析
【考点02】指示代词、不定代词的精准辨析
【考点03】it的用法全解
【考点04】其他关键代词的用法(替代词等)
【考点05】基数词与序数词的核心用法
【考点06】数词的特殊表达与主谓一致(分数、百分数,倍数与概数词等)
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】考查代词的主宾格、物主、反身
【题型02】考查代词it的特殊用法
【题型03】考查基数词与序数词的转换
【题型04】考查年代与年龄段等固定表达
核心考向聚焦
核心价值:代词(人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词及it的特殊用法)与数词(基数词、序数词、分数、倍数、年代年龄表达等)在语法填空及书面表达中的隐性考查。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:本专题强化语法基础,提升学生在具体语境中准确选用代词与数词的能力,增强语言表达的准确性与逻辑性。
培优瓶颈:
1)代词指代不明、格与句法功能不一致;
2)it句型结构混淆,强调句与其他从句判断不清;
3)不定代词在具体语境中的细微差别;
4)数词特殊结构(如倍数、分数、年代)的表达不熟练;
5)主谓一致在“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构中的误用。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:
1)在语境中选择恰当的不定代词和替代词(one/ones, that/those);
2)it在句型中的形式主语/宾语功能和强调句结构;
3)数词在表达倍数、年代、年龄、顺序时的准确性与地道性。
策略:1)系统梳理代词与数词的知识网络,构建分类记忆图表;
2)强化语境训练,注重句子结构和逻辑关系的分析;
◇考点 01 代词的基本用法与辨析
1. 代词句法功能
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
2. 常考代词的形式
1)人称代词
数、格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
your
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
2) 物主代词
意义
类别
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
yours
theirs
3) 反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
oneself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
4) 与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
◇考点 02 指示代词、不定代词的精准辨析
1. 指示代词this, that, these, those用法
典型用法
典型示例
this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
this和that可以当副词用,相当于副词so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
2.不定代词用法
典型用法
典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个
They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都”
Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部”
All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”
You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不”
Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无,没有一点”
We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子,但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西”
The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一”
Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。
Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗?
other泛指“其余的”,只作定语
Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有?
others“另一些”
Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个
He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些”
I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车,而我是走回来的。
◇考点 03 it的用法全解
1. it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before- 从句过了多长时间才……
2. it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
3、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为:
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
◇考点 04 其他关键代词的用法(替代词等)
1.替代词用法
典型用法
典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
--Where's your car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿?--在车库里。
Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
2.相互代词用法
表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other(指两者之间) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之间)两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。
如:They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
The three men distrusted one another.这三个人互不信任。
◇考点 05 基数词与序数词的核心用法
1. 基数词
(1)基数词 构成
①1-12 单独记。one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
②13-19 词尾加teen:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
③20-90 整十的词词尾为-ty: thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
④21-99 在书写时,个位与十位之间加连字符:73 seventy-three 67 sixty-seven
⑤101-999 之间,朗读时,先读百,再加 and,后读几十几。
⑥1000 以上的数词,每三位用逗号计数:267, (billion) 35, (million) 740, (thousand) 229
(2)基数词 基本用法
①做主语:Two of them are students.
②做表语:Two and two is four.
③做定语:They bought two books.
④做同位语:We two received the invitation.
⑤做介词宾语:The number of the students here is beyond 400.
(3)基数词特殊用法:
①使用中关注 dozen, score, fortnight, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion。
②当 dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 修饰一个确切数量的名词时,这些词一不加 s,二后面不跟介词 of,但是当这些词修饰一个不确切数量的名词时,这些词后面既要加 s,后面又要跟介词 of。例如:five hundred people(five 表示精确数量)
hundreds of people(hundreds of “成百上千” 是不确切数量,hundred 要加 s 后面要跟 of)
③当 dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 修饰一个确切数量的名词,名词前面有指示代词 this, that, these, those 等时,这些词后面要跟介词 of,这些词不加 s。
例如:I have got 200 hundred of this kind of books.He bought 50 of those apples.
④基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在某人几十岁
in his thirties(把整十的数词变成复数形势表示 “在某人几十岁”)在他三十多岁的时候
⑤基数词可以用下列这两种形式表示在世纪年代
in the 1980's/in the 1980s(在整十的年代数词后面加 s 或 s. 前面加定冠词 the 表示在…… 世纪…… 年代”)在二十世纪八十年代
2. 序数词
(1)序数词 构成
1~10的序数词
11~19的序数词
20~90中整十的序数词
first (1st)
eleventh (11th)
second (2nd)
twelfth (12th)
twentieth (20th)
third (3rd)
thirteenth (13th)
thirtieth (30th)
fourth (4th)
fourteenth (14th)
fortieth (40th)
fifth (5th)
fifteenth (15th)
fiftieth (50th)
sixth (6th)
sixteenth (16th)
sixtieth (60th)
seventh (7th)
seventeenth (17th)
seventieth (70th)
eighth (8th)
eighteenth (18th)
eightieth (80th)
ninth (9th)
nineteenth (19th)
ninetieth (90th)
tenth (10th)
序数词词形的表示及特点如下
1)第一至第十九,除第一(frst)第二(second)、第三(third)外其余均是在基数词词尾加-th 构成。其中 fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 的拼法较特殊。
2)第二十至第九十中整十的序数词是将基数词词尾的y变成i再加-eth 构成。
3 )hundred,thousand,million,billion 的序数词均在其后加-th。
4)两位数的词,只需把个位数变为序数词,三位及以上的词,只把最后的两位数变为序数词。
2.序数词的用法
1)序数词前一般要加定冠词 the。The first chair is Li Ping's.第一把椅子是李平的。
2)序数词前面通常加 the,表示“第几”,但也可以在前面( first 除外)用不定冠词 a或 an,意为“又一,再一”
Try a second time andyou'll succeed. 再试一次, 你就会成功。
3)序数词与基数词连用时,通常是序数词在前面。
the first threepages of the book 这本书的前三页
5) 序数词前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格时,不再用定冠词
This is Wang Ya ping's second space trip, during which she wil!continue teaching students from space.
这是王亚平的第二次太空之旅,在此期间她将继续从太空为学生授课。
6) 序数词修饰谓语动词时,定冠词 the 省掉。
The team ranks firstin its country.该队在本国排名第一。
◇考点 06 数词的特殊表达与主谓一致(分数、百分数,倍数与概数词等)
1. 分数表达
①分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式;分母若是2 和 4, 则分别用 half 和 quarter, one half, a half =: one third, a third ≧ : two thirds, two-thirds
②基数词与序数词之间可加“-“也可不加分子与分母之间加in,分子在前分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词:
one in ten 十分之-,five in eight 八分之五
③分子与分母之间加 out of, 分子在前,分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词one out of ten 十分之-,five out of eight 八分之五
④“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与 of 后名词的数保持一致About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。
2. 小数
表示法: 小数点读 point; 零读作 zero 或 o; 小数点前的数字按基数词读,小数点后的数字按单个数字依次读出。
9. 65 读为 nine point six five 53. 16 读为 fifty-three point one six
3. 百分数
①表示百分数时,直接将基数词放在单词 percent 前面;
twenty percent 百分之二十,fifty-two percent 百分之五十二
②百分数与分数一样,后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语,而用以下形式:百分数+of+限定词+名词/代词,其谓语动词与 of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。
Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
三分之二的钱被用来买食物。
4. 易混易错数词
①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。
②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语
特征
词语
备注
只修饰可数名词
a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of,
dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词
a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
作主语时,谓语动词用单数
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定
a large quantity of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定
large quantities of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
◇题型 01 考查代词的主宾格、物主、反身
典|例|精|析
典例1(2025年全国二卷)Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.
典例2【2024全国甲卷】This area, with ____46____(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47for____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
典例3【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____to be lifted41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
变|式|巩|固
变式1【2026届浙江省ZDB联盟高三一模英语试题】This phenomenon demonstrates how Chinese enterprises are reshaping 1 (they) international image through innovation, cultural storytelling, and the globalization of homegrown ideas.
变式2【2025·云南省保山市摸底】【安徽省合肥市普通高中六校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期】Jin Yujin, a 29-year-old Hanfu enthusiast with some 11,000 followers on China’s leading lifestyle social 52 (society)platform, posted a video showing a group of women including 53 (she) wearing traditional clothes, attracting massive engagement.
变式3变考法【广东省执信中学、汕头市金山中学、深圳外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期联合调研考试】“To know something about other cultures is to better understand (one) own,” he commented.
变式4[原创题]The young artist dedicated all his energy to the mural and found ______ (he) completely absorbed in the creative process, which brought him great satisfaction.
◇题型 02 考查代词it的特殊用法
典|例|精|析
典例1.【2018年浙江卷6月】 Many westerners who/that 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. ...
典例2【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
变|式|巩|固
变式1【河南省郑州外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考】Mark Twain’s The Million Pound Bank Note further (far) demonstrates this truth. The protagonist’s experiences vividly show that money is merely a tool. is integrity and kindness, not wealth, that earn respect and bring true happiness.
变式2(2025·山东省实验中学高三四诊)To give full play to family gatherings, the Spring Festival lasts for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. Many people consider _________ a great opportunity to taste traditional cuisine such as dumplings, sticky rice cakes, and fried meatballs, and share the joy of the festival with their loved ones.
变式3变考法Therefore, it _____ (acknowledge) that Shenzhen has become China’s most livable city.
变式4[原创题] I would appreciate ________ if you could take my following proposals into consideration.
◇题型 03 考查基数词与序数词的转换
典|例|精|析
典例1(2023年全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century, BC.
典例2【2024浙江1月卷】Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____45____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
典例3(2022年全国新高考1卷·56) I’ve always loved the ocean. In the_______ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
变|式|巩|固
变式1 (2025年河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.
变式2In the summer holiday following my ______ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
变式3(23-24高三下·北京石景山·一模)In America, people use both “fall” and “autumn” to describe the 9 (three) season of the year.
变式4[原创题]Then, when I was in the ______ (five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.
◇题型 04 考查年代与年龄段等的固定表达
典|例|精|析
典例1(2022年新高考I卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
典例2I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, at a proper price, but of good quality.
变|式|巩|固
变式1As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.
变式2 变考法Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
变式3You’d better go home to see your parents __________(two) a week. They need more care.
变式4Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.
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