专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 1．What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A．Efficient public transport. B．Strong interaction between people. C．Uniform style of buildings. D．A comparatively large population. 2．Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A．Local residents. B．Government officials. C．City planners. D．Construction workers. 3．How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A．Lined with plants. B．Painted with clear signs. C．Tightly connected. D．Convenient for the old. 4．According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A．pride B．comfort C．security D．urgency 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. (她构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。)”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs (对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. (一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. (人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区。)”可知，Jacobs建议如何修建连接紧密的人行道。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. (它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多“街头的眼睛”：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况。)”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） Last week was Sports Day at my daughter's school.She was part of the Yellow House.She had to wear yellow and race for points.The Yellow House won.I was really pleased for my daughter because last year the Green House won.In fact，when the winning house was announced last year，many little faces turned sour.There were many tears and children were bitter because they had lost. Losing is never fun.From a young age children know that winning is the best result.As parents，we can talk to children about the importance of everyone having a chance to win; we can teach our children to be happy for their friends when a friend wins. As children grow older they will be exposed to more and more competition.It is important that we teach our children to learn to “bounce back” from losses，to experience loss in a positive way and to keep on going even when they don't achieve the desired outcome. By teaching children how to be resilient(适应性强的)，we can prepare them for adult life in the future.Our children can learn to compete for fun and learn how to bounce back from life's failures and disappointments. We can talk to our children about competition.We can teach by examples and show our kids that losing a game or failing a test is not the end.Losing is simply a chance to try again and a chance to become more successful. Raising emotionally healthy children is very important for the future generation and by teaching our children the above principles we can help them to overcome the difficulties of life and they will learn to compete in healthy ways throughout their lives. 1．In the first paragraph，the author intends to ． A．describe the sports event B．introduce the topic of the text C．show the cruelty of competition D．make a comparison between winners and losers 2．What kind of instruction will the author give to his children? A．You are allowed to fail. B．Winning is the best result. C．Competition is not healthy. D．You should try your best to win. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Preparing children for future life. B．Raising emotionally healthy children. C．Teaching children to face failure bravely. D．Teaching children about healthy competition. 4．In which column of a newspaper is the text likely to appear? A．Health. B．Education. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了孩子在成长的过程中会面对很多竞争，而教会孩子们健康的竞争是必要的。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In fact，when the winning house was announced last year，many little faces turned sour.There were many tears and children were bitter because they had lost.”事实上，当去年宣布获胜方时，许多小脸变得不高兴，孩子流了许多眼泪，他们很痛苦，因为他们失败了。再根据下文说明了教会孩子坦然面对失败的必要性。由此判断出，第一段作者想介绍主题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。从第二段“we can talk to children about the importance of everyone having a chance to win; we can teach our children to be happy for their friends when a friend wins”可知虽然失败的滋味不好受，但要教导孩子为别人的成功喝彩。第三段“Our children can learn to compete for fun and            learn how to bounce back from life's failures and disappointments”可知孩子们要学会从感受竞争带来的快乐和从容面对失败和失望。第四段“Losing is simply a chance to try again and a chance to become more successful“”指出教孩子学会适应失败。由此可知，作者会给他的孩子的教育是可以失败。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。综合全文及最后一段“teaching our children the above principles we can help them to overcome the difficulties of life and they will learn to compete in healthy ways throughout their lives“”可知通过教会孩子规则我们可以帮助孩子们克服生活中遇到的困难和学会用正确的方式去应对竞争。文所以短文主要是关于教孩子们健康的竞争。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章是关于教会孩子坦然面对失败，探讨父母既要教会孩子竞争，也要让他们学会正确的竞争方式，正确应对生活中遇到的困难和失败。由此判断出，短文出现在报纸的教育专栏。故选B。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是讲述了坦然面对失败的重要性，因此，综合全文及最后一段“teaching our children the above principles we can help them to overcome the difficulties            of life and they will learn to compete in healthy ways throughout their lives“”可知通过教会孩子规则我们可以帮助孩子们克服生活中遇到的困难和学会用正确的方式去应对竞争。文所以短文主要是关于教孩子们健康的竞争。故本题选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is “It just does!” Math can seem like a world of rules you just have to follow, which makes it seem rigid and boring. Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. If you and your friend both have enough cash to buy one cup of coffee, then together you still might have enough to buy three. If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations. Sometimes, one plus one is just one, like if you put a pile of sand on top of another pile of sand, then you just get on c pile of sand. Or, as an art student of mine pointed out, if you mix one color with one color, you get one color. Actually, Math isn't really about getting the right answer. It's about building good justifications. I often hear parents complaining if children can do something one way, why do they need to know all these other ways? Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply. I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them. And I hope we will place more emphasis on those who are curious, and who follow their curiosity on a journey that may be slow and without a clear destination, a quiet walk through the countryside rather than a race to the finish. 1．In what way does the author approach mathematical rules? A．Thinking outside the box. B．Following them strictly. C．Finding them entertaining. D．Recognizing their importance. 2．In the context of tennis players, what does the author mean by “one plus one can be more than two”? A．Tennis players can teach each other new techniques. B．More tennis equipment is needed for each additional player. C．The enjoyment of tennis doubles when more players are involved. D．Two pairs of tennis players can form multiple doubles combinations. 3．What is the purpose of mentioning the jungle gym in paragraph 5? A．To simplify the complexity of mathematical learning. B．To illustrate the value of diverse mathematical approaches. C．To demonstrate that math is only useful in practical applications. D．To argue that a single method is sufficient for understanding math. 4．What does the author hope for the future of mathematics? A．It will become more rule-based. B．It will focus on getting the correct answer. C．It will promote the joy of discovery. D．It will emphasize speed and efficiency. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨数学的本质和价值，作者认为数学不仅仅是关于正确答案，而是关于构建合理的解释和证明。他通过日常生活中的例子说明，有时“一加一”可以等于更多或更少，这取决于具体情境。作者强调了数学的探索性和质疑精神的重要性，认为数学是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案需要被记忆的地方。他还希望人们能够更加重视那些好奇并跟随好奇心进行可能缓慢且没有明确目的地的旅程的人。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them.(然而，我对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由我喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的)”可知，作者对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的。由此推知，作者对数学规则的态度是跳出固有思维。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations.(如果一对网球选手和另一对网球选手一起打一个下午的网球，最后会有不止两对网球选手，因为他们可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛)”可知，作者认为网球选手可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛。由此推知，作者的意思是两对网球选手可以形成多种双打组合产生“一加一可以大于二”的效果。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply.(想象一下，我们为孩子们设计一个丛林游乐场。我们会想尽一切可能的方法来测试它以确保它的安全。我们会想跳上去，从上面荡秋千，从上面掉下来，甚至试图把它从地上拔出来，而不是仅仅相信我们建造得很好。数学的稳固性来自于不想信任事物，而是想要跳跃和摆动，并知道我们的框架会保持稳固。这个框架之所以如此强大，正是因为我们对它进行了深入的质疑)”可知，作者通过提到丛林健身房说明多样化的数学方法的价值。由此推知，在第五段提到丛林健身房的目的是为了说明多样化的数学方法的价值。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them (我希望我们将开始把数学视为一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案固定且我们应该知道它们的地方)”可知，作者希望数学的未来能够促进发现的乐趣。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） I don't realize that I've been at college for nearly one and half year until now. Looking back into the last year, what shall I say? It consisted of both happiness and sadness. Life always goes like this, up and down, as is so exciting. Now when I recall the past, no matter how I felt at that time, they are all treasures for me. That was the moon festival last year, which was also the first time we went out after we entered the college. It was said that the sea in Dalian was well-known and was also a wonderful place to watch the moon. After getting all the food and drinking ready, we four girls set off for the seaside. There were many people and we picked up a less crowded beach. At first, we enjoyed ourselves by drinking and eating. When the moon turned brighter, we played with the seawater. As a result, we were all drenched with water. Bathing in the moonlight, we ran and laughed. We seemed to land on another world, where was full of fresh air, laughter and love. The laughter is still echoing on my mind so far. Life doesn't stay the same, occasionally having a particular taste. That is sadness. What impressed me deeply is a failure in a singing competition. It was the first time I had given a performance on such a large stage in front of so many people. I was so nervous that the whole song was performed out of tune. As you could imagine, I was greeted with boos from the audience. I still remembered how dismal I felt that moment and I sat alone crying at the seaside. After that, I talked to mother about it. She told me that it was not a failure; at least, I was brave enough to show myself publicly. Everything has passed. I’ve stored them at the bottom of my heart. I am in the second grade already. Yet much needs me to challenge. On the way, there's both happiness and distress. However, I will go ahead just all the same. 1．The underlined word ''drenched'' in the second paragraph has a similar meaning with _______. A．dried B．wet C．frozen D．washed away 2．Life, according to the author, is . A．full of happiness B．filled with sadness C．made up of laughter and tears D．not worth living 3．How did the audience feel the author's singing? A．It was wonderful B．It was disappointing C．The passage doesn’t say D．It was perfect 4．Which of the following shows the author's attitude towards future? A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. B．Do wrong once and you’ll never hear the end of it. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述作者经历的两件事情，明白了人生是由快乐和悲伤组成的。无论好与坏，它们都是我们记忆的珍宝。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段的When the moon turned brighter, we played with the seawater. As a result, we were all drenched with water.可知，当月亮更亮时，我们在玩海水。因此，我们都因水而drenched。根据句意，尤其是water可推测划线部分的意思是“湿的”。B. wet(湿的)符合以上说法，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的It consisted of both happiness and sadness. Life always goes like this, up and down, as is so exciting.(作者的大学生活是由快乐和悲伤组成，生活也是如此，起起落落，因此它才如此令人兴奋)可知，作者认为人生是由快乐和悲伤组成的。C. made up of laughter and tears(由欢乐和泪水组成)符合以上说法，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的As you could imagine, I was greeted with boos from the audience.(正如你所想的那样，观众对我报以嘘声)可推测，观众对作者的歌唱感到失望。B. It was disappointing(它是令人失望的)符合以上说法，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Everything has passed. I've stored them at the bottom of my heart. I am in the second grade already. Yet much needs me to challenge. On the way, there's both happiness and distress. However, I will go ahead just all the same.(一切都过去了。我已经把它们珍藏在心底。我已经上二年级了。然而，还有很多需要我去挑战。在这个过程中，有幸福也有痛苦。不过，我会一如既往地勇往直前)可推断，作者对于未来的态度是不管充满了什么挑战，他都会勇往直前。C. Where there is a will, there is a way.(世上无难事，只要肯攀登)符合以上说法，故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） Taking photos of your food and posting them online is becoming more and more popular. However, not everyone thinks it’s a good idea. Food photos are popular on social networking sites. Many of the pictures are of delicious-looking food from top-class restaurants. Some people even find it addictive (上瘾的). “I couldn’t get enough of it. I had to share every single meal,” one food poster wrote. However, not all food photos are so attractive. There are now sites where you can post pictures of terrible-looking food. One such website is saddesklunch.com. Users send pictures of their depressing meals, which include things such as half-eaten bits of chicken and leftover (剩余的) pizza. saddesklunch.com. was created by office worker Kira in 2012. At the time, she was working as a video editor. “I was staring at my rather terrible vegetable soup, which I was eating at my desk, and just thought, I can’t believe I’m eating this soup, let alone eating it alone at my desk’,”she said. Some chefs are trying to stop people photographing food in their restaurants. Gilles runs a three-star restaurant in southern France. He told a news website that every time his food appears on social networks it “takes away the surprise, and a little bit of my intellectual property(知识产权)”. Alexander is the chef at a restaurant. He has included a “no cameras” logo on his menu. “Before, people took pictures of their family in the restaurant; now they take pictures of food... They put them on the Internet, others ‘like’, they respond to comments, and the dish is cold,” he explained. Will you take your camera next time you eat out? 1．What does the underlined word “depressing” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．healthy. B．disappointing. C．tasty. D．satisfying . 2．What’s Gilles’s attitude towards food photography in restaurants? A．He dislikes it. B．He supports it. C．He is interested in it. D．He is uncertain about it. 3．Alexander probably hopes customers in his restaurant can ________. A．take pictures of their food B．just enjoy a delicious meal C．post their food photos online D．comment on the food he cooks 4．The author’s purpose in writing the text is to________. A．educate B．persuade C．discuss D．entertain 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们对于为食物拍照并上传到网上的行为的好恶。 1．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“There are now sites where you can post pictures of terrible-looking food. (现在有了一些网站，你可以在那里发布看起来很难看的食物的图片。)”说明在一些网站人们可以发布很难看、令人不满意的食物图片，从而推知划线词句“Users send pictures of their depressing meals, which include things such as half-eaten bits of chicken and leftover (剩余的) pizza.(用户发送他们depressing饭餐的照片，其中包括吃了一半的鸡肉和剩下的比萨饼。)”其中划线词汇应为“难看的；不如人意的”意思，选项B“令人失望的”与之意义最为接近。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Some chefs are trying to stop people photographing food in their restaurants. Gilles runs a three-star restaurant in southern France. He told a news website that every time his food appears on social networks it ‘takes away the surprise, and a little bit of my intellectual property ’(一些厨师试图阻止人们在餐馆里拍照。Gilles在法国南部经营一家三星级餐厅。他告诉一家新闻网站，每次他的食物出现在社交网络上，都‘带走了惊喜和一点我的知识产权’。)”可以推知，Gilles不喜欢餐馆食品摄影。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Before, people took pictures of their family in the restaurant; now they take pictures of food... They put them on the Internet, others ‘like’, they respond to comments, and the dish is cold.( 以前，人们会在餐厅里给家人拍照；现在他们给食物拍照……他们把这些菜放到网上，其他人点赞，他们回复评论，这样菜都凉了。)”可以推知，Alexander可能希望他的餐厅里的顾客能好好享受一顿美餐，而不要只顾拍照。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Taking photos of your food and posting them online is becoming more and more popular. However, not everyone thinks it’s a good idea. (为你的食物拍照并上传到网上变得越来越流行。然而，并不是每个人都认为这是个好主意。)”和最后一段“Will you take your camera next time you eat out? (下次你出去吃饭时带上相机好吗？)”可以推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了讨论。故选C项。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏吴忠市·期末） If you love eating and drinking for free and are looking to make some pocket money, there's a job in China with your name on it. A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it. Chinese media recently reported on an increasingly popular service on online platform Taobao that's as startling as it is appealing. People can now go online and hire others to consume certain foods and drinks, and ask them to provide video evidence of them eating or drinking the said treats. Fees usually range from two to nine yuan ($0.30 - $1.35) plus the cost of the food. It's not exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone. “Bubble tea drinking" is a particularly popular service, as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them. Advertised as being "fat-free" and "free of queues", those who pay for the service will receive the full experience, which includes a 360-degree video of the drink, photos, and a detailed description. Prices of the service are based on the drink's sweetness level, its price, and popularity. Some clients even require a short written review to be sure that the person they hired actually does what they are supposed to. Sellers explained that most customers buy their "Bubble tea drinking" service maybe because they're trying to shake off desires while they're on a diet. Drinking bubble tea by proxy may help customers avoid high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and other health problems that the sugar-laden drink may cause. So why would anyone pay a total stranger to enjoy a treat rather than consume it themselves? Well, apparently, the online service is so cheap that some people simply do it out of boredom, while others get satisfaction from watching others indulge in their favorite treats. This indulging-by-proxy service（代享受服务）has received a lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams. 1．What kind of people may buy the new type of online service? A．Those who are boring. B．Those who are trying to lose weight. C．Those who love eating and drinking for free. D．Those who are looking to make some pocket money. 2．Which is the reason for many people being willing to be hired for the new job? A．That they can make a fortune. B．That the foods and drinks are cheap. C．That they can consume the treats for free. D．That they can realize their dreams. 3．Why does the author mention "bubble tea drinking" in Paragraph 4? A．To prove that the new type of service online is popular. B．To list an example of the new type of service online C．To show bubble tea is greatly welcome in Asia. D．To promote the new type of service online. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Indulging-by-proxy service online helps lose weight. B．Boredom leads to indulging-by-proxy service online. C．People hold different opinions on indulging-by-proxy service online. D．Indulging-by-proxy service online is getting increasingly popular. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了一种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it.（一种新型的在线服务允许人们雇佣他人来吃或喝他们最喜欢的食物，既可以治愈他们的无聊，也可以满足他们的胃口，而不需要那些通常伴随而来的卡路里。）由此推断出，那些试图减肥的人可能会购买这种新型的在线服务，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段It's not exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone.（这并不是一个快速致富的工作，但有相当一部分人愿意为了免费的款待而去做。）由此可知，许多人愿意接受这份新工作的原因是他们可以免费享用美食，故选C。 3．推理判断题。第四段 “Bubble tea drinking" is a particularly popular service, as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them.的意思是“泡茶喝”是一项特别受欢迎的服务，因为这种耐嚼的木薯球和弹出式饮料最近在亚洲风靡一时，但是也有一些广告是关于愿意吃炸鸡或火锅的人的。由此推断出，作者在第四段中提到“泡茶喝”是举出了一个新的网上服务的例子，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。最后一段This indulging-by-proxy service（代享受服务）has received a lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams.（这种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，一些人把它描述为他们梦想中的工作）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎，故选D。 【点睛】通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题1根据第一段A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it.（一种新型的在线服务允许人们雇佣他人来吃或喝他们最喜欢的食物，既可以治愈他们的无聊，也可以满足他们的胃口，而不需要通常伴随而来的卡路里。）由此推断出，那些试图减肥的人可能会购买这种新型的在线服务，故选B。 主题02 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·甘肃省兰州市·期末） It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 1．Why does the author mention Dr. Johnson’s comment? A．Because Dr. Johnson is famous. B．To show that most people agree with Dr. Johnson. C．Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D．To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 2．According to the passage, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B．There is nothing special about the English weather. C．The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 3．What does the underlined word “draw” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．To explore. B．To attract. C．To ensure. D．To digitise. 4．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To analyse the weather in the UK. B．To explain what English weather-speak is about. C．To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D．To tell people that the English weather is changeable. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。众所周知，英国人见面打招呼都是喜欢谈论天气．为什么英国人喜欢以天气为谈论话题呢？在本文中作者深层分析了其文化根源，这种日常问候的方式即是一种社会纽带。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” (众所周知，任何英语会话都是从天气开始的。这种对天气的痴迷可以在Dr.Johnson的评论中找到表达：“当两个英国人见面时，他们的第一个话题是天气。”)”可知，作者提到Dr.Johnson的评论旨在说明英国人见面总是以谈论天气开始。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.(人们的兴趣不在于现象本身，而在于不确定性。)”可知， Jeremy Paxman认为英国人谈论天气是因为天气的不确定性。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.” The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(然而，杰里米·帕克斯曼不同意布莱森的观点，他认为英国的天气天生就很吸引人。布莱森错了，他说，因为英国人对天气的偏好与自然现象毫无关系，“他们对现象本身的兴趣更少，而是对不确定性的兴趣。”)”可知，英国的天气变化无常，既吸引了英国人，也吸引了外地人。由此可知，draw意为“吸引”，和B项To attract意思接近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。全文从英国人见面招呼最喜欢问天气引入主题，为什么英国人那么喜欢以天气为话题，通过两个常见的错误观点的介绍，继而深层分析其文化根源——日常问候的方式、一种社会纽带。所以本文主要目的是解析英国人的weather-speak到底是关于什么的。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） There are multiple experiences a Westerner can describe as a “culture shock” in China, one of the fastest-growing economies, like eating mouthwatering baozi for breakfast. These experiences, however, paled in comparison to the one I experienced during my time in an organization I’ve been serving in for two years to provide free educational tours at my leisure — the advancement and equalizing of China’s known wealth disparity（差异）through the social network and cashless payment giant（巨头）, WeChat, which I rarely used before. Last month, the organization led a thrilling trip to camp. Initially, we went through a village kept alive by the residents. The views there are so attractive and refreshing. Walking through endless red apple trees, I saw an elderly woman who gently offered to sell me apples. Unfortunately, I informed her I didn’t have cash on hand. She quickly told me to scan the QR code（二维码）on her phone, which in seconds would get my money into her bank account via WeChat. Needless to say, I was blown away. And of course, the apples were tasty. As an advocate of financial growth opportunities in under-served communities, it was inspiring to witness that technology lets people contribute to the economy regardless of socioeconomic background in China. Though the socioeconomic problems remain to some extent, access to and adoption of technology creating financial opportunities transforms the lives of everyday citizens and enables communities to flower. While I once didn’t believe a “cashless society” was possible and thought it could cause more unfavorable conditions, I now stand corrected. Perhaps it might take longer for New York City to adapt, as we lag behind in this transformation and there is so much we can learn. I also wonder what the human race can achieve when technology provides endless opportunities for people of all backgrounds to advance. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us about the author? A．She is struggling with culture shock. B．She really enjoys Chinese breakfast. C．She does voluntary work when free. D．She likes using social networks. 2．Which of the following surprised the author during the trip? A．Scenery of the village. B．Taste of the apples. C．Popularity of WeChat. D．The way of paying. 3．What is the author’s attitude to a cashless society? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Concerned. D．Curious. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Technology helps narrow the wealth gap B．New York will be the next cashless society C．Humans will achieve more with technology D．China becomes the fastest-growing economy 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的一段经历，阐述了科技对中国生活的影响，无论贫富，都可以使用“无现金支付”，科技缩小了贫富差距。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“I’ve been serving in for two years to provide free educational tours at my leisure”可知，作者在空闲时间做志愿者，提供免费的教育之旅。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的She quickly told me to scan the QR code（二维码）on her phone, which in seconds would get my money into her bank account via WeChat. Needless to say, I was blown away.(她很快告诉我扫描她手机上的QR代码（二维码），几秒钟后，我的钱就会通过微信进入她的银行账户。当然，我印象深刻)可知，旅途中，令作者吃惊的是，付款的方式是微信二维码付款。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的While I once didn’t believe a “cashless society” was possible and thought it could cause more unfavorable conditions, I now stand corrected.可知，尽管作者不相信“无现金”的生活的可能性，认为可能会导致更多不利的状况，但是现在作者纠正（错误）。因此推断作者现在支持“无现金”的社会。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的 the advancement and equalizing of China’s known wealth disparity（差异）through the social network and cashless payment giant（巨头）, WeChat, which I rarely used before.(通过社交网络和无现金支付巨头微信(我以前很少使用它),中国众所周知的贫富差距得到了改善和平衡。)可知，作者通过讲述自己的经历，阐述了无线网络和无现金支付——微信改善和平衡了贫富差距。因此推断A项“科技有助于缩小贫富差距”为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏省银川市·期末） You cannot judge a book by looking at its cover! That's what a group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found out this term. When they came to school in September, the students were shocked to learn that their class teacher was to be a P.E. teacher. How could someone who teaches table tennis and basketball know anything about academics? Their parents were equally worried and pressured the school to replace ''Miss Muscle'' with a ''Miss Brain. '' However, the principal(校长) did not give in to the pressure and now the parents and students are happy that the school firmly insisted. After three months, the P.E. teacher, whose name is actually Miss Su, has turned out to be a wonderful class teacher. She is intelligent, kind and helpful. She is a good leader who keeps her students active in their studies and participate in school activities. And she has won the parents over with her real caring for their children. In other words, Miss Su, the P. E. teacher, is ''pretty extraordinary. '' The early negative reaction against Miss Su is an example of bias(偏见). A ''bias'' is wrong in thinking that has an influence on a person's opinions and decisions. For example, in business, tall men are more likely to be bosses. In the United States, anyone who is above 190 centimeters tall can expect to have a higher salary and to get more promotions than his shorter co-workers. Similarly, women have a difficult time climbing the career ladder because their bosses(mostly men!) think that women lack leadership skills and the necessary toughness to make difficult decisions. Neither of these opinions is based on facts or the talents of the individual. They're just bias. 1．What seemed to be the parents' early reaction to Miss Su? A．They were excited. B．They were amazed. C．They were worried. D．They were interested. 2．Why is Miss Su considered to be ''pretty extraordinary''? A．She is an excellent P. E. teacher. B．She was finally removed. C．She really cared about her students. D．The headmaster was proved to be wrong. 3．The examples are given in the last paragraph to show . A．tall men are usually excellent B．people are often judged with bias C．opinions should be based on facts D．women lack leadership skills 4．What's the author's attitude towards the bias? A．Disagreeable. B．Acceptable. C．Careless. D．Curious. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述杭州某中学的家长对体育老师当班主任态度的转变，提出了我们不能“以貌取人”，即不能带着偏见来判断一个人 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的Their parents were equally worried and pressured the school to replace ''Miss Muscle'' with a ''Miss Brain. ''可知孩子的父母很担心，并给学校施压，希望用教文化科目的老师代替教体育的老师。C. They were worried. (他们很担心)符合以上说法，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的And she has won the parents over with her real caring for their children. In other words, Miss Su, the P. E. teacher, is ''pretty extraordinary. '' (她用对孩子们的关爱赢得了家长的信任，换句话说，体育老师Miss Su是一个卓越的老师)可知因为苏老师对孩子的关爱，家长们认为她是一个卓越的老师。C. She really cared about her students. (她很关爱她的学生)符合以上说法，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的For example, in business, tall men are more likely to be bosses. In the United States, anyone who is above 190 centimeters tall can expect to have a higher salary and to get more promotions than his shorter co-workers. Similarly, women have a difficult time climbing the career ladder because their bosses(mostly men!) think that women lack leadership skills and the necessary toughness to make difficult decisions. (例如，在商业中，高个子的男性更有可能成为老板。在美国，任何一个超过190厘米的人,比起那些比他矮的同事都可以期待更高的工资和更高的升职。同样的，女性升职很难，因为老板认为她们缺乏领导力，也没有做出困难决定的韧性)可推测这些例子主要是为了说明人们常常被带着偏见来判断。B. people are often judged with bias (人们常常被带着偏见来判断)符合以上说法，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Neither of these opinions is based on facts or the talents of the individual. They're just bias. (这些观点都不是基于事实或个人的天赋，他们只是偏见)可推测作者不赞成带着偏见判断一个人。A. Disagreeable.(不同意)符合以上说法，故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） The man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans. In an open letter published on Tuesday, Berners-Lee said that the web was used by half the world's population. Berners-Lee said the web had clearly created great opportunities for humans to progress and made life easier for millions of people. Actually, it also has offered opportunities to groups who traditionally cannot hear a new voice in society. However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to carry out crimes (犯罪). “Against the backdrop of news stories about how the web is misused, it's understand able that many people feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a force for good,” he wrote. Berners-Lee created a group called the World Wide Web Foundation. He is looking for help from governments, companies and people to become more involved in shaping the web to do more good for humans. His actual plan is called the “Contract(合同)for the Web”. Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to make sure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. Businesses are asked to keep the Internet prices low so more people can use the web. In addition, companies should respect privacy and develop technologies that aim to put people first. The plan also calls on people to create materials for the web and work with others to make sure that there is rich, quality information for everyone. Besides, people should seek to “ build strong communities that respect personal speech and human equality.” “The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Berners-Lee added, “making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.” 1．What does Berners-Lee think of the World Wide Web? A．It does more harm than good. B．It stops the progress of humans. C．It is his greatest regret. D．It needs improving. 2．What's wrong with the web according to Berners-Lee? A．It is misunderstood by all people. B．It is misused for bad purposes. C．It blocks out a new voice in society. D．It is expensive for half the world's population. 3．What are governments called on to do under the “Contract for the Web”? A．Put technology first. B．Create materials for the web. C．Popularize the Internet. D．Make the Internet free of charge. 4．What should people do with the Internet in Berners-Lee's opinion? A．Be responsible for it. B．Absolutely reject it. C．Completely rely on it. D．Be unconcerned about it. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了在互联网发明30年之际，互联网创始人Berners-Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans.(几十年前发明了万维网的人呼吁进行重大变革，让万维网更好地造福人类)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网需要进行改进提升。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to commit crimes (犯罪).(不过，他补充称，网络也为骗子提供了新的途径犯罪)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网被用于不好的目的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to make sure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. (根据这项协议，各国政府应采取措施，确保所有人都能使用互联网，个人隐私得到尊重)”可知，这项协议呼吁政府普及互联网，让个人隐私得到尊重。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Berners-Lee added, “making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.”(“让互联网变得更好的道路是每个使用它的人的责任，”Bermers-Lee补充说，“做出大的改变并不容易，但最终将是非常值得的。”)”可知，在伯纳斯-李看来，人们应该对互联网负责。故选A。 主题01 人与自我—— 学习与发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Throwing a rock into a calm body of water creates a ripple (涟漪) effect across the calm pond, until those ripples reach the edge of the water. It can be a beautiful experience and it also explains how our actions affect other people. When we display love and kindness to others, the feeling ripples out to people in our inner circle, and the impact of our actions extends out further. The same logic also applies to hate or anger. It is important that we should begin being more thoughtful about our actions and words. Love can reach so many different people, making it a powerful force in the world. Hate has the same effect. The world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to others instead of anger. We can't always control what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute our own ripples into the world. We don't always know the impact that our actions have on others. There will be times when you are angry. Some people may feel a sense of temporary relief when they throw a rock of hate into the world, but that feeling usually changes into shame and anger towards oneself eventually. Hate hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I recommend walking away for a while when you feel angry. Kindness is like perfume (香水). Spreading love and kindness not only has positive effects on others but also on ourselves. You get to enjoy it, and the people around you can enjoy it too. Personally, I feel my best when I help others and I feel my worst when I've made someone upset. When we put kindness into the world, we'll feel thankfulness, sympathy, and understanding. Let my kindness guide my decisions and this allows love and connection to ripple out into the world. It's important that we take care of ourselves when we show love and kindness to others. When we love ourselves, we're then able to love others. And when we let this love and kind- ness guide our decisions, the world will become more beautiful. 1．Why does the author mention the experience of throwing a rock into a pond? A．To teach us how to make big ripples. B．To introduce the topic of this text. C．To see how the ripples spread in water. D．To share an interesting experience. 2．What does the author advise you to do when you are angry? A．Find a place to think over what has happened. B．Talk about your problems with someone else. C．Stop those ripples of anger from spreading. D．Avoid seeing the person making you angry. 3．How is the third paragraph mainly developed? A．By referring to a theory. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving some examples. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Hate usually leads to shame and anger in the end B．Anger has a similar effect on our actions to kindness C．Kindness or anger ripples out to other people nearby D．Love and kindness make the world much more beautiful 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过引用向水面扔石头激起涟漪的事实，进而类比引出生活中同样的行为也会影响到其他人。最终提出爱和善良会变得更美好。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It can be a beautiful experience and it also explains how our actions affect other people.”（它可以是一个美好的经历，也可以解释我们的行为如何影响其他人。）及“The same logic also applies to hate or anger. ”（同样的逻辑也适用于仇恨和愤怒。）可知，这是通过具体的事例：向池塘里扔石子激起涟漪，来说明类似的生活中的行为是可以影响其他人的。所以此处的事例列举是为了引出本文的话题。选项B与文意相符，故选B。 2．推理理解题。根据第二段中“The world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to others instead of anger. We can't always control what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute our own ripples into the world.”（如果我们学会爱他人，善待他人，而不是愤怒，这个世界将会变得更美好。我们不能总是控制别人的所作所为，但我们对自己的所作所为拥有控制权，并为世界贡献自己的影响力。）可推知，当我们有了消极的情绪时，我们应该把自己的情绪控制住，选项C与文意相符，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据本段中“Hate hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I recommend walking away for a while when you feel angry. Kindness is like perfume（香水）. Spreading love and kindness not only has positive effects on others but also on ourselves.”（仇恨会伤害你自己，同时也伤害整个世界。我建议当你生气的时候离开一段时间。善良就像香水。传播爱和善良不仅对他人有积极的影响，对我们自己也有积极的影响。）比较了当你把仇恨和善良传播给周围人的不同影响，所以本段主要是以做比较的手法来发展段落的选项B与文意相符，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文在第一段通过引用向水面扔石头激起涟漪的事实，进而类比引出生活中同样的行为也会影响到其他人。第二段解释说爱和讨厌就是同样的行为结果。第三段利用对比的手法提出传播爱和善良不仅对他人有积极的影响，对我们自己也有积极的影响。你可以享受，你周围的人也可以享受。最后一段说明当我们爱自己的时候，我们就能爱别人。当我们让爱和善良指引我们的决定，世界将变得更加美好。所以本文主要论述了爱和善良会变得更美好。选项D与文意相符，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） My challenge for you is this： to read a book for 15minutes every single day for a month. Let me explain a bit, by telling you where the challenge came from. I have many things in common with my dad, like music taste and sense of humor, but sadly reading isn't one of them. I can happily spend a whole day with a book, but my dad can't read a book for longer than about 5 minutes. He reads emails, websites and papers for work, but not books. He's busy, so I think sitting down to read for just 15minutes a day is a good way to relax and to introduce him to reading. My dad is not the only person who avoids books. I know lots of people would rather relax on their computers or in front of the TV. Everyone is different and has their own interests, but I think there are lots of benefits to reading, which screen﹣based activities don't have. Firstly, it's better for your eyes. Looking at screens can be very stressful for your eye muscles, and clearly you should avoid looking at screens for an hour before bed, to get a good night's sleep． One thing I personally love reading, is being transported to another world﹣I often forget the time or things around me! Reading is a great way to switch off before you go to bed, because you think more about the world of the book, rather than the real world, so you can truly relax. I know you can be transported to a different world in a film or a TV show, but I think books do it better． I also enjoy hearing what people are doing and finding out what they think. Reading gives me the chance to get to know hundreds of new people! It also teaches you to see things from other people's point of view, and understand other people's decisions or opinions. With a book, you can hear everything a character is thinking or feeling﹣you really can be inside someone else's head! So give it a go! Take 15 minutes when you are waking up, going to bed, eating lunch, or having a coffee. If you read a lot, why not try 15 minutes of an English book, or pass the challenge on to someone else? Good luck, and happy reading! 1．The author mentions his father in the text to show　 　． A．his father is busy B．reading is important C．his father likes reading D．many people have no habit of reading 2．The author writes the text mainly basing on　 　． A．his personal experience B．some scientific experiments C．his father's personal advice D．knowledge from books 3．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refers to　 　． A．helping readers sleep well B．making readers feel relaxed C．transporting readers to a different world D．reminding readers of the real world 4．What is the author's attitude to reading？ A．Negative． B．Uncertain． C．Supportive． D．Doubtful． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了我给你的挑战：一个月每天读15分钟的书。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段My dad is by no means the only person who avoids books． I know lots of people would rather relax on their computers or in front of the TV．可知，我父亲绝不是唯一一个不看书的人。我知道有很多人宁愿在电脑或电视机前放松，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段One thing I personally love reading, is being transported to another world﹣I would often forget the time or things around me! 可知，就我个人喜欢读书这件事来说，读书可以转换到另一个世界，我将忘记时间或周围的事情，可知这篇文章的基础是"作者的亲身经历"。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据句意可知，我知道你可以在电影或电视节目中被带到一个不同的世界，但我认为书可以做得更好。所以此处是指读者被带到另一个世界。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者建议大家要每天读书，可见作者是支持大家阅读的。A. Negative. 否定的； B. Uncertain．不确定的； C. Supportive．支持的；D. Doubtful．怀疑的。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期末） "I like your smile, but dislike you put your shoes on my face". A charming way of saying "Keep off the grass". But could you figure it out? Or this: "Wash Clothing Store" for laundry. They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as "people mountain people sea", means extremely crowded, and "give you some color to see see", meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized. Chinglish has been attracting global attention in recent years as China grows rapidly in status on the world stage, attracting both fans and detractors (诽谤者). The Beijing Speaks Foreign Languages Programme and English First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Education, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown Beijing. They argue Chinglish is an embarrassment that we should let it die out at all costs. "It is meaningful to allow the capital to show its most beautiful historical and cultural heritage to the world." said Michael Lu, vice-president of EF Education. He believed signs were very important in public services. "The signs in some old buildings confused foreign visitors." Chinglish, although the target of much criticism, has also won supporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to learn how Chinese people think and express themselves. "Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language," 32-year-old Oliver Radtke said. He had even published a book "Chinglish: Found in Translation," on the subject, 50,000 copies of which have been sold since it was published in 2007. Some Chinese university experts also side with Chinglish. "English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence (出现) of Chinglish again shows the language's liveliness and inclusiveness (包容性), said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University. 1．Why does the author mention the examples in Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2? A．To show the stupid mistakes in Chinglish. B．To introduce the debated topic about Chinglish. C．To tell the readers that Chinglish is widely known and recognized. D．To share the typical Chinglish expressions with the readers. 2．How did Chinglish come into being? A．Chinese people misunderstood the meaning of the new words. B．Chinese people based their English on the native English speakers. C．Chinese people combined English vocabulary with Chinese grammar. D．Chinese people make wide use of English vocabulary with bad spelling. 3．According to Oliver Radtke, Chinglish________. A．shows the Chinese culture B．shows how Chinese people think C．does damage to the English language D．should be sold to all over the world 4．What is Shi Anbin's attitude towards Chinglish? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Positive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了中式英语在中国的发展以及应用，并列举了人们对其不同的看法和理解。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段中举的例子“I like your smile, but dislike you put your shoes on my face(我喜欢你的微笑，但是我不喜欢你用脚踩我的脸)”以及“But could you figure it out?(但是你能理解吗)”以及“Expressions such as “people mountain people sea”, means extremely crowded, and “give you some color to see see”, meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized.(如“人山人海”，意思是非常拥挤，“给你点颜色看看”，意思是惩罚，都是众所周知和公认的)”可知，举这些例子的目的是为了引出关于中式英语的争议话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.(他们都是典型的中式英语，一种英语单词和中国语法的结合)”可知，中国人把英语单词和中国语法结合起来形成了中式英语。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中Oliver Radtke说的话“Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language(很多中式英语标语承载了中国元素并且他们丰富了英语)”可推断，中式英语体现了中国人的思维。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Shi Anbin说的话“English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence (出现) of Chinglish again shows the language's liveliness and inclusiveness (包容性)(英语在发展过程中吸收了法语、西班牙语等其他语言的元素，中式英语的出现再次显示了这门语言的活力和包容性)”可推断，Shi Anbin认为中式英语丰富了英语不应该摒弃，所以其态度是积极的。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity . Others say that competition is bad ; that it sets one person against another ; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people . I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依赖)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills . For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten . However ，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players , they strongly blame competition . Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people . I often observe in them a desire to fail . They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success . By not trying , they always have an excuse : “I may have lost . but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try . “What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot . Such a loss would be a measure of their worth . Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves . Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued . Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition . 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. B．Opinions about competition are different among people C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition 2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts 3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means . A．those who try their best to win B．those who value competition most highly C．those who are against competition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同的观点。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”及全文内容可知，对于竞争，不同的人有不同的观点。故B正确。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段第二行“Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(一些人非常重视它，认为它是社会进步和繁荣的原因)”可知，它推动社会向前发展。故A正确。 3．词义猜测题。根据本句“youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society .(承受来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人。) ”可猜测the most vocal就是指那些遭受巨大竞争压力的人，他们反对竞争，故C正确。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot说明这些人害怕失败，害怕竞争。所有才会有各种各样的逃避竞争的现象，所以我们要把对失败的恐惧从竞争中去除掉。故D正确。 【点睛】本文主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同的观点。有人认为竞争有利于社会进步，有人则认为竞争让人与人之间的关系变得紧张。集中考查了推理题，做此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with praise, he will learn to love himself and will be successful in his own way. Several weeks ago, I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting frustrated, but then it hit me. I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate (准确的) when he stood up. Could he be more intent (专心的) while standing up? This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was a sure way to success. This child would have the discipline (纪律) to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life. Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits (特点) and all you can do is loving and accepting them. As parents, throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders, guiding them and helping them find their way. I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine. We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things. Some way may have worked for me but doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations. There is nothing sweeter than being individual (个人的) and unique (独一无二的). It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own life. 1．At the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him _____. A．pay more attention to his study B．keep silent in the room C．finish his homework on time D．get right answers 2．Inspired by the case of his son, the author began to doubt ________. A．the importance of parents B．the old form of education C．the relationship between kids and their parents D．the good grades of some kids 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is right? A．We should help kids correct their wrong ways. B．Parents should study their kids’ DNA． C．Kids should be taught to behave themselves. D．Parents should love and accept their kids. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Study hard and you’ll be successful B．Be friendly to your children C．Children’s success in their own style D．Parents’ help with their children’s study 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的儿子做作业的方式与作者自己小时学习的方式完全不同，让作者反思以前的教育模式并认同现在的孩子都有自己的学习方式，作为父母亲我们要爱他们并接受他们与我们不同的方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better.可知，作者一直想让儿子坐在桌子旁边把注意力更好地集中在学习上，不要分神。故A项正确。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段后两句I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate (准确的) when he stood up. Could he be more intent (专心的) while standing up?可知，我注意到儿子站起来的时候所做的作业的准确率更高。在根据第三段第一句This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.可知，这让我怀疑我被教育的方式。故B项正确。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits (特点) and all you can do is loving and accepting them.可知，作者认为现在的孩子生来就有自己的特点，作为父母亲能够做的就是爱他们并接受他们。故D项正确。 4．主旨大意题。本文中作者的儿子做作业的方式与作者自己小时学习的方式完全不同，让作者反思以前的教育模式并认同现在的孩子都有自己的学习方式，作为父母亲我们要爱他们并接受他们与我们不同的方式。文章并没有强调努力学习就可以成功，也无关于对孩子友好，与父母帮助孩子学习没有联系。C项Children’s success in their own style(孩子们以自己的方式成功)适合做本文最佳标题。故C项正确。 主题02 人与社会—— 社会现象与责任  Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏石嘴山市·期末）  Advertising actually has a dual(双重的)function: to sell, as well as to inform. If you stop to think of it, advertisements(ads)provide information of almost everything in our household and immediate environment, from shampoo to fuel for cars. An obvious purpose is to inform consumers of new products and services as well as to remind them of established ones. Performance, price, value for money, quality and reliability are some of the main features mentioned in ads. Yet there is another important side of advertising that should not be forgotten: choice. A number of ads for different brands of the same product. e.g. toothpaste, shampoo or washing powder allow the consumer to choose. Choice is an important part of buying.  In this busy day and age, there is little time for comparison shopping.To determine which product is the best to buy, and at the most competitive price, consumers these days rely on advertising in its various forms. This saves time and energy and makes shopping easier. Few can deny that ads benefit the consumer since they encourage healthy competition. When companies compete for the consumer’s dollar, this is good for the purchaser of the product or service. Advertising tends to increase competition since it informs consumers of what is available. One company’s offer will be either matched or bettered by another company in its advertising. It was unheard of ten years ago to buy products directly using a personal computer, but it has become a matter of course for some people to browse(浏览)the Internet, surf until they find an e commerce site and then select the product. Marketing products has been almost turned upside down by new ways of selling and buying. More than at any time in history, the choice of goods is unlimited. The whole world is a customer’s marketplace. For busy people like you and me, advertisements actually do us a favor. 1．What the writer of this passage wants to tell us most is that . A．advertisements benefit busy people in many ways B．advertisements encourage more business competitions C．advertisements provide main features of new products D．selling and informing are two functions of advertising 2．Which is least discussed in the passage as, one of the important sides of advertising? A．To inform consumers of new products and services. B．To provide consumers with chances to choose. C．To increase healthy competition of companies. D．To change the way of selling and buying. 3．The“comparison shopping”refers to the behavior of . A．comparing and buying a product at the lowest price B．comparing and deciding which is the best to buy C．relying on advertising and simplifying shopping D．buying a product at the least competitive price 4．Healthy competition benefits consumers because . A．it helps companies to compete for the market B．it gets companies to improve their services C．it provides them with the best products and services D．it gives them many chances to choose their products 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【分析】本文属于议论文，主要分析了广告对消费者的好处，它可以能够让人们了解新的产品和服务，给人们提供了选择的机会，同时增加了公司直接的健康的竞争关系。 1．目的意图题。根据文章首尾句Advertising actually has a dual(双重的)function: to sell, as well as to inform. For busy people like you and me, advertisements actually do us a favor.可知广告有双重功能：销售和告知。对于忙碌的人来说，广告帮助节省了很多时间，实际上对人们是有好处的。故A项正确。 2．细节理解题。作者在2、3、4三段中分别介绍了广告能够让人们了解新的产品和服务，给人们提供了选择的机会，同时增加了公司直接的健康的竞争关系。在第五段中提到最新的网络购物改变了人们买卖的方法，但这并不是广告的作用。故D项符合题意。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句To determine which product is the best to buy, and at the most competitive price, consumers these days rely on advertising in its various forms.可知通过广告，消费者可以了解不同公司的产品的特点并进行比较，最后做出明智的买卖选择。所以该词表示B项含义。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句When companies compete for the consumer’s dollar, this is good for the purchaser of the product or service.可知公司之间进行健康的竞争时，可以给消费者提供多种机会来选择产品。这对消费者来说是有益的。故D项正确。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省运城市·期末） As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 2．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 3．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”专家们想知道，互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆，以及如何改变我们的记忆？这是本文的中心话题。因此推断，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。故选A。 2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知第一组没有试着记住信息。故选C。 3． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。故选D。 4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省铜川市·期末） We human beings haven’t been good friends to animals. For thousands of years, we have been polluting the environment ,making it hard for animals to live on the planet. We have been killing animals for their fur, feathers or meat, or simply because they are dangerous. As a result, many kinds of animals have disappeared forever. Hundreds more are on the endangered list today. Should we care about animals? Of course we should. If animals of a certain kind all disappear, they will never come back again. Animals are more than just resources of things we need. Every kind of animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying any kind of animal can lead to many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰)，the corn and grain that the farmers stored were destroyed by rats and mice. Why？Because hawks eat rats and mice. With less and less hawks to keep down their numbers, rats and mice multiplied quickly. And if people kill too many birds, the fields will be bothered with insects. It is because birds eat insects. When there are less and less birds, more and more insects will eat the crops. Luckily, we’ve realized that we shouldn’t kill animals any more. And people are working hard to save those animals that would disappear soon. The government also passed laws to protect the endangered animals. In fact, quite a few countries have passed such laws. These laws forbid the killing of any kind of animal on the endangered list. We should try our best to protect and save the endangered animals. 1．Why do people kill animals? A．Animals cause endless trouble. B．They kill animals for something they need. C．Animals destroy their natural balance. D．They kill animals to control their number. 2．The example that farmers killed hawks shows that . A．there are too many rats and mice B．animals are very beautiful and interesting C．animals are good food resources D．every kind of animal is very important in nature 3．What can be learned from this text? A．Killing off one kind of animals would cause some new problems. B．The endangered animals should be kept away from people. C．People cared much about animals because they relied on them. D．The number of dangerous animals increased too fast in the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of endangered animals? A．Doubtful B．Uncaring C．Optimistic D．Negative 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了动物与人类的关系，地球上的动物已经越来越少，号召大家一起来拯救动物。 1．细节理解题。由第一段“We have been killing animals for their fur, feathers or meat”可知，我们为了动物的皮毛、羽毛或肉而猎杀它们。所以为什么人们要捕杀动物是因为他们捕杀动物是为了获取他们所需要的东西。故B选项。 2．推理判断题。由第二段“Every kind of animal has its place in the balance of nature.”可知，每种动物都在自然的平衡中都占有一席之地。所以农民杀死老鹰的例子表明每种动物在自然界中都很重要。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由第二段“Destroying any kind of animal can lead to many problems.”可知，杀死任何一种动物都会导致很多问题。所以从短文中我们能学到杀死一种动物会引起一些新的问题。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由最后一段“Luckily, we’ve realized that we shouldn’t kill animals any more. And people are working hard to save those animals that would disappear soon. The government also passed laws to protect the endangered animals. In fact, quite a few countries have passed such law”可知，幸运的是，我们意识到我们不应该再杀动物了。人们正在努力拯救那些很快就会灭绝的动物。政府还通过了保护濒危动物的法律。事实上，很多国家都通过了这样的法律。所以通过关键词“Luckily，shouldn’t kill animals，save，protect, passed such law”可以判断出，作者对濒危动物的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。 【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 由最后段“Luckily, we’ve realized that we shouldn’t kill animals any more. And people are working hard to save those animals that would disappear soon. The government also passed laws to protect the endangered animals. In fact, quite a few countries have passed such law”可知，幸运的是，我们意识到我们不应该再杀动物了。人们正在努力拯救那些很快就会灭绝的动物。政府还通过了保护濒危动物的法律。事实上，很多国家都通过了这样的法律。所以通过关键词“Luckily，shouldn’t kill animals，save，protect, passed such law”可以判断出，作者对濒危动物的未来持乐观态度。故小题4选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） “Your playful days are over,” my brother said to me when he knew I was going to be a Senior One student. Then he continued telling me that senior school life was boring because I had to do a large amount of homework every day. The subjects were much more difficult than those of junior school. I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart. However, I was surprised to find what I experienced there was completely different from what my brother had told me. The teachers gave excellent lessons in their own special way. They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博) and they not only explained the contents of textbooks but also provided extra information from other sources. Every word they said in classes made me so excited and interested that I had a strong desire to take in as much as I could. In fact, my playful days were not over at all in senior school. There were many kinds of activities I could take part in. For example, sports meetings, the art festival, English corner, outing and so on. Best of all, generally, students organized the activities rather than teachers. Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills. I've become mature (成熟的). I am not a kid any more. Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life”. 1．How did the writer feel when he started his senior high school? A．Very excited. B．A little worried. C．Quite relaxed. D．Embarrassed. 2．What was the writer's general impression of his teachers? A．Strict and organized. B．Modest and hardworking. C．Learned and easy going. D．Helpful and kind-hearted. 3．What has the writer learned by joining in different after-class activities? A．Reading and writing skills. B．The understanding of textbooks C．Leadership and social skills. D．Doing housework. 4．What can you learn from the last paragraph? A．His senior school life is the most memorable. B．Senior school life was boring and tiring. C．He will no longer believe in his brother. D．The writer did well in all his subjects. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议类文章。作者主要回忆他的高中生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart.”（带着紧张的心情我迈进校园。）可知，作者开始他的高中生活的时候有点紧张。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博)”（他们用自然公平的方式和我说话，好像我是个大人了。他们所有人都是如此学识渊博。）可知，作者对老师的总体看法是他们有学识、好相处。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills.”（在这个过程中，我提升了我的领导能力和交流技能。）可知，作者通过参加课外活动提升了他的领导能力和社交能力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life””（现在，如果有人问我，在你长大的过程中哪一部分印象最深刻。那么答案绝对是“高中生活”。）可知，作者的高中生活让他印象最深。故选A项。 试卷第34页，共42页 试卷第35页，共42页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 1．What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A．Efficient public transport. B．Strong interaction between people. C．Uniform style of buildings. D．A comparatively large population. 2．Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A．Local residents. B．Government officials. C．City planners. D．Construction workers. 3．How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A．Lined with plants. B．Painted with clear signs. C．Tightly connected. D．Convenient for the old. 4．According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A．pride B．comfort C．security D．urgency Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） Last week was Sports Day at my daughter's school.She was part of the Yellow House.She had to wear yellow and race for points.The Yellow House won.I was really pleased for my daughter because last year the Green House won.In fact，when the winning house was announced last year，many little faces turned sour.There were many tears and children were bitter because they had lost. Losing is never fun.From a young age children know that winning is the best result.As parents，we can talk to children about the importance of everyone having a chance to win; we can teach our children to be happy for their friends when a friend wins. As children grow older they will be exposed to more and more competition.It is important that we teach our children to learn to “bounce back” from losses，to experience loss in a positive way and to keep on going even when they don't achieve the desired outcome. By teaching children how to be resilient(适应性强的)，we can prepare them for adult life in the future.Our children can learn to compete for fun and learn how to bounce back from life's failures and disappointments. We can talk to our children about competition.We can teach by examples and show our kids that losing a game or failing a test is not the end.Losing is simply a chance to try again and a chance to become more successful. Raising emotionally healthy children is very important for the future generation and by teaching our children the above principles we can help them to overcome the difficulties of life and they will learn to compete in healthy ways throughout their lives. 1．In the first paragraph，the author intends to ． A．describe the sports event B．introduce the topic of the text C．show the cruelty of competition D．make a comparison between winners and losers 2．What kind of instruction will the author give to his children? A．You are allowed to fail. B．Winning is the best result. C．Competition is not healthy. D．You should try your best to win. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Preparing children for future life. B．Raising emotionally healthy children. C．Teaching children to face failure bravely. D．Teaching children about healthy competition. 4．In which column of a newspaper is the text likely to appear? A．Health. B．Education. C．Science. D．Entertainment. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is “It just does!” Math can seem like a world of rules you just have to follow, which makes it seem rigid and boring. Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. If you and your friend both have enough cash to buy one cup of coffee, then together you still might have enough to buy three. If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations. Sometimes, one plus one is just one, like if you put a pile of sand on top of another pile of sand, then you just get on c pile of sand. Or, as an art student of mine pointed out, if you mix one color with one color, you get one color. Actually, Math isn't really about getting the right answer. It's about building good justifications. I often hear parents complaining if children can do something one way, why do they need to know all these other ways? Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply. I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them. And I hope we will place more emphasis on those who are curious, and who follow their curiosity on a journey that may be slow and without a clear destination, a quiet walk through the countryside rather than a race to the finish. 1．In what way does the author approach mathematical rules? A．Thinking outside the box. B．Following them strictly. C．Finding them entertaining. D．Recognizing their importance. 2．In the context of tennis players, what does the author mean by “one plus one can be more than two”? A．Tennis players can teach each other new techniques. B．More tennis equipment is needed for each additional player. C．The enjoyment of tennis doubles when more players are involved. D．Two pairs of tennis players can form multiple doubles combinations. 3．What is the purpose of mentioning the jungle gym in paragraph 5? A．To simplify the complexity of mathematical learning. B．To illustrate the value of diverse mathematical approaches. C．To demonstrate that math is only useful in practical applications. D．To argue that a single method is sufficient for understanding math. 4．What does the author hope for the future of mathematics? A．It will become more rule-based. B．It will focus on getting the correct answer. C．It will promote the joy of discovery. D．It will emphasize speed and efficiency. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） I don't realize that I've been at college for nearly one and half year until now. Looking back into the last year, what shall I say? It consisted of both happiness and sadness. Life always goes like this, up and down, as is so exciting. Now when I recall the past, no matter how I felt at that time, they are all treasures for me. That was the moon festival last year, which was also the first time we went out after we entered the college. It was said that the sea in Dalian was well-known and was also a wonderful place to watch the moon. After getting all the food and drinking ready, we four girls set off for the seaside. There were many people and we picked up a less crowded beach. At first, we enjoyed ourselves by drinking and eating. When the moon turned brighter, we played with the seawater. As a result, we were all drenched with water. Bathing in the moonlight, we ran and laughed. We seemed to land on another world, where was full of fresh air, laughter and love. The laughter is still echoing on my mind so far. Life doesn't stay the same, occasionally having a particular taste. That is sadness. What impressed me deeply is a failure in a singing competition. It was the first time I had given a performance on such a large stage in front of so many people. I was so nervous that the whole song was performed out of tune. As you could imagine, I was greeted with boos from the audience. I still remembered how dismal I felt that moment and I sat alone crying at the seaside. After that, I talked to mother about it. She told me that it was not a failure; at least, I was brave enough to show myself publicly. Everything has passed. I’ve stored them at the bottom of my heart. I am in the second grade already. Yet much needs me to challenge. On the way, there's both happiness and distress. However, I will go ahead just all the same. 1．The underlined word ''drenched'' in the second paragraph has a similar meaning with _______. A．dried B．wet C．frozen D．washed away 2．Life, according to the author, is . A．full of happiness B．filled with sadness C．made up of laughter and tears D．not worth living 3．How did the audience feel the author's singing? A．It was wonderful B．It was disappointing C．The passage doesn’t say D．It was perfect 4．Which of the following shows the author's attitude towards future? A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. B．Do wrong once and you’ll never hear the end of it. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．Time and tide wait for no man. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） Taking photos of your food and posting them online is becoming more and more popular. However, not everyone thinks it’s a good idea. Food photos are popular on social networking sites. Many of the pictures are of delicious-looking food from top-class restaurants. Some people even find it addictive (上瘾的). “I couldn’t get enough of it. I had to share every single meal,” one food poster wrote. However, not all food photos are so attractive. There are now sites where you can post pictures of terrible-looking food. One such website is saddesklunch.com. Users send pictures of their depressing meals, which include things such as half-eaten bits of chicken and leftover (剩余的) pizza. saddesklunch.com. was created by office worker Kira in 2012. At the time, she was working as a video editor. “I was staring at my rather terrible vegetable soup, which I was eating at my desk, and just thought, I can’t believe I’m eating this soup, let alone eating it alone at my desk’,”she said. Some chefs are trying to stop people photographing food in their restaurants. Gilles runs a three-star restaurant in southern France. He told a news website that every time his food appears on social networks it “takes away the surprise, and a little bit of my intellectual property(知识产权)”. Alexander is the chef at a restaurant. He has included a “no cameras” logo on his menu. “Before, people took pictures of their family in the restaurant; now they take pictures of food... They put them on the Internet, others ‘like’, they respond to comments, and the dish is cold,” he explained. Will you take your camera next time you eat out? 1．What does the underlined word “depressing” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．healthy. B．disappointing. C．tasty. D．satisfying . 2．What’s Gilles’s attitude towards food photography in restaurants? A．He dislikes it. B．He supports it. C．He is interested in it. D．He is uncertain about it. 3．Alexander probably hopes customers in his restaurant can ________. A．take pictures of their food B．just enjoy a delicious meal C．post their food photos online D．comment on the food he cooks 4．The author’s purpose in writing the text is to________. A．educate B．persuade C．discuss D．entertain Passage 6 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏吴忠市·期末） If you love eating and drinking for free and are looking to make some pocket money, there's a job in China with your name on it. A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it. Chinese media recently reported on an increasingly popular service on online platform Taobao that's as startling as it is appealing. People can now go online and hire others to consume certain foods and drinks, and ask them to provide video evidence of them eating or drinking the said treats. Fees usually range from two to nine yuan ($0.30 - $1.35) plus the cost of the food. It's not exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone. “Bubble tea drinking" is a particularly popular service, as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them. Advertised as being "fat-free" and "free of queues", those who pay for the service will receive the full experience, which includes a 360-degree video of the drink, photos, and a detailed description. Prices of the service are based on the drink's sweetness level, its price, and popularity. Some clients even require a short written review to be sure that the person they hired actually does what they are supposed to. Sellers explained that most customers buy their "Bubble tea drinking" service maybe because they're trying to shake off desires while they're on a diet. Drinking bubble tea by proxy may help customers avoid high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and other health problems that the sugar-laden drink may cause. So why would anyone pay a total stranger to enjoy a treat rather than consume it themselves? Well, apparently, the online service is so cheap that some people simply do it out of boredom, while others get satisfaction from watching others indulge in their favorite treats. This indulging-by-proxy service（代享受服务）has received a lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams. 1．What kind of people may buy the new type of online service? A．Those who are boring. B．Those who are trying to lose weight. C．Those who love eating and drinking for free. D．Those who are looking to make some pocket money. 2．Which is the reason for many people being willing to be hired for the new job? A．That they can make a fortune. B．That the foods and drinks are cheap. C．That they can consume the treats for free. D．That they can realize their dreams. 3．Why does the author mention "bubble tea drinking" in Paragraph 4? A．To prove that the new type of service online is popular. B．To list an example of the new type of service online C．To show bubble tea is greatly welcome in Asia. D．To promote the new type of service online. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Indulging-by-proxy service online helps lose weight. B．Boredom leads to indulging-by-proxy service online. C．People hold different opinions on indulging-by-proxy service online. D．Indulging-by-proxy service online is getting increasingly popular. 主题02 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·甘肃省兰州市·期末） It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 1．Why does the author mention Dr. Johnson’s comment? A．Because Dr. Johnson is famous. B．To show that most people agree with Dr. Johnson. C．Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D．To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 2．According to the passage, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B．There is nothing special about the English weather. C．The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 3．What does the underlined word “draw” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．To explore. B．To attract. C．To ensure. D．To digitise. 4．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To analyse the weather in the UK. B．To explain what English weather-speak is about. C．To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D．To tell people that the English weather is changeable. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） There are multiple experiences a Westerner can describe as a “culture shock” in China, one of the fastest-growing economies, like eating mouthwatering baozi for breakfast. These experiences, however, paled in comparison to the one I experienced during my time in an organization I’ve been serving in for two years to provide free educational tours at my leisure — the advancement and equalizing of China’s known wealth disparity（差异）through the social network and cashless payment giant（巨头）, WeChat, which I rarely used before. Last month, the organization led a thrilling trip to camp. Initially, we went through a village kept alive by the residents. The views there are so attractive and refreshing. Walking through endless red apple trees, I saw an elderly woman who gently offered to sell me apples. Unfortunately, I informed her I didn’t have cash on hand. She quickly told me to scan the QR code（二维码）on her phone, which in seconds would get my money into her bank account via WeChat. Needless to say, I was blown away. And of course, the apples were tasty. As an advocate of financial growth opportunities in under-served communities, it was inspiring to witness that technology lets people contribute to the economy regardless of socioeconomic background in China. Though the socioeconomic problems remain to some extent, access to and adoption of technology creating financial opportunities transforms the lives of everyday citizens and enables communities to flower. While I once didn’t believe a “cashless society” was possible and thought it could cause more unfavorable conditions, I now stand corrected. Perhaps it might take longer for New York City to adapt, as we lag behind in this transformation and there is so much we can learn. I also wonder what the human race can achieve when technology provides endless opportunities for people of all backgrounds to advance. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us about the author? A．She is struggling with culture shock. B．She really enjoys Chinese breakfast. C．She does voluntary work when free. D．She likes using social networks. 2．Which of the following surprised the author during the trip? A．Scenery of the village. B．Taste of the apples. C．Popularity of WeChat. D．The way of paying. 3．What is the author’s attitude to a cashless society? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Concerned. D．Curious. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Technology helps narrow the wealth gap B．New York will be the next cashless society C．Humans will achieve more with technology D．China becomes the fastest-growing economy Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏省银川市·期末） You cannot judge a book by looking at its cover! That's what a group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found out this term. When they came to school in September, the students were shocked to learn that their class teacher was to be a P.E. teacher. How could someone who teaches table tennis and basketball know anything about academics? Their parents were equally worried and pressured the school to replace ''Miss Muscle'' with a ''Miss Brain. '' However, the principal(校长) did not give in to the pressure and now the parents and students are happy that the school firmly insisted. After three months, the P.E. teacher, whose name is actually Miss Su, has turned out to be a wonderful class teacher. She is intelligent, kind and helpful. She is a good leader who keeps her students active in their studies and participate in school activities. And she has won the parents over with her real caring for their children. In other words, Miss Su, the P. E. teacher, is ''pretty extraordinary. '' The early negative reaction against Miss Su is an example of bias(偏见). A ''bias'' is wrong in thinking that has an influence on a person's opinions and decisions. For example, in business, tall men are more likely to be bosses. In the United States, anyone who is above 190 centimeters tall can expect to have a higher salary and to get more promotions than his shorter co-workers. Similarly, women have a difficult time climbing the career ladder because their bosses(mostly men!) think that women lack leadership skills and the necessary toughness to make difficult decisions. Neither of these opinions is based on facts or the talents of the individual. They're just bias. 1．What seemed to be the parents' early reaction to Miss Su? A．They were excited. B．They were amazed. C．They were worried. D．They were interested. 2．Why is Miss Su considered to be ''pretty extraordinary''? A．She is an excellent P. E. teacher. B．She was finally removed. C．She really cared about her students. D．The headmaster was proved to be wrong. 3．The examples are given in the last paragraph to show . A．tall men are usually excellent B．people are often judged with bias C．opinions should be based on facts D．women lack leadership skills 4．What's the author's attitude towards the bias? A．Disagreeable. B．Acceptable. C．Careless. D．Curious. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） The man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans. In an open letter published on Tuesday, Berners-Lee said that the web was used by half the world's population. Berners-Lee said the web had clearly created great opportunities for humans to progress and made life easier for millions of people. Actually, it also has offered opportunities to groups who traditionally cannot hear a new voice in society. However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to carry out crimes (犯罪). “Against the backdrop of news stories about how the web is misused, it's understand able that many people feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a force for good,” he wrote. Berners-Lee created a group called the World Wide Web Foundation. He is looking for help from governments, companies and people to become more involved in shaping the web to do more good for humans. His actual plan is called the “Contract(合同)for the Web”. Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to make sure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. Businesses are asked to keep the Internet prices low so more people can use the web. In addition, companies should respect privacy and develop technologies that aim to put people first. The plan also calls on people to create materials for the web and work with others to make sure that there is rich, quality information for everyone. Besides, people should seek to “ build strong communities that respect personal speech and human equality.” “The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Berners-Lee added, “making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.” 1．What does Berners-Lee think of the World Wide Web? A．It does more harm than good. B．It stops the progress of humans. C．It is his greatest regret. D．It needs improving. 2．What's wrong with the web according to Berners-Lee? A．It is misunderstood by all people. B．It is misused for bad purposes. C．It blocks out a new voice in society. D．It is expensive for half the world's population. 3．What are governments called on to do under the “Contract for the Web”? A．Put technology first. B．Create materials for the web. C．Popularize the Internet. D．Make the Internet free of charge. 4．What should people do with the Internet in Berners-Lee's opinion? A．Be responsible for it. B．Absolutely reject it. C．Completely rely on it. D．Be unconcerned about it. 主题01 人与自我—— 学习与发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Throwing a rock into a calm body of water creates a ripple (涟漪) effect across the calm pond, until those ripples reach the edge of the water. It can be a beautiful experience and it also explains how our actions affect other people. When we display love and kindness to others, the feeling ripples out to people in our inner circle, and the impact of our actions extends out further. The same logic also applies to hate or anger. It is important that we should begin being more thoughtful about our actions and words. Love can reach so many different people, making it a powerful force in the world. Hate has the same effect. The world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to others instead of anger. We can't always control what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute our own ripples into the world. We don't always know the impact that our actions have on others. There will be times when you are angry. Some people may feel a sense of temporary relief when they throw a rock of hate into the world, but that feeling usually changes into shame and anger towards oneself eventually. Hate hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I recommend walking away for a while when you feel angry. Kindness is like perfume (香水). Spreading love and kindness not only has positive effects on others but also on ourselves. You get to enjoy it, and the people around you can enjoy it too. Personally, I feel my best when I help others and I feel my worst when I've made someone upset. When we put kindness into the world, we'll feel thankfulness, sympathy, and understanding. Let my kindness guide my decisions and this allows love and connection to ripple out into the world. It's important that we take care of ourselves when we show love and kindness to others. When we love ourselves, we're then able to love others. And when we let this love and kind- ness guide our decisions, the world will become more beautiful. 1．Why does the author mention the experience of throwing a rock into a pond? A．To teach us how to make big ripples. B．To introduce the topic of this text. C．To see how the ripples spread in water. D．To share an interesting experience. 2．What does the author advise you to do when you are angry? A．Find a place to think over what has happened. B．Talk about your problems with someone else. C．Stop those ripples of anger from spreading. D．Avoid seeing the person making you angry. 3．How is the third paragraph mainly developed? A．By referring to a theory. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving some examples. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Hate usually leads to shame and anger in the end B．Anger has a similar effect on our actions to kindness C．Kindness or anger ripples out to other people nearby D．Love and kindness make the world much more beautiful Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） My challenge for you is this： to read a book for 15minutes every single day for a month. Let me explain a bit, by telling you where the challenge came from. I have many things in common with my dad, like music taste and sense of humor, but sadly reading isn't one of them. I can happily spend a whole day with a book, but my dad can't read a book for longer than about 5 minutes. He reads emails, websites and papers for work, but not books. He's busy, so I think sitting down to read for just 15minutes a day is a good way to relax and to introduce him to reading. My dad is not the only person who avoids books. I know lots of people would rather relax on their computers or in front of the TV. Everyone is different and has their own interests, but I think there are lots of benefits to reading, which screen﹣based activities don't have. Firstly, it's better for your eyes. Looking at screens can be very stressful for your eye muscles, and clearly you should avoid looking at screens for an hour before bed, to get a good night's sleep． One thing I personally love reading, is being transported to another world﹣I often forget the time or things around me! Reading is a great way to switch off before you go to bed, because you think more about the world of the book, rather than the real world, so you can truly relax. I know you can be transported to a different world in a film or a TV show, but I think books do it better． I also enjoy hearing what people are doing and finding out what they think. Reading gives me the chance to get to know hundreds of new people! It also teaches you to see things from other people's point of view, and understand other people's decisions or opinions. With a book, you can hear everything a character is thinking or feeling﹣you really can be inside someone else's head! So give it a go! Take 15 minutes when you are waking up, going to bed, eating lunch, or having a coffee. If you read a lot, why not try 15 minutes of an English book, or pass the challenge on to someone else? Good luck, and happy reading! 1．The author mentions his father in the text to show　 　． A．his father is busy B．reading is important C．his father likes reading D．many people have no habit of reading 2．The author writes the text mainly basing on　 　． A．his personal experience B．some scientific experiments C．his father's personal advice D．knowledge from books 3．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refers to　 　． A．helping readers sleep well B．making readers feel relaxed C．transporting readers to a different world D．reminding readers of the real world 4．What is the author's attitude to reading？ A．Negative． B．Uncertain． C．Supportive． D．Doubtful． Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省渭南市·期末） "I like your smile, but dislike you put your shoes on my face". A charming way of saying "Keep off the grass". But could you figure it out? Or this: "Wash Clothing Store" for laundry. They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as "people mountain people sea", means extremely crowded, and "give you some color to see see", meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized. Chinglish has been attracting global attention in recent years as China grows rapidly in status on the world stage, attracting both fans and detractors (诽谤者). The Beijing Speaks Foreign Languages Programme and English First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Education, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown Beijing. They argue Chinglish is an embarrassment that we should let it die out at all costs. "It is meaningful to allow the capital to show its most beautiful historical and cultural heritage to the world." said Michael Lu, vice-president of EF Education. He believed signs were very important in public services. "The signs in some old buildings confused foreign visitors." Chinglish, although the target of much criticism, has also won supporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to learn how Chinese people think and express themselves. "Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language," 32-year-old Oliver Radtke said. He had even published a book "Chinglish: Found in Translation," on the subject, 50,000 copies of which have been sold since it was published in 2007. Some Chinese university experts also side with Chinglish. "English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence (出现) of Chinglish again shows the language's liveliness and inclusiveness (包容性), said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University. 1．Why does the author mention the examples in Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2? A．To show the stupid mistakes in Chinglish. B．To introduce the debated topic about Chinglish. C．To tell the readers that Chinglish is widely known and recognized. D．To share the typical Chinglish expressions with the readers. 2．How did Chinglish come into being? A．Chinese people misunderstood the meaning of the new words. B．Chinese people based their English on the native English speakers. C．Chinese people combined English vocabulary with Chinese grammar. D．Chinese people make wide use of English vocabulary with bad spelling. 3．According to Oliver Radtke, Chinglish________. A．shows the Chinese culture B．shows how Chinese people think C．does damage to the English language D．should be sold to all over the world 4．What is Shi Anbin's attitude towards Chinglish? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Positive. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity . Others say that competition is bad ; that it sets one person against another ; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people . I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依赖)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills . For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten . However ，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players , they strongly blame competition . Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people . I often observe in them a desire to fail . They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success . By not trying , they always have an excuse : “I may have lost . but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try . “What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot . Such a loss would be a measure of their worth . Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves . Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued . Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition . 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. B．Opinions about competition are different among people C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition 2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts 3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means . A．those who try their best to win B．those who value competition most highly C．those who are against competition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with praise, he will learn to love himself and will be successful in his own way. Several weeks ago, I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting frustrated, but then it hit me. I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate (准确的) when he stood up. Could he be more intent (专心的) while standing up? This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was a sure way to success. This child would have the discipline (纪律) to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life. Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits (特点) and all you can do is loving and accepting them. As parents, throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders, guiding them and helping them find their way. I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine. We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things. Some way may have worked for me but doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations. There is nothing sweeter than being individual (个人的) and unique (独一无二的). It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own life. 1．At the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him _____. A．pay more attention to his study B．keep silent in the room C．finish his homework on time D．get right answers 2．Inspired by the case of his son, the author began to doubt ________. A．the importance of parents B．the old form of education C．the relationship between kids and their parents D．the good grades of some kids 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is right? A．We should help kids correct their wrong ways. B．Parents should study their kids’ DNA． C．Kids should be taught to behave themselves. D．Parents should love and accept their kids. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Study hard and you’ll be successful B．Be friendly to your children C．Children’s success in their own style D．Parents’ help with their children’s study 主题02 人与社会—— 社会现象与责任  Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏石嘴山市·期末）  Advertising actually has a dual(双重的)function: to sell, as well as to inform. If you stop to think of it, advertisements(ads)provide information of almost everything in our household and immediate environment, from shampoo to fuel for cars. An obvious purpose is to inform consumers of new products and services as well as to remind them of established ones. Performance, price, value for money, quality and reliability are some of the main features mentioned in ads. Yet there is another important side of advertising that should not be forgotten: choice. A number of ads for different brands of the same product. e.g. toothpaste, shampoo or washing powder allow the consumer to choose. Choice is an important part of buying.  In this busy day and age, there is little time for comparison shopping.To determine which product is the best to buy, and at the most competitive price, consumers these days rely on advertising in its various forms. This saves time and energy and makes shopping easier. Few can deny that ads benefit the consumer since they encourage healthy competition. When companies compete for the consumer’s dollar, this is good for the purchaser of the product or service. Advertising tends to increase competition since it informs consumers of what is available. One company’s offer will be either matched or bettered by another company in its advertising. It was unheard of ten years ago to buy products directly using a personal computer, but it has become a matter of course for some people to browse(浏览)the Internet, surf until they find an e commerce site and then select the product. Marketing products has been almost turned upside down by new ways of selling and buying. More than at any time in history, the choice of goods is unlimited. The whole world is a customer’s marketplace. For busy people like you and me, advertisements actually do us a favor. 1．What the writer of this passage wants to tell us most is that . A．advertisements benefit busy people in many ways B．advertisements encourage more business competitions C．advertisements provide main features of new products D．selling and informing are two functions of advertising 2．Which is least discussed in the passage as, one of the important sides of advertising? A．To inform consumers of new products and services. B．To provide consumers with chances to choose. C．To increase healthy competition of companies. D．To change the way of selling and buying. 3．The“comparison shopping”refers to the behavior of . A．comparing and buying a product at the lowest price B．comparing and deciding which is the best to buy C．relying on advertising and simplifying shopping D．buying a product at the least competitive price 4．Healthy competition benefits consumers because . A．it helps companies to compete for the market B．it gets companies to improve their services C．it provides them with the best products and services D．it gives them many chances to choose their products Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省运城市·期末） As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 2．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 3．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省铜川市·期末） We human beings haven’t been good friends to animals. For thousands of years, we have been polluting the environment ,making it hard for animals to live on the planet. We have been killing animals for their fur, feathers or meat, or simply because they are dangerous. As a result, many kinds of animals have disappeared forever. Hundreds more are on the endangered list today. Should we care about animals? Of course we should. If animals of a certain kind all disappear, they will never come back again. Animals are more than just resources of things we need. Every kind of animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying any kind of animal can lead to many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰)，the corn and grain that the farmers stored were destroyed by rats and mice. Why？Because hawks eat rats and mice. With less and less hawks to keep down their numbers, rats and mice multiplied quickly. And if people kill too many birds, the fields will be bothered with insects. It is because birds eat insects. When there are less and less birds, more and more insects will eat the crops. Luckily, we’ve realized that we shouldn’t kill animals any more. And people are working hard to save those animals that would disappear soon. The government also passed laws to protect the endangered animals. In fact, quite a few countries have passed such laws. These laws forbid the killing of any kind of animal on the endangered list. We should try our best to protect and save the endangered animals. 1．Why do people kill animals? A．Animals cause endless trouble. B．They kill animals for something they need. C．Animals destroy their natural balance. D．They kill animals to control their number. 2．The example that farmers killed hawks shows that . A．there are too many rats and mice B．animals are very beautiful and interesting C．animals are good food resources D．every kind of animal is very important in nature 3．What can be learned from this text? A．Killing off one kind of animals would cause some new problems. B．The endangered animals should be kept away from people. C．People cared much about animals because they relied on them. D．The number of dangerous animals increased too fast in the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of endangered animals? A．Doubtful B．Uncaring C．Optimistic D．Negative Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） “Your playful days are over,” my brother said to me when he knew I was going to be a Senior One student. Then he continued telling me that senior school life was boring because I had to do a large amount of homework every day. The subjects were much more difficult than those of junior school. I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart. However, I was surprised to find what I experienced there was completely different from what my brother had told me. The teachers gave excellent lessons in their own special way. They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博) and they not only explained the contents of textbooks but also provided extra information from other sources. Every word they said in classes made me so excited and interested that I had a strong desire to take in as much as I could. In fact, my playful days were not over at all in senior school. There were many kinds of activities I could take part in. For example, sports meetings, the art festival, English corner, outing and so on. Best of all, generally, students organized the activities rather than teachers. Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills. I've become mature (成熟的). I am not a kid any more. Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life”. 1．How did the writer feel when he started his senior high school? A．Very excited. B．A little worried. C．Quite relaxed. D．Embarrassed. 2．What was the writer's general impression of his teachers? A．Strict and organized. B．Modest and hardworking. C．Learned and easy going. D．Helpful and kind-hearted. 3．What has the writer learned by joining in different after-class activities? A．Reading and writing skills. B．The understanding of textbooks C．Leadership and social skills. D．Doing housework. 4．What can you learn from the last paragraph? A．His senior school life is the most memorable. B．Senior school life was boring and tiring. C．He will no longer believe in his brother. D．The writer did well in all his subjects. 试卷第24页，共25页 试卷第25页，共25页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $