专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川宜宾叙州第二中学校・期末） Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a mistake in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Mental stress should be reduced. B．Sport should be made less competitive. C．Stress should be made less. D．Sport can be mentally challenging. 2．According to the passage, young people like sport because ________ . A．it can help them learn more about society B．it enables them to criticize themselves C．it can provide them with valuable experiences D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Parents and coaches should enable children to enjoy sport. B．Parents and coaches should help children to win every game. C．Parents and coaches should train children to deal with stress. D．Parents and coaches should understand the meaning of sport. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout. B．To persuade young children not to worry about criticism. C．To stress the importance of encouraging children. D．To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川成都石室中学・期末） The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发) of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance. There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier. But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits—the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders—equal health and genetic well-being. Not everyone thinks the same way. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin, but is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures. For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder (观看者). 5．People’s ideas about beauty__________. A．can be easily described B．are based upon strict criteria C．have existed since ancient times D．have little influence on a person’s success 6．In Paragraph 3,the babies in the study__________. A．were rated for their appearance B．showed a preference for women with larger eyes C．were shown photos of a group of college students D．were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones 7．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up B．the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches C．the search for beauty is the power to motivate the beholder D．the understanding of beauty is rooted in cultural backgrounds 8．What can probably be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Beauty B．The Mystery of Beauty C．The Standards for Beauty D．The Attitudes toward Beauty Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川成都十县市・期末） To battle the plagiarism (抄袭), some schools in America have responded to ChatGPT by taking action, according to the New York Times. New York City public schools, for example, recently prevented ChatGPT access on school computers and networks, saying “concerns about negative influence on students learning, and concerns about the safety of content.” Schools in other cities, including Seattle, have also limited its use. A US’ online course provider Study. com recently asked 1, 000 students over the age of 18 about the use of ChatGPT in the classroom. The responses were surprising. Around 89 percent said they’ve used it on homework. Over 50 percent said they used ChatGPT to write an essay, while 22 percent admitted to having asked ChatGPT for a paper outline. While the chatbot (聊天机器人) is raising fears of academic cheating on schools, some educators believe introducing the Al-ended tools to the academics could even overturn the traditional education. “For researchers, finding valuable scientific problems and solving them in creative ways come first, and then writing academic papers. Some AI-enabled writing tools can create words or even write long text based on a few keywords shortly,” said Zhu Wei, a law professor in China. For example, ChatGPT helps writers gather writing materials for their papers, which not only increases the efficiency of the work, but also allows researchers to devote more energy to more creative work. “Whether to use ChatGPT depends on whether to use it correctly. For those students who just use it to deal with homework or exams,” Zhu said, “this is putting the cart before the horse, which should be limited.” To avoid this problem, Zhu suggested introducing soft wares to help educators. He believes schools should accept ChatGPT as a teaching aid to unlock creativity in students. “The most important part of such tools is not to replace human thinking, but to improve human thinking.” Zhu said. 9．How does the author describe the results of Study. com’s research in Paragraph 3? A．By listing figures. B．By conducting tests. C．By giving examples. D．By referring to other studies. 10．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about AI-ended tools? A．AI-ended tools help increase productivity. B．AI-ended tools help scientists settle problems. C．AI-ended tools help people in academic. D．AI-ended tools help writers collect writing materials. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the usage of ChatGPT? A．Disagreeable. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned. 12．What may the author talk about in the following paragraph? A．Showing how software is applied in schools. B．Giving examples of how students use ChatGPT. C．Listing advantages of using AI-ended tools properly in schools. D．Introducing ways to use ChatGPT to improve students’ creativity. Passage 4 （23-24 高一上・四川攀枝花・期末） Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they express regret, lost chances, mistakes, and disappointment. My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take another minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “another minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something small like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a table, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (粘贴衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table. I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone a chance to say “I love you” or “I forgive (原谅) you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up a chance to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all. I know there will still be times when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is certainly better because of my rule of doing everything possible to avoid that possibility. And even though it takes another minute to do something right, or it sometimes takes an hour or two in my busy timetable to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for avoiding saying “if only”. 13．Why does the writer regard “if only” as two of the saddest words in the English language? A．Because people use them when they feel sad. B．Because they mean sadness in the English language. C．Because they mean regrets and disappointment in life. D．Because they make the writer think of some sad experiences. 14．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3? A．given up. B．looked for. C．waited for. D．made use of. 15．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to    . A．see a doctor B．finish her work C．join a celebration D．create a chance to see her father 16．What is the best title for the passage? A．Advice from My Father B．The “Another Minute” Rule C．Avoidance of saying “If Only” D．The Saddest Words in English Passage 5 （23-24 高一上・四川第二中学・期末） When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well. This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stop on for success. 17．According to the passage, winners . A．deal with problems rather than blame others B．meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C．have responsible and able colleagues D．blame themselves rather that others 18．When your colleague brings about a problem, you should . A．ask a more able colleague for help B．blame him for his lack of responsibility C．tell him to find the cause of the problem D．find a better way to handle the problem 19．When problems occur, winners take them as . A．excuses for their failures B．barriers to greater power C．challenges to their colleagues D．chances for self-development 20．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Winner’s Problem. B．A Winner’s Secret. C．A Winner’s Opportunity. D．A Winner’s Achievement. Passage 6 （23-24 高一上・四川宜宾・期末） A pen has always been an important tool when we are taking exams. However, in the digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past. Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead. The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained (抱怨) that students’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The fall in writing clearly depends on laptops in lessons and elsewhere. As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being forced to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to their teachers. However, some criticized (批评) the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert, asked Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lessons”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better. The move also draws the attention of Harvard professor Eric Mazur. He believes that the rise of mobile internet use means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to remember anything. So he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. With them, students can “look up whatever they want, whenever they want” and be tested on their productive skills, rather than the ability of memory. 21．Why is Cambridge University considering ending written exams? A．Because students’ handwriting is too poor. B．Because we are already in the digital age. C．Because traditional tools are out of date. D．Because writing on laptops is faster. 22．What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph refer to? A．Bringing mobile phones into exams. B．Students’ returning to university. C．The rise of mobile internet use. D．The end of written exams. 23．What is Tracey Trussells’ attitude to students’ writing by hand? A．Unfavorable. B．Uncaring. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 24．Which is true according to Professor Eric Mazur? A．Mobile internet use is bad. B．Students should write by hand. C．The ability of memory is important. D．Students can use mobile phones in exams. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川凉山州・期末） Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day, they are: (1)green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2)citrus(柑桔)fruits and tomatoes; (3)potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4)meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5)milk and foods made from milk; (6)bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7)butter, or something like butter. People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned(罐装的)or frozen(冷冻的). It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day. There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy. 1．According to the scientists, which of the following is the healthiest for your lunch? A．Chicken, apples, cereal and cabbages. B．Potatoes, carrots, rice and bread. C．Oranges, bananas, fish and tomatoes. D．Beef, pork, fish and milk, 2．People in different countries and different places of the world_________. A．have the right kinds of food to eat B．cook their food in the same way C．have their meals at the same time D．eat food in different ways 3．Which of the following is not true? A．People in some places don’t have enough to eat. B．There are too many people in the world. C．One of the problems is that no one is hungry. D．The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy. 4．If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about? A．What to do with the two problems. B．When people eat their lunch. C．How to cook food in different ways. D．Why people eat different kinds of food. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川宜宾第四中学校・期末） It would not be an overstatement to say that salt is one of the greatest discoveries in the history of mankind. Just imagine how tasteless our food would have been had salt not been discovered. Apart, from adding flavor to our food, it is also an essential ingredient for the health of both man as well as animals, provided it is taken in the right quantities. Salt is also used by the food processing and meat packing industries as a seasoning or preservative ingredient. Salt has always been helpful in the building of communities and societies, as man normally built his settlements around the sources of salt. At one point of time, salt was also used as a currency. Today, there are many countries around the world that are working hard to extract (提炼) salt so that we can enjoy our food to the fullest. Some of these are producing enough salt to satisfy the requirement of the entire world, while others are producing just enough to support their own people. According to the British Geological Survey, China is the top salt producer in the world. The United States of America occupies the second position, and India, finishing a distant third. Other countries that, made it among the top ten salt producing nations’ list were Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Chile, France and the Netherlands. Countries that produced more than 1 million tonnes of salt in 2017 included Peru, Bangladesh, Thailand, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, Poland, and the United Kingdom, to name a few. Ranked at the bottom of the list were the African nations of Mauritania and Djibouti. So, the next time you take your meal and add a pinch of salt to make it more delicious, do share a thought for the numerous salt workers around the world due to whom our food tastes so perfect. 5．What do we know from the first paragraph? A．Man will die without salt. B．The more salt, the better food. C．Salt intake should be proper. D．Salt is an optional ingredient. 6．What does the underlined word “these” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries. B．Settlements. C．Sources. D．Communities. 7．Where does Mexico rank in salt production in the world? A．Fifth. B．Sixth. C．Seventh. D．Eighth. 8．What is the author’s attitude toward those who produce salt? A．Regretful. B．Grateful. C．Doubtful. D．Faithful. Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川广安第二中学校・期末） Wouldn’t it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recent Wall Street journal article, technology policy expert A lec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language. It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy (准确) of the data loaded into computers make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part of a translator’s job”. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore, we should doubt whether a machine is able to translate the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and translation meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. 9．What does the underlined word “imminent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready. B．Coming. C．Helpful. D．Advanced. 10．Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent (同义词)? A．Their data is not adequate (充足的) enough. B．The real meaning of words can change. C．Their accuracy needs big improvement. D．A soul hasn’t been breathed into them. 11．What view does the author hold about translation? A．Proper translation can be difficult for humans. B．Slight difference mean little in translation. C．Some machines will translate our world properly. D．Cultures deserve more attention than words used. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．A new language translating machine B．Translation will become easier C．Who Will Be a Better Translator D．Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川宜宾第四中学校・期末） America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 13．The writer of this passage must be________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 14．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ? A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time. C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time. 15．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________. A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant 16．What is the best title for this passage ? A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship Passage 5 （23-24 高一上・四川成都罗江中学校・期末） I presented a group project to my classmates. The first question asked was, “What words do you associate with rural education?” Some of the responses were positive.  Others accurately portrayed a few of the negatives like “isolated” and “underfunded.” But I was surprised that some used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” (乡巴佬).  Previously, I felt proud of myself as a  student from rural West Virginia. But at that  moment, my pride sank. For a place that claims to welcome all, the Brown University  has actually left its rural students feeling looked down upon. For a while, I never mentioned where I called home unless it was absolutely necessary. By the third month of my first year, I was prepared to transfer out of Brown and finish college at a school where I would be surrounded by people like me, people from rural communities. Then I realized that this response was just the one that my tormentors expected. Now I have decided to fight back. We need to change. But this deeply-rooted culture won’t change on its own. The University and its non-rural students can’t and won’t do it. So it is up to us, the rural students, to make a difference. So rural students, talk with your long, drawn-out accent, defend your hometown of hard-working people and condemn (谴责) the ignorance that attempts to deny your personhood. We must uplift other rural students in their academic and professional careers. We must be the ones to support each other. What we need is a club for that exact purpose. A rural students’ collective is the formal meeting place that we need and deserve. In an institution where rural students feel lost and deserted, we will soon find a common ground for each other. For the non-rural students and faculty wondering how to support us, don’t stick to your stereotypes (刻板印象) that rural students are dumb, ignorant and unintelligent. On the contrary, we are valuable, deserving and hard-working individuals. Brown’s faculty and students should welcome and embrace our contributions. 17．How did the writer feel after presenting the group project? A．Frustrated. B．Proud. C．Angry. D．Confused. 18．What group of students does the underlined word “tormentors” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Those who come from rural West Virginia. B．Those who are determined to make a change. C．Those who used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” in their remarks. D．Those who associated rural education with “isolated” and “underfunded” . 19．How does the writer think rural students should fight back? A．They should turn to the college authority for help. B．They should unite and reach out to assist each other. C．They need to set up a special club for all the students. D．They are supposed to avoid speaking with their local accent. 20．What message does the writer want to convey? A．Positive attitudes contribute to a harmonious college. B．Discrimination is a common phenomenon in Virginia. C．Rural students in Brown are valuable and deserve respect. D．The Brown University badly needs to adjust its moral education. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川广安友谊中学・期末） When you encounter animals, do you wonder what they’re thinking? Seeing a newborn lamb or a cute puppy might arouse happy emotions in us, but what are they thinking? Does the look on their face and the way they behave indicate how they’re feeling — or are they feeling nothing at all? Humans have a range of emotions, but it’s hard to tell what’s going on inside the heads of animals, mainly because they can’t express their feelings. Perhaps it’s pets we think we understand most — as they are the animals we spend a lot of time with and therefore get to know best. Some of us own dogs because they are good companions, are loyal and seem to connect with us. We might even think they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. Professor Kim Bard, an expert from the University of Portsmouth, told the BBC: “We have a few studies now that actually show scientifically that some dogs will respond with concern when their owner — but not a stranger — pretends to cry.” Other wild animals might have feelings too. Giraffes and whales, for example, are known to experience grief when someone in their group dies. Farm animals we often eat, such as cows and chickens, are also believed to experience pain, joy and other emotions. It’s believed even tiny creatures like insects might have emotions as well. It does seem all creatures feel emotion, but what is not clear is do they feel the same way as us. If we understand the depths of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses (屠宰场) around the world, and rethink those systems. 1．What’s the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1? A．To raise a question. B．To make a comparison. C．To bring in the topic. D．To present an argument. 2．Why does the author think the animals we understand most are our pets? A．Because they are the animals we love most. B．Because they are good companions and are loyal to us. C．Because they are the animals we usually stay with. D．Because they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. 3．What does the underlined word “grief” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Happiness. B．Sadness. C．Excitement. D．Panic. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川内江・期末） Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏)of our environment.Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals..., these problems seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive. But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world? I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟)which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more Every year when the time comes for migration (迁徙), a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but ,since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped. Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be--thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once! A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying,others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems. 5．Where would you most probably read this passage? A．A guidebook. B．A movie poster. C．An animal magazine. D．A personal blog 6．Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores? A．There are only cloth bags in stores. B．All the people use cloth bags in stores. C．He thinks plastic bags are more expensive. D．He wants to do some good to the environment. 7．What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Fantastic. C．Terrible D．Surprising 8．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A．To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos. B．To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference. C．To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers. D．To show that there’re many problems in the world. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川凉山州・期末） If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch a performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d travel far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds. The possibility of time travel is indeed attractive. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best-known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and many comic book adaptations. It contributes to the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally referred to a vehicle transporting people into the far future. But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks (裂缝) in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts (捷径) to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme conditions. And Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship, going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship wouldn’t of course be simple. Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time? And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then travels 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacle (触角). If that’s what’s in store (即将到来), maybe we are better just living in the present day after all. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The stories of time travel have only been popular in recent years. B．The “time machine” is a vehicle transporting people to everywhere. C．The Time Machine by Wells has been adapted into different forms. D．Some scientists generally believe time travel is physically possible. 2．What do some scientists advise using for time travel theoretically? A．Blackholes. B．Wormholes. C．Ordinary spaceships. D．Extreme conditions. 3．What does “grandfather paradox” in paragraph 4 indicate? A．The reunion of the time traveler and his grandfather brings happiness. B．The time traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather. C．The grandfather’s death makes the time traveler’s birth impossible. D．The time traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards time travel based on the passage? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川遂宁・期末） Many companies have advertised a feature in their newer phones that lets users use AI as a recipe generator (生成器) assistant. With AI-generated recipes, casual cooks may risk a terrible meal or a life-threatening situation. Last year, Forbes reported that one AI recipe generator produced a recipe for “aromatic (芳香的) water mix”. The recipe actually produced deadly chlorine gas. For food bloggers and recipe developers, this technology can threaten their livelihood. Sarah and Kaitlin Leung are sisters who set up The Woks of Life, a food blog focused on sharing “recipes, kitchen exploits, and travels”. After an idea is formed, they will test a recipe up to 40times. “These companies are taking content created by real people to train their AI models, and then competing directly with those same people. So it’s a huge sort of existential threat,” Sarah says. Andrew Olson, a software engineer who develops recipes for his food blog, One Ingredient Chef, sees it differently. “So much of recipe development is getting inspiration from other recipes,” he says. “They’re not reproducing it word for word.” On his website, users can input a list of ingredients to generate a recipe that looks just like one from a cookbook. Each recipe even includes a headnote with a sense-based description of the final product and suggestions for when and where to serve each dish. Advanced versions of the software even generate images of what the recipe’s final product could look like. “I think food bloggers could use AI to be more creative, to come up with new ideas,” he says. “But I don’t think the technology is there to the point where you can have an entirely AI-generated blog, although that would be a cool concept. Maybe someone should try it and see how it goes.” Olson adds. 5．What problem can AI recipe generators cause? A．Higher costs of phones. B．Accidents in cooking. C．Threat to recipe companies. D．Unemployment of assistants. 6．What is Sarah’s attitude towards AI-generated recipes? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Favourable. D．Objective. 7．What does One Ingredient Chef feature? A．It tests its recipes up to 40 times. B．It sends a real cookbook to users. C．It gives suggestions on a healthy dish. D．It produces the final product’s pictures. 8．What do Olson’s words imply in the last paragraph? A．AI should be banned from generating recipes. B．AI recipe generators can replace food bloggers. C．Entirely AI-generated recipes are widely available. D．The use of AI technology needs further development. Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学） The interplay between literature and scientific research has been evident throughout history. At a surface level, literature often anticipates future scientific developments, and science, in turn, provides a rich source of inspiration for literary creation. However, the interaction between these two goes beyond mere creativity; it invites deeper thoughts on the ethical (道德的) and philosophical impacts of technological advancements. For instance, science fiction works like Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot play a direct role in shaping and inspiring the development of artificial intelligence (AI). This book pictures a future where robots coexist with humans and are governed by the “Three Laws of Robotics”. These laws not only influence the real-world AI research but also become a cornerstone in the debate surrounding AI ethics. These fictional laws provide more than just a blueprint for scientists; they serve as a bridge, making complex technological issues easier for the public to grasp. Yet, the influence of literature on science extends even further. Take Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem as an example. The scientists in this fiction are not merely pioneers of scientific breakthroughs — they also represent the difficult choices and inner conflicts that humanity faces. Through their struggles, Liu presents a profound question: As science pushes us into new territory, are we truly prepared to bear the responsibility for the unforeseen impacts of technological advancements in the future? The true value of literature in relation to science is its ability to stir the pot. It not only question what we can achieve through science but also whether we should pursue these achievements. While science focuses on problem-solving and innovation, literature makes us consider the broader influence on nature and society, ensuring our progress is guided by wisdom, understanding, and humanity. 9．What do we know about I, Robot? A．It instructs scientists in detail. B．It boosts research on bridges. C．It facilitates public access to science. D．It sets laws for robots in the real world. 10．Why does the author mention The Three-Body Problem? A．To point out the complexity of science. B．To warn about the dangers of technology. C．To show literature’s moral concerns about science. D．To suggest literature’s direct influence on innovation. 11．What do the underlined words “stir the pot” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Explore and explain. B．Challenge and reflect. C．Assume and examine. D．Educate and entertain. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Science: the Blueprint of Literature B．Science: a Whisper in Literature’s Ear C．Literature: a Critical Insight into Science D．Literature: the Gateway to Scientific Ideas Passage 4 （23-24 高一上・四川凉山州西昌市・期末） Editor’s note: An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours. Dinah (China) I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals. As long as it is meaningful for me, I will celebrate it with my boyfriend, and my parents! I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere. SharkMinnow (Canada) Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese. Also, spending money = good for economy. Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money). Travis (UK) As an Englishman teaching here in China for two years, my friends have got used to, and enjoy when I celebrate my festivals. My school also likes it as well, although this year they asked me not to scare the teachers so much on Halloween. My Chinese friends enjoy taking part in my festivals, as they also learn more about my culture, and the history that goes with it… Leesinchina (US) Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days — first, because they have absolutely nothing to do with traditional Chinese culture. Second, they are a big trick by the big stores to get more money out of you. Stick to your own festivals — they actually mean something to you — rather than following western customs for no good reason. 13．What matters most according to Dinah? A．The atmosphere when celebrating festivals. B．The people with whom to celebrate festivals. C．Celebrating Chinese festivals with her family. D．Celebrating Western festivals in a good atmosphere. 14．What’s the attitude of readers 2 and 4 towards celebrating Western festivals? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 15．Which can be the best topic for this text? A．How should we celebrate festivals? B．Should we celebrate foreign festivals? C．Why are more young people celebrating foreign festivals? D．Are more Chinese people willing to celebrate foreign festivals? 16．In which of the following can this text be originally found? A．A newspaper. B．A debate. C．A website. D．A text book. Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山东坡区・期末） In Chinese cities, people in yellow or blue suits riding e-bikes are easy to see. They rush between traffic from restaurants to homes and businesses, regardless of wind or rain. They are food deliverymen. Although they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them. “The food deliverymen are trapped in the app," says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion. It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm （算法），which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators. Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer. Besides, the time limit has been gradually shortened in recent years. Delay could mean a reduce in pay so deliverymen speed up, often breaking traffic rules and putting people’s lives at risk. Many people criticized the platforms and asked them to improve the regulations applied to the deliverymen. In response, on Sept 9, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, which allows customers to prolong the time limit for their order, and encouraged customers to show more respect for deliverymen. But this created more heated debate, as some felt the company was dodging the problem and distracting attention. They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves. Also, even with the ability to allow more time for delivery, it may not fully address the issue. "If I give them five more minutes, they would not use it to ride slowly or obey the traffic rules. They would simply take one more order. This is not the ultimate cure to solve the problem.” Actually it would be better to improve the platform’s system and the delivery mechanism. Besides, market regulatory departments should prohibit companies from setting tight schedules for their deliverymen and keep them safe on the roads. 17．According to the passage, what can we know about the food deliverymen? A．The algorithm offers them practical choices of time and routes. B．They have difficulty in meeting the time limit requirement. C．They seldom wear uniforms when they are working. D．They had even shorter delivery time limit in the past. 18．What does the word “dodging" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Solving. B．Avoiding. C．Creating. D．Transforming. 19．What do people think of “adding a button to the app”? A．The company is sparing no effort to address the problem. B．The approach might be the best solution to the problem. C．More potential problems are certain to be brought about. D．Customers shouldn’t take responsibility for the problem. 20．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A．No Deadlines for Deliverymen B．Deliverymen Break the Rules C．Lightening Deliverymen’s Load D．Shortening the Delivery Time 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川成都罗江中学校・期末） Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient — to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小) by greater needs: the need to protect from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance the public interest. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation? Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide (自杀). But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception (欺骗). Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.” 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition. B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness. C．Whether different studies should be carried on. D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients. 2．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____. A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment C．tell him to shorten the family vacation D．advise him to cancel the family vacation 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest. B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly. C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases. D．Many patients don’t want to know the truth, especially about serious illness. 4．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is ____. A．supportive B．indifferent C．opposed D．neutral Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川眉山仁寿龙正中学、清水中学・期末） America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 5．The writer of this passage must be________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 6．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ? A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time. C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time. 7．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________. A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant 8．What is the best title for this passage ? A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川凉山州宁南中学・期末） Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence(证据) shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject(排斥) older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. 9．In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. D．They regard eating as a key part of their life style. 10．This passage talks about the relationship between _______. A．Americans and the French. B．children and adults. C．life style and obesity. D．fast food and overweight. 11．This text is mainly developed by_______. A．making comparisons B．following space order C．analyzing cause and effect D．following time order 12．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV interview. B．A food advertisement. C．A health report. D．A book review. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川成都天府新区・期末） It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything. I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six­-year­old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey. He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches hit his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site. Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, and lift its head with great effort to accept the water cupped in my beautiful boy’s hands. I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. 1．Why did the author follow her son? A．Because she was very curious. B．Because her son was doing a good deed. C．Because there might be danger. D．Because she also intended to help them. 2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text? A．Rain was in desperate need at that time. B．Billy carried water with his small hands. C．There were few trees in the woods. D．Billy walked into the woods again and again. 3．What quality did Billy mainly show in this story? A．Enthusiasm. B．Care. C．Curiosity. D．Shyness . 4．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence? A．She was moved to tears. B．She was sad about the deer. C．God rewarded us with rainfall. D．God was crying. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安广安区等 3 地・期末） Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic (宇宙的) void (空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless.The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 5．What does the author suggest about the“temptation” in paragraph 2? A．It reflects humanity’s fear of cosmic emptiness. B．It strengthens people’s scientific curiosity about the void. C．It leads people to understate Earth’s unique qualities. D．It comes from the universe’s coldness to human existence. 6．Why does the author reject the temptation? A．He is a cosmologist who believes science. B．Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C．Human experiences differ from those in voids. D．Earth’s small size and short life makes it unique. 7．What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A．To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B．To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C．To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D．To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Cosmic Voids: A Scientist’s Technical Analysis B．Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C．Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D．The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川宜宾叙州第二中学校・期末） Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a mistake in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Mental stress should be reduced. B．Sport should be made less competitive. C．Stress should be made less. D．Sport can be mentally challenging. 2．According to the passage, young people like sport because ________ . A．it can help them learn more about society B．it enables them to criticize themselves C．it can provide them with valuable experiences D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Parents and coaches should enable children to enjoy sport. B．Parents and coaches should help children to win every game. C．Parents and coaches should train children to deal with stress. D．Parents and coaches should understand the meaning of sport. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout. B．To persuade young children not to worry about criticism. C．To stress the importance of encouraging children. D．To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.(运动不仅是对身体的挑战，也可以是对精神的挑战。来自教练、父母和其他队友的批评，以及获胜的压力会给年轻运动员带来过多的焦虑或压力。压力可以是身体上的、情感上的或心理上的，研究表明它会导致精疲力竭。精疲力竭被描述为放弃或放弃一项曾经很享受的活动)”可知，第一段主要讲的是体育运动对精神的挑战。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.(体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历)”可知，年轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.(在如今的青少年体育环境中，年轻运动员可能更担心谁会赢，而不是享受自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺)”可推知，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体育活动。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.(积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川成都石室中学・期末） The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发) of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance. There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier. But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits—the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders—equal health and genetic well-being. Not everyone thinks the same way. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin, but is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures. For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder (观看者). 5．People’s ideas about beauty__________. A．can be easily described B．are based upon strict criteria C．have existed since ancient times D．have little influence on a person’s success 6．In Paragraph 3,the babies in the study__________. A．were rated for their appearance B．showed a preference for women with larger eyes C．were shown photos of a group of college students D．were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones 7．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up B．the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches C．the search for beauty is the power to motivate the beholder D．the understanding of beauty is rooted in cultural backgrounds 8．What can probably be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Beauty B．The Mystery of Beauty C．The Standards for Beauty D．The Attitudes toward Beauty 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过埃及和法国的例子引出“美”的定义究竟是什么。并且通过一系列的研究表明婴儿对外貌也有着自己的想法，男人和女人也更加偏向健康和能够遗传健康的外貌。但美丽也并不总是单一、统一的标准，在不同的人眼中，美的标准也是不一样的。 5．细节理解题。第一段第一句提到“The search for beauty spans centuries and continents.”文章提到人们对美的寻找跨越了几个世纪。由此判断，人们花了很长的时间去追寻美，即从古时候就开始追求美。故选C。 6．细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到“In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. ”在这项研究中，婴儿会花更多的时间看有吸引力的面孔，而不是没有吸引力的面孔。由此判断婴儿能够区分一张面孔是否有吸引力。故选D。 7．推理判断题。第四段第二句提到“In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips…”研究中表示男性一直表现出对某种外形的女性的偏爱，由此判断美的标准并不会随着人成长而不同。故A项错误。第三段第一句提到“But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly” 很难描述清楚美的标准究竟是什么，由此判断美的标准并不是建立在科学研究的基础之上的。故B项错误。最后一段最后一句提到“Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder”美在旁观者的眼里，而不是激励旁观者寻求美的力量。故C项错误。倒数第二段第二句提到“What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another.” 在一种文化中，被认为有吸引力的因素可能并不在另一种文化中。同时该段还提到西方时尚杂志中女性的身形并不一定适合全世界的女性。由此判断对于美的认识是根植于不同文化中的。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。解析文章结构可知，本文为议论文。在第一段中由埃及和法国的例子引出人们对美的追求这一现象。在第二、三、四段中介绍了婴儿、男性、女性对美的判断。第五段中提出美在不同文化中的不同标准，最后一段美并不是单一、统一的这一事实。综上段落内容解析，文章讲述了美的奥秘。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川成都十县市・期末） To battle the plagiarism (抄袭), some schools in America have responded to ChatGPT by taking action, according to the New York Times. New York City public schools, for example, recently prevented ChatGPT access on school computers and networks, saying “concerns about negative influence on students learning, and concerns about the safety of content.” Schools in other cities, including Seattle, have also limited its use. A US’ online course provider Study. com recently asked 1, 000 students over the age of 18 about the use of ChatGPT in the classroom. The responses were surprising. Around 89 percent said they’ve used it on homework. Over 50 percent said they used ChatGPT to write an essay, while 22 percent admitted to having asked ChatGPT for a paper outline. While the chatbot (聊天机器人) is raising fears of academic cheating on schools, some educators believe introducing the Al-ended tools to the academics could even overturn the traditional education. “For researchers, finding valuable scientific problems and solving them in creative ways come first, and then writing academic papers. Some AI-enabled writing tools can create words or even write long text based on a few keywords shortly,” said Zhu Wei, a law professor in China. For example, ChatGPT helps writers gather writing materials for their papers, which not only increases the efficiency of the work, but also allows researchers to devote more energy to more creative work. “Whether to use ChatGPT depends on whether to use it correctly. For those students who just use it to deal with homework or exams,” Zhu said, “this is putting the cart before the horse, which should be limited.” To avoid this problem, Zhu suggested introducing soft wares to help educators. He believes schools should accept ChatGPT as a teaching aid to unlock creativity in students. “The most important part of such tools is not to replace human thinking, but to improve human thinking.” Zhu said. 9．How does the author describe the results of Study. com’s research in Paragraph 3? A．By listing figures. B．By conducting tests. C．By giving examples. D．By referring to other studies. 10．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about AI-ended tools? A．AI-ended tools help increase productivity. B．AI-ended tools help scientists settle problems. C．AI-ended tools help people in academic. D．AI-ended tools help writers collect writing materials. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the usage of ChatGPT? A．Disagreeable. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned. 12．What may the author talk about in the following paragraph? A．Showing how software is applied in schools. B．Giving examples of how students use ChatGPT. C．Listing advantages of using AI-ended tools properly in schools. D．Introducing ways to use ChatGPT to improve students’ creativity. 【答案】9．A 10．A 11．C 12．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。据《纽约时报》报道，为了打击抄袭行为，美国的一些学校对ChatGPT进行了严厉打击。文章介绍了对ChatGPT的几种不同观点。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A US’ online course provider Study. com recently asked 1,000 students over the age of 18 about the use of ChatGPT in the classroom. (美国在线课程提供商Study.com最近询问了1000名年龄在18岁以上的学生关于在课堂上使用ChatGPT的情况)”以及“Around 89 percent said they’ve used it on homework. Over 50 percent said they used ChatGPT to write an essay, while 22 percent admitted to having asked ChatGPT for a paper outline.(大约89%的学生表示他们在做作业时使用过ChatGPT。超过50%的学生表示他们使用ChatGPT来写作文，而22%的学生承认曾向ChatGPT寻求论文提纲)”可推知，本段主要通过列举数字的方式来阐述调研结果。故选A。 10．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Some AI-enabled writing tools can create words or even write long text based on a few keywords shortly,(一些支持人工智能的写作工具可以根据几个关键词创建单词，甚至写出长文本)”以及“For example, ChatGPT helps writers gather writing materials for their papers, which not only increases the efficiency of the work, but also allows researchers to devote more energy to more creative work.(例如，ChatGPT可以帮助作者收集论文的写作材料，这不仅提高了工作效率，而且可以让研究人员将更多的精力投入到更有创造性的工作中)”可知，该段提到AI-enabled写作工具可以帮助作家收集写作材料，提高工作效率，使研究人员能够将更多精力投入到更有创造力的工作中。这表明AI-ended工具能够帮助人们提高工作效率。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For example, ChatGPT helps writers gather writing materials for their papers, which not only increases the efficiency of the work, but also allows researchers to devote more energy to more creative work.(例如，ChatGPT可以帮助作者收集论文的写作材料，这不仅提高了工作效率，而且可以让研究人员将更多的精力投入到更有创造性的工作中)”以及最后一段中“To avoid this problem, Zhu suggested introducing soft wares to help educators. (为了避免这个问题，朱建议引入软件来帮助教育工作者)”可知，对于ChatGPT的使用作者描述了朱教授的观点，即该软件能提高工作效率，同时也需要引用其他软件来避免使用该软件作弊等相关的问题。由此推知，作者对ChatGPT的态度是客观的。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He believes schools should accept ChatGPT as a teaching aid to unlock creativity in students. “The most important part of such tools is not to replace human thinking, but to improve human thinking.” Zhu said.(他认为，学校应该接受ChatGPT作为一种教学辅助工具，以释放学生的创造力。“这些工具最重要的部分不是取代人类的思维，而是改善人类的思维。”朱说)”可知，最后一段朱教授提出建议校应该接受ChatGPT作为一种教学辅助工具，以释放学生的创造力。由此推知，文章之后的内容应该承接该话题，即如何使用ChatGPT作为一种激发学生们创造力的工具。故选D。 Passage 4 （23-24 高一上・四川攀枝花・期末） Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they express regret, lost chances, mistakes, and disappointment. My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take another minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “another minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something small like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a table, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (粘贴衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table. I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone a chance to say “I love you” or “I forgive (原谅) you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up a chance to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all. I know there will still be times when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is certainly better because of my rule of doing everything possible to avoid that possibility. And even though it takes another minute to do something right, or it sometimes takes an hour or two in my busy timetable to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for avoiding saying “if only”. 13．Why does the writer regard “if only” as two of the saddest words in the English language? A．Because people use them when they feel sad. B．Because they mean sadness in the English language. C．Because they mean regrets and disappointment in life. D．Because they make the writer think of some sad experiences. 14．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3? A．given up. B．looked for. C．waited for. D．made use of. 15．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to    . A．see a doctor B．finish her work C．join a celebration D．create a chance to see her father 16．What is the best title for the passage? A．Advice from My Father B．The “Another Minute” Rule C．Avoidance of saying “If Only” D．The Saddest Words in English 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了作者认为“要是……多好”是英语中最悲伤的两个词，因为它们表达着生活中的后悔和失望，所以要珍惜现在所拥有的一切，尽可能避免做后悔的事情，避免说“要是……多好”。 13．细节理解题。由because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.可知作者认为“要是……多好”是英语中最悲伤的两个词，因为它们表达着生活中的后悔和失望，选C。 14．词义猜测题。第三段中“We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”可知，很多人在失去所爱的人后才后悔他们错失了说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会。foregone an opportunity意为“放弃机会，失去机会”。故划线词语意思应是放弃，故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“he was 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him”可知，作者知道父亲要去自己办公室对面看眼科医生时，本来告诉父亲说是公司休假，他不上班；但突然意识到父亲已经84岁了，所以决定即便是自己的休息日，也会去上班，去看看父亲，以免将来会后悔。故选D。 16．标题判断题。由I know there will still be occasions when I have to say if only about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality.可知这篇文章主要讲了作者认为“要是……多好”是英语中最悲伤的两个词，因为它们表达着生活中的后悔和失望，所以要珍惜现在所拥有的一切，尽可能避免做后悔的事情，因此，本文的最佳标题为：避免说“要是……多好”。故选C。 Passage 5 （23-24 高一上・四川第二中学・期末） When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well. This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stop on for success. 17．According to the passage, winners . A．deal with problems rather than blame others B．meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C．have responsible and able colleagues D．blame themselves rather that others 18．When your colleague brings about a problem, you should . A．ask a more able colleague for help B．blame him for his lack of responsibility C．tell him to find the cause of the problem D．find a better way to handle the problem 19．When problems occur, winners take them as . A．excuses for their failures B．barriers to greater power C．challenges to their colleagues D．chances for self-development 20．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Winner’s Problem. B．A Winner’s Secret. C．A Winner’s Opportunity. D．A Winner’s Achievement. 【答案】17．A 18．D 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章叙述了当人们犯错误的时候，人们往往埋怨外界的条件，去责怪其他的人，而不去找自身的原因，去找到解决问题的方法。而成功的人却往往不去责备其他的人，却主动找到解决问题的方法，这就是他们成功的秘诀。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. (然而，如果你不再专注于责怪谁，而是开始专注于如何补救，你就能对发生在你身上的事情有很大的影响力。这是成功者成功的关键。)”可知成功的人士是处理问题而不是责备其他的人，故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. (另一个例子，如果你的同事因为缺乏责任感或能力而给你带来了工作上的问题，想办法处理他的不负责任或无能，而不是简单地责怪那个人。)”可知当同事遇到问题时要找到一个处理问题的方法，故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. (成功者在生活中遇到的问题并不是更少;他们要面对的困难和其他人一样多。他们只是更善于将这些问题视为挑战和发展自己才能的机会。)”可知成功人士把问题看成是展示他们才能的机会，故选D。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. (然而，如果你不再专注于责怪谁，而是开始专注于如何补救，你就能对发生在你身上的事情有很大的影响力。这是成功者成功的关键。) ”可知文章叙述了当人们犯错误的时候，人们往往埋怨外界的条件，去责怪其他的人，而不去找自身的原因，去找到解决问题的方法。 而成功的人却往往不去责备其他的人，却主动找到解决问题的方法，这就是他们成功的秘诀。B选项“成功者的秘诀”符合文章大意，故选B。 Passage 6 （23-24 高一上・四川宜宾・期末） A pen has always been an important tool when we are taking exams. However, in the digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past. Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead. The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained (抱怨) that students’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The fall in writing clearly depends on laptops in lessons and elsewhere. As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being forced to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to their teachers. However, some criticized (批评) the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert, asked Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lessons”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better. The move also draws the attention of Harvard professor Eric Mazur. He believes that the rise of mobile internet use means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to remember anything. So he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. With them, students can “look up whatever they want, whenever they want” and be tested on their productive skills, rather than the ability of memory. 21．Why is Cambridge University considering ending written exams? A．Because students’ handwriting is too poor. B．Because we are already in the digital age. C．Because traditional tools are out of date. D．Because writing on laptops is faster. 22．What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph refer to? A．Bringing mobile phones into exams. B．Students’ returning to university. C．The rise of mobile internet use. D．The end of written exams. 23．What is Tracey Trussells’ attitude to students’ writing by hand? A．Unfavorable. B．Uncaring. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 24．Which is true according to Professor Eric Mazur? A．Mobile internet use is bad. B．Students should write by hand. C．The ability of memory is important. D．Students can use mobile phones in exams. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。因为学生的书写很糟糕，剑桥大学结束了有800年历史的书面考试，允许学生用笔记本电脑或平板参加考试。针对剑桥的这一举措，一些专家发表了他们自己的看法。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段的The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained (抱怨) that students’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize.可知，剑桥大学取消书面考试，是因为学生的书写很差，很难辨认。A. Because students’ handwriting is too poor.(因为学生的书写太糟糕的)符合以上说法，故选A项。 22．词义猜测题。结合上下文可知，划线部分指代的上文提到的Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops or iPads to take exams instead. (英国的剑桥大学考虑结束有800年历史的书面考试，允许学生用笔记本电脑和平板参加考试)剑桥大学结束书面考试的行动。D. The end of written exams.(结束书面考试)符合以上说法，故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段的She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.(她告诉《每日电讯》，手写可以帮助学生提高记忆能力，更好的理解课程)可推测，Tracey Trussell 对学生手写持支持的态度。C. Supportive.(支持的)符合以上推测，故选C项。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段的So he encourages students to bring their laptops and mobile phones into exams. (因此，他鼓励学生把笔记本电脑和手机带到考场)可知，Eric Mazur 教授认为学生可以把笔记本电脑和移动手机带到考场。D. Students can use mobile phones in exams.(学生可以在考场使用移动手机)符合以上说法，故选D项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川凉山州・期末） Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day, they are: (1)green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2)citrus(柑桔)fruits and tomatoes; (3)potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4)meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5)milk and foods made from milk; (6)bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7)butter, or something like butter. People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned(罐装的)or frozen(冷冻的). It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day. There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy. 1．According to the scientists, which of the following is the healthiest for your lunch? A．Chicken, apples, cereal and cabbages. B．Potatoes, carrots, rice and bread. C．Oranges, bananas, fish and tomatoes. D．Beef, pork, fish and milk, 2．People in different countries and different places of the world_________. A．have the right kinds of food to eat B．cook their food in the same way C．have their meals at the same time D．eat food in different ways 3．Which of the following is not true? A．People in some places don’t have enough to eat. B．There are too many people in the world. C．One of the problems is that no one is hungry. D．The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy. 4．If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about? A．What to do with the two problems. B．When people eat their lunch. C．How to cook food in different ways. D．Why people eat different kinds of food. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕饮食为话题，讲述了科学家提出的人们每天必须的7类食品，而世界上不同国家和不同地方的人吃不同种类的东西，食物的烹饪和食用方式有很多种，同时提出了在饮食方面面临的需要解决的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day, they are:(1)green and yellow vegetables of all kinds;(2)citrus fruits and tomatoes;(3)potatoes and other fruits and vegetables;(4)meat of all kinds, fish and eggs;(5)milk and foods made from milk;(6)bread or cereal, rice is also in this kind of food;(7)butter, or something like butter.”可知，有几种人们每天应该吃的食物，它们是：（1）各种各样的绿色和黄色蔬菜；（2）柑橘类水果和番茄；（3）土豆和其他水果和蔬菜；（4）各种各样的肉，鱼和鸡蛋；（5）牛奶和食物牛奶制成；（6）面包或谷物，大米；（7）黄油，或者类似的黄油。选项A“Chicken, apples, cereal and cabbages.”提到的食物为“鸡肉、苹果、麦片和卷心菜”包含在内。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.”可知，世界上不同国家和不同地方的人吃不同种类的东西，食物的烹饪和食用方式有很多种。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.”可知，要养活地球上这么多的人需要解决的第一个问题是找到一些方法来养活世界人口，这样就没有人挨饿了。由此可知，还是有人挨饿的。因此选项C“One of the problems is that no one is hungry.(其中一个问题是没有人挨饿。)”表述错误。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中心主旨句“There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth.”可知，第三段提及了要养活地球上这么多的人就有两个需要解决的问题。由此推知，第四段应是谈论如何解决这两个问题。故选A项。 【点睛】细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。解决此类题目一般采用寻读法，利用关键词迅速定位到文章原文内容，将选项与原文对比解析，从而很容易判断答案。比如文章的第2小题： 2. People in different countries and different places of the world_________. A. have the right kinds of food to eat     B. cook their food in the same way C. have their meals at the same time     D. eat food in different ways 根据题干定位到文章原文信息“People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.”可知，“Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.”应是答案。选项D与原文表达一致。故选D项为答案。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川宜宾第四中学校・期末） It would not be an overstatement to say that salt is one of the greatest discoveries in the history of mankind. Just imagine how tasteless our food would have been had salt not been discovered. Apart, from adding flavor to our food, it is also an essential ingredient for the health of both man as well as animals, provided it is taken in the right quantities. Salt is also used by the food processing and meat packing industries as a seasoning or preservative ingredient. Salt has always been helpful in the building of communities and societies, as man normally built his settlements around the sources of salt. At one point of time, salt was also used as a currency. Today, there are many countries around the world that are working hard to extract (提炼) salt so that we can enjoy our food to the fullest. Some of these are producing enough salt to satisfy the requirement of the entire world, while others are producing just enough to support their own people. According to the British Geological Survey, China is the top salt producer in the world. The United States of America occupies the second position, and India, finishing a distant third. Other countries that, made it among the top ten salt producing nations’ list were Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Chile, France and the Netherlands. Countries that produced more than 1 million tonnes of salt in 2017 included Peru, Bangladesh, Thailand, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, Poland, and the United Kingdom, to name a few. Ranked at the bottom of the list were the African nations of Mauritania and Djibouti. So, the next time you take your meal and add a pinch of salt to make it more delicious, do share a thought for the numerous salt workers around the world due to whom our food tastes so perfect. 5．What do we know from the first paragraph? A．Man will die without salt. B．The more salt, the better food. C．Salt intake should be proper. D．Salt is an optional ingredient. 6．What does the underlined word “these” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries. B．Settlements. C．Sources. D．Communities. 7．Where does Mexico rank in salt production in the world? A．Fifth. B．Sixth. C．Seventh. D．Eighth. 8．What is the author’s attitude toward those who produce salt? A．Regretful. B．Grateful. C．Doubtful. D．Faithful. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了食盐的重要性以及一些主要国家的盐产量排名。 5．推理判断题。由第一段中的第三句“Apart from adding flavor to our food, it is also an essential ingredient for the health of both man as well as animals, provided it is taken in the right quantities.”可知，除了给我们的食物增加味道之外，如果摄取适量的话，对于人类和动物的健康来说盐也是一个不可缺少的成分。由此可见，盐的摄入应该适量。结合选项可知，选项C正确。 6．词句猜测题。由第二段的第三句“Today, there are many countries around the world that are working hard to extract (提炼) salt so that we can enjoy our food to the fullest.”可知，今天，世界上有很多国家正在努力提炼盐，这样我们可以尽情地享受我们的食物。由此可见，these指代“国家”。结合选项可知，选项A正确。 7．细节理解题。由第三段“According to the British Geological Survey, China is the top salt producer in the world. The United States of America occupies the second position, and India, finishing a distant third. Other countries that, made it among the top ten salt producing nations’ list were Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Chile, France and the Netherlands.”可知，根据英国地质调查局，中国是世界上第一大盐生产国。美国位于第二，印度远远落后在第三。其他国家，按照在前10的盐生产国排名清单分别为：加拿大，澳大利亚，德国，墨西哥，智利，法国和新西兰。由此可见，墨西哥在世界盐生产的排名是第七。结合选项可知，选项C正确。 8．推理判断题。由最后一段“So, the next time you take your meal and add a pinch of salt to make it more delicious, do share a thought for the numerous salt workers around the world due to whom our food tastes so perfect.”可知，所以，下次你在用膳以及增加一撮盐让食物更加美味的时候，确实要想想世界上许多的盐工作者，因为他们，我们的食物品尝起来是如此美味。由此可见，作者对盐工作者的态度是充满感激之情。结合选项可知，选项B正确。 Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川广安第二中学校・期末） Wouldn’t it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recent Wall Street journal article, technology policy expert A lec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language. It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy (准确) of the data loaded into computers make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part of a translator’s job”. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore, we should doubt whether a machine is able to translate the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and translation meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. 9．What does the underlined word “imminent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready. B．Coming. C．Helpful. D．Advanced. 10．Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent (同义词)? A．Their data is not adequate (充足的) enough. B．The real meaning of words can change. C．Their accuracy needs big improvement. D．A soul hasn’t been breathed into them. 11．What view does the author hold about translation? A．Proper translation can be difficult for humans. B．Slight difference mean little in translation. C．Some machines will translate our world properly. D．Cultures deserve more attention than words used. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．A new language translating machine B．Translation will become easier C．Who Will Be a Better Translator D．Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．A 12．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论的是随着科技的发展，是否可以用技术力量解决不同语言间交流的困难，人类是否可以依靠技术的力量解决语言的障碍。 9．词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句“they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language”（他们想知道他们的孩子是否应该学第二语言）可知，家长们想知道对于孩子来说，学习第二语言是否还有必要，由此可知，他们一定是相信这项技术即将到来，才会产生这样的疑问，“Coming”意为“即将发生的”，符合句意。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.”（这对计算机来说是如此的困难，因为翻译不——或者不应该——只涉及翻译单词、句子或段落。相反，它是关于翻译意义的。为了从一个特定的表达中推断出意义，人类必须同时解释大量的信息。）可知，翻译不仅仅是翻译单词、句子或段落，而是要根据不同的语境来理解单词的意义，而在不同的场景或文化中，一个词的意义是不同的，是会发生变化的。由此可知，计算机很难用一个词来代替它的同义词，是因为词语的真正含义是可以随着不同的语境改变的。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.”（为了从一个特定的表达中推断出意义，人类必须同时解释大量的信息。）和最后一段关键句“If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better?”（如果来自不同文化背景的人在没有意识到的情况下会冒犯对方，我们怎么能指望机器做得更好呢？）可知，对于人类来说，翻译的同时需要解释大量的信息，来自不同的文化背景的人，会因为翻译的不恰当而冒犯对方。由此可知，作者认为恰当的翻译对人类来说是困难的。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。解析文章，结合第一段内容“Wouldn’t it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?”（去外国旅行而不用担心用另一种语言交流的头痛，不是很好吗？）可知，本文讨论的是随着科技的发展，是否可以用技术力量解决不同语言间交流的困难，人类是否可以依靠技术的力量解决语言的障碍。“Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall”意为“语言障碍真的会下降吗”，符合文章讨论的主题。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川宜宾第四中学校・期末） America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 13．The writer of this passage must be________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 14．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ? A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time. C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time. 15．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________. A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant 16．What is the best title for this passage ? A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和方式。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，这篇文章的作者一定是一个中国人。故选B。 14．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country(尽管美国人在他们的日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果需要花费大量的时间，他们就不会表现出他们的礼貌。这通常与我们国家的做法相反)”可知，在中国，我们可能会慷慨地花时间。由此可以猜测，generous with our time意思为“在时间上很慷慨，愿意付出很多时间”。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. (然而，美国人通常是在家里表示欢迎，但在日常生活之外确实抽不出大量时间来接待客人。)”和“Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. (一旦我们到达他们的家，欢迎将是充分的，热情和真实的。我们会受到热情款待。)”可知，当我们到美国去拜访一位美国朋友时，我们会在他家受到亲切的接待。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，文章说明了美国人和中国人对友谊方面的不同观点和做法。文章标题应为“Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship(美国人和中国人对友谊的不同观点)”。故选D。 Passage 5 （23-24 高一上・四川成都罗江中学校・期末） I presented a group project to my classmates. The first question asked was, “What words do you associate with rural education?” Some of the responses were positive.  Others accurately portrayed a few of the negatives like “isolated” and “underfunded.” But I was surprised that some used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” (乡巴佬).  Previously, I felt proud of myself as a  student from rural West Virginia. But at that  moment, my pride sank. For a place that claims to welcome all, the Brown University  has actually left its rural students feeling looked down upon. For a while, I never mentioned where I called home unless it was absolutely necessary. By the third month of my first year, I was prepared to transfer out of Brown and finish college at a school where I would be surrounded by people like me, people from rural communities. Then I realized that this response was just the one that my tormentors expected. Now I have decided to fight back. We need to change. But this deeply-rooted culture won’t change on its own. The University and its non-rural students can’t and won’t do it. So it is up to us, the rural students, to make a difference. So rural students, talk with your long, drawn-out accent, defend your hometown of hard-working people and condemn (谴责) the ignorance that attempts to deny your personhood. We must uplift other rural students in their academic and professional careers. We must be the ones to support each other. What we need is a club for that exact purpose. A rural students’ collective is the formal meeting place that we need and deserve. In an institution where rural students feel lost and deserted, we will soon find a common ground for each other. For the non-rural students and faculty wondering how to support us, don’t stick to your stereotypes (刻板印象) that rural students are dumb, ignorant and unintelligent. On the contrary, we are valuable, deserving and hard-working individuals. Brown’s faculty and students should welcome and embrace our contributions. 17．How did the writer feel after presenting the group project? A．Frustrated. B．Proud. C．Angry. D．Confused. 18．What group of students does the underlined word “tormentors” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Those who come from rural West Virginia. B．Those who are determined to make a change. C．Those who used words like “hillbillies” and “hicks” in their remarks. D．Those who associated rural education with “isolated” and “underfunded” . 19．How does the writer think rural students should fight back? A．They should turn to the college authority for help. B．They should unite and reach out to assist each other. C．They need to set up a special club for all the students. D．They are supposed to avoid speaking with their local accent. 20．What message does the writer want to convey? A．Positive attitudes contribute to a harmonious college. B．Discrimination is a common phenomenon in Virginia. C．Rural students in Brown are valuable and deserve respect. D．The Brown University badly needs to adjust its moral education. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章作者就自己在布朗大学时同学对来自农村学生的歧视而号召大家一起反击。 17．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Previously, I felt proud of myself as a student from rural West Virginia. But at that moment, my pride sank. For a place that claims to welcome all, the Brown University has actually left its rural students feeling looked down upon.(以前，作为一名来自西弗吉尼亚州农村的学生，我为自己感到自豪。但那一刻，我的自尊心下降了。作为一个声称欢迎所有人的地方，布朗大学实际上让农村学生感到被轻视。)”可知，作者自豪感消失了，觉得自己被轻视了，所以感到沮丧和有挫败感，所以A项Frustrated(沮丧的；挫败的)符合。故选A项。 18．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“But I was surprised that some used words like ‘hillbillies’ and ‘hicks’ (乡巴佬).   (但我很惊讶，有些人使用了‘乡下人’和‘乡巴佬’这样的词。)”、第二段“By the third month of my first year, I was prepared to transfer out of Brown and finish college at a school where I would be surrounded by people like me, people from rural communities. Then I realized that this response was just the one that my tormentors expected.(到第一年的第三个月，我准备从布朗大学转学，在一所学校完成大学学业，在那里我会被像我一样的人包围，来自农村社区的人。然后我意识到，这种反应正是 所期望的。)”以及下段“Now I have decided to fight back. (现在我决定反击。)”可知，tormentors这里指那些说作者是“乡下人”和“乡巴佬”的一群人，所以现在作者决定反击他们。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。由文章第三段“We must uplift other rural students in their academic and professional careers. We must be the ones to support each other.(我们必须提升其他农村学生的学术和职业生涯。我们必须相互支持。)”可知，作者建议农村学生要团结互助。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“For the non-rural students and faculty wondering how to support us, don’t stick to your stereotypes (刻板印象) that rural students are dumb, ignorant and unintelligent. On the contrary, we are valuable, deserving and hard-working individuals. Brown’s faculty and students should welcome and embrace our contributions.(对于那些想知道如何支持我们的非农村学生和教职员工来说，不要固守农村学生愚蠢、无知和不聪明的刻板印象。相反，我们是有价值、值得尊敬和勤奋的人。布朗大学的教职员工和学生应该欢迎并接受我们的贡献。)”可推测，作者认为布朗的农村学生很有价值，值得尊重。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川广安友谊中学・期末） When you encounter animals, do you wonder what they’re thinking? Seeing a newborn lamb or a cute puppy might arouse happy emotions in us, but what are they thinking? Does the look on their face and the way they behave indicate how they’re feeling — or are they feeling nothing at all? Humans have a range of emotions, but it’s hard to tell what’s going on inside the heads of animals, mainly because they can’t express their feelings. Perhaps it’s pets we think we understand most — as they are the animals we spend a lot of time with and therefore get to know best. Some of us own dogs because they are good companions, are loyal and seem to connect with us. We might even think they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. Professor Kim Bard, an expert from the University of Portsmouth, told the BBC: “We have a few studies now that actually show scientifically that some dogs will respond with concern when their owner — but not a stranger — pretends to cry.” Other wild animals might have feelings too. Giraffes and whales, for example, are known to experience grief when someone in their group dies. Farm animals we often eat, such as cows and chickens, are also believed to experience pain, joy and other emotions. It’s believed even tiny creatures like insects might have emotions as well. It does seem all creatures feel emotion, but what is not clear is do they feel the same way as us. If we understand the depths of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses (屠宰场) around the world, and rethink those systems. 1．What’s the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1? A．To raise a question. B．To make a comparison. C．To bring in the topic. D．To present an argument. 2．Why does the author think the animals we understand most are our pets? A．Because they are the animals we love most. B．Because they are good companions and are loyal to us. C．Because they are the animals we usually stay with. D．Because they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. 3．What does the underlined word “grief” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Happiness. B．Sadness. C．Excitement. D．Panic. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了动物是否有情感以及情感程度，指出宠物和野生动物可能都有情感，还引发了对动物园和屠宰场存在合理性的思考。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When you encounter animals, do you wonder what they’re thinking? Seeing a newborn lamb or a cute puppy might arouse happy emotions in us, but what are they thinking? Does the look on their face and the way they behave indicate how they’re feeling — or are they feeling nothing at all?(当你遇到动物时，你是否想知道它们在想什么?看到一只新生的小羊或一只可爱的小狗可能会在我们心中激起快乐的情绪，但它们在想什么呢?它们脸上的表情和它们的行为方式是否表明了它们的感受——或者它们什么都没有感觉到？)”可推知，作者通过提出问题引发读者兴趣，从而引入动物是否有情感这一话题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perhaps it’s pets we think we understand most — as they are the animals we spend a lot of time with and therefore get to know best.(也许我们认为最了解的是宠物——因为它们是我们花很多时间相处的动物，因此也最了解它们)”可知，作者认为我们最了解宠物是因为我们通常和它们待在一起。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Other wild animals might have feelings too. Giraffes and whales, for example, are known to experience grief when someone in their group dies.(其他野生动物可能也有感情。例如，众所周知，当长颈鹿和鲸鱼群体中的某一个死亡时，它们会经历grief)”可知，划线词所在句用举例的方式来说明其他野生动物可能也有感情，结合常识，群体中有成员死亡时，动物感受到的情感应该是“悲伤”。由此可知，划线词grief意思是“悲伤”，与B项“Sadness”同义。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If we understand the depths of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses (屠宰场) around the world, and rethink those systems.(如果我们了解动物能感受到的情感深度，这应该会让我们质疑世界各地动物园和屠宰场的存在，并重新思考这些体系)”可推知，作者对动物园和屠宰场的存在表示怀疑。故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川内江・期末） Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏)of our environment.Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals..., these problems seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive. But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world? I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟)which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more Every year when the time comes for migration (迁徙), a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but ,since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped. Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be--thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once! A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying,others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems. 5．Where would you most probably read this passage? A．A guidebook. B．A movie poster. C．An animal magazine. D．A personal blog 6．Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores? A．There are only cloth bags in stores. B．All the people use cloth bags in stores. C．He thinks plastic bags are more expensive. D．He wants to do some good to the environment. 7．What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Fantastic. C．Terrible D．Surprising 8．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A．To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos. B．To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference. C．To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers. D．To show that there’re many problems in the world. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 【解析】这一是篇议论文。主要讲述了作者对于现在环境存在的问题提出了一些担忧以及自己和家人的保护环境行为。呼吁人们要从小事做起保护环境。 5．推理判断题。根据第一、二段“Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction （破坏） of our environment.”和“So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. ”我们当今面临的最大问题中的一部分是环境破坏，所以我一家人都做一些力所能及的事情，我们去商店带布包而不是用塑料袋，可知本文主要讲述了作者对于现在环境存在的问题提出了一些担忧以及自己和家人的保护环境行为。由此判断出该类针对某一问题发表个人观点应出现在个人博客中。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第一、二段“Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction （破坏） of our environment.”和“So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. ”我们当今面临的最大问题中的一部分是环境破坏，所以我一家人都做一些力所能及的事情，我们去商店带布包而不是用塑料袋，可知作者带布包是想为保护环境做一些事情，故选D项。 7．词义猜测题。根据第五段后文“thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once”成千上万只火烈鸟立刻飞上天空，可知 What a spectacular sight it must应译为“那一定是令人惊叹的景象”。A. frustrating“令人沮丧的”；B. surprised“感到 惊讶的”；C. terrible“糟糕的”；D. fantastic“不可思议的，极好的”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出换线词的意思是“不可思议的”的意思。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying, others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems.”有一些小行为可以促成大的改变，即使你现在才迈出第一步，并且继续尝试，其他人终有一天会注意到，那样的话我们会一起解决我们最大的问题。由此判断出作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们要坚持努力，从小事做起保护环境，总有一天会产生影响。故选B项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川凉山州・期末） If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch a performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d travel far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds. The possibility of time travel is indeed attractive. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best-known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and many comic book adaptations. It contributes to the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally referred to a vehicle transporting people into the far future. But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks (裂缝) in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts (捷径) to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme conditions. And Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship, going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship wouldn’t of course be simple. Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time? And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then travels 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacle (触角). If that’s what’s in store (即将到来), maybe we are better just living in the present day after all. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The stories of time travel have only been popular in recent years. B．The “time machine” is a vehicle transporting people to everywhere. C．The Time Machine by Wells has been adapted into different forms. D．Some scientists generally believe time travel is physically possible. 2．What do some scientists advise using for time travel theoretically? A．Blackholes. B．Wormholes. C．Ordinary spaceships. D．Extreme conditions. 3．What does “grandfather paradox” in paragraph 4 indicate? A．The reunion of the time traveler and his grandfather brings happiness. B．The time traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather. C．The grandfather’s death makes the time traveler’s birth impossible. D．The time traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards time travel based on the passage? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perhaps the best-known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and many comic book adaptations.(也许最著名的例子是科幻小说《时间机器》，由H. G. Wells撰写，出版于1895年。它被改编成至少两部同名电影，以及两部电视版本和许多漫画书)”可知，Wells写的《时间机器》被改编成不同的形式，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks (裂缝) in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts (捷径) to other periods.(但是时间旅行真的可能吗？一些科学家在理论上说是的。他们建议在时空中使用被称为“虫洞”的裂缝，这可以作为通往其他时期的捷径)”可知，一些科学家建议使用“虫洞”从理论上进行时间旅行，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time?(即使你能穿越到过去，也存在所谓的“祖父悖论”。它问的是，出于某种原因导致自己的祖父死亡，从而阻止了自己的出生，那么会发生什么？如果这位时间旅行者从未出生，他又如何能回到过去呢?)”可知，“grandfather paradox”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现、第五段中“In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then travels 30million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacle (触角).(在H. G. Wells的书中，主人公穿越到遥远的时间，来到一个海滩，遭到了巨蟹的袭击。然后他穿越到3000万年后的未来，那里唯一的生物是一个长着触手的黑色物体)”以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，结合最后一段“If that’s what’s in store (即将到来), maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川遂宁・期末） Many companies have advertised a feature in their newer phones that lets users use AI as a recipe generator (生成器) assistant. With AI-generated recipes, casual cooks may risk a terrible meal or a life-threatening situation. Last year, Forbes reported that one AI recipe generator produced a recipe for “aromatic (芳香的) water mix”. The recipe actually produced deadly chlorine gas. For food bloggers and recipe developers, this technology can threaten their livelihood. Sarah and Kaitlin Leung are sisters who set up The Woks of Life, a food blog focused on sharing “recipes, kitchen exploits, and travels”. After an idea is formed, they will test a recipe up to 40times. “These companies are taking content created by real people to train their AI models, and then competing directly with those same people. So it’s a huge sort of existential threat,” Sarah says. Andrew Olson, a software engineer who develops recipes for his food blog, One Ingredient Chef, sees it differently. “So much of recipe development is getting inspiration from other recipes,” he says. “They’re not reproducing it word for word.” On his website, users can input a list of ingredients to generate a recipe that looks just like one from a cookbook. Each recipe even includes a headnote with a sense-based description of the final product and suggestions for when and where to serve each dish. Advanced versions of the software even generate images of what the recipe’s final product could look like. “I think food bloggers could use AI to be more creative, to come up with new ideas,” he says. “But I don’t think the technology is there to the point where you can have an entirely AI-generated blog, although that would be a cool concept. Maybe someone should try it and see how it goes.” Olson adds. 5．What problem can AI recipe generators cause? A．Higher costs of phones. B．Accidents in cooking. C．Threat to recipe companies. D．Unemployment of assistants. 6．What is Sarah’s attitude towards AI-generated recipes? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Favourable. D．Objective. 7．What does One Ingredient Chef feature? A．It tests its recipes up to 40 times. B．It sends a real cookbook to users. C．It gives suggestions on a healthy dish. D．It produces the final product’s pictures. 8．What do Olson’s words imply in the last paragraph? A．AI should be banned from generating recipes. B．AI recipe generators can replace food bloggers. C．Entirely AI-generated recipes are widely available. D．The use of AI technology needs further development. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕AI生成食谱的功能展开讨论，解析了其对普通烹饪者、食品博主和食谱开发者可能带来的风险以及机遇，呈现了不同人对这一技术的看法和态度。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Last year, Forbes reported that one AI recipe generator produced a recipe for “aromatic (芳香的) water mix”. The recipe actually produced deadly chlorine gas.(去年，福布斯报道称，一个人工智能配方生成器制作了一个“芳香水混合物”的配方。这个配方实际上产生了致命的氯气)”可知，AI配方生成器会导致烹饪事故。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段““These companies are taking content created by real people to train their AI models, and then competing directly with those same people. So it’s a huge sort of existential threat,” Sarah says.(“这些公司正在利用真人创作的内容来训练他们的人工智能模型，然后直接与这些人竞争。所以这是一种巨大的生存威胁，”Sarah说)”可知，Sarah对AI生成的食谱持负面态度。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Advanced versions of the software even generate images of what the recipe’s final product could look like.(该软件的高级版本甚至可以生成食谱最终成品的图像)”可知，One Ingredient Chef的特点是它生成最终产品的图片。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I think food bloggers could use AI to be more creative, to come up with new ideas,” he says. “But I don’t think the technology is there to the point where you can have an entirely AI-generated blog, although that would be a cool concept. Maybe someone should try it and see how it goes.” Olson adds.(他说：“我认为美食博主可以利用人工智能变得更有创造力，提出新的想法。”“但我不认为现在的技术可以让你拥有一个完全由人工智能生成的博客，尽管这将是一个很酷的概念。也许有人应该试试，看看效果如何。”Olson补充道)”可知，Olson暗示了人工智能技术的使用需要进一步发展。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学） The interplay between literature and scientific research has been evident throughout history. At a surface level, literature often anticipates future scientific developments, and science, in turn, provides a rich source of inspiration for literary creation. However, the interaction between these two goes beyond mere creativity; it invites deeper thoughts on the ethical (道德的) and philosophical impacts of technological advancements. For instance, science fiction works like Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot play a direct role in shaping and inspiring the development of artificial intelligence (AI). This book pictures a future where robots coexist with humans and are governed by the “Three Laws of Robotics”. These laws not only influence the real-world AI research but also become a cornerstone in the debate surrounding AI ethics. These fictional laws provide more than just a blueprint for scientists; they serve as a bridge, making complex technological issues easier for the public to grasp. Yet, the influence of literature on science extends even further. Take Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem as an example. The scientists in this fiction are not merely pioneers of scientific breakthroughs — they also represent the difficult choices and inner conflicts that humanity faces. Through their struggles, Liu presents a profound question: As science pushes us into new territory, are we truly prepared to bear the responsibility for the unforeseen impacts of technological advancements in the future? The true value of literature in relation to science is its ability to stir the pot. It not only question what we can achieve through science but also whether we should pursue these achievements. While science focuses on problem-solving and innovation, literature makes us consider the broader influence on nature and society, ensuring our progress is guided by wisdom, understanding, and humanity. 9．What do we know about I, Robot? A．It instructs scientists in detail. B．It boosts research on bridges. C．It facilitates public access to science. D．It sets laws for robots in the real world. 10．Why does the author mention The Three-Body Problem? A．To point out the complexity of science. B．To warn about the dangers of technology. C．To show literature’s moral concerns about science. D．To suggest literature’s direct influence on innovation. 11．What do the underlined words “stir the pot” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Explore and explain. B．Challenge and reflect. C．Assume and examine. D．Educate and entertain. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Science: the Blueprint of Literature B．Science: a Whisper in Literature’s Ear C．Literature: a Critical Insight into Science D．Literature: the Gateway to Scientific Ideas 【答案】9．C 10．C 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了文学与科学研究之间由来已久的相互影响力，强调文学对科学的影响不仅在于预测未来。文章以《我，机器人》和《三体》为例，揭示文学的真正价值在于引发人类对技术进步的思考，思考其对自然和社会的影响，以确保科学探索之路始终拥有智慧、理解和人文主义这三盏指路明灯。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“These fictional laws provide more than just a blueprint for scientists; they serve as a bridge, making complex technological issues easier for the public to grasp.(这些虚构的定律为科学家们提供的不仅仅是一个蓝图；它们还充当了一座桥梁，让公众更容易理解复杂的技术问题) 可知，这本书促进公众获取科学。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The scientists in this fiction are not merely pioneers of scientific breakthroughs — they also represent the difficult choices and inner conflicts that humanity faces. Through their struggles, Liu presents a profound question: As science pushes us into new territory, are we truly prepared to bear the responsibility for the unforeseen impacts of technological advancements in the future?(在这部小说里，科学家们不仅仅是科学突破的先驱者——他们还代表着人类所面临的艰难抉择和内心冲突。通过描写他们的挣扎，刘提出了一个深刻的问题：随着科学将我们推向新的领域，我们是否真的做好了准备，去承担未来技术进步所带来的那些难以预见的影响的责任呢？)”可推知，作者提及小说《三体》是为了展示文学作品对科学的道德关切。故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It not only question what we can achieve through science but also whether we should pursue these achievements. While science focuses on problem-solving and innovation, literature makes us consider the broader influence on nature and society, ensuring our progress is guided by wisdom, understanding, and humanity.(它不仅质疑我们通过科学能够取得什么样的成就，还质疑我们是否应该追求这些成就。虽然科学专注于解决问题和创新，但文学让我们思考其对自然和社会更广泛的影响，确保我们的进步是由智慧、理解和人性所引导的)”可知，文学相对于科学的真正价值在于它能提出质疑和让我们思考。由此可推测“stir the pot”意思是“挑战和反思”。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However, the interaction between these two goes beyond d mere creativity; it invites deeper thoughts on the ethical (道德的) and philosophical impacts of techno logical advancements.(然而，这两者之间的互动不仅仅是创造力；它引发了对技术进步的伦理和哲学影响的更深层次的思考)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了文学与科学研究之间的相互作用，文学不仅能预见未来科学发展，还能对科学技术进步带来的伦理和哲学影响进行深入思考，对科学进行批判性洞察。C选项“文学：对科学的批判性洞察”符合文章主旨，最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Passage 4 （23-24 高一上・四川凉山州西昌市・期末） Editor’s note: An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours. Dinah (China) I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals. As long as it is meaningful for me, I will celebrate it with my boyfriend, and my parents! I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere. SharkMinnow (Canada) Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese. Also, spending money = good for economy. Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money). Travis (UK) As an Englishman teaching here in China for two years, my friends have got used to, and enjoy when I celebrate my festivals. My school also likes it as well, although this year they asked me not to scare the teachers so much on Halloween. My Chinese friends enjoy taking part in my festivals, as they also learn more about my culture, and the history that goes with it… Leesinchina (US) Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days — first, because they have absolutely nothing to do with traditional Chinese culture. Second, they are a big trick by the big stores to get more money out of you. Stick to your own festivals — they actually mean something to you — rather than following western customs for no good reason. 13．What matters most according to Dinah? A．The atmosphere when celebrating festivals. B．The people with whom to celebrate festivals. C．Celebrating Chinese festivals with her family. D．Celebrating Western festivals in a good atmosphere. 14．What’s the attitude of readers 2 and 4 towards celebrating Western festivals? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 15．Which can be the best topic for this text? A．How should we celebrate festivals? B．Should we celebrate foreign festivals? C．Why are more young people celebrating foreign festivals? D．Are more Chinese people willing to celebrate foreign festivals? 16．In which of the following can this text be originally found? A．A newspaper. B．A debate. C．A website. D．A text book. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章引用了论坛读者关于“我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?”这一问题的不同观点，探讨了我们是否应该庆祝外国节日。 13．细节理解题。根据Dinah (China)部分中“I enjoy the happy atmosphere of both Chinese and Western festivals.(我喜欢中国节日和西方节日的欢乐气氛)”和“I like Western festivals and often celebrate them without even knowing the origins of them. Why? Because what I really appreciate is just the happy atmosphere.(我喜欢西方的节日，经常庆祝它们，甚至不知道它们的起源。为什么?因为我真正享受的只是快乐的气氛)”可知，Dinah认为庆祝节日时的气氛最重要。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据SharkMinnow (Canada)部分中“Western Festivals are more like parties or games for some Chinese.(对一些中国人来说，西方节日更像是聚会或游戏)”和“Most Chinese don’t take Western festivals as seriously as their own. It’s like a game or party in my eyes. A way to blow off steam and have fun (and spend money).(大多数中国人并不像对待自己的节日那样重视西方节日。在我眼里，这就像一场游戏或派对。这就像我眼中的游戏或派对。一种发泄情绪和享受乐趣(并花钱)的方法)”可知，SharkMinnow认为中国人并没有理解西方节日，只是把它当作一种发泄情绪和享受乐趣(并花钱)的方法，由此推知，他并不太赞同中国人这样过去西方节日；根据Leesinchina (US)部分中“Cherish your own festivals. It would be a pity if the Chinese accepted these Western days(珍惜你自己的节日。如果中国人接受这些西方的日子，那将是一个遗憾)”可知，Leesinchina认为中国人庆祝西方节日是一种遗憾，对其持否定态度。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“An increasing number of Chinese people, especially the young, are more willing to celebrate Western festivals. Should we celebrate foreign festivals? Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours.(越来越多的中国人，尤其是年轻人，更愿意庆祝西方节日。我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?论坛的读者们分享他们的观点。欢迎您添加您的)”可知，本文引用了论坛读者关于“我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?”这一问题的不同观点，探讨了我们是否应该庆祝外国节日，所以“Should we celebrate foreign festivals?(我们应该庆祝外国节日吗?)”是文章话题。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Forum (论坛) readers share their opinions. You’re welcome to add yours.(论坛的读者们分享他们的观点。欢迎您添加您的)”可推知，本文出自网络论坛页面，来自一个网站。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山东坡区・期末） In Chinese cities, people in yellow or blue suits riding e-bikes are easy to see. They rush between traffic from restaurants to homes and businesses, regardless of wind or rain. They are food deliverymen. Although they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them. “The food deliverymen are trapped in the app," says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion. It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm （算法），which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators. Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer. Besides, the time limit has been gradually shortened in recent years. Delay could mean a reduce in pay so deliverymen speed up, often breaking traffic rules and putting people’s lives at risk. Many people criticized the platforms and asked them to improve the regulations applied to the deliverymen. In response, on Sept 9, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, which allows customers to prolong the time limit for their order, and encouraged customers to show more respect for deliverymen. But this created more heated debate, as some felt the company was dodging the problem and distracting attention. They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves. Also, even with the ability to allow more time for delivery, it may not fully address the issue. "If I give them five more minutes, they would not use it to ride slowly or obey the traffic rules. They would simply take one more order. This is not the ultimate cure to solve the problem.” Actually it would be better to improve the platform’s system and the delivery mechanism. Besides, market regulatory departments should prohibit companies from setting tight schedules for their deliverymen and keep them safe on the roads. 17．According to the passage, what can we know about the food deliverymen? A．The algorithm offers them practical choices of time and routes. B．They have difficulty in meeting the time limit requirement. C．They seldom wear uniforms when they are working. D．They had even shorter delivery time limit in the past. 18．What does the word “dodging" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Solving. B．Avoiding. C．Creating. D．Transforming. 19．What do people think of “adding a button to the app”? A．The company is sparing no effort to address the problem. B．The approach might be the best solution to the problem. C．More potential problems are certain to be brought about. D．Customers shouldn’t take responsibility for the problem. 20．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A．No Deadlines for Deliverymen B．Deliverymen Break the Rules C．Lightening Deliverymen’s Load D．Shortening the Delivery Time 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．D 20．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了外卖骑手们所面临的“守时”困境，介绍并解析了其形成原因、平台的解决方法及人们对这些情况的看法等。最后作者提出改善平台系统和运送机制，并且监管部门应该制定相应措施才是最终解决方法。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm，which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators.（该公司指出，在外卖平台饿了么和美团上，每个外卖单的时间限制和路线都是通过算法计算的，没有考虑到红灯、限速和电梯满员等真实情况。）”和第三段“Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer.（根据该算法，2公里内的快递订单截止时间为30分钟。在这段时间内，送货员必须提货并将货物送到顾客手中。此外，这一期限近年来逐渐缩短。）” 可知，外卖平台的算法经常不考虑实际情况设置运送时间，导致外卖员按时运送有困难。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves.（他们觉得公司把责任推给了用户，而不是自己解决问题。）”可推知划线词所在的句子意为“但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司在回避问题，分散人们的注意力。”由此可知， dodging意为“逃避”。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves.（他们表示，此举不合逻辑，因为快递员是在遵循雇主制定的规则，两者之间的问题应该得到解决。他们觉得公司把责任推给了用户，而不是自己解决问题。）”可推知，人们认为顾客不应该为这个问题负责。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““The food deliverymen are trapped in the app," says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion.（中国杂志《肖像》的一篇文章写道:“送餐员被app困住了。” 这篇文章引发了热议。）”可知，本文主要介绍了外卖骑手们所面临的“守时”困境，介绍并解析了其形成原因（算法的不合理性）、平台的解决方法（呼吁人们尊重外卖员及增加延时按钮）及人们对这些情况的看法（这些方法并不能真正解决问题）等。最后作者提出更好的解决方法应该在于改善平台系统和运送机制，并且监管部门应该制定相应措施。“闪电送货人的负载”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川成都罗江中学校・期末） Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient — to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小) by greater needs: the need to protect from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance the public interest. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation? Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide (自杀). But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception (欺骗). Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.” 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition. B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness. C．Whether different studies should be carried on. D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients. 2．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____. A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment C．tell him to shorten the family vacation D．advise him to cancel the family vacation 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest. B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly. C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases. D．Many patients don’t want to know the truth, especially about serious illness. 4．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is ____. A．supportive B．indifferent C．opposed D．neutral 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了各行业都面临一个问题，是讲述事实，还是说善意的谎言？病人是否应该被告知他们病情的真相。作者认为告诉别人真实的病情，可以帮助病人在某些情况下处理他们的疾病。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient—to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death?可知，医生是否应该为了病人的利益而撒谎——为了加速病人的康复，或者为了掩盖死亡的来临？这是本文的主题句，由此可知，本文讨论的是病人是否应该被告知他们病情的真相。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide (自杀).可知，研究表明，大多数医生真心相信重病患者不想知道自己病情的真相，而告知他们病情有可能摧毁他们的希望，使他们恢复得更慢，恶化得更快，甚至可能会自杀。由此推知，对于第2段提到的情况，大多数医生会选择就他当时的情况对他撒谎。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation.可知，我们还了解到，通过人道的方式传达真实的信息，可以帮助病人应对疾病:帮助他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少药物的需求，甚至在手术后更快地康复。由此可知，在某些情况下，真实的信息可以帮助病人处理他们的病情。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust.可知，然而，公众有充分的理由了解职业欺骗，因为这种做法特别有可能变得根深蒂固、传播和信任。由此推知，作者对职业欺骗的态度是反对的。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24 高一上・四川眉山仁寿龙正中学、清水中学・期末） America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home! 5．The writer of this passage must be________. A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student 6．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ? A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time. C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time. 7．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________. A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant 8．What is the best title for this passage ? A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和方式。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，这篇文章的作者一定是一个中国人。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country(尽管美国人在他们的日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果需要花费大量的时间，他们就不会表现出他们的礼貌。这通常与我们国家的做法相反)”可知，在中国，我们可能会慷慨地花时间。由此可以猜测，generous with our time意思为“在时间上很慷慨，愿意付出很多时间”。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. (然而，美国人通常是在家里表示欢迎，但在日常生活之外确实抽不出大量时间来接待客人。)”和“Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. (一旦我们到达他们的家，欢迎将是充分的，热情和真实的。我们会受到热情款待。)”可知，当我们到美国去拜访一位美国朋友时，我们会在他家受到亲切的接待。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，文章说明了美国人和中国人对友谊方面的不同观点和做法。文章标题应为“Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship(美国人和中国人对友谊的不同观点)”。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川凉山州宁南中学・期末） Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence(证据) shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject(排斥) older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. 9．In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. D．They regard eating as a key part of their life style. 10．This passage talks about the relationship between _______. A．Americans and the French. B．children and adults. C．life style and obesity. D．fast food and overweight. 11．This text is mainly developed by_______. A．making comparisons B．following space order C．analyzing cause and effect D．following time order 12．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV interview. B．A food advertisement. C．A health report. D．A book review. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了美国和法国的生活方式的不同，以及他们的生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。作者认为美国人在与肥胖作斗争而法国人享受着美食且保持身材苗条，由此引出话题，并展开讨论。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style.(健康专家约瑟夫·梅尔科拉博士说，法国人把饮食视为他们生活方式的重要组成部分) ”可知，法国人将饮食当作生活的一部分。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.(研究人员总结，法国人倾向于在吃饱时停止进餐，然而，美国人倾向于在他们的盘子空了时或者电视节目结束时才停止进餐)”结合本文主要介绍了美国和法国的生活方式的不同，而且美国的饮食方式容易造成肥胖，而法国的饮食方式可保持身体苗条，也就是主要介绍的生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin?(为什么美国人努力控制体重，而吃油腻食物的法国人却能保持苗条呢？)”可知，作者在第一段以为什么美国人在与肥胖作斗争而法国人享受着美食且保持身材苗条引出话题，故推测本文主要通过对比的写作方式来阐述问题。故选A。 12．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国和法国生活方式的不同以及生活方式带来的体型变化等，故应是来源于健康报告。故选C。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・四川成都天府新区・期末） It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything. I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six­-year­old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey. He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches hit his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site. Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, and lift its head with great effort to accept the water cupped in my beautiful boy’s hands. I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. 1．Why did the author follow her son? A．Because she was very curious. B．Because her son was doing a good deed. C．Because there might be danger. D．Because she also intended to help them. 2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text? A．Rain was in desperate need at that time. B．Billy carried water with his small hands. C．There were few trees in the woods. D．Billy walked into the woods again and again. 3．What quality did Billy mainly show in this story? A．Enthusiasm. B．Care. C．Curiosity. D．Shyness . 4．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence? A．She was moved to tears. B．She was sad about the deer. C．God rewarded us with rainfall. D．God was crying. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了由于一个多月没有下雨了，眼看就要颗粒无收，这时作者看见自己的儿子多次向森林跑去很好奇，于是有一次就悄悄地跟去，发现儿子小心翼翼地端着水在拯救快要渴死的小鹿，作者很是感动，这种行为可能感动了上帝，天开始下雨。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I rushed out of the house and followed him on his journey.(最后，我的好奇心占了上风。我冲出房子，跟着他上路了)”可知，作者是出于好奇才跟着儿子的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“We had not seen rain in almost a month.(我们几乎有一个月没下雨了)”可知，急需雨水；第二段的“Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.(他消失在树林里几分钟后，又跑了出来，朝房子的方向跑去)”和第三段的“Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.(然而，过了一会儿，他又迈着那缓慢而坚定的步子向树林走去)”可知，他在屋子和树林里之间来回穿梭；第四段的“He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked(他走路时双手捧在身前)”可知，他用双手捧着水，ABD三项都正确。C项“树林里几乎没有树”陈述错误。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them.(几只大鹿出现在他面前，气势汹汹。但是比利径直走向它们)”和最后一段的“I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life.(我站在树林的边缘，看着我所见过的最美丽的心，如此努力地拯救一条生命)”可知，比利很关心那只小鹿，比利在这个故事中表现出的主要品质是关爱。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。由最后一段的“As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky.(当泪水从我的脸上滚落下来的时候，突然又有其他的水滴加入进来……还有更多的水滴……和更多。我抬头看了看天空)”可知，应该是下雨了，所以划线句的意思是“上帝赐给我们降雨”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安广安区等 3 地・期末） Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic (宇宙的) void (空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless.The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 5．What does the author suggest about the“temptation” in paragraph 2? A．It reflects humanity’s fear of cosmic emptiness. B．It strengthens people’s scientific curiosity about the void. C．It leads people to understate Earth’s unique qualities. D．It comes from the universe’s coldness to human existence. 6．Why does the author reject the temptation? A．He is a cosmologist who believes science. B．Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C．Human experiences differ from those in voids. D．Earth’s small size and short life makes it unique. 7．What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A．To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B．To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C．To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D．To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Cosmic Voids: A Scientist’s Technical Analysis B．Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C．Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D．The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨面对宇宙的虚无，人类应如何在其中寻找意义与价值。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism (虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. (当凝视宇宙的浩瀚虚无时，人们难免会被诱惑，以虚无主义的眼光看待我们这个渺小的世界。觉得我们的伟大成就微不足道，我们的历史未能留下任何印记，我们的关切与焦虑都毫无意义。)”可知，这种“诱惑”会导致人们低估地球的独特品质。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation.(我花费了多年时间去探究宇宙空洞所带给我们的启示。在研究的过程中，我逐渐学会了抵制这种诱惑。)”和第四段中的“Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art.(地球仍然是整个宇宙中已知的唯一有意识的生物抬起好奇的眼睛望向天空并感到好奇的地方。地球是已知的唯一人类可以生存的地方。它是已知的唯一有笑声、爱、愤怒和喜悦存在的地方。唯一已知的可以找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。)”可知，第四段中用排比句式强调地球是宇宙中已知的唯一存在“有意识的生物”、人类情感和艺术的地方，由此可知，地球是已知的人类唯一能有各种体验的地方，所以作者在研究过程中逐渐学会了抵制这种诱惑。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation.(虚空的存在保证了相反的情况；它们创造对比；它们充满潜力。我们从失去中感受到的痛苦是对深爱的生命礼物的最后提醒。演出前的沉默充满了强烈的期待。)”可推断，第五段的主要目的是解析生活中的空虚如何赋予意义。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose.(我们的工作是让宇宙充满意义和目的。)”可知，作者反对宇宙的虚无使人陷入无意义论，强调人类情感、艺术和存在的独特性，倡导在宏大宇宙中主动创造的意义，所以，“填补空虚：在浩瀚宇宙中寻找意义”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $