专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东实验中学·期末） If there was an app claiming to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it? It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups. In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted (使分心) by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer. Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help. While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual. 1．In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers? A．In testing results. B．In work processes. C．In bodily functions. D．In training methods. 2．What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps? A．Simple. B．Effective. C．Demanding. D．Interesting. 3．What do critics think memory training apps lack? A．Legal claims. B．Proven effects. C．Tailored services. D．Appealing concepts 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Can Our Memory be Improved? B．Does Brain Training Actually Work? C．What have Scientists Found about Memory? D．What does the Brain Training Industry Bring? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是议论文，文章对经过良好设计的大脑练习能够改善记忆力的有效性进行讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups.”（他们将大脑与肌肉进行比较，表明有针对性的重复记忆练习可以加强和调节我们的记忆过程，类似于运动员通过反复锻炼特定肌肉群来增强力量和调节能力）可知，许多研究者认为大脑类似于肌肉，也可以通过重复的练习来得到加强和调节，即训练方法相似，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape.”（与解决复杂谜题等日常活动不同，记忆训练应用程序是专门为大脑提供更具挑战性的锻炼而设计的。这些应用通常涉及需要跟踪大量对象的任务，同时被次要任务分散注意力，例如心算或探索游戏景观。）可知，记忆训练应用程序中典型任务的主要特点是具有挑战性，非常苛刻，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. ”（然而，批评者认为，尽管这个概念很吸引人，但总体证据未能证明大脑核心过程有显著改善。”）可知，批评者认为记忆训练应用程序缺乏经过证实的效果，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通过全文可知，文章的话题是通过手机应用程序进行大脑训练可以提高记忆力，但批评者对这些应用程序的有效性表示怀疑。虽然证据显示短期记忆训练对高功能人群有益，但大脑训练并不是对每个人都有效，故B “大脑训练真的有效吗”契合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） No doubt there are ups and downs in life. Whatever the situation is, you shouldn’t lose your joy of life. Life is for a limited time only and no one knows how long he/she will live, so why do you waste your time in worrying about the things that are beyond your control? Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally (无条件地). You enjoy good days but you also need to learn how to enjoy bad days, even enjoy your pain. In 2016 I suffered a sudden heart attack. My colleagues called an ambulance (救护车) and I was taken to hospital with much pain in my chest. Before reaching hospital, I was totally exhausted with pain and was going to lose control of my emotions. Then the doctor in the ambulance said, “Don’t worry; you are in safe hands.” His words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be happy that my life was safe. At that time, I learnt an important lesson that in pain there is a hidden joy and we must see the bright side and enjoy pain. You not only enjoy success but you also need to learn to enjoy failure. Celebrating failure will raise your morale and make you more powerful and determined to achieve success. We all make mistakes in life, but only the courageous (勇敢的) people laugh at their mistakes and then they reach success without any spiritual burden (负担). A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad situation into his/her favor (有利条件) is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life. 1．What does the author mainly tell us in the first paragraph? A．Life is full of ups and downs. B．People’s lives only last a limited period. C．We should enjoy our life unconditionally. D．Bad situations can be changed into good ones. 2．Why did the author still feel happy when experiencing much pain? A．His colleagues were always with him. B．He could be looked after by his parents. C．He planned to enjoy the last days in life. D．His doctor made him realize the value of being alive. 3．The underlined word “morale” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”. A．talent B．confidence C．pleasure D．inspiration 4．The author thinks that the wisest person ______. A．never laughs at others B．has strong determination C．is ready to do others a favor D．is good at learning from mistakes 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。人生短暂，我们要珍惜宝贵的时间，即使在困境中也要无条件地享受生活。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，结合最后一句“Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally (无条件地).(要快乐，无条件地享受你的生活)”可知，作者在第一段里说生活总会有起伏，但人生短暂，我们没必要为不可控制的事情担忧，不要失去生活的乐趣，应该无条件地享受生活。无条件地享受生活是作者在本文提出的论点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“His words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be happy that my life was safe.(他的话带走了我所有的痛苦，因为我开始意识到没有时间去担心痛苦，而是应该为我的活着而感到高兴)”可知，医生的话使作者意识到，他不应该为疼痛而担忧，而应该为仍然活着而高兴。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“make you more powerful and determined to achieve success(让你更强大，更有决心取得成功)”可知，作者是说庆祝失败可以增加你的“信心”，使你更有力量，更有决心去取得胜利。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad situation into his/her favor (有利条件) is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.(一个从错误中学习并知道如何将糟糕的情况转化为有利条件的人是最聪明的人，他/她真正享受他/她的生活)”可知，作者认为善于从错误中学习，懂得将不好的境况转变为自己的优势的人是最聪明的人，也是真正会享受生活的人。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） In this modern age, most of us have forgotten to be patient and get angry very quickly over minor things like a traffic jam, a baby crying and such things. It often seems so easy to get what we want right away that when we have to wait even a little while, it seems like we are waiting for ages. We used to be happy to wait 10-15 minutes it took to reheat food in the oven (烤箱), but now we’re impatient when waiting two minutes it takes in the microwave. With the convenience provided by modern society, is patience still a virtue (美德) in the fast-paced world? To begin with, I’d like to share the meaning of the word “patience”. Generally it means being able to tolerate delay without getting impatient. However, it isn’t necessarily a passive activity. It takes an active commitment, knowing when to take action and when not to. So I would argue that patience is still — and always — a virtue. Sure. I used to be one of those who often stared at the microwave for the full two minutes it took to heat my food. And in the end, the food tasted bad. If l had had the patience to heat the food properly in the oven, I would have enjoyed a delicious meal. Actually the benefits of patience go beyond just heating up our food. Patience is an exercise in self-control which shows that we can handle life problems when things get tough, and that we can exercise good judgment. Lack of patience can cause us to make wrong decisions that negatively affect our health and happiness, waste our time, put us under a lot of stress and affect our relationships in a very negative way. Everything in life happens for a reason. Sometimes we face an obstacle (障碍) because we need to grow in ways we didn’t realize. It’s not always obvious when that was happening, but with patience we will soon see clearly why it happened; and what we were meant to learn from it. Taking time to think about our actions and being patient are a small price to pay when we determine the best possible solution to any problems. 1．The author uses the example of reheating food to show that . A．people have no time to enjoy the meal B．high technology brings more benefits C．more people lack patience now D．the fast-paced life makes people stressed 2．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．People under stress tend to get angry. B．Patient people are more likely to make better decisions. C．People with self-control are easier to succeed. D．Patient people are unlikely to make mistakes. 3．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A．A wise man learns from experience. B．A brave man is not afraid of challenges. C．A man should find out reasons for what happened. D．A man should be patient to deal with difficulties. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The causes of impatience. B．Ways to exercise patience. C．Is patience really a virtue? D．What does “patience” mean? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。作者通过现代人缺乏耐心，讲述了耐心仍旧是一种美德，是处理问题，做处正确决定必须的品德，倡议人们要学会有耐心。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In this modern age, most of us have forgotten to be patient and get angry very quickly over minor things like a traffic jam, a baby crying and such things.(在这个现代社会，我们大多数人都忘记了要有耐心，并且会因为一些小事情很快就会生气，比如交通堵塞，婴儿哭闹等等)”提到在这个时代，我们中的大多数人都忘记了耐心，并很快就会因为小事而生气，下文举例“We used to be happy to wait 10 - 15 minutes it took to reheat food in the oven(烤箱), but now we’re impatient when waiting two minutes it takes in the microwave.( 我们过去很高兴等待在烤箱中重新加热食物需要的10-15分钟，但现在我们等待两分钟时就不耐烦了，这是微波炉需要的时间)”可推断作者使用加热食物的例子是为了表明现在更多的人缺乏耐心。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Patience is an exercise in self-control which shows that we can exercise good judgment. Lack of patience can cause us to make wrong decisions(耐心是一种自我控制的锻炼，表明我们可以行使良好的判断力。缺乏耐心会导致我们做出错误的决定)”可推断，有耐心的人往往会做出更好的决定。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Sometimes we face an obstacle(障碍) because we need to grow in ways we didn't realize. It's not always obvious when that was happening, but with patience we will soon see clearly why it occurred and what we were meant to learn from it.(有时我们面临一个障碍，因为我们需要以我们没有意识到的方式成长。当这种情况发生时并不总是显而易见的，但有了耐心，我们很快就会明白为什么会发生这种情况，以及我们应该从它中学到什么)”可推断，一个人应该耐心地处理困难。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段作者提出现代人缺乏耐心，二、三段阐述耐心是一种美德；第四段阐述耐心的益处；第五段阐述处理困难要有耐心；第六段阐述做决定需要耐心。因此推断文章主要阐述耐心是一种美德。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·山东省济宁·期末） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“口音和方言”这一主题，阐述对口音和方言的狭隘观念需要被超越，并强调语言差异对于了解人们文化经历和背景的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”可知，作者认为朋友们的回答并没有理解他提到的“口音”的真正含义，即口音是每个人都有的，而不是只有非标准语言使用者才有。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is wellformed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?(每个人也都说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言变体，以其结构、短语和词汇的变化为特征。例如，“You got eat or not？”（意思是“你吃饭了吗？”）在新加坡英语口语中是一个可接受且能被理解的问题。这个表达会让标准美式英语的说话者感到困惑，但这并不意味着新加坡英语口语是“错误的”或“不符合语法的”。根据新加坡英语母语者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构完整，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就说是错误的呢？)”可知，作者举了新加坡英语口语的例子是为了证明方言使用的合理性，因为方言只是语言的一种变体，有其独特的结构和表达方式，不能仅因为其不同于标准语言就认为是错误的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念——这对每个人都有好处。这样的语言差异提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。在全球化的时代，一个人的说话方式是其身份的独特组成部分。大多数人都很乐意谈论自己言语背后的文化。我们将更多地了解我们所生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友”。)”可知，作者建议我们要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念，欣赏口音和方言的价值，因为它们提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”引出本文主题，即每个人都有口音，文章接着详细论述了口音和方言的多样性、存在的合理性以及欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东威海·期末） The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 1．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 2．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 3．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 4．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers.(最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，ditching电子阅读器)”可知，最新调查说明电子书不如纸质书，所以这里指一个学校“放弃”电子书，从而推测 ditching为“放弃”的意思。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“E-books may come with ‘navigational tools,’ but it turns out the best navigational tools are the ‘devices’ at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward. (电子书可能会附带‘导航工具’，但事实证明，最好的导航工具是你手臂末端的‘设备’。你可以使用它们向前和向后翻页)”可推知，这里手臂末端的“设备”应指的是手指。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward.(诚然，电子书比纸质书更轻，但人们必须质疑这是否真的是一种优势。在中学时，我的身材实际上因每天需要背课本而发生了变化。对我和我的同学们来说，这些沉重的书会把我们的肩膀向后拉，把我们的胸部向前拉)”可推知，作者用本段中的例子来支持作者的论点——纸质书比电子书更好些。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that ‘the ease of navigation (导航)’ was greater when using a traditional book.(印刷好的书回来了。最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，放弃了电子阅读器。学生们发现，当使用传统书籍时，‘导航的便利性’更高)”以及下文可知，文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。故选A项。 Passage 3 （18-19学年高一上·山东德州·期末） “More and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods. The rapid development of third⁃party mobile payment tools is helping to encourage cashless payment across the country,” said Dong Ximiao, a researcher at Renmin University of China. Although there were 3.4 billion third⁃party payment accounts in total in China in 2016, China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed countries like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase. However, the rapid development of the cashless payment does not mean there are no challenges or criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema store has come under the spotlight (成为焦点) recently. The media said that consumers couldn’t buy goods in cash there, which would be considered illegal. Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third⁃party mobile payment tools, also launched campaigns this month to encourage more people to use cashless payment methods, which caused concern over whether cash will soon disappear. “Some offline sellers refuse to accept cash, which influences the natural circulation (流通) of cash,” said Dong. He stressed that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “Also it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population live in the country, and they are unable to enjoy innovation (革新) brought by the Internet,” said Dong. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily lives,” he added. “It’s ridiculous (荒谬的) to question digital payment tools’ contribution to financial development. In the long term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’ payment habits,” Dong noted. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．The economic activity. B．A large amount of payment. C．The development of the economy. D．The cashless payment. 2．Why has Alibaba’s Hema store become a focus? A．It fights against illegal activities. B．Customers are not permitted to use cash there. C．It provides comprehensive services. D．It starts campaigns to encourage mobile payment. 3．What is Dong Ximiao’s attitude towards the payment in the future? A．The cashless payment should be limited in the countryside. B．The innovation from payment is ridiculous in fact. C．Various payment methods should be supported. D．The digital payment should replace cash completely. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Innovation on the Internet B．Cash or cashless? C．Payment online should replace cash D．Is the circulation of cash dying? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。中国推动无现金支付，第三方支付快速发展，但是却又面临挑战，阿里巴巴的盒马店引起争议，无论现金或无现金支付，都应尊重消费者的支付习惯。 1．词句推测题。根据第二段“Although there were 3.4 billion third⁃party payment accounts in total in China in 2016, China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed countries like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase. (尽管2016年中国共有34亿第三方支付账户，但中国并不是第一个寻求无现金社会的国家。瑞典、丹麦和新加坡等发达国家也看到了that的增长。)”可知，2016年中国共有3.4亿第三方支付账户，但中国不是第一个寻求无现金社会的国家。瑞典，丹麦和新加坡等发达国家也在增长。由此可推测that指代的是“无现金支付（The cashless payment）”。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Alibaba’s Hema store has come under the spotlight (成为焦点) recently. The media said that consumers couldn’t buy goods in cash there, which would be considered illegal. (阿里巴巴的盒马店最近受到了人们的关注。媒体说，消费者不能在那里用现金购买商品，否则将被视为非法.)”可知，阿里巴巴的盒马店中，消费者不能用现金购买商品，而这被视为非法行为，故引起大家关注。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“In the long term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’ payment habits.’ Dong noted. (‘从长远来看，消费者会使用各种支付方式，商家应该尊重消费者的支付习惯。’董说。)”可知，Dong认为应该尊重各种付款方式，各种付款方式都应该被鼓励使用。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文讲述的是中国推动无现金支付，第三方支付快速发展，但是却又面临挑战，阿里巴巴的盒马店引起争议，无论现金或无现金支付，都应尊重消费者的支付习惯。B项“Cash or Cashless? (现金还是无现金？)”符合主旨，概括了文章内容又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside. However, due to the rapid upward trend in house prices in cities, people are increasingly choosing to move to a rural(乡村的) area. Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country. Living in the city continues to be extremely popular. The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work. Infrastructure is one of the biggest advantages of cities. A well-developed network of public transportation often makes that a car is not absolutely necessary. In the countryside, on the other hand, you almost always need a car to be flexible(灵活的). Related to infrastructure, mobility is also an argument for living in the city. Very often, rural regions are not or only connected to the rail network and also do not have an adequate bus system. In the cities, there is a wide range of entertaining options, from cultural opportunities and other clubs. The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities. The expansion of digital networks is still in its beginnings in some rural regions. Here, the city clearly has the better offer. However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the main topic. B．To raise readers’ interest. C．To put forward a reason. D．To present different opinions. 2．What resulted in the growth of the population in cities? A．Colorful outdoor activities. B．Low housing prices. C．More job opportunities. D．Strong cultural atmosphere. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards life in the countryside? A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Grateful. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The means of transportation in the city. B．The similarities between different cultures. C．The advantages of living in the countryside. D．The different views on living in the city or the rural area. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是篇议论文。在城市生活好还是在农村生活好？文章就这一话题，对生活在城市和农村的优缺点分别进行了阐述和讨论。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country.”（理由足以让我们仔细看看是住在城市还是住在乡村）可知，第一段提出了住在城市还是住在农村都是有一定理由的；而第二、三、四段主要是描述了住在城市或农村各自的利弊，是对住在城市或农村选择的解释说明，所以第一段是为了引出主要话题的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work.”（生活在农村地区的人口比例自19世纪中叶以工业化为标志以来一直在下降，越来越多的人到城市去找工作。）可知，自工业化以来，城市的就业机会增多，越来越多的人到城市去找工作，导致了农村人口的减少和城市人口的增长。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities.”（然而，后者也越来越多地出现在农村。此外，农村地区还提供了许多户外活动的选择。）和最后一段“However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas.”（然而，这种情况将会改变，各种研究项目和扩大数字网络的计划都旨在促进农村居民区的连接。）可知，作者认为虽然农村生活目前还有一些不便，但今后会逐渐改变，作者对此是持乐观态度的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside.”（关于住在城市好还是住在农村好这个问题，人们意见不一。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了人们对于住在城市还是农村所持有的不同观点。故选D。 Passage 5 （22-23学年高一上·山东省实验·期末） Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1? A．All of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are hard to preserve. C．People want to preserve the historic feel. D．They are more pleasing than modern ones. 2．What is the author’s attitude to coexistence of old buildings and new ones? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Conservative. D．Favourable. 3．What does the phrase “move things forward” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Destroy old buildings. B．Put things in a different place. C．Choose new architectural styles. D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久地区的老建筑旁边。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”（并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。）可知，并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力，由此可知，从第1段中我们可以了解到不是所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.”（在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存。）可知，作者认为新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存，由此可知，作者对新旧建筑共存的态度是支持的。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.”（如果我们总是复制以前的样子，我们都仍然会住在洞穴里。）可知，作者认为如果我们不选择新的建筑样式，总是复制以前的建筑风格，那么现在我们将仍然会住在洞穴里，由此可知，作者认为建筑师有责任选择新的建筑样式，推动建筑的发展，“Choose new architectural styles”意为“选择新的建筑样式”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?”（我们是否应该允许在城市历史区的老建筑旁边建造现代建筑？）可知，文章主要针对现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区进行了争论，由此可知，文章主要目的是争论现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B项。 Passage 6 （21-22学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） It is natural for young people to admire an cool model — looking young “idols”. We spend a lot of time caring about them — even more time than we spend on our studies or work. We often wonder what makes them so popular? What could I do to be cool like them? Well, guess what? Many of your idols are only made to “look”cool. If you could see into their private lives, you would find these stars aren’t so bright. Their beauty is only skin-deep. Some of them might not be as honest, kind or hard-working, as you are! They don’t deserve (值得) the popularity that they enjoy at all! When I was a teenager, I, along with most of my classmates, had worshiped pop idols, too. Then, one day, I discovered Leonard Cohen and Neil Young. They were ordinary-looking people who played the guitar while sitting on a stool (凳子). They wore no flashy clothes, and they had no screaming fans. They didn’t need to be flashy because their songs were great and meaningful. They told the truth: Life is hard and the road you take might sometimes be lonely. Most of all, they taught me that it was okay if I was not popular and cool all of the time. I still listen to them today. Modern “idol culture” often sends the wrong message that life is always easy and fun. But the best actors, the top-ranking sports stars and the most creative scientists all have scars from the stress of dealing with many life difficulties. Many of the successful “outgoing” people we admire today were shy when they were teenagers. Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should praise people who teach us important values that can help to guide us on the road ahead. The next time you see some pretty, popular “stars”, ask yourself: Do I really need these people in my life? 1．What kind of idol is worth admiring according to the passage? A．One who appears so cool. B．One who wears flashy clothes. C．One who has a beautiful appearance. D．One who impresses us with good values. 2．The author gave his own idol experience in Paragraph 3 mainly to ________. A．make a judgment B．support an opinion C．make a comparison D．present a result 3．What can we know about the modern idol culture? A．It often misleads teenagers. B．It always sends wrong messages. C．Idols have ups and downs in life. D．Idols were shy when they were teenagers. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Do as Idols Do B．Try to Be a Cool Idol C．Follow a Popular Idol D．Say No to Wrong Idols 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲道理和举例子的方式指出，现代偶像文化经常传递出一种错误的信息，误导青少年，进而提出青少年应以能教给我们重要价值观的人作为偶像这一观点。 1．细节理解题。最后一段“Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should praise people who teach us important values that can help to guide us on the road ahead. (偶像可以作为我们生活中重要的榜样，所以选择正确的偶像是非常重要的。我们应该赞美那些教给我们重要价值观的人，他们可以帮助我们在前进的道路上指引我们)”可知，本文认为教给我们重要价值观的人才是值得我们仰慕的偶像。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。作者在第三段中例举了自己青少年时期的两个偶像Leonard Cohen和Neil Young，两人与其他偶像不同，他们是坐在凳子上弹吉他的普通人。他们没有穿华丽的衣服，也没有尖叫的粉丝。他们不需要浮华，因为他们的歌曲很棒，有意义。作者讲述Leonard Cohen和Neil Young的经历是为证明他想表达的观点“Life is hard and the road you take might sometimes be lonely. Most of all, they taught me that it was okay if I was not popular and cool all of the time. (生活是艰难的，你所走的道路有时可能是孤独的。最重要的是，他们教会了我，如果我不受欢迎，不酷，也没关系)”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Modem ‘idol culture’ often sends the wrong message that life is always easy and fun.(现代的“偶像文化”经常传递出一种错误的信息，即生活总是轻松和有趣的)”可知，现代偶像文化经常传递出一种错误的信息。由此推知，它会误导青少年。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章告诉我们现代偶像文化经常传递出一种错误的信息，误导青少年，我们应以能教给我们重要价值观的人作为偶像。D项“对不合适的偶像说不”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 7 （20-21学年高一上·山东省潍坊·期末） Searches on Google, finding friends through Facebook and being able to buy simply anything on Amazon have all been made possible thanks to major leaps forward in technology over the past 15 years. However, that comes at a price. As our lives are gradually automated, many people are losing their jobs. And advancing technology has not delivered jobs as it should. At the end of 2015 a total of 74, 505 employees were working for Google's Alphabet and Facebook, accounting for less than a third of Microsoft's total staff. However, the combined stock-market value of these companies was twice as big as Microsoft's. Newcomer tech giants in the market are in need of even fewer workers. In 2016, semiconductor manufacturers slashed their number of workers by half to just 359,000. Despite major concerns about the future of jobs and the economy in general, 140 years of data has shown technology as a whole has actually brought to life more jobs than it has ended. Technology has been described as a “great job-creating machine”. For instance, while roles in the agriculture, washers, and examples of repetitive services, have decreased, there has been a rise in caring posts, such as teaching, educational support assistants; welfare, housing, youth and community workers; and care workers and home caring. The aging battle between man and machine will continue as it has for centuries. The question is “Are machines taking over our jobs, or is our workload being eased by their presence?” This will be an ongoing debate especially with the current rise in machine learning technology and artificial intelligence. 1．What does the underlined word “slashed” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Cut. B．Increased. C．Counted. D．Predicted. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? A．Introduce a view. B．Prove a theory. C．State the opposite. D．Draw a conclusion. 3．What posts are on the rise thanks to the development of technology? A．Farmers. B．Washers. C．Miners. D．Teachers. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is technology leading us nowhere? B．Is technological progress real progress? C．Does technology destroy or create jobs? D．Does technology bring convenience to humans? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就技术是破坏还是创造了就业机会这一问题展开了论述，指出随着我们的生活逐渐自动化，许多人正在失去工作。但尽管人们对就业和整体经济的未来存在重大担忧，但140年的数据显示，技术作为一个整体带来的工作实际上比它结束的工作更多。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Newcomer tech giants in the market are in need of even fewer workers.”以及后文“their number of workers by half to just 359,000”可知，市场上的新科技巨头需要的工人更少，2016年，半导体制造商将工人数量削减了一半，只有35.9万人。故画线词意思是“削减”。A. Cut.削减；B. Increased.增加；C. Counted.计算；D. Predicted.预测。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite major concerns about the future of jobs and the economy in general, 140 years of data has shown technology as a whole has actually brought to life more jobs than it has ended. Technology has been described as a “great job-creating machine”. For instance, while roles in the agriculture, washers, and examples of repetitive services, have decreased, there has been a rise in caring posts, such as teaching, educational support assistants; welfare, housing, youth and community workers; and care workers and home caring.(尽管人们对就业和整体经济的未来存在重大担忧，但140年的数据显示，技术作为一个整体带来的工作实际上比它结束的工作更多。技术被形容为“创造就业的伟大机器”。例如，虽然在农业、洗衣和重复性服务方面的角色减少了，但在护理岗位，如教学、教育支助助理等方面却有所增加；福利、住房、青年和社区工作者; 护理人员和家庭护理)”可推知，第三段旨在陈述相反的观点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“there has been a rise in caring posts, such as teaching, educational support assistants(在护理岗位，如教学、教育支助助理等方面却有所增加)”可知，由于技术的发展，老师的职位正在增加。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The question is “Are machines taking over our jobs, or is our workload being eased by their presence?” This will be an ongoing debate especially with the current rise in machine learning technology and artificial intelligence.(问题是“机器是在接管我们的工作，还是它们的存在减轻了我们的工作量？”随着机器学习技术和人工智能的兴起，这将是一场持续的辩论)”结合文章主要就技术是破坏还是创造了就业机会这一问题展开了论述，指出随着我们的生活逐渐自动化，许多人正在失去工作。但尽管人们对就业和整体经济的未来存在重大担忧，但140年的数据显示，技术作为一个整体带来的工作实际上比它结束的工作更多。可知，C选项“技术是破坏还是创造了就业机会？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 8 （19-20学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Are Superheroes Good Role Models? Superheroes are everywhere. But what effect, if any, do superheroes have on our behavior? Some experts believe superheroes may have a particularly important influence on children. Children have very limited control over many areas of their lives. Therefore, pretending to be a superhero allows a child to act out and process any anxiety that they have, and thereby overcome or reduce hidden fears, says Dr. Amy Bailey, a clinical psychologist. Bailey adds, “The risk to superhero play is that sometimes children’s behavior can become out of control and turn into chaotic play as a child becomes completely lost in these roles.” She advises parents to keep children away from more aggressive(暴力的) shows and to have children focus on “other positive characteristics of their favorite hero, such as their clever thinking and care of others.” Concern over the possible effect of aggressive behavior has led  to  some  schools  banning(禁止) superhero play from the classroom. Other psychologists(心理学家) share this concern. Some point to the change of the superhero over time, and are dissatisfied with modern images. “There is a big difference in the movie superhero of today and the comic book superhero of yesterday,” says Sharon Lamb. She compares the selfish, playboy millionaire Tony Stark (Iron Man) to a superhero of the past, such as Superman. Superman, she points out, had a real job as a newspaper reporter and was devoted to fighting injustice(不公平). More recent characters such as Iron Man “take advantage of women, show off wealth, and show their manhood with high-powered guns.” Jeff Greenberg, a social psychology professor, has his own idea of modern superheroes. According to him, superheroes give children confidence and can deliver a positive moral message. Many superheroes-such as Spider-Man or Superman-use their powers to protect the weak. And more modern superheroes such as Daredevil, who is blind, and Charles Xavier (Professor X), who is disabled, bring diversity(多样性) and present positive images of disability. 1．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Children should be kept away from superhero movies. B．Superheroes can have a powerful impact on children. C．The concept of the superhero has changed over time. D．Superheroes can encourage children to be confident. 2．Which match agrees with the passage? a. Superman b. Iron Man c. Professor X d. Spider-man 1. He is self-centered and is not a good role model for children. 2. He shows a narrow image of manhood. 3. He shows children that it’s OK to be different. 4. He empowers children and stands for justice. A．a--2. B．b--4. C．c--3. D．d--1. 3．What does the underlined part refer to? A．The ban on superhero play in classroom. B．The possible effect on aggressive behavior. C．The various characteristics of superheroes. D．The belief of children in superhuman strength. 4．How does the writer get the main idea across? ① It provides hard scientific evidence. ② It quotes psychologists’ remarks. ③ It offers the writer’s own opinion. ④ It discusses both sides of the issue. A．① ③ B．② ③ C．② ④ D．① ④ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了超级英雄游戏对孩子是有好的影响还是不好的影响。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Some experts believe superheroes may have a particularly important influence on children.”可知，一些专家认为超级英雄可能对儿童有特别重要的影响，因此，文章主要讨论的是超级英雄会对孩子们产生很大的影响，故B项正确。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And more modern superheroes such as Daredevil, who is blind, and Charles Xavier (Professor X), who is disabled, bring diversity(多样性) and present positive images of disability.”可知，更多的现代超级英雄，如盲人“敢死队”和残疾人查尔斯·泽维尔（X教授），带来了不同的超级英雄形象，并呈现出积极的残疾人形象，由此可知，X教授向孩子们展示是可以与众不同的，故C项正确。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句话“Concern over the possible effect of aggressive behavior has led  to  some  schools  banning(禁止) superhero play from the classroom.”可知，对攻击性行为可能产生的影响的担心导致一些学校禁止孩子们在教室里玩扮演超级英雄的游戏，再根据画线词后的“Some point to the change of the superhero over time, and are dissatisfied with modern images.”有些人指出超级英雄随着时间的推移而发生了变化，并对现代形象不满，这说明其他心理学家也有同样的担忧——担心攻击性行为可能产生的影响，由此可知，画线词指的就是“攻击性行为可能产生的影响”，故B项正确。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Bailey adds, “The risk to superhero play is that sometimes children’s behavior can become out of control and turn into chaotic play as a child becomes completely lost in these roles.””及第四段中的““There is a big difference in the movie superhero of today and the comic book superhero of yesterday,” says Sharon Lamb.”可知，作者引用了心理学家贝莉和莎伦·拉姆的话，再根据第二段中的“pretending to be a superhero allows a child to act out and process any anxiety that they have, and thereby overcome or reduce hidden fears”（假扮超级英雄可以让孩子表现出并处理他们所拥有的任何焦虑，从而克服或减少隐藏的恐惧）及第三段中的“The risk to superhero play is that sometimes children’s behavior can become out of control and turn into chaotic play as a child becomes completely lost in these roles.”（扮演超级英雄游戏的风险在于，有时孩子的行为会变得失控，变成混乱的游戏，因为孩子完全迷失在这些角色中）及第四段中的“Other psychologists(心理学家) share this concern. Some point to the change of the superhero over time, and are dissatisfied with modern images.”（其他心理学家也担心孩子在游戏中的攻击性行为可能产生不利影响，有些人指出超级英雄随着时间的推移而发生了变化，并对现代形象不满）可知，作者讨论了超级英雄游戏给孩子带来的利弊两个方面，因此作者是通过以上两种方法表达主题思想的，故C项正确。 【点睛】指代猜测形式的词义猜题难度较大，对画线词上文的理解是关键，因为这种指代关系往往存在于画线词与上文的某一（些）名词或名词性短语之中，同时画线词后的句子也是重要的线索，因为其往往会对画线词起到举例说明或解释说明的作用，例如本篇第2题，根据第三段最后一句话“Concern over the possible effect of aggressive behavior has led  to  some  schools  banning(禁止) superhero play from the classroom.”可知，对攻击性行为可能产生的影响的担心导致一些学校禁止孩子们在教室里玩扮演超级英雄的游戏，再根据画线词后的“Some point to the change of the superhero over time, and are dissatisfied with modern images.”有些人指出超级英雄随着时间的推移而发生了变化，并对现代形象不满，这是对画线词所在句的举例说明，说明其他心理学家也有同样的担忧——担心攻击性行为可能产生的影响，由此可知，画线词指的就是“攻击性行为可能产生的影响”，故B项正确。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 3．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 4．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能不仅融入日常生活，还反映人类价值观，提醒人们言行一致。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves.(理解这项强大的技术将如何改变我们的日常活动和体验是很重要的。但这并不是the whole picture。我们还需要密切关注我们如何构建和塑造人工智能本身，以及这一过程向我们展示了什么关于我们自己的信息)”可知，“the whole picture”指的是人工智能与人类之间的相互作用，即人工智能如何影响人类以及人类如何塑造人工智能。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法).(我们创造的每一个AI系统都像一面镜子，清晰地反映着我们的价值观和观点。以招聘算法为例)”可推知，作者提到招聘算法是为了支持其关于人工智能反映人类价值观和观点的论点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles.(随着人工智能变得越来越强大，我们必须更加努力地确保我们的行动遵循我们的原则)”可Yui知，作者建议我们言行一致，确保行动符合原则。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see.(随着我们继续将人工智能融入生活，我们必须认识到，这些系统不仅仅预测我们的行为；它们还反映了我们的性格。反思that reflection能让我们做出更好、更有原则的选择，但前提是我们愿意仔细观察，并为我们所看到的承担责任)”可知，此处“that reflection”指的是人工智能对我们心态的映射，即人工智能如何反映我们的思想和价值观。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东德州一中·期末） As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 1．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 4．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章分析了人工智能对园艺工作带来的好处和负面影响，表达了园艺工作者应该在接受创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients.(通过分析放置在花园里的各种传感器的数据，人工智能系统可以确定每种植物的特定需求，如光、水和营养。)”可知，人工智能对每一株植物的个性化的护理是基于传感器的数据。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening.(随着人工智能的不断发展，我们可以期待在园艺领域有更多创新的应用。)”等内容可知，第四段主要叙述了人工智能在园艺领域的未来发展。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution.(虽然人工智能为家庭园丁提供了许多好处，但谨慎对待这项技术很重要。)”可知，作者认为人工智能对园艺领域能够带来很多好处，但需要谨慎对待，所以持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge.(因此，对于园丁来说，在接受这些创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡是至关重要的。)”可知，作者认为在园艺领域应用人工智能这些创新技术时，要注意保持与保护传统知识之间的平衡，也就是要正确地应用人工智能技术，所以作者接下来可能会谈论在园艺领域如何正确应用人工智能。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it? New York City’s Department of Education recently banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions,” says the official statement, “it does not build critical-thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.” Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking. Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on. It’s hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chatbots may well speed up a trend (趋向) toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates. So how do we encourage young people to use their minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum (假象)? Teachers, of course, will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned, in-person, no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat. But we must also figure out how to do something new: how to use tools like GPT to inspire deeper thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can’t put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking. One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result. For instance, teachers might require four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, “the central nature of the process is revision.” Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on. Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner. 1．How does the author feel about the ban? A．Understandable. B．Irresponsible. C．Unwise. D．Necessary. 2．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice? A．Because students are digitally fluent. B．Because schools will defend the ban. C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing. D．Because people treasure critical thinking. 3．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6? A．By quoting others. B．By presenting facts. C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Is GPT a process or a result? B．Will GPT outperform students? C．Why Chatbots become a new trend? D．How can Chatbots serve education? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。针对纽约市教育部门最近禁止使用ChatGPT的事件，作者进行了分析和讨论，并认为禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应，使用ChatGPT依然需要人类进行理性思维和判断，甚至对人类的批判思考能力有更高的要求，我们应该学会很好地利用这种技术而不是禁止它。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking.(禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应。相反，我们必须找到一条前进的道路，让这些技术与学生的思维很好地结合在一起，而不是取代学生的思维。)”可知，作者认为这一禁令很不明智。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on.(学生们会找到绕开禁令的方法，这将引起教师和管理人员进一步的防御性反应，等等。)”可知，不可能在实践中禁止ChatGPT是因为学生们对数字技术很精通。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段最后五句“GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can’t put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking.(GPT通常生成流畅且“合理”的文本，但却是错误的。因此，使用它需要和写作一样的脑力劳动：形成观点，创建大纲，选择要解释哪些要点，哪些要点要放弃，寻找支持事实。GPT可以帮助完成这些任务，但它不能把它们放在一起。写一篇好文章仍然需要很多人的思考和工作。的确，写作就是思考，好的写作就是好的思考。)”可知，作者通过陈述事实来解释他的观点。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner.(人工智能有一天会超越人类的思维能力吗？也许吧，但现在，我们必须为自己考虑。像任何工具一样，只有当我们找不到方法让它成为我们的伙伴时，GPT才是思考的敌人。)”和全文内容可知，作者核心在讨论如何让ChatGPT服务教育而非在未来超过学生。故选D。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高一上·山东潍坊·期末） How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones? Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.” But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems. Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette. One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world! 1．What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Unacceptable. 2．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Stopped. B．Increased. C．Offered. D．Saved. 3．What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Concentrate on studies. B．Get a reward for offline time. C．Buy a new smartphone. D．Contact with the real world. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Benefits from Smartphones B．Addiction to Smartphones C．Development of Smartphones D．Disadvantages of Smartphones 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”)”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.(这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续打电话，他们会变得“焦虑”或“不安”，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可知，划线词所在句意为“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，划线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但最主要的，也许我们只是需要抬头，重新连接到现实世界！)”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期末） I teach online and have been doing so for years .I understand the value of traditional face-to-face course offerings for certain courses and certain subjects. I doubt an online course in chemistry can ever be as effective (有效的) as a face-to-face course held in a lab. Fortunately, I teach writing, and the Internet is an effective place for teaching subjects that call for careful reading and discussion. It is true that there are things I cannot do in my classes on the Internet. It is also true, however, that there are things I cannot do in my classes held in traditional classrooms. So the question we should ask is: What works better or worse in face-to-face classes rather than in online courses, and vice versa(反之亦然)? One of the things I value most in my online classes is the necessity for everyone to take part in order to show their presence. In my face-to-face classes, a student can sit quietly and appear to be engaged in(积极参与) the discussion without ever offering a thought or opinion. Online, I consider a student who sits quietly but who does not join in the discussion to be simply not present. Further, students in face-to-face classes who are too shy or who are talked over by quicker and louder voices have the chance to take part in an online discussion. When I teach online, my students and I can be inside or outside and we can sit wherever and however we want. In Michigan, where a winter storm can make going to campus dangerous or even impossible, the ability to learn in class from the comfort of wherever you live is a big advantage. When the weather is not nice, I often teach while sitting in a local coffee shop. When the weather is nice, I often teach while sitting in my backyard. I agree that online education is not a “recipe (秘诀)for personal success.” Then again, I’m not sure traditional face-to-face education is such a recipe, either. 1．What does the author think of online courses and traditional courses? A．Chemistry courses can be done online. B．Online courses are more popular. C．Traditional courses are more helpful. D．Both have their advantages. 2．How can shy students benefit from online discussion? A．They can do a better job than louder students. B．They can sit quietly to listen to others opinions. C．They can think independently and take an active part. D．They can appear to be engaged in online discussion. 3．Which advantage of online teaching is mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．It is much safer. B．It is less affected by weather. C．It is more comfortable. D．It happens anytime. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why I teach online. B．I’ m online. C．A recipe for success. D．A new teaching style. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文以作者自己的教学经历对比了传统教学和网络教学的优缺点，更侧重于强调网络教学的优势。但是作者同意网络教育并不是个人成功的“秘方”，传统的面对面教学也不是“良方”。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is true that there are things I cannot do in my classes on the Internet. It is also true, however, that there are things I cannot do in my classes held in traditional classrooms.” 可知，确实有些事情我不能在网络课堂上做。然而，在传统的课堂上，有些事情是我做不到的。所以作者认为传统课程和网络课程都有自己的优势。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In my face-to-face classes, a student can sit quietly and appear to be engaged in(积极参与) the discussion without ever offering a thought or opinion. Online, I consider a student who sits quietly but who does not join in the discussion to be simply not present.”可知，在我面对面的课堂上，一个学生可以安静地坐着，看起来像是在参与讨论，却从不提出任何想法或意见。在网络课堂中，我认为一个安静地坐着不参加讨论的学生根本就不存在。由此可知，在网络课堂中，害羞的孩子可以独立思考，积极参与。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In Michigan, where a winter storm can make going to campus dangerous or even impossible, the ability to learn in class from the comfort of wherever you live is a big advantage. When the weather is not nice, I often teach while sitting in a local coffee shop. When the weather is nice, I often teach while sitting in my backyard.”可知，在密歇根州，一场冬季暴风雪会让上学变得很危险，甚至是不可能上学，无论你住在哪里，在舒适的环境中，在课堂上学习的能力是一个很大的优势。 当天气不好的时候，我经常坐在当地的咖啡店里给学生上网课。 天气好的时候，我经常坐在后院给学生上网课。由此可知，第四段提到了网络教学的优点是网络教学受天气影响较小。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。短文以作者自己网络的教学经历对比了传统教学和网络教学的优缺点。更侧重于强调网络教学的优势。但是作者同意网络教育并不是个人成功的“秘方”，传统的面对面教学也不是“良方”。所以短文的最佳标题为“我为什么要网络教学”。故选A项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东实验中学·期末） If there was an app claiming to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it? It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups. In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted (使分心) by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer. Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help. While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual. 1．In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers? A．In testing results. B．In work processes. C．In bodily functions. D．In training methods. 2．What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps? A．Simple. B．Effective. C．Demanding. D．Interesting. 3．What do critics think memory training apps lack? A．Legal claims. B．Proven effects. C．Tailored services. D．Appealing concepts 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Can Our Memory be Improved? B．Does Brain Training Actually Work? C．What have Scientists Found about Memory? D．What does the Brain Training Industry Bring? Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） No doubt there are ups and downs in life. Whatever the situation is, you shouldn’t lose your joy of life. Life is for a limited time only and no one knows how long he/she will live, so why do you waste your time in worrying about the things that are beyond your control? Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally (无条件地). You enjoy good days but you also need to learn how to enjoy bad days, even enjoy your pain. In 2016 I suffered a sudden heart attack. My colleagues called an ambulance (救护车) and I was taken to hospital with much pain in my chest. Before reaching hospital, I was totally exhausted with pain and was going to lose control of my emotions. Then the doctor in the ambulance said, “Don’t worry; you are in safe hands.” His words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be happy that my life was safe. At that time, I learnt an important lesson that in pain there is a hidden joy and we must see the bright side and enjoy pain. You not only enjoy success but you also need to learn to enjoy failure. Celebrating failure will raise your morale and make you more powerful and determined to achieve success. We all make mistakes in life, but only the courageous (勇敢的) people laugh at their mistakes and then they reach success without any spiritual burden (负担). A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad situation into his/her favor (有利条件) is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life. 1．What does the author mainly tell us in the first paragraph? A．Life is full of ups and downs. B．People’s lives only last a limited period. C．We should enjoy our life unconditionally. D．Bad situations can be changed into good ones. 2．Why did the author still feel happy when experiencing much pain? A．His colleagues were always with him. B．He could be looked after by his parents. C．He planned to enjoy the last days in life. D．His doctor made him realize the value of being alive. 3．The underlined word “morale” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”. A．talent B．confidence C．pleasure D．inspiration 4．The author thinks that the wisest person ______. A．never laughs at others B．has strong determination C．is ready to do others a favor D．is good at learning from mistakes Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） In this modern age, most of us have forgotten to be patient and get angry very quickly over minor things like a traffic jam, a baby crying and such things. It often seems so easy to get what we want right away that when we have to wait even a little while, it seems like we are waiting for ages. We used to be happy to wait 10-15 minutes it took to reheat food in the oven (烤箱), but now we’re impatient when waiting two minutes it takes in the microwave. With the convenience provided by modern society, is patience still a virtue (美德) in the fast-paced world? To begin with, I’d like to share the meaning of the word “patience”. Generally it means being able to tolerate delay without getting impatient. However, it isn’t necessarily a passive activity. It takes an active commitment, knowing when to take action and when not to. So I would argue that patience is still — and always — a virtue. Sure. I used to be one of those who often stared at the microwave for the full two minutes it took to heat my food. And in the end, the food tasted bad. If l had had the patience to heat the food properly in the oven, I would have enjoyed a delicious meal. Actually the benefits of patience go beyond just heating up our food. Patience is an exercise in self-control which shows that we can handle life problems when things get tough, and that we can exercise good judgment. Lack of patience can cause us to make wrong decisions that negatively affect our health and happiness, waste our time, put us under a lot of stress and affect our relationships in a very negative way. Everything in life happens for a reason. Sometimes we face an obstacle (障碍) because we need to grow in ways we didn’t realize. It’s not always obvious when that was happening, but with patience we will soon see clearly why it happened; and what we were meant to learn from it. Taking time to think about our actions and being patient are a small price to pay when we determine the best possible solution to any problems. 1．The author uses the example of reheating food to show that . A．people have no time to enjoy the meal B．high technology brings more benefits C．more people lack patience now D．the fast-paced life makes people stressed 2．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．People under stress tend to get angry. B．Patient people are more likely to make better decisions. C．People with self-control are easier to succeed. D．Patient people are unlikely to make mistakes. 3．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A．A wise man learns from experience. B．A brave man is not afraid of challenges. C．A man should find out reasons for what happened. D．A man should be patient to deal with difficulties. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The causes of impatience. B．Ways to exercise patience. C．Is patience really a virtue? D．What does “patience” mean? 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·山东省济宁·期末） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东威海·期末） The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 1．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 2．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 3．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 4．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? Passage 3 （18-19学年高一上·山东德州·期末） “More and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods. The rapid development of third⁃party mobile payment tools is helping to encourage cashless payment across the country,” said Dong Ximiao, a researcher at Renmin University of China. Although there were 3.4 billion third⁃party payment accounts in total in China in 2016, China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed countries like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase. However, the rapid development of the cashless payment does not mean there are no challenges or criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema store has come under the spotlight (成为焦点) recently. The media said that consumers couldn’t buy goods in cash there, which would be considered illegal. Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third⁃party mobile payment tools, also launched campaigns this month to encourage more people to use cashless payment methods, which caused concern over whether cash will soon disappear. “Some offline sellers refuse to accept cash, which influences the natural circulation (流通) of cash,” said Dong. He stressed that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “Also it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population live in the country, and they are unable to enjoy innovation (革新) brought by the Internet,” said Dong. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily lives,” he added. “It’s ridiculous (荒谬的) to question digital payment tools’ contribution to financial development. In the long term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’ payment habits,” Dong noted. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．The economic activity. B．A large amount of payment. C．The development of the economy. D．The cashless payment. 2．Why has Alibaba’s Hema store become a focus? A．It fights against illegal activities. B．Customers are not permitted to use cash there. C．It provides comprehensive services. D．It starts campaigns to encourage mobile payment. 3．What is Dong Ximiao’s attitude towards the payment in the future? A．The cashless payment should be limited in the countryside. B．The innovation from payment is ridiculous in fact. C．Various payment methods should be supported. D．The digital payment should replace cash completely. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Innovation on the Internet B．Cash or cashless? C．Payment online should replace cash D．Is the circulation of cash dying? Passage 4 （22-23学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside. However, due to the rapid upward trend in house prices in cities, people are increasingly choosing to move to a rural(乡村的) area. Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country. Living in the city continues to be extremely popular. The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work. Infrastructure is one of the biggest advantages of cities. A well-developed network of public transportation often makes that a car is not absolutely necessary. In the countryside, on the other hand, you almost always need a car to be flexible(灵活的). Related to infrastructure, mobility is also an argument for living in the city. Very often, rural regions are not or only connected to the rail network and also do not have an adequate bus system. In the cities, there is a wide range of entertaining options, from cultural opportunities and other clubs. The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities. The expansion of digital networks is still in its beginnings in some rural regions. Here, the city clearly has the better offer. However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the main topic. B．To raise readers’ interest. C．To put forward a reason. D．To present different opinions. 2．What resulted in the growth of the population in cities? A．Colorful outdoor activities. B．Low housing prices. C．More job opportunities. D．Strong cultural atmosphere. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards life in the countryside? A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Grateful. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The means of transportation in the city. B．The similarities between different cultures. C．The advantages of living in the countryside. D．The different views on living in the city or the rural area. Passage 5 （22-23学年高一上·山东省实验·期末） Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1? A．All of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are hard to preserve. C．People want to preserve the historic feel. D．They are more pleasing than modern ones. 2．What is the author’s attitude to coexistence of old buildings and new ones? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Conservative. D．Favourable. 3．What does the phrase “move things forward” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Destroy old buildings. B．Put things in a different place. C．Choose new architectural styles. D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate. Passage 6 （21-22学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） It is natural for young people to admire an cool model — looking young “idols”. We spend a lot of time caring about them — even more time than we spend on our studies or work. We often wonder what makes them so popular? What could I do to be cool like them? Well, guess what? Many of your idols are only made to “look”cool. If you could see into their private lives, you would find these stars aren’t so bright. Their beauty is only skin-deep. Some of them might not be as honest, kind or hard-working, as you are! They don’t deserve (值得) the popularity that they enjoy at all! When I was a teenager, I, along with most of my classmates, had worshiped pop idols, too. Then, one day, I discovered Leonard Cohen and Neil Young. They were ordinary-looking people who played the guitar while sitting on a stool (凳子). They wore no flashy clothes, and they had no screaming fans. They didn’t need to be flashy because their songs were great and meaningful. They told the truth: Life is hard and the road you take might sometimes be lonely. Most of all, they taught me that it was okay if I was not popular and cool all of the time. I still listen to them today. Modern “idol culture” often sends the wrong message that life is always easy and fun. But the best actors, the top-ranking sports stars and the most creative scientists all have scars from the stress of dealing with many life difficulties. Many of the successful “outgoing” people we admire today were shy when they were teenagers. Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should praise people who teach us important values that can help to guide us on the road ahead. The next time you see some pretty, popular “stars”, ask yourself: Do I really need these people in my life? 1．What kind of idol is worth admiring according to the passage? A．One who appears so cool. B．One who wears flashy clothes. C．One who has a beautiful appearance. D．One who impresses us with good values. 2．The author gave his own idol experience in Paragraph 3 mainly to ________. A．make a judgment B．support an opinion C．make a comparison D．present a result 3．What can we know about the modern idol culture? A．It often misleads teenagers. B．It always sends wrong messages. C．Idols have ups and downs in life. D．Idols were shy when they were teenagers. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Do as Idols Do B．Try to Be a Cool Idol C．Follow a Popular Idol D．Say No to Wrong Idols Passage 7 （20-21学年高一上·山东省潍坊·期末） Searches on Google, finding friends through Facebook and being able to buy simply anything on Amazon have all been made possible thanks to major leaps forward in technology over the past 15 years. However, that comes at a price. As our lives are gradually automated, many people are losing their jobs. And advancing technology has not delivered jobs as it should. At the end of 2015 a total of 74, 505 employees were working for Google's Alphabet and Facebook, accounting for less than a third of Microsoft's total staff. However, the combined stock-market value of these companies was twice as big as Microsoft's. Newcomer tech giants in the market are in need of even fewer workers. In 2016, semiconductor manufacturers slashed their number of workers by half to just 359,000. Despite major concerns about the future of jobs and the economy in general, 140 years of data has shown technology as a whole has actually brought to life more jobs than it has ended. Technology has been described as a “great job-creating machine”. For instance, while roles in the agriculture, washers, and examples of repetitive services, have decreased, there has been a rise in caring posts, such as teaching, educational support assistants; welfare, housing, youth and community workers; and care workers and home caring. The aging battle between man and machine will continue as it has for centuries. The question is “Are machines taking over our jobs, or is our workload being eased by their presence?” This will be an ongoing debate especially with the current rise in machine learning technology and artificial intelligence. 1．What does the underlined word “slashed” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Cut. B．Increased. C．Counted. D．Predicted. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? A．Introduce a view. B．Prove a theory. C．State the opposite. D．Draw a conclusion. 3．What posts are on the rise thanks to the development of technology? A．Farmers. B．Washers. C．Miners. D．Teachers. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is technology leading us nowhere? B．Is technological progress real progress? C．Does technology destroy or create jobs? D．Does technology bring convenience to humans? Passage 8 （19-20学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Are Superheroes Good Role Models? Superheroes are everywhere. But what effect, if any, do superheroes have on our behavior? Some experts believe superheroes may have a particularly important influence on children. Children have very limited control over many areas of their lives. Therefore, pretending to be a superhero allows a child to act out and process any anxiety that they have, and thereby overcome or reduce hidden fears, says Dr. Amy Bailey, a clinical psychologist. Bailey adds, “The risk to superhero play is that sometimes children’s behavior can become out of control and turn into chaotic play as a child becomes completely lost in these roles.” She advises parents to keep children away from more aggressive(暴力的) shows and to have children focus on “other positive characteristics of their favorite hero, such as their clever thinking and care of others.” Concern over the possible effect of aggressive behavior has led  to  some  schools  banning(禁止) superhero play from the classroom. Other psychologists(心理学家) share this concern. Some point to the change of the superhero over time, and are dissatisfied with modern images. “There is a big difference in the movie superhero of today and the comic book superhero of yesterday,” says Sharon Lamb. She compares the selfish, playboy millionaire Tony Stark (Iron Man) to a superhero of the past, such as Superman. Superman, she points out, had a real job as a newspaper reporter and was devoted to fighting injustice(不公平). More recent characters such as Iron Man “take advantage of women, show off wealth, and show their manhood with high-powered guns.” Jeff Greenberg, a social psychology professor, has his own idea of modern superheroes. According to him, superheroes give children confidence and can deliver a positive moral message. Many superheroes-such as Spider-Man or Superman-use their powers to protect the weak. And more modern superheroes such as Daredevil, who is blind, and Charles Xavier (Professor X), who is disabled, bring diversity(多样性) and present positive images of disability. 1．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Children should be kept away from superhero movies. B．Superheroes can have a powerful impact on children. C．The concept of the superhero has changed over time. D．Superheroes can encourage children to be confident. 2．Which match agrees with the passage? a. Superman b. Iron Man c. Professor X d. Spider-man 1. He is self-centered and is not a good role model for children. 2. He shows a narrow image of manhood. 3. He shows children that it’s OK to be different. 4. He empowers children and stands for justice. A．a--2. B．b--4. C．c--3. D．d--1. 3．What does the underlined part refer to? A．The ban on superhero play in classroom. B．The possible effect on aggressive behavior. C．The various characteristics of superheroes. D．The belief of children in superhuman strength. 4．How does the writer get the main idea across? ① It provides hard scientific evidence. ② It quotes psychologists’ remarks. ③ It offers the writer’s own opinion. ④ It discusses both sides of the issue. A．① ③ B．② ③ C．② ④ D．① ④ 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 3．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 4．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东德州一中·期末） As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 1．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 4．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it? New York City’s Department of Education recently banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions,” says the official statement, “it does not build critical-thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.” Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking. Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on. It’s hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chatbots may well speed up a trend (趋向) toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates. So how do we encourage young people to use their minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum (假象)? Teachers, of course, will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned, in-person, no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat. But we must also figure out how to do something new: how to use tools like GPT to inspire deeper thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can’t put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking. One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result. For instance, teachers might require four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, “the central nature of the process is revision.” Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on. Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner. 1．How does the author feel about the ban? A．Understandable. B．Irresponsible. C．Unwise. D．Necessary. 2．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice? A．Because students are digitally fluent. B．Because schools will defend the ban. C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing. D．Because people treasure critical thinking. 3．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6? A．By quoting others. B．By presenting facts. C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Is GPT a process or a result? B．Will GPT outperform students? C．Why Chatbots become a new trend? D．How can Chatbots serve education? Passage 4 （22-23学年高一上·山东潍坊·期末） How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones? Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.” But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems. Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette. One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world! 1．What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Unacceptable. 2．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Stopped. B．Increased. C．Offered. D．Saved. 3．What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Concentrate on studies. B．Get a reward for offline time. C．Buy a new smartphone. D．Contact with the real world. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Benefits from Smartphones B．Addiction to Smartphones C．Development of Smartphones D．Disadvantages of Smartphones Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山东临沂·期末） I teach online and have been doing so for years .I understand the value of traditional face-to-face course offerings for certain courses and certain subjects. I doubt an online course in chemistry can ever be as effective (有效的) as a face-to-face course held in a lab. Fortunately, I teach writing, and the Internet is an effective place for teaching subjects that call for careful reading and discussion. It is true that there are things I cannot do in my classes on the Internet. It is also true, however, that there are things I cannot do in my classes held in traditional classrooms. So the question we should ask is: What works better or worse in face-to-face classes rather than in online courses, and vice versa(反之亦然)? One of the things I value most in my online classes is the necessity for everyone to take part in order to show their presence. In my face-to-face classes, a student can sit quietly and appear to be engaged in(积极参与) the discussion without ever offering a thought or opinion. Online, I consider a student who sits quietly but who does not join in the discussion to be simply not present. Further, students in face-to-face classes who are too shy or who are talked over by quicker and louder voices have the chance to take part in an online discussion. When I teach online, my students and I can be inside or outside and we can sit wherever and however we want. In Michigan, where a winter storm can make going to campus dangerous or even impossible, the ability to learn in class from the comfort of wherever you live is a big advantage. When the weather is not nice, I often teach while sitting in a local coffee shop. When the weather is nice, I often teach while sitting in my backyard. I agree that online education is not a “recipe (秘诀)for personal success.” Then again, I’m not sure traditional face-to-face education is such a recipe, either. 1．What does the author think of online courses and traditional courses? A．Chemistry courses can be done online. B．Online courses are more popular. C．Traditional courses are more helpful. D．Both have their advantages. 2．How can shy students benefit from online discussion? A．They can do a better job than louder students. B．They can sit quietly to listen to others opinions. C．They can think independently and take an active part. D．They can appear to be engaged in online discussion. 3．Which advantage of online teaching is mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．It is much safer. B．It is less affected by weather. C．It is more comfortable. D．It happens anytime. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why I teach online. B．I’ m online. C．A recipe for success. D．A new teaching style. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $