专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东滨州·期末） One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had “a creative insight burst”. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. An “aha! Moment”, such as Morgan’s great insight, is a new idea that arrives suddenly, often bursting into an ongoing stream of thought. It may pop up while someone is actively trying to solve a problem. Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood. Imagine you are in Africa 25,000 years ago. You see a lion a couple of meters away and are seized with fear. Your thinking immediately becomes very careful and analytical because if you make one mistake, you are finished. Can the lion see me or hear me? If I run, is the lion close enough to catch up? You manage to escape. That evening you are back in the cave, sitting by the fire and sharing food with your people. You are enjoying safety. In your protected shelter, you can have creative thoughts and do something imaginative. So 25,000 years later, we find the innovative stone tools and breathtaking cave paintings that inspired future generations. An obvious way to increase insightfulness is therefore to relax when you aren’t anxious or rushed. Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. Modern society’s unrelenting demand for productivity and speed often rejects insight. Even so, remember the value and power of insights and the conditions that spark them. As Morgan shows, when it comes to an “aha! Moment”, the sky is the limit. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By sharing a secret to success. B．By raising a new idea. C．By describing an astronomer. D．By telling a true story. 2．Why does the author refer to “Africa 25,000 years ago”? A．To stress the importance of insightful thinking. B．To illustrate the necessity of analytical thinking. C．To prove the power of creativity and imagination. D．To show the influence of mood on thinking styles. 3．Which of the following situations might help boost an insight? A．Studying hard for a math exam. B．Taking photos on a vast grassland. C．Working on the computer in an office. D．Promoting products in a supermarket. 4．What does the underlined word “unrelenting” in the last paragraph mean? A．Basic. B．Typical. C．Endless. D．Unreasonable. 主题02 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东实验中学·期末） Deep in the forests in the Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, the five lotus-flower-shaped towers of the large Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple (庙宇). Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London. This city was at the center of an empire that covered areas from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A．D．, the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests were all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress. Angkor has become a living laboratory showing the beauty of historic buildings. Walking through the temple, people see hundreds of beautiful figures on the walls telling the stories of these ancient people, and long hallways lined with many attractive supports. The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia. A large number of visitors from all over the world make their journey there enjoying the beautiful scenery. The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities. 1．What probably caused people to leave the Khmer capital? A．The national wars. B．Its lack of forests. C．The natural disasters. D．Its inconvenient location. 2．What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Joint effort. B．Good judgment. C．High recognition. D．Serious competition. 3．What may Cambodian people take great pride in according to the author? A．The stories about the figures on the temple walls. B．The fact that Angkor is used for scientific studies. C．The good recovery of their cultural sites in a short time. D．The inclusion of Angkor in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The flow of visitors to Angkor keeps rising. B．Tourism is being improved to benefit local living. C．The public is less worried about Angkor’s natural scenery. D．Tourism has had a negative influence on the local environment. 主题03 人与自然——环保 Passage1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） The fashion industry is responsible for up to ten percent of the world’s carbon emissions (排放). But what if you could get clothes more sustainably and spend less money? Enter rental fashion (服装租赁). Companies charge you a small part of the store price to borrow a piece of clothing. They’ll take care of the cleaning once you send it back. These companies advertise sustainability as one of the best reasons to rent: By sharing clothes among more people, they satisfy shoppers’ desire for new looks while avoiding the emissions that new clothes would produce. The only thing is, of course, there are trade-offs. Shipping you those clothes creates carbon emissions, and so does washing them after you’re done with them. Then how can you make sure that the environment gets the most benefit out of your money? First of all, rent clothes you don’t wear frequently. Some companies rent out high-end clothes, while others offer more everyday options. The best clothes to rent are fancy clothes for special occasions. And higher-quality pieces are more likely to last through multiple (多次的) wears. If a rented piece of clothes gets worn more times than it would if one person owned it, that can definitely make a difference. Meanwhile, casual clothes such as jeans already get frequent wears and are better to own than rent. You could also rent from a nearby location and pick up your clothes by yourself. If you were to use an environmentally friendly method, such as public transport or biking, that would even be better. Of course, buying less can be one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to live more sustainably. By buying fewer new clothes, you can help cut down the need for clothing production, which is responsible for most of emissions in the fashion industry. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, the rise of rental fashion is meant to ______ . A．change shopping habits B．reduce environmental harm C．cut clothing production D．follow fashion trends easily 2．Which can best explain the underlined “trade-offs”? A．Options. B．Costs. C．Preferences. D．Differences. 3．Which would be the greenest clothing habit according to the text? A．Renting expensive clothes. B．Renting clothes delivered easily. C．Renting frequently-worn clothes. D．Renting clothes with self-pick-up nearby. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To encourage buying less. B．To introduce changes in fashion. C．To explain rental fashion and give advice. D．To warn of the damage done by fashion industry. Passage2 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） For generations of children, going to the circus (马戏团) has been one of the greatest experiences of their young lives. Amazing performers and impressive animal shows used to be the standards of what makes a good circus show. But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows. One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. Circus Roncalli, which has been touring since 1976, banned the use of wild animals in its shows in the 1990s, long before others began to take similar steps. Since then, Roncalli has used only household horses, but recently decided to stop using any live animals altogether. “We decided to stop using animals for their benefit,” said Markus Strobl, the media director of Circus Roncalli, in a 2017 interview with RP Online. “Most of the performances in the show would already be done by the artists today. The focus of the Circus Roncalli is on poctic performances. The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.” Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. Circus Roncalli is undoubtedly a big step ahead of the game. In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here. 1．What led to stopping animal shows? A．Absence of wild animals. B．Concerns about the animals. C．Disagreements from performers. D．Views on good circus shows. 2．From Markus Strobl’s words, we know that the holographic show _________. A．presents images from all directions B．focuses on animal performances C．covers part of the circus field D．replaces actors completely 3．What’s the author’s attitude to the future circus with holographic shows? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Indifferent. D．Opposed. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Age of Animal Care B．The Fall of Traditional Circuses C．The Rise of Live Animal Shows D．Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东省实验中学·期末） The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy. Accordingly, fan clubs for niche sports have been growing. Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan? According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones. Pickleball (匹克球) is a great example of a niche sport that has developed from a relatively unknown activity to a US national passion. So, what will the next pickleball be? Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．More people are aware of sports’ benefits. B．Technology contributes to niche sports’ popularity. C．Fans have a positive effect on niche sports’ development. D．Sports platforms have made huge economic gain in recent years. 2．What does the author mean by saying “sports followers warm up to the leagues”? A．Sports followers want to join the leagues. B．The leagues have attracted energetic players. C．The leagues make changes based on fans’ preferences. D．Sports followers become very interested in the leagues. 3．What is a characteristic of niche sports fans? A．They are addicted to electronics. B．They come from different age groups. C．They are socially disconnected in daily life. D．They are highly dependent on digital services. 4．What do Peter Cosco’s words suggest? A．Pickleball became widely known by accident. B．A sport needs various conditions to interest people. C．Niche sports should be improved to attract a larger audience. D．Technology offers increasing chances to introduce newborn sports. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） A heritage language is a language that isn’t the “most powerful” language of a region, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage). Any language can be a heritage language, depending on the surrounding social context. English, for example, is often a primary language, but could technically be a heritage language if someone’s English-speaking parents moved from, say, the United Kingdom to Japan. Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. Usually, people speak their native language very well. Someone’s abilities in their heritage language can vary quite a bit, however. Some people may master it well because they learned it a lot when they were children, while others may speak it but not read it, and still others may struggle with speaking it at all. The United States has over 56 million Spanish speakers, and a large part of those are heritage learners of the language. A research found that the percentage of people who report speaking Spanish “well” drops from 91 to 82 for first-and second-generation immigrants(移民). While that might seem small, it gets much more evident after that, with third - and fourth-generation immigrants dropping to 47 percent. There are a couple of reasons why heritage languages—and Spanish in particular—tends to drop off from generation to generation. The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. Another reason is some parents encourage their children not to use their heritage language. It’s unfortunate but true that speaking another language is still a cause for discrimination(歧视) today. Heritage languages may have a hard time lasting from generation to generation, but it’s not only a story of decline (衰弱). There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages—some learn the heritage language later in life—and help others to do the same. If you’ve ever thought about reconnecting with a heritage language, it’s never too late to get started. There’s no time like the present. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By mentioning an expert. B．By explaining a term. C．By describing a scene. D．By providing data. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The significance of learning heritage language s when little. B．The variations in people’s abilities to speak heritage languages. C．The differences between heritage languages and native languages. D．The similarities between the broad range of social and cultural factors. 3．What is one reason for the decline of Heritage language s in the US? A．Appearance discrimination. B．Generation gap. C．Varying cultures. D．Losing popularity. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Parents play a key role in protecting heritage languages. B．Heritage languages’ difficult time will end in the near future. C．Efforts have been made towards the heritage languages’ survival. D．Some people consider it too late to bring heritage languages back to life. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） A growing interest in exotic pets is drawing young people to pet cafes and social media. Even on a weekday, Kitty Zoo, a pet cafe in Changzhou, Jiangsu, which was founded just two months ago by Tang Rong, attracts a crowd of visitors, all eager to meet its star, a capybara named Jilizhazha. The term “exotic pets” refers to animals beyond traditional companions like cats and dogs. They are relatively rare or unusual to keep, not native to the owner’s locals. On the platform Xiaohongshu, the “exotic pets” has got over 360 million views, showing pet owners caring for popular animals such as capybaras, raccoons. 23-year-old Jiang Tao began raising raccoons at home last April, inspired by their classic imagery on a popular childhood snack in China. Today, Jiang Tao has over 500,000 followers on Douyin, with his most attractive content centered on his raccoons. While raising exotic pets brings unique experiences, the owners advise to think twice before we bring these animals home. For Jiang Tao, the primary cost of raising raccoons comes from their destructive nature. “One of them knocked over my TV, costing me 2,000 yuan,” he recalled with a laugh. In addition to managing their wild behaviors, pet owners must also create specific living environments and provide daily care for these unique animals. Capybaras, for example, need regular baths in special pools, and their living spaces must be heated during winter, according to Tang. She explained that a typical male capybara can weigh up to 50 kg and eat a lot, producing a large amount of waste. “Unless you have a large yard or enough space, keeping a capybara indoors isn’t practical,” she advised. Moreover, Huang Yuan, a senior doctor at a pet hospital in Wuhan, highlighted important consideration for exotic pet owners: the limited access to hospitals equipped to treat exotic animals. For example, only about 20 out of the 300 to 400 pet hospitals in Wuhan are currently equipped to treat exotic animals professionally. So while exotic pets charm us, we must remember: behind every cute exotic pet lies devotion few are ready for. 1．What do we know about Kitty Zoo? A．It closes on weekends. B．It is a popular social media. C．It is where visitors rest. D．It has a star pet named Jilizhazha. 2．Which of the followings belong to exotic pets? A．Cats. B．Rabbits. C．Raccoons. D．Chickens. 3．What can we infer about the exotic pet owners? A．They prepare TV sets for them. B．They take much energy for them. C．They put them in pet hospitals. D．They keep them indoors all the time. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards raising exotic pets? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） L’ Heure Joyeuse was the first library in France designed especially for children. It opened in the Latin Quarter of Paris in 1924, after the First World War. Heure Joyeuse translates as “Happy Hour”, which seems like an odd name for a children’s library. However, the phrase had an entirely different meaning in 1924, indicating the necessity for a place that would help regain joy in French children’s lives after war. Before World War I, children in France had limited chances to read books written for their age level. Only a few public libraries offered small collections for children, usually hidden in a back corner. This contrasted (对比) significantly with English and American libraries, which offered open access to read Children’s books. Eugene Morel, a French librarian and writer, visited some of these libraries and began promoting change. He called on free French public libraries and children’s libraries based on the American model. After the war, a number of American organizations assisted in the rebuilding of France, including American Committee for Devastated France (ACDF). ACDF founded the first modern public library in Paris, the Fessart Library, which included a specific children’s section. A group of American women formed the Book Committee on Children’s Libraries. Their goal was to provide books to European children so they might recover from the trauma (创伤) of war and prepare themselves for a peaceful future. With their help, L’Heure Joyeuse, the children’s library in Paris, opened its doors on November 12, 1924. The original idea behind the creation of L’Heure Joyeuse was to bring children and books together outside of school in a homey, attractive setting. Therefore, the founders hung pictures on the walls and placed flowers on the tables. Custom-made, child-sized wooden furniture was ordered from the United States. Another goal was to serve children of all ages and social backgrounds. Accordingly, the founders selected a location on a crowded neighborhood in the center of Paris with families from many different countries and backgrounds. 1．Why was the library named “L’Heure Joyeuse”? A．To provide a strange name. B．To attract kids’ interest in reading. C．To bring back French kids’ pleasure. D．To make up for the library shortage. 2．What does the underlined word “access” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Chance. B．Addition. C．Contact. D．Award. 3．What does paragraph 3 focus on about the children’s library? A．Its location. B．Its importance. C．Its popularity. D．Its founding. 4．Why is the wooden furniture mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove the high quality of the equipment. B．To stress the children-friendly environment. C．To show different cultures and backgrounds. D．To display the help from American organizations. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Jackson Pollock, famous for his drip paintings (滴画), took advantage of certain features of fluid dynamics (流体力学) years before physicists studied them. “His particular painting technique essentially lets physics be a player in the creative process.” noted physicist Andrzej Herezynski. In the 1940s, Pollock transformed the art world. Instead of painting on a standing canvas (画布), he laid it on the floor and let paint drip and splatter (飞溅). The lines and drops in his artworks might seem messy, but they aren’t. Scientists now say they show patterns similar to those found in nature, like in clouds and along coastlines. A team of researchers studied his Untitled 1948-49. This painting features wavy red lines that twist and curl, which are formed due to “coiling”. Coiling is a fluid behavior that happens when a thick liquid flows and twists, like a rope folding onto itself. People once thought Pollock made these lines by moving his hand in a special way, but he didn’t. In fact, by moving his arm at different speeds and using paints of different thicknesses, he could control how much coiling appeared in the final painting. The first scientific papers about coiling didn’t appear until the late 1950s. But Pollock knew all about it in 1948. He was famous for searching for using different kinds of paints, and mixing his paints with special chemicals to make them thicker or thinner. “When Pollock was doing that, in a way he was doing fluid dynamics experiments,” Herezynski said. “What’s interesting here is that he set out to explore that effect in his paintings before physicists were exploring it.” Pollock probably didn’t realize how he was using fluid dynamics in his paintings. He just followed his feelings. “He wasn’t trying to explore the physics behind the process but to create a certain artistic look. But the two were connected — You can’t separate them.” Herezynski added. 1．What made Pollock’s paintings special? A．He painted them on the floor. B．He unknowingly used physical laws. C．He drew inspiration from nature. D．He invited physicists to be co-authors. 2．How did Pollock create the coiling effect in his paintings? A．By using ropes to guide paints. B．By following a fixed color order. C．By making unusual hand motions. D．By adjusting paints’ flowing speed and thickness. 3．What did Herezynski think of Pollock’s experiments? A．They reshaped modern art. B．They explored artistic effects. C．They studied physics behind art. D．They aimed to find the best paints. 4．What might be a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Creativity B．A New Way to Learn Fluid Dynamics C．How Physics Changed Painting D．The Advanced Physics of Jackson Pollock Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception (感知) of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. Therefore, a new Ohio study aims to introduce social elements to sensory and consumer tests using immersive technologies such as video walls and VR headphones. In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments: in an individual context, in a social context where pairs of participants sat side by side, and in another social context where video footage of each participant’s partner consuming a cola was played on a video wall. To record their emotional responses, participants rated their feelings immediately after tasting each cola, using a 7-point scale (量表), where I represented “extremely negative” and 7 represented “extremely positive”. The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume. The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5. In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures. “We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.” 1．What is the main problem with traditional sensory and consumer testing? A．It is influenced by food quality. B．It ignores social contexts. C．It takes too much time to complete. D．It can’t rate emotional responses. 2．What does the underlined word “stimuli” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Types of tested drinks. B．Data collection tools. C．Pairs of participants. D．Virtual environments. 3．What can be learned from the testing? A．VR technology does not work as expected. B．The quality of cola determines response scores. C．Individual testing reflects perception of food best. D．Virtual social elements can improve drink consumption. 4．What is Roth Goldberg’s suggestion about? A．Social effects of the findings. B．Directions for further study. C．Choices of research methods. D．Involvement of more researchers. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 1．What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A．It can widen tight spaces. B．It can produce fresh water. C．It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D．It is noise-free and flexible. 2．What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A．Describing the testing process. B．Pointing out limitations in design. C．Stressing technical advancement. D．Praising the highest moving speed. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A．Its energy consumption modes. B．Its monitoring strategies. C．Its reliability in gathering information. D．Its possible applications. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A scientific journal. C．A business report. D．An official document. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤). Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip (芯片) that allows paralyzed (瘫痪的) patients to move their legs, and even walk again. The chip, only 1mm wide, is designed to be fitted into the brain and spinal cord. If the natural communication between the brain and muscles (肌肉) is lost, this chip becomes the bridge. When the chips work, they create a direct connection between the brain and muscles. The results have been amazing. A 34-year-old man, paralyzed after a fall, could move his legs just one day after the operation on January 8, 2025. Two weeks later, he walked five meters with help. Three other patients had similar operations in February and March, all getting better within weeks. Even though the patients’ nervous systems were damaged (受损), the chips helped them walk again. This marks a big step in China’s progress in medical science and it brings hope for over 3.7 million people in China. “This is just the beginning,” Jia, the lead researcher, says. “With the technology, these people may one day leave wheelchairs behind after 3 to 5 years of training.” Behind this achievement is a long journey of careful research and bold thinking. It took the researchers over 10 years to develop the chip. They tested it on animals first, and then on people. They faced many challenges, yet they never gave up. Step by step, they developed a system to reconnect the mind and body in ways once appearing only in science fiction. As the chip continues to improve, it lights a new path forward—one built on science, shaped by care, and aimed toward a brighter future. 1．What do we know about the chips mentioned in the passage? A．They are only as wide as 2 mm. B．They are fitted into the man’s arms. C．They help the patients walk again. D．They improve the patients’ memory. 2．Which of the following meanings is suitable for the underlined word “bold”? bold /bəʊld/ adj. 1. PERSON/ACTION not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions: He had the ability to take bold imaginative decisions. 2. COLOURS/SHAPES very strong or bright so that you notice them: Stripes are bold, bright, and fun to wear. 3. LINES/WRITING written or drawn in a very clear way: The print should be bold and easy to read. 4. PRINTED LETTERS printed in letters that are darker and thicker than ordinary printed letters: All the headings are in bold type. (From the dictionary) A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4. 3．What is the writer’s main reason for writing this passage? A．To recommend a science story. B．To report a pioneer doctor in medicine. C．To compare different treatments. D．To introduce a new medical success. 4．What would be the best title of this passage? A．China’s Chips Bring New Hope B．Future of China’s Medical Science C．Science Fiction Changes Our Lives D．Challenges for Chinese Scientists Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山东滨州·期末） Google’s DeepMind can control a robotic arm to beat ordinary table tennis players, according to a new study. But Fan Zhendong, the 2024 gold medalist for individual and team men’s table tennis, can rest easy: The AI-powered robot could only beat players at a medium level, and only on certain occasions, which was published but has not been reviewed by experts in this field. Robots can now cook and clean, but they struggle to quickly respond to real-world environmental information. Achieving human-level performance in terms of accuracy (准确性), speed and generality still remains a great challenge in many fields. To overcome this limitation, the researchers combined an industrial robot arm with a customized version of DeepMind’s powerful learning algorithms (算法). DeepMind uses neural networks to gradually learn new information. The system was also trained to master specific aspects of the game — for example, the rules, the techniques of playing — with real-world and simulated (模拟的) data in algorithms. As the AI learned, the researchers collected data on its strengths, weaknesses and limitations. Then, they fed this information back to the AI program, thus giving DeepMind a realistic impression of its abilities. The system picked which skills or plans to use in the moment, considering its competitors’ strengths and weaknesses, just like a human table-tennis player might. Most of the human players seemed to like playing against the system. They agreed that playing with the robot was fun and attractive. The new approach could be useful for a wide range of applications that call for quick responses in changing physical environments, as the researchers said. 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．The robot can beat advanced human table tennis players. B．The finding has been published and examined by experts. C．Fan Zhendong can have a good rest because of the invention. D．The level of players matters in the competition with the robot. 2．How did the researchers improve the system? A．By adding more game rules to the system. B．By replacing the control part with a new one. C．By changing the robotic arm into a new version. D．By combining the robotic arm with algorithms and data. 3．What’s the most players’ attitude to this new approach? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Discontent. 4．Which could be a practical application of the new approach? A．Making robots clean the floor in an empty bedroom. B．Guiding robots to serve food in an orderly restaurant. C．Directing robots to rescue people in a burning building. D．Using robots to water plants in a well-organized garden. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can cat. 1．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 3．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 1．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A top destination for hiking lovers. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A wonderland for tiny plants. D．A remote land with modern buildings. 2．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Calmness and attentiveness. C．Quickness and confidence. D．Determination and courage. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable"? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego. B．The disadvantages of bryophytes. C．The smallest island in South America. D．A tiny forest on the tip of the world. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东滨州·期末） One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had “a creative insight burst”. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. An “aha! Moment”, such as Morgan’s great insight, is a new idea that arrives suddenly, often bursting into an ongoing stream of thought. It may pop up while someone is actively trying to solve a problem. Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood. Imagine you are in Africa 25,000 years ago. You see a lion a couple of meters away and are seized with fear. Your thinking immediately becomes very careful and analytical because if you make one mistake, you are finished. Can the lion see me or hear me? If I run, is the lion close enough to catch up? You manage to escape. That evening you are back in the cave, sitting by the fire and sharing food with your people. You are enjoying safety. In your protected shelter, you can have creative thoughts and do something imaginative. So 25,000 years later, we find the innovative stone tools and breathtaking cave paintings that inspired future generations. An obvious way to increase insightfulness is therefore to relax when you aren’t anxious or rushed. Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. Modern society’s unrelenting demand for productivity and speed often rejects insight. Even so, remember the value and power of insights and the conditions that spark them. As Morgan shows, when it comes to an “aha! Moment”, the sky is the limit. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By sharing a secret to success. B．By raising a new idea. C．By describing an astronomer. D．By telling a true story. 2．Why does the author refer to “Africa 25,000 years ago”? A．To stress the importance of insightful thinking. B．To illustrate the necessity of analytical thinking. C．To prove the power of creativity and imagination. D．To show the influence of mood on thinking styles. 3．Which of the following situations might help boost an insight? A．Studying hard for a math exam. B．Taking photos on a vast grassland. C．Working on the computer in an office. D．Promoting products in a supermarket. 4．What does the underlined word “unrelenting” in the last paragraph mean? A．Basic. B．Typical. C．Endless. D．Unreasonable. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“顿悟时刻”的特点、影响因素及提升洞察力的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had ‘a creative insight burst’. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. (1951年的一个晚上，天文学家威廉·摩根从威斯康辛州的叶凯士天文台走回家时，他抬头仰望夜空，突然有了“创造性的洞察力”。它解决了天文学上最大的谜团之一。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过讲述一个真实的天文学家William Morgan的故事来引出话题，即“aha! Moment”(顿悟时刻)。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood.(个体往往有更多的分析性思维或洞察力思维；我们不限于其中一种。这取决于心情。)”及后文举的非洲25000年前的例子可知，作者提到“25000年前的非洲”是为了说明心情对思维方式的影响。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. (另一种方法是空间上的扩展：当你在一个大房间里，或者在星空下的户外，就像摩根一样——你的注意力在大空间中扩展。你会考虑整体而不是部分，从而增强洞察力思维。)”可知，空间上的扩展会让你考虑整体而不是部分，从而增强洞察力。故选B项。 4．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“demand for productivity and speed(对效率和速度的需求)”及“often rejects insight(常常否定洞察力)”可知，现代社会尤其强调生产力和速度即对生产力和速度的要求没有尽头，由此往往会排斥洞察力。因此划线词的意思是“无尽的”。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东实验中学·期末） Deep in the forests in the Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, the five lotus-flower-shaped towers of the large Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple (庙宇). Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London. This city was at the center of an empire that covered areas from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A．D．, the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests were all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress. Angkor has become a living laboratory showing the beauty of historic buildings. Walking through the temple, people see hundreds of beautiful figures on the walls telling the stories of these ancient people, and long hallways lined with many attractive supports. The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia. A large number of visitors from all over the world make their journey there enjoying the beautiful scenery. The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities. 1．What probably caused people to leave the Khmer capital? A．The national wars. B．Its lack of forests. C．The natural disasters. D．Its inconvenient location. 2．What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Joint effort. B．Good judgment. C．High recognition. D．Serious competition. 3．What may Cambodian people take great pride in according to the author? A．The stories about the figures on the temple walls. B．The fact that Angkor is used for scientific studies. C．The good recovery of their cultural sites in a short time. D．The inclusion of Angkor in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The flow of visitors to Angkor keeps rising. B．Tourism is being improved to benefit local living. C．The public is less worried about Angkor’s natural scenery. D．Tourism has had a negative influence on the local environment. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了柬埔寨吴哥窟的历史、修复、文化价值及旅游业发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By around 1500 A.D., the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts.(到公元1500年左右，高棉首都可能在大洪水和长期干旱之后被遗弃。)”可知，自然灾害可能是导致人们离开高棉首都的原因。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress.(1992年，吴哥窟被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，这标志着该国复兴进程中的一个重要里程碑。保护和开发这一文化遗址的行动是国际solidarity的典范，也是联合国教科文组织最重要的成就之一。三十个国家和一批专家齐聚一堂，共同开展科学项目，修复这些令人惊叹的遗址，旨在支持长期且环保的可持续发展。)”可知，保护和发展这一文化遗址的行动是国际合作的典型例子，故solidarity意思是“共同努力”。A. Joint effort.共同努力；B. Good judgment.好的判断；C. High recognition.高度认可；D. Serious competition.激烈的竞争。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia.(吴哥窟在仅仅12年后就被从联合国教科文组织的世界遗产濒危名录中移除，这对大多数柬埔寨人来说是一项伟大的成就。)”可知，作者认为，柬埔寨人民可能会为他们的文化遗址在短时间内得到良好修复而感到自豪。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities.(这个大型遗址现在养活了70万当地人，每年吸引约500万游客，游客流量必须每年得到控制。负责的当地组织正在开展几个项目，以鼓励旅游业的更好发展。通过这种方式，他们希望改善社区的生活。)”可推知，旅游业正在改善以造福当地生活。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——环保 Passage1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） The fashion industry is responsible for up to ten percent of the world’s carbon emissions (排放). But what if you could get clothes more sustainably and spend less money? Enter rental fashion (服装租赁). Companies charge you a small part of the store price to borrow a piece of clothing. They’ll take care of the cleaning once you send it back. These companies advertise sustainability as one of the best reasons to rent: By sharing clothes among more people, they satisfy shoppers’ desire for new looks while avoiding the emissions that new clothes would produce. The only thing is, of course, there are trade-offs. Shipping you those clothes creates carbon emissions, and so does washing them after you’re done with them. Then how can you make sure that the environment gets the most benefit out of your money? First of all, rent clothes you don’t wear frequently. Some companies rent out high-end clothes, while others offer more everyday options. The best clothes to rent are fancy clothes for special occasions. And higher-quality pieces are more likely to last through multiple (多次的) wears. If a rented piece of clothes gets worn more times than it would if one person owned it, that can definitely make a difference. Meanwhile, casual clothes such as jeans already get frequent wears and are better to own than rent. You could also rent from a nearby location and pick up your clothes by yourself. If you were to use an environmentally friendly method, such as public transport or biking, that would even be better. Of course, buying less can be one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to live more sustainably. By buying fewer new clothes, you can help cut down the need for clothing production, which is responsible for most of emissions in the fashion industry. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, the rise of rental fashion is meant to ______ . A．change shopping habits B．reduce environmental harm C．cut clothing production D．follow fashion trends easily 2．Which can best explain the underlined “trade-offs”? A．Options. B．Costs. C．Preferences. D．Differences. 3．Which would be the greenest clothing habit according to the text? A．Renting expensive clothes. B．Renting clothes delivered easily. C．Renting frequently-worn clothes. D．Renting clothes with self-pick-up nearby. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To encourage buying less. B．To introduce changes in fashion. C．To explain rental fashion and give advice. D．To warn of the damage done by fashion industry. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了服装租赁以及如何减少服装租赁对环境的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The fashion industry is responsible for up to ten percent of the world’s carbon emissions (排放). But what if you could get clothes more sustainably and spend less money?(时尚产业的碳排放量占世界总排放量的10%。但是，如果你能更可持续地买到衣服，花更少的钱呢？)”和第二段中“These companies advertise sustainability as one of the best reasons to rent: By sharing clothes among more people, they satisfy shoppers’ desire for new looks while avoiding the emissions that new clothes would produce.(这些公司将可持续性宣传为租赁的最佳理由之一：通过与更多人共享衣服，它们满足了购物者对新造型的渴望，同时避免了新衣服产生的排放)”可知，租赁服饰的兴起是为了减少对环境的影响，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Shipping you those clothes creates carbon emissions, and so does washing them after you’re done with them.(把这些衣服寄给你会产生碳排放，穿完后洗它们也会产生碳排放)”可知，邮寄衣服寄会产生碳排放，洗它们也会产生碳排放，这是关于租赁衣服的环境代价，trade-offs意为“成本，代价”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You could also rent from a nearby location and pick up your clothes by yourself. If you were to use an environmentally friendly method, such as public transport or biking, that would even be better.(你也可以在附近租衣服，然后自己去取衣服。如果你使用一种环保的方式，比如公共交通或骑自行车，那就更好了)”可知，从附近租衣服且自己去取是最环保的方式，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Enter rental fashion (服装租赁). Companies charge you a small part of the store price to borrow a piece of clothing. They’ll take care of the cleaning once you send it back.(进入服装租赁。借一件衣服，公司会向你收取商店价格的一小部分。你送回去后，他们会负责清洁的)”和第四段“Then how can you make sure that the environment gets the most benefit out of your money?(那么你怎样才能确保环境从你的钱中得到最大的好处呢？)”可知，文章介绍了服装租赁以及如何减少服装租赁对环境的影响，故本文目的是解释租赁时尚并提出建议，故选C。 Passage2 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） For generations of children, going to the circus (马戏团) has been one of the greatest experiences of their young lives. Amazing performers and impressive animal shows used to be the standards of what makes a good circus show. But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows. One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. Circus Roncalli, which has been touring since 1976, banned the use of wild animals in its shows in the 1990s, long before others began to take similar steps. Since then, Roncalli has used only household horses, but recently decided to stop using any live animals altogether. “We decided to stop using animals for their benefit,” said Markus Strobl, the media director of Circus Roncalli, in a 2017 interview with RP Online. “Most of the performances in the show would already be done by the artists today. The focus of the Circus Roncalli is on poctic performances. The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.” Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. Circus Roncalli is undoubtedly a big step ahead of the game. In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here. 1．What led to stopping animal shows? A．Absence of wild animals. B．Concerns about the animals. C．Disagreements from performers. D．Views on good circus shows. 2．From Markus Strobl’s words, we know that the holographic show _________. A．presents images from all directions B．focuses on animal performances C．covers part of the circus field D．replaces actors completely 3．What’s the author’s attitude to the future circus with holographic shows? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Indifferent. D．Opposed. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Age of Animal Care B．The Fall of Traditional Circuses C．The Rise of Live Animal Shows D．Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍随着动物保护意识增强，很多国家禁止马戏团使用动物表演，德国Circus Roncalli马戏团采用全息表演替代动物表演，这或是马戏团的未来方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. (但随着动物权利组织的兴起，以及人们越来越意识到马戏团动物的痛苦生活，近年来，世界上越来越多的国家通过了禁止在表演中使用动物的法律)”可知，人们对动物生活状况的关注导致了停止动物表演。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Markus Strobl的话“The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.(全息投影足够大，可以填满整个马戏团场地，宽105英尺，深16英尺，为全体观众提供360°的视野)”可知，全息表演提供360°的视野，能从各个方向呈现图像。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future.(多亏了现代科技，现在正是世界各地马戏团停止使用活体动物、拥抱未来的最佳时机)”和“In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here.(事实上，他们使用动物的3D全息图——比如大象、马，甚至金鱼——已经吸引了成千上万的观众，这清楚地表明马戏团的未来就在这里)”可知，作者认为全息技术给世界各地马戏团带来机遇，它是马戏团的未来，所以作者对有全息表演的未来马戏团持支持态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows.(到目前为止，共有26个国家顺应时代潮流，出台了禁止在表演中使用动物的禁令)”可知，很多国家已经禁止马戏团使用动物表演；再结合第二段中“One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. (一家德国马戏团找到了下一步合理的做法，推出了一场令人惊叹的全息表演，将现代科技与传统马戏团氛围相结合)”以及最后一段中“Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. (多亏了现代科技，现在正是世界各地马戏团停止使用活体动物、拥抱未来的最佳时机)”可知，全息表演是马戏团未来发展的方向。综合来看，文章重点强调了无动物的全息马戏团这一新兴形式。故D项“Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms(无动物的全息马戏团)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东省实验中学·期末） The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy. Accordingly, fan clubs for niche sports have been growing. Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan? According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones. Pickleball (匹克球) is a great example of a niche sport that has developed from a relatively unknown activity to a US national passion. So, what will the next pickleball be? Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．More people are aware of sports’ benefits. B．Technology contributes to niche sports’ popularity. C．Fans have a positive effect on niche sports’ development. D．Sports platforms have made huge economic gain in recent years. 2．What does the author mean by saying “sports followers warm up to the leagues”? A．Sports followers want to join the leagues. B．The leagues have attracted energetic players. C．The leagues make changes based on fans’ preferences. D．Sports followers become very interested in the leagues. 3．What is a characteristic of niche sports fans? A．They are addicted to electronics. B．They come from different age groups. C．They are socially disconnected in daily life. D．They are highly dependent on digital services. 4．What do Peter Cosco’s words suggest? A．Pickleball became widely known by accident. B．A sport needs various conditions to interest people. C．Niche sports should be improved to attract a larger audience. D．Technology offers increasing chances to introduce newborn sports. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了小众体育在数字时代的发展、小众体育迷的特点以及小众体育吸引人的条件。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy.(流媒体在全球的普及为小众体育迷提供了观看国际体育节目的便捷途径，也为传统主流体育迷提供了了解小众体育的途径。数字时代收视平台的增加使许多球迷能够更深入地探索他们喜爱的小众体育，而其他人则积极发现新的体育项目来关注和享受。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了科技有助于小众体育的流行。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan?(近年来，最引人注目且吸引粉丝关注的发展趋势之一，便是小众体育联盟的兴起。这些联盟吸引着成千上万的球迷现场观看比赛，电视观众更是达到数百万之众。鉴于体育迷们对这些联盟的热情升温之快，似乎人人都对它们有所了解，这不禁引发了一些疑问——究竟是谁在观看这些比赛？什么样的人会成为小众体育迷呢？)”可推知，作者说“体育迷们对联赛的热情升温之快”是指体育迷们对联赛非常感兴趣。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones.(根据Global Web Index最近发布的一份关于小众体育迷的报告，小众体育迷是指关注或观看至少五个小众体育联盟或赛事的人。超过一半的小众体育迷年龄在25-44岁之间。他们对流媒体上展示的体育内容感到兴奋，与普通人群相比，他们更有可能为这类服务付费。在体育赛季，他们更有可能使用多种第二屏幕，包括笔记本电脑、智能手表和智能手机。)”可知，小众体育迷的特点是他们高度依赖数字服务。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?”(体育投资公司Isos Growth Advisory的总经理Peter Cosco表示：“技术进步有助于球迷参与体育运动，但这并不是必然的。培养球迷对一项新运动，尤其是一项小众运动的热爱，需要精心管理资源、周密的计划、与合适的人建立良好的关系，以及‘玩’的因素。也就是说，玩起来有趣，看起来也有趣吗？”)”可推知，Peter Cosco的话暗示了一项运动需要各种条件才能引起人们的兴趣。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） A heritage language is a language that isn’t the “most powerful” language of a region, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage). Any language can be a heritage language, depending on the surrounding social context. English, for example, is often a primary language, but could technically be a heritage language if someone’s English-speaking parents moved from, say, the United Kingdom to Japan. Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. Usually, people speak their native language very well. Someone’s abilities in their heritage language can vary quite a bit, however. Some people may master it well because they learned it a lot when they were children, while others may speak it but not read it, and still others may struggle with speaking it at all. The United States has over 56 million Spanish speakers, and a large part of those are heritage learners of the language. A research found that the percentage of people who report speaking Spanish “well” drops from 91 to 82 for first-and second-generation immigrants(移民). While that might seem small, it gets much more evident after that, with third - and fourth-generation immigrants dropping to 47 percent. There are a couple of reasons why heritage languages—and Spanish in particular—tends to drop off from generation to generation. The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. Another reason is some parents encourage their children not to use their heritage language. It’s unfortunate but true that speaking another language is still a cause for discrimination(歧视) today. Heritage languages may have a hard time lasting from generation to generation, but it’s not only a story of decline (衰弱). There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages—some learn the heritage language later in life—and help others to do the same. If you’ve ever thought about reconnecting with a heritage language, it’s never too late to get started. There’s no time like the present. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By mentioning an expert. B．By explaining a term. C．By describing a scene. D．By providing data. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The significance of learning heritage language s when little. B．The variations in people’s abilities to speak heritage languages. C．The differences between heritage languages and native languages. D．The similarities between the broad range of social and cultural factors. 3．What is one reason for the decline of Heritage language s in the US? A．Appearance discrimination. B．Generation gap. C．Varying cultures. D．Losing popularity. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Parents play a key role in protecting heritage languages. B．Heritage languages’ difficult time will end in the near future. C．Efforts have been made towards the heritage languages’ survival. D．Some people consider it too late to bring heritage languages back to life. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传承语的定义、与母语的区别，以美国西班牙语为例说明其代际衰减现象及原因，同时提到有人主动学习，鼓励人们重拾传承语。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A heritage language is a language that isn’t the ‘most powerful’ language of a region, but is still learned by children in their homes (thus, it’s their heritage).(传承语言是指在某个地区并非‘最强势’的语言，但仍由儿童在家中学习（因此是他们的“传承”）)”可知，第一段是用解释术语的方法提出主题的。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句即主题句“Heritage languages can be someone’s native language, but the two terms aren’t interchangeable. A native language is the language or languages a person learns when they’re very young while heritage languages can be determined by a broad range of social and cultural factors. (传承语言可以是某人的母语，但这两个术语并不完全相同。母语是指一个人在很小的时候学习的语言，而传承语言则受到更广泛的社会和文化因素的影响)”可知，本段主要介绍传承语言和母语之间的差异。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“There are a couple of reasons why heritage languages—and Spanish in particular—tends to drop off from generation to generation. The first one is that the heritage language is less important to get around in society. When a person needs the majority language to go to school, get a job and interact with most people around them, it’s not surprising that the heritage language might seem less important. (传承语言——尤其是西班牙语——之所以在代际之间逐渐流失，有几个原因。首先，在社会中，传承语言的重要性相对较低。当一个人需要使用主流语言上学、找工作，并与周围大多数人交流时，传承语言就显得不那么重要了)”可知，传承语言呈现衰退的其中一个原因是因为这种语言在生活和工作中不是主流语言，使用范围太小，不流行。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are countless people in the world who go out of their way to learn their heritage languages—some learn the heritage language later in life—and help others to do the same. If you’ve ever thought about reconnecting with a heritage language, it’s never too late to get started. There’s no time like the present.(世界上有无数人努力去学习自己的传承语言——有些人是在人生的后期才开始学习的——并帮助他人也这样做。如果你曾经想过重新连接自己的传承语言，现在就是开始的最好时机)”可知，本段介绍了很多人为传承语言的继续存在而做出努力。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东菏泽·期末） A growing interest in exotic pets is drawing young people to pet cafes and social media. Even on a weekday, Kitty Zoo, a pet cafe in Changzhou, Jiangsu, which was founded just two months ago by Tang Rong, attracts a crowd of visitors, all eager to meet its star, a capybara named Jilizhazha. The term “exotic pets” refers to animals beyond traditional companions like cats and dogs. They are relatively rare or unusual to keep, not native to the owner’s locals. On the platform Xiaohongshu, the “exotic pets” has got over 360 million views, showing pet owners caring for popular animals such as capybaras, raccoons. 23-year-old Jiang Tao began raising raccoons at home last April, inspired by their classic imagery on a popular childhood snack in China. Today, Jiang Tao has over 500,000 followers on Douyin, with his most attractive content centered on his raccoons. While raising exotic pets brings unique experiences, the owners advise to think twice before we bring these animals home. For Jiang Tao, the primary cost of raising raccoons comes from their destructive nature. “One of them knocked over my TV, costing me 2,000 yuan,” he recalled with a laugh. In addition to managing their wild behaviors, pet owners must also create specific living environments and provide daily care for these unique animals. Capybaras, for example, need regular baths in special pools, and their living spaces must be heated during winter, according to Tang. She explained that a typical male capybara can weigh up to 50 kg and eat a lot, producing a large amount of waste. “Unless you have a large yard or enough space, keeping a capybara indoors isn’t practical,” she advised. Moreover, Huang Yuan, a senior doctor at a pet hospital in Wuhan, highlighted important consideration for exotic pet owners: the limited access to hospitals equipped to treat exotic animals. For example, only about 20 out of the 300 to 400 pet hospitals in Wuhan are currently equipped to treat exotic animals professionally. So while exotic pets charm us, we must remember: behind every cute exotic pet lies devotion few are ready for. 1．What do we know about Kitty Zoo? A．It closes on weekends. B．It is a popular social media. C．It is where visitors rest. D．It has a star pet named Jilizhazha. 2．Which of the followings belong to exotic pets? A．Cats. B．Rabbits. C．Raccoons. D．Chickens. 3．What can we infer about the exotic pet owners? A．They prepare TV sets for them. B．They take much energy for them. C．They put them in pet hospitals. D．They keep them indoors all the time. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards raising exotic pets? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了异国宠物在年轻人中的兴起趋势，特别是宠物咖啡馆和社交媒体上的流行现象。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Even on a weekday, Kitty Zoo, a pet cafe in Changzhou, Jiangsu, which was founded just two months ago by Tang Rong, attracts a crowd of visitors, all eager to meet its star, a capybara named Jilizhazha.(即使在工作日，江苏常州的Kitty Zoo也吸引了一大群游客，他们都渴望见到它的明星——一只名叫jiilizhazha的水豚)”可知，Kitty Zoo有一只明星宠物，名叫jiilizhazha。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“While raising exotic pets brings unique experiences, the owners advise to think twice before we bring these animals home. For Jiang Tao, the primary cost of raising raccoons comes from their destructive nature. “One of them knocked over my TV, costing me 2,000 yuan,” he recalled with a laugh.(虽然饲养异国情调的宠物会带来独特的体验，但主人们建议在把这些动物带回家之前要三思。对蒋涛来说，饲养浣熊的主要成本来自于它们的破坏性。“其中一个撞翻了我的电视，花了我2000元，”他笑着回忆道)”可知，浣熊属于异国宠物，所以浣熊属于外来宠物。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“For Jiang Tao, the primary cost of raising raccoons comes from their destructive nature. “One of them knocked over my TV, costing me 2,000 yuan,” he recalled with a laugh.(对蒋涛来说，饲养浣熊的主要成本来自于它们的破坏性。“其中一个撞翻了我的电视，花了我2000元，”他笑着回忆道)”以及第五段“In addition to managing their wild behaviors, pet owners must also create specific living environments and provide daily care for these unique animals. Capybaras, for example, need regular baths in special pools, and their living spaces must be heated during winter, according to Tang. She explained that a typical male capybara can weigh up to 50 kg and eat a lot, producing a large amount of waste. “Unless you have a large yard or enough space, keeping a capybara indoors isn’t practical,” she advised.(除了管理它们的野生行为，宠物主人还必须创造特定的生活环境，并为这些独特的动物提供日常照顾。例如，水豚需要在特殊的水池中定期洗澡，它们的生活空间在冬天必须加热，唐说。她解释说，一只典型的雄性水豚体重可达50公斤，吃得很多，产生大量废物。“除非你有一个大院子或足够的空间，否则在室内养水豚是不现实的，”她建议道)”可推知，异国宠物的主人需要管理它们的野生行为还要创造特定的生活环境，所以是需要很大的精力。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So while exotic pets charm us, we must remember: behind every cute exotic pet lies devotion few are ready for.(所以，当异国宠物吸引着我们的时候，我们必须记住：在每只可爱的异国宠物背后，都有很少人准备好的忠诚)”可知，作者认为饲养外来宠物，需要有很少人准备好的忠诚，所以应是谨慎的。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山东淄博·期末） L’ Heure Joyeuse was the first library in France designed especially for children. It opened in the Latin Quarter of Paris in 1924, after the First World War. Heure Joyeuse translates as “Happy Hour”, which seems like an odd name for a children’s library. However, the phrase had an entirely different meaning in 1924, indicating the necessity for a place that would help regain joy in French children’s lives after war. Before World War I, children in France had limited chances to read books written for their age level. Only a few public libraries offered small collections for children, usually hidden in a back corner. This contrasted (对比) significantly with English and American libraries, which offered open access to read Children’s books. Eugene Morel, a French librarian and writer, visited some of these libraries and began promoting change. He called on free French public libraries and children’s libraries based on the American model. After the war, a number of American organizations assisted in the rebuilding of France, including American Committee for Devastated France (ACDF). ACDF founded the first modern public library in Paris, the Fessart Library, which included a specific children’s section. A group of American women formed the Book Committee on Children’s Libraries. Their goal was to provide books to European children so they might recover from the trauma (创伤) of war and prepare themselves for a peaceful future. With their help, L’Heure Joyeuse, the children’s library in Paris, opened its doors on November 12, 1924. The original idea behind the creation of L’Heure Joyeuse was to bring children and books together outside of school in a homey, attractive setting. Therefore, the founders hung pictures on the walls and placed flowers on the tables. Custom-made, child-sized wooden furniture was ordered from the United States. Another goal was to serve children of all ages and social backgrounds. Accordingly, the founders selected a location on a crowded neighborhood in the center of Paris with families from many different countries and backgrounds. 1．Why was the library named “L’Heure Joyeuse”? A．To provide a strange name. B．To attract kids’ interest in reading. C．To bring back French kids’ pleasure. D．To make up for the library shortage. 2．What does the underlined word “access” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Chance. B．Addition. C．Contact. D．Award. 3．What does paragraph 3 focus on about the children’s library? A．Its location. B．Its importance. C．Its popularity. D．Its founding. 4．Why is the wooden furniture mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove the high quality of the equipment. B．To stress the children-friendly environment. C．To show different cultures and backgrounds. D．To display the help from American organizations. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国的儿童图书馆L’Heure Joyeuse的建立原因以及建立过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Heure Joyeuse translates as “Happy Hour”, which seems like an odd name for a children’s library. However, the phrase had an entirely different meaning in 1924, indicating the necessity for a place that would help regain joy in French children’s lives after war.(Heure Joyeuse翻译过来就是“欢乐时光”，对于一家儿童图书馆来说，这个名字听起来有点奇怪。然而，在1924年，这句话的含义完全不同，这表明需要一个地方来帮助战后法国儿童重新获得快乐的生活)”可知，图书馆被命名为L’Heure Joyeuse是为了带回法国孩子的快乐。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Before World War I, children in France had limited chances to read books written for their age level. Only a few public libraries offered small collections for children, usually hidden in a back corner.(在第一次世界大战之前，法国的孩子们很少有机会阅读适合他们年龄的书籍。只有少数几家公共图书馆为儿童提供小型藏书，通常藏在角落里)”以及划线词上文“This contrasted (对比) significantly with English and American libraries, which offered open(这与英国和美国的图书馆形成鲜明对比，后者提供开放的……)”可知，法国和美国英国图书馆形成鲜明对比，法国当时孩子很少有机会阅读书籍，说明英国和美国的图书馆提供了这样的阅读机会，所以划线词意思与“机会”意义相近。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“After the war, a number of American organizations assisted in the rebuilding of France, including American Committee for Devastated France (ACDF). ACDF founded the first modern public library in Paris, the Fessart Library, which included a specific children’s section. A group of American women formed the Book Committee on Children’s Libraries. Their goal was to provide books to European children so they might recover from the trauma (创伤) of war and prepare themselves for a peaceful future. With their help, L’Heure Joyeuse, the children’s library in Paris, opened its doors on November 12, 1924.(战后，许多美国组织协助法国重建，其中包括美国受灾法国委员会（ACDF）。ACDF在巴黎建立了第一个现代公共图书馆，Fessart图书馆，其中包括一个专门的儿童区。一群美国妇女成立了儿童图书馆图书委员会。他们的目标是为欧洲儿童提供书籍，使他们能够从战争的创伤中恢复过来，为和平的未来做好准备。在他们的帮助下，巴黎儿童图书馆L’Heure Joyeuse于1924年11月12日开业)”可知，第三段介绍了儿童图书馆的建立过程。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The original idea behind the creation of L’Heure Joyeuse was to bring children and books together outside of school in a homey, attractive setting. Therefore, the founders hung pictures on the walls and placed flowers on the tables. Custom-made, child-sized wooden furniture was ordered from the United States.(L’Heure Joyeuse最初的想法是把孩子和书籍带到一个温馨的、有吸引力的环境中。因此，创始人在墙上挂了画，在桌子上放了花。定制的儿童大小的木制家具是从美国订购的)”可知，最后一段提到了木制家具是为了强调儿童友好的环境。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Jackson Pollock, famous for his drip paintings (滴画), took advantage of certain features of fluid dynamics (流体力学) years before physicists studied them. “His particular painting technique essentially lets physics be a player in the creative process.” noted physicist Andrzej Herezynski. In the 1940s, Pollock transformed the art world. Instead of painting on a standing canvas (画布), he laid it on the floor and let paint drip and splatter (飞溅). The lines and drops in his artworks might seem messy, but they aren’t. Scientists now say they show patterns similar to those found in nature, like in clouds and along coastlines. A team of researchers studied his Untitled 1948-49. This painting features wavy red lines that twist and curl, which are formed due to “coiling”. Coiling is a fluid behavior that happens when a thick liquid flows and twists, like a rope folding onto itself. People once thought Pollock made these lines by moving his hand in a special way, but he didn’t. In fact, by moving his arm at different speeds and using paints of different thicknesses, he could control how much coiling appeared in the final painting. The first scientific papers about coiling didn’t appear until the late 1950s. But Pollock knew all about it in 1948. He was famous for searching for using different kinds of paints, and mixing his paints with special chemicals to make them thicker or thinner. “When Pollock was doing that, in a way he was doing fluid dynamics experiments,” Herezynski said. “What’s interesting here is that he set out to explore that effect in his paintings before physicists were exploring it.” Pollock probably didn’t realize how he was using fluid dynamics in his paintings. He just followed his feelings. “He wasn’t trying to explore the physics behind the process but to create a certain artistic look. But the two were connected — You can’t separate them.” Herezynski added. 1．What made Pollock’s paintings special? A．He painted them on the floor. B．He unknowingly used physical laws. C．He drew inspiration from nature. D．He invited physicists to be co-authors. 2．How did Pollock create the coiling effect in his paintings? A．By using ropes to guide paints. B．By following a fixed color order. C．By making unusual hand motions. D．By adjusting paints’ flowing speed and thickness. 3．What did Herezynski think of Pollock’s experiments? A．They reshaped modern art. B．They explored artistic effects. C．They studied physics behind art. D．They aimed to find the best paints. 4．What might be a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Creativity B．A New Way to Learn Fluid Dynamics C．How Physics Changed Painting D．The Advanced Physics of Jackson Pollock 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了Jackson Pollock在不知情的情况下运用流体力学作画，他凭感觉创作，艺术与物理相连。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jackson Pollock, famous for his drip paintings (滴画), took advantage of certain features of fluid dynamics (流体力学)years before physicists studied them. “His particular painting technique essentially lets physics be a player in the creative process.” noted physicist Andrzej Herezynski.(以滴画法闻名的Jackson Pollock在物理学家研究流体动力学的几年前就利用了流体动力学的某些特征。“他独特的绘画技巧基本上让物理学成为创作过程中的一个参与者。”物理学家Andrzej Herezynski说道)”和最后一段中“Pollock probably didn’t realize how he was using fluid dynamics in his paintings.(Pollock可能没有意识到他是如何在他的画中使用流体动力学的)”可知，Jackson Pollock的作品的特别之处在于他无意识地运用到了流体动力学的物理学理论，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, by moving his arm at different speeds and using paints of different thicknesses, he could control how much coiling appeared in the final painting.(事实上，通过以不同的速度移动他的手臂和使用不同厚度的颜料，他可以控制在最终的画作中出现的盘绕程度)”可知，Pollock通过调整颜料的流动速度和厚度来创造出盘绕的效果，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中““When Pollock was doing that, in a way he was doing fluid dynamics experiments,” Herezynski said. “What’s interesting here is that he set out to explore that effect in his paintings before physicists were exploring it.”(“当Pollock在做这件事的时候，在某种程度上他是在做流体动力学实验，” Herezynski说。“有趣的是，在物理学家探索这种效应之前，他就开始在自己的画作中探索这种效应。”)”可知，Herezynski认为Pollock的实验探索了艺术效应，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Jackson Pollock, famous for his drip paintings (滴画), took advantage of certain features of fluid dynamics (流体力学) years before physicists studied them. “His particular painting technique essentially lets physics be a player in the creative process.” noted physicist Andrzej Herezynski.(以滴画法闻名的Jackson Pollock在物理学家研究流体动力学的几年前就利用了流体动力学的某些特征。“他独特的绘画技巧基本上让物理学成为创作过程中的一个参与者。物理学家Andrzej Herezynski说道)”可知，文章主要介绍了Jackson Pollock在物理学家研究流体动力学的几年前在创作时就利用了流体动力学的某些特征，在某种程度上他是在做流体动力学实验，D项“Jackson Pollock的先进物理学”最适合作为标题，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception (感知) of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. Therefore, a new Ohio study aims to introduce social elements to sensory and consumer tests using immersive technologies such as video walls and VR headphones. In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments: in an individual context, in a social context where pairs of participants sat side by side, and in another social context where video footage of each participant’s partner consuming a cola was played on a video wall. To record their emotional responses, participants rated their feelings immediately after tasting each cola, using a 7-point scale (量表), where I represented “extremely negative” and 7 represented “extremely positive”. The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume. The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5. In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures. “We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.” 1．What is the main problem with traditional sensory and consumer testing? A．It is influenced by food quality. B．It ignores social contexts. C．It takes too much time to complete. D．It can’t rate emotional responses. 2．What does the underlined word “stimuli” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Types of tested drinks. B．Data collection tools. C．Pairs of participants. D．Virtual environments. 3．What can be learned from the testing? A．VR technology does not work as expected. B．The quality of cola determines response scores. C．Individual testing reflects perception of food best. D．Virtual social elements can improve drink consumption. 4．What is Roth Goldberg’s suggestion about? A．Social effects of the findings. B．Directions for further study. C．Choices of research methods. D．Involvement of more researchers. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，探讨社交环境对食品感官和消费者测试结果的影响，并提出引入虚拟社交元素的新方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. (传统的感官和消费者测试通常在独立的房间里进行。问题在于，人们并非在这样的环境中享用食物，而是在存在各种背景元素的环境中，这些元素会影响人类对食物的行为和感知。由于不包含社交元素，参与者的反应可能无法反映真实生活中对食物的感知)”可知，传统感官和消费者测试的主要问题在于它忽略了社会环境。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments(在这项研究中，共有150名参与者被分为三组。他们在三种不同的环境中，用没有标记的杯子分别品尝了一杯碳酸可乐和一杯无气可乐)”和第三段中“The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5.(数据显示，在个体情境组中，碳酸可乐的平均积极反应得分为4.2，而无气可乐的平均积极反应得分仅为2.5)”可知，该研究让参与者品尝碳酸可乐和无气可乐这两种饮料，并收集了他们对这两种饮料的反应数据，所以划线词所在句表达：研究结果表明，在两种社交条件下，两种被测试的饮料类型（即碳酸可乐和无气可乐）的积极反应都显著高于个体条件下的积极反应”，划线词stimuli指的是“被测试的饮料类型”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume.(得分越高，消费意愿越强)”和第三段中“In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures.(在实际共处的社交情境组中，碳酸可乐的平均积极反应得分提高到5.8，而无气可乐的平均积极反应得分提高到4.1。同样，在虚拟社交情境组中，碳酸可乐和无气可乐的平均积极反应得分分别为5.8和4.1。研究结果表明，在两种社交条件下，两种饮品的积极反应都显著高于个体条件下的积极反应。值得注意的是，在任何情绪指标上，两种社交情境之间都没有差异)”可知，从测试中可以了解到虚拟社交元素可以提高饮料的消费意愿。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.”(该研究的负责人Roth Goldberg表示：“我们应该探索其他虚拟社交场景和不同的群体（朋友或陌生人），并将测试扩展到更多种类的食物或饮品上。重要的是，我们必须研究这些发现是否能实际应用于餐厅或产品开发中”)”可知，Roth Goldberg的建议是关于进一步研究的方向。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山东烟台·期末） Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 1．What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A．It can widen tight spaces. B．It can produce fresh water. C．It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D．It is noise-free and flexible. 2．What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A．Describing the testing process. B．Pointing out limitations in design. C．Stressing technical advancement. D．Praising the highest moving speed. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A．Its energy consumption modes. B．Its monitoring strategies. C．Its reliability in gathering information. D．Its possible applications. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A scientific journal. C．A business report. D．An official document. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型游泳机器人的特点及应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise.(与传统基于螺旋桨的系统不同，洛桑联邦理工学院的机器人通过波浪状的鳍在水中移动，没有噪音)”以及第三段中“By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(洛桑联邦理工学院（EPFL）研究员弗洛里安（Florian）解释道：“通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，这款机器人能够达到每秒12厘米（相当于自身身长2.6倍）的惊人速度。得益于其特殊的鳍，它具备出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向游动以及转弯。”)”可知，新游泳机器人的独特之处在于它没有噪音且灵活。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(“我们的设计不仅仅是模仿自然；它超越了自然生物所能达到的。通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，机器人可以达到每秒12厘米（2.6体长）的惊人速度。由于其特殊的鳍，它具有出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向和转弯游泳，”洛桑联邦理工学院研究员Florian解释道)”可推知，Florian的话旨强调该机器人在设计上的技术进步，超越了自然界生物的能力。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests.(他们希望这种机器人能够在环境监测与研究、污染追踪和现代农业等领域发挥作用。例如，在污染追踪方面，它可以通过不断收集和分析数据，迅速找到污染物的来源，无论是工业区的化学泄漏还是海洋狭窄环境中的石油泄漏。他们的下一个目标是建立一个更可靠的野外测试平台)”可知，第五段主要介绍了新机器人可能的应用领域。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. (这个比信用卡还小、重6克的游泳机器人，灵感来自于海扁虫，非常适合在空间有限的环境中使用，比如稻田，或者在水上机器上进行检查。它可以穿过狭窄的空间，运输比自己重得多的货物)”可知，文章主要介绍了洛桑联邦理工学院研发的一种新型多功能游泳机器人，包括其设计特点、技术优势以及潜在的应用领域。由此可推知，文章最可能出自科学期刊。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期末） A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤). Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip (芯片) that allows paralyzed (瘫痪的) patients to move their legs, and even walk again. The chip, only 1mm wide, is designed to be fitted into the brain and spinal cord. If the natural communication between the brain and muscles (肌肉) is lost, this chip becomes the bridge. When the chips work, they create a direct connection between the brain and muscles. The results have been amazing. A 34-year-old man, paralyzed after a fall, could move his legs just one day after the operation on January 8, 2025. Two weeks later, he walked five meters with help. Three other patients had similar operations in February and March, all getting better within weeks. Even though the patients’ nervous systems were damaged (受损), the chips helped them walk again. This marks a big step in China’s progress in medical science and it brings hope for over 3.7 million people in China. “This is just the beginning,” Jia, the lead researcher, says. “With the technology, these people may one day leave wheelchairs behind after 3 to 5 years of training.” Behind this achievement is a long journey of careful research and bold thinking. It took the researchers over 10 years to develop the chip. They tested it on animals first, and then on people. They faced many challenges, yet they never gave up. Step by step, they developed a system to reconnect the mind and body in ways once appearing only in science fiction. As the chip continues to improve, it lights a new path forward—one built on science, shaped by care, and aimed toward a brighter future. 1．What do we know about the chips mentioned in the passage? A．They are only as wide as 2 mm. B．They are fitted into the man’s arms. C．They help the patients walk again. D．They improve the patients’ memory. 2．Which of the following meanings is suitable for the underlined word “bold”? bold /bəʊld/ adj. 1. PERSON/ACTION not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions: He had the ability to take bold imaginative decisions. 2. COLOURS/SHAPES very strong or bright so that you notice them: Stripes are bold, bright, and fun to wear. 3. LINES/WRITING written or drawn in a very clear way: The print should be bold and easy to read. 4. PRINTED LETTERS printed in letters that are darker and thicker than ordinary printed letters: All the headings are in bold type. (From the dictionary) A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4. 3．What is the writer’s main reason for writing this passage? A．To recommend a science story. B．To report a pioneer doctor in medicine. C．To compare different treatments. D．To introduce a new medical success. 4．What would be the best title of this passage? A．China’s Chips Bring New Hope B．Future of China’s Medical Science C．Science Fiction Changes Our Lives D．Challenges for Chinese Scientists 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家研发的种脑脊髓芯片如何帮助脊髓损伤患者恢复行走能力，标志着中国在医学科学领域的重大进步，并为数百万患者带来新希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip (芯片) that allows paralyzed (瘫痪的) patients to move their legs, and even walk again.(科学家创造了一种脑脊髓芯片，使瘫痪的患者能够移动双腿，甚至再次行走。)”可知，文中提到的芯片可以帮助瘫痪患者重新行走起来。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Behind this achievement is a long journey of careful research(在这一成就的背后，是一段漫长的仔细研究)”说明芯片的研究历程非常漫长而艰辛，根据词典中的第一条释义“PERSON/ACTION not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions(敢于冒险和制定困难的决策)”，这与研究者十年攻坚、突破常规的背景匹配，从而推知划线词应为“大胆的，敢于冒险的”的意思。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤). Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip (芯片) that allows paralyzed (瘫痪的) patients to move their legs, and even walk again.(中国的一项医学突破为脊髓损伤患者带来了新的希望。科学家们创造了一种脑脊髓芯片，使瘫痪患者能够移动双腿，甚至再次行走。)”以及全文可知，文章首段点明主题，即医学上的突破，后续聚焦芯片原理、疗效及意义，末段展望未来，作者写这篇文章的主要原因是介绍一项新的医学成功。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“A medical breakthrough in China is giving new hope to people with spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤). Scientists have created a brain-spinal chip (芯片) that allows paralyzed (瘫痪的) patients to move their legs, and even walk again.(中国的一项医学突破为脊髓损伤患者带来了新的希望。科学家们创造了一种脑脊髓芯片，使瘫痪患者能够移动双腿，甚至再次行走。)”可知，本文介绍了中国科学家研发的一种脑脊髓芯片如何帮助脊髓损伤患者恢复行走能力，标志着中国在医学科学领域的重大进步，并力数百万患者带来新希望。选项A“中国芯片带来新的希望”为最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山东滨州·期末） Google’s DeepMind can control a robotic arm to beat ordinary table tennis players, according to a new study. But Fan Zhendong, the 2024 gold medalist for individual and team men’s table tennis, can rest easy: The AI-powered robot could only beat players at a medium level, and only on certain occasions, which was published but has not been reviewed by experts in this field. Robots can now cook and clean, but they struggle to quickly respond to real-world environmental information. Achieving human-level performance in terms of accuracy (准确性), speed and generality still remains a great challenge in many fields. To overcome this limitation, the researchers combined an industrial robot arm with a customized version of DeepMind’s powerful learning algorithms (算法). DeepMind uses neural networks to gradually learn new information. The system was also trained to master specific aspects of the game — for example, the rules, the techniques of playing — with real-world and simulated (模拟的) data in algorithms. As the AI learned, the researchers collected data on its strengths, weaknesses and limitations. Then, they fed this information back to the AI program, thus giving DeepMind a realistic impression of its abilities. The system picked which skills or plans to use in the moment, considering its competitors’ strengths and weaknesses, just like a human table-tennis player might. Most of the human players seemed to like playing against the system. They agreed that playing with the robot was fun and attractive. The new approach could be useful for a wide range of applications that call for quick responses in changing physical environments, as the researchers said. 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．The robot can beat advanced human table tennis players. B．The finding has been published and examined by experts. C．Fan Zhendong can have a good rest because of the invention. D．The level of players matters in the competition with the robot. 2．How did the researchers improve the system? A．By adding more game rules to the system. B．By replacing the control part with a new one. C．By changing the robotic arm into a new version. D．By combining the robotic arm with algorithms and data. 3．What’s the most players’ attitude to this new approach? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Discontent. 4．Which could be a practical application of the new approach? A．Making robots clean the floor in an empty bedroom. B．Guiding robots to serve food in an orderly restaurant. C．Directing robots to rescue people in a burning building. D．Using robots to water plants in a well-organized garden. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了谷歌的DeepMind机器人，介绍了这种机器人的功能以及未来的一些应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But Fan Zhendong, the 2024 gold medalist for individual and team men’s table tennis, can rest easy: The AI-powered robot could only beat players at a medium level, and only on certain occasions, which was published but has not been reviewed by experts in this field.(但2024年男子乒乓球个人和团体金牌得主樊振东可以高枕无忧了：这个人工智能机器人只能在中等水平上击败选手，而且只能在某些场合，这篇文章已经发表，但还没有经过该领域专家的审查)”可知，在与机器人的比赛中，选手的水平很重要。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To overcome this limitation, the researchers combined an industrial robot arm with a customized version of DeepMind’s powerful learning algorithms (算法).(为了克服这一限制，研究人员将工业机械臂与DeepMind强大学习算法的定制版本结合起来)”可知，研究人员将机械臂与算法和数据相结合来改进这个系统。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Most of the human players seemed to like playing against the system. They agreed that playing with the robot was fun and attractive.(大多数人类玩家似乎都喜欢与系统对抗。他们一致认为和机器人一起玩既有趣又有吸引力)”可知，大多数玩家对这种新方法的态度是积极的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new approach could be useful for a wide range of applications that call for quick responses in changing physical environments, as the researchers said.(研究人员说，这种新方法可以用于需要在不断变化的物理环境中快速反应的广泛应用)”可知，指挥机器人在燃烧的建筑物中营救人员是新方法的实际应用。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can cat. 1．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 3．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极地区坚强的幸存者北极狐。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. (而在夏天，它的灰色皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配。)”可知，北极狐的皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配为了隐藏自己，继而保护自己。因此冬天的皮毛变成白色即雪一样的样色，也是为了隐藏自己。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。它厚厚的皮毛最能保暖，保持40℃舒适的体温。它有极好的听觉和敏锐的嗅觉，可以在24英里外嗅到北极熊留下的尸体。)”可知本段主要讲述北极狐的适应性。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. (然而，在挪威、瑞典和芬兰，它的数量严重濒危，不到200只。气候变化被认为是主要原因。随着气温升高，积雪减少，所以北极狐的浅色皮毛也不能帮助它与周围环境相匹配。体型较大的红狐比北极狐更有竞争力，因为它的饮食更多样化；红狐可以吃在山路上发现的人类排泄物。)”可知，气候变化引起积雪减少，导致北极狐的浅色皮毛不能与周围环境相匹配，且红狐的饮食更加多样化，加剧了红狐与北极狐的竞争，由此可知，气候变化加剧了狐类之间的竞争。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. (一只孤独的北极狐慢慢地走过一片白茫茫的苔原，饥肠辘辘。)”，第二段“Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. (狐狸很聪明，它们会在岩石下储存额外的食物以备后用，或者跟着北极熊吃它们捕杀的剩菜。)”，第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。)”及最后一段“In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. (般来说，北极狐被认为是北极最寒冷地区“最不受关注”的物种。)”可知，本文主要讲述北极狐这个北极地区的坚强的幸存者，北极狐小巧可爱，但却能在艰苦的环境下，在狐类激烈的竞争下存活下来，因此北极狐是小而生命力强的物种。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 1．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A top destination for hiking lovers. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A wonderland for tiny plants. D．A remote land with modern buildings. 2．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Calmness and attentiveness. C．Quickness and confidence. D．Determination and courage. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable"? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego. B．The disadvantages of bryophytes. C．The smallest island in South America. D．A tiny forest on the tip of the world. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于南美洲最南端的火地岛上的一个民族植物学公园，这里拥有丰富的苔藓植物资源。文章详细描述了游客在公园内的体验，包括使用放大镜观察苔藓植物的细节，以及苔藓植物中一种奇特的种类——Old Man’s Beard的作用和生长环境。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found.(火地岛，这个位于南美洲南端的偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能没有什么特别之处，但说到苔藓植物，它却是地球上苔藓植物最丰富的地区之一。在这片面积不到地球陆地表面积0.01%的区域内，却发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种。)”可知，文章主要围绕火地岛展开，重点讲述了火地岛在苔藓植物（苔藓及其他小型植物）方面的丰富性。文中提到，在这片仅占地球陆地面积不到0.01%的区域内，却拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种。火地岛上的公园鼓励游客去探索这些小型植物构成的“微型森林”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地在公园里行走时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们。)”可知，在植物园探索时，专注是关键，因为一不小心就可能错过这些苔藓植物甚至踩到它们。这意味着需要保持专注，也就是attentiveness，同时在园内行走需要小心翼翼，要保持一种沉稳的状态，即calmness。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly.( Old Man’s Beard对污染极为敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎已经消失不见。但在火地岛，这里的空气和雨水是地球上最洁净的，它却肆意生长。)”可知，Old Man’s Beard在地球大部分地区几乎消失，而在空气和雨水最洁净的火地岛却肆意生长，说明它对污染的反应很强烈，受污染影响很大，很容易因污染而难以生存。由此可知，划线单词和“敏感的”意思相似。选项A“sensitive”，意为“敏感的”，与此相符。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出在火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园鼓励游客关注微观世界，接着说明火地岛虽在动物和树木方面不突出，但苔藓植物丰富，是地球上苔藓植物物种丰富的地区之一。然后描述了进入公园后用放大镜探索由苔藓植物构成的 “微型森林”，介绍了其中一些奇特的植物如Old Man’s Beard等，强调了这些苔藓植物的独特以及在火地岛的生长情况，整体围绕火地岛的“微型森林”展开。故选D。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $