专题05 巧用名词性从句(讲义) - 高中英语写作从零开始

2025-11-24
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专题05 巧用名词性从句 写作指导 识 核心概念:什么是名词性从句? 顾名思义,名词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此,名词性从句也相应地分为四大类: 1. 主语从句 - 从句在句中作主语。 2. 宾语从句 - 从句在句中作宾语。 3. 表语从句 - 从句在句中作表语(位于系动词后)。 4. 同位语从句 - 从句在句中作同位语,对抽象名词进行解释说明。 1. 表达复杂思想:将简单的想法(一个词或一个短语)扩展成一个完整的句子单位,承载更丰富的信息。 2. 提升句子层次:使句子结构多变,富有节奏感,彰显语言功底。 3. 使逻辑更严密:清晰地表达观点、事实、原因、方式等,让论述更有力。 从属连词 只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。 that (无词义), whether (是否), if (是否,多用于口语) 连接代词 既有连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。 who, whom, what, which, whose 连接副词 既有连接作用,又在从句中充当状语。 when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 - 开篇明义,突出焦点 结构: 主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他 · That he will succeed is certain. (That 只起连接作用,无词义,不充当成分) · 译文: 他一定会成功。 · 写作点拨: 直接有力地陈述一个事实或观点,比 "His success is certain." 更正式。 · What we need now is more time. (What 在从句中作宾语,意为“...的东西”) · 译文: 我们现在需要的是更多时间。 · 写作点拨: 用于强调核心诉求或关键事物,非常实用。 · Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. (Whether 表示“是否”) · 译文: 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 · 写作点拨: 用于引出不确定的条件,使论述更严谨。 【写作高级技巧】:"It" 作形式主语 当主语从句较长时,为避免头重脚轻,常用 It is + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + that 从句 的结构。 · 普通:That we should protect the environment is important. · 高级:It is important that we should protect the environment. · 常用句型: · It is clear/obvious/true that... 很明显/真实的是... · It is important/necessary that... ...是重要的/必要的 · It is said/reported/believed that... 据说/据报道/人们相信... · It is a pity/a fact that... 遗憾的是/事实是... 2. 宾语从句 - 最常用,丰富及物动词的内容 结构: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句 · I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. (在动词believe后,that可省略) · 译文: 我相信诚实是上策。 · 写作点拨: 用于表达观点、信念,是议论文的常用句式。 · Can you tell me where the bus station is? (where 在从句中作地点状语) · 译文: 你能告诉我公交车站在哪吗? · I wonder how he solved the problem. (how 在从句中作方式状语) · 译文: 我想知道他是如何解决这个问题的。 · 写作点拨: 用于引出疑问或思考,增加文章的探索性。 【写作高级技巧】:宾语从句与“介词”和“形容词”的搭配 · 介词后: We are talking about whether we should join the club. (about是介词) · 形容词后: I am sure (that) you will make it. (sure是形容词) 3. 表语从句 - 定义与阐释,位于系动词后 结构: 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 · The problem is that we lack experience. (that 引导,对problem进行说明) · 译文: 问题在于我们缺乏经验。 · 写作点拨: 直指问题核心,常用于分析原因。 · That is why I disagree with you. (why 引导,解释“那就是...的原因”) · 译文: 这就是我不同意你的原因。 · 写作点拨: 强有力的总结句,常用于段落结尾。 · It seems as if it is going to rain. (as if 引导,表示“好像”) · 译文: 看起来好像要下雨了。 4. 同位语从句 - 解释抽象名词,使内容具体化 结构: 抽象名词 + that + 完整的陈述句 (关键: that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,且不能省略。) 常见的抽象名词: news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, possibility, belief等。 · The news that our team had won made us excited. · 分析: "that our team had won" 解释了 "news" 的具体内容。从句本身结构完整,不缺成分。 · 译文: 我们队获胜的消息让我们很兴奋。 · I have no idea when he will come back. · 译文: 我不知道他什么时候回来。 · There is no doubt that he is guilty. · 译文: 毫无疑问他是有罪的。 · 写作点拨: 这是一个非常有力的论证句式。 【区分宾语从句和同位语从句】 · 宾语从句: 动词后的从句。We heard the news that he told us. (that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略。) · 同位语从句: 名词后的从句。We heard the news that he had won the game. (that只起连接作用,不充当成分,不可省略。) 专项练习 练 一、单句语法填空30题 1. ______ he will come to the party tomorrow remains a mystery. 2. I wonder ______ she has received my email or not. 3. ______ we need most now is enough time to prepare for the exam. 4. The fact ______ he passed the final test surprised all his classmates. 5. She hasn’t decided ______ university she should apply for. 6. ______ makes me happy is seeing my family healthy and safe. 7. It’s a pity ______ you can’t attend the important meeting. 8. Could you tell me ______ the nearest subway station is? 9. The teacher asked ______ we had finished our homework on time. 10. ______ team will win the game depends on their actual performance. 11. I have no idea ______ he left the company without saying goodbye. 12. The news ______ our school won the competition spread quickly. 13. ______ he succeeded in the project is due to his hard work. 14. She is curious about ______ life will be like in 50 years. 15. It’s important ______ we should develop good learning habits. 16. Do you know ______ will be in charge of the new department? 17. The problem ______ we should solve first has been discussed. 18. ______ the meeting will be held hasn’t been announced yet. 19. I doubt ______ the plan is practical enough to carry out. 20. His dream ______ he could travel around the world has come true. 21. ______ you choose to do, you should stick to it until the end. 22. Could you explain ______ you were late for the interview? 23. It’s reported ______ the number of wild animals is increasing. 24. She doesn’t care ______ others think of her as long as she does right. 25. ______ broke the window yesterday is still unknown. 26. The question ______ we need to hire more staff is under consideration. 27. I’m not sure ______ he can finish the task within three days. 28. ______ he told us at the meeting was very inspiring. 29. The belief ______ hard work leads to success is deeply rooted in him. 30. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time? 二、长句翻译20题 1. 我们是否能按时完成任务取决于大家的共同努力。(主语从句) 2. 我想知道你是否愿意和我们一起参加周末的志愿者活动。(宾语从句) 3. 他在演讲中提到的内容给我留下了深刻的印象。(主语从句) 4. 事实是,很多年轻人都面临着巨大的学业和工作压力。(表语从句) 5. 老师建议我们每天花半小时练习英语口语。(宾语从句) 6. 谁能获得这次奖学金还没有最终确定。(主语从句) 7. 我的观点是,环境保护应该从我们身边的小事做起。(表语从句) 8. 她问我最近是否读过一本关于人工智能的新书。(宾语从句) 9. 我们最需要的是相互理解和支持,而不是指责。(主语从句) 10. 消息传来,我们的球队在总决赛中获得了冠军。(同位语从句) 11. 我不确定他明天是否会来参加我们的研讨会。(宾语从句) 12. 为什么他突然改变主意仍然是一个谜。(主语从句) 13. 父母的期望是我们能成为有责任感、有爱心的人。(表语从句) 14. 请告诉我你在国外学习时遇到的最大挑战是什么。(宾语从句) 15. 他能在这么短的时间内掌握一门新语言,这让所有人都很惊讶。(主语从句) 16. 关于我们是否应该扩大公司规模的问题,还需要进一步讨论。(同位语从句) 17. 我相信只要我们齐心协力,就没有克服不了的困难。(宾语从句) 18. 最让我感动的是他在困境中仍然保持积极乐观的态度。(主语从句) 19. 医生提醒我们,均衡饮食和规律运动对健康至关重要。(宾语从句) 20. 那个古老城堡背后有一个传说,说它隐藏着一笔巨大的财富。(同位语从句) 答案: 一、单句语法填空30题 1. Whether(主语从句,表“是否”,位于句首只能用whether,不能用if) 2. whether(宾语从句,与or not连用,只能用whether) 3. What(主语从句,从句中缺宾语,表“所……的事物”) 4. that(同位语从句,解释fact的具体内容,that无含义、不充当成分) 5. which(宾语从句,表“哪一所”,有选择范围) 6. What(主语从句,从句中缺主语,表“让我开心的事”) 7. that(主语从句,it为形式主语,that引导真正主语从句,无含义) 8. where(宾语从句,表“在哪里”,从句用陈述语序) 9. if(宾语从句,表“是否”,可与whether互换,位于及物动词后) 10. Which(主语从句,表“哪一支队伍”,有明确选择范围) 11. why(宾语从句,表“为什么”,从句用陈述语序) 12. that(同位语从句,解释news的具体内容,that不充当成分) 13. That(主语从句,从句语义完整,that起连接作用,不可省略) 14. what(宾语从句,从句中缺宾语,表“……的样子”) 15. that(主语从句,it为形式主语,that引导真正主语从句,无含义) 16. who(宾语从句,表“谁”,从句中作主语) 17. that/which(宾语从句,从句中缺宾语,指代the problem,可省略) 18. When(主语从句,表“什么时候”,从句用陈述语序) 19. if/whether(宾语从句,表“是否”,doubt后接宾语从句常用if/whether) 20. that(同位语从句,解释dream的具体内容,that无含义) 21. Whatever(主语从句,表“无论什么”,相当于no matter what,从句中作宾语) 22. why(宾语从句,表“为什么”,从句用陈述语序) 23. that(主语从句,it为形式主语,that引导真正主语从句,用于被动语态) 24. what(宾语从句,从句中缺宾语,表“别人对她的看法”) 25. Who(主语从句,表“谁”,从句中作主语) 26. whether(同位语从句,解释question的具体内容,表“是否”,用whether) 27. if/whether(宾语从句,表“是否”,位于be sure后,两者可互换) 28. What(主语从句,从句中缺宾语,表“他在会议上说的话”) 29. that(同位语从句,解释belief的具体内容,that无含义、不充当成分) 30. where(宾语从句,表“在哪里”,从句用陈述语序) 二、长句翻译20题 1. Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the joint efforts of everyone.(主语从句,whether引导主语从句,表“是否”,不可用if替换) 2. I wonder if/whether you are willing to participate in the weekend volunteer activity with us.(宾语从句,if/whether表“是否”,位于wonder后,从句用陈述语序) 3. What he mentioned in the speech left a deep impression on me.(主语从句,what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,表“所提到的内容”) 4. The fact is that many young people are facing great academic and work pressure.(表语从句,that引导表语从句,解释主语fact的具体内容,不可省略) 5. The teacher suggested that we should spend half an hour practicing oral English every day.(宾语从句,suggest后接宾语从句,用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,should可省略) 6. Who can get this scholarship has not been finally determined.(主语从句,who引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表“谁”) 7. My view is that environmental protection should start with small things around us.(表语从句,that引导表语从句,解释主语view的具体内容,无含义) 8. She asked me if/whether I had read a new book about artificial intelligence recently.(宾语从句,if/whether表“是否”,从句用陈述语序,时态与主句一致) 9. What we need most is mutual understanding and support rather than blame.(主语从句,what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,表“我们最需要的东西”) 10. The news came that our team won the championship in the final.(同位语从句,that引导同位语从句,解释news的具体内容,分隔式同位语) 11. I’m not sure if/whether he will come to our seminar tomorrow.(宾语从句,if/whether表“是否”,位于be not sure后,两者可互换) 12. Why he suddenly changed his mind remains a mystery.(主语从句,why引导主语从句,表“为什么”,从句用陈述语序) 13. Parents’ expectation is that we can become responsible and caring people.(表语从句,that引导表语从句,解释主语expectation的具体内容,无含义) 14. Please tell me what the biggest challenge you encountered when studying abroad was.(宾语从句,what引导宾语从句,从句用陈述语序,疑问词后接定语从句) 15. That he could master a new language in such a short time surprised everyone.(主语从句,that引导主语从句,从句语义完整,起连接作用) 16. The question whether we should expand the company’s scale needs further discussion.(同位语从句,whether引导同位语从句,解释question的具体内容,表“是否”) 17. I believe that as long as we work together, there are no difficulties that cannot be overcome.(宾语从句,that引导宾语从句,位于及物动词believe后,可省略) 18. What moved me most is that he still maintained a positive and optimistic attitude in difficulties.(主语从句+表语从句,what引导主语从句作主语,that引导表语从句解释内容) 19. The doctor reminded us that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial to health.(宾语从句,that引导宾语从句,位于及物动词reminded后,可省略) 20. There is a legend behind that ancient castle that it hides a great fortune.(同位语从句,that引导同位语从句,解释legend的具体内容,分隔式同位语) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题05 巧用名词性从句 写作指导 识 核心概念:什么是名词性从句? 顾名思义,名词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此,名词性从句也相应地分为四大类: 1. 主语从句 - 从句在句中作主语。 2. 宾语从句 - 从句在句中作宾语。 3. 表语从句 - 从句在句中作表语(位于系动词后)。 4. 同位语从句 - 从句在句中作同位语,对抽象名词进行解释说明。 1. 表达复杂思想:将简单的想法(一个词或一个短语)扩展成一个完整的句子单位,承载更丰富的信息。 2. 提升句子层次:使句子结构多变,富有节奏感,彰显语言功底。 3. 使逻辑更严密:清晰地表达观点、事实、原因、方式等,让论述更有力。 从属连词 只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。 that (无词义), whether (是否), if (是否,多用于口语) 连接代词 既有连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。 who, whom, what, which, whose 连接副词 既有连接作用,又在从句中充当状语。 when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 - 开篇明义,突出焦点 结构: 主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他 · That he will succeed is certain. (That 只起连接作用,无词义,不充当成分) · 译文: 他一定会成功。 · 写作点拨: 直接有力地陈述一个事实或观点,比 "His success is certain." 更正式。 · What we need now is more time. (What 在从句中作宾语,意为“...的东西”) · 译文: 我们现在需要的是更多时间。 · 写作点拨: 用于强调核心诉求或关键事物,非常实用。 · Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. (Whether 表示“是否”) · 译文: 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 · 写作点拨: 用于引出不确定的条件,使论述更严谨。 【写作高级技巧】:"It" 作形式主语 当主语从句较长时,为避免头重脚轻,常用 It is + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + that 从句 的结构。 · 普通:That we should protect the environment is important. · 高级:It is important that we should protect the environment. · 常用句型: · It is clear/obvious/true that... 很明显/真实的是... · It is important/necessary that... ...是重要的/必要的 · It is said/reported/believed that... 据说/据报道/人们相信... · It is a pity/a fact that... 遗憾的是/事实是... 2. 宾语从句 - 最常用,丰富及物动词的内容 结构: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句 · I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. (在动词believe后,that可省略) · 译文: 我相信诚实是上策。 · 写作点拨: 用于表达观点、信念,是议论文的常用句式。 · Can you tell me where the bus station is? (where 在从句中作地点状语) · 译文: 你能告诉我公交车站在哪吗? · I wonder how he solved the problem. (how 在从句中作方式状语) · 译文: 我想知道他是如何解决这个问题的。 · 写作点拨: 用于引出疑问或思考,增加文章的探索性。 【写作高级技巧】:宾语从句与“介词”和“形容词”的搭配 · 介词后: We are talking about whether we should join the club. (about是介词) · 形容词后: I am sure (that) you will make it. (sure是形容词) 3. 表语从句 - 定义与阐释,位于系动词后 结构: 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 · The problem is that we lack experience. (that 引导,对problem进行说明) · 译文: 问题在于我们缺乏经验。 · 写作点拨: 直指问题核心,常用于分析原因。 · That is why I disagree with you. (why 引导,解释“那就是...的原因”) · 译文: 这就是我不同意你的原因。 · 写作点拨: 强有力的总结句,常用于段落结尾。 · It seems as if it is going to rain. (as if 引导,表示“好像”) · 译文: 看起来好像要下雨了。 4. 同位语从句 - 解释抽象名词,使内容具体化 结构: 抽象名词 + that + 完整的陈述句 (关键: that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,且不能省略。) 常见的抽象名词: news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, possibility, belief等。 · The news that our team had won made us excited. · 分析: "that our team had won" 解释了 "news" 的具体内容。从句本身结构完整,不缺成分。 · 译文: 我们队获胜的消息让我们很兴奋。 · I have no idea when he will come back. · 译文: 我不知道他什么时候回来。 · There is no doubt that he is guilty. · 译文: 毫无疑问他是有罪的。 · 写作点拨: 这是一个非常有力的论证句式。 【区分宾语从句和同位语从句】 · 宾语从句: 动词后的从句。We heard the news that he told us. (that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略。) · 同位语从句: 名词后的从句。We heard the news that he had won the game. (that只起连接作用,不充当成分,不可省略。) 专项练习 练 一、单句语法填空30题 1. ______ he will come to the party tomorrow remains a mystery. 2. I wonder ______ she has received my email or not. 3. ______ we need most now is enough time to prepare for the exam. 4. The fact ______ he passed the final test surprised all his classmates. 5. She hasn’t decided ______ university she should apply for. 6. ______ makes me happy is seeing my family healthy and safe. 7. It’s a pity ______ you can’t attend the important meeting. 8. Could you tell me ______ the nearest subway station is? 9. The teacher asked ______ we had finished our homework on time. 10. ______ team will win the game depends on their actual performance. 11. I have no idea ______ he left the company without saying goodbye. 12. The news ______ our school won the competition spread quickly. 13. ______ he succeeded in the project is due to his hard work. 14. She is curious about ______ life will be like in 50 years. 15. It’s important ______ we should develop good learning habits. 16. Do you know ______ will be in charge of the new department? 17. The problem ______ we should solve first has been discussed. 18. ______ the meeting will be held hasn’t been announced yet. 19. I doubt ______ the plan is practical enough to carry out. 20. His dream ______ he could travel around the world has come true. 21. ______ you choose to do, you should stick to it until the end. 22. Could you explain ______ you were late for the interview? 23. It’s reported ______ the number of wild animals is increasing. 24. She doesn’t care ______ others think of her as long as she does right. 25. ______ broke the window yesterday is still unknown. 26. The question ______ we need to hire more staff is under consideration. 27. I’m not sure ______ he can finish the task within three days. 28. ______ he told us at the meeting was very inspiring. 29. The belief ______ hard work leads to success is deeply rooted in him. 30. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time? 二、长句翻译20题 1. 我们是否能按时完成任务取决于大家的共同努力。(主语从句) 2. 我想知道你是否愿意和我们一起参加周末的志愿者活动。(宾语从句) 3. 他在演讲中提到的内容给我留下了深刻的印象。(主语从句) 4. 事实是,很多年轻人都面临着巨大的学业和工作压力。(表语从句) 5. 老师建议我们每天花半小时练习英语口语。(宾语从句) 6. 谁能获得这次奖学金还没有最终确定。(主语从句) 7. 我的观点是,环境保护应该从我们身边的小事做起。(表语从句) 8. 她问我最近是否读过一本关于人工智能的新书。(宾语从句) 9. 我们最需要的是相互理解和支持,而不是指责。(主语从句) 10. 消息传来,我们的球队在总决赛中获得了冠军。(同位语从句) 11. 我不确定他明天是否会来参加我们的研讨会。(宾语从句) 12. 为什么他突然改变主意仍然是一个谜。(主语从句) 13. 父母的期望是我们能成为有责任感、有爱心的人。(表语从句) 14. 请告诉我你在国外学习时遇到的最大挑战是什么。(宾语从句) 15. 他能在这么短的时间内掌握一门新语言,这让所有人都很惊讶。(主语从句) 16. 关于我们是否应该扩大公司规模的问题,还需要进一步讨论。(同位语从句) 17. 我相信只要我们齐心协力,就没有克服不了的困难。(宾语从句) 18. 最让我感动的是他在困境中仍然保持积极乐观的态度。(主语从句) 19. 医生提醒我们,均衡饮食和规律运动对健康至关重要。(宾语从句) 20. 那个古老城堡背后有一个传说,说它隐藏着一笔巨大的财富。(同位语从句) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题05 巧用名词性从句(讲义) - 高中英语写作从零开始
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专题05 巧用名词性从句(讲义) - 高中英语写作从零开始
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