专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——生活与公益 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省泉州市·期末）One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. Barman’s love of animals started at age five while she lived with her grandparents by the Brahmaputra River, where she often encountered all sorts of birds coming to the fields and wetlands. Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. But with her tireless effort, she managed to change his views and the villager joined her in protecting the birds. “After that, I experienced the power of the community and decided-to make use of it for stork conservation,” Barman added. She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. “Initially women hesitated to come out and volunteer. But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. Slowly and gradually, we increased the network, and now we are saving many other endangered species,” Barman said. 1．What has led to the decrease of the storks in Assam? A．The attack of diseases. B．High demand for wood. C．Villagers’ negative attitude. D．Ignorance of their situation: 2．What drove Barman to found “the Hargila Army of villagers”? A．Her bird-watching experience. B．Her PhD study on the bird. C．Her effort to prevent tree cutting. D．Her communication with a villager. 3．How did Barman involve women at first? A．By visiting them door to door. B．By organising a cooking contest: C．By giving away food to them. D．By hosting voluntary activities. 4．What can we learn about Barman from her deeds? A．She strives to preserve wildlife. B．She values diverse views. C．She prioritises academic education. D．She cares about villagers’ welfare. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省宁德市·期末）The “Father of the National Park System,” John Muir was an influential writer, naturalist, and environmentalist during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland, he moved to the United States with his family and was attracted by the land. He was a prize-winning inventor, but it’s his love for wild places and absolute devotion to protecting them that we remember him for. As a young man, he explored the North American continent by foot, walking thousands of miles until he eventually settled in California. There, he fell in love with Yosemite Valley and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. His article series, “Studies in the Sierra,” put his name on the map and launched a prolific writing career, with over 300 articles and 10 books published. A true mountain man, he encouraged everyone to “climb the mountains and get their good tidings”. His writings inspired presidents, congressmen, and average citizens to care about nature. In 1890, due in large part to a series of articles he published in Century magazine, U.S. Congress created Yosemite National Park. Muir was also involved in the creation of the Sequoia, Mount Rainier, Petrified Forest, and Grand Canyon National Parks, thus earning his title. But his work didn’t stop there: in 1892, Muir and his supporters founded the Sierra Club to “do something for wildness and make the mountains glad.” In 1901, he published the book “Our National Parks” and caught the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt, who visited him at Yosemite. During that visit, they laid the foundation of Roosevelt’s groundbreaking protection programs. Muir died in 1914, but his memory lives on, continuing to inspire new generations of environmentalist everywhere. 1．Which can best explain the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2? A．High-paying. B．Normal. C．Full-time. D．Productive. 2．What contributed to Muir’s writing career? A．His love for wild places. B．His work as an environmentalist. C．His devotion to national parks. D．His exploration of American continents. 3．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Muir’s articles earned him his title. B．Muir appealed for the protection of national parks. C．Muir inspired people to visit national parks. D．Muir’s articles had an influence on official decision. 4．Which words can best describe Muir? A．Adventurous and committed. B．Determined and humorous. C．Honest and courageous. D．Generous and inspirational. 主题02 人与自我——生活体验 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高上学期·福建省莆田第九中学·期末）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1．Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A．nervous system B．blood C．skin D．saliva 2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．It didn’t save the man’s life. B．The man was his second patient. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The treatment for rabies. B．The introduction to rabies vaccine. C．An analysis of the cause of rabies. D．Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末）Kate Winslet is, according to herself, an “open” book. Her honesty and down-to-earth nature have made her one of the world’s most beloved celebrities — and these are on display in an interview with Harpe’s Bazaar, where she shared very personal details about her life. Despite her fame and fortune, she was a battler who overcame many barriers to get to where she is today. “My father had dreams of becoming a great actor and always made the most of things.” Winslet warmly recalled. However, when Winslet was just 11, her father had an accident and lost his foot, significantly affecting the family’s future. “His foot was reattached through a wonderful operation, but that was extremely hard for him. And at that point, we were supported by the Children’s Trust, helping with school expenses. I am one of the most unlikely success stories,” she explained. Despite all the hardships, her family did everything in their power to help Winslet achieve her dream. She told Harpe’s, “I’ve always been so grateful to my parents that they attach great importance to my dream.” When she was 17, it was her father who took her to try out for the teenage movie Heavenly Creatures and encouraged her, “You’ll get the role.” And she just thought, “Yes, I’m going to get it.” It was a role she ultimately landed. “It was a quiet, humble (谦逊的) sort of confidence that I’ve always tried to hang on to,” she added. For Winslet, remembering her history and where she came from is essential to who she is today. “It’s very hard to stay grounded, but I did.” 1．What did Winslet do in the interview? A．She showed her love for nature. B．She shared reasons for her popularity. C．She revealed individual life experiences. D．She recommended a book about celebrities. 2．Why is Winslet’s childhood mentioned? A．To introduce a charity organization. B．To show her family harmony. C．To praise her father’s tough character. D．To stress her suffering in growth. 3．What is the main reason why Winslet thanked her parents? A．They took her dream seriously. B．They won a role for her. C．They offered her financial support. D．They taught her acting skills. 4．Which of the following best describes Winslet? A．Generous. B．Reliable. C．Determined. D．Creative. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田第一中学·期末）As my kids and I walked around a community garden the other week, I asked them what veggies they could identify. We were in Alberta, where many plants were still in their early stages of growth — I wasn’t optimistic about what the kids would be able to name by leaves alone. However, they called out, “Tomatoes! Potatoes! Carrots!” Their answers made me even prouder than if they’d just explained some knowledge of physics. All the time we’ve spent in our home garden is actually sinking in. Although I’ve been gardening for years, this year feels different. Spending time in the garden has helped me with my own well-being at a trying time, and it has given me a new way to connect with my kids when I’m running out of steam. My garden is wild, full of life, and a bit messy. Honestly, the same goes for my kids — and I don’t expect perfection from them either. Unless you’re relying on your yield for money or food, it’s a good idea to have your expectations for gardening as low as possible. My kids say they “love the garden” but “don’t like gardening” — I think they mean they don’t like the chores. If I have some weeding or potting to do, I’ll also have some entertainment for them, which can be as simple as “find these 10 rocks” or “wet this plot with your water gun”. Involving the kids in every stage of the process can be powerful and fun, even if what you have are just a few containers on a balcony. “Gardening allows us to spend free, unscheduled outdoor time with our kids,” writes journalist and author Shannon Brescher Shea in her book Growing Sustainable Together. “Let your kids lead the way. Invite them to participate in every step, from planting to harvesting, but don’t force it.” One of the best things about gardens is the food, but frankly, my kids are not going to be pushing greens into their mouths any time soon. Finding uses for garden goods that go beyond food production can spark interest and supply you with some unexpectedly good results. 1．What can the author infer from her kids’ answers? A．It’s worthwhile to spend time in her garden. B．It’s great to witness her kids’ academic progress. C．It’s necessary for kids to know common sense. D．It’s difficult for kids to learn plants in early stages. 2．What do we know about the author’s garden? A．It is in a complete mess. B．It has a rise in output. C．It has been abandoned for long. D．It goes as nature takes its course. 3．How does the author attract the kids’ interest in gardening? A．By giving rewards afterwards. B．By giving more encouragement. C．By adding recreational activities. D．By asking them to have short breaks. 4．What is Shannon’s suggestion on parents’ involving kids in gardening? A．Teaching kids the power and fun of harvesting. B．Encouraging kids’ active participation. C．Allowing kids to observe every step carefully. D．Setting an example for kids in doing gardening. 主题03 人与自我——成长突破 Passage 1 （2024~2025学年高二上学期·福建仙游第一中学·期末）It was Ethan’s first camping trip, and every sound — the hoot of an owl, the rustle of squirrels — felt like a secret the woods was sharing. By dusk, they’d set up their tent, and Ethan proudly stacked firewood for their campfire, his dad teaching him to “keep it small, keep it safe.” Ethan woke to crackling. Not the soft pop of their fire, but a roar. Flames had caught the dry underbrush, climbing toward the trees. His dad was already yelling, grabbing their water jugs, but the fire spread faster than they could pour. “Stay back!” his dad shouted, racing to find help. Ethan froze, then remembered his science class: fire needs oxygen. He spotted their picnic blanket, thick and woolen. Without thinking, he grabbed it, soaked it in the nearby stream, and charged. The heat singed his cheeks as he threw the blanket over the smallest flames, smothering them. He repeated it, again and again, his arms burning, until only smoke curled from the blackened earth when his dad returned with rangers. “You saved this forest,” a ranger said, clapping his shoulder. But Ethan couldn’t stop thinking: What if I hadn’t had that blanket? Months later, his bedroom became a workshop. He studied forest fires online, learned they spread in unpredictable bursts, and brainstormed. Using a old backpack, a pressure valve from a bike pump, and a tank filled with fire-retardant foam, he built a prototype. It was light enough for a kid to carry, sprayed foam that clung to trees, and had a hose long enough to reach high branches.He called it the “Woodland Guardian.” At the school science fair, judges stared as he demonstrated. A forest ranger from that night even showed up, grinning. “This could change things,” she said. Ethan smiled, remembering the fire. Bravery, he realized, wasn’t just fighting flames — it was turning fear into something that protects. And sometimes, the smallest hands hold the biggest ideas. 1．What did Ethan’s dad teach him about campfire?​ A．To make it as big as possible.​ B．To let it burn all night. C．To keep it small and safe.​ D．To put it out immediately after use.​ 2．Why did Ethan use the picnic blanket to fight the fire?​ A．Because his dad told him to do so.​ B．Because he thought it could smother the fire by cutting off oxygen.​ C．Because there was no other equipment available.​ D．Because the blanket was fire-resistant.​ 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word in the text?​ A．restore​ B．sodden C．participate​ D．spray​ 4．What can we learn from Ethan’s story?​ A．Bravery is just about fighting against dangers directly.​ B．Small children can’t come up with great ideas.​ C．We should turn fear into something positive.​ D．Forest fires are easy to put out. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第十五中学·期末）Ever since he was nine years old, Daniel Arundel has been helping his mother Elizabeth in the kitchen. He learnt to bake cakes and savouries (咸味小吃) at home. On Saturdays, he helped fill the rolls at the sandwich shop his mum ran. Now Daniel, who is only 19, has turned his enjoyment of making food into a successful business. “I’ve always loved making things for people to eat and I realized I wasn’t too bad at it.” says Daniel, who started selling his cakes while at secondary schoo1. “For two years every Sunday, I would sell cakes I had baked at home with Mum on a market stand.” His plan to open a bakery in his hometown impressed his teachers and they encouraged him to submit his idea to a national competition for ambitious business people. Although he didn’t win, Daniel was awarded an award of €1,000 to help his project. Arundel Bakery opened on an industrial site in Oldham surrounded by offices full of staff looking for somewhere for their lunch. So he opened a sandwich shop at the front of the Bakery. He now employs three staff, including his mum, who make food for various customers. And they also help the community later by making fresh hot meals for the elderly. Last year Daniel was runner-up in another competition to recognize entrepreneurial (创业的) talent. The competition was organized by the Edge Foundation, an education charity, which encourages career routes to young people who can’t be admitted by a university. Daniel said, “I have been crazy in the past few years. I'm so busy and I don’t have much of a social life at the moment. I want to expand our range of dairy-free cakes for those who have an allergy (过敏反应) to food like me. I’ve put my heart and soul into my baking and getting where I am today. I know I'm still very young and I'm learning all the time. But I love what I'm doing and want to take every opportunity that comes to make my bakery a success.” 1．What did Daniel do on Sundays when he was at secondary school? A．He made cakes at schoo1. B．He sold food at the market. C．He helped his mum run the shop. D．He 1earnt to cook meals for his family. 2．What did Daniel’s teachers do about his business plan? A．They offered him a job. B．They raised money for his project. C．They encouraged him to study business. D．They advised him to participate in a contest. 3．Why did Daniel open a sandwich shop? A．To start his first business. B．To help the local community. C．To satisfy consumers’ needs. D．To learn a new cooking method. 4．What can we infer about Daniel from the last paragraph? A．He’ll research and develop special food. B．He’ll spare more time to make friends. C．He’ll enter for another competition. D．He’ll go to university. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第二十五中学·期末）A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom just outside of New York City, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. An instructor read out numbers — 74,470, 70,809, 98,402 — and Stevenson added them in her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly. The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus (算盘). Stevenson used a practice called “mental abacus”, imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work through the problems. From watching Stevenson, I knew that gaining skill at the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads, so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My typical solution was avoidance, and if I had to calculate something like a percentage change, I would go online. Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I didn’t become Euclid, the founder of geometry. But the practice brought my numerical fears down. This is a time-tested power of the abacus. Confidence grows easily in the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and outcomes appear to move in step. My kids gained much as well. My youngest daughter could work out those math problems that once baffled her, while my older child brought her abacus to school to show it to her classmates and teacher. These were just small successes for them, but that was how they finally developed confidence. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To prove the difficulty of math. B．To introduce the topic of the abacus. C．To show the high intelligence of Stevenson. D．To stress the importance of abacus learning. 2．What do we know about the author from paragraph 3? A．He was weak in math. B．He was good at computer. C．He regarded math as useful. D．He had a close relationship with kids. 3．What does the author realize from his learning experience? A．Knowledge starts with practice. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．Faith can move mountains. D．Practice makes perfect. 4．What does the underlined word “baffled” in the last paragraph mean? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Defeated. D．Interested. 主题01 人与社会——群体互动 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末）If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 1．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 2．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 3．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末）It was a cold Saturday night in February. Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl, who had touched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years. Except for a few excited screams from children, people were quiet — patiently awaiting the owl’s arrival at the reservoir’s north gatehouse. The snowy owl did not disappoint. She flew down from the darkness and surveyed the water and the people holding phones and cameras before taking off into the night to the applause of her many fans. They simply wanted to see this lovely creature whose improbable appearance seemed to signify hope after the lockdown — or at least an excuse to leave their apartments and take part, however briefly, in one of those precious shared moments. New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rectangle of green in the heart of the big city and, of course, its amazing wildlife. That the park is a beautiful and essential place for peace and joy is something that humans have only come to fully appreciate during these recent times of uncertainty. Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation’s history — in the years before and during the American Civil War. Unlike many European parks that had originally been built for the aristocracy (贵族), Central Park was designed as a public space. In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted’s words, the poor and rich alike could “easily go there after their day’s work is done” and “stroll for an hour, seeing, hearing, and feeling nothing of the noise of the streets.” As spring turns into summer, we see people sitting on the grass or benches — catching some sun, having family picnics, or tapping away on their laptops and iPads. Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community — the sense that we would somehow persevere. 1．What did people do in Central Park on that Saturday night? A．They cheered for each other. B．They paid their first visit. C．They came for a rare sight. D．They appreciated a water event. 2．Why did New Yorkers find a renewed love for Central Park? A．Because it offers much-needed shelter. B．Because it is conveniently located. C．Because people like its wildlife. D．Because people are long used to it. 3．What does the author mainly intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Introduce a new opinion. B．Add background information. C．Give some examples. D．Make a comparison. 4．What do the underlined words “in proximity to” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Close to B．In comparison with C．At a distance from D．Free from Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省漳州市·期末）Lyudmil a Trut, the pioneering geneticist who led the groundbreaking experiment in domestication (驯化) using foxes, passed away on October 9, just shy of her 91st birthday. Over her 66-year career, she and her colleagues transformed a population of silver foxes on a farm in Novosibirsk, Russia, into a remarkable group of domesticated, lovely animals. This work, which began in 1958 under the guidance of geneticist Dmitri Belyaev, is now considered a landmark in understanding domestication. Trut and Belyaev proposed that domestication syndrome (综合征) — a set of characteristics seen in domesticated animals, such as soft ears, curly tails, and friendly behavior — was linked to genes promoting calmness and friendliness toward humans. Through decades of careful selection, they demonstrated that by consistently choosing the calmest foxes to raise, these characteristics could be reproduced. This completely changed the understanding of how domestication may have occurred in dogs and other species. Despite the political risks of conducting genetic research during the special period in the Soviet Union, Trut pressed forward. She spent decades selecting and keeping foxes that were peaceful and friendly, transforming a population of wild animals into affectionate (有感情的) companions. One special fox, Pushinka, even lived with Trut in the early 1970s, forminga deep bond that reflected the success of the experiment. Even in difficult times, such as during the economic crisis following the fall of the Soviet Union, Trut worked tirelessly to keep the experiment alive. She sought donations by writing articles and persorrally asking for support to ensure the foxes were cared for and the research could continue. Though Trut often credited her tutor Belyaev, she was the driving force behind the specific breeding procedures and daily management of the experiment, devoting more than 23,000 days to her work. Her heritage, and the heritage of the foxes she devoted her life to, lives on, as she hoped the foxes would continue to grow well after her passing. 1．What is the primary achievement of Lyudmila Trut? A．She discovered new fox species. B．She pioneered a genetic research method. C．She domesticated a group of foxes successfully. D．She promoted the techniques in animal breeding. 2．How did Trut continue her research during tough times? A．By cooperating with global researchers. B．By seeking donations and support. C．By shifting focus to other animals. D．By turning to her tutor Belyaev. 3．What best describes Lyudmila Trut? A．Calm and curious. B．Modest and cooperative. C．Passionate and peaceful. D．Observant and persistent. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．An Example for All Women B．A Pioneer in Human-Animal Relationship C．Lyudmila Trut: Turning Wild Foxes into Man’s Best Friend D．Lyudmil a Trut: Achieving a Breakthrough in Genetic Research 主题02 人与自然——人文传承 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末）Even when enjoying nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond. Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, immersing myself in nature. I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens (激进式镜片) eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue (独白) with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue. But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg. What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal: Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds …I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle. Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed”. Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself. Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us. 1．What aspect of the writer’s nature walk is emphasized in Paragraph 2? A．Inner feelings. B．Use of technology. C．Beautiful scenery. D．Sense of direction. 2．Which picture best illustrates a cyborg according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Why does the writer mention Thoreau’s journal? A．To provide background information. B．To show a natural way of enjoying nature. C．To support their argument. D．To explain a common rule. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why people are technology-independent. B．The relationship between humans and nature. C．How we can find inspiration from Thoreau. D．The fact of humans becoming cyborgs. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省厦门大学附属科技中学·期末）Travel photographer Peter Yan left behind a successful career at Apple to pursue his work as a visual storyteller. In a few years, the Chinese-born Australian photographer has built an impressive following on social media, where over 150,000 people follow his inspiring imagery. One particular photo, taken on a trip to Yangshuo, China, has caused the Internet to sit up and take notice. In the photograph, a cormorant (鸬鹚) fisherman stands on his simple wooden raft (筏), ready to work with his two birds next to him. When Peter arrived at Yangshuo, he was immediately entranced by the practice of cormorant fishing. This technique is typically practiced in rivers, with fishermen training their birds to catch fish in their throat and bring them back to the boat. The method was first described in a 636 CE text about the history of the Sui Dynasty and was a prosperous (繁荣的) industry. Now, cormorant fishing is typically practiced for tourism purposes, which makes Yan’s photograph all the more special. Through this viral photograph, he’s been able to bring awareness back to a tradition that is fading. At the same time, given Yangshuo’s incredible landscape, he’s exposed his followers to a new side of China that they may not otherwise have discovered. Three years ago, photography was just a hobby for Yan. Since he went on overseas vacations, he started to post on social media regularly. After a year, his account took off and gained lots of followers. He loved his full-time job, but as his photography “work” became more serious, he had to make a tough decision. In the end, he chose travel photography full-time, for fear of future regret if he didn’t try it sooner. Yan looks forward to the countless adventures that lie ahead, knowing there are still many hidden treasures waiting to be discovered. 1．What can be learned about cormorant fishing? A．It’s a major industry. B．It’s an ordinary skill. C．It’s an age-old practice. D．It’s a high-return business. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Yan’s hobby of sending online posts. B．Yan’s experience of travelling overseas. C．Yan’s commitment to drawing followers. D．Yan’s journey to becoming a photographer. 3．Which best describes Peter Yan? A．Sensitive and caring. B．Adventurous and influential. C．Generous and ambitious. D．Humorous and fashionable. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a job. B．To promote a county. C．To introduce a person. D．To preserve a tradition. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田锦江中学·期末）Thomas Dambo, an environmental artist in Denmark, thinks big. In 2010, he started his first large-scale project: building birdhouses. He and his crew ended up creating 4,000 of them. Now he makes giant trolls (巨怪). So far, 59 trolls can be found at locations all around the world. His creations are made entirely from items people have thrown away, such as discarded wooden pallets, old fencing, and broken sheds. It’s important to him that he doesn’t add to the growing landfills (垃圾填埋场) on our planet. He thinks of discarded items as art supplies and a source of inspiration. As a kid, Thomas wanted to build all sorts of things, from a skateboard ramp (坡道) to a tree house in his backyard. He had lots of energy and creativity. The problem was that a kid doesn’t have the money to purchase supplies. He started to bike around the neighborhood looking for discarded wood, rope, and other items to create things. In 7th grade, a girl in his class gave him a good piece of advice. She told him that he should take a different route each day to experience something new. Thomas took her idea and learned all about his city of Copenhagen, Denmark. Today, Thomas still uses this idea of taking different routes as he searches for trash left out on curbs. Items such as wire, ropes, wooden pallets, metal, old chair rollers, and plastic containers are just waiting for him to think of a way to use them. If the items are small, he uses “Tingfinder,” his bicycle with a cart attached, to take home his “treasures”. He uses a truck for the larger items. “My advice is to think about what you really love to do and let that guide you. Keep moving in the direction you’d like to go.” said Thomas. 1．Why does Thomas prefer to use discarded items for his art? A．They are cheaper than new materials. B．They are more useful and attractive. C．He wants to reduce waste. D．He can find them more easily. 2．What advice did a girl in Thomas’s class give? A．Save money by using second-hand supplies. B．Explore new paths to discover something fresh. C．Focus on different ways to create things. D．Learn about his city before starting any project. 3．Which words can best describe Thomas? A．Adventurous and curious. B．Childish but imaginative. C．Changeable but hard-working. D．Responsible and creative. 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Sculpture: a unique hobby B．Trolls: a childhood dream C．Recycling: a creative journey D．Bicycling: an inspiring sport 主题03 人与自我——兴趣与传承 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田华侨中学·期末）Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth, through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation (认同) will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imaging how much time we lose every time we restrict our true selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliche (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through others’ attempt to make a prisoner of us B．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. C．We can never really please others even if we try as hard as we can. D．We should care about others’ view as much as they care about our own. 2．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 3．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．Base our worth on others’ opinions. C．See our experiences as resources. D．Love ourselves as we are. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建师范大学附属中学·期末）Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 1．Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A．To become literature professors. B．To prepare for the coming exams. C．To compose more original poems. D．To relieve their future loneliness. 2．Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A．It’s out of date to recite poems. B．Repetition wastes a lot of time. C．Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D．It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 3．How does understanding poetry influence us? A．By broadening self-understanding. B．By refreshing our good memories. C．By helping us survive the hard life. D．By reminding us to forget the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A．Doubtful. B．Reserved. C．Appreciative. D．Critical. 33 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——生活与公益 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省泉州市·期末）One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. Barman’s love of animals started at age five while she lived with her grandparents by the Brahmaputra River, where she often encountered all sorts of birds coming to the fields and wetlands. Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. But with her tireless effort, she managed to change his views and the villager joined her in protecting the birds. “After that, I experienced the power of the community and decided-to make use of it for stork conservation,” Barman added. She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. “Initially women hesitated to come out and volunteer. But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. Slowly and gradually, we increased the network, and now we are saving many other endangered species,” Barman said. 1．What has led to the decrease of the storks in Assam? A．The attack of diseases. B．High demand for wood. C．Villagers’ negative attitude. D．Ignorance of their situation: 2．What drove Barman to found “the Hargila Army of villagers”? A．Her bird-watching experience. B．Her PhD study on the bird. C．Her effort to prevent tree cutting. D．Her communication with a villager. 3．How did Barman involve women at first? A．By visiting them door to door. B．By organising a cooking contest: C．By giving away food to them. D．By hosting voluntary activities. 4．What can we learn about Barman from her deeds? A．She strives to preserve wildlife. B．She values diverse views. C．She prioritises academic education. D．She cares about villagers’ welfare. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士对于大秃鹳的保护工作。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. (世界上最稀有的鸟类之一，大秃鹳，在当地被称为哈吉拉，曾经被阿萨姆邦的村民认为是“疾病携带者”和“丑陋的”，他们会摧毁它们的巢穴。)”可知，村民的消极态度导致了大秃鹳的减少。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. (回忆起改变她一生的一个时刻，巴曼说，当她正在写关于大秃鹳的博士论文时，她接到一个电话，告诉她一个村民砍倒了大秃鹳的巢树，九只小鸡掉了下来。当她与村民和他的邻居交流时，她被大声呵斥和嘲笑。“村民对我救了这些鸟很生气。他的一个邻居说：‘我们不能把它养在后院。它使我们的区域非常肮脏和难闻’，”巴曼回忆道。)”可知，和一个村民的交流驱使巴曼成立了“哈吉拉村民军”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. (但是有一天，我组织了一场烹饪比赛，很多人参加了比赛，我们所有的聚会都围绕着保护鹳和恢复它们的生态系统展开。)”可知，巴曼一开始通过组织烹饪比赛让女人参与进来。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. (印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士一直致力于保护濒危鸟类，并改变村民的看法。)”以及倒数第二段“She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. (然后，她成立了“哈吉拉村民军”，特别是由数千个家庭组成的网络，他们和她一起挨家挨户地传播鹳的保护意识，教育人们。)”可知，巴曼努力保护野生动物。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省宁德市·期末）The “Father of the National Park System,” John Muir was an influential writer, naturalist, and environmentalist during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland, he moved to the United States with his family and was attracted by the land. He was a prize-winning inventor, but it’s his love for wild places and absolute devotion to protecting them that we remember him for. As a young man, he explored the North American continent by foot, walking thousands of miles until he eventually settled in California. There, he fell in love with Yosemite Valley and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. His article series, “Studies in the Sierra,” put his name on the map and launched a prolific writing career, with over 300 articles and 10 books published. A true mountain man, he encouraged everyone to “climb the mountains and get their good tidings”. His writings inspired presidents, congressmen, and average citizens to care about nature. In 1890, due in large part to a series of articles he published in Century magazine, U.S. Congress created Yosemite National Park. Muir was also involved in the creation of the Sequoia, Mount Rainier, Petrified Forest, and Grand Canyon National Parks, thus earning his title. But his work didn’t stop there: in 1892, Muir and his supporters founded the Sierra Club to “do something for wildness and make the mountains glad.” In 1901, he published the book “Our National Parks” and caught the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt, who visited him at Yosemite. During that visit, they laid the foundation of Roosevelt’s groundbreaking protection programs. Muir died in 1914, but his memory lives on, continuing to inspire new generations of environmentalist everywhere. 1．Which can best explain the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2? A．High-paying. B．Normal. C．Full-time. D．Productive. 2．What contributed to Muir’s writing career? A．His love for wild places. B．His work as an environmentalist. C．His devotion to national parks. D．His exploration of American continents. 3．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Muir’s articles earned him his title. B．Muir appealed for the protection of national parks. C．Muir inspired people to visit national parks. D．Muir’s articles had an influence on official decision. 4．Which words can best describe Muir? A．Adventurous and committed. B．Determined and humorous. C．Honest and courageous. D．Generous and inspirational. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“国家公园系统之父”——约翰·缪尔是19世纪末和20世纪初一位有影响力的作家、自然学家和主义者。他对荒野的热爱促成了他的写作生涯，同时他通过写作来号召人们保护荒野。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“with over 300 articles and 10 books published(发布了300多篇文章和10本书)”可知，John Muir是个多产的作家，由此可推知，划线单词意为“多产的”，与D项“Productive.(多产的)”意思一样，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a young man, he explored the North American continent by foot, walking thousands of miles until he eventually settled in California. There, he fell in love with Yosemite Valley and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. His article series, “Studies in the Sierra,” put his name on the map and launched a prolific writing career, with over 300 articles and 10 books published.(作为一个年轻人，他徒步探索了北美大陆，走了数千英里，最终定居在加利福尼亚。在那里，他爱上了约米蒂山谷和内华达山脉。他的文章系列《内华达山脉研究》使他声名鹊起，开启了一段多产的写作，出版了300多篇文章和10本书。)”可知，Muir对荒野的热爱促成了他的写作生涯，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“His writings inspired presidents, congressmen, and average citizens to care about nature. In 1890, due in large part to a series of articles he published in Century magazine, U.S. Congress created Yosemite National Park. Muir was also involved in the creation of the Sequoia, Mount Rainier, Petrified Forest, and Grand Canyon National Parks, thus earning his title.(他的著作激励了总统、国会议员和普通公民关注自然。1890年，由于他在《世纪》杂志上发表系列文章，美国国会创建了约塞米蒂国家公园。穆尔还参与了红木、雷尼尔山、化石森林和大峡谷国家的创建，因此赢得了“国家公园之父”的称号。)”可知，缪尔（Muir）的文章对官方的决定有影响，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As a young man, he explored the North American continent by foot, walking thousands of miles until he eventually settled in California.(作为一个年轻人，他徒步探索了北美大陆，走了数千英里，最终定居在加利福尼亚。)”可知，Muir爱冒险；根据第三段中“His writings inspired presidents, congressmen, and average citizens to care about nature.(他的著作激励了总统、国会议员和普通公民关注自然。)”和第四段中“But his work didn’t stop there: in 1892, Muir and his supporters founded the Sierra Club to “do something for wildness and make the mountains glad.” In 1901, he published the book “Our National Parks” and caught the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt, who visited him at Yosemite. During that visit, they laid the foundation of Roosevelt’s groundbreaking protection programs.(但他的工作并未止步于此：1892年，缪尔和他的支持者们创立了塞拉俱乐部，旨在“为野地做点什么，让群山欢欣鼓舞”。1901年，他出版了《我们的国家公园》一书，引起了西奥多罗斯福总统的关注，罗斯福总统访问了他在优胜美地的居所。在那次访问期间，他们奠定了罗斯福开创性的保护计划的基础)”可知，他致力于保护荒野，写了很多作品，并一直坚持，所以说他很坚定，故选A。 主题02 人与自我——生活体验 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高上学期·福建省莆田第九中学·期末）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1．Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A．nervous system B．blood C．skin D．saliva 2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．It didn’t save the man’s life. B．The man was his second patient. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The treatment for rabies. B．The introduction to rabies vaccine. C．An analysis of the cause of rabies. D．Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了路易·巴斯德发明狂犬病疫苗的过程及其影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body.(经过对患病动物唾液的实验，巴斯德得出结论，这种疾病存在于身体的中枢神经系统中)”可知，狂犬病可能会破坏人的神经系统。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog.(他救了一位名叫约瑟夫·梅斯特的年轻人，这位年轻人被一只狂犬咬伤)”和“The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.(治疗持续了10天，最终他康复并且保持健康。自那以后，数千人的生命因此得以挽救)”可知，巴斯德的疫苗测试取得了巨大成功。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可推知，狂犬病疫苗已经有了很大的改进。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗).(他尤其以狂犬病疫苗的工作而闻名)”和文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可知，文章主要围绕路易·巴斯德为狂犬病疫苗所作出的奉献来展开。故选D。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末）Kate Winslet is, according to herself, an “open” book. Her honesty and down-to-earth nature have made her one of the world’s most beloved celebrities — and these are on display in an interview with Harpe’s Bazaar, where she shared very personal details about her life. Despite her fame and fortune, she was a battler who overcame many barriers to get to where she is today. “My father had dreams of becoming a great actor and always made the most of things.” Winslet warmly recalled. However, when Winslet was just 11, her father had an accident and lost his foot, significantly affecting the family’s future. “His foot was reattached through a wonderful operation, but that was extremely hard for him. And at that point, we were supported by the Children’s Trust, helping with school expenses. I am one of the most unlikely success stories,” she explained. Despite all the hardships, her family did everything in their power to help Winslet achieve her dream. She told Harpe’s, “I’ve always been so grateful to my parents that they attach great importance to my dream.” When she was 17, it was her father who took her to try out for the teenage movie Heavenly Creatures and encouraged her, “You’ll get the role.” And she just thought, “Yes, I’m going to get it.” It was a role she ultimately landed. “It was a quiet, humble (谦逊的) sort of confidence that I’ve always tried to hang on to,” she added. For Winslet, remembering her history and where she came from is essential to who she is today. “It’s very hard to stay grounded, but I did.” 1．What did Winslet do in the interview? A．She showed her love for nature. B．She shared reasons for her popularity. C．She revealed individual life experiences. D．She recommended a book about celebrities. 2．Why is Winslet’s childhood mentioned? A．To introduce a charity organization. B．To show her family harmony. C．To praise her father’s tough character. D．To stress her suffering in growth. 3．What is the main reason why Winslet thanked her parents? A．They took her dream seriously. B．They won a role for her. C．They offered her financial support. D．They taught her acting skills. 4．Which of the following best describes Winslet? A．Generous. B．Reliable. C．Determined. D．Creative. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是凯特·温斯莱特在采访中分享的个人成长经历、家庭对她演艺梦想的支持以及她克服重重困难实现梦想的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her honesty and down-to-earth nature have made her one of the world’s most beloved celebrities — and these are on display in an interview with Harpe’s Bazaar, where she shared very personal details about her life.(她的诚实和脚踏实地的天性使她成为世界上最受喜爱的名人之一——在《时尚芭莎》的采访中，这些特质展露无遗，她在采访中分享了非常私人的生活细节。)”可知，她在采访中分享了非常私人的生活细节。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite her fame and fortune, she was a battler who overcame many barriers to get to where she is today. (尽管她享有名声和财富，但她是一个克服了许多障碍才取得今天成就的奋斗者。)”以及下文讲述的温斯莱特童年时的经历可知，温斯莱特童年时期家庭遭遇的重大变故及其对家庭的影响，由此可知，提到她童年的经历是强调她在成长过程中所经历的苦难。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She told Harpe’s, “I’ve always been so grateful to my parents that they attach great importance to my dream.” When she was 17, it was her father who took her to try out for the teenage movie Heavenly Creatures and encouraged her, “You’ll get the role.”(她告诉《时尚芭莎》，“我一直都非常感激我的父母，因为他们非常重视我的梦想。”在她17岁的时候，是她的父亲带她去试镜青少年电影《天堂造物》，并鼓励她说：“你会得到这个角色的。”)”可知，温斯莱特感激父母的原因是因为他们认真对待和支持她的梦想。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““It was a quiet, humble (谦逊的) sort of confidence that I’ve always tried to hang on to,” she added. For Winslet, remembering her history and where she came from is essential to who she is today. “It’s very hard to stay grounded, but I did.”(“我一直努力保持一种安静、谦逊的自信，”她补充道。对于温斯莱特来说，记住自己的历史和出身对她今天的身份至关重要。“保持脚踏实地非常困难，但我做到了。”)”以及全文中描述她如何克服重重困难追求自己的梦想可知，温斯莱特是一个有决心的人。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田第一中学·期末）As my kids and I walked around a community garden the other week, I asked them what veggies they could identify. We were in Alberta, where many plants were still in their early stages of growth — I wasn’t optimistic about what the kids would be able to name by leaves alone. However, they called out, “Tomatoes! Potatoes! Carrots!” Their answers made me even prouder than if they’d just explained some knowledge of physics. All the time we’ve spent in our home garden is actually sinking in. Although I’ve been gardening for years, this year feels different. Spending time in the garden has helped me with my own well-being at a trying time, and it has given me a new way to connect with my kids when I’m running out of steam. My garden is wild, full of life, and a bit messy. Honestly, the same goes for my kids — and I don’t expect perfection from them either. Unless you’re relying on your yield for money or food, it’s a good idea to have your expectations for gardening as low as possible. My kids say they “love the garden” but “don’t like gardening” — I think they mean they don’t like the chores. If I have some weeding or potting to do, I’ll also have some entertainment for them, which can be as simple as “find these 10 rocks” or “wet this plot with your water gun”. Involving the kids in every stage of the process can be powerful and fun, even if what you have are just a few containers on a balcony. “Gardening allows us to spend free, unscheduled outdoor time with our kids,” writes journalist and author Shannon Brescher Shea in her book Growing Sustainable Together. “Let your kids lead the way. Invite them to participate in every step, from planting to harvesting, but don’t force it.” One of the best things about gardens is the food, but frankly, my kids are not going to be pushing greens into their mouths any time soon. Finding uses for garden goods that go beyond food production can spark interest and supply you with some unexpectedly good results. 1．What can the author infer from her kids’ answers? A．It’s worthwhile to spend time in her garden. B．It’s great to witness her kids’ academic progress. C．It’s necessary for kids to know common sense. D．It’s difficult for kids to learn plants in early stages. 2．What do we know about the author’s garden? A．It is in a complete mess. B．It has a rise in output. C．It has been abandoned for long. D．It goes as nature takes its course. 3．How does the author attract the kids’ interest in gardening? A．By giving rewards afterwards. B．By giving more encouragement. C．By adding recreational activities. D．By asking them to have short breaks. 4．What is Shannon’s suggestion on parents’ involving kids in gardening? A．Teaching kids the power and fun of harvesting. B．Encouraging kids’ active participation. C．Allowing kids to observe every step carefully. D．Setting an example for kids in doing gardening. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与孩子们在社区花园中的经历，作者通过自己的亲身经历，表达了园艺活动对个人心理健康和与孩子们建立亲密关系的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their answers made me even prouder than if they’d just explained some knowledge of physics. All the time we’ve spent in our home garden is actually sinking in.(他们的回答比他们只是解释一些物理知识更让我自豪。实际上，我们花在自家花园里的时间所产生的影响正在渐渐显现)”可知，孩子们的答案让作者感到自豪，认为这是花在自家花园里的时间带来的影响。由此推知，作者会从孩子们的答案中得出“花园里消磨时间是值得的”的推论。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“My garden is wild, full of life, and a bit messy.(我的花园自然生长，充满生机，但有点凌乱)”可知，作者的花园是自然生长，顺其自然。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If I have some weeding or potting to do, I’ll also have some entertainment for them, which can be as simple as “find these 10 rocks” or “wet this plot with your water gun”.(如果我要做一些除草或盆栽工作，我也会为他们提供一些娱乐，这些娱乐可以像“找到这10块石头”或“用你的水枪打湿这块地”一样简单)”可知，作者会通过增加娱乐活动来引起孩子们对园艺的兴趣。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Shannon的话“Let your kids lead the way. Invite them to participate in every step, from planting to harvesting, but don’t force it.(让你的孩子起主导作用。邀请他们参与从种植到收获的每一步，但不要强迫他们)”可推知，Shannon认为要鼓励孩子们主动参与到园艺中来，不能强迫。故选B项。 主题03 人与自我——成长突破 Passage 1 （2024~2025学年高二上学期·福建仙游第一中学·期末）It was Ethan’s first camping trip, and every sound — the hoot of an owl, the rustle of squirrels — felt like a secret the woods was sharing. By dusk, they’d set up their tent, and Ethan proudly stacked firewood for their campfire, his dad teaching him to “keep it small, keep it safe.” Ethan woke to crackling. Not the soft pop of their fire, but a roar. Flames had caught the dry underbrush, climbing toward the trees. His dad was already yelling, grabbing their water jugs, but the fire spread faster than they could pour. “Stay back!” his dad shouted, racing to find help. Ethan froze, then remembered his science class: fire needs oxygen. He spotted their picnic blanket, thick and woolen. Without thinking, he grabbed it, soaked it in the nearby stream, and charged. The heat singed his cheeks as he threw the blanket over the smallest flames, smothering them. He repeated it, again and again, his arms burning, until only smoke curled from the blackened earth when his dad returned with rangers. “You saved this forest,” a ranger said, clapping his shoulder. But Ethan couldn’t stop thinking: What if I hadn’t had that blanket? Months later, his bedroom became a workshop. He studied forest fires online, learned they spread in unpredictable bursts, and brainstormed. Using a old backpack, a pressure valve from a bike pump, and a tank filled with fire-retardant foam, he built a prototype. It was light enough for a kid to carry, sprayed foam that clung to trees, and had a hose long enough to reach high branches.He called it the “Woodland Guardian.” At the school science fair, judges stared as he demonstrated. A forest ranger from that night even showed up, grinning. “This could change things,” she said. Ethan smiled, remembering the fire. Bravery, he realized, wasn’t just fighting flames — it was turning fear into something that protects. And sometimes, the smallest hands hold the biggest ideas. 1．What did Ethan’s dad teach him about campfire?​ A．To make it as big as possible.​ B．To let it burn all night. C．To keep it small and safe.​ D．To put it out immediately after use.​ 2．Why did Ethan use the picnic blanket to fight the fire?​ A．Because his dad told him to do so.​ B．Because he thought it could smother the fire by cutting off oxygen.​ C．Because there was no other equipment available.​ D．Because the blanket was fire-resistant.​ 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word in the text?​ A．restore​ B．sodden C．participate​ D．spray​ 4．What can we learn from Ethan’s story?​ A．Bravery is just about fighting against dangers directly.​ B．Small children can’t come up with great ideas.​ C．We should turn fear into something positive.​ D．Forest fires are easy to put out. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了伊桑第一次露营时遭遇森林火灾，他运用科学知识成功控制了火势，之后还发明了“森林守护者”原型机，体现了将恐惧转化为保护力量的勇气。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“By dusk, they’d set up their tent, and Ethan proudly stacked firewood for their campfire, his dad teaching him to “keep it small, keep it safe.” (黄昏时分，他们搭好了帐篷，伊桑自豪地把篝火用的木柴堆起来，他爸爸教他“火要小，要安全”。)”可知，伊桑的爸爸教他让篝火要保持小而安全。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ethan froze, then remembered his science class: fire needs oxygen. (伊桑愣住了，然后想起了他的科学课知识：火需要氧气。)”以及第三段中“The heat singed his cheeks as he threw the blanket over the smallest flames, smothering them. (当他把毯子扔到最小的火苗上时，热气烤得他脸颊生疼，火苗被扑灭了。)”可知，伊桑用野餐毯灭火是因为他想到了科学课上学的知识，认为毯子可以隔绝氧气来扑灭火焰。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“He spotted their picnic blanket, thick and woolen. Without thinking, he grabbed it, soaked it in the nearby stream, and charged. (他看到了他们厚厚的羊毛野餐毯。他不假思索地抓起毯子，在附近的小溪里soaked，然后冲了过去。)”可知，伊桑为了灭火，应是将野餐毯浸入附近的小溪中，因此soaked意为“浸湿”，与sodden意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bravery, he realized, wasn’t just fighting flames — it was turning fear into something that protects. (他意识到，勇敢不仅仅是与火焰搏斗，而是将恐惧转化为保护的力量。)”可知，伊桑的故事告诉我们应该将恐惧转化为积极的力量。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第十五中学·期末）Ever since he was nine years old, Daniel Arundel has been helping his mother Elizabeth in the kitchen. He learnt to bake cakes and savouries (咸味小吃) at home. On Saturdays, he helped fill the rolls at the sandwich shop his mum ran. Now Daniel, who is only 19, has turned his enjoyment of making food into a successful business. “I’ve always loved making things for people to eat and I realized I wasn’t too bad at it.” says Daniel, who started selling his cakes while at secondary schoo1. “For two years every Sunday, I would sell cakes I had baked at home with Mum on a market stand.” His plan to open a bakery in his hometown impressed his teachers and they encouraged him to submit his idea to a national competition for ambitious business people. Although he didn’t win, Daniel was awarded an award of €1,000 to help his project. Arundel Bakery opened on an industrial site in Oldham surrounded by offices full of staff looking for somewhere for their lunch. So he opened a sandwich shop at the front of the Bakery. He now employs three staff, including his mum, who make food for various customers. And they also help the community later by making fresh hot meals for the elderly. Last year Daniel was runner-up in another competition to recognize entrepreneurial (创业的) talent. The competition was organized by the Edge Foundation, an education charity, which encourages career routes to young people who can’t be admitted by a university. Daniel said, “I have been crazy in the past few years. I'm so busy and I don’t have much of a social life at the moment. I want to expand our range of dairy-free cakes for those who have an allergy (过敏反应) to food like me. I’ve put my heart and soul into my baking and getting where I am today. I know I'm still very young and I'm learning all the time. But I love what I'm doing and want to take every opportunity that comes to make my bakery a success.” 1．What did Daniel do on Sundays when he was at secondary school? A．He made cakes at schoo1. B．He sold food at the market. C．He helped his mum run the shop. D．He 1earnt to cook meals for his family. 2．What did Daniel’s teachers do about his business plan? A．They offered him a job. B．They raised money for his project. C．They encouraged him to study business. D．They advised him to participate in a contest. 3．Why did Daniel open a sandwich shop? A．To start his first business. B．To help the local community. C．To satisfy consumers’ needs. D．To learn a new cooking method. 4．What can we infer about Daniel from the last paragraph? A．He’ll research and develop special food. B．He’ll spare more time to make friends. C．He’ll enter for another competition. D．He’ll go to university. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Daniel从小就帮妈妈做蛋糕和小吃，现在19岁的他把自己对烘焙的喜爱变成了成功的事业。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For two years every Sunday, I would sell cakes I had baked at home with Mum on a market stand. (两年来，每个星期天，我都会在市场上卖我和妈妈在家烤的蛋糕。)”可知，Daniel星期天会在市场卖食品，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“His plan to open a bakery in his hometown impressed his teachers and they encouraged him to submit his idea to a national competition for ambitious business people. (他在家乡开面包店的计划让他的老师印象深刻，他们鼓励他将自己的想法提交给一个面向野心勃勃的商业人士的全国性竞赛。) ”可知，Daniel的老师建议他去参加一个比赛，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Arundel Bakery opened on an industrial site in Oldham surrounded by offices full of staff looking for somewhere for their lunch. So he opened a sandwich shop at the front of the Bakery. (Arundel面包店开在Oldham的一个工业区，周围都是办公室，满是寻找午餐的员工。所以他在面包店前面开了一家三明治店。) ”可知，Daniel开三明治店是为了让周围办公室的员工能吃到午餐，也就是为了满足消费者的需要，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I want to expand our range of dairy-free cakes for those who have an allergy (过敏反应) to food like me. (我想为像我这样对食物过敏的人拓展我们的无奶蛋糕的范围。)”可知，Daniel要拓展针对过敏的人的蛋糕的范围，将会研究和开发这样的蛋糕的新品种，也就是说他研究开发针对食物过敏的人的特殊的食物，故选A。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第二十五中学·期末）A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom just outside of New York City, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. An instructor read out numbers — 74,470, 70,809, 98,402 — and Stevenson added them in her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly. The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus (算盘). Stevenson used a practice called “mental abacus”, imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work through the problems. From watching Stevenson, I knew that gaining skill at the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads, so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My typical solution was avoidance, and if I had to calculate something like a percentage change, I would go online. Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I didn’t become Euclid, the founder of geometry. But the practice brought my numerical fears down. This is a time-tested power of the abacus. Confidence grows easily in the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and outcomes appear to move in step. My kids gained much as well. My youngest daughter could work out those math problems that once baffled her, while my older child brought her abacus to school to show it to her classmates and teacher. These were just small successes for them, but that was how they finally developed confidence. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To prove the difficulty of math. B．To introduce the topic of the abacus. C．To show the high intelligence of Stevenson. D．To stress the importance of abacus learning. 2．What do we know about the author from paragraph 3? A．He was weak in math. B．He was good at computer. C．He regarded math as useful. D．He had a close relationship with kids. 3．What does the author realize from his learning experience? A．Knowledge starts with practice. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．Faith can move mountains. D．Practice makes perfect. 4．What does the underlined word “baffled” in the last paragraph mean? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Defeated. D．Interested. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己和孩子学习珠算的故事，得出了“熟能生巧”的道理。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly.(对于每一个问题，她都闭上眼睛，然后她右手的手指开始移动。她正确地回答了大部分问题)”以及第二段“The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus (算盘).(她成功的关键是一种叫做算盘的古老技术)”可推知，第一段的主要目的是引出算盘这个主题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My typical solution was avoidance, and if I had to calculate something like a percentage change, I would go online.(我是许多对数学有疑问的人之一，我感到一丝恐惧。我的典型解决方案是回避，如果我必须计算诸如百分比变化之类的东西，我会上网)”可推知，作者对数学有疑惑，且对数学有一丝恐惧，故作者的数学不好。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I didn’t become Euclid, the founder of geometry. But the practice brought my numerical fears down. This is a time-tested power of the abacus.(经过几节算盘课和大量的练习，数学似乎没那么可怕了。我没有成为欧几里得，几何学的奠基人。但这种做法消除了我对数字的恐惧。这是一种久经考验的算盘的力量)”可推知，作者从他的学习经历中意识到熟能生巧。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“These were just small successes for them, but that was how they finally developed confidence. (对他们来说，这些只是小小的成功，但这就是她们最终建立自信的方式)”可知，孩子们学算盘学的不错，获得成功，说明最小的女儿也解开了曾经打败自己的数学题。故划线词与C项“Defeated(打败)”意思相近。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——群体互动 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末）If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. Research indicates the principles apply in workplaces, families and other group contexts as well. Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results - group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. In employment contexts, if staff have concerns about mistakes in the work they’re doing, they’ll tend to stay silent. In situations where people’s health and safety are at risk, disasters may occur. One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. Team members grow to trust one another; there’s a spirit of openness and people are comfortable asking for help when they need it. Research shows that this has benefits for people’s job satisfaction and commitment. Your ability to promote a psychologically safe culture will depend partly on your role in the group. If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. You could also invite others to share their past experiences in a similar way or bring this same approach to project reviews, asking what went well and what could have gone better. When it comes to addressing mistakes or shortcomings, don’t look to point fingers, but give constructive responding. 1．How may people behave in a blame culture? A．Rely on outside help. B．Worry about health issues. C．Fear taking responsibility. D．Apply the principles in families. 2．What is a feature of a psychologically safe environment? A．People learn from mistakes. B．Psychologists offer help. C．Safety concerns are common. D．Satisfying jobs are promised. 3．Which helps leaders create a great environment? A．Lectures on leadership. B．Sincere communications with others. C．Meetings about teamwork. D．Trainings on constructive responding. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Research on a better culture. B．Promoting personal growth. C．Benefits of psychological safety. D．Breaking out of blame culture. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在责备文化中的负面影响以及如何通过心理安全感来改善工作环境和团队合作。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. They know those in charge will be looking for people to use as goats to punish and shame. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到，当事情出错时，人们是多么害怕发声。他们知道那些负责的人会找人当作替罪羊来惩罚和羞辱。)”可知，在指责文化中，人们害怕犯错后被当作替罪羊惩罚和羞辱，由此可知，在指责文化中人们害怕承担责任。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a psychologically safe environment, there’s a sense of shared responsibility when things go wrong and mistakes are generally seen as a learning opportunity. (在心理安全的环境中，当事情出错时，人们有一种共同承担责任的感觉，错误通常被视为学习的机会。)”可知，在心理安全的环境中，错误被视为学习的机会。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“If you’re in a leadership position, then you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the kind of behaviours and attitudes that create a trusting and open environment. You could start by being open with others about any mistakes you’ve made in the past and how you’ve responded in a constructive way to them. (如果你处于领导职位，那么你有一个绝佳的机会来展示能够创造信任和开放环境的行为与态度。你可以从向他人公开自己过去的错误以及你是如何以建设性的方式应对这些错误开始。)”可知，领导者分享自己的错误和如何建设性地应对这些错误，这强调了真诚沟通的重要性，由此可知，真诚的沟通有助于领导者创造良好环境。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“If you’re living and working in a blame culture, you might have noticed how people are afraid to speak up when things go wrong. (如果你生活和工作在一个指责文化中，你可能已经注意到当事情出错时人们是多么害怕发声。)”以及第二段中的“Living and working in this kind of culture leads to harmful results — group members fear being blamed, making them understandably secretive, distrusting and afraid to ask for help. (在这种文化中生活和工作导致了有害的结果——团队成员害怕被指责，使他们变得遮遮掩蔽，不信任他人，害怕寻求帮助。)”可知，第一二段讨论了指责文化的负面影响，结合第三段中的“One solution is to create what psychologists (心理学家) call psychological safety. (一个解决方案是创建心理学家所说的心理安全。)”以及下文介绍的通过创建心理安全环境来克服这些问题的方法可知，本文主要介绍的是通过建立心理安全感来摆脱指责文化。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末）It was a cold Saturday night in February. Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl, who had touched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years. Except for a few excited screams from children, people were quiet — patiently awaiting the owl’s arrival at the reservoir’s north gatehouse. The snowy owl did not disappoint. She flew down from the darkness and surveyed the water and the people holding phones and cameras before taking off into the night to the applause of her many fans. They simply wanted to see this lovely creature whose improbable appearance seemed to signify hope after the lockdown — or at least an excuse to leave their apartments and take part, however briefly, in one of those precious shared moments. New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rectangle of green in the heart of the big city and, of course, its amazing wildlife. That the park is a beautiful and essential place for peace and joy is something that humans have only come to fully appreciate during these recent times of uncertainty. Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation’s history — in the years before and during the American Civil War. Unlike many European parks that had originally been built for the aristocracy (贵族), Central Park was designed as a public space. In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted’s words, the poor and rich alike could “easily go there after their day’s work is done” and “stroll for an hour, seeing, hearing, and feeling nothing of the noise of the streets.” As spring turns into summer, we see people sitting on the grass or benches — catching some sun, having family picnics, or tapping away on their laptops and iPads. Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community — the sense that we would somehow persevere. 1．What did people do in Central Park on that Saturday night? A．They cheered for each other. B．They paid their first visit. C．They came for a rare sight. D．They appreciated a water event. 2．Why did New Yorkers find a renewed love for Central Park? A．Because it offers much-needed shelter. B．Because it is conveniently located. C．Because people like its wildlife. D．Because people are long used to it. 3．What does the author mainly intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Introduce a new opinion. B．Add background information. C．Give some examples. D．Make a comparison. 4．What do the underlined words “in proximity to” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Close to B．In comparison with C．At a distance from D．Free from 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了纽约市民为观赏雪鸮而聚集中央公园的事件。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl, who had touched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years. (大约200名纽约市民小心翼翼地前往水库，希望能一睹这只神奇的雪鸮的风采。据报道，这是该物种130多年来首次造访该公园)”可知，人们在周六的晚上来到中心公园主要了是观看一只130多年来首次来到这里的雪鸮，即他们来这里是为了一个罕见的景象。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rectangle of green in the heart of the big city and, of course, its amazing wildlife. (纽约市民长期以来早已习惯了这座位于大城市中心的长方形绿地公园，现在对它又重新产生了热爱，当然是因为这只令人惊叹的野生动物。)”可知，纽约市民重新爱上了中央公园是因为他们喜欢这里的野生动物。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation’s history — in the years before and during the American Civil War. (中央公园最初是在美国历史上的另一个困难时期——美国内战之前和期间——规划和建造的。)”可知，第四段交代了中央公园建设的特殊历史时期，为文章介绍中央公园提供了历史背景。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“in Central Park gave us a sense of community — the sense that we would somehow persevere. (仅仅是身处中央公园，就给了我们一种社群归属感，一种让我们觉得无论如何都能坚持下去的感觉。)”可知，身处中央公园，与他人靠近，就给了我们一种社群归属感。只有人们之间近距离接触的时候才会有归属感，in proximity to的意思是“接近”。Close to“接近”，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省漳州市·期末）Lyudmil a Trut, the pioneering geneticist who led the groundbreaking experiment in domestication (驯化) using foxes, passed away on October 9, just shy of her 91st birthday. Over her 66-year career, she and her colleagues transformed a population of silver foxes on a farm in Novosibirsk, Russia, into a remarkable group of domesticated, lovely animals. This work, which began in 1958 under the guidance of geneticist Dmitri Belyaev, is now considered a landmark in understanding domestication. Trut and Belyaev proposed that domestication syndrome (综合征) — a set of characteristics seen in domesticated animals, such as soft ears, curly tails, and friendly behavior — was linked to genes promoting calmness and friendliness toward humans. Through decades of careful selection, they demonstrated that by consistently choosing the calmest foxes to raise, these characteristics could be reproduced. This completely changed the understanding of how domestication may have occurred in dogs and other species. Despite the political risks of conducting genetic research during the special period in the Soviet Union, Trut pressed forward. She spent decades selecting and keeping foxes that were peaceful and friendly, transforming a population of wild animals into affectionate (有感情的) companions. One special fox, Pushinka, even lived with Trut in the early 1970s, forminga deep bond that reflected the success of the experiment. Even in difficult times, such as during the economic crisis following the fall of the Soviet Union, Trut worked tirelessly to keep the experiment alive. She sought donations by writing articles and persorrally asking for support to ensure the foxes were cared for and the research could continue. Though Trut often credited her tutor Belyaev, she was the driving force behind the specific breeding procedures and daily management of the experiment, devoting more than 23,000 days to her work. Her heritage, and the heritage of the foxes she devoted her life to, lives on, as she hoped the foxes would continue to grow well after her passing. 1．What is the primary achievement of Lyudmila Trut? A．She discovered new fox species. B．She pioneered a genetic research method. C．She domesticated a group of foxes successfully. D．She promoted the techniques in animal breeding. 2．How did Trut continue her research during tough times? A．By cooperating with global researchers. B．By seeking donations and support. C．By shifting focus to other animals. D．By turning to her tutor Belyaev. 3．What best describes Lyudmila Trut? A．Calm and curious. B．Modest and cooperative. C．Passionate and peaceful. D．Observant and persistent. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．An Example for All Women B．A Pioneer in Human-Animal Relationship C．Lyudmila Trut: Turning Wild Foxes into Man’s Best Friend D．Lyudmil a Trut: Achieving a Breakthrough in Genetic Research 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lyudmila Trut将野生狐狸驯化变成可爱的家养动物的事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Lyudmil a Trut, the pioneering geneticist who led the groundbreaking experiment in domestication (驯化) using foxes, passed away on October 9, just shy of her 91st birthday. Over her 66-year career, she and her colleagues transformed a population of silver foxes on a farm in Novosibirsk, Russia, into a remarkable group of domesticated, lovely animals.(卢德米拉·特鲁特（Lyudmil a Trut）是一位开创性的遗传学家，她领导了利用狐狸进行驯化实验的开创性工作。特鲁特女士于 10 月 9 日去世，享年 90 岁零 11 个月。在她66年的职业生涯中，她和她的同事们把俄罗斯新西伯利亚一个农场的一群银狐变成了一群出色的家养可爱的动物)”可知，Lyudmila Trut主要的成就是成功地驯服了一群狐狸。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Even in difficult times, such as during the economic crisis following the fall of the Soviet Union, Trut worked tirelessly to keep the experiment alive. She sought donations by writing articles and persorrally asking for support to ensure the foxes were cared for and the research could continue.(即使在困难时期，比如苏联解体后的经济危机期间，特鲁特也不知疲倦地工作，以使这项实验得以继续下去。她通过写文章和亲自请求支持来寻求捐款，以确保狐狸得到照顾，研究可以继续进行)”可知，在困难的时期，Trut通过寻求捐赠和支持继续她的研究。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Trut and Belyaev proposed that domestication syndrome (综合征) — a set of characteristics seen in domesticated animals, such as soft ears, curly tails, and friendly behavior — was linked to genes promoting calmness and friendliness toward humans.(Trut和Belyaev提出，驯化综合征（家养动物的一组特征，如柔软的耳朵、卷曲的尾巴和友好的行为）与促进对人类冷静和友好的基因有关)”及第三段“Despite the political risks of conducting genetic research during the special period in the Soviet Union, Trut pressed forward.(尽管在苏联特殊时期进行基因研究存在政治风险，但特鲁特还是坚持了下来)”可知，卢德米拉·特鲁特（Lyudmil a Trut）提出了驯化综合征，说明是善于观察的；且遇到困难，她还是继续坚持，说明她持之以恒。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Lyudmil a Trut, the pioneering geneticist who led the groundbreaking experiment in domestication (驯化) using foxes, passed away on October 9, just shy of her 91st birthday. Over her 66-year career, she and her colleagues transformed a population of silver foxes on a farm in Novosibirsk, Russia, into a remarkable group of domesticated, lovely animals.(卢德米拉·特鲁特（Lyudmil a Trut）是一位开创性的遗传学家，她领导了利用狐狸进行驯化实验的开创性工作。特鲁特女士于 10 月 9 日去世，享年 90 岁零 11 个月。在她66年的职业生涯中，她和她的同事们把俄罗斯新西伯利亚一个农场的一群银狐变成了一群出色的家养可爱的动物)”可知，本文介绍了Lyudmila Trut将野生狐狸驯化变成可爱的家养动物的事迹，C选项“卢德米拉·特鲁特：把野生狐狸变成人类最好的朋友”符合本文主旨。故选C。 主题02 人与自然——人文传承 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末）Even when enjoying nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau at Walden Pond. Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, immersing myself in nature. I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens (激进式镜片) eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue (独白) with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue. But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg. What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal: Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds …I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle. Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed”. Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself. Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us. 1．What aspect of the writer’s nature walk is emphasized in Paragraph 2? A．Inner feelings. B．Use of technology. C．Beautiful scenery. D．Sense of direction. 2．Which picture best illustrates a cyborg according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Why does the writer mention Thoreau’s journal? A．To provide background information. B．To show a natural way of enjoying nature. C．To support their argument. D．To explain a common rule. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why people are technology-independent. B．The relationship between humans and nature. C．How we can find inspiration from Thoreau. D．The fact of humans becoming cyborgs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历讲述人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例告诉我们人类已进化成半机械人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, immersing myself in nature. I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens (激进式镜片) eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue (独白) with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.(昨天走在同一片树林里，我让自己随意漫步，沉浸在大自然中。多亏了我的渐进式镜片眼镜，我看到了远近的美景。偶尔我会拿出智能手机，拍下任何有趣的东西。我录制了一段内心独白，背景是森林里所有的声音。有时，我会查看我的智能手表，看看我的心跳、里程和卡路里消耗情况。最后我意识到我完全迷路了。当然不是问题。在线地图帮了我的忙)”可知，第二段详细描述了作者在自然漫步过程中使用各种科技产品的情况，强调了作者在自然漫步中对科技的使用。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.(我一直是一个人机组合：一个半机械人)”可知，作者眼中的半机械人是人机结合的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal(但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗很享受他的望远镜所发现的一切，比如他日记中的这只鹰……)”可知，作者提到梭罗的日记是为了支持他们的论点——即使是自然学家也会使用科技。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.(经过更深入的思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们依靠生活必需品和大自然的礼物。半机械人就是我们)”以及作者通过自己的经历讲述人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例告诉我们人类已进化成半机械人可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人类成为半机械人的事实。故选D。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省厦门大学附属科技中学·期末）Travel photographer Peter Yan left behind a successful career at Apple to pursue his work as a visual storyteller. In a few years, the Chinese-born Australian photographer has built an impressive following on social media, where over 150,000 people follow his inspiring imagery. One particular photo, taken on a trip to Yangshuo, China, has caused the Internet to sit up and take notice. In the photograph, a cormorant (鸬鹚) fisherman stands on his simple wooden raft (筏), ready to work with his two birds next to him. When Peter arrived at Yangshuo, he was immediately entranced by the practice of cormorant fishing. This technique is typically practiced in rivers, with fishermen training their birds to catch fish in their throat and bring them back to the boat. The method was first described in a 636 CE text about the history of the Sui Dynasty and was a prosperous (繁荣的) industry. Now, cormorant fishing is typically practiced for tourism purposes, which makes Yan’s photograph all the more special. Through this viral photograph, he’s been able to bring awareness back to a tradition that is fading. At the same time, given Yangshuo’s incredible landscape, he’s exposed his followers to a new side of China that they may not otherwise have discovered. Three years ago, photography was just a hobby for Yan. Since he went on overseas vacations, he started to post on social media regularly. After a year, his account took off and gained lots of followers. He loved his full-time job, but as his photography “work” became more serious, he had to make a tough decision. In the end, he chose travel photography full-time, for fear of future regret if he didn’t try it sooner. Yan looks forward to the countless adventures that lie ahead, knowing there are still many hidden treasures waiting to be discovered. 1．What can be learned about cormorant fishing? A．It’s a major industry. B．It’s an ordinary skill. C．It’s an age-old practice. D．It’s a high-return business. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Yan’s hobby of sending online posts. B．Yan’s experience of travelling overseas. C．Yan’s commitment to drawing followers. D．Yan’s journey to becoming a photographer. 3．Which best describes Peter Yan? A．Sensitive and caring. B．Adventurous and influential. C．Generous and ambitious. D．Humorous and fashionable. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a job. B．To promote a county. C．To introduce a person. D．To preserve a tradition. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了旅行摄影师Peter Yan放弃在苹果公司的成功事业，追求成为视觉故事讲述者的工作，并重点介绍了他拍摄的一幅关于鸬鹚捕鱼的照片以及他的摄影生涯。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This technique is typically practiced in rivers, with fishermen training their birds to catch fish in their throat and bring them back to the boat. The method was first described in a 636 CE text about the history of the Sui Dynasty and was a prosperous (繁荣的) industry.(这种技术通常在河流中使用，渔民训练他们的鸬鹚用喉咙捕鱼，然后把鱼带回船上。这种方法最早在公元636年关于隋朝历史的文献中被描述，当时是一个繁荣的行业)”可知，鸬鹚捕鱼是一个古老的习俗。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Three years ago, photography was just a hobby for Yan. Since he went on overseas vacations, he started to post on social media regularly. After a year, his account took off and gained lots of followers. He loved his full-time job, but as his photography “work” became more serious, he had to make a tough decision. In the end, he chose travel photography full-time, for fear of future regret if he didn’t try it sooner.(三年前，摄影对Yan来说只是一种爱好。自从他开始海外度假后，他就开始定期在社交媒体上发帖。一年后，他的账号火了，收获了很多粉丝。他热爱自己的全职工作，但随着他的摄影“工作”变得越来越严肃，他不得不做出一个艰难的决定。最后，他选择了全职从事旅行摄影，因为他担心如果不早点尝试，将来会后悔)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Yan从把摄影当爱好，到因在社交媒体发布照片获得大量粉丝，最终决定全职从事旅行摄影的过程，也就是他成为摄影师的历程。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Travel photographer Peter Yan left behind a successful career at Apple to pursue his work as a visual storyteller.(旅行摄影师Peter Yan放弃了在苹果公司的成功事业，追求成为视觉故事讲述者的工作)”和最后一段中“Yan looks forward to the countless adventures that lie ahead, knowing there are still many hidden treasures waiting to be discovered.(Yan期待着前方无数的冒险，因为他知道还有许多隐藏的宝藏等待被发现)”可知，Peter Yan具有冒险精神；再根据第二段“One particular photo, taken on a trip to Yangshuo, China, has caused the Internet to sit up and take notice.(在中国阳朔旅行时拍摄的一张特别照片引起了互联网的关注)”和第三段“Through this viral photograph, he’s been able to bring awareness back to a tradition that is fading.(通过这张病毒式传播的照片，他让人们重新关注到了一种正在消逝的传统)”可知，Peter Yan很有影响力。由此推知，Peter Yan是一个具有冒险精神和影响力的人。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Travel photographer Peter Yan left behind a successful career at Apple to pursue his work as a visual storyteller. In a few years, the Chinese-born Australian photographer has built an impressive following on social media, where over 150,000 people follow his inspiring imagery.(旅行摄影师Peter Yan放弃了在苹果公司的成功事业，追求成为视觉故事讲述者的工作。在几年内，这位出生于中国的澳大利亚摄影师在社交媒体上建立了令人印象深刻的粉丝群，超过15万人关注他鼓舞人心的图像)”可知，本文主要介绍了旅行摄影师Peter Yan放弃在苹果公司的成功事业，追求摄影梦想的故事，由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一个人。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田锦江中学·期末）Thomas Dambo, an environmental artist in Denmark, thinks big. In 2010, he started his first large-scale project: building birdhouses. He and his crew ended up creating 4,000 of them. Now he makes giant trolls (巨怪). So far, 59 trolls can be found at locations all around the world. His creations are made entirely from items people have thrown away, such as discarded wooden pallets, old fencing, and broken sheds. It’s important to him that he doesn’t add to the growing landfills (垃圾填埋场) on our planet. He thinks of discarded items as art supplies and a source of inspiration. As a kid, Thomas wanted to build all sorts of things, from a skateboard ramp (坡道) to a tree house in his backyard. He had lots of energy and creativity. The problem was that a kid doesn’t have the money to purchase supplies. He started to bike around the neighborhood looking for discarded wood, rope, and other items to create things. In 7th grade, a girl in his class gave him a good piece of advice. She told him that he should take a different route each day to experience something new. Thomas took her idea and learned all about his city of Copenhagen, Denmark. Today, Thomas still uses this idea of taking different routes as he searches for trash left out on curbs. Items such as wire, ropes, wooden pallets, metal, old chair rollers, and plastic containers are just waiting for him to think of a way to use them. If the items are small, he uses “Tingfinder,” his bicycle with a cart attached, to take home his “treasures”. He uses a truck for the larger items. “My advice is to think about what you really love to do and let that guide you. Keep moving in the direction you’d like to go.” said Thomas. 1．Why does Thomas prefer to use discarded items for his art? A．They are cheaper than new materials. B．They are more useful and attractive. C．He wants to reduce waste. D．He can find them more easily. 2．What advice did a girl in Thomas’s class give? A．Save money by using second-hand supplies. B．Explore new paths to discover something fresh. C．Focus on different ways to create things. D．Learn about his city before starting any project. 3．Which words can best describe Thomas? A．Adventurous and curious. B．Childish but imaginative. C．Changeable but hard-working. D．Responsible and creative. 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Sculpture: a unique hobby B．Trolls: a childhood dream C．Recycling: a creative journey D．Bicycling: an inspiring sport 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了丹麦环保艺术家Thomas Dambo利用废弃物品创作巨型艺术品的故事。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“It’s important to him that he doesn’t add to the growing landfills (垃圾填埋场) on our planet. He thinks of discarded items as art supplies and a source of inspiration. (对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，他选择使用被丢弃的物品是为了减少浪费和垃圾。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“In 7th grade, a girl in his class gave him a good piece of advice. She told him that he should take a different route each day to experience something new. (七年级时，班上的一个女孩给了他一个很好的建议。她告诉他，他应该每天走不同的路线，去体验一些新的东西。)”可知，Thomas的同学建议他探索新路径，发现新鲜事物。故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Thomas Dambo, an environmental artist in Denmark, thinks big. In 2010, he started his first large-scale project: building birdhouses. He and his crew ended up creating 4,000 of them. (丹麦的环境艺术家托Thomas Dambo想得很远大。2010年，他开始了他的第一个大型项目：建造鸟舍。他和他的团队最终制作了4000个。)”和第二段“His creations are made entirely from items people have thrown away, such as discarded wooden pallets, old fencing, and broken sheds. It’s important to him that he doesn’t add to the growing landfills (垃圾填埋场) on our planet. He thinks of discarded items as art supplies and a source of inspiration. (他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的，比如废弃的木托盘、旧围栏和破碎的棚屋。对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，Thomas是一个有创造力的人，他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的；同时，他也是一个有责任感的人，他不想增加地球上越来越多的垃圾填埋场，因此选择使用被丢弃的物品进行艺术创作，而且建造大量鸟舍。因此，最能描述Thomas的词语是“有责任感和创造力”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“His creations are made entirely from items people have thrown away, such as discarded wooden pallets, old fencing, and broken sheds. It’s important to him that he doesn’t add to the growing landfills (垃圾填埋场) on our planet. He thinks of discarded items as art supplies and a source of inspiration. (他的作品完全是用人们扔掉的东西做成的，比如废弃的木托盘、旧围栏和破碎的棚屋。对他来说，重要的是不要增加我们星球上日益增长的垃圾填埋场。他认为被丢弃的物品是艺术用品和灵感的来源。)”可知，文章主要讲述了丹麦环保艺术家Thomas Dambo使用被丢弃的物品进行艺术创作的故事，他通过回收和再利用这些物品，创作出了许多令人惊叹的艺术作品。因此，最能概括文章主旨的标题是“Recycling: a creative journey (回收：一段创意之旅)”。故选C。 主题03 人与自我——兴趣与传承 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田华侨中学·期末）Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth, through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation (认同) will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imaging how much time we lose every time we restrict our true selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliche (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through others’ attempt to make a prisoner of us B．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. C．We can never really please others even if we try as hard as we can. D．We should care about others’ view as much as they care about our own. 2．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 3．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．Base our worth on others’ opinions. C．See our experiences as resources. D．Love ourselves as we are. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述过度在意他人看法的危害及原因，并鼓励读者摆脱这种依赖，通过自我肯定来增强自信和幸福感。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”(老子曾经说过：“在意别人的想法，你将永远是别人的囚犯。”)”可推知，如果我们过于在意他人的看法，就无法真正获得自由。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth, through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.(通过别人的认可来取悦别人，或寻求自我价值，是一种徒劳无益的、令人筋疲力尽的生活方式)”可知，如果我们将自我价值建立在别人的认可上，那么我们的生活就会变得徒劳且疲惫不堪。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.(我们需要明白，当我们迫切地想要别人认可我们的时候，这是由我们内心深处那个害怕被抛弃的小孩所驱使的)”可知，我们渴望被喜欢或认可的原因是我们小时候害怕被抛弃。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So embrace the cliche (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it.(所以接受这句老话：爱你自己，因为你不会后悔的)”可推知，作者在最后一段建议我们要接受并爱我们自己，不要总是依赖他人的看法来定义自己的价值。故选D。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建师范大学附属中学·期末）Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 1．Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A．To become literature professors. B．To prepare for the coming exams. C．To compose more original poems. D．To relieve their future loneliness. 2．Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A．It’s out of date to recite poems. B．Repetition wastes a lot of time. C．Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D．It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 3．How does understanding poetry influence us? A．By broadening self-understanding. B．By refreshing our good memories. C．By helping us survive the hard life. D．By reminding us to forget the past. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A．Doubtful. B．Reserved. C．Appreciative. D．Critical. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者朋友多年前被诗人Robert L. Hass布置了一项特别任务——背诵三首诗，以及作者自己后来开始背诵诗歌的经历和感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have(他声称，这不是因为任何紧急的考试原因，而是为了让他们为将来不可避免的孤独时刻做好准备，届时诗歌将成为你唯一拥有的东西)。”可知，Robert L. Hass的目的是为了让学生在未来孤独时有所依靠，以缓解孤独感。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has(因为这个过程既简单又无聊，背诵一首伟大的诗总是开始得像是一种罪过。重复的无聊减少了它所具有的巨大魅力)。”可知，作者认为背诵诗歌的过程中，重复的无聊会破坏诗歌的魅力，因此开始背诵诗歌时就像是一种罪过。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are(换句话说，诗歌通过成为读者的一部分而不断存在。它之所以能做到这一点，是因为它是如此的具体，与我们如此的不同，以至于接受它扩展了我们对自己是什么的感觉)。”可知，理解诗歌可以扩展我们对自我的认识，影响我们对自我的理解。A选项“By broadening self-understanding.(通过拓宽自我理解)”符合题意。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become(我不会向你保证背诵诗歌会让你的生活变得更好，但它会让你变得更多：更多地接触语言，接触其他思想，也许还有你可能成为的样子)。”可知，作者对背诵诗歌持赞赏的态度，认为背诵诗歌可以让人更多地接触语言、其他思想和可能的自我。故选C。 33 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $