内容正文:
沪外版选必4 Unit 1 Achieving effective communication.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
barrier n. 障碍;阻力
复数:barriers
barricade n. 路障;障碍
1. barrier to(……的障碍)2. remove a barrier(清除障碍)
Language is not a barrier to true friendship.(语言不是真挚友谊的障碍。)
2
conquer v. (成功地)对付,克服,控制
过去式/过去分词:conquered
conquest n. 征服;conqueror n. 征服者
1. conquer difficulties(克服困难)2. conquer fear(战胜恐惧)
She managed to conquer her shyness and speak in public.(她成功克服了羞怯,在公众面前发言。)
3
stage fright n. 怯场(演员出场前的紧张不安)
无词形变化
无
1. suffer from stage fright(怯场)2. overcome stage fright(克服怯场)
Many performers suffer from stage fright before going on stage.(许多表演者上台前会怯场。)
4
sympathy n. 同情
复数:sympathies
sympathize v. 同情;sympathetic adj. 同情的
1. express sympathy for(对……表示同情)2. feel sympathy with(同情……)
We all expressed sympathy for her misfortune.(我们都对她的不幸表示同情。)
5
appearance n. 公开露面;演出;出庭
复数:appearances
appear v. 出现;apparent adj. 明显的
1. make an appearance(公开露面)2. public appearance(公开亮相)
The famous singer made a surprise appearance at the concert.(这位著名歌手在音乐会上惊喜亮相。)
6
compulsion n. 强迫;强制
复数:compulsions
compel v. 强迫;compulsory adj. 强制的
1. under compulsion(被迫)2. a compulsion to do(做……的冲动)
He acted under compulsion, not of his own will.(他是被迫行动的,并非自愿。)
7
bind n. 约束;迫使
动词过去式/过去分词:bound;复数:binds
binding adj. 有约束力的;bind v. 捆绑
1. bind sb. to(约束某人于……)2. legal bind(法律约束)
The agreement binds both parties to keep the secret.(该协议约束双方保守秘密。)
8
contract n. 合同;契约
复数:contracts;动词过去式/过去分词:contracted
contract v. 收缩;contractual adj. 合同的
1. sign a contract(签订合同)2. break a contract(违约)
They signed a two-year contract with the company.(他们与公司签订了为期两年的合同。)
9
escape v. 逃脱,摆脱,逃避
过去式/过去分词:escaped;复数:escapes
escape n. 逃脱;escaping adj. 逃跑的
1. escape from(从……逃脱)2. escape doing(逃避做某事)
The bird escaped from the cage and flew into the sky.(小鸟从笼子里逃脱,飞向了天空。)
10
lecture n. 演讲,讲座,讲课
复数:lectures;动词过去式/过去分词:lectured
lecture v. 演讲;lecturer n. 讲师
1. attend a lecture(听讲座)2. give a lecture(做演讲)
She attended a lecture on environmental protection yesterday.(她昨天听了一场关于环境保护的讲座。)
11
horrible adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的
比较级:more horrible;最高级:most horrible
horror n. 恐怖;horribly adv. 可怕地
1. horrible accident(可怕的事故)2. horrible weather(恶劣的天气)
It was a horrible experience to be caught in the earthquake.(遭遇地震是一次可怕的经历。)
12
seasick adj. 晕船
无比较级/最高级
sick adj. 恶心的;seasickness n. 晕船
1. feel seasick(感到晕船)2. get seasick(晕船)
She always gets seasick when traveling by ship.(她坐船旅行时总会晕船。)
13
peek v. 窥视;偷看
过去式/过去分词:peeked;复数:peeks
peek n. 一瞥;窥视
1. peek at(偷看……)2. peek through(透过……窥视)
The child peeked at the gift before the birthday party.(孩子在生日派对前偷看了礼物。)
14
curtain n. 幕布,帷幕;窗帘
复数:curtains;动词过去式/过去分词:curtained
curtain v. 给……挂窗帘
1. draw the curtains(拉窗帘)2. curtain call(谢幕)
The curtain rose and the performance began.(幕布升起,演出开始了。)
15
auditorium n. 礼堂;会堂;听众席,观众席
复数:auditoriums/auditoria
无
1. school auditorium(学校礼堂)2. fill the auditorium(坐满礼堂)
The graduation ceremony was held in the school auditorium.(毕业典礼在学校礼堂举行。)
16
stalwart adj. 忠诚的,诚实的;健壮的;强壮的
比较级:stalwart;最高级:stalwartest
无
1. stalwart supporter(忠诚的支持者)2. stalwart body(健壮的身体)
He is a stalwart friend who always stands by me.(他是个忠诚的朋友,总在我身边支持我。)
17
sprinkle v. 撒;洒;把……撒(或洒)在……上
过去式/过去分词:sprinkled;复数:sprinkles
sprinkle n. 少量;撒
1. sprinkle with(用……撒)2. sprinkle water(洒水)
She sprinkled some sugar on the cake.(她在蛋糕上撒了些糖。)
18
intend v. 打算;计划;想要
过去式/过去分词:intended
intention n. 意图;intent adj. 故意的
1. intend to do(打算做)2. intend for(为……打算)
I intend to visit my grandparents during the holiday.(我打算假期去看望祖父母。)
19
intently adv. 热切地,专注地
无比较级/最高级
intent adj. 专注的;intention n. 意图
1. listen intently(专注倾听)2. stare intently(凝视)
The students listened intently to the teacher’s explanation.(学生们专注地听老师讲解。)
20
deliver v. 发出(感叹、响声等)
过去式/过去分词:delivered
delivery n. 交付;投递
1. deliver a speech(发表演讲)2. deliver a message(传递信息)
The president delivered an important speech on national TV.(总统在国家电视台发表了重要演讲。)
21
gubernatorial adj. (美国)州长的,州长职位的
无比较级/最高级
governor n. 州长;统治者
1. gubernatorial election(州长选举)2. gubernatorial office(州长职位)
He announced his candidacy for the gubernatorial election.(他宣布参加州长选举。)
22
applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
不可数
applaud v. 鼓掌;称赞
1. burst into applause(突然鼓掌)2. receive applause(获得喝彩)
Her wonderful performance won loud applause from the audience.(她精彩的表演赢得了观众的热烈掌声。)
23
manuscript n. 手稿;原稿
复数:manuscripts
manuscript adj. 手写的
1. original manuscript(原稿)2. manuscript of a novel(小说手稿)
The writer spent three years finishing the manuscript.(这位作家花了三年时间完成手稿。)
24
tuck v. 把……塞进;把……藏入
过去式/过去分词:tucked
tuck n. 褶;卷起的部分
1. tuck into(塞进)2. tuck away(藏起来)
She tucked her hair behind her ears.(她把头发别到耳后。)
25
gem n. 美妙绝伦的事物;难能可贵的人;风景优美的地方;宝石
复数:gems
gemstone n. 宝石
1. a gem of a place(风景优美的地方)2. precious gem(珍贵的宝石)
The small village is a real gem in the mountains.(这个小村庄是山里一处真正的美景。)
26
moving adj. 动人的;令人感动的
比较级:more moving;最高级:most moving
move v. 感动;movement n. 运动
1. moving story(动人的故事)2. moving speech(感人的演讲)
It’s a moving film that makes many people cry.(这是一部感人的电影,让很多人落泪。)
27
pathetic adj. 可怜的;可悲的;令人怜惜的
比较级:more pathetic;最高级:most pathetic
pathos n. 哀婉;怜悯
1. pathetic situation(可悲的处境)2. pathetic attempt(可怜的尝试)
The homeless child looked pathetic in the cold rain.(那个无家可归的孩子在冷雨中显得很可怜。)
28
agony n. (精神或肉体的)极度痛苦
复数:agonies
agonize v. 极度痛苦;agonizing adj. 令人痛苦的
1. in agony(处于极度痛苦中)2. agony of despair(绝望的痛苦)
He screamed in agony after being injured in the accident.(事故中受伤后,他痛苦地尖叫。)
29
hereditary adj. 遗传的;遗传性的
比较级:more hereditary;最高级:most hereditary
heredity n. 遗传;hereditarily adv. 遗传地
1. hereditary disease(遗传病)2. hereditary trait(遗传特征)
Some eye diseases are hereditary in families.(有些眼病是家族遗传性的。)
30
nothing short of 可以说是;无异于;近乎
无词形变化
无
1. nothing short of amazing(简直令人惊叹)
His achievement is nothing short of a miracle.(他的成就简直是个奇迹。)
31
behind the scenes 在后台,在幕后
无词形变化
无
1. work behind the scenes(在幕后工作)2. behind the scenes negotiations(幕后谈判)
Many people work behind the scenes to make the event successful.(许多人在幕后工作,确保活动成功。)
32
by and by 不久;很快
无词形变化
无
1. by and by(不久之后)
By and by, the rain stopped and the sun came out.(不久,雨停了,太阳出来了。)
33
get at 够得着某物
无词形变化
无
1. get at sth.(够得着某物)2. get at the truth(查明真相)
The book on the top shelf is hard to get at.(顶层书架上的书很难够到。)
34
in case of 如果;假使
无词形变化
无
1. in case of emergency(万一发生紧急情况)2. in case of rain(如果下雨)
Take an umbrella in case of rain.(带把伞,以防下雨。)
35
live through sth 经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
无词形变化
无
1. live through a war(经历战争幸存)2. live through hardships(经历困苦幸存)
My grandmother lived through the Great Depression.(我的祖母经历了大萧条并幸存下来。)
36
doll n. 玩偶;玩具娃娃
复数:dolls
无
1. cloth doll(布娃娃)2. toy doll(玩具娃娃)
She kept her favorite doll since she was a little girl.(她从小就珍藏着她最喜欢的玩偶。)
37
downstairs adv. 往楼下;在楼下
无比较级/最高级;复数:downstairs
downstairs adj. 楼下的;downstairs n. 楼下
1. go downstairs(下楼)2. wait downstairs(在楼下等)
He heard a noise and went downstairs to check.(他听到响声,下楼去查看。)
38
imitation n. 模仿;效仿
复数:imitations
imitate v. 模仿;imitative adj. 模仿的
1. imitation of(对……的模仿)2. copycat imitation(盲目模仿)
Her imitation of the singer’s voice is very realistic.(她对那位歌手声音的模仿非常逼真。)
39
uncomprehending adj. 不理解的;茫然的
比较级:more uncomprehending;最高级:most uncomprehending
comprehend v. 理解;comprehension n. 理解
1. uncomprehending look(茫然的表情)2. uncomprehending of(不理解……)
He looked at her with an uncomprehending smile.(他带着茫然的微笑看着她。)
40
verb n. 动词
复数:verbs
verbal adj. 口头的;动词的
1. main verb(主要动词)2. auxiliary verb(助动词)
You need to use the correct verb tense in this sentence.(这个句子中你需要使用正确的动词时态。)
41
rag n. 破布;抹布
复数:rags
ragged adj. 破烂的;raggedly adv. 破烂地
1. a piece of rag(一块破布)2. clean with a rag(用抹布擦)
She used an old rag to clean the dirty table.(她用一块旧抹布擦脏桌子。)
42
lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部
复数:laps
无
1. on one’s lap(在某人腿上)2. lap up(欣然接受)
The little girl sat on her mother’s lap and listened to stories.(小女孩坐在妈妈腿上听故事。)
43
apply v. 适用;有关
过去式/过去分词:applied
application n. 应用;applicable adj. 适用的
1. apply to(适用于)2. apply for(申请)
This rule applies to all students in the school.(这条规则适用于学校的所有学生。)
44
mug n. 大杯,马克杯
复数:mugs
无
1. coffee mug(咖啡杯)2. a mug of tea(一大杯茶)
She poured herself a mug of hot tea on the cold day.(寒冷的日子里,她给自己倒了一大杯热茶。)
45
impress v. 使意识到(重要性或严肃性);使铭记;给……留下深刻印象
过去式/过去分词:impressed
impression n. 印象;impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
1. impress sb. with(给某人留下……印象)2. be impressed by(被……打动)
His courage and kindness impressed everyone around him.(他的勇气和善良打动了身边所有人。)
46
confuse v. (将……)混淆,混同
过去式/过去分词:confused
confusion n. 困惑;confusing adj. 令人困惑的
1. confuse A with B(把A和B混淆)2. be confused about(对……感到困惑)
Many students confuse “affect” with “effect”.(很多学生把“affect”和“effect”混淆。)
47
seize v. 抓住;夺
过去式/过去分词:seized
seizure n. 夺取;发作
1. seize an opportunity(抓住机会)2. seize sth. from(从……夺走某物)
He seized the chance to study abroad and never regretted it.(他抓住了出国留学的机会,从未后悔。)
48
sweep v. 扫去;清除
过去式/过去分词:swept;复数:sweeps
sweep n. 清扫;席卷
1. sweep away(清除)2. sweep the floor(扫地)
The wind swept away the fallen leaves in the yard.(风吹走了院子里的落叶。)
49
satisfaction n. 满足;满意
不可数
satisfy v. 使满足;satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
1. sense of satisfaction(满足感)2. to one’s satisfaction(令某人满意的是)
She felt a great sense of satisfaction after finishing the project.(完成项目后,她感到极大的满足感。)
50
sunshine n. 阳光;日光
不可数
sunny adj. 晴朗的;sunlight n. 日光
1. in the sunshine(在阳光下)2. bright sunshine(明媚的阳光)
Children are playing happily in the warm sunshine.(孩子们在温暖的阳光下快乐地玩耍。)
51
hop v. (人)单脚跳行
过去式/过去分词:hopped;复数:hops
hop n. 单脚跳
1. hop along(单脚跳着走)2. hop over(跳过)
The little boy hopped over the small puddle.(小男孩单脚跳过了小水洼。)
52
skip v. 蹦蹦跳跳地走
过去式/过去分词:skipped;复数:skips
skip n. 蹦跳;跳过
1. skip along(蹦蹦跳跳地走)2. skip class(逃课)
The little girl skipped down the street holding her mother’s hand.(小女孩牵着妈妈的手,蹦蹦跳跳地沿着街道走。)
53
well-house n. 井房
复数:well-houses
无
1. old well-house(旧井房)2. village well-house(村里的井房)
They found an ancient stone well in the old well-house.(他们在旧井房里发现了一口古老的石井。)
54
tap n. 水龙头;旋塞
复数:taps;动词过去式/过去分词:tapped
tap v. 轻敲;水龙头
1. turn on the tap(打开水龙头)2. cold tap(冷水龙头)
She turned off the tap to save water.(她关掉水龙头节约用水。)
55
stream n. (液)流;(气)流
复数:streams;动词过去式/过去分词:streamed
stream v. 流淌;streaming adj. 流式的
1. stream of water(水流)2. stream of people(人流)
A clear stream runs through the forest.(一条清澈的小溪穿过森林。)
56
motion n. 运动;移动
复数:motions;动词过去式/过去分词:motioned
motion v. 示意;motional adj. 运动的
1. in motion(在运动中)2. slow motion(慢动作)
The machine is in constant motion when working.(机器工作时处于持续运转状态。)
57
misty adj. 模糊的;不明晰的
比较级:mistier;最高级:mistiest
mist n. 薄雾;mistily adv. 模糊地
1. misty morning(薄雾笼罩的早晨)2. misty memory(模糊的记忆)
The mountains were covered in misty clouds.(群山被迷雾笼罩着。)
58
thrill n. 震颤感;兴奋感;兴奋;激动;令人兴奋的经历
复数:thrills
thrill v. 使兴奋;thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的
1. thrill of excitement(兴奋感)2. a real thrill(真正令人兴奋的事)
The thrill of winning the competition will stay with her forever.(赢得比赛的兴奋感将永远伴随她。)
59
eager adj. 热切的;渴望的;渴求的
比较级:eager;最高级:eagest
eagerly adv. 热切地;eagerness n. 渴望
1. eager to do(渴望做)2. eager for(渴求……)
She is eager to learn English well and communicate with foreigners.(她渴望学好英语,与外国人交流。)
60
sight n. 视力;视觉
复数:sights
sight v. 看见;sightless adj. 失明的
1. lose one’s sight(失明)2. at first sight(第一眼)
She was born with poor sight and needs to wear glasses.(她天生视力不好,需要戴眼镜。)
61
blossom v. (树或灌木)开花
过去式/过去分词:blossomed;复数:blossoms
blossom n. 花;blossoming adj. 盛开的
1. blossom in spring(在春天开花)2. blossom into(发展成为)
Cherry trees blossom beautifully in March.(樱花树在三月开出美丽的花朵。)
62
play with 摆弄;玩弄
无词形变化
无
1. play with toys(摆弄玩具)2. play with fire(玩火)
The little boy likes to play with building blocks.(小男孩喜欢摆弄积木。)
63
give birth (to sb/sth) 孕育
无词形变化
无
1. give birth to a baby(生孩子)2. give birth to an idea(孕育想法)
The scientist’s research gave birth to a new technology.(这位科学家的研究孕育出一项新技术。)
64
Sullivan 沙利文(人名)
专有,无词形变化
无
1. Anne Sullivan(安妮·沙利文)2. teacher Sullivan(沙利文老师)
Sullivan was a great teacher who helped Helen Keller.(沙利文是帮助海伦·凯勒的伟大老师。)
65
visual adj. 视力的;视觉的
比较级:more visual;最高级:most visual
vision n. 视力;visualize v. 想象
1. visual ability(视觉能力)2. visual arts(视觉艺术)
Visual aids can help students understand lessons better.(视觉教具能帮助学生更好地理解课程。)
66
assist v. 帮助;协助
过去式/过去分词:assisted
assistance n. 帮助;assistant n. 助手
1. assist sb. with(帮助某人做)2. assist in(协助)
He assisted his father with the farm work during the holiday.(假期里他帮父亲做农活。)
67
rely v. 依赖;依靠
过去式/过去分词:relied
reliance n. 依赖;reliable adj. 可靠的
1. rely on(依赖;依靠)2. rely upon(信赖)
We can’t rely on others to solve all our problems.(我们不能依赖别人解决所有问题。)
68
upgrade n. (机器、计算机系统等)升级;提高;改进
复数:upgrades;动词过去式/过去分词:upgraded
upgrade v. 升级;upgraded adj. 升级的
1. system upgrade(系统升级)2. software upgrade(软件升级)
The company announced a free upgrade for its products.(公司宣布为其产品提供免费升级。)
69
start-up n. 新创公司;初创企业
复数:start-ups
无
1. tech start-up(科技初创公司)2. found a start-up(创办初创企业)
He quit his job to start a small tech start-up.(他辞职创办了一家小型科技初创公司。)
70
sensor n. 传感器,敏感元件
复数:sensors
sensory adj. 感官的;sensor-based adj. 基于传感器的
1. temperature sensor(温度传感器)2. motion sensor(运动传感器)
The sensor can detect changes in temperature automatically.(该传感器能自动检测温度变化。)
71
interface n. (人机)界面(尤指屏幕布局和菜单)
复数:interfaces;动词过去式/过去分词:interfaced
interface v. 对接;interfacial adj. 界面的
1. user interface(用户界面)2. computer interface(计算机界面)
The new app has a simple and user-friendly interface.(这款新应用拥有简洁易用的用户界面。)
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leap n. 骤变;剧增;激增
复数:leaps;动词过去式/过去分词:leapt/leaped
leap v. 跳跃;leaping adj. 激增的
1. a leap in numbers(数量激增)2. technological leap(技术飞跃)
There has been a great leap in mobile technology in recent years.(近年来移动技术有了巨大飞跃。)
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assistive adj. 辅助的;协助性的
无比较级/最高级
assist v. 协助;assistance n. 帮助
1. assistive technology(辅助技术)2. assistive device(辅助设备)
Assistive devices help disabled people live independently.(辅助设备帮助残疾人独立生活。)
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