精品解析：北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中英语试题

北京师大二附中2025—2026学年高二年级第一学期 英语期中测试题 本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案涂答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡，不收试卷。 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） Ⅰ.完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But ___1___ there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people. Gombeau, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ___2___ a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage. What was he doing? He was looking for his next ___4___. Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even ___5___ for the pizza being cold. She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly ___8___ that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ___9___ got involved. However, the actor didn’t even break character, saying “thank you” when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person! Gombeau said that her ___10___ to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York. 1. A. normally B. luckily C. naturally D. gradually 2. A. stopped B. recognized C. remembered D. spotted 3. A. through B. for C. around D. over 4. A. cap B. bottle C. meal D. newspaper 5. A. answered B. complained C. joked D. apologized 6. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 7. A. surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A. admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized 9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly 10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位女士帮助了一个无家可归的男人，不料最终却发现对方实际上是正在拍摄电影的著名演员。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，也有很多乐于帮助的人。A. normally通常；B. luckily幸运地；C. naturally自然地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out.”可知，幸运的是，也有很多乐于帮助的人。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她看到一个无家可归的男人戴着滑雪帽在翻垃圾时，他们正在曼哈顿的中央车站附近。A. stopped停止；B. recognized认出；C. remembered记住；D. spotted看到。根据下文“a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage.”可知，此处表示她看到一个无家可归的男人。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当她看到一个无家可归的男人戴着滑雪帽在翻垃圾时，他们正在曼哈顿的中央车站附近。A. through从一端到另一端；B. for为了；C. around围绕；D. over在……上面。根据语境，此处表示一个无家可归的男人在翻垃圾，dig through the garbage表示“翻垃圾”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在寻找他的下一顿饭。A. cap帽子；B. bottle瓶子；C. meal一餐，一顿饭；D. newspaper报纸。根据上文“a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage”以及常识可知，这个无家可归的男人在翻垃圾，寻找下一顿饭。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她甚至为比萨饼凉了道歉。A. answered回答；B. complained抱怨；C. joked开玩笑；D. apologized道歉。根据下文“for the pizza being cold”可知，她因为披萨凉了向那个无家可归的男人道歉。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：她继续她的生活，认为没有什么是不寻常的，直到几天后，在她的酒店里，一位女士拿着一份报纸向她跑来。A. something某些东西；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何东西；D. everything每件事。根据下文“Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story.”可知，贡博看到报纸上有她的照片和故事时很惊讶，所以此处表示她认为没有什么是不同寻常的。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贡博很惊讶地看到里面有她的照片和一个故事。A. surprised惊讶的；B. delighted高兴的；C. satisfied满意的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary”可知，贡博继续她的生活，认为没有什么是不寻常的，所以此处表示看到照片和故事时，她很惊讶。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她突然意识到，她给予比萨饼的那个无家可归的人实际上是一位著名的演员。A. admitted承认；B. claimed主张；C. explained解释；D. realized意识到。根据下文“that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor”可知，此时贡博才意识到那个无家可归的男人实际上是一位著名的演员。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，他正在中央车站拍电影时，她阴差阳错地参与其中了。A. mysteriously神秘地；B. secretly秘密地；C. mistakenly错误地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据上文“he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station”可知，这位男士正在拍电影，贡博以为他真的是无家可归的人，送了披萨给他，错误地参与了电影拍摄。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贡博说，她之所以决定给这个可怜的人比萨，是因为看到这么多无家可归的人生活在纽约街头，她感到很难过。A. courage勇气；B. decision决定；C. opportunity机会；D. promise诺言。根据上文“She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man.”可知，贡博选择送披萨给这个无家可归的人，这是她自己做出的决定。故选B项。 Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I have many goals. The most important one is to travel around the world and I am trying my best to make it come true. The reason is ____11____ our world is so fantastic that I want to explore it. There are so many different things in the world ____12____ (experience). While ____13____ (travel), I can learn different languages and make friends with the local people. I believe I can achieve my dream. 【答案】11. that 12. to experience 13. traveling/travelling 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者陈述了自己环游世界的目标。 【11题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：原因是我们的世界是如此奇妙，我想探索它。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词在从句中没有实际意义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上有那么多不同的东西可以体验。空处需填动词不定式作后置定语，things to do要做的事情，该用法是固定用法。故填to experience。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在旅行中，我可以学习不同的语言，和当地人交朋友。I与其逻辑主语travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故填traveling/travelling。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Hawaii is the only state not on the continent of North America. The State of Hawaii consists ____14____ 8 bigger islands and 2000 more small islands. Of the bigger islands, Hawaii Island is not only the largest but also the youngest. People can find a few active volcanoes in the island. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the most active volcanoes, ____15____ the American government has opened Volcanoes National Park. The island’s largest city Hino, also the second largest one in Hawaii State, ____16____ (stand) on the northeast coast of the island. 【答案】14. of 15. where 16. stands 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了唯一不属于北美的夏威夷，这个州由许多岛屿组成，岛上有活火山，有政府开放的火山国家公园。夏威夷的最大的城市是Hino，位于岛的东北海岸。 【14题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：夏威夷州由8个较大的岛屿和2000个较小的小岛组成。consist of“由……组成”是固定短语，根据句意，故填of。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：莫纳洛亚和基劳厄亚是最活跃的活火山，在这些火山上，美国政府已经开放了火山国家公园。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是volcanoes，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。 【16题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：岛上最大的城市Hino,，也是夏威夷州的第二大城市，位于这个岛的东北海岸。分析句子可知，stand是谓语动词，句子的主语是The island’s largest city Hino，是第三人称单数，文章主时态是一般现在时，描述现在的事实，故句子用一般现在时，故填stands。 C 语法填空 Are you humorous? People who are humorous often recognize what’s funny in others and amuse others as well. At home, family life ____17____(brighten) by a sense of humor, so amuse yourself and your family members through jokes if you can. In the classroom, a humorous teacher will not make the students feel ____18____(bore) with learning. In hospitals, humor can sometimes help to reduce pain of the patients and enable them ____19____(recover) strength. No wonder people often say laughter is the world’s ____20____(good) medicine. 【答案】17. is brightened 18. bored 19. to recover 20. best 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默和笑的强大力量。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：家庭生活因幽默感而充满欢乐，所以如果可以的话，不妨通过讲笑话来逗自己和家人开心。主语family life与brighten为被动关系，且句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语family life为第三人称单数，助动词用is。故填is brightened。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在课堂上，幽默的老师不会让学生对学习感到厌烦。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，修饰students，用-ed形式的形容词bored“无聊的，厌烦的”。故填bored。 【19题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：在医院里，幽默有时有助于减轻病人的痛苦，使他们恢复体力。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do作宾语补足语。故填to recover。 【20题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：难怪人们常说笑是世界上最好的药。根据“the world’s”可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，所以应用形容词最高级。故填best。 Ⅲ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Welcome to our full-day sightseeing tour in the Rocky Mountains, which boast some of Canada’s most spectacular scenery. During the tour, you can enjoy round-trip travel from Banff and reach remote attraction including Lake Minnewanka and Lake Louise in comfort, stop at picturesque spots including falls and lakes, and enjoy personal attention from your guide on this small-group tour-limited to 15 people. What’s Included Driver/tour guide Pickup and drop-off Bottled water Food Tips are not required. Departure Time 9:00 AM Pickup Time Please arrive 10 minutes before your selected start time for pickup. Please Note We pick up at all Town of Banff-hotels, hostels and even campgrounds! If travelling from outside Banff, please confirm pickup location with the tour operator. Please note we do not pick up in Lake Louise. What to Expect ◊ Lake Minnewanka This is the largest lake in the park and actually used to be home to a small summer village. Today the village lies beneath the pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. This stop provides some interesting history of how things have changed in Banff National Park over the years. 2 hours·Ticket Free ◊ Lake Louise First opened in 1911, the world famous Lake Louise has been bringing guests to experience the clear blue waters for many years. This stop will offer the opportunity to explore the historic hotel. 3 hours·Ticket Included Cancellation Policy ◊ For a full refund, you must cancel at least 24 hours before the experience’s start time. ◊ Any changes made less than 24 hours before the experience’s start time will not be accepted. ◊ This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled in advance due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or get the fee you’ve paid. ◊ This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund. Read more about the tour at https://www.viater.com/. 21. To enjoy this full day tour, you need to ______. A. take food by yourself B. prepare tips for the guide C. arrive at 9:00 am for pickup D. wait for pickup in Lake Louise 22. What will you experience in this tour? A. Pay a visit to the summer village. B. Learn the history of Banff National Park. C. Live in the historic hotel by Lake Louise. D. Swim in pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. 23. One can get full refund if______. A. the tour is arranged to another day B. he/she changes the route before the tour C. the travelers fail to reach a certain number D. he/she experiences bad weather during the trip 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了落基山脉的全日观光游并提供了详细的旅游指南信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Departure Time (离开时间)部分的“9:00 AM”（上午九点）可知，要享受这个全日游，游客需要上午 9点钟到达接送点。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Lake Minnewanka部分的“This stop provides some interesting history of how things have changed in Banff National Park over the years.”（这里提供了这些年来有关于班夫国家公园变化的有趣历史。）可知，在这次旅行中你可以了解班夫国家公园的历史。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cancellation Policy部分的“This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund.”（这种体验需要旅行者达到最低人数标准。如果它被取消了，你可以改日继续体验或得到全额退款。）可知，旅行者未能达到一定数量，可得到全额退款。故选C项。 B About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa. That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”. It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.” In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians. The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.” “Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title. 24. Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from? A. His exploration of the local music. B. His cooperation with the young violinist. C. His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat. D. His constantly changing taste in violin styles. 25. According to the passage, the series of documentaries ________. A. help Hoffman to become a master violin player B. are funded by American public television stations C. introduce different styles of musicians around the world D. record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles 26. The title of the documentary “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood” is used to emphasize ________. A. the power of diversified artistic expression B. the pleasure in learning traditional music C. the technique of instrument playing D. the importance of famous artists 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小提琴家Daniel Hoffman尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，并将这段经历拍成了纪录片。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa. (坐在小提琴手同伴的摩托车后座上，霍夫曼穿梭于城市的后街，然后开始学习安达卢西亚音乐，这是北非的古典音乐。)”和第二段“That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept ‘musical extreme sports’. (这段经历让我产生了一个想法：在短短一周的时间里，尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，会是什么感觉?哦。是的，在那个周末，开一场音乐会。他甚至为“音乐极限运动”这个概念取了个名字。)”可知，霍夫曼关于音乐极限运动的想法来自于对北非当地音乐的探索。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. (霍夫曼希望这部电影能成为一系列短纪录片的第一部，展示他如何学习以各种风格拉小提琴，包括南印度、瑞典、希腊、罗马尼亚和西弗吉尼亚州的民间音乐。)”可知，这个系列纪录片记录了霍夫曼学习各种小提琴风格的经历。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“‘The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,’ says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. ‘It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.’ (“最大的笑话是fiddle和violin有什么区别?”，传统长笛演奏家尼尔·基根说：“是你在上面演奏的音乐让它成为爱尔兰音乐、英国音乐、法国音乐、古典音乐、爵士乐或其他任何音乐。是我们如何想象它，如何通过它创造，成就并赋予了它个性。”)”可推知，小提琴的价值在于多元的艺术表现，你在上面演奏的音乐赋予它个性，“否则，它就是一根木柴”，所以纪录片的标题“Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood”强调了多元艺术表达的力量。故选A。 C Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 27. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 28. The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 29. As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”、B项“When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项“When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. (然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要)”可知，关于人工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. (然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器)”可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 第二节：根据短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.____31____When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.____32____Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. ____33____Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.____34____This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify.____35____After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult. Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost. B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. 【答案】31. A 32. E 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。 【31题详解】 根据上文“There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.( 有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“the opportunity cost”和下文中的“the concept”对应。A项：It is about finding out the opportunity cost.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。 【32题详解】 根据下文“Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。 【33题详解】 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。 【34题详解】 根据上文“You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. (虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。 Ⅳ.阅读表达（共3小题；第36、37题各2分，第38题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 36. What did Tom witness at his own school? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 37. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 38. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】36. He witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. 37. He got the idea from observing his mum and his desire to give kids better drink options. 38. I think Tom's creativity and social responsibility are important. His creativity led to the invention of the Fun Bottle, providing a healthy drink option. His social responsibility is shown by donating profits to OHG, promoting health. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了15岁发明家和创业者Tom发明Fun Bottle的灵感来源、产品特点、销售情况以及他对其他年轻创业者的建议。 【36题详解】 考查细节理解。 根据第一段“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.(15岁的发明家和企业家Tom在自己的学校目睹了孩子们普遍饮用含糖饮料)”可知，Tom在自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛饮用含糖饮料的现象。故答案为He witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. 【37题详解】 考查细节理解。 根据第二段“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle.(Tom看着他的妈妈做健康的水果浸泡饮品，但后来却很难找到一个可以随身携带的选择。从观察妈妈和给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望出发，他想出了自己最初的趣味瓶模型)”可知，Tom从观察妈妈制作健康水果浸泡液但难以携带，以及他希望为孩子们提供更好的饮料选择中，得到了Fun Bottle原始模型的灵感。故答案为He got the idea from observing his mum and his desire to give kids better drink options. 38题详解】 开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。题目问：在Tom的品质中，你认为哪一个（些）对我们很重要？为什么？我认为Tom的创造力和社会责任感很重要。他的创造力促成了Fun Bottle的发明，提供了健康的饮料选择。他通过向OHG捐赠利润来展现社会责任感，促进健康。故答案为I think Tom’s creativity and social responsibility are important. His creativity led to the invention of the Fun Bottle, providing a healthy drink option. His social responsibility is shown by donating profits to OHG, promoting health. 第Ⅱ卷（共51分） Ⅴ.语言运用（共31题；共31分） 第一节：单词拼写（共8小题：每小题1分，共8分） 根据所给首字母、词性和英文释义在句中填写单词，并将单词的完整形式写在答题卡相对应的位置上。 39. She is a p______ (adj. having or showing strong feelings of enthusiasm for sth. or belief in sth.) supporter for animal rights and volunteers at the shelter every weekend.(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】passionate##assionate 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是动物权利的热情支持者，每个周末都在收容所做志愿者。根据括号内的释义“adj. having or showing strong feelings of enthusiasm for sth. or belief in sth.(形容词，对某事有强烈的热情或信念)”和首字母“p”可知，此处为形容词passionate，意为 “热情的；热诚的”，在句中作定语修饰名词supporter。故填passionate。 40. It seemed i______ (adj. impossible or very difficult to believe) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】incredible##ncredible 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们在战争期间还想踢足球，这似乎令人难以置信。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据所给首字母和英文提示“adj. impossible or very difficult to believe(形容词，不可能的或很难相信的)”可知，用形容词incredible，意为“难以置信的”。故填incredible。 41. The government should offer help to those who l______ (v.to have none or not enough of sth.) basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】lack##ack 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府应该帮助那些缺乏面包和牛奶等基本食品的人。根据首字母和英文提示“v.to have none or not enough of sth. (动词，没有或不够某物)”可知，是动词lack意为“缺乏”，作定语从句的谓语，根据主句时态可知，用一般现在时，先行词是those，从句谓语动词用原形，故填lack。 42. If you want people to do things for you, you’ve got to make it w______ (adj. worth spending time, money or effort on) to them. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】worthwhile##orthwhile 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你想让人们为你做事，你就得让这件事对他们来说是值得的。根据括号内给出的英文释义“adj. worth spending time, money or effort on(形容词，值得花费时间、金钱或精力的)”以及首字母w可知，此处为形容词worthwhile“值得的”，作宾语补足语。故填worthwhile。 43. The famous actor used his influence to r______ (v. to increase the amount or level of sth.) public awareness about environmental protection. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】raise##aise 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位著名演员利用他的影响力来提高公众对环境保护的意识。根据英文提示“to increase the amount or level of sth.(增加某物的数量或水平)”和首字母提示，用动词raise，意为“增加，提高”，用原形构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填raise。 44. The flight was severely d______ (v. to not do sth. until a later time or to make sth. happen at a later time) by the heavy snowstorm, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck at the airport. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】delayed##elayed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：航班因暴风雪严重延误，数百名乘客被困在机场。根据括号内给出的英文释义“v. to not do sth. until a later time or to make sth. happen at a later time (动词，直到晚些时候才做某事或使某事在晚些时候发生)”以及首字母d可知，此处为动词delay，the flight和delay为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词。故填delayed。 45. When booking a flight, you can state your seat p______ (n. a greater interest in or desire for sb./sth, than sb./sth. else), such as an aisle or a window seat. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】preference##reference 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：预订机票时，你可以说明你偏好的座位，比如靠过道或靠窗的座位。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“n. a greater interest in or desire for sb./sth, than sb./sth. else(名词，对某人/某物比某人/某物更感兴趣或更渴望其他)”可知，应填名词preference作宾语，意为“偏爱”，不可数名词。故填preference。 46. Her original i______ (n. an idea or plan of what you are going to do) was to help, but she accidentally made the situation worse. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】intention##ntention 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她最初的意图是帮忙，但不小心使情况变得更糟。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据所给英文提示词“n. an idea or plan of what you are going to do(名词，关于你要做什么的一个想法或计划)”以及首字母，应是intention意为“意图”，为可数名词，根据was可知，用单数形式。故填intention。 第二节：词组填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给方框中选择合适词组，并用其适当形式填空（有两个多余的选项） associate with, have access to, obsess over, get used to, get to the point, fall behind, chatter away 47. He was ill for six weeks and ______ with his schoolwork. 48. We should ensure that millions of people in this country ______ basic health care. 49. You’ll soon ______ the new regulations once they are introduced. 50. A true artist often ______ achieving perfection in his or her work. 51. In many cultures, the color red ______ good luck and celebration. 【答案】47. fell behind 48. have access to 49. get used to 50. obsesses over 51. is associated with 【解析】 【47题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：他病了六周，学业也因此落后了。“and”为并列连词，所填应是动词短语，与“was”并列作谓语。结合前文语境“He was ill for six weeks(他病了六周)”可推知，因病耽误学习，功课落后了。“fall behind”，动词短语，意为“落后”，贴合语境，动词这里用过去式形式。故填fell behind。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们应当确保这个国家的数百万民众能够获得基本的医疗保健服务。所填应是动词短语，在从句中作谓语。结合前文“ensure(确保)”，“millions of people in this country(这个国家的数百万人)”以及空后“basic health care(基本的医疗保健服务)”可推知，这里应是表达“确保民众获得基本的医疗保健服务”。“have access to”，动词短语，意为“有机会获得，使用”，符合语境。从句用一般现在时，主语为第三人称复数，这里动词用原形。故填have access to。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一旦这些新规定实施起来，你很快就会适应它们的。根据后文“the new regulations once they are introduced(一旦这些新规定实施起来)”可推知，新规定实施后，人就会很快习惯。“get used to”，动词短语，意为“习惯于”，符合语境，置于“will”之后，动词用原形。故填get used to。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：真正的艺术家往往会执着于在自己的作品中追求完美。所填应是动词短语，在句中作谓语；结合语境这里讲述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据主语“A true artist(一位真正的艺术家)”以及宾语“achieving perfection in his or her work(在工作中达到完美境界)”可推知，艺术家会追求自己艺术作品的完美，即“沉迷于实现完美境界”。“obsess over”，动词短语，意为“过度纠结于，沉迷于”，符合语境；主语为第三人称单数，动词用单数形式。故填obsesses over。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语和被动。句意：在许多文化中，红色与好运和庆祝活动有关。分析主语“the color red(红色)”和后文“good luck and celebration(好运和庆祝活动)”，并结合常识可推知，这里表达“红色与好运和庆祝活动相关联”。“associate with”，动词短语，意为“使联系”，符合语境；从句表达客观事实，主语为第三人称单数，且与动词“associate”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时被动结构：is done。故填is associated with。 第三节：词汇拓展（共18小题；每小题1分，共18分） （一）根据句意，选出合适的单词或词组完成句子。 52. Teachers prefer ______ students to lazy ones. A. stiff B. broke C. essential D. diligent 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：老师们喜欢勤奋的学生胜过懒惰的学生。A. stiff僵硬的；B. broke破产的；C. essential必要的；D. diligent勤奋的。根据“lazy (懒惰的)”、ones指代students以及语境可知，此处是对勤奋学生和懒惰学生的偏好比较。故选D项。 53. Professor Lee is going to ______ me with her research on Asian elephants. A. maintain B. converse C. acquaint D. multiply 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：李教授打算让我了解她关于亚洲象的研究。A. maintain维持；B. converse交谈；C. acquaint使熟悉，使了解；D. multiply使增加，繁殖。根据“her research on Asian elephants”可推知，李教授是要让“我”熟悉或了解她的研究；acquaint sb. with sth.意为“使某人熟悉某事物”，符合语境。故选C项。 54. Every student has a great chance to ______ their talent in the school play. A. edit B. grasp C. showcase D. cruise 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个学生都有很好的机会在学校演出中展示他们的才能。A. edit编辑；B. grasp抓，理解；C. showcase展示；D. cruise乘船游览。根据“their talent in the school play”可知，此处指在学校演出中展示他们的才能，动词showcase“展示”符合语境。故选C。 55. To ______ the effects of jet lag, travelers are advised to gradually adjust their sleep schedules before flying. A. minimize B. sway C. exhibit D. murmur 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了将时差的影响降到最低，建议旅行者在飞行前逐渐调整他们的睡眠时间表。A. minimize使减少到最低限度；B. sway摇摆；C. exhibit展览；D. murmur低语。根据“travelers are advised to gradually adjust their sleep schedules before flying”可知，旅行者在飞行前逐渐调整睡眠时间表的目的是减少时差的影响，所以用minimize最合适。故选A项。 56. The teacher’s word really ______ me and made me feel more confident about my abilities in class. A. recruited B. impacted C. edited D. resisted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师的话真的对我产生了影响，让我对自己在课堂上的能力更加自信。A. recruited招募，招收；B. impacted影响，对……产生作用；C. edited编辑，校对；D. resisted抵抗，抗拒。根据“made me feel more confident about my abilities in class.”可知，老师的话产生了影响。故选B。 57. The airline has ______ the accident to human error following the initial investigation. A. inherited B. released C. possessed D. attributed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过初步调查，航空公司将这起事故归因于人为失误。A. inherited继承；B. released释放，发布；C. possessed拥有；D. attributed归因于。根据下文“human error”可知，人为失误是事故原因。attribute...to...，为固定搭配，表示“将……归因于……”。故选D。 58. The teacher used techniques from ______ to improve his students’ motivation and performance. A. psychology B. concert C. category D. civilization 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师运用心理学的技巧来提高学生的积极性和表现。A. psychology心理学；B. concert音乐会；C. category类别；D. civilization文明。根据后文“improve his students’ motivation and performance”可知，提高学生的积极性和表现，应是用心理学符合实际。故选A项。 59. The new cafeteria in our factory will be ______ to all employees starting October first. A. desperate B. impossible C. cognitive D. accessible 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们工厂的新自助餐厅从10月1日起将对所有员工开放。A. desperate绝望的，不顾一切的；B. impossible不可能的；C. cognitive认知的，感知的；D. accessible可接近的，可进入的，可使用的。根据“The new cafeteria in our factory”可知，新自助餐厅将对员工开放，员工可以使用。故选D。 60. The teacher had us ______ the tallest free-standing structure using only spaghetti and string. A. zip B. contest C. frown D. construct 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师让我们只用意大利面和绳子建造最高的独立式建筑。A. zip拉上拉链；B. contest争辩；C. frown皱眉；D. construct建造。根据后文“the tallest free-standing structure”可知，应是“建造最高的独立式建筑”符合语境。故选D项。 61. A severe snowstorm caused several pile-ups on the freeway, throwing the morning traffic into ______. A. chaos B. narration C. prose D. ventilation 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场严重的暴风雪导致高速公路上发生了几起连环车祸，使早晨的交通陷入混乱。A. chaos混乱；B. narration旁白；C. prose散文；D. ventilation通风。根据前文“A severe snowstorm caused several pile-ups on the freeway”可知，一场严重的暴风雪导致高速公路上发生了几起连环车祸，应是导致交通混乱。故选A项。 62. Solar energy can help ______a community without polluting the air or using up natural resources like coal or oil. A. shield B. specialize C. sustain D. advocate 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：太阳能可以帮助维持一个社区，而不会污染空气或消耗煤炭或石油等自然资源。A. shield保护；B. specialize专门从事；C. sustain维持；D. advocate提倡。根据“without polluting the air or using up natural resources like coal or oil.”可知，太阳能可以帮助维持一个社区。故选C。 63. Many small island nations are ______ to typhoons, which can cause great damage. A. vulnerable B. sufficient C. probable D. coastal 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多小岛屿国家容易受到台风的影响，台风会造成巨大的破坏。A. vulnerable脆弱的；B. sufficient足够的；C. probable可能的；D. coastal沿海的。根据后文“which can cause great damage”可知，台风会造成巨大的破坏，所以是许多小岛屿国家容易受到台风的影响，所以vulnerable构成固定搭配：be vulnerable to意为“易受伤害的”符合语境。故选A项。 （二） 从所给方框中选择适当的单词完成句子，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑(有两个多余的选项)。 A. diminished B. gravity C. nutritional D. insight E. conventional F. trait G. compulsory H. reproduced 64. The potential to improve the quality and ______ value of the vegetables and animals we eat seem unlimited. 65. Frequent hand washing is ______ and proper toilets are provided for workers in the field. 66. On the other hand, the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from ______ breeding. 67. During the study the amount of pesticide (杀虫剂) used by farmers ______ because they saw less need for it. 68. This combination of biological ______ and engineering pragmatism is vital to success in biomimetics, and has led to several promising technologies. 69. Humans have been altering the genetic ______ of plants for thousands of years by keeping seeds from the best crops. 【答案】64. C 65. G 66. E 67. A 68. D 69. F 【解析】 【64题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们所食用的蔬菜和动物的品质及营养价值提升的潜力似乎是无穷无尽的。根据“of the vegetables and animals”以及句意“营养”可知应填nutritional，修饰名词value。故选C。 【65题详解】 考查形容词。句意：勤洗手是必须遵守的规定，而且在田间作业的工人那里也配备了合适的厕所设施。根据“proper toilets are provided for workers in the field”以及句意“必须的”可知应填形容词compulsory，作表语。故选G。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一方面，基因工程的技术是全新的，与传统的育种方法有着很大的不同。根据“the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from”以及句意“传统的”可知应填形容词conventional，修饰名词breeding。故选E。 【67题详解】 考查动词。句意：在研究期间，农民使用的农药量减少了，因为他们觉得不再需要那么多农药了。根据“because they saw less need for it”以及句意“减少”可知应填diminish，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选A。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种将生物学洞察力与工程实用主义相结合方法对于生物仿生学的成功至关重要，并且已经催生了若干颇具前景的技术。根据“and engineering pragmatism”以及句意“洞察力”可知应填名词insight，作主语。故选D。 【69题详解】 考查名词。句意：人类数千年以来一直通过保留最优质作物的种子来改变植物的基因特性。根据“Humans have been altering the genetic”以及句意“特性”可知应填名词trait，作宾语，故选F。 Ⅵ. 书面表达（共20分） 70. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近日，你英国好友 Jim正在进行一项关于“社交媒体对人际交往整体影响”的调研，你协助他对你班同学开展了调查，结果如下面所示。请用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.描述调查结果； 2.说明你自己的选择并解释理由。 注意：词数100左右 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to have helped you with your survey. The results show that about 40% of my classmates think social media has a positive impact on interpersonal communication, as it makes it easier to keep in touch with friends and family. About 70% believe it has a negative effect, as it may lead to less face-to-face communication. As for me, I think social media has more positive effects. It allows us to connect with people from all over the world and share our experiences. However, we should also be aware of its drawbacks and use it properly. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向英国好友Jim描述关于“社交媒体对人际交往整体影响”的调查结果，并说明自己的选择及理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 影响：impact → influence/effect 保持联系：keep in touch with → stay in touch with/connect with 意识到：be aware of → realize/recognize 缺点：drawback → disadvantage/shortcoming 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m glad to have helped you with your survey. 拓展句：I’m glad that I have helped you with your survey. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The results show that about 40% of my classmates think social media has a positive impact on interpersonal communication, as it makes it easier to keep in touch with friends and family. (运用了连词that引导的宾语从句和从属连词as引导原因状语从句) [高分句型2] About 70% believe it has a negative effect, as it may lead to less face-to-face communication. (运用了从属连词as引导原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京师大二附中2025—2026学年高二年级第一学期 英语期中测试题 本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案涂答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡，不收试卷。 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） Ⅰ.完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But ___1___ there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people. Gombeau, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ___2___ a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage. What was he doing? He was looking for his next ___4___. Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even ___5___ for the pizza being cold. She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly ___8___ that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ___9___ got involved. However, the actor didn’t even break character, saying “thank you” when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person! Gombeau said that her ___10___ to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York. 1. A. normally B. luckily C. naturally D. gradually 2. A. stopped B. recognized C. remembered D. spotted 3 A. through B. for C. around D. over 4. A. cap B. bottle C. meal D. newspaper 5. A. answered B. complained C. joked D. apologized 6. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 7. A. surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8 A. admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized 9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly 10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I have many goals. The most important one is to travel around the world and I am trying my best to make it come true. The reason is ____11____ our world is so fantastic that I want to explore it. There are so many different things in the world ____12____ (experience). While ____13____ (travel), I can learn different languages and make friends with the local people. I believe I can achieve my dream. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Hawaii is the only state not on the continent of North America. The State of Hawaii consists ____14____ 8 bigger islands and 2000 more small islands. Of the bigger islands, Hawaii Island is not only the largest but also the youngest. People can find a few active volcanoes in the island. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the most active volcanoes, ____15____ the American government has opened Volcanoes National Park. The island’s largest city Hino, also the second largest one in Hawaii State, ____16____ (stand) on the northeast coast of the island. C 语法填空 Are you humorous? People who are humorous often recognize what’s funny in others and amuse others as well. At home, family life ____17____(brighten) by a sense of humor, so amuse yourself and your family members through jokes if you can. In the classroom, a humorous teacher will not make the students feel ____18____(bore) with learning. In hospitals, humor can sometimes help to reduce pain of the patients and enable them ____19____(recover) strength. No wonder people often say laughter is the world’s ____20____(good) medicine. Ⅲ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Welcome to our full-day sightseeing tour in the Rocky Mountains, which boast some of Canada’s most spectacular scenery. During the tour, you can enjoy round-trip travel from Banff and reach remote attraction including Lake Minnewanka and Lake Louise in comfort, stop at picturesque spots including falls and lakes, and enjoy personal attention from your guide on this small-group tour-limited to 15 people. What’s Included Driver/tour guide Pickup and drop-off Bottled water Food Tips are not required. Departure Time 9:00 AM Pickup Time Please arrive 10 minutes before your selected start time for pickup. Please Note We pick up at all Town of Banff-hotels hostels and even campgrounds! If travelling from outside Banff, please confirm pickup location with the tour operator. Please note we do not pick up in Lake Louise. What to Expect ◊ Lake Minnewanka This is the largest lake in the park and actually used to be home to a small summer village. Today the village lies beneath the pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. This stop provides some interesting history of how things have changed in Banff National Park over the years. 2 hours·Ticket Free ◊ Lake Louise First opened in 1911, the world famous Lake Louise has been bringing guests to experience the clear blue waters for many years. This stop will offer the opportunity to explore the historic hotel. 3 hours·Ticket Included Cancellation Policy ◊ For a full refund, you must cancel at least 24 hours before the experience’s start time. ◊ Any changes made less than 24 hours before the experience’s start time will not be accepted. ◊ This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled in advance due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or get the fee you’ve paid. ◊ This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund. Read more about the tour at https://www.viater.com/. 21. To enjoy this full day tour, you need to ______. A. take food by yourself B. prepare tips for the guide C. arrive at 9:00 am for pickup D. wait for pickup in Lake Louise 22. What will you experience in this tour? A. Pay a visit to the summer village. B. Learn the history of Banff National Park. C. Live in the historic hotel by Lake Louise. D. Swim in pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. 23. One can get full refund if______. A. the tour is arranged to another day B. he/she changes the route before the tour C. the travelers fail to reach a certain number D. he/she experiences bad weather during the trip B About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa. That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”. It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.” In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians. The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.” “Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title. 24. Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from? A. His exploration of the local music. B. His cooperation with the young violinist. C. His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat. D. His constantly changing taste in violin styles. 25. According to the passage, the series of documentaries ________. A. help Hoffman to become a master violin player B. are funded by American public television stations C. introduce different styles of musicians around the world D. record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles 26. The title of the documentary “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood” is used to emphasize ________. A. the power of diversified artistic expression B. the pleasure in learning traditional music C. the technique of instrument playing D. the importance of famous artists C Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 27. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. 28. The author believes that . A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI 29. As for AIs, what does the author value most? A. Reliability. B. Practicability. C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 第二节：根据短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.____31____When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.____32____Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. ____33____Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.____34____This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify.____35____After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult. Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost. B. Weigh the losses and gains and make your decision. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. Ⅳ.阅读表达（共3小题；第36、37题各2分，第38题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 36. What did Tom witness at his own school? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 37. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 38. Among Tom’s qualities which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷（共51分） Ⅴ.语言运用（共31题；共31分） 第一节：单词拼写（共8小题：每小题1分，共8分） 根据所给首字母、词性和英文释义在句中填写单词，并将单词的完整形式写在答题卡相对应的位置上。 39. She is a p______ (adj. having or showing strong feelings of enthusiasm for sth. or belief in sth.) supporter for animal rights and volunteers at the shelter every weekend.(根据首字母单词拼写) 40. It seemed i______ (adj. impossible or very difficult to believe) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据首字母单词拼写) 41. The government should offer help to those who l______ (v.to have none or not enough of sth.) basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk. (根据首字母单词拼写) 42. If you want people to do things for you, you’ve got to make it w______ (adj. worth spending time, money or effort on) to them. (根据首字母单词拼写) 43. The famous actor used his influence to r______ (v. to increase the amount or level of sth.) public awareness about environmental protection. (根据首字母单词拼写) 44. The flight was severely d______ (v. to not do sth. until a later time or to make sth. happen at a later time) by the heavy snowstorm, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck at the airport. (根据首字母单词拼写) 45. When booking a flight, you can state your seat p______ (n. a greater interest in or desire for sb./sth, than sb./sth. else), such as an aisle or a window seat. (根据首字母单词拼写) 46. Her original i______ (n. an idea or plan of what you are going to do) was to help, but she accidentally made the situation worse. (根据首字母单词拼写) 第二节：词组填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 从所给方框中选择合适的词组，并用其适当形式填空（有两个多余的选项） associate with, have access to, obsess over, get used to, get to the point, fall behind, chatter away 47. He was ill for six weeks and ______ with his schoolwork. 48. We should ensure that millions of people in this country ______ basic health care. 49. You’ll soon ______ the new regulations once they are introduced. 50. A true artist often ______ achieving perfection in his or her work. 51. In many cultures, the color red ______ good luck and celebration. 第三节：词汇拓展（共18小题；每小题1分，共18分） （一）根据句意，选出合适的单词或词组完成句子。 52. Teachers prefer ______ students to lazy ones. A. stiff B. broke C. essential D. diligent 53. Professor Lee is going to ______ me with her research on Asian elephants. A. maintain B. converse C. acquaint D. multiply 54. Every student has a great chance to ______ their talent in the school play. A. edit B. grasp C. showcase D. cruise 55. To ______ the effects of jet lag, travelers are advised to gradually adjust their sleep schedules before flying. A. minimize B. sway C. exhibit D. murmur 56. The teacher’s word really ______ me and made me feel more confident about my abilities in class. A. recruited B. impacted C. edited D. resisted 57. The airline has ______ the accident to human error following the initial investigation. A. inherited B. released C. possessed D. attributed 58. The teacher used techniques from ______ to improve his students’ motivation and performance. A. psychology B. concert C. category D. civilization 59. The new cafeteria in our factory will be ______ to all employees starting October first. A. desperate B. impossible C. cognitive D. accessible 60. The teacher had us ______ the tallest free-standing structure using only spaghetti and string. A. zip B. contest C. frown D. construct 61. A severe snowstorm caused several pile-ups on the freeway, throwing the morning traffic into ______. A. chaos B. narration C. prose D. ventilation 62. Solar energy can help ______a community without polluting the air or using up natural resources like coal or oil. A. shield B. specialize C. sustain D. advocate 63. Many small island nations are ______ to typhoons, which can cause great damage. A. vulnerable B. sufficient C. probable D. coastal （二） 从所给方框中选择适当的单词完成句子，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑(有两个多余的选项)。 A. diminished B. gravity C. nutritional D. insight E. conventional F. trait G. compulsory H. reproduced 64. The potential to improve the quality and ______ value of the vegetables and animals we eat seem unlimited. 65. Frequent hand washing is ______ and proper toilets are provided for workers in the field. 66. On the other hand, the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from ______ breeding. 67. During the study, the amount of pesticide (杀虫剂) used by farmers ______ because they saw less need for it. 68. This combination of biological ______ and engineering pragmatism is vital to success in biomimetics, and has led to several promising technologies. 69. Humans have been altering the genetic ______ of plants for thousands of years by keeping seeds from the best crops. Ⅵ. 书面表达（共20分） 70. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近日，你的英国好友 Jim正在进行一项关于“社交媒体对人际交往整体影响”的调研，你协助他对你班同学开展了调查，结果如下面所示。请用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.描述调查结果； 2.说明你自己的选择并解释理由。 注意：词数100左右 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $