Unit2 Out of this World Grammar and usage Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U2-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1. telescope n. 望远镜 telescopic adj. ①望远镜的；望远的；放大的 ②可伸缩的；套叠的；套筒的 telescopically adv. 2. universe n. 宇宙 universal adj.普遍的 universally adv. 普遍地 universality n 3. crucial a.至关重要的，关键的 be crucial to/for sth.对...是至关重要的 be crucial in sth 在...方面是至关重要的 play a crucial part/role in sth在...方面起到非常重要的作用 be of crucial importance是至关重要的 It is crucial that... 极其重要的是... →crucially adv.至关重要的，关键地 crucially important极其重要 4. orbit v. 围绕....运动 n. 轨道 5. astronomer n. 天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 6. merely adv. 仅仅 mere adj.仅仅的，纯粹的 7. administration n. 管理；行政部门 administrate v. 管理/支配 administrator n. 管理员 8. agency n. ①服务机构；（尤指）代理机构，经销机构 ②（especially NAmE）（政府的）专门机构 an advertising / employment agency 广告公司；职业介绍所 through the agency of　由于……的作用 agent n. 代理人 9. comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成=be comprised of/be composed of/be made up of/consist of... The collection comprises 327 paintings.这批收藏品包含327幅画。 =The collection is comprised of/ consists of 327 paintings. 10. scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 (-nn-) n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 scanner n. 扫描设备；扫描仪 scan (through) sth (for sth)细看；察看；审视；端详；粗略地读；浏览；翻阅 scan sth into sth/scan sth in 把…扫描进；扫描输入 11. plain to see 显而易见的 plain adj. ①清楚的；明白的；浅白的 SYN clear ②坦诚的；直率的；直接的 ③不尚修饰的；朴素的；简单的 ④素的；无花纹的；单色的 ⑤普通的；平庸的；平凡的　SYN everyday ⑥（女子）相貌平平的；无姿色的 in plain English　用平白的言语（或文字） n.（also plains）[pl.]平原 adv. （用于强调）简直，绝对地 plain clothes noun [pl.]（警察执行任务时穿的）便衣，便服 plainly adv. ①清晰地；明显地；清楚地　SYN clearly ②简单明了地；直截了当地 ③简朴地；朴素地 12. foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 lay the foundation for为…打下基础 theoretical foundation 理论基础 solid foundation 坚实的基础 economic foundation 经济基础 【同步语法梳理】 主语从句 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around­the­world trip. 让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。 It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games. 侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle. 在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled. 辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。 注意：whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency. 无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。 Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see. 谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。 注意：who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。 3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone. 这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle. 财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能； (2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义； (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句 It is vital that he should know about this. 他应该知道此事是重要的。 注意：在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句 It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time. 很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。 3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money. 有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。 注意：在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided. 应该决定我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。 注意：what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear. 这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的连接词完成下面短文 Everyone knew 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2. she came from and 3. she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4. they did know was 5. she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6. was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7. they were so narrow­minded，but it didn’t matter 8. others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9. she thought was right. I think that is 10. the meaning of life lies. 二、用适当的关系词填空 1． the mission was done was a permanent mystery. 2． John was late for the class is plain to see. 3． part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing. 4． the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided. 5． bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it. 6． is interested in the activity can sign their names. 7． will be in charge of the company is being discussed. 8． the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather. 9． cars will be parked in the future is a question. 10．It is very important a student(should)learn English well. 三、完成句子 1． that the video turns out splendid. 很明显视频是极好的。 2． your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent. 给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。 3． that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours. 让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。 4． has excited every one of us. 这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。 5． doesn’t bother me too much. 她是否会来我都不太在意。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1．A vast crowd of refugees continue to ____________ (流动) from the troubled region into the no-man's land. 2．She liked to be home to ____________ (欢迎) enthusi-astically Steve when he came in from school. 3．The course is ____________ (合适的) for gifted beginners and advanced students. 4．The term “podcast” refers to an audio ____________ (录音), linked to the Web，which can be downloaded to a personal MP3 player. 5．Later, these extraordinary rocks proved that at one time in the ____________ (遥远的) past the Antartic was covered by plants. 6．It's harmful for your eyes to ____________ (盯着看) at the computer screen for a long time and it will lower your eyesight. 7．We had to stop for ____________ (呼吸) before we got to the top because of the special surroundings. 8．The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests，such as collecting model cars or playing an ____________ (不寻常的) folk instrument. 9．The owner of the shop was ____________(打扫) the floor when I walked in. 10．He described it as an extraordinarily ____________ (复杂的) and distant tale. 11．He took time out from extraordinary campaigning to ____________ (陪伴) his mother to dinner. 12．I applied for the post more in hope than ____________ (期待). 二、单句语法填空 1．I opened the box and saw a ____________ (greet) card with“Happy Birthday” in the blank wrapper. 2．I don't have anything suitable ____________ (wear) for the party，which consumes large amounts of time to choose. 3．The composer is much happier performing live than in a ____________ (record) studio. 4．In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long ____________ (distant) carrying heavy spring onions. 5．This money is intended ____________ the development of the tourist security. 6．Take a deep breath, count to ten, and then breathe ____________. 7．There are also a lot of dramatic discussions and debates in class，and our teachers expect us ____________ (ask) questions about what we are learning. 8．He has done so much for the poor in his community that people think ____________ (high) of him. 9．When Tony finished telling his joke，all his schoolmates stared ____________ him and then burst into laughter. 10．My strength is giving out，so I cannot accompany you ____________ the bookstore. 11．She wanted me to accompany her ____________ the cello (大提琴) rather than the piano，when she performed. 12．Anne left Germany, ____________ the expectation of seeing her family before very long，but what happened later didn't fulfill her ____________ (expect). 13．The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction ____________ millions of people visit it every year. 三、完成句子 1．当着手做这项工作时，我们碰到了很多困难。 When we ________________________， we encountered many difficulties.(get) 2．出乎意料的是，这次旅行并不像他描述的那般美好。 ________________________， the journey is not as nice as what he described.(expectation) 3．你如果感到紧张或焦虑，试着做一下深呼吸使自己平静下来。 If you feel nervous or anxious, try ________________________ to calm yourself down.(breath) 4．他说得太快了，以至于我听不清他说的话。 He ________________________ I can't catch up with what he's saying.(so...that...) 5．看！看老人们在广场上跳舞是多么有趣啊！ Look! How interesting it is ________________________ in the square！(see＋宾语＋宾补) 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Nothing can substitute (替代) for a good night’s sleep. There are some effective ways to reset your sleep cycle. • Have a light dinner Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man. ____1____ . You should time your meals, because a full stomach can be the reason of insomnia (失眠). A light snack at bedtime can promote sleep, but too much food can lead to wakefulness. • Change it gradually It is important to change your sleep cycle gradually in order to avoid stress and different sleep disorders. The most suitable way is to increase it by 15 minutes a time. If you have to wake up earlier, then try to fall asleep 15 minutes earlier each evening. ____2____. • Prepare your room for the sleep People’s body is influenced by light and darkness. Doctors strongly suggest darkening the bedroom before sleep. ____3____. Moreover, close your curtains at night, so you will be able to sleep calmly. • ____4____ Consistency (developing regular sleeping hours) is the best way to change your sleep cycle. You should stick to the same sleep and wake-up time schedule. Don’t forget about weekends! It is allowed to have an extra hour on Saturdays, but you are to be back on track on Sundays. • Stop hitting the snooze button (止闹按钮) I think everyone knows about those tempting five extra minutes in the morning. It doesn’t count, but you can turn these five extra minutes into ten or half an hour and you will realize that you are late. The morning that starts with stress isn’t a good beginning of your day. There are many ways to stop hitting the snooze button. ____5____. You have no choice but to answer it and before you find it, you will be out of bed. A. Keep regular hours B. This saying has a deep and wise meaning C. A good night’s sleep can refresh and restore your body D. Switch off laptops and other sources of light in your bedroom E. Do something low-stress and boring until you discover that you are tired F. The most effective way is to put an alarm clock on the other side of the room G. It may be difficult to fall asleep at once, so take some relaxing procedures like a bath. 二、完形填空 My mum was a consultant psychiatrist at Lancaster Moor hospital. At five, I went with her to the ______1______ on a Christmas afternoon. I didn't really want to be: there, knowing I had not yet opened all my ______2______ at home. Mum gave me a big box of chocolates and told me to ______3______ around the psychogeriatric ward. Our household was the sort where treats were strictly ______4______: only one packet of crisps a week. So being entrusted with a huge box of chocolates was ______5______ indeed. I marched proudly around the ward, operating a “one for you, one for me” policy ______6______ I went from bed to bed, wondering why no one I talked to ______7______. When you are ______8______, so much of life is new and strange that you quickly accept even the strangest things as being ______9______ normal. But I remember thinking it was _______10_______ that so many of these very old women were holding dollies and teddy bears tight. On the way home, feeling slightly _______11_______ after all the chocolates, I asked Mum why the old ladies had dolls and why they had talked such nonsense. I can't remember her exact _______12_______, but I learned that most of them had no family, and received no _______13_______. That Christmas taught me not to be afraid of people with _______14_______ illness. I wasn't even _______15_______ when my mother put me on the trolley in the corridor outside her office if she was busy in the ward. 1. A. hospital B. school C. grocery D. restaurant 2. A. books B. presents C. suitcases D. mailboxes 3. A. promote B. taste C. distribute D. choose 4. A. examined B. purchased C. forbidden D. controlled 5. A. exciting B. upsetting C. demanding D. confusing 6. A. before B. after C. as D. until 7. A. followed suit B. took office C. lost heart D. made sense 8. A. alone B. old C. free D. little 9. A. barely B. bitterly C. perfectly D. hardly 10. A. odd B. nice C. right D. certain 11. A. fortunate B. energetic C. unconscious D. uncomfortable 12. A. reaction B. explanation C. instruction D. motivation 13. A. consultants B. visitors C. honour D. treatment 14. A. mental B. deadly C. common D. infectious 15. A. satisfied B. embarrassed C. bothered D. relieved 三、语法填空 I am the tree who used to live in the king’s gardens. Every spring thousands of moths came out of me. The moths attracted birds, ___1____ in turn provided food for bigger animals. ____2____ (gradual), the gardens were filled with life and color. The king was very ____3____ (pride) of his gardens, in which thousands of creatures representing hundreds of species now lived. They turned the gardens ____4____ a paradise that everyone enjoyed. I was old, withered and dry, and ____5____ turned out that I was the only thing in the gardens that the king disliked. Then one day the king had me cut down and ____6____ (replace) with fountains. But to his surprise, all the animals living in the gardens ____7____ (go) in time. The king sent for advisers, ___8____ none of them came up with a solution. Many years passed before a young man ____9____(present) himself to the king. He pointed out that it was the “moth poo” that played a key role in keeping life balanced. The king took his ____10_____ (explain) seriously. He wanted to recreate the former beauty of his gardens. However, it would take many years to restore the balance of nature, for I was delicate. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A 1. Scenic landscapes on stamps: A nine-day tour in the cities of Xuzhou,Suqian and Huai'an in northern Jiangsu province. This route is associated with local culture, characteristics, and creativity. It offers a taste of the famous canal cities. 2.Life on the Grand Canal: A seven-day Jiangsu tour through the cities of Nanjing, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou and Suzhou. This route presents the most authentic, economic, cultural and entertainment-focused activities along the canal from both ancient and modern times. I allows visitors to ride in boats and observe local fishermen fishing. 3.Food, culture, leisure and health; Seven-day experience of local life in Zhenjiang Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou To increase tourists’ interest in the traditional culture and crafts of Jiangsu, the route will include pottery, embroidery(刺绣), paper-cutting, cooking and other hands-on experiences. It includes scenic spots along the Beijing-Hangzhou Gran Canal, ancient water towns, historical streets and ancient fishing villages. Visitors can join in the recreational farmhouse experience and pick up both fruits and vegetables 4．A walk into history: Six-day tour in Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai’an, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Wuxi The Beiing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the entire province and has been a part of Jiangsu's culture for thousands of years. Inspired by the canal, the route includes historical cities Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai'an, Yangzhou along with Zheniang Changzhou and Wuxi. 1. Which of the following do the four travel routes share? A. A time duration of less than a week. B. Ancient towns in southern Jiangsu. C. The Grand Canal. D. The city of Suqian. 2. Which route is the best for an in-depth tourist who wants to cover fewer cities with more time? A. Route 1 B. Route 2 C. Route 3 D. Route 4. 3. What can you enjoy in the route only covering Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang? A. Rowing a boat. B. Trying on paper-cutting. C. Growing vegetables. D. Fishing with local villagers. B Although it’ll take weeks to harvest all of their cabbage, farmers in a town in Pingdu, Shandong province, have started preparing to sell the vegetables to overseas markets. Li Wenbin, who runs a vegetable trading business in the town of Renzhao, said his fresh vegetable sales to overseas markets mainly in Japan, South Korea and Malaysia doubled to 20,000 metric tons last year due to high demand for kimchi, a dietary staple in South Korea. South Korea suffered from an abnormally long rainy season and three typhoons last year that damaged large amounts of Chinese cabbage, the major ingredient(原料) for kimchi, creating high demand for the vegetable. “Based on the current performance of vegetable exports in parts of southern China, such as in Fujian province, we predict this year’s business won’t be sad,” said Li, adding that he is confident because vegetables from Renzhao are competitive in terms of quality and price. Around 120 kilometers west of Pingdu, vegetable traders in Shouguang, Weifang, one of the country’s major vegetable production bases, have started exporting this year’s carrots. Pei Shengji, manager of Zhonglong Food, headquartered in Shouguang, said the harvesting of the company’s 65-hectare carrot growing base in Fujian is in full swing. All of the carrots will be processed and shipped to overseas markets. What’s more, Shandong province is developing seeds to meet diverse needs for quality crops, which helps to support the agricultural sector. “The seed developed domestically brings rich harvests. The Chinese cabbage tastes good and is good for being preserved,” he said. Besides, it’s much cheaper than foreign seeds. Unlike Li, who can choose quality Chinese cabbage seeds developed in China, Pei has to spend more buying foreign seeds because there are no domestically developed carrot seeds available. According to Weifang’s five-year plan, the seeds of medium-and high-end vegetables such as bell peppers, broccoli and carrots will be researched and developed. 4. Why did the fresh vegetable sales to markets in South Korea double last year? A. Chinese cabbage tastes better than others. B. Kimchi is a favourite food in South Korea. C. China has a vegetable trade with South Korea. D. Vegetables there experienced climatic disasters. 5. What is Li Wenbin’s attitude to Chinese vegetable trading business? A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Pessimistic. 6. What does the underlined part “in full swing” in Paragraph 6 mean? A. In ruins. B. Under way. C. In the dark. D. On the scene. 7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Pei bought foreign carrot seeds at a lower price. B. Overseas markets are fond of Chinese vegetables. C. More seeds in high quality will appear in the future. D. All the seeds developed in Shandong are not productive. C Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have transformed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities. The median income (中位收入) recorded in the United States of America was about $63,000 in 2018. TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month — $360,000 a year. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads, simply by posting a 15-second video. This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens, and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive. While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that hsows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in turn affect our individual work ethics (伦理). What about the people who miss birthdays and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers? Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc., had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good, technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it’s only online.” Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous of a 15-second video teach young people? 8. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Social networking. B. Making money on social media. C. A job offered by TikTok. D. Staying connected to the Internet. 9. Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users? A. They tend to live an adult life too soon. B. They are forced to pay for certain services. C. They may abandon other social media. D. They are likely to develop false values. 10. What can we infer from Richard Colyer’s comments? A. TikTok can be a positive influence if teens employ it wisely. B. Young TikTokers should be banned form making money. C. It is better to involve education on investment in TikTok videos. D. Contents of videos need checking before their release online. 11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Say No to TikTok. B. Join Young TikTokers C. TikTok — A Mine of Money D. A Job vs An Entertainment D The common cuttlefish is just as smart as a human child when it comes to a certain cognitive test, according to a new research. When given the sweet test, which tests a person’s ability to understand delayed satisfaction, cuttlefish passed with flying colors. In the classic psychological experiment, a child is given a sweet with the instructions that if they can resist eating the sweet treat for 15 minutes, they’ll be given another and allowed to eat both. “Cuttlefish in the present study were all able to wait for the better reward and tolerated delays for up to 50-130 seconds, which is comparable to what we see in some clever animals such as monkeys, crows and parrots,” said lead author Alexandra Schnell. The researchers found the cuttlefish that delayed satisfaction for longer had better learning performance. Six common cuttlefish were placed in a tank with two clear boxes. One had a live grass shrimp — their favorite food and the other had a less appetizing shrimp. Researchers painted symbols on the doors. Triangle is for a delayed opening, and circle is for opening straight away. When presented with their favourite food behind the triangle door, all the cuttlefish chose to wait. The study also tested the cuttlefish’s ability to learn, by switching the symbols on the doors and what they meant. The cuttlefish that learnt to adapt to the changes fastest also scored the longest delayed satisfaction scores. While researchers don’t know the exact reasons for their intelligence, they suspect it’s something to do with the way of gathering food. “Cuttlefish spend most of their time hiding, sitting and waiting, having short dining time. They don’t hide when they dine, so they are exposed to their enemies. We assume that delayed satisfaction may have evolved as a byproduct of this, so the cuttlefish can benefit by waiting to choose better quality food.” said Schnell. 12. Why is the classic psychological experiment mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To show children’s ability to tolerate. B. To attach importance to the researchers. C. To state children prefer to have sweets. D. To prove cuttlefish are highly intelligent. 13. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Why the researchers design the test. B. How the experiment is carried out. C. How the cuttlefish recognize shapes. D. What the cuttlefish’s favorite food is. 14. The cuttlefish’s intelligence may be a result of . A. the walls having ears. B. letting the cat out of the bag. C. the survival of the fittest. D. putting the cart before the horse. 15. Where is the passage most likely from? A. A newspaper on science. B. A website on table manners. C. A brochure on education. D. A magazine on fashion design. 2、 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，从互联网（the Internet）上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡（Singapore）举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。 内容主要包括： 1.自我介绍（包括英语能力）； 2.参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）； 3.希望获准。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Sir or Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Regards, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sally was only eight years old when she heard Mommy and Daddy talking about her little brother, Georgy. He was very sick and the doctors told them that only a very expensive operation could save his life. However, his family could not afford it. Sally heard Daddy say sadly, “Only a miracle (奇迹) can save him now.” Sally went to her bedroom and found her piggy bank. She shook all the money out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she put all the money in her pocket and made her way to a drugstore (药店). She waited patiently for the storekeeper to give her attention, but he was busy talking to another well-dressed man. Sally cleared her throat. No good. Then she took out a coin from her pocket and threw it onto the glass counter (柜台). That did it! “What do you want?” the storekeeper asked angrily. “Can’t you see I’m talking to my brother?” “Well, I want to talk to you about my brother,” Sally answered back bravely. “He’s sick, and I want to buy a miracle.” “I beg your pardon,” said the storekeeper. “My Daddy says only a miracle can save him now, so how much does a miracle cost?” “We don’t sell miracles here, little girl. I can’t help you.” “Listen, I have the money to pay for it. Just tell me how much it costs.” Then that well-dressed man asked, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?” “I don’t know,” Sally answered. Tears started to rush into her eyes. “I just know he’s really sick and Mommy says he needs an operation. But my family doesn’t have enough money, so I have brought all my money. I love my little brother.” “How much do you have?” asked the well-dressed man. “A dollar and eleven cents,” Sally answered. “And that’s all the money I have.” 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: “Well, I can help you,” said the well-dressed man. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: It wasn’t long until Georgy was home again. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U2-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1. telescope n. 望远镜 telescopic adj. ①望远镜的；望远的；放大的 ②可伸缩的；套叠的；套筒的 telescopically adv. 2. universe n. 宇宙 universal adj.普遍的 universally adv. 普遍地 universality n 3. crucial a.至关重要的，关键的 be crucial to/for sth.对...是至关重要的 be crucial in sth 在...方面是至关重要的 play a crucial part/role in sth在...方面起到非常重要的作用 be of crucial importance是至关重要的 It is crucial that... 极其重要的是... →crucially adv.至关重要的，关键地 crucially important极其重要 4. orbit v. 围绕....运动 n. 轨道 5. astronomer n. 天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 6. merely adv. 仅仅 mere adj.仅仅的，纯粹的 7. administration n. 管理；行政部门 administrate v. 管理/支配 administrator n. 管理员 8. agency n. ①服务机构；（尤指）代理机构，经销机构 ②（especially NAmE）（政府的）专门机构 an advertising / employment agency 广告公司；职业介绍所 through the agency of　由于……的作用 agent n. 代理人 9. comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成=be comprised of/be composed of/be made up of/consist of... The collection comprises 327 paintings.这批收藏品包含327幅画。 =The collection is comprised of/ consists of 327 paintings. 10. scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 (-nn-) n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 scanner n. 扫描设备；扫描仪 scan (through) sth (for sth)细看；察看；审视；端详；粗略地读；浏览；翻阅 scan sth into sth/scan sth in 把…扫描进；扫描输入 11. plain to see 显而易见的 plain adj. ①清楚的；明白的；浅白的 SYN clear ②坦诚的；直率的；直接的 ③不尚修饰的；朴素的；简单的 ④素的；无花纹的；单色的 ⑤普通的；平庸的；平凡的　SYN everyday ⑥（女子）相貌平平的；无姿色的 in plain English　用平白的言语（或文字） n.（also plains）[pl.]平原 adv. （用于强调）简直，绝对地 plain clothes noun [pl.]（警察执行任务时穿的）便衣，便服 plainly adv. ①清晰地；明显地；清楚地　SYN clearly ②简单明了地；直截了当地 ③简朴地；朴素地 12. foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 lay the foundation for为…打下基础 theoretical foundation 理论基础 solid foundation 坚实的基础 economic foundation 经济基础 【同步语法梳理】 主语从句 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around­the­world trip. 让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。 It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games. 侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle. 在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled. 辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。 注意：whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency. 无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。 Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see. 谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。 注意：who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。 3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone. 这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle. 财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能； (2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义； (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句 It is vital that he should know about this. 他应该知道此事是重要的。 注意：在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句 It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time. 很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。 3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money. 有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。 注意：在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided. 应该决定我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。 注意：what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear. 这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的连接词完成下面短文 Everyone knew 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2. she came from and 3. she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4. they did know was 5. she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6. was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7. they were so narrow­minded，but it didn’t matter 8. others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9. she thought was right. I think that is 10. the meaning of life lies. 【答案】1.that 2.where 3.whether 4.What 5.that 6.whoever 7.why 8.what 9.what(ever) 10.where 二、用适当的关系词填空 1． the mission was done was a permanent mystery. 2． John was late for the class is plain to see. 3． part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing. 4． the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided. 5． bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it. 6． is interested in the activity can sign their names. 7． will be in charge of the company is being discussed. 8． the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather. 9． cars will be parked in the future is a question. 10．It is very important a student(should)learn English well. 【答案】1.How 2.Why 3.Which 4.Where/When5.What 6.Whoever 7.Who 8.Whether 9.Where 10.that 三、完成句子 1． that the video turns out splendid. 很明显视频是极好的。 2． your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent. 给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。 3． that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours. 让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。 4． has excited every one of us. 这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。 5． doesn’t bother me too much. 她是否会来我都不太在意。 【答案】1.It is obvious2.What impressed us most was3.What surprises us most is4.That the film star will come to our city5.Whether she is coming or not 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1．A vast crowd of refugees continue to ____________ (流动) from the troubled region into the no-man's land. 2．She liked to be home to ____________ (欢迎) enthusi-astically Steve when he came in from school. 3．The course is ____________ (合适的) for gifted beginners and advanced students. 4．The term “podcast” refers to an audio ____________ (录音), linked to the Web，which can be downloaded to a personal MP3 player. 5．Later, these extraordinary rocks proved that at one time in the ____________ (遥远的) past the Antartic was covered by plants. 6．It's harmful for your eyes to ____________ (盯着看) at the computer screen for a long time and it will lower your eyesight. 7．We had to stop for ____________ (呼吸) before we got to the top because of the special surroundings. 8．The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests，such as collecting model cars or playing an ____________ (不寻常的) folk instrument. 9．The owner of the shop was ____________(打扫) the floor when I walked in. 10．He described it as an extraordinarily ____________ (复杂的) and distant tale. 11．He took time out from extraordinary campaigning to ____________ (陪伴) his mother to dinner. 12．I applied for the post more in hope than ____________ (期待). 二、单句语法填空 1．I opened the box and saw a ____________ (greet) card with“Happy Birthday” in the blank wrapper. 2．I don't have anything suitable ____________ (wear) for the party，which consumes large amounts of time to choose. 3．The composer is much happier performing live than in a ____________ (record) studio. 4．In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long ____________ (distant) carrying heavy spring onions. 5．This money is intended ____________ the development of the tourist security. 6．Take a deep breath, count to ten, and then breathe ____________. 7．There are also a lot of dramatic discussions and debates in class，and our teachers expect us ____________ (ask) questions about what we are learning. 8．He has done so much for the poor in his community that people think ____________ (high) of him. 9．When Tony finished telling his joke，all his schoolmates stared ____________ him and then burst into laughter. 10．My strength is giving out，so I cannot accompany you ____________ the bookstore. 11．She wanted me to accompany her ____________ the cello (大提琴) rather than the piano，when she performed. 12．Anne left Germany, ____________ the expectation of seeing her family before very long，but what happened later didn't fulfill her ____________ (expect). 13．The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction ____________ millions of people visit it every year. 三、完成句子 1．当着手做这项工作时，我们碰到了很多困难。 When we ________________________， we encountered many difficulties.(get) 2．出乎意料的是，这次旅行并不像他描述的那般美好。 ________________________， the journey is not as nice as what he described.(expectation) 3．你如果感到紧张或焦虑，试着做一下深呼吸使自己平静下来。 If you feel nervous or anxious, try ________________________ to calm yourself down.(breath) 4．他说得太快了，以至于我听不清他说的话。 He ________________________ I can't catch up with what he's saying.(so...that...) 5．看！看老人们在广场上跳舞是多么有趣啊！ Look! How interesting it is ________________________ in the square！(see＋宾语＋宾补) 答案：一、单词拼写 1．flow　2.greet　3.suitable　4.recording　5.distant　6.stare 7．breath　8.unusual　9.sweeping　10.complicated　11.accompany　12.expectation 二、单句语法填空 1．greeting　2.to wear　3.recording　4.distance　5.for　6.out 7．to ask　8.highly　9.at　10.to　11.on/at　12.in　expectations　13.that 三、完成句子1．got down to the work　2.Contrary to/Against/Beyond expectations 3．taking a deep breath　4.speaks so fast that　5.to see the seniors dancing 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Nothing can substitute (替代) for a good night’s sleep. There are some effective ways to reset your sleep cycle. • Have a light dinner Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man. ____1____ . You should time your meals, because a full stomach can be the reason of insomnia (失眠). A light snack at bedtime can promote sleep, but too much food can lead to wakefulness. • Change it gradually It is important to change your sleep cycle gradually in order to avoid stress and different sleep disorders. The most suitable way is to increase it by 15 minutes a time. If you have to wake up earlier, then try to fall asleep 15 minutes earlier each evening. ____2____. • Prepare your room for the sleep People’s body is influenced by light and darkness. Doctors strongly suggest darkening the bedroom before sleep. ____3____. Moreover, close your curtains at night, so you will be able to sleep calmly. • ____4____ Consistency (developing regular sleeping hours) is the best way to change your sleep cycle. You should stick to the same sleep and wake-up time schedule. Don’t forget about weekends! It is allowed to have an extra hour on Saturdays, but you are to be back on track on Sundays. • Stop hitting the snooze button (止闹按钮) I think everyone knows about those tempting five extra minutes in the morning. It doesn’t count, but you can turn these five extra minutes into ten or half an hour and you will realize that you are late. The morning that starts with stress isn’t a good beginning of your day. There are many ways to stop hitting the snooze button. ____5____. You have no choice but to answer it and before you find it, you will be out of bed. A. Keep regular hours B. This saying has a deep and wise meaning C. A good night’s sleep can refresh and restore your body D. Switch off laptops and other sources of light in your bedroom E. Do something low-stress and boring until you discover that you are tired F. The most effective way is to put an alarm clock on the other side of the room G. It may be difficult to fall asleep at once, so take some relaxing procedures like a bath. 二、完形填空 My mum was a consultant psychiatrist at Lancaster Moor hospital. At five, I went with her to the ______1______ on a Christmas afternoon. I didn't really want to be: there, knowing I had not yet opened all my ______2______ at home. Mum gave me a big box of chocolates and told me to ______3______ around the psychogeriatric ward. Our household was the sort where treats were strictly ______4______: only one packet of crisps a week. So being entrusted with a huge box of chocolates was ______5______ indeed. I marched proudly around the ward, operating a “one for you, one for me” policy ______6______ I went from bed to bed, wondering why no one I talked to ______7______. When you are ______8______, so much of life is new and strange that you quickly accept even the strangest things as being ______9______ normal. But I remember thinking it was _______10_______ that so many of these very old women were holding dollies and teddy bears tight. On the way home, feeling slightly _______11_______ after all the chocolates, I asked Mum why the old ladies had dolls and why they had talked such nonsense. I can't remember her exact _______12_______, but I learned that most of them had no family, and received no _______13_______. That Christmas taught me not to be afraid of people with _______14_______ illness. I wasn't even _______15_______ when my mother put me on the trolley in the corridor outside her office if she was busy in the ward. 1. A. hospital B. school C. grocery D. restaurant 2. A. books B. presents C. suitcases D. mailboxes 3. A. promote B. taste C. distribute D. choose 4. A. examined B. purchased C. forbidden D. controlled 5. A. exciting B. upsetting C. demanding D. confusing 6. A. before B. after C. as D. until 7. A. followed suit B. took office C. lost heart D. made sense 8. A. alone B. old C. free D. little 9. A. barely B. bitterly C. perfectly D. hardly 10. A. odd B. nice C. right D. certain 11. A. fortunate B. energetic C. unconscious D. uncomfortable 12. A. reaction B. explanation C. instruction D. motivation 13. A. consultants B. visitors C. honour D. treatment 14. A. mental B. deadly C. common D. infectious 15. A. satisfied B. embarrassed C. bothered D. relieved 三、语法填空 I am the tree who used to live in the king’s gardens. Every spring thousands of moths came out of me. The moths attracted birds, ___1____ in turn provided food for bigger animals. ____2____ (gradual), the gardens were filled with life and color. The king was very ____3____ (pride) of his gardens, in which thousands of creatures representing hundreds of species now lived. They turned the gardens ____4____ a paradise that everyone enjoyed. I was old, withered and dry, and ____5____ turned out that I was the only thing in the gardens that the king disliked. Then one day the king had me cut down and ____6____ (replace) with fountains. But to his surprise, all the animals living in the gardens ____7____ (go) in time. The king sent for advisers, ___8____ none of them came up with a solution. Many years passed before a young man ____9____(present) himself to the king. He pointed out that it was the “moth poo” that played a key role in keeping life balanced. The king took his ____10_____ (explain) seriously. He wanted to recreate the former beauty of his gardens. However, it would take many years to restore the balance of nature, for I was delicate. 答案：一、七选五1. B 2. G 3. D 4. A 5. F 二、完形填空1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C 三、缺词填空1. which 2. Gradually 3. proud 4. into 5. it 6. replaced 7. were gone 8. but 9. presented 10. explanation 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A 1. Scenic landscapes on stamps: A nine-day tour in the cities of Xuzhou,Suqian and Huai'an in northern Jiangsu province. This route is associated with local culture, characteristics, and creativity. It offers a taste of the famous canal cities. 2.Life on the Grand Canal: A seven-day Jiangsu tour through the cities of Nanjing, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou and Suzhou. This route presents the most authentic, economic, cultural and entertainment-focused activities along the canal from both ancient and modern times. I allows visitors to ride in boats and observe local fishermen fishing. 3.Food, culture, leisure and health; Seven-day experience of local life in Zhenjiang Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou To increase tourists’ interest in the traditional culture and crafts of Jiangsu, the route will include pottery, embroidery(刺绣), paper-cutting, cooking and other hands-on experiences. It includes scenic spots along the Beijing-Hangzhou Gran Canal, ancient water towns, historical streets and ancient fishing villages. Visitors can join in the recreational farmhouse experience and pick up both fruits and vegetables 4．A walk into history: Six-day tour in Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai’an, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Wuxi The Beiing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the entire province and has been a part of Jiangsu's culture for thousands of years. Inspired by the canal, the route includes historical cities Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai'an, Yangzhou along with Zheniang Changzhou and Wuxi. 1. Which of the following do the four travel routes share? A. A time duration of less than a week. B. Ancient towns in southern Jiangsu. C. The Grand Canal. D. The city of Suqian. 2. Which route is the best for an in-depth tourist who wants to cover fewer cities with more time? A. Route 1 B. Route 2 C. Route 3 D. Route 4. 3. What can you enjoy in the route only covering Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang? A. Rowing a boat. B. Trying on paper-cutting. C. Growing vegetables. D. Fishing with local villagers. B Although it’ll take weeks to harvest all of their cabbage, farmers in a town in Pingdu, Shandong province, have started preparing to sell the vegetables to overseas markets. Li Wenbin, who runs a vegetable trading business in the town of Renzhao, said his fresh vegetable sales to overseas markets mainly in Japan, South Korea and Malaysia doubled to 20,000 metric tons last year due to high demand for kimchi, a dietary staple in South Korea. South Korea suffered from an abnormally long rainy season and three typhoons last year that damaged large amounts of Chinese cabbage, the major ingredient(原料) for kimchi, creating high demand for the vegetable. “Based on the current performance of vegetable exports in parts of southern China, such as in Fujian province, we predict this year’s business won’t be sad,” said Li, adding that he is confident because vegetables from Renzhao are competitive in terms of quality and price. Around 120 kilometers west of Pingdu, vegetable traders in Shouguang, Weifang, one of the country’s major vegetable production bases, have started exporting this year’s carrots. Pei Shengji, manager of Zhonglong Food, headquartered in Shouguang, said the harvesting of the company’s 65-hectare carrot growing base in Fujian is in full swing. All of the carrots will be processed and shipped to overseas markets. What’s more, Shandong province is developing seeds to meet diverse needs for quality crops, which helps to support the agricultural sector. “The seed developed domestically brings rich harvests. The Chinese cabbage tastes good and is good for being preserved,” he said. Besides, it’s much cheaper than foreign seeds. Unlike Li, who can choose quality Chinese cabbage seeds developed in China, Pei has to spend more buying foreign seeds because there are no domestically developed carrot seeds available. According to Weifang’s five-year plan, the seeds of medium-and high-end vegetables such as bell peppers, broccoli and carrots will be researched and developed. 4. Why did the fresh vegetable sales to markets in South Korea double last year? A. Chinese cabbage tastes better than others. B. Kimchi is a favourite food in South Korea. C. China has a vegetable trade with South Korea. D. Vegetables there experienced climatic disasters. 5. What is Li Wenbin’s attitude to Chinese vegetable trading business? A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Pessimistic. 6. What does the underlined part “in full swing” in Paragraph 6 mean? A. In ruins. B. Under way. C. In the dark. D. On the scene. 7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Pei bought foreign carrot seeds at a lower price. B. Overseas markets are fond of Chinese vegetables. C. More seeds in high quality will appear in the future. D. All the seeds developed in Shandong are not productive. C Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have transformed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities. The median income (中位收入) recorded in the United States of America was about $63,000 in 2018. TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month — $360,000 a year. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads, simply by posting a 15-second video. This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens, and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive. While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that hsows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in turn affect our individual work ethics (伦理). What about the people who miss birthdays and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers? Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc., had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good, technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it’s only online.” Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous of a 15-second video teach young people? 8. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Social networking. B. Making money on social media. C. A job offered by TikTok. D. Staying connected to the Internet. 9. Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users? A. They tend to live an adult life too soon. B. They are forced to pay for certain services. C. They may abandon other social media. D. They are likely to develop false values. 10. What can we infer from Richard Colyer’s comments? A. TikTok can be a positive influence if teens employ it wisely. B. Young TikTokers should be banned form making money. C. It is better to involve education on investment in TikTok videos. D. Contents of videos need checking before their release online. 11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Say No to TikTok. B. Join Young TikTokers C. TikTok — A Mine of Money D. A Job vs An Entertainment D The common cuttlefish is just as smart as a human child when it comes to a certain cognitive test, according to a new research. When given the sweet test, which tests a person’s ability to understand delayed satisfaction, cuttlefish passed with flying colors. In the classic psychological experiment, a child is given a sweet with the instructions that if they can resist eating the sweet treat for 15 minutes, they’ll be given another and allowed to eat both. “Cuttlefish in the present study were all able to wait for the better reward and tolerated delays for up to 50-130 seconds, which is comparable to what we see in some clever animals such as monkeys, crows and parrots,” said lead author Alexandra Schnell. The researchers found the cuttlefish that delayed satisfaction for longer had better learning performance. Six common cuttlefish were placed in a tank with two clear boxes. One had a live grass shrimp — their favorite food and the other had a less appetizing shrimp. Researchers painted symbols on the doors. Triangle is for a delayed opening, and circle is for opening straight away. When presented with their favourite food behind the triangle door, all the cuttlefish chose to wait. The study also tested the cuttlefish’s ability to learn, by switching the symbols on the doors and what they meant. The cuttlefish that learnt to adapt to the changes fastest also scored the longest delayed satisfaction scores. While researchers don’t know the exact reasons for their intelligence, they suspect it’s something to do with the way of gathering food. “Cuttlefish spend most of their time hiding, sitting and waiting, having short dining time. They don’t hide when they dine, so they are exposed to their enemies. We assume that delayed satisfaction may have evolved as a byproduct of this, so the cuttlefish can benefit by waiting to choose better quality food.” said Schnell. 12. Why is the classic psychological experiment mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To show children’s ability to tolerate. B. To attach importance to the researchers. C. To state children prefer to have sweets. D. To prove cuttlefish are highly intelligent. 13. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Why the researchers design the test. B. How the experiment is carried out. C. How the cuttlefish recognize shapes. D. What the cuttlefish’s favorite food is. 14. The cuttlefish’s intelligence may be a result of . A. the walls having ears. B. letting the cat out of the bag. C. the survival of the fittest. D. putting the cart before the horse. 15. Where is the passage most likely from? A. A newspaper on science. B. A website on table manners. C. A brochure on education. D. A magazine on fashion design. 答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 2、 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，从互联网（the Internet）上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡（Singapore）举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。 内容主要包括： 1.自我介绍（包括英语能力）； 2.参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）； 3.希望获准。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Sir or Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Regards, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and I’d like to take part in it. I’ve been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English. What is more, I’ll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp. Looking forward to your reply! Regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给一个国际中学生组织写信，申请在新加坡举办的夏令营。 【详解】1.词汇积累 公布：post→publish 感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in 不同的：different→various 能够：be able to =can 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’ve been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English. 拓展句：Because I’ve been learning English for 10 years, I speak fluent English. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. (运用了同位语) [高分句型2] I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. (运用了that引导的定语从句) 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sally was only eight years old when she heard Mommy and Daddy talking about her little brother, Georgy. He was very sick and the doctors told them that only a very expensive operation could save his life. However, his family could not afford it. Sally heard Daddy say sadly, “Only a miracle (奇迹) can save him now.” Sally went to her bedroom and found her piggy bank. She shook all the money out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she put all the money in her pocket and made her way to a drugstore (药店). She waited patiently for the storekeeper to give her attention, but he was busy talking to another well-dressed man. Sally cleared her throat. No good. Then she took out a coin from her pocket and threw it onto the glass counter (柜台). That did it! “What do you want?” the storekeeper asked angrily. “Can’t you see I’m talking to my brother?” “Well, I want to talk to you about my brother,” Sally answered back bravely. “He’s sick, and I want to buy a miracle.” “I beg your pardon,” said the storekeeper. “My Daddy says only a miracle can save him now, so how much does a miracle cost?” “We don’t sell miracles here, little girl. I can’t help you.” “Listen, I have the money to pay for it. Just tell me how much it costs.” Then that well-dressed man asked, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?” “I don’t know,” Sally answered. Tears started to rush into her eyes. “I just know he’s really sick and Mommy says he needs an operation. But my family doesn’t have enough money, so I have brought all my money. I love my little brother.” “How much do you have?” asked the well-dressed man. “A dollar and eleven cents,” Sally answered. “And that’s all the money I have.” 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: “Well, I can help you,” said the well-dressed man. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: It wasn’t long until Georgy was home again. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Paragraph 1: “Well, I can help you,” said the well-dressed man. “What a coincidence,” smiled the well-dressed man. A dollar and eleven cents was the exact price of a miracle to save a little brother. He took her money in one hand and with the other hand he grasped her mitten and said “Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents.” That well-dressed man was a renowned surgeon, specializing in solving Georgy’s malady. The operation was completed without charge. Paragraph 2: It wasn’t long until Georgy was home again. His body was recovering well. Mommy and Daddy were happily talking about the chain of events that had led them to this place. “That surgery,” Mommy whispered. “It’s like a miracle. I wonder how much it would have cost. Sally smiled to herself. She knew exactly how much a miracle cost. That’s one dollar and eleven cents plus the faith of a little child. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了小女孩萨利听到父母说弟弟乔治病的很重，但家里没有足够的钱给他做手术，只有买到“奇迹”才能救弟弟，便把自己存的钱拿了出来，偷偷到药店为弟弟买“奇迹”。这感人的一幕正好被店主的哥哥看到，他问萨利有多少钱，萨利说自己只有一美元十一美分。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容““好吧，我可以帮你，”穿着考究的男人说。”可知，第一段可描写男人到底是谁和他是如何帮助萨利的。 ②由第二段首句内容“没过多久，乔治又回家了。”可知，第二段可描写乔治康复回家后，家人们对这次经历的感受和萨利的感悟。 2.续写线索：男人决定帮助萨利——男人是医生——乔治接受了治疗——乔治康复回家——家人们的感受——萨利的感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.抓住：grasp/catch hold of ②.低语，小声说话：whisper/speak in a low voice ③.暗笑：smile to oneself/laugh in one’s heart 情绪类 ①.高兴地：happily/with pleasure ②.确切地（知道）：(know) exactly/(know) for sure 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Mommy and Daddy were happily talking about the chain of events that had led them to this place. （由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]. That well-dressed man was a renowned surgeon, specializing in solving Georgy’s malady. （现在分词作状语） 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $