Unit5 知识总结与拓展(中)2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦7A Unit 5核心知识，以语音与语法为支架构建学习脉络。语音部分系统梳理10对清浊辅音，通过例词对比帮助学生辨析发音规则。语法板块重点讲解名词分类、复数变化规则及所有格用法，结合need的动词、名词、情态动词用法实例，辅以当堂练习巩固，形成从基础认知到应用实践的完整链条。 资料特色在于立足语言能力培养，通过表格对比清浊辅音、量词搭配实例（如a piece of cheese）直观呈现知识点，助力学生提升语音辨析与语法应用能力。设计中融入思维品质训练，如名词可数与不可数分类、复数规则归纳，引导学生逻辑分析。当堂练习及答案解析便于课中教师针对性教学，课后学生可自主查漏补缺，有效提升学习效率与知识掌握度。

7A Unit 5知识总结与拓展(中) 【7A Unit 5 Pronunciation语音知识总结】 Consonants (II): 辅音(II) 辅音里面共有10对是清浊成对的, 区别在于清辅音发音时声带是不振动的, 浊辅音发音时声带是振动的。 清辅音(例词) 浊辅音(例词) 清辅音(例词) 浊辅音(例词) /p/ (pen) /b/ (big) /ʃ/ (ship) /ʒ/ (usual) /t/ (tea) /d/ (day) /θ/ (thank) /ð/ (with) /k/ (key) /g/ (go) /tʃ/ (chair, watch) /dʒ/ (joke, giraffe ) /s/ (seven) /z/ (zoo , his) /ts/ (cats) /dz/ (friends ) /f/ (fat) /v/ (very) /tr/ (try) /dr/ (drive) 【当堂练习】 ( )1. A. school B. China C. chair D. teach ( )2. A. of B. five C. fly D. family ( )3. A. thank B. think C. other D. three ( )4. A. zoo B. always C. pens D. bikes ( )5. A. wait B. visit C. picture D. time ( )6. A. glasses B. watches C. boxes D. worries ( )7. A. cats B. cards C. reads D. friends ( )8. A. soup B. enough C. young D. country ( )9. A. who B. where C. whole D. whose ( )10. A. sugar B. snack C. score D. sweet 【答案】AACDC DAAAA 【7A Unit 5 Grammar】 【重难点知识精讲】 知识点1. a piece of cheese. (P 62) 【答案】一片奶酪 【词组】①a piece of news ②a piece of work ③a piece of paper ④ a piece of chalk ⑤a piece of wood ⑥a piece of land 【答案】①一则新闻 ②一项工作 ③一张纸 ④一支粉笔 ⑤一块木头 ⑥一块地 【注意】1)a piece of + n.作主语时, 谓语动词用 (单数/复数); 2)pieces of+n.作主语时, 谓语动词用 (单数/复数)。 【答案】单数; 复数 e.g. There is a piece of cake in the fridge. 冰箱里有一块蛋糕。 I think four pieces of paper are enough for me. 我认为四张纸对我来说足够了。 【拓展1】其他常用的“量词” 1)a loaf/ləʊf/ of bread 一条面包 2)a slice/slaɪs/ of: bread, cake, pizza 一片面包/蛋糕, 一块披萨 3)a bar/bɑː(r)/ of: chocolate, soap 一块巧克力/肥皂 4)a grain/ɡreɪn/ of: rice, sand 一粒米/沙 5)a drop of: water, rain 一滴水/雨 【拓展2】“a piece of cake”常用作习语, 表示 “非常容易的事, 小菜一碟” e.g. Don’t worry, fixing this is a piece of cake for him. 别担心, 修理这个对他来说是小菜一碟。 【翻译】你一次能吃多少块蛋糕? 【答案】How many pieces of cake can you eat/have at a time? 知识点2. What food do we need for our class party? (P 62) 【回顾】need的相关用法 ①I need to get some sleep. 我需要睡会儿觉。 ②There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow. 你明天不必早起。 ③I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. 这工作很危险, 这就不用我说了。 总结: 【答案】①need vt.需要, 后可接名词/代词。常用短语:need (sb) to do sth 需要(某人)做某事 其否定形式为: don’t/doesn’t /didn’t need (sb) to do sth 不需要/没必要做某事 【答案】②need n.需要, 常用短语句型:1)people in need 有需要的人 2)in need of sth 需要某物 3)There is no need (for sb) to do sth. (某人)不必做某事 【答案】③need modal v.需要, 后接动词原形, 多用于否定句、疑问句中。常用短语: needn’t do sth 不需要/没必要做某事 【翻译】如果你觉得无意义了, 你就没有必要再等他了。 【答案】If you think/feel it’s meaningless, you don’t need to wait for him. 知识点3. Maybe we should get some cakes and bread. (P 62) 【词汇】maybe [词性词义], 其同义词为:perhaps/pəˈhæps/, 通常放在句首, 修饰整个句子。 e.g. Maybe it will do me some good to go for a run. 也许这对我跑步有益。 It will cost two, maybe three hundred pounds. 这个要花二百英镑, 或许三百英镑。 【辨析】maybe与may be 1)maybe adv.或许, 表示不确定性。它通常放在句首, 修饰整个句子。结构:Maybe+主语+谓语... 2)may be是两个词。may是情态动词, be是系动词(是)。它们一起构成句子的谓语部分, 表示“可能是”某种情况。结构:主语+ may be+... e.g. Maybe it will rain tomorrow. He may be at home now. 【翻译】1.我不确定, 但或许这是真的吧。 2.或许我们今晚可以去看电影。 【答案】1.I’m not sure, but maybe it is true./I’m not sure, but it may be true. 2.Maybe/perhaps we can go to the movies tonight. 知识点4. 词组表达: 1.refer/rɪˈfɜː(r)/ to something we can not count/kaʊnt/ [拓展1]refer to常用词意总结 ①Her mother never referred to him again. [refer to: ] ②This paragraph refers to the events of last year. [refer to: ] ③You may refer to your notes if you want. [refer to: ] [拓展2]Every point in this game counts. 这场比赛每一分都很重要。 [count vi.重要 = matter] 【答案】指的是我们无法计数的东西(count v.数数);①谈及,说起 ②涉及, 与…相关 ③查阅, 参考 2.some exceptions/ɪkˈsepʃn/ 【答案】一些例外 3.the amount/əˈmaʊnt/ of ... [拓展]①the number of .... ②a number of e.g. The number of students in our school is increasing. 我们学校学生的数量正在增加。 A number of students in my class are ill today. 我班上许多学生今天生病了。 【答案】......的数量; ......的数量[作主语, 谓语动词用单数];大量, 许多[作主语, 谓语动词用复数] 4.谈论为班级聚会准备的食物 【答案】talk about food for a class party 5.一包盐 e.g. It tasted slightly salty. [salty: ] 【答案】a packet of salt; adj.咸的 6.喜食甜食的人 7.pay attention/əˈtenʃn/ to doing sth 【答案】6.people with a sweet tooth; 7.注意做某事 8.talk with your partner about what food you need for a class party 【答案】和你的同伴/搭档讨论班级聚会需要什么食物 9.四千克肉 五盒牛奶 六瓶果汁 【答案】four kilos of meat; five cartons of milk; six bottles of juice 10.在图片的帮助下 【答案】with the help of the pictures 11.三个玩具火车 [拓展]Sue is training to be a doctor. (train: ) 【答案】three toy trains; v.训练 【7A Unit 5 Grammar 语法知识讲练】 名词用法总结 【语法1】名词分类 名词可以分为两大类: 专有名词和普通名词。(了解即可) 专有名词: 表示特定的人、地方、机构、节日等, 首字母必须大写。 例如: China(中国), Beijing(北京), Einstein(爱因斯坦), the Great Wall(长城), Christmas(圣诞节) 普通名词: 表示一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念。普通名词又可细分为四类: 个体名词: 表示单个的人或事物。 例如: teacher(老师), city(城市), book(书), dog(狗) 集体名词: 表示一群人或事物的总称。 例如: family(家庭), team(团队), class(班级) 物质名词: 表示无法分为个体的物质、材料或实体。例如: water(水), air(空气), rice(米), steel(钢) 抽象名词: 表示状态、品质、情感等抽象概念。 例如: love(爱), happiness(幸福), time(时间), ✸重要概念: 可数名词与不可数名词(重点) 可数名词: 可以用数目来计算的名词(个体名词和大多数集体名词)。有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词前用a 还是an是由单词的第一个字母的读音是元音还是辅音决定的。 例如: a book(一本书) → two books(两本书), a useful/ˈjuːsfl/ book 不可数名词: 不可以用数目来计算的名词(物质名词和抽象名词)。没有复数形式, 不能直接与不定冠词a/an连用。例如: water(水), advice(建议), information(信息)等。表示数量时, 需要用“数量词+ of”的结构: a piece of paper(一张纸), a bottle of water(一瓶水), two cups of coffee(两杯咖啡) 【语法2】名词的变化规则 1.可数名词由单数变复数的规则如下表: 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map→maps 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ 1)bag→bags 2)car→cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读/iz/ 1)bus→buses 2)watch→watches 3)wish→wishes 4) box→boxes 以se等结尾 加 -s 读/iz/ horse→horses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby→babies 以f或fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为v, 再加es 读 /vz/ 1)shelf(架子)→shelves 2)wolf(狼)→wolves 3)life→lives 4)knife(刀子)→knives. 5)wife→wives 6)half→halves (*giraffe(长颈鹿) →giraffes) 2.以o结尾的词,变复数时有两种情况: ①加“es”: hero→heroes; mango→mangoes; potato→potatoes; tomato→tomatoes;*mosquito→mosquitoes(蚊子) ②只加“s”:photo→photos; piano→pianos; kilo→kilos; radio→radios; zoo→zoos; bamboo(竹子)→bamboos 3.不规则变化: ①单复数同形: 1)Chinese→Chinese 2) fish→fish(fishe表示鱼的种类) 3)deer→dee(鹿); ①单复数同形: 4)Japanese→Japanese 5)sheep→sheep *6)spacecraft→spacecraft(宇宙飞船) ②变元音字母oo为ee: 1)tooth→teeth 2)foot→feet *3)goose/ɡuːs/→geese /ɡiːs/鹅(但: boot—boots(靴子)) ③变man为men:1)man→men 2)woman→women 3)Englishman→Englishmen ③变man为men:4)policeman→policemen 5)Frenchman→Frenchmen 请区别:1)German(德国人)→Germans 2)Walkman(随身听) —Walkmans ④其它形式: 1)child→children 2)mouse→mice 4.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)将中心词变为复数: 1)girl friend→girl friends 2)apple tree→apple trees (2)man,woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数 1)a man doctor→men doctors 2)a woman teacher→women teachers 5.常以复数形式出现的名词:people, clothes, (the) police, trousers, glasses。作主语时, 注意它们的谓语用复数: 1)My clothes are newer than yours. 2)The police often come here. 6.有些名词既可以作可数名词, 也可以作不可数名词, 但意思却不同。 单词 可数名词词意 不可数名词词意 glass chicken work room time orange paper 【答案】玻璃杯, 玻璃; 鸡, 鸡肉; 工作, 著作; 房间, 空间; 时间, 次数/倍; 橙子, 橙汁; 报纸/论文, 纸 7.其他注意事项 1)不可数名词说明其数量时, 要用有关计量名词。需要注意复数是在量词上作变化。 如: a bag of rice → two bags of rice; a piece of paper → three pieces of paper 2)①How (many/much) cups of tea (be) there on the desk? 2)②How (many/much) tea (be) there on the desk? 【答案】①many; are ②much; is 3)①There (be) a basket of apples and two baskests of pears on the ground. 2)②This pair of shoes (be) cheap. 【答案】①is ②is 【语法3】名词所有格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下: (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。例句如下: Children’s Day(儿童节); Mother’s Day(母亲节); my sister’s book (我姐姐的书); men’s room (男厕所) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如: Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 例句如下: today’s newspaper(今天的报纸); ten minutes’ walk( ); China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。of 译为“……的”。 如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿); a map of China( ) ; the name of the cat ( ) 【答案】10分钟的步行路程; 中国地图; 那只猫的名字 (5)① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如: my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) (5)②如果两个名词并列, 并且分别有's, 则表示“两者分别有”(共有两个);只有一个’s, 则表示“两者共有” (只有一个)。如: John’s and Mary’s rooms(两间)　　John and Mary’s room(两人合用一间) 【当堂练习】 一、用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1.---Can you see that little (sheep) I bought yesterday? 1.---Maybe over there, because I saw many (sheep) when I walk past the farm. 2.I will take some (photo) of the view. 3.She bought two (bottle) of (water) for her younger brothers. 4.How many (person) are coming to the meeting? 5.As the autumn comes, the (leaf) on the tree turn yellow. 6.Why do their (dictionary) look almost new?   7.The baby has only two (tooth) now.   8.---What do they do? ---They are (woman) doctors.  【答案】1.sheep;sheep 2.photos 3.bottles; water 4.people 5.leaves 6.dictionaries 7.teeth 8.women 二、单项选择 ( )1.Would you please give me _________? A. a paper B. some paper C. a piece of paper D. B or C ( )2.My uncle is teaching three _________ how _________ English. A. childs; to learn B. children; to learn C. children; learning D. childs; learning ( )3.All the _________ teachers and _________ students are playing basketball on the playground. A. men; boy B. men; boys C. man; boy D. man;boys ( )4.We need to gather more _________ before making a decision(决定). A. information B. informations C. piece of information D. an information ( )5.This is not my book. It’s _________. A. my B. Tom C. Toms’ D. Tom’s ( )6.There _________ some interesting news in today’s newspaper. A. is B. are C. have D. has ( )7.Physics _________ a very interesting subject. A. are B. is C. were D. have been 【答案】DBAADAB 4 第 1 页 共 3 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $