专题06 七选五（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高三英语上学期

专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石景山区·期末） Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. 1 . For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. 2 . The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. 3 . For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. 4 . This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. 5 . Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A．This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B．Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C．It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D．While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E．Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F．But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G．Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） The Power of “Like” Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. And most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family. Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. 1 Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts. 2 According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. 3 Seeing someone else’s popular photo, however, doesn’t necessarily turn it on. More likely, it may affect behavioral attitudes. 4 In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens to check whether they make similar changes when using social media. They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable. 5 That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do. A like is a social cue. Teens use it to learn how to navigate their social world. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have complex results. All tech users will be thoughtful about social media. A．As a result, that popularity can feed on itself. B．It’s no surprise that feedback from peers affects how teens behave. C．Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center. E．For example, images related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. F．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them. G．But those ”likes“ can have power that goes beyond a simple connection. 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市顺义区·期末） Experienced negotiators know that those who ask for more, get more. 1 It works in any important communication opportunity, such as asking for help or getting approval from your senior leadership on an important project. Researchers have proven that knowing what you want increases the chances you get it. If you’re explaining a situation to someone, it may be the first time they’ve thought about it. 2 Then your asking acts as a base for their final decision. Being clear about what you want also makes you look more reliable. Decision makers generally don’t like people bringing problems without a solution. They may not agree with the solution, but they will appreciate that you’ve thought about it. In fact, figuring out what to recommend will force you to think deeply and clearly about the situation, which will improve the quality of the end product. 3 Asking for what you want may feel pushy, but it actually puts the other person at ease. Being clear up front about your ask respects the relationship by reducing tension. 4 You know they want something but they don’t get right to the point, so you feel more and more uncomfortable as they beat around the bush, because you’ re wondering where they’ re going with it. 5 But if you were going to end up with a no anyway, it’s better to lose early than late. Besides saving time, it may avoid an extended debate which makes the other person stick even more to their own position. A．But it’s not limited to negotiation situations. B．You do run the risk of getting a quick rejection. C．We have a tendency to overestimate the chance of rejection. D．And this is the best final driver of your personal trustworthiness. E．Think of the times that someone has approached you for a request. F．Most communication situations benefit from being direct in your ask. G．There is a good chance that they will be slightly uncertain about what to do. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. 1 Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? 2 But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. 3 Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. 4 Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. 5 By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A．It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B．They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C．While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D．In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E．Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F．Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G．This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市通州区·期末） For college applicants, the essay is the place to showcase their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. And it is a student’s chance to really speak directly to the admissions office, to make a good impression and to boost their chances of being accepted. 1 This can feel like a lot of pressure. 2 They tend to be broad, open-ended questions, giving students the freedom to write about a wide range of topics. In fact, it’s challenging to think of putting your whole life in one essay. Students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are. 3 There are certain types of essays that typically stand out to admissions officers. What’s most important is that a college essay is thoughtful. 4 Think of the college essay as a meaningful glimpse of who you are beyond your other application materials. After reading your essay, the reader won’t fully know you — at least not entirely. Your objective is to excite the reader’s curiosity and make them eager to get to know you. But you should avoid hyperbole (夸张), which can lose the readers’ trust. 5 If students are having trouble brainstorming potential topics, they can ask friends or family members for help. Students can ask peers or family members questions such as, “What are the things you think I do well?” Or, “What are my oddities?” A．It’s also wise to avoid using irrelevant adverbs and adjectives. B．But they have only several hundred words to make that happen. C．It tells a story that offers insight into who a student is as a person. D．However, college applicants usually encounter potentials in the essay. E．Students can also write about what illustrates an aspect of their background. F．So students need to outline their essay before jumping into the actual writing. G．There are usually several essay topics to choose from for a college application. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） As winter approaches, we encounter not only the physical darkness but also the darkness of various global and personal challenges. 1 We can start by appreciating the natural beauty around us. 2 I also appreciate observing the wildlife around me, such as birds that skip around my driveway, providing a sense of life and movement in the otherwise still and cold winter landscape. For other kinds of light, we can turn to our friends and family. Nothing feels more like sunlight than walking into a room full of people who are happy to see me. I think of my family on special occasions, their shining eyes radiating love. 3 . 4 Reading a poetry book, listening to a beautiful piece of music, or admiring a painting can all bring a sense of peace and inspiration. These works can help us see the world in a new way, finding beauty and meaning even in the darkest moments. Moreover, spiritual practices can provide a sense of inner peace and light. 5 . Different people have different practices, but they all serve as a source of strength and guidance during difficult times. No matter how dark the days, we can find light in our own hearts, and we can be one another’s light. We can shine light out to everyone we meet. A．We see disasters on our screens. B．In our darkest moments, art also creates a ray of light. C．I prefer walking outside, challenging myself against the cold. D．Whatever is happening, we can still find light even during difficult times. E．Similarly, spending time with friends, brings warmth and joy to our hearts. F．I take walks outside, enjoying the beauty of snow that shines like diamonds. G．For some, this may involve silence, journaling, or readings from inspirational leaders. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市昌平区·期末） You’re standing in line at the grocery store or waiting for an elevator. You have no more than a minute to kill. And yet, before you’ve even realized what you’re doing, you’ve pulled out your phone and have begun to mindlessly scroll (滚屏) through apps. 1 Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it. We' re so used to constant stimulation that we feel uncomfortable when we’re not doing anything, even for just a few seconds. Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want. 2 A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm. 3 Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive. 4 When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury. If you want to break the habit of constant checking, you’ll have to work at it. Building awareness is a good way. 5 For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task. A．Checking your phone is often automatic. B．There's also a mental-health element to consider. C．Of course our minds can't help but feed themselves. D．Start going without your phone for set periods of time. E．The urge to check your phone is often related to stress relief. F．Take a moment to ask yourself what is driving your behavior. G．But it's also worth considering how all those little checks add up. 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） We humans are comparison creatures. 1 This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. 2 What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. 3 When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. 4 It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. 5 A．We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. B．Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. C．Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. D．We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E．We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. F．Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. G．This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市朝阳区·期末） When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. 1 The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose. Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. 2 Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about. 3 Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music. Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. 4 The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. 5 However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation. A．When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world. B．Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face. C．They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance. D．Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument. E．Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression. F．Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd. G．Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating. 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） When was the last time you looked at something or felt something and said, “Wow”? Recent studies found that a lot of people are in emotional distress. So how can you rediscover the joys in your day-to-day life and recapture that sense of childhood wonder? Here’s how you can find them. 1 Throughout the day, stop what you are doing to listen to music, play with a toy or doodle on a piece of paper. Stretching your brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate your imagination. Get creative. Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, modeling with clay, dancing, or writing in a journal, creative pursuits are a great place to find joy. 2 Turn off your phone and enjoy the silence. Technology can be a good thing and provide us with many opportunities, but it can also numb (使迟钝) us to the wows around us and be an ongoing distraction. Turn your phone off for one hour, a whole day or even an entire weekend. You could also try turning off the television, music or radio for a few minutes to give yourself some total silence. 3 Listen. Really listen. When was the last time you remembered everything someone said to you? 4 Having a new-found curiosity and consideration for the other person might lead you to some surprising discoveries and take you outside of yourself. Get out of your comfort zone. Finding opportunities where you can push yourself out of your comfort zone will also give you a better chance of finding a wow experience. 5 Even attempting a 5k when you are not quite ready for a marathon can really help. A．Take a play break. B．Change your routine. C．This doesn’t have to mean a big, life-changing activity. D．This can help take you back to a childlike state, in a world of wonder. E．When talking to other people, try to be present with whoever you are with. F．Take a minute to notice and really pay attention to where you are, what you’re doing and what’s going on around you. G．What’s more, when you find flow in a creative activity, you might find inspiration for other areas of your life. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石朝阳区·期末） Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”. 1 However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage. 2 Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health. It isn’t surprising that we want to believe things will turn out better if we have positive attitude. After all, there is a growing body of research indicating that an optimistic outlook on life does have benefits, such as promoting physical health, boosting energy, and reducing stress. It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant. 3 Nevertheless, it is becoming apparent that positivity has its limits. In 2021, a meta-analysis with more than 217, 000 participants investigated the link between optimism, pessimism and mortality. It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. 4 How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions. 5 The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. A．We need to accept them as a normal part of human experience. B．Our tendency to avoid the darker aspects of human experience isn’t new. C．When we experience them, we can become consumed, disturbed or inactive. D．Neglecting negative emotions is also found to be harmful to our mental health. E．They urge us to inject a bit of positive emotion into our day to gain the benefits. F．Positive chants like this are set to boost a person’s mood and feelings of self-worth. G．We are more likely to perceive normal emotions as mental problems needing treatment. 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. 1 . Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. 2 Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. 3 With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. 4 But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. 5 For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A．Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B．You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C．Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D．Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E．Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F．It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G．You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. 1 Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA． Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. 2 What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. 3 We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. 4 ” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “ 5 But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A．It’s a matter of biology. B．It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C．However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D．But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E．People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F．And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G．For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 1 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. 2 That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 3 And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. 4 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 5 And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A．Food is essential for our survival. B．These associations can go the other way, too. C．We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D．It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E．Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F．Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G．After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石景山区·期末） Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. 1 . For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. 2 . The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. 3 . For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. 4 . This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. 5 . Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A．This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B．Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C．It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D．While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E．Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F．But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G．Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，文章主要介绍了灵活工作安排的优缺点。 1．上文“Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so.(你更愿意拥有高工资，还是自由地在世界任何地方工作？根据一项调查，十名读者中有七人会考虑为了更多的额外收入和津贴接受较低的工资——十分之一的人肯定会这样做。)”指出，一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，这说明大部分人认为灵活工作与工作生活之间的平衡比金钱更重要，E项“灵活性和工作与生活的平衡现在对许多人来说比金钱回报更重要。”符合语境，对上文调查进行了总结，故选E。 2．上文“For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. (对于当今的劳动力，尤其是Z世代和千禧一代来说，福利远远超出了传统的福利包。他们非常注重工作与生活的平衡，职业晋升以及公司的文化和价值观。在所有这些价值中，灵活的工作安排排在首位。)”可知，如今人们更加注重工作的灵活性，空处承接上文，指出人们注重工作灵活性的原因，即工作灵活性的好处，C项“它提供了年轻员工寻求的独立性和自由。”符合语境。故选C。 3．下文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会增强职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作的缺点，D项“虽然灵活的工作安排提供了好处，但它们也有缺点。”符合语境，故选D。 4．上文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会加剧职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作安排的两个缺点，空处也应是介绍其缺点，G项“此外，那些喜欢灵活性的人通常被视为对自己的职业不太承诺。”符合语境，为下文“This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities.(这种信念可能会对他们获得晋升和领导机会的机会产生负面影响。)”中this belief所指，故选G。 5．上文“Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve.(展望未来，灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变。)”指出灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变，空处承接上文，指出灵活的工作存在的必要，A项“这是公司政策可以发挥关键作用的地方。”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） The Power of “Like” Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. And most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family. Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. 1 Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts. 2 According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. 3 Seeing someone else’s popular photo, however, doesn’t necessarily turn it on. More likely, it may affect behavioral attitudes. 4 In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens to check whether they make similar changes when using social media. They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable. 5 That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do. A like is a social cue. Teens use it to learn how to navigate their social world. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have complex results. All tech users will be thoughtful about social media. A．As a result, that popularity can feed on itself. B．It’s no surprise that feedback from peers affects how teens behave. C．Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center. E．For example, images related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink. F．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them. G．But those ”likes“ can have power that goes beyond a simple connection. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点赞对青少年产生的影响。 1．上文“Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch.(点击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法)”说明点赞是一种比较简单的保持联系方式，G项“但这些“赞”的力量可以超越简单的联系”与其紧密衔接，“a simple connection”与“an easy way to stay in touch”相呼应，并引出文章的主题，符合语境。故选G项。 2．上文“Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts.(在帖子上点击“点赞”可以增加浏览人数。如果其他人也喜欢某个帖子，新观众也更有可能喜欢它。许多社交媒体网站分享更多排名较高的帖子)”说明社交媒体网站分享排名较高的帖子，那么就可以吸引更多的人点赞，A项“因此，这种受欢迎程度可以靠自己来维持”承接上文，阐述了前面句子产生的结果，符合语境。故选A项。 3．上文“According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. (根据最近的研究，大量点赞观看自己的帖子会激活他们大脑中的奖励系统，尤其是对青少年来说。对青少年自己照片的积极回应(以许多赞的形式)告诉他们，他们的朋友很欣赏他们发布的材料)”提到青少年看到自己的帖子被点赞会激活他们大脑的奖励系统，D项“他们的大脑通过打开奖励中心来对这些赞做出反应”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。 4．下文“In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.(在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室里完成驾驶任务的青少年会承担更多的风险，这表明青少年正在改变自己的行为，试图获得社会认可)”说明青少年有朋友在身边时，他们会改变自己的行为，B项“毫不奇怪，来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为”与举例说明的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。 5．上文“They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable.(他们发现，受欢迎的照片可能会向他们发出信号，表明这些照片中的内容是社会可以接受的)”，空处承上启下，下文“That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.(这意味着你在网上喜欢的东西不仅能影响别人喜欢的东西，甚至能影响他们的行为)”，E项“例如，与酒精有关的图片可能会鼓励青少年饮酒”举例内容与上文观点一致，其中“images ”与上文photos”相对应，“may encourage teens to drink”与下文“influence not just what others like, but even what they do”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市顺义区·期末） Experienced negotiators know that those who ask for more, get more. 1 It works in any important communication opportunity, such as asking for help or getting approval from your senior leadership on an important project. Researchers have proven that knowing what you want increases the chances you get it. If you’re explaining a situation to someone, it may be the first time they’ve thought about it. 2 Then your asking acts as a base for their final decision. Being clear about what you want also makes you look more reliable. Decision makers generally don’t like people bringing problems without a solution. They may not agree with the solution, but they will appreciate that you’ve thought about it. In fact, figuring out what to recommend will force you to think deeply and clearly about the situation, which will improve the quality of the end product. 3 Asking for what you want may feel pushy, but it actually puts the other person at ease. Being clear up front about your ask respects the relationship by reducing tension. 4 You know they want something but they don’t get right to the point, so you feel more and more uncomfortable as they beat around the bush, because you’ re wondering where they’ re going with it. 5 But if you were going to end up with a no anyway, it’s better to lose early than late. Besides saving time, it may avoid an extended debate which makes the other person stick even more to their own position. A．But it’s not limited to negotiation situations. B．You do run the risk of getting a quick rejection. C．We have a tendency to overestimate the chance of rejection. D．And this is the best final driver of your personal trustworthiness. E．Think of the times that someone has approached you for a request. F．Most communication situations benefit from being direct in your ask. G．There is a good chance that they will be slightly uncertain about what to do. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要论述了明确自己需求并勇于提出的重要性，不仅限于谈判场合，在任何重要的沟通机会中都适用，如寻求帮助或获得高层领导对重要项目的批准。 1．根据前文“Experienced negotiators know that those who ask for more, get more.(经验丰富的谈判者知道，要求更多的人，得到的也会更多)”以及后文“It works in any important communication opportunity, such as asking for help or getting approval from your senior leadership on an important project.(它适用于任何重要的沟通机会，比如在一个重要项目上寻求帮助或获得高层领导的批准)”可知，前文讲述谈判技巧，后文讲述适用于任何重要的沟通机会，所以A项“But it’s not limited to negotiation situations.(但这并不局限于谈判场合)”和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。 2．根据前文“If you’re explaining a situation to someone, it may be the first time they’ve thought about it.(如果你正在向某人解释一种情况，这可能是他们第一次想到它)”以及后文“Then your asking acts as a base for their final decision.(然后你的请求作为他们最终决定的基础)”可知，上文提到别人可能是第一次想到，后文提到你的请求为他们做决定提供了基础，故空处是说他们不知如何做决定的情况，所以G项“There is a good chance that they will be slightly uncertain about what to do.(他们很有可能会有点不确定该怎么做)”承接上文，和下文构成顺承关系。故选G项。 3．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Being clear about what you want also makes you look more reliable. Decision makers generally don’t like people bringing problems without a solution. They may not agree with the solution, but they will appreciate that you’ve thought about it. In fact, figuring out what to recommend will force you to think deeply and clearly about the situation, which will improve the quality of the end product.(明确你想要什么也会让你看起来更可靠。决策者通常不喜欢人们提出没有解决方案的问题。他们可能不同意这个解决方案，但他们会感谢你的考虑。事实上，弄清楚要推荐什么会迫使你深入而清晰地思考情况，这将提高最终产品的质量)”可知，本段讲述明确你想要什么也会让你看起来更可靠，所以D项“And this is the best final driver of your personal trustworthiness.(这是你个人可信度最好的最终驱动因素)”和首句相呼应，对前文的总结。故选D项。 4．根据前文“Asking for what you want may feel pushy, but it actually puts the other person at ease. Being clear up front about your ask respects the relationship by reducing tension.(要求你想要的东西可能会让人觉得咄咄逼人，但这实际上会让对方放松。事先明确你的要求可以通过减少紧张来尊重你们的关系)”以及后文“You know they want something but they don’t get right to the point, so you feel more and more uncomfortable as they beat around the bush, because you’re wondering where they’re going with it.(你知道他们想要什么东西，但他们没有说到点子上，所以当他们拐弯抹角时，你会感到越来越不舒服，因为你不知道他们会怎么做)”可知，前文讲述要求你想要的东西会让对方放松，后文讲述自己的感受，所以空处应是过渡句，E项“Think of the times that someone has approached you for a request.(想想那些有人向你提出要求的时候)”符合文意，引出下文。故选E项。 5．空处和下文是转折关系，根据下文“But if you were going to end up with a no anyway, it’s better to lose early than late. Besides saving time, it may avoid an extended debate which makes the other person stick even more to their own position.(但如果你最终的结果是否定的，早输总比晚输好。除了节省时间，它可以避免长时间的辩论，使对方更加坚持自己的立场)”可知，下文是说好处，故B项“You do run the risk of getting a quick rejection.(你确实有被迅速拒绝的风险)”符合文意。故选B项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. 1 Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? 2 But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. 3 Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. 4 Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. 5 By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A．It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B．They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C．While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D．In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E．Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F．Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G．This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．E 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了犹豫的重要意义以及做出更明智的决定，我们可以采用具体的策略。 1．根据上文“Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate.(你的鼠标悬停在“立即购买”按钮上，你已经写好了文字，但无法让自己按下“发送”。你犹豫)”可知，选项承接上文说明这种现象的普遍性和被忽视性。故G选项“这种犹豫很常见，但在我们做决定的过程中却经常被忽视”切题。故选G项。 2．根据下文“But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. (但是我们并没有经常去倾听我们身体的声音。当我们集中注意力的时候，我们可以接触到很多非理性的信息，包括我们的直觉)”可知，选项承接下文说明我们的身体中藏着巨大的智慧。故C选项“虽然我们的思想无疑是强大的，但我们的身体也拥有丰富的智慧”切题。a wealth of wisdom呼应a lot of nonrational information。故选C项。 3．根据上文“Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations.(此外，我们的理性思维也有其局限性)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明局限性的内容。故B选项“它们在固定的框架内工作，可能与复杂的现实不匹配”切题。故选B项。 4．根据上文“One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait.(我们可以帮助自己做出具体决定的一种方法是注意到犹豫的时候，如果你有时间，等待)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明犹豫的时候该做的事情。故E选项“回顾一下你认为自己做出的决定，看看是否有什么不同”切题。故选E项。 5．根据下文“By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity.(通过整合理性和直觉的元素，我们可以更有信心和更清晰地处理复杂的选择)”可知，选项在总结全文强调了犹豫在决策中的重要作用且这种作用能够帮助我们处理复杂的选择。故D选项“从本质上讲，有效决策的关键在于将犹豫视为一种帮助”切题。故选D项。 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市通州区·期末） For college applicants, the essay is the place to showcase their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. And it is a student’s chance to really speak directly to the admissions office, to make a good impression and to boost their chances of being accepted. 1 This can feel like a lot of pressure. 2 They tend to be broad, open-ended questions, giving students the freedom to write about a wide range of topics. In fact, it’s challenging to think of putting your whole life in one essay. Students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are. 3 There are certain types of essays that typically stand out to admissions officers. What’s most important is that a college essay is thoughtful. 4 Think of the college essay as a meaningful glimpse of who you are beyond your other application materials. After reading your essay, the reader won’t fully know you — at least not entirely. Your objective is to excite the reader’s curiosity and make them eager to get to know you. But you should avoid hyperbole (夸张), which can lose the readers’ trust. 5 If students are having trouble brainstorming potential topics, they can ask friends or family members for help. Students can ask peers or family members questions such as, “What are the things you think I do well?” Or, “What are my oddities?” A．It’s also wise to avoid using irrelevant adverbs and adjectives. B．But they have only several hundred words to make that happen. C．It tells a story that offers insight into who a student is as a person. D．However, college applicants usually encounter potentials in the essay. E．Students can also write about what illustrates an aspect of their background. F．So students need to outline their essay before jumping into the actual writing. G．There are usually several essay topics to choose from for a college application. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中学生申请大学时写好申请书的几点建议。 1．根据上文“And it is a student’s chance to really speak directly to the admissions office, to make a good impression and to boost their chances of being accepted.(这是一个学生真正直接与招生办公室交谈的机会，给人留下好印象，提高他们被录取的机会)”以及根据下文“This can feel like a lot of pressure.(这会给你带来很大的压力)”可知，选项与上文为转折关关系，说明写申请遇到的困难。故B选项“但他们只有几百个字来实现这一目标”切题。故选B项。 2．根据下文“They tend to be broad, open-ended questions, giving students the freedom to write about a wide range of topics. (它们往往是宽泛的、开放式的问题，让学生可以自由地写各种各样的话题)”可知，选项承接下文说明论文主题的多样性。故G选项“大学申请通常有几个论文主题可供选择”切题，They指代的事topics。故选G项。 3．根据上文“Students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are.(学生们应该缩小范围，写一些具体的经历或爱好，从而展现一些个人的东西，比如他们的思维、价值观或者他们的优点)”可知，前文提到了写申请时要聚焦在哪些方面。故E选项“学生也可以写一些反映他们背景的方面。”切题，与上文是并列关系。故选E项。 4．根据上文“What’s most important is that a college essay is thoughtful.(最重要的是大学论文要深思熟虑)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明要写什么。故C选项“它讲述一个让我们了解到学生是一个什么样的人的故事”切题。故选C项。 5．根据上文“But you should avoid hyperbole (夸张), which can lose the readers’trust.( 但你应该避免夸张，否则会失去读者的信任)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明应该避免的内容。故A选项“避免使用不相关的副词和形容词也是明智的。”切题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） As winter approaches, we encounter not only the physical darkness but also the darkness of various global and personal challenges. 1 We can start by appreciating the natural beauty around us. 2 I also appreciate observing the wildlife around me, such as birds that skip around my driveway, providing a sense of life and movement in the otherwise still and cold winter landscape. For other kinds of light, we can turn to our friends and family. Nothing feels more like sunlight than walking into a room full of people who are happy to see me. I think of my family on special occasions, their shining eyes radiating love. 3 . 4 Reading a poetry book, listening to a beautiful piece of music, or admiring a painting can all bring a sense of peace and inspiration. These works can help us see the world in a new way, finding beauty and meaning even in the darkest moments. Moreover, spiritual practices can provide a sense of inner peace and light. 5 . Different people have different practices, but they all serve as a source of strength and guidance during difficult times. No matter how dark the days, we can find light in our own hearts, and we can be one another’s light. We can shine light out to everyone we meet. A．We see disasters on our screens. B．In our darkest moments, art also creates a ray of light. C．I prefer walking outside, challenging myself against the cold. D．Whatever is happening, we can still find light even during difficult times. E．Similarly, spending time with friends, brings warmth and joy to our hearts. F．I take walks outside, enjoying the beauty of snow that shines like diamonds. G．For some, this may involve silence, journaling, or readings from inspirational leaders. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在冬季来临之际，人们面临着各种挑战和黑暗。但即便如此，人们仍可以通过欣赏周围的自然美景，与朋友和家人相处，从艺术作品中获取力量，以及进行精神实践等方式来寻找光明。 1．根据上文“As winter approaches, we encounter not only the physical darkness but also the darkness of various global and personal challenges. (随着冬天的临近，我们遇到的不仅是物理上的黑暗，还有各种全球和个人挑战的黑暗。)”和下段第一句“We can start by appreciating the natural beauty around us. (我们可以从欣赏周围的自然美景开始。)”可知设空处为过渡句，既能承接上文所说的黑暗，又能引出下文的话题，寻找美丽和光明，所以D选项“无论发生什么，即使在困难的时候，我们仍然可以找到光明。”符合题意，故选D。 2．根据上文We can start by appreciating the natural beauty around us. (我们可以从欣赏周围的自然美景开始。)”可推知下文说明怎样去欣赏冬天的自然美景，所以F选项“我出去散步，欣赏像钻石一样闪闪发光的雪的美丽。”符合题意，故选F。 3．根据上文“For other kinds of light, we can turn to our friends and family. Nothing feels more like sunlight than walking into a room full of people who are happy to see me. I think of my family on special occasions, their shining eyes radiating love. (对于其他类型的光，我们可以求助于我们的朋友和家人。没有什么比走进一间满是高兴见到我的人的房间更像阳光了。在特殊的场合，我想起我的家人，他们闪闪发光的眼睛散发着爱的光芒。)”可知本段建议我们求助于朋友和家人，上文提到家人，所以空处应该是关于朋友的，所以E选项“同样的，和朋友在一起，给我们的心灵带来温暖和喜悦。”承接上文，紧扣本段主题，故选E。 4．根据下文“Reading a poetry book, listening to a beautiful piece of music, or admiring a painting can all bring a sense of peace and inspiration. These works can help us see the world in a new way, finding beauty and meaning even in the darkest moments. (读一本诗歌书，听一段优美的音乐，或欣赏一幅画都能带来平静和灵感。这些作品可以帮助我们以一种新的方式看待世界，即使在最黑暗的时刻也能找到美和意义。) ”可知本段说明艺术在黑暗时刻对我们的帮助，所以B选项“在我们最黑暗的时刻，艺术也创造了一束光。”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据下文“Different people have different practices, but they all serve as a source of strength and guidance during difficult times. (不同的人有不同的做法，但在困难时期，它们都是力量和指导的来源。)”可推断上文是一些人在困难时期的做法，所以G选项“对一些人来说，这可能包括沉默、写日记或阅读励志领袖的作品。”符合题意，并且选项中的“silence, journaling, or readings from inspirational leaders”对应上文的“spiritual practices”，故选G。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市昌平区·期末） You’re standing in line at the grocery store or waiting for an elevator. You have no more than a minute to kill. And yet, before you’ve even realized what you’re doing, you’ve pulled out your phone and have begun to mindlessly scroll (滚屏) through apps. 1 Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it. We' re so used to constant stimulation that we feel uncomfortable when we’re not doing anything, even for just a few seconds. Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want. 2 A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm. 3 Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive. 4 When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury. If you want to break the habit of constant checking, you’ll have to work at it. Building awareness is a good way. 5 For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task. A．Checking your phone is often automatic. B．There's also a mental-health element to consider. C．Of course our minds can't help but feed themselves. D．Start going without your phone for set periods of time. E．The urge to check your phone is often related to stress relief. F．Take a moment to ask yourself what is driving your behavior. G．But it's also worth considering how all those little checks add up. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．G 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了无意识看手机的现象、原因和改正措施。 1．根据下文“Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it.(研究表明，很多人都会做同样的事情。只有11%的人查看智能手机是为了回应通知。在其他时间里，他们完全没有计划地查看手机，通常也没有想过自己为什么这么做)”可知，本段主要将看手机是无意识的。故A选项“查看手机通常是无意识的”切题，适合为本段的标题。故选A项。 2．根据上文“Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want.(我们的大脑天生就会寻求知识、娱乐和社会联系等奖励。在我们指尖上有微型电脑之前，所有这些东西都很难找到。现在我们知道了。我们的手机基本上是我们大脑的自助餐，没完没了地、轻松地提供它们想要的东西)”可知，选项承接上文总结大脑的自我功能。故C选项“当然，我们的大脑会情不自禁地养活自己”切题。故选C项。 3．根据上文“A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm.(快速查看一下电话可能不会对你的大脑造成任何真正的伤害)”根据下文“Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive.(随着时间的推移，如果你在走路或开车的时候看手机，持续的滚动屏幕可能会对你的工作表现、人际关系、睡眠甚至人身安全产生负面影响)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明量的积累会产生负面的影响。故G选项“但同样值得考虑的是，所有这些小的查看加起来是多少”切题。故选G项。 4．根据下文“When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury.(当你屈服于你的欲望，查看你的手机，然后感到内疚，失败的感觉增加了伤害的羞耻)”可知，选项承接下文说明另一个考虑因素是心理健康。故B选项“还有一个心理健康因素需要考虑”切题。故选B项。 5．根据下文“For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task.(例如，下次当你发现自己在浏览短视频时，甚至没有吸收内容，想想你是真的想玩手机，还是你只是在推迟一个不那么有趣的任务)”可知，下文通过具体实例说明上文要反思自己的行为。故F选项“花点时间问问自己是什么驱使着你的行为”切题，与下文话题一致。故选F项。 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） We humans are comparison creatures. 1 This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. 2 What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. 3 When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. 4 It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. 5 A．We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. B．Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. C．Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. D．We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E．We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. F．Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. G．This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类生来喜爱比较，但互联网让人们比较的范围变得更大，对人们的生活也产生了一定影响。 1．根据上文“We humans are comparison creatures.(我们人类是比较动物)”以及后文“This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited.(这种品质可能是作为一种帮助我们融入我们所居住的文化的社会等级制度的手段而进化的)”可知，上文提到了人类是比较动物，且后文提到比较这种品质，可知本句主要对比较动物进行展开说明，说明人类爱和别人比较。故A选项“我们总是拿自己和别人比较”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文“Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world.(不幸的是，随着互联网的出现，我们现在可以将自己与世界上的任何人进行比较)”以及后文“What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable.(在我们的比较中，前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，难以企及)”可知，上文提到了互联网让我们可以和世界上的任何人进行比较，且后文提到了前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，说明互联网导致比较的群体发生了变化，C选项“因此，我们现在接触到的群体与我们完全不同”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据后文内容“When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”.(当这么多在互联网上很容易被发现的人看起来很成功的时候。名气、影响力和美貌，考虑到我们喜欢攀比，很难不影响我们对自己的看法。可悲的是，这些比较通常会导致我们感觉不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互联网的比较影响了我们对自己的看法，导致我们感觉不足和“不如”，说明这种比较对我们的心理产生了影响。故G选项“这种新的比较水平对我们的心理生活有着巨大的影响”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据上文“These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack.(这些有害的比较也会损害我们的情感生活。当我们感到匮乏时，我们会经历各种不愉快和不健康的情绪。我们对别人所拥有的和我们所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羡慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比较会损害情感生活，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要说明对别人的比较产生的一些负面情绪。故E选项“我们甚至会对别人的不公平感到痛苦和愤怒”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据上文“It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others.(意识到你和别人比较是一回事。认识到社会比较通常在心理和情感上对你有多方面的腐蚀性是另一回事。阻止自己和别人比较完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和别人进行比较是另一回事，本句为本段最后一句，故说明阻止自己和别人比较所带来的影响，故B选项“但这是可能的，而且为了你的心理健康，这是值得的”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市朝阳区·期末） When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. 1 The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose. Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. 2 Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about. 3 Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music. Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. 4 The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. 5 However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation. A．When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world. B．Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face. C．They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance. D．Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument. E．Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression. F．Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd. G．Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。音乐家演奏时不只是用手指演奏还会有身体动作，其中一个身体动作就是面部表情。文章主要介绍了音乐家演奏时使用面部表情给他们带来的好处。 1．上文“But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. (但您可能已经注意到一些奇怪的事情，大多数音乐家不只是用手指演奏。还包括适应歌曲节奏或舞蹈音乐的身体动作。)”可知，音乐家不仅用手指演奏，还会用身体动作，下文“The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose.(音乐家在演奏时表现出的面部表情对于局外人来说可能看起来很奇怪或疯狂，但所有这些表情实际上可能都是有目的的。)”指出了音乐家在演奏时的面部表情是什么样的，由此可知，空处应指出音乐家的身体动作之一就是面部表情，B项“其中最能体现这一点的身体部位显然就是脸部。”承上启下，them代指上文“body movements”，故选B。 2．上文“Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration.(首先，演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力)”指出演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力，所以音乐家会在演奏时完全沉浸于表演中，G项“音乐家经常进入一种“心流”状态，他们完全沉浸在他们正在创作的音乐中。”承接上文，故选G。 3．上文“Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance.(他们的面部表情可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力。)”指出面部表情的好处之一是可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力，下文“Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. (音乐家与他们演奏的音乐有着强烈的情感联系。他们经常用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪和诠释，从而创造出更具吸引力的音乐体验。)”指出音乐家用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪，E项“面部表情还可以帮助音乐家交流情感和艺术表达。”介绍了面部表情的其他好处，故选E。 4．上文“Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing.(表演现场音乐是一种相当紧张的体验，因此表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达这些紧张情绪。幸运的是，音乐家开始表演后，紧张往往很快就会消失)”指出表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达紧张情绪，但是音乐家在表演的时候不会出现紧张情绪，所以紧张情绪不是音乐家出现这些奇怪面部表情的原因，C项“它们可能不会成为整个表演过程中出现这些奇怪面孔的主要原因。”承接上文，they代指上文的nerves，故选C。 5．上文“Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization.(另一件有趣的事情是，面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响。一些研究表明，某些面部动作可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性)”指出面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响——可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性，空处承接上文，指出这种生理影响对音乐家表演时所带来的好处，D项“这种效果对于演奏乐器时控制肌肉特别有帮助。”符合语境，Such effects呼应上文的activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization，故选D。 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） When was the last time you looked at something or felt something and said, “Wow”? Recent studies found that a lot of people are in emotional distress. So how can you rediscover the joys in your day-to-day life and recapture that sense of childhood wonder? Here’s how you can find them. 1 Throughout the day, stop what you are doing to listen to music, play with a toy or doodle on a piece of paper. Stretching your brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate your imagination. Get creative. Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, modeling with clay, dancing, or writing in a journal, creative pursuits are a great place to find joy. 2 Turn off your phone and enjoy the silence. Technology can be a good thing and provide us with many opportunities, but it can also numb (使迟钝) us to the wows around us and be an ongoing distraction. Turn your phone off for one hour, a whole day or even an entire weekend. You could also try turning off the television, music or radio for a few minutes to give yourself some total silence. 3 Listen. Really listen. When was the last time you remembered everything someone said to you? 4 Having a new-found curiosity and consideration for the other person might lead you to some surprising discoveries and take you outside of yourself. Get out of your comfort zone. Finding opportunities where you can push yourself out of your comfort zone will also give you a better chance of finding a wow experience. 5 Even attempting a 5k when you are not quite ready for a marathon can really help. A．Take a play break. B．Change your routine. C．This doesn’t have to mean a big, life-changing activity. D．This can help take you back to a childlike state, in a world of wonder. E．When talking to other people, try to be present with whoever you are with. F．Take a minute to notice and really pay attention to where you are, what you’re doing and what’s going on around you. G．What’s more, when you find flow in a creative activity, you might find inspiration for other areas of your life. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了缓解情绪困扰，找回生活中的快乐的几种方法。 1．空处为小标题。根据后文“Throughout the day, stop what you are doing to listen to music, play with a toy or doodle on a piece of paper. Stretching your brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate your imagination.(一整天，停下手头的工作，听听音乐，玩玩玩具或在纸上涂鸦。用不同的方式伸展你的大脑，做白日梦可以激发你的想象力)”可知，本段建议要注意休息；A选项“通过玩乐来休息”符合本段主旨。故选A项。 2．本段小标题为“变得有创造力”，前文“Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, modeling with clay, dancing, or writing in a journal, creative pursuits are a great place to find joy.(无论是演奏乐器，素描，绘画，用粘土做模型，跳舞，还是写日记，创造性的追求都是找到快乐的好地方)”表明创造力是一种好方法；G选项“更重要的是，当你在创造性活动中发现心流时，你可能会在生活的其他领域找到灵感”同样表明创造力的重要性。故选G项。 3．前文“Turn your phone off for one hour, a whole day or even an entire weekend. You could also try turning off the television, music or radio for a few minutes to give yourself some total silence.(关掉手机一个小时，一天，甚至整个周末。你也可以试着关掉电视、音乐或收音机几分钟，让自己完全安静下来)”表明要远离电子设备；F选项“花一分钟的时间去注意你在哪里，你在做什么，你周围发生了什么”表明关掉电子设备后，应将注意力集中在自己身上，符合语境。故选F项。 4．前文“Listen. Really listen. When was the last time you remembered everything someone said to you?(聆听。真的聆听。你上一次记得别人对你说的话是什么时候)”表示应与其它人互动，E选项“当和别人交谈时，试着和你在一起的人在一起”告诉我们如何与别人互动。故选E项。 5．本段小标题为“走出你的舒适区”，后文“Even attempting a 5k when you are not quite ready for a marathon can really help.(即使是在你还没准备好参加马拉松的时候尝试5公里也会有帮助)”表示小的行为也会有帮助；C选项“这并不一定意味着一个重大的，改变生活的活动”引出下文，符合语境。故选C项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石朝阳区·期末） Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”. 1 However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage. 2 Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health. It isn’t surprising that we want to believe things will turn out better if we have positive attitude. After all, there is a growing body of research indicating that an optimistic outlook on life does have benefits, such as promoting physical health, boosting energy, and reducing stress. It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant. 3 Nevertheless, it is becoming apparent that positivity has its limits. In 2021, a meta-analysis with more than 217, 000 participants investigated the link between optimism, pessimism and mortality. It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. 4 How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions. 5 The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. A．We need to accept them as a normal part of human experience. B．Our tendency to avoid the darker aspects of human experience isn’t new. C．When we experience them, we can become consumed, disturbed or inactive. D．Neglecting negative emotions is also found to be harmful to our mental health. E．They urge us to inject a bit of positive emotion into our day to gain the benefits. F．Positive chants like this are set to boost a person’s mood and feelings of self-worth. G．We are more likely to perceive normal emotions as mental problems needing treatment. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极情绪给人带来的影响以及应该如何应对消极情绪。 1．根据上文“Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”.(你是否在与自卑作斗争？如果是这样，你可能被告知要重复诸如“我是一个可爱的人”之类的短语)”以及后文“However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage.(然而，当心理学家测试这种积极的自言自语的效果时，他们发现了“有毒的积极”——一种强迫乐观地解释我们的经历，同时压抑消极情绪的现象，会造成真正的伤害)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，推测本句主要解释上文“重复诸如“我是一个可爱的人”之类的短语”这类语言的作用，F选项中Positive chants like this对应上文repeat phrases。故F选项“像这样的积极的重复话语是用来提升一个人的情绪和自我价值感的”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据本段内容“Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health.(从工业革命开始，围绕生产力和效率的社会经济目标促成了一种文化，在这种文化中，情绪，尤其是像悲伤这样的麻痹性情绪，被视为经济产出的手闸。如果有人正在挣扎，他们会被建议要有更多的信心，而不是被鼓励去探索根本原因。科学也要承担一些责任。从历史上看，心理学家并不认为情绪是一种合理的研究现象，因此人们对情绪对心理健康的重大影响知之甚少)”可知，本段主要介绍了人类回避消极情绪的历史起源，故B选项“我们回避人类经历阴暗面的倾向并不新鲜”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant.(我们把某些情绪，如愤怒、内疚、恐惧和痛苦，贴上不好的标签，因为它们确实让人感到不愉快，这也不足为奇)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，上文提到了一些消极的情绪，推测本句承接上文，说明这些情绪所带来的影响，C选项中them对应上文certain emotions。故C选项“当我们经历它们的时候，我们会变得疲惫、不安或不活跃”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. (研究发现，乐观的前景确实与较低的死亡风险有关，然而，不切实际的乐观和悲观都与较高的死亡风险有关)”可知，本句是对上文研究发现的补充说明，说明关于负面情绪的发现，D选项中also found对应上文found。故D选项“忽视负面情绪也被发现对我们的心理健康有害”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions.(我们怎样才能摆脱有害的积极情绪呢？哈佛医学院的苏珊·戴维斯强调了让自己面对不舒服情绪的重要性)”以及后文“The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. (管理情绪的关键不在于判断自己是否有负面情绪，而在于体验它们，知道它们会过去)”可知，上文提到让自己面对不舒服情绪的重要性，后文提到了管理方法，可知需要先接受不舒服的情绪，然后进行情绪管理。故A选项“我们需要接受它们是人类经历的正常组成部分”符合语境，故选A。 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. 1 . Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. 2 Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. 3 With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. 4 But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. 5 For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A．Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B．You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C．Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D．Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E．Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F．It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G．You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何减少焦虑感。 1．根据上文“Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely.(想象一下，在截止日期前，你已经工作了好几个小时，但你感觉毫无进展。你开始感到非常焦虑。在这一点上，你可能会开始责怪自己有这种情绪。现在你有两种情绪：对完成工作感到焦虑，对自己的焦虑感到沮丧。当第二种情绪叠加在第一种情绪之上时，你通常会感觉更糟，甚至更不可能实现你的目标。你现在可能想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性)”可知，上文提到“想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这一疑问的答案。故A选项“值得庆幸的是，研究表明答案是肯定的”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文“Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience.(很多人都听说过“正念”。它经常与冥想练习联系在一起，但它的本质是更加意识到并接受你现在的经历)”可知，上文提到接受你现在的经历，本句承接上文，对经历进行进一步解释说明。故E选项“有时这种经历包含了一种你不想感受到的不愉快情绪”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience.(让我解释一下。想象你自己处于如上所述的具有挑战性的情境中，你会感到焦虑。不要因为自己有这种情绪而感到沮丧，而是把你的意识带到这种情绪的体验中并接受它。你可能会觉得这种焦虑并不有趣)”以及后文“With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions.(有了这种接受的态度，远离与情绪作斗争的倾向，你就不太可能陷入评判思想的循环中，这可能会引发更多不想要的情绪)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，上文提到了焦虑，后文提到接受的态度，推测本句说明如何应对焦虑情绪。故D选项“但是你知道你可以把它呼吸出去，它只是一种转瞬即逝的情绪”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据后文“But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure.(但证据表明，它是有效的。这可能是因为接受你自己，包括你的情绪，可以减轻压力。)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，后文提到了有效，本句是在说明接纳情绪的消极方面。故F选项“拥抱一种不愉快的情绪可能是一件好事，这听起来可能不合理”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions.(当你释放出对自己情绪的评判性想法时，你就停止了给情绪火上浇油)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明停止批判自己所带来的好处。故G选项“你也创造了更多的内心空间来决定你是否可以做一些有帮助的事情”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. 1 Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA． Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. 2 What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. 3 We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. 4 ” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “ 5 But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A．It’s a matter of biology. B．It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C．However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D．But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E．People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F．And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G．For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是口味的个体差异及其影响因素。 1．空前“If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste.(如果你问问周围的人，你很快就会发现，这个问题没有绝对的对错——这完全取决于个人的口味。)”说明了喜欢或讨厌什么食物完全取决于个人的口味，空后“Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA.(相反，科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味。)”说明的是科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味，因此空格处要引起转折，D选项“But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion.(但事实证明，我们的口味并不是一个简单的观点问题。)”中的But表转折，说明口味并不是一个观点问题，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 2．空后“What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with.(对我来说是甜的东西，对别人来说可能是酸的或咸的，这是因为我们天生的受体不同。)”说明同一种东西不同人的感觉是不同的，说明这很主观，C选项“However, individual taste experience is highly subjective.(然而，个人的味觉体验是高度主观的。)”说明味觉是主观的，引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 3．空前“When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry.(当我们刚开始进行遗传学研究时，我们真的只局限于研究少数欧洲人，即有欧洲血统的人。)”说明了刚开始我们进行遗传学研究时只局限于研究少数欧洲人，空格处应该说这么做会导致什么结果，F选项“And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited.(因此，我们对地球上人类多样性的了解是非常有限的。)”说明了我们只研究少数欧洲人所导致的结果，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 4．空前“Taste isn’t a matter of opinion.(口味不是主观臆断的问题。)”说明了口味不是主观臆断，空格处应该说口味是什么，A选项“It’s a matter of biology.(这是生物学的问题。)”中的it指代的是前面的Taste，说明了口味是生物学的问题，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 5．空前“David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective.(International Wine and Spirits Competition的葡萄酒评委David Kermode承认，尽管科学家们已经证明，口味在很大程度上是个体和遗传的，但个人品味仍然是主观的。)”说明了个人品味是主观的，空格处应该说这主要体现在哪里，E选项“People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into.(人们在生活想要涉足的任何一个方面都会带有自己的个人偏见。)”说的是主观性的具体体现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 1 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. 2 That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 3 And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. 4 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 5 And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A．Food is essential for our survival. B．These associations can go the other way, too. C．We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D．It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E．Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F．Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G．After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。 1．根据上文“Certain foods always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。 2．根据下文“That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。 3．根据上文“Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。 4．根据下文“Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。 5．根据上文“In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $