专题06 七选五（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高一英语上学期

专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市东城区·期末） Walking itself offers great physical health advantages like improved blood circulation (血液循环), muscle strengthening, and weight management. 1 Walking on uneven paths, slopes (坡), and rocky surfaces during a hike demands more from our bodies than a regular walk on flat ground. 2 Unlike the noisy urban environment, being on a hiking trail (路线) surrounds us with the wonders of nature. The fresh air, chirping of birds, and beautiful landscapes have a calming effect, reducing stress and anxiety. Moreover, hiking can be a social activity that strengthens relationships. Whether with friends, family, or in a group, sharing the experience of exploring a trail creates lasting memories. 3 The conversational pace of hiking also makes it an ideal form of group fitness. To start hiking, begin with research. Look for local hiking trails online, in guidebooks, or by asking local outdoor stores or park offices. 4 These trails typically have slight slopes and are relatively short, helping build confidence. Next, get the right gear (装备). Wear comfortable hiking shoes or boots, moisture-wicking clothes and layer up according to the weather. Don’t forget a hat for sun protection and a backpack. Pack your backpack with the necessities. Carry plenty of water and high-energy snacks like nuts, dried fruits, or energy bars. Include a trail map, a compass, or a charged GPS device. 1 Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging trails. Remember: The point is to be able to see the views and smell the flowers. A．Additionally, it educates us about nature. B．Hiking, however, increases these benefits. C．Choose easy or gentle trails as a beginner. D．We can support each other when it is hard. E．Getting started with hiking can be exciting. F．Mentally, hiking provides unique relaxation. G．A first-aid kit with basic supplies is also a must-have. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市密云区·期末） As much as 80 percent of heart disease is preventable by making some lifestyle choices. 1 But others may not have crossed your mind. Here are some ways to improve your heart health. 2 “When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life can cause a lot of pressure, ” says Dr. Arya Sharma, the founder of the Canadian Obesity Network and a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta. If we don’t have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure which can affect our heart health. Doing good for others helps you increase your self-confidence and reduces stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2024 showed that a feeling of purpose in life was linked to a lower chance of heart attack. We all know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health. 3 Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity. Getting close to polluted air over time raises your risk of heart disease. 4   You’d better get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and spend more time indoors when the air quality is poor. Eating breakfast helps your heart keep healthy. A recent study found that people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease than those who ate morning meal. One possible reason: if you’re eating a proper breakfast, you will not make poor food choices later because of being hungry 5 And you’d better choose low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. A．The first thing you need to do is to reduce pressure. B．We should make right choices and have healthy lifestyles. C．Enough sleep helps your body control your blood pressure. D．Even short periods of getting close to it are unhealthy for people. E．So you need to eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. F．Volunteering can get you out of the house and create a social network. G．Some ways, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市房山区·期末） Animals have their own unique ways of communicating, which play an important role in their survival and social interactions. The communication signals are various and have developed over countless generations, finely adjusted to meet their specific needs. 1 One common form of animal communication is through vocalizations. Birds are masters of this. For example, the melodious songs of nightingales aren’t just for our enjoyment. Males sing to mark their territory, warning other males to stay away. 2 The more powerful the song is, the more likely the female is to mate. 3 Wolves use a complex system of body postures. When a wolf holds its tail high and stiff, it shows its power in its group. In contrast, a relaxed, loosely wagging tail indicates a friendly mood. Submissive wolves, on the other hand, will lower their bodies, tuck their tails, and avoid direct eye contact, communicating their non-threatening status. Chemical signals, often in the form of pheromones (信息素), are widely used too. Ants release pheromones along its way to lead fellow ants to food sources. 4 Female moths can detect the pheromones of male moths from miles away, enabling them to find each other for mating. Some animals even use visual displays. Peacocks (孔雀) spread their beautiful tails in a dazzling fan. This isn’t just for show; it’s a way to attract peahens during the breeding season. 5 The more brilliant the display is, the more likely they are to catch a female’s eye and pass on their genes. In conclusion, the animal kingdom’s communication systems are a wonder of nature. Understanding these communication methods gives us a fascinating peek into the animal kingdom’s hidden social lives. A．People recognize the signals suggesting changes. B．It’s like a map guiding them to find the destination. C．A wagging tail can mean friendliness or excitement. D．And another purpose is to catch the attention of a female. E．Body language is also an important way to communicate. F．The bright colors and patterns show good health and genetic quality. G．By understanding these signals, we can appreciate the animal world more easily. 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市清华附中·期末） Confirmation bias is people’s tendency to process information by looking for information that is consistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs. One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion. 1 It is adaptive for humans to rely on instinctive behaviours that keep them out of harm’s way. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their pride. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. 2 Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it. 3 Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. 4 If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library. Confirmation bias is important because it may lead people to give more weight to information that supports their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. However, in reality they have ignored a great deal of evidence contradicting their beliefs. These factors may lead to risky decision making and lead people to overlook warning signs. Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. 1 This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives. A．Confirmation bias also operates in impression formation. B．Exposing yourself to diverse viewpoints can help reduce bias. C．Information that conflicts with a person’s decision may cause discomfort. D．Therefore, people will seek information that supports their existing beliefs. E．They need to process information quickly to protect themselves from harm. F．People shouldn’t overlook evidence that leads them to question their beliefs. G．Improving these skills can empower individuals to make more objective judgments. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. 1 Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. To watch the sunrise, you have to get up early. When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. 2 Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine. This not only helps you to sleep better and keep healthy, but also to lose and maintain weight. At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. 3 The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. This love does help to face every day with the knowledge that you’ re not alone, and there is a greater force which is helping you every day. 4 The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. 5 A．You will sleep early to wake up early. B．This simple act inspires you to change your attitude. C．Watching the sunrise can do wonders for your health. D．You can feel a deep connection between you and nature. E．Sunrise is one of the most beautiful experiences that nature can give us. F．The experience of watching the sunrise can also influence how you feel. G．So, take a moment to watch the sunrise and let the shining light fill you with joy. Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） Over the past century, the average lifespan (平均寿命) in developed countries has increased by 30 years, from roughly age 50 to 80. 1 But they have also created a new and important gap: Healthspan (健康寿命), usually explained as the period of life free of disease or disability, does not always match longer life. While lifespan is certainly an important measure of health and well-being, it is not the only one. 2 That is because it emphasizes the importance of not only living a long life but also living a healthy and productive life. By a study based on the World Health Organization, an American who expects to live to 79 might first face serious disease at 63. 3 Indeed, aging is the biggest risk for cancer and heart disease. During the past 10 years, medicine has started to take a different way based on the biology of aging. The focus should be on a longer health y life rather than just length of life, and slowing aging is the tool to do it. Lengthening healthspan starts with thinking about aging well overall, meaning putting physical health, mental health, and daily lifestyle all in one. 4 It can reduce stress and the risk of chronic health conditions. For now, there are some familiar steps to extend healthspan: common-sense nutrition, sleep, exercise and social connection are the four main factors. 5 For example, regular exercise helps to prevent many diseases. A．Some disease is less linked with lifestyle habits. B．It also means taking ways to feel joy and connection. C．It is important to remember that aging is a natural process. D．Longer lifespans overall have been a public health success. E．That could mean he will live in sickness for at least 15 years. F．Healthspan is increasingly being known as an important idea. G．The reason those things work is that they improve the biology of aging. Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·北京市丰台区·期末） Temptation (诱惑) is part of life. It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. 1 . Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for. Unsurprisingly, research shows that people with greater self-control experience benefits such as success at school and work and greater satisfaction in their relationships. But there’s growing evidence that self-control can also come with various downsides. 1 Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. In fact, that’s what we’ve found in our research. The hidden costs of high self-control also extend beyond the social area to affect a person’s emotional life. For instance, consider the experience of regret. Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. 2 . Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. 3 . That will lead them to feel more burdened by the dependence that others have on them. This increased exhaustion and sense of burden can reduce levels of satisfaction within those relationships. Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. 4 . By working to address the unfavorable outcomes related to high self-control, while continuing to pursue the favorable ones, we may each eventually find a healthy balance. A．Self-disciplined people are less likely to forgive others. B．People with higher self-control tend to enjoy better health in life. C．We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature. D．Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的). E．These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person. F．So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road. G．During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals. 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices. 1 What is a digital detox? A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing. 1 Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time. Why do you need a digital detox? Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep. 1 Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness. 2 For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night. 3 Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox. A．How do you do a digital detox? B．In this case, you might as well try a digital detox. C．What are the keys to giving up all digital communication? D．It also found a connection between nighttime tech use and eyesight problem. E．Doing a mini-detox is one way to set limits and reduce your fear of missing out. F．During that time, you can turn off your devices and spend an evening free of electronics. G．One of them is a digital fast, which means giving up all digital devices for a period of time. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 1 That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 2 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 3 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. 4 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. 5 They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A．It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B．So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C．Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D．While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E．They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F．Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G．The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·北京市通州区·期末） Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 1 They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 2 I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 3 They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 4 Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 5 “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·北京市石景山区·期末） Rainforests cover six percent of the earth’s surface. There are rainforests in many parts of the world, but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia. There aren't any rainforests in Europe or North America. About 75% of all the types of animals come from rainforests. 1 There are many beautiful birds, insects and reptiles. Many of them live in the trees, over 30 meters from the ground. There are also thousands of different plants—and lots of them are tall trees! It is always hot in a rainforest and the ground is always wet. 2 The rainforests are very important for us. We need them! The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe. 3 They give us wood, rubber, fruits and many of our medicines. 4 For example, many years ago there was a large rainforest in Java. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, but now there is nothing. People cut down the trees because they wanted to grow rice. They also wanted to grow rubber trees to make rubber. Many animals lived in the rainforest. Some of them went to other parts of Java, but many of them disappeared—forever. 5 The rainforests are in danger! A．It is also very dark there. B．They also help to control the weather. C．They cut down the forest to make roads. D．Many forest people try to save their forests. E．Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. F．Unfortunately, in many places, the rainforests are in danger. G．The same thing is happening now in many other parts of the world. Passage 4 （23-24学年高一上·北京市第八中学·期末） Working Together to Save the Sea Turtles Florida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 1 So how do Floridians protect these special animals? Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. 2 When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles. These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is “Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act”. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 3 Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizations like the Sea Turtle Conservancy. The Sea Turtle Conservancy helps people take steps that will help reduce the threats that put sea turtles in danger. For instance, bright lights on buildings near the beach can negatively impact sea turtles. Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. 4 To help save these turtles, The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with property owners to make lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly. They also encourage Florida residents to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach. 5 Sometimes, turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. They eat this trash and die. Florida residents can volunteer for beach clean-ups and make sure to pick up their own litter. They can also vote for state leaders who want to protect the sea turtles’ habitats. Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! A．Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. B．Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. C．This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. D．It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. E．Female sea turtles come from the ocean and onto these beaches at night. F．They use their fins to move back across the beach and return to the ocean. G．Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. Passage 5 （23-24学年高一上·北京市十一学校·期末） All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on Earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth. This leaves one percent of the water on Earth available for us to use. 1 Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available. One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams. 2 According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. Using water wisely is important. 1 Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets(水龙头), dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water, and toilets that use only one-third of the water that they did a few years ago. Installing these items in your home is the first line of defense against wasting water. There are many other ways you can help. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. Take a shower rather than a bath. 2 If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’ have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year. 3 Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available. So, make a fuss and conserve water. It’s worth it! A．It’s also important to fix leaky faucets. B．Water is an important natural resource. C．All of these will help to conserve water. D．There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you. E．No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water. F．Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away. G．No matter where we live, we must be careful with the water we have in our part of the world. Passage 6 （22-23学年高一上·北京市第十二中学·期末） Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure. The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. 1 They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before. The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. 2 Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. 3 The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. 4 Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest. These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. 5 A．Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways. B．In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language. C．In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation. D．The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth. E．The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation. F．Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing. G．They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions. Passage 7 （22-23学年高一上·北京市通州区·期末） If you have been exposed to a natural disaster (for example, a tornado or hurricane), it is very important to learn ways of coping with natural disasters and their impact (巨大影响). Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk. 1 Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (扰乱) coping efforts. Despite the effects of natural disasters, there are steps you can take to cope. 2 Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster. Try to establish a schedule. 3 A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of control. Coming up with a daily, structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability(可预测性) and control. Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. 4 A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. If you hold them in, they may only grow stronger in intensity. Practice healthy coping strategies. Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. 5 Alcohol use, excessive sleep, or seeking comfort in food may be effective short- term strategies for managing emotional distress. However, in the long- term, these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase. A．Seek out and connect with social support. B．Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life. C．For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning. D．Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger. E．Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions. F．Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions. G．Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order. Passage 8 （22-23学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） For many parents, it is not easy to ask for information from children about what they did at school all day. 1 But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word. It doesn’t have to be so tough. With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up. 2 Don’t ask “How was your day?”. This question often leads to one-word answers or a shrug. For many children, the question is too general and they don’t want to think about how to answer it with specifics. Share your own experiences. 1 Don’t shy away from sharing your challenging experiences.  It will get the conversation started and help children understand their own emotions. Labeling that you are also having a stressful experience is a good chance to show them how they might do that. 2 Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way. Avoid distractions. Choose a time to talk when you’ll be able to listen to your child. 1 Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you’re not paying full attention. Full focus will help you ask follow-up questions, which are important to show interest. A．Don’t rush to know everything. B．Sometimes, kids are happy to chat. C．Don’t expect only positive experiences. D．Here’s how to get them to tell you about their day. E．Put your phone down and avoid doing other chores. F．One way is to ask children to retell what they learned in school. G．Children may follow your lead if you share your own highlights and lowlights. Passage 9 （22-23学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Learn to Be Accountable How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships. What does being accountable mean? It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. 1 You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control. 2 According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. 3 For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too. How can you be accountable? 1 One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. 2 We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens. A．What makes you accountable? B．How is being accountable good for you? C．But we do have a say in how we respond to it. D．Start by understanding what is in and out of your control. E．Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more. F．Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late. G．This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市东城区·期末） Walking itself offers great physical health advantages like improved blood circulation (血液循环), muscle strengthening, and weight management. 1 Walking on uneven paths, slopes (坡), and rocky surfaces during a hike demands more from our bodies than a regular walk on flat ground. 2 Unlike the noisy urban environment, being on a hiking trail (路线) surrounds us with the wonders of nature. The fresh air, chirping of birds, and beautiful landscapes have a calming effect, reducing stress and anxiety. Moreover, hiking can be a social activity that strengthens relationships. Whether with friends, family, or in a group, sharing the experience of exploring a trail creates lasting memories. 3 The conversational pace of hiking also makes it an ideal form of group fitness. To start hiking, begin with research. Look for local hiking trails online, in guidebooks, or by asking local outdoor stores or park offices. 4 These trails typically have slight slopes and are relatively short, helping build confidence. Next, get the right gear (装备). Wear comfortable hiking shoes or boots, moisture-wicking clothes and layer up according to the weather. Don’t forget a hat for sun protection and a backpack. Pack your backpack with the necessities. Carry plenty of water and high-energy snacks like nuts, dried fruits, or energy bars. Include a trail map, a compass, or a charged GPS device. 1 Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging trails. Remember: The point is to be able to see the views and smell the flowers. A．Additionally, it educates us about nature. B．Hiking, however, increases these benefits. C．Choose easy or gentle trails as a beginner. D．We can support each other when it is hard. E．Getting started with hiking can be exciting. F．Mentally, hiking provides unique relaxation. G．A first-aid kit with basic supplies is also a must-have. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徒步旅行的好处以及为徒步旅行做好准备的几点建议。 1．根据上文“Walking itself offers great physical health advantages like improved blood circulation, muscle strengthening, and weight management.(散步本身就有很好的身体健康优势，比如改善血液循环、增强肌肉力量和控制体重。)”和下文“Walking on uneven paths, slopes, and rocky surfaces during a hike demands more from our bodies than a regular walk on flat ground.(在徒步旅行中，在不平坦的道路、斜坡和岩石表面上行走，比在平坦的地面上正常行走对我们的身体要求更高。)”可知，徒步旅行比普通的散步对身体有更高的要求，也说明徒步旅行的好处比普通散步更多。选项B“然而，徒步旅行增加了这些好处”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据下文“Unlike the noisy urban environment, being on a hiking trail surrounds us with the wonders of nature. The fresh air, chirping of birds, and beautiful landscapes have a calming effect, reducing stress and anxiety.(与嘈杂的城市环境不同，走在徒步旅行的小径上，我们被大自然的奇观所包围。新鲜的空气、鸟儿的啁啾和美丽的风景具有舒缓的作用，可以减轻压力和焦虑。)”可知，本段主要介绍了徒步旅行可以减轻压力和焦虑，这是对精神方面的好处，选项F“在精神上，徒步旅行提供了独特的放松”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上文“Moreover, hiking can be a social activity that strengthens relationships. Whether with friends, family, or in a group, sharing the experience of exploring a trail creates lasting memories.(此外，徒步旅行可以是一种加强关系的社交活动。无论是与朋友、家人还是团体一起，分享探索小径的经历都会创造持久的回忆。)”和下文“The conversational pace of hiking also makes it an ideal form of group fitness.(徒步旅行的交谈节奏也使其成为理想的团体健身形式。)”可知，本段主要介绍了徒步旅行是一项可以加强关系的社交活动，那么空白处应承接上文说明徒步旅行是如何加强关系的，选项D“困难的时候我们可以互相支持”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据上文“To start hiking, begin with research. Look for local hiking trails online, in guidebooks, or by asking local outdoor stores or park offices.(要开始徒步旅行，首先要进行研究。在网上、指南中或询问当地的户外商店或公园办公室寻找当地的徒步旅行路线。)”和下文“These trails typically have slight slopes and are relatively short, helping build confidence.(这些路线通常有轻微的斜坡，相对较短，有助于建立信心。)”可知，本段主要介绍了徒步旅行要选择适合的路线。选项C“作为初学者，选择简单或平缓的路线。”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据上文“Pack your backpack with the necessities. Carry plenty of water and high-energy snacks like nuts, dried fruits, or energy bars. Include a trail map, a compass, or a charged GPS device.(背包里装上必需品。携带大量的水和高能小吃，如坚果、干果或能量棒。包括一张小径地图、一个指南针或一个充电的GPS设备。)”可知，本段主要介绍了徒步旅行要带的必需品，所以空白处也应承接上文说明要带的必需品。选项G“一个装有基本用品的急救包也是必不可少的”符合语境。故选G。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市密云区·期末） As much as 80 percent of heart disease is preventable by making some lifestyle choices. 1 But others may not have crossed your mind. Here are some ways to improve your heart health. 2 “When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life can cause a lot of pressure, ” says Dr. Arya Sharma, the founder of the Canadian Obesity Network and a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta. If we don’t have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure which can affect our heart health. Doing good for others helps you increase your self-confidence and reduces stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2024 showed that a feeling of purpose in life was linked to a lower chance of heart attack. We all know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health. 3 Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity. Getting close to polluted air over time raises your risk of heart disease. 4   You’d better get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and spend more time indoors when the air quality is poor. Eating breakfast helps your heart keep healthy. A recent study found that people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease than those who ate morning meal. One possible reason: if you’re eating a proper breakfast, you will not make poor food choices later because of being hungry 5 And you’d better choose low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. A．The first thing you need to do is to reduce pressure. B．We should make right choices and have healthy lifestyles. C．Enough sleep helps your body control your blood pressure. D．Even short periods of getting close to it are unhealthy for people. E．So you need to eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. F．Volunteering can get you out of the house and create a social network. G．Some ways, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过改善生活方式来预防心脏病，提供了一些具体的方法和建议，如保证足够的睡眠、为他人做好事、远离污染的空气以及吃早餐等。 1．根据下文“But others may not have crossed your mind. Here are some ways to improve your heart health.(但还有一些可能你没有想到过。以下是一些改善心脏健康的方法。)”可推测，空处应是说有些方法是大家熟知的。选项G“Some ways, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.(有些方法，比如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的。)”符合语境，引出后文。故选G。 2．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文““When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life can cause a lot of pressure, ” says Dr. Arya Sharma, the founder of the Canadian Obesity Network and a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta. If we don’t have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure which can affect our heart health.( Arya Sharma博士是加拿大肥胖网络的创始人，也是阿尔伯塔大学的医学教授，他说：“当你没有得到充分休息时，生活中发生的每件事都会带来很大压力。” 如果我们睡眠不足，我们的身体在控制血压方面也会更困难，这会影响我们的心脏健康。)”可知，本段是在讲睡眠对心脏健康的重要性。选项C“Enough sleep helps your body control your blood pressure.(充足的睡眠有助于你的身体控制血压。)”符合段落主旨，是对该段的总起。故选C。 3．根据段首句“Doing good for others helps you increase your self-confidence and reduces stress.(为他人做好事有助于增强你的自信心并减轻压力。)”可知，此段主要讲做善事、志愿活动对心脏健康的好处。再根据上文“Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2024 showed that a feeling of purpose in life was linked to a lower chance of heart attack. We all know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health.(2024 年发表在《身心医学》上的研究表明，有生活目标感与较低的心脏病发作几率有关。我们都知道孤独是心脏健康的一个风险因素。)”可知，孤独对心脏健康有风险。选项F“Volunteering can get you out of the house and create a social network.(志愿活动能让你走出家门，建立社交网络。)”说明志愿活动能让你走出家门，建立社交网络，与上下文逻辑连贯。故选F。 4．根据上文“Getting close to polluted air over time raises your risk of heart disease.(长期接触污染的空气会增加患心脏病的风险。)”可知，上文说长期接触污染空气会增加心脏病风险。选项D“Even short periods of getting close to it are unhealthy for people.(即使是短时间接触污染空气对人体也是不健康的。)”进一步说明即使短时间接触污染空气对人也不健康，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 5．根据上文“One possible reason: if you’re eating a proper breakfast, you will not make poor food choices later because of being hungry(一个可能的原因是：如果你吃了一顿合适的早餐，你之后就不太可能因为饥饿而做出不好的食物选择。)”可知，上文提到吃早餐有助于心脏健康，因为吃了早餐不会因饥饿而做出不好的食物选择。选项E“So you need to eat a balanced diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle.(所以你需要保持均衡的饮食来维持健康的生活方式。)”指出需要均衡饮食来保持健康生活方式，与前文提到的早餐及饮食内容相关，且与后文提到的选择低脂早餐食物等内容相呼应。故选E。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市房山区·期末） Animals have their own unique ways of communicating, which play an important role in their survival and social interactions. The communication signals are various and have developed over countless generations, finely adjusted to meet their specific needs. 1 One common form of animal communication is through vocalizations. Birds are masters of this. For example, the melodious songs of nightingales aren’t just for our enjoyment. Males sing to mark their territory, warning other males to stay away. 2 The more powerful the song is, the more likely the female is to mate. 3 Wolves use a complex system of body postures. When a wolf holds its tail high and stiff, it shows its power in its group. In contrast, a relaxed, loosely wagging tail indicates a friendly mood. Submissive wolves, on the other hand, will lower their bodies, tuck their tails, and avoid direct eye contact, communicating their non-threatening status. Chemical signals, often in the form of pheromones (信息素), are widely used too. Ants release pheromones along its way to lead fellow ants to food sources. 4 Female moths can detect the pheromones of male moths from miles away, enabling them to find each other for mating. Some animals even use visual displays. Peacocks (孔雀) spread their beautiful tails in a dazzling fan. This isn’t just for show; it’s a way to attract peahens during the breeding season. 5 The more brilliant the display is, the more likely they are to catch a female’s eye and pass on their genes. In conclusion, the animal kingdom’s communication systems are a wonder of nature. Understanding these communication methods gives us a fascinating peek into the animal kingdom’s hidden social lives. A．People recognize the signals suggesting changes. B．It’s like a map guiding them to find the destination. C．A wagging tail can mean friendliness or excitement. D．And another purpose is to catch the attention of a female. E．Body language is also an important way to communicate. F．The bright colors and patterns show good health and genetic quality. G．By understanding these signals, we can appreciate the animal world more easily. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．E 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物的交流方式。 1．根据上文“The communication signals are various and have developed over countless generations, finely adjusted to meet their specific needs.(交流信号是多种多样的，经过无数代的发展，经过精细调整以满足它们的特定需求)”可知，前文提到动物有独特的交流方式，交流信号多样且经过无数代发展，适应它们的特定需求。G选项By understanding these signals, we can appreciate the animal world more easily.(通过理解这些信号，我们可以更容易地欣赏动物世界)承接上文，说明理解这些信号的意义，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“For example, the melodious songs of nightingales aren’t just for our enjoyment.  Males sing to mark their territory, warning other males to stay away.(例如，夜莺的悠扬歌声不仅仅是为了我们的享受。雄鸟用歌声来标记自己的领地，警告其他雄鸟远离)”以及下文“The more powerful the song is, the more likely the female is to mate.(歌声越有力，雌性越有可能交配)”可知，前文说夜莺的歌声不仅仅是为了让我们欣赏，雄性夜莺唱歌是为了标记领地，警告其他雄性远离。后文说歌声越有力，雌性就越有可能与之交配。D选项And another purpose is to catch the attention of a female.(另一个目的是吸引雌性的注意)起到承上启下的作用，说明雄性夜莺唱歌的另一个目的。故选D项。 3．根据下文“Wolves use a complex system of body postures. When a wolf holds its tail high and stiff, it shows its power in its group. In contrast, a relaxed, loosely wagging tail indicates a friendly mood. Submissive wolves, on the other hand, will lower their bodies, tuck their tails, and avoid direct eye contact, communicating their non-threatening status.(狼使用复杂的身体姿势系统。当狼把尾巴高高竖起时，它显示了它在群体中的力量。相反，一个放松的，松散地摇尾巴表示友好的心情。另一方面，顺从的狼会降低它们的身体，收起它们的尾巴，避免直接的目光接触，传达它们没有威胁的状态)”可知，后文举例说明狼使用复杂的身体姿势系统来交流，如尾巴高高竖起且僵硬表示在群体中的权力，尾巴放松、轻轻摆动表示友好情绪等。E选项Body language is also an important way to communicate.(肢体语言也是一种重要的交流方式)引出下文关于狼通过肢体语言交流的内容。故选E项。 4．根据上文“Ants release pheromones along its way to lead fellow ants to food sources.(蚂蚁在寻找食物的过程中释放信息素)”可知，前文说蚂蚁会沿途释放信息素，引导同伴找到食物来源。B选项It’s like a map guiding them to find the destination.(它就像一张地图，引导它们找到目的地)把信息素比作地图，形象地说明了信息素对蚂蚁找到食物来源的引导作用，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“This isn’t just for show; it’s a way to attract peahens during the breeding season.(这不仅仅是为了展示；这是在繁殖季节吸引雌孔雀的一种方式)”以及下文“The more brilliant the display is, the more likely they are to catch a female’s eye and pass on their genes.(展示得越耀眼，就越有可能吸引到雌性的目光，并将它们的基因传递下去)”可知，前文说孔雀在繁殖季节展开美丽的尾巴，这不仅仅是为了展示，而是一种吸引雌孔雀的方式。后文说展示得越耀眼，就越有可能吸引雌孔雀的注意，并传递它们的基因。F选项 The bright colors and patterns show good health and genetic quality.(鲜艳的颜色和图案显示出良好的健康状况和遗传素质)解释了孔雀尾巴展示的意义，即其鲜艳的颜色和图案所代表的含义，起到承上启下的作用。故选F项。 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市清华附中·期末） Confirmation bias is people’s tendency to process information by looking for information that is consistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs. One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion. 1 It is adaptive for humans to rely on instinctive behaviours that keep them out of harm’s way. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their pride. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. 2 Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it. 3 Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. 4 If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library. Confirmation bias is important because it may lead people to give more weight to information that supports their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. However, in reality they have ignored a great deal of evidence contradicting their beliefs. These factors may lead to risky decision making and lead people to overlook warning signs. Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. 1 This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives. A．Confirmation bias also operates in impression formation. B．Exposing yourself to diverse viewpoints can help reduce bias. C．Information that conflicts with a person’s decision may cause discomfort. D．Therefore, people will seek information that supports their existing beliefs. E．They need to process information quickly to protect themselves from harm. F．People shouldn’t overlook evidence that leads them to question their beliefs. G．Improving these skills can empower individuals to make more objective judgments. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是确认偏误以及如何改变这种偏差。 1．根据上文“One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion.(人们容易受到确认偏误影响的一个解释是，这是一种处理信息的有效方式。人类永远在接受信息，不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，以形成一个公正的结论)”可知，上文提到人类总是在接受信息，且不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，本句承接上文，说明人类因此需要快速处理信息。故E选项“他们需要快速处理信息以保护自己免受伤害”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves.(人们喜欢自我感觉良好，发现他们高度重视的信念是不正确的会让他们对自己感觉不好)”可知，上文提到人们喜欢自我感觉良好，本句为本段最后一句，与上文构成因果关系，指出人类为了让自我感觉良好会采取的行动。故D选项“因此，人们会寻找支持他们现有信念的信息”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it.(确认偏误发生在几种情况下。在决策过程中，一旦一个人做出了一个决定，他们就会寻找支持这个决定的信息)”以及后文“Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration.(因此，这个人会忽略它或很少考虑它)”可知，后文提到会忽略或很少考虑某种信息，本句是在说明这种信息的特点，C选项中Information that conflicts with a person’s decision对应后文it。故C选项“与一个人的决定相冲突的信息可能会引起不适”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据后文“If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.(如果人们被告知对即将见面的人有什么期望，比如这个人友好、外向，人们就会寻找支持他们期望的信息。例如，如果玛丽亚期望她的室友是外向的，玛丽亚可能会问她是否喜欢参加聚会，而不是问她是否经常在图书馆学习)”可知，本段的例子说明了因为玛利亚期望室友是外向，所以询问是否参加聚会，体现了个人的期望在印象形成中起到了一定作用。故A选项“确认偏误也在印象形成中起作用”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据上文“Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments.(积极挑战你的信念是减少确认偏误的最有效方法之一。例如，如果你认为某种做法是有益的，寻找可靠的来源来批评它并评估他们的论点)”以及后文“This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives.(这包括与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料)”可知，后文提到了“与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料”，这些是获得不同观点的方法，可知本句关于减少偏见的方法是多接触不同的观点。故B选项“让自己接触不同的观点有助于减少偏见”符合语境，故选B。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. 1 Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. To watch the sunrise, you have to get up early. When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. 2 Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine. This not only helps you to sleep better and keep healthy, but also to lose and maintain weight. At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. 3 The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. This love does help to face every day with the knowledge that you’ re not alone, and there is a greater force which is helping you every day. 4 The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. 5 A．You will sleep early to wake up early. B．This simple act inspires you to change your attitude. C．Watching the sunrise can do wonders for your health. D．You can feel a deep connection between you and nature. E．Sunrise is one of the most beautiful experiences that nature can give us. F．The experience of watching the sunrise can also influence how you feel. G．So, take a moment to watch the sunrise and let the shining light fill you with joy. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观看日出对身心健康的益处。 1．根据上文“The sun is the one thing you can depend on to be there for you every day, without fail. It rises every day and provides a new beginning to each day. (太阳是你每天可以依赖的东西，它永远不会失败。它每天升起，为每一天提供一个新的开始。)”和下文“Research has proved that it helps you fight tension and stress and does it all for free. (研究证明，它能帮助你对抗紧张和压力，而且这一切都是免费的。)”可知，上下文都说明了太阳或看日出对人有好处，所以空白处也应说明看日出对人有益。选项C“观看日出可以为你的健康带来奇迹”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据上文“When you get up at daybreak and start your day, you will be naturally tired at the end of the day. (当你黎明起床开始你的一天时，你在一天结束时自然会感到疲倦。)”和下文“Finally, your body’s internal clock will be reset to a regular routine.(最后，你身体的生物钟会被重置为一个有规律的作息。)”可知，本段主要讲的是早起会让人在一天结束时感到疲倦，从而早睡，进而调整生物钟。选项A“你会早睡以早起”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 3．根据上文“At sunrise, the world is peaceful, noiseless and calm. (日出时，世界是宁静的，没有噪音，很平静。)”和下文“The quiet environment fills your inner world with peace, and you feel the love that nature has for you. (安静的环境让你的内心世界充满了和平，你感受到了大自然对你的爱。)”可知，上下文都表明了人与自然之间的联系，所以空白处也应表明这种联系。选项D“你可以感受到你和自然之间深深的联系”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据下文“The calm and quiet moments before the sun can make you feel happy and peaceful. You realize your own value and your stress levels come down. The positivity within you will help you make better decisions during the day. Your concentration also improves and you can take in information better. (日出前的平静时刻能让你感到快乐和宁静。你意识到自己的价值，压力水平也会下降。你内心的积极性会帮助你在白天做出更好的决定。你的注意力也会提高，你能更好地吸收信息。)”可知，本段主要讲的是看日出时的感受以及看日出对人的积极影响，所以空白处应总起本段，说明看日出会影响人的感受。选项F“观看日出的经历也会影响你的感受”符合语境。故选F。 5．根据上文“With more than half of the day spent sitting in front of computers and laptops, the experience of watching the sunrise gives you the time to take a break from your digital life. (一天中有一半以上的时间坐在电脑和笔记本电脑前，观看日出的经历让你有时间从数字生活中抽身出来。)”可知，上文表明了作者倡议人们从数字生活中抽身出来去看日出，所以空白处应承接上文，说明要去看日出。选项G“所以，花点时间看日出，让灿烂的阳光带给你快乐”符合语境。故选G。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） Over the past century, the average lifespan (平均寿命) in developed countries has increased by 30 years, from roughly age 50 to 80. 1 But they have also created a new and important gap: Healthspan (健康寿命), usually explained as the period of life free of disease or disability, does not always match longer life. While lifespan is certainly an important measure of health and well-being, it is not the only one. 2 That is because it emphasizes the importance of not only living a long life but also living a healthy and productive life. By a study based on the World Health Organization, an American who expects to live to 79 might first face serious disease at 63. 3 Indeed, aging is the biggest risk for cancer and heart disease. During the past 10 years, medicine has started to take a different way based on the biology of aging. The focus should be on a longer health y life rather than just length of life, and slowing aging is the tool to do it. Lengthening healthspan starts with thinking about aging well overall, meaning putting physical health, mental health, and daily lifestyle all in one. 4 It can reduce stress and the risk of chronic health conditions. For now, there are some familiar steps to extend healthspan: common-sense nutrition, sleep, exercise and social connection are the four main factors. 5 For example, regular exercise helps to prevent many diseases. A．Some disease is less linked with lifestyle habits. B．It also means taking ways to feel joy and connection. C．It is important to remember that aging is a natural process. D．Longer lifespans overall have been a public health success. E．That could mean he will live in sickness for at least 15 years. F．Healthspan is increasingly being known as an important idea. G．The reason those things work is that they improve the biology of aging. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要健康寿命的含义，重要性以及影响因素。 1．上文“Over the past century, the average lifespan (平均寿命) in developed countries has increased by 30 years, from roughly age 50 to 80.(过去一个世纪，发达国家的平均寿命增加30岁，从大约50岁增加到80岁)”指出发达国家的平均寿命增加30岁，下文“But they have also created a new and important gap: Healthspan (健康寿命)(但他们也创造了一个新的重要差距：健康寿命)”和上文是转折关系，引出健康寿命这一话题，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，D项“总体而言，更长的寿命是公共卫生领域的一项成功”符合语境，对上文进行总结，同时和下文是转折关系，故选D。 2．上文“While lifespan is certainly an important measure of health and well-being, it is not the only one.(虽然寿命确实是衡量健康和福祉的一个重要指标，但它并不是唯一的指标)”指出寿命并不是衡量健康和福祉的唯一指标，空处应该指出衡量健康和福祉的其他指标，F项“健康寿命越来越被认为是一个重要的观点。”符合语境，下文“That is because it emphasizes the importance of not only living a long life but also living a healthy and productive life.(这是因为它强调不仅要长寿，还要过健康、富有成效的生活)”具体解释了健康寿命这一指标的重要性，故选F。 3．上文“By a study based on the World Health Organization, an American who expects to live to 79 might first face serious disease at 63.(根据世界卫生组织的一项研究，预计能活到79岁的美国人可能会在63岁时首次面临严重疾病)”指出研究表明预计能活到79岁的美国人可能会在63岁时首次面临严重疾病，空处应承接上文，对上文进一步说明，即E项“这可能意味着他将在疾病中生活至少15年。”符合语境，That代指上文an American who expects to live to 79 might first face serious disease at 63，故选E。 4．上文“Lengthening healthspan starts with thinking about aging well overall, meaning putting physical health, mental health, and daily lifestyle all in one.(延长健康寿命始于全面考虑老龄化问题，这意味着将身体健康、心理健康和日常生活方式融为一体)”指出延长健康寿命需要你怎么做，即将身体健康、心理健康和日常生活方式融为一体，空处承接上文，应具体介绍还可以怎么做来延长健康寿命，B项“它还意味着采取各种方式来感受快乐和联系。”符合语境，下文“It can reduce stress and the risk of chronic health conditions(它可以减轻压力和慢性健康状况的风险)”介绍了采取各种方式来感受快乐和联系的好处，故选B。 5．上文“For now, there are some familiar steps to extend healthspan: common-sense nutrition, sleep, exercise and social connection are the four main factors.(目前，延长健康寿命有一些熟悉的步骤：常识性营养、睡眠、运动和社交是四个主要因素)”指出延长健康寿命有一些因素，空处承接上文，应解释为什么这些因素有作用，G项“这些东西起作用的原因是它们改善了衰老的生物学特性。”符合语境，those things代指上文common-sense nutrition, sleep, exercise and social connection are the four main factors，故选G。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·北京市丰台区·期末） Temptation (诱惑) is part of life. It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. 1 . Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for. Unsurprisingly, research shows that people with greater self-control experience benefits such as success at school and work and greater satisfaction in their relationships. But there’s growing evidence that self-control can also come with various downsides. 1 Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. In fact, that’s what we’ve found in our research. The hidden costs of high self-control also extend beyond the social area to affect a person’s emotional life. For instance, consider the experience of regret. Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. 2 . Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. 3 . That will lead them to feel more burdened by the dependence that others have on them. This increased exhaustion and sense of burden can reduce levels of satisfaction within those relationships. Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. 4 . By working to address the unfavorable outcomes related to high self-control, while continuing to pursue the favorable ones, we may each eventually find a healthy balance. A．Self-disciplined people are less likely to forgive others. B．People with higher self-control tend to enjoy better health in life. C．We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature. D．Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的). E．These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person. F．So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road. G．During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自我控制会带来的一些负面影响。 1．根据上文“It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. (我们经常会发现自己处于这样的境地——例如，在美味的甜点和坚持节食之间做出选择，或者在玩电子游戏而不是学习之间做出选择。)”和下文“Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for. (成功抵抗诱惑可能是你的目标。)”可知，空处承上启下，指出在这些情况下，你可能会做出正确的选择。G项中的“these times”和上文的“situations”对应，G项中的“goals”和下文中的“something you aim for”对应。G项：During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals. (在这段时间里，你可能希望做出“正确”的决定，推动你朝着长期目标前进。)符合语境。故选G。 2．根据下文“Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. (想象一下，一个人总是早起，从不允许任何工作分心，并坚持严格的饮食。你可能会认为他们雄心勃勃，因为他们的决心和纪律。然而，出于同样的原因，你也可能认为这个人呆板、无趣、紧张甚至冷漠。)”可知，本段主要讲述了高度的自我控制往往是要付出社会的和名声的代价。D项中的“social and reputational”与下文中的“you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold”对应。D项：Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的). (高度自我控制的一些代价是有关社会的和名誉的。)符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文“Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. (研究表明，当人们回想起遥远的过去时，他们往往会后悔自己控制得太多，而不是不够。)”可知，空处说明自我控制太多会造成的后果，和上文形成因果关系。F项：So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road. (因此，实行这种自我控制实际上可能会导致你在未来的道路上感到更少的满足感。)符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文“Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. (即使是人们对自制力强的人持有的积极信念，比如他们会在小组项目中表现得更好，也会产生负面影响。)”可知，空处承接上文，具体说明这些积极信念可能会导致的负面影响。E项中的“these ideas”指代上文中的“the positive beliefs”.E项：These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person. (这些想法会对高自控能力的人产生更高的期望。)符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文“Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. (自我控制几乎是我们所有人都想要提高的。但同样重要的是要认识到，拥有无限的意志力也会有一些代价。)”可知，上文提到了自我控制的两个方面影响，空处承接上文，说明我们可以通过了解这篇文献受益。C项：We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature. (我们都能从了解研究文献的两个方面中受益。)符合语境。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices. 1 What is a digital detox? A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing. 1 Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time. Why do you need a digital detox? Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep. 1 Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness. 2 For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night. 3 Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox. A．How do you do a digital detox? B．In this case, you might as well try a digital detox. C．What are the keys to giving up all digital communication? D．It also found a connection between nighttime tech use and eyesight problem. E．Doing a mini-detox is one way to set limits and reduce your fear of missing out. F．During that time, you can turn off your devices and spend an evening free of electronics. G．One of them is a digital fast, which means giving up all digital devices for a period of time. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．D 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对许多人来说，在数字世界中连接只是日常生活的一部分。然而，很多时候你可能想要放弃你的数字设备。文章主要就如何戒掉数字设备提出了一些建议。 1．根据上文“For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices.(对许多人来说，在数字世界中连接只是日常生活的一部分。然而，很多时候你可能想要放弃你的数字设备)”可知，上文提到了想要放弃数字设备，结合后文给出了戒掉数码产品的建议，可知本句属于过渡句，建议尝试戒掉数码产品。故B选项“在这种情况下，你不妨试试戒掉数码产品”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据上文“A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing.(“数字排毒”指的是一个人停止使用智能手机、电脑和社交媒体等科技设备的一段时间。它通常被视为一种专注于现实社会互动而不打扰的方式。有各种各样的排毒方式)”以及后文“Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time.(此外，你可以尝试一个特定的排毒方法——限制使用一个占用你太多时间的应用程序或数字工具)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是在列举数字排毒的方式，故G选项“其中之一是“数码斋戒”，这意味着在一段时间内放弃所有的数码设备”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据上文“Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep.(许多专家认为，过度使用科技和设备会导致身体和精神问题。发表在《全球儿科健康》杂志上的一项研究表明，睡前使用电子设备的儿童睡眠明显更差、更少)”以及后文“Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness.(此外，大量使用电子设备可能与心理健康问题有关。宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员最近发表了一项研究，将社交媒体的使用与压力水平的增加以及抑郁和孤独的症状联系起来)”可知，上文提到了研究发现睡前使用电子设备的儿童睡眠明显更差、更少，后文则提到了大量使用电子设备可能与心理健康问题有关，可知本句是在说明研究关于电子设备对儿童的其他负面影响。故D选项“研究还发现夜间使用科技产品与视力问题之间存在联系”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据本段内容“For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.(对于许多人来说，完全放弃所有形式的数字通信可能是不可能的，特别是那些依赖于它们来工作或学习的人。所以，第一个关键是要现实。如果你白天工作需要你的设备，试着在晚上做一次小型排毒)”以及“Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox.(另一种方法是移除打扰你的东西。当你和朋友共进晚餐时，试着关掉手机上的推送通知，或者把手机留在家里。当然，你也可以告诉你的朋友和家人，你正在进行数字排毒，并寻求他们的帮助，或者写日记来记录你的进展，以确保更成功的排毒)”可知，本段主要说明了如何戒掉数字通信的方法，根据上文小标题均为设问句，且段落中提到了完全放弃所有形式的数字通信可能是不可能的，故排除C选项。故A选项“如何戒掉数码产品？”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据上文“If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.(如果你白天工作需要你的设备，试着在晚上做一次小型排毒)”以及后文“Another way is to remove things that disturb you.(另一种方法是移除打扰你的东西)”可知，上文建议做“小型排毒”，后文则提到了另一种方法，可知本句主要承接上文，说明利用小型排毒戒掉电子设备是如何操作的，后文是移出干扰你的东西，故可推测小型排毒是指关闭或远离电子设备。故F选项“在这段时间里，你可以关掉电子设备，度过一个远离电子产品的夜晚”符合语境，故选F。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 1 That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 2 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 3 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. 4 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. 5 They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A．It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B．So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C．Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D．While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E．They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F．Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G．The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一种未来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法：利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，类似于酸奶或粉末。如果成功，这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物，为未来的太空探索提供支持。 1．根据空前“While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth.(虽然国际空间站上的宇航员已经尝试种植沙拉叶，但在太空中消费的大部分食物都是从地球运输过去的)”和空后“That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food.(这就是为什么加拿大安大略省西安大略大学的约书亚·皮尔斯决定尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物)”可知，太空使用的大部分食物来自地球，因此更加遥远且持久的任务是不可能的，因为食物无法供应，因此推断A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可能的。”符合语境，并且引出下文的解决办法——尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，故选A。 2．根据前文“This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags.( 这一过程尚未在真正的行星上进行。但皮尔斯的团队已经进行了类似的实验，使用细菌分解军队食品供应袋中的塑料残留物)”和后文“The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder.(最终的细菌混合物看起来像一种棕色奶昔，团队还尝试将这种物质干燥，以生产出类似酸奶或粉末的东西)”可知，本段讲述实验过程，因此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料，然后将其喂给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 3．根据后文““We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.”(“我们进行了营养研究，结果发现它几乎是一种完美的食物，”他说。“我们使用的细菌混合物中，几乎三分之一是人类所需的三大主要营养素之一。”)”可知，此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果，结合前文应是Joshua Pearce说的话，因此推断D项“虽然这听起来可能不太美味，但皮尔斯表示，这些细菌非常适合人类的需求。”符合语境，承接前一段，介绍实验的食物。故选D。 4．根据前文“If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce.(如果这个想法是可行的，皮尔斯表示，一个类似2020年NASA访问的贝努小行星的500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物)”可知，实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物，因此推断G项“具体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。”符合语境，与前文语境相符。故选G。 5．根据前文“A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place.(一个完整的行星食物项目将需要一个“工业级智能机器”在太空中运行。这需要很长时间才能将一切安排妥当)”和后文“They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth.( 他们计划从煤炭开始，然后转向落到地球上的太空岩石)”可知，在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才能安排妥当，研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究，因此推断B项“因此，研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想法。”符合语境，前后文是因果关系，故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·北京市通州区·期末） Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 1 They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 2 I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 3 They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 4 Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 5 “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲野外活动的益处和注意事项。 1．由上文“Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels.(许多人喜欢在假期里游泳、晒太阳和住在豪华酒店。)”可知，这里讲一些人对假期的选择。F项But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday.(但还有无数其他人更喜欢不同类型的假期)符合语境，其中but与上文形成转折，且本句也有启下作用。故选F项。 2．由下文“I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.(我通常去Yosemite国家公园，在那里我睡在帐篷里，徒步旅行，享受宁静。)”可知，这里讲Gavin Murphy喜欢去大自然中旅行，C项But every once in a while I like to get back to nature.(但每隔一段时间我就喜欢回到大自然。)符合语境，其中get back to nature有启下作用。故选C项。 3．由下文“They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests.(他们可以在寒冷的溪流中钓鱼，在蜿蜒的自然步道上徒步旅行，或者沿着风景优美的小路骑自行车。在一年中的某些时候，公园会为游客提供有导游的自然漫步和各种主题的有趣讲座。)”可知，这里主要讲户外游客可以参加很多活动。G项Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from.(国家公园的游客有各种各样的活动可供选择。)符合语境，其中a wide variety of activities和后文活动内容对应，有启下作用。故选G项。 4．由下文“Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子).(即使天气转晴，仍有很多泥要处理。晚上的天气可能很冷，而且总是有很多蚊子。)”可知，这里主要讲雨后露营的缺点。A项If it rains, there is not much to do.(如果下雨，就没什么可做的了。)符合语境，其中rains和后文lots of mud对应，有启下作用。故选A项。 5．由上文“Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. (公园管理员建议游客注意蛇，因为蛇的叮咬可能有毒。他们强调，有必要把食物收起来，这样一只意想不到的熊就不会对一些惊讶的客人进行不受欢迎的访问。)”和下文““It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!”(“坐在泳池边喝一杯可能很好，”热爱大自然的Tanya Rodriguez说，“但大自然真的很美，我在这里遇到了很多有趣的人。没有什么能比得上这样的假期!”)”可知，虽然在公园露营有危险，但游客们还是不断来这里，因为他们在大自然中体会到了有趣事、遇到了有趣的人，E项Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year.(然而，自然爱好者年复一年地继续参观国家公园。)符合语境，其中Yet让前后文形成转折关系。故选E项。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·北京市石景山区·期末） Rainforests cover six percent of the earth’s surface. There are rainforests in many parts of the world, but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia. There aren't any rainforests in Europe or North America. About 75% of all the types of animals come from rainforests. 1 There are many beautiful birds, insects and reptiles. Many of them live in the trees, over 30 meters from the ground. There are also thousands of different plants—and lots of them are tall trees! It is always hot in a rainforest and the ground is always wet. 2 The rainforests are very important for us. We need them! The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe. 3 They give us wood, rubber, fruits and many of our medicines. 4 For example, many years ago there was a large rainforest in Java. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, but now there is nothing. People cut down the trees because they wanted to grow rice. They also wanted to grow rubber trees to make rubber. Many animals lived in the rainforest. Some of them went to other parts of Java, but many of them disappeared—forever. 5 The rainforests are in danger! A．It is also very dark there. B．They also help to control the weather. C．They cut down the forest to make roads. D．Many forest people try to save their forests. E．Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. F．Unfortunately, in many places, the rainforests are in danger. G．The same thing is happening now in many other parts of the world. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了热带雨林的分布、动植物资源、环境条件、面临的危险。 1．前文“About 75% of all the types of animals come from rainforests.(大约75%的动物物种来自热带雨林。)”讲述了热带雨林的动物种类大约占75%，后文“There are many beautiful birds, insects and reptiles.(这里有许多美丽的鸟类、昆虫和爬行动物。)”讲述了热带雨林里有许多鸟类、昆虫和爬行动物。由此可知，空处应与热带雨林的动物有关，E项“成千上万的动物生活在热带雨林中。”符合题意。故选E。 2．前文“It is always hot in a rainforest and the ground is always wet.(雨林里总是很热，地面总是潮湿的。)”讲述了雨林的环境条件，A项“那里也很黑。”进一步补充前文。故选A。 3．前文“We need them! The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe.(我们需要它们！森林中的树木和其他植物有助于制造我们呼吸的空气。)”讲述了我们需要雨林，森林中的植物制造我们呼吸的空气，空处应讲述雨林的其他的作用，B项“它们也有助于控制天气。”符合题意。故选B。 4．后文“For example, many years ago there was a large rainforest in Java. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, but now there is nothing.(例如，许多年前，爪哇岛有一大片热带雨林。森林里有成千上万种不同的植物和动物，但现在什么都没有了。)”列举了爪哇岛热带雨林消失的例子，由此可知，空处应讲述许多地方的雨林处于危险之中。F项“不幸的是，在许多地方，热带雨林正处于危险之中。”符合题意。故选F。 5．根据前文“People cut down the trees because they wanted to grow rice. They also wanted to grow rubber trees to make rubber. Many animals lived in the rainforest. Some of them went to other parts of Java, but many of them disappeared—forever.(人们砍伐树木是因为他们想种水稻。他们还想种植橡胶树来制造橡胶。许多动物曾生活在热带雨林中。其中一些去了爪哇的其他地方，但许多永远消失了。)”和后文“The rainforests are in danger!(热带雨林正处于危险之中！)”可知，爪哇的雨林被破坏，导致动植物消失，所以空处应是说许多其他地方的热带雨林也在遭遇同样的困境，所以很多热带雨林处于危险之中。G项“同样的事情现在正在世界许多其他地方发生。”符合题意。故选G。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高一上·北京市第八中学·期末） Working Together to Save the Sea Turtles Florida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 1 So how do Floridians protect these special animals? Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. 2 When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles. These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is “Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act”. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 3 Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizations like the Sea Turtle Conservancy. The Sea Turtle Conservancy helps people take steps that will help reduce the threats that put sea turtles in danger. For instance, bright lights on buildings near the beach can negatively impact sea turtles. Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. 4 To help save these turtles, The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with property owners to make lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly. They also encourage Florida residents to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach. 5 Sometimes, turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. They eat this trash and die. Florida residents can volunteer for beach clean-ups and make sure to pick up their own litter. They can also vote for state leaders who want to protect the sea turtles’ habitats. Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! A．Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. B．Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. C．This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. D．It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. E．Female sea turtles come from the ocean and onto these beaches at night. F．They use their fins to move back across the beach and return to the ocean. G．Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了佛罗里达的海滩是五种海龟的家园，如今海龟正面临灭绝的危险，佛罗里达人采取多种措施来保护海龟、海龟巢、海龟蛋以及海龟的自然栖息地。 1．根据上文“A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. (这些有趣的生物面临着一个主要问题。)”可知，设空处应具体说这个问题，下文“So how do Floridians protect these special animals? (那么佛罗里达人是如何保护这些特殊动物的呢？)”，句中用到protect these special animals，说明这些特殊动物面临的问题很严重，得靠人为干预才可能解决，B项“Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. (其中一些海龟有灭绝的危险。)”，B项承上启下，衔接连贯。故选B项。 2．根据上文“They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. (他们仔细观察沙子，寻找海龟妈妈留在那里的鳍标记。)”，下文“When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. (当他们弄清楚卵的位置后，它们会在这个区域做上标记，这样就不会有人打扰卵了。)”可知，本段内容与保护海龟蛋有关，C项“This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. (这有助于他们定位海龟产卵的地方。)”，C项起到承上启下的作用，句中的This指代上文的find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there, locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs与下文figured out where the eggs were laid呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。 3．根据上文“Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is ‘Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act’. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. (佛罗里达州政府已经通过了拯救海龟的法律。其中一项法律是《佛罗里达州海龟保护法》。这项法律禁止任何人扰乱或破坏海龟、海龟巢或海龟蛋)”可知，佛罗里达有了保护海龟、海龟巢或海龟蛋的法律，D项“It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. (它还有助于确保海龟的自然栖息地得到保护。)”，句中的It知道上文的Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act，由also可知，D项承接上一句，说明了法律保护的具体范畴，上下文衔接连贯。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. (小海龟通常在沙滩上孵化，然后游向大海。当有明亮的光线从远离海洋的海岸的另一边照射过来时，小海龟就会感到困惑。)”可知，小海龟因为夜间的人造光，迷失了方向，A项“Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. (它们中的许多海龟没能进入海洋就死了。)”可知，句中的them指代上文的the baby turtles，上下文语意一致，衔接连贯。故选A项。 5．根据本段最后一句“Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! (社区中的每个人都有能力做出改变！)”可知，这是本段的结尾总结句，提及到每一位社区成员，为了保护海龟，佛罗里达的居民们也要尽一份力，G项“Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. (每个佛罗里达人都可以尽自己的一份力量来保护海龟和它们的环境。)”，G项为本段中心句，与最后的总结句呼应，语意一致。故选G项。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高一上·北京市十一学校·期末） All living things need clean, fresh water to survive. Ninety-seven percent of the water on Earth is in the ocean. The salt in the ocean water makes it unusable for drinking. Another two percent is frozen in the ice caps and glaciers on the Earth. This leaves one percent of the water on Earth available for us to use. 1 Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available. One factor that we can’t change is where it will rain. The amount of rain an area receives affects the amount of water available for use. Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground. Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams. 2 According to a study done by the state of California, the average person uses over one hundred gallons of water per day. Water is used for drinking, taking a shower or bath, brushing teeth, washing hands, cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and flushing toilets. Using water wisely is important. 1 Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water. There are low-flow shower heads and faucets(水龙头), dishwashers and washing machines that use up to 50% less water, and toilets that use only one-third of the water that they did a few years ago. Installing these items in your home is the first line of defense against wasting water. There are many other ways you can help. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. Take a shower rather than a bath. 2 If you find one, let your parents know. A good way to have cool water available all the time is to keep a pitcher in the fridge. This way you won’ have to wait for the water in the pipes to bring you colder water to drink. Only run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. This can save hundreds of gallons of water a year. 3 Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available. So, make a fuss and conserve water. It’s worth it! A．It’s also important to fix leaky faucets. B．Water is an important natural resource. C．All of these will help to conserve water. D．There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you. E．No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water. F．Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away. G．No matter where we live, we must be careful with the water we have in our part of the world. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了影响我们用水量的因素，以及几种节约用水的方法和建议。 1．根据下文“Where you live, the amount of rain that falls, and how water is collected and reserved all affect the amount of cool, clear water available.”（你住在哪里，降雨量，以及水是如何收集和储存的，这些都影响着可用的凉爽、清澈的水的量。）可知，讲的是可用水量。结合选项D项There are many factors that affect the amount of water available for you.（有很多因素会影响你的用水量。）也是讲的可用水量的因素，和下文内容相关，下文是空格处内容的解释和说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 2．根据上文“Some major cities are located in areas where they can get water from the ground.  Other areas use surface water from lakes, rivers, or streams.”（一些大城市所处的地区可以从地下取水。其他地区使用来自湖泊、河流或溪流的地表水。）可知，讲的是获取水的渠道。结合选项F项Those places with no water readily available must pipe water in from far away.（那些没有现成水源的地方必须从远处用管道输水。）可知，讲的是没有现成水源来获取水的方法。上下文内容相关，都是讲的获取水的来源和方法。下文是上文内容的递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 3．由该空格处位于该段句首，可知为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Today, we have many helpful tools to help us save water.”（今天，我们有许多有用的工具来帮助我们节约用水。）可知，讲的是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项E项No matter where you live, there are many ways you can help conserve water.（无论你住在哪里，都有很多方法可以帮助你节约用水。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。 4．根据该段句首“There are many other ways you can help.”（你还可以通过很多其他方式提供帮助。）提到其它方式节约水，并且下文提到两个例子。结合选项A项It’s also important to fix leaky faucets.（修理漏水的水龙头也很重要）也是一种节约用水的方法。再结合空格处下文“If you find one, let your parents know.”（如果你发现了漏水的水龙头，让你的父母知道。）可知，这里的one指的是选项A中提到的水龙头。故选项A为上下文的承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 5．根据上文提到的一些节约用水的方法。以及下文“Learning to use it wisely will ensure that it will always be available.”（学会明智地使用它将确保它永远可用。）结合选项C项All of these will help to conserve water.（所有这些都将有助于节约用水。）为对上文内容的总结，下文是对空格处内容的补充说明。故选C项。 Passage 6 （22-23学年高一上·北京市第十二中学·期末） Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure. The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. 1 They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before. The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. 2 Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. 3 The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. 4 Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest. These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. 5 A．Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways. B．In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language. C．In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation. D．The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth. E．The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation. F．Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing. G．They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，并介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。 1．根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的。)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，C选项中they指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故C选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的。”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员。)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，F选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故F选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应。”符合语境，呼应第二段“They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.(他们试图找到一大群人，其中一些人之前从未见过其他人对成功或失败做出反应，这一点非常重要。)”，故选F。 3．根据上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势。)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. (获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄。 )”可知，上文提到Tracy和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故A选项“通过思路点拨数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同。”符合语境，故选 A 。 4．根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. (获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄。)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest. (从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小。)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故D选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力。”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地。 )”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，G选项中They指代上文中pride and shame。故G选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为。”符合语境，故选G 。 Passage 7 （22-23学年高一上·北京市通州区·期末） If you have been exposed to a natural disaster (for example, a tornado or hurricane), it is very important to learn ways of coping with natural disasters and their impact (巨大影响). Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk. 1 Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (扰乱) coping efforts. Despite the effects of natural disasters, there are steps you can take to cope. 2 Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster. Try to establish a schedule. 3 A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of control. Coming up with a daily, structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability(可预测性) and control. Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. 4 A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. If you hold them in, they may only grow stronger in intensity. Practice healthy coping strategies. Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. 5 Alcohol use, excessive sleep, or seeking comfort in food may be effective short- term strategies for managing emotional distress. However, in the long- term, these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase. A．Seek out and connect with social support. B．Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life. C．For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning. D．Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger. E．Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions. F．Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions. G．Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每个人在生活中都有可能面临突如其来的自然灾害，当这样的灾难真的来临的时候，人们肯定会有压力、恐惧等各种不适的情绪。文章告诉人们如何来处理这种不适的感觉。 1．根据后句“Unlike other traumatic (痛苦的) events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting (扰乱) coping efforts.(与其他创伤性事件不同，自然灾害也会导致财产和经济损失的破坏，进一步影响你的压力水平，破坏你的应对努力。)”可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。所以选择项D“Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.(自然灾害会带来高度的压力、焦虑和愤怒。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 2．根据后句“Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. (人们一次又一次地发现，来自他人的支持是帮助人们克服创伤性事件负面影响的主要因素。)”可知，要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。所以选择项A“Seek out and connect with social support. (寻找并联系社会支持。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 3．根据前句“Try to establish a schedule. (试着建立一个时间表。)”可知，要制订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。所以选择项C“For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning. (例如，固定吃饭时间，或者早上起床时间。)”举例子说明要建立时间表，符合上下文语境。故选C。 4．根据前句“Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. (谈谈自然灾害的影响。)”可知，通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。所以选择项E“Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions. (与他人分享你的感受，或者找到一些方式来表达你的情绪。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。 5．根据前句“Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. (自然灾害之后，你会经历一系列强烈的负面情绪。)”可知，当在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感体验后，一定要会用健康的方法去调整这样的情感。所以选择项F“Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions. (因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 Passage 8 （22-23学年高一上·北京市昌平区·期末） For many parents, it is not easy to ask for information from children about what they did at school all day. 1 But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word. It doesn’t have to be so tough. With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up. 2 Don’t ask “How was your day?”. This question often leads to one-word answers or a shrug. For many children, the question is too general and they don’t want to think about how to answer it with specifics. Share your own experiences. 1 Don’t shy away from sharing your challenging experiences.  It will get the conversation started and help children understand their own emotions. Labeling that you are also having a stressful experience is a good chance to show them how they might do that. 2 Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way. Avoid distractions. Choose a time to talk when you’ll be able to listen to your child. 1 Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you’re not paying full attention. Full focus will help you ask follow-up questions, which are important to show interest. A．Don’t rush to know everything. B．Sometimes, kids are happy to chat. C．Don’t expect only positive experiences. D．Here’s how to get them to tell you about their day. E．Put your phone down and avoid doing other chores. F．One way is to ask children to retell what they learned in school. G．Children may follow your lead if you share your own highlights and lowlights. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．G 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述让孩子如何敞开心扉和你谈话的一些方法。 1．根据下文“But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word.(但其他时候，他们保持沉默或只用一句话回应。)”可推断出上文和此相反，B选项“有时候，孩子们很乐意聊天。”符合题意，并且“Sometimes”呼应下文的“other times”，故选B。 2．根据上文“With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up.(有了正确的策略，即使是最沉默的孩子也会敞开心扉。) ”再结合下文的各个小标题，可知此处讲有一些方法可以让孩子敞开心扉，故D选项“下面是如何让他们告诉你他们的一天。”符合题意，故选D。 3．根据小标题“分享你自己的经历”可知本段主要讲关于怎样去分享自己的经历的，G选项“如果你分享你自己的亮点和不足，孩子们可能会跟随你的脚步。”符合本段主旨，并且紧密连接下文，故选G。 4．根据本段内容“Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.(问问你的孩子什么时候感到失望、沮丧或悲伤。让孩子们分享消极和积极的情绪，可以帮助他们以一种更常规、压力更小的方式解决问题。)”可知本段讲不但要分享积极的情绪，也要分享消极的情绪，C选项“不要只期待积极的经历。”概况了本段主旨，故选C。 5．根据上文“Choose a time to talk when you’ll be able to listen to your child.(选择一个你能听孩子说话的时间。) ”可知要选择不能分心的时间去听孩子说话，再结合下文“Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you’re not paying full attention.( 当你没有全神贯注的时候，孩子不太可能给出深思熟虑的答案。)”，可推测出此处为说明你应该如何做才能不分心，E选项“放下手机，避免做其他家务”起到承上启下的作用，故选E。 Passage 9 （22-23学年高一上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Learn to Be Accountable How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships. What does being accountable mean? It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. 1 You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control. 2 According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. 3 For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too. How can you be accountable? 1 One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. 2 We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens. A．What makes you accountable? B．How is being accountable good for you? C．But we do have a say in how we respond to it. D．Start by understanding what is in and out of your control. E．Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more. F．Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late. G．This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。 1．上文“It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. (责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. (你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。 2．下文“According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. (根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.( 负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“How is being accountable good for you? (做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。 3．下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.( 承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。 4．上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。 5．上文“We can’t always control what happens to us.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude. (我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“But we do have a say in how we respond to it.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $