Unit5 Grammar 知识点整理讲义：不定冠词，可数名词复数和不可数名词-2025-2026学年译林版（2024） 七年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语7AU5核心语法，系统梳理不定冠词a/an的发音规则及例外情况，可数名词复数的规则与不规则变化，不可数名词的计量方式，以及maybe与may be的用法辨析，构建从词法基础到词汇运用的递进式学习支架。 该资料亮点在于规则讲解精准且实例丰富，如a/an依发音而非字母（例honest boy用an），名词复数分类清晰（如potato变potatoes）。练习情境化（含神舟18号、张桂梅事迹等），既提升语言运用能力，又通过易混点辨析培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后分层练习帮助学生巩固基础、查漏补缺，发展自主学习能力。

7AU5 Grammar：不定冠词a,an的用法 注：标★题目超纲 不定冠词a，an表示微弱的“一”的概念，表示的名词为不特定的某一个。 1.a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前，如： a book 一本书 a lifestyle 一种生活方式 a lemon 一个柠檬 2.an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词或字母前，如： an apple 一个苹果 an old man 一位老人 an important part 一个重要部分 [注意]1.某些单词以不发音的辅音字母开头，但发音的第一个音素是元音音素，前面的不定冠词要用an。如： an hour：一个小时 an honest boy：一个诚实的男孩 2.某些单词以元音字母开头，但发音的第一个音素是辅音音素，前面的不定冠词要用a。 a useful dictionary一本有用的字典 a university 一所大学 [巩固练习]单项选择 1.—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the D.an, the 2.It’s reported that it’ll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him. A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.There was ________ one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank. A.an B.a C.the D./ 5.Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus. A.a；/ B./；a C.the；a D.a；a 6.I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A.a；an B.an；the C.an；a D.a；the 8.There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A.the B.a C./ D.an 9.Zhang Guimei is ______ unusual teacher. She set up the first free girls’ high school in 2008. A.a B.an C./ D.the 10.China is ______ Asian country, while France is ______ European country. A.an；a B.a；an C.an； an D.a；a 11.—My son seldom has ________ breakfast. —It is _________ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it. A./；an B.the；an C./；a D.the；a 12.I think it is a little difficult to ask Tom, ________ 8-year-old boy, to tell ________ one-hundred-word story in front of so many people. A.an；a B.a；an C.the；a D.an；an 13.Every morning, I go to school by bike after having ________ quick but nice breakfast. A.a B.an C.the D./ 14.________ young man in red and white leather sports shoes is ________ American basketball player called Carmelon Anthony. A.The；an B.The；a C.A；an D.A；a 15.—Hi, Jim! What’s that on the desk? —It’s ________ eraser. And ________ eraser is mine. A.an；an B.the；the C.the；an D.an；the 答案：BBBBA ABBBA AAAAD Grammar：可数名词复数和不可数名词 注：标★题目超纲 一、可数名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在词尾加-s book→books watermelon→watermelons 2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词后加-es bus→buses watch→watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y变成i，再加-es family→families story→stories 4.以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v，再加-es half→halves wife→wives 5.以o结尾的词，有生命的加-es potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 无生命的加-s radio→radios bamboo→bamboos 二、可数名词复数的不规则变化 1.man→men woman→women child→children foot→feet mouse→mice tooth→teeth 2.单复数同形的可数名词： fish、deer、sheep 3.各国人变复数 (1)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese (2)man变为men：Englishman→Englishmen、Frenchman→Frenchmen (3)加-s：German→Germans American→Americans Australian→Australians Indian→Indians 三、不可数名词的分类： 1.物质名词：milk，chocolate，sand，paper 2.抽象名词：news，information，Math，advice 四、不可数名词的计量形式：基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词 a glass of water：一杯水 a piece of news：一条新闻 two pairs of glasses：两副眼镜 [巩固练习]语法填空 1. [2025广西]At times, when we take ________(photo) of beautiful views, we might also post them to share. 2.When I’m tired, the robot tells funny ________(story) to make me laugh. 3.There are two ________(knife) in his bag. 4.She bought a kilo of ________(tomato). 5.There ________(be) lots of sheep on the hill. 6.________(woman) Day is coming. What gift would you like to buy for your mother? 7.Wuhan, one of the most important ________(city) in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower. 8.In the day, when she saw him pick up some ________(leaf) with his trunk (象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. 9.The old couple have two sons and both of them are ________(postman). 10.Dolphins are good at driving fish to the coast. ________(fisherman) often work closely with them to catch fish. 答案：1.photos 2.stories 3.knives 4.tomatoes 5.are 6.Women’s 7.cities 8.leaves 9.postmen 10.Fishermen [巩固练习]单项选择 1. —The ________ on the ground look very lovely. —Would you like to raise(饲养) some? I can give you five of them. A.chicken B.beef C.rice D.chickens 2.The three _______ students’ mothers are all ________ teachers in our school. A.boy；woman B.boy；women C.boys；women D.boys；woman 3.There are ________ on my farm, so I often have some delicious ________ to eat. A.chickens；chickens B.chicken；chickens C.chickens；chicken D.chicken；chicken 4.—Would you like _________ coffee? —No, thanks. I’ve drunk two cartons of milk. A.any B.little C.some D.a few 5.—________ pork do you need for your dinner? —One and a half _________. A.How many；kilo B.How much；kilos C.How many；kilos D.How much；kilo 6.—How much ________ do you need? —We need two cups. A.milk B.egg C.pear D.potato 7.There are only a few ________ and two ________ in the fridge. A.cartons of juice, baskets of oranges B.cartons of juices, baskets of oranges C.cartons of juice, baskets of orange D.cartons of juices, baskets of orange 8.There is some ________ and three ________ in my bag. A.bread；tomatoes B.breads；tomatos C.bread；tomatos D.breads；tomatoes 9.I want to buy much ________. A.apples B.pears C.milk D.peaches 10.—Are you hungry? —Yes. Let’s have two ________. A.bowls of noodles B.bowl of noodle C.bowls of noodle D.bowl of noodles 11.11.—Kate, you have two ________ in your basket. —Yes, I want to eat ________ tonight. A.fish；fish B.fishes；fishes C.fishes；fish D.fish；fishes 12.—What animals can you find on the farm? —I can find some ________ and many ________. A.gooses；sheeps B.geese；sheeps C.goose；sheep D.geese；sheep 13.There are many apples ________ the tree. How many ________ can you see? A.in；apple trees B.on；apple trees C.in；apples tree D.on；apples tree 14.My mother is going to buy two ________ of ________ in the supermarket. A.bag，rice B.bag，rices C.bags，rice D.bags，rices 15.These are my ________. A.carrot plant B.carrots plant C.carrots plants D.carrot plants 答案：1-5DBCCB 6-10AAACA 11-15ADBCD 【知识梳理1】Maybe we should get some cakes and bread too!(P62) 也许我们也应该买一些蛋糕和面包！ maybe，副词，意为“也许”，相当于perhaps，在句中做状语。 Without children around them, the old people there might feel lonely once in a while. Maybe they need your help.如果没有子女在身边陪伴，那里的老人有时可能会感到孤独。也许他们需要您的帮助。 [辨析]maybe与may be 1.maybe，副词，意为“也许”，在句中做状语，常用于句首。 2.may be，“情态动词+be动词”结构，意为“可能是”，在句中做谓语，只用在句中。 Maybe you are right.=You may be right.也许你是对的。 [巩固练习]单项选择 1.The young man in a white coat ________ work as a doctor. Look! He is walking to the hospital. _______ he is on his way to work. A.may be；Maybe B.maybe；May be C.may；Maybe D.maybe；May 2.Mr Black ________ your new English teacher. A.maybe B.be might C.may be D.might is 答案：CC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $