专题07 句子还原六选四（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题07 句子还原六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） Tech companies want your kid’s birth date. Should you tell them? Technology companies already know all about you and your family, including your location, interests and other details. But recently they have been asking a question that can feel a little too personal. Streaming services, games and social media companies want to know young children’s birth dates. 1 . The app often knows a child is watching thanks to built-in settings that let you set up profiles for kids. Families are faced with a hard choice: share a sensitive piece of information about their child, lie or find a new way to watch “Bluey.” “It makes me uncomfortable, and obviously my children cannot agree to that profile being created,” said Dan Raile, a stay-at-home parent in San Francisco. The company declined to comment on the policy but pointed to an explanation on its website that says in part that birth dates are used to improve its services and “deliver targeted advertising.” In the past, most apps and services asked you to confirm you were over a certain age — typically 13 in the United States-when creating a new account, but not to give a birth date. 2 . “There is more legal requirement to treat people in age-appropriate ways, and to do that correctly, you need to have a pretty good idea of how old someone is,” said Josh Golin, executive director at Fairplay, a nonprofit children’s safety group. A birth date is considered a piece of personal identifying information. For most adults online, this type of information is already available. Many parents, are worried their children’s information being used for anything from marketing to identify theft, are reluctant to hand over the date to tech companies. “ 3 . Companies are already collecting so much information on their users that they should be able to infer what ages they are,” said Irene Ly, policy counsel at Common Sense Media. What can you do instead? The solution, if you’re comfortable, could be to lie, some experts said. But just a little. “Generally, lie with some caution,” said Hayley Tsukayama, a senior legislative activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital civil liberties group. 4 . That would be inaccurate data if it fell into the wrong hands. “It’s a shame because we should be able to trust that these platforms are only collecting our child’s birthday and using it for exactly the reason they say. But we can’t really trust that, so I think lying is okay,” Golin said. A．It’s understandable that parents feel hesitant. B．But for some parents, that degree of detail is a step too far. C．Now, more tech companies are trying to confirm the exact ages of their users, including those who are under 18. D．She recommended entering your child’s birthday as a month earlier or a month later so the general age is the same. E．Disney Plus, on the other hand, says it can use the information to personalize content and recommendations and to deliver targeted ads. F．When Disney Plus started demanding that existing users enter their children’s exact birth date to continue streaming, many parents were alarmed. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市曹杨中学·期末） How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 5 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 6 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 7 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 8 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） Bushwalking is a popular activity in Australia, and in North America it is referred to as backpacking. Interested in trying it out? 9 Keep an eye on the weather. We don’t advise going bushwalking in extreme weather. Before heading out, make sure that the temperature is suitable for walking, and keep an eye out for relevant announcements, such as bush fire or flash flood warning. 10 Forming a group of three or more is recommended. Aside from walking with a group, it’s also advisable that you inform someone who isn’t going walking with you. You can also choose to go bush walking with local people. They’ re generally more well-prepared for any type of situation. Research your route. 11 Unless you are familiar with the area, it’s best not to go in blindly. So do your research, and take the time to plan a route that is appropriate for your and your walking party’s fitness level. Be prepared. Take a first-aid kit along. Do put on your strongest pair of shoes and make sure they offer adequate foot support. 12 Finally, it’s recommended that each person in the party should carry some water and high-energy food. A．Avoid walking alone. B．Be careful of any possible dangers. C．Walking with strangers isn’t permitted. D．Wear clothes in layers that are easy to put on and take off. E．Bushwalking usually means that paths aren’t marked. F．Before you set off, make a note of the following safety guidelines. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Home: An anchor of order and comfort One of the first questions we ask when we meet someone new is “Where are you from?” But we seldom pause to consider how complicated that question is. Does it mean where you currently live? Where you were born? Where you grew up? Environmental psychologists have long understood that the word “home” clearly connotes more than just a house. It encompasses people, places, objects and memories. 13 A 2008 study asked people to identify “the place in your heart you consider to be home.” Twenty-six percent reported that home was where they were born or raised; only 22 percent said that it was where they currently lived. Eighteen percent identified home as the place that they had lived the longest, and 15 percent felt that it was where most of their extended family had come from. 14 No matter where they come from, people tend to think about home as a central place that represents order, a counterbalance to the chaos that exists elsewhere. This might explain why, when asked to draw a picture of “where you live,” children and adolescents around the world invariably place their house in the center of the sheet of paper. In short, it’s what everything else revolves around. The Zuni of the American Southwest have long viewed the house as a living thing. It’s where they raise their kids and communicate with spirits, and there’s an annual ritual — called the Shalak — in which homes are blessed and consecrated as part of the year-end winter solstice celebration. The ceremony strengthens bonds to the community, to the family (including dead ancestors), and to the spirits and gods by dramatizing the connection each party has to the home. 15 But our holiday traditions probably sound familiar: eating with family, exchanging gifts, catching up with old friends and visiting old haunts. These homecoming rituals affirm and renew a person’s place in the family and often are a key way to strengthen the family’s social fabric. Home, therefore, is a predictable and secure place where you feel in control and properly oriented in space and time. 16 It is a place where, as the poet Robert Frost aptly wrote, “when you have to go there, they have to take you in.” A．Where we live is closely tied to our sense of who we are. B．During the holidays, we might not perform any official rituals to bless our home. C．But if you look at different cultures across time, a common thread emerges. D．It is a bridge between your past and your present, an enduring link with your family and friends. E．So what or where, exactly, do people consider “home”? F．Different cultures interpret the concept of “home” in their own unique ways. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市育才中学 期末） There’s a loud bang, and then it starts: A battery of an electric car is on fire in the test tunnel. A video of the test impressively shows the energy stored in such batteries: meter-long flames flee in disorder and produce enormous amounts of thick, black smoke. The visibility in the previously brightly lit tunnel section quickly approaches zero. After a few minutes, ashes have spread throughout the room. “In our experiment we were considering in particular private and public operators of small and large underground or multi-storey car parks,” says project leader Lars Derek Mellert, “all these existing underground structures are being used to an increasing extent by electric cars.” And the operators ask themselves: “ 21 ?” But until now there has been hardly any meaningful technical literature, let alone practical experience for such a case. So Mellert developed three test scenarios, the results of which were published in a final report in August 2020. “ 22 Besides, they are possibly fatal regardless of the type of drive or energy storage system.” says the final report. The primary objective has to be to get everyone out of the danger zone as quickly as possible. The highly poisonous hydrofluoric acid has often been discussed as a particular danger in burning batteries. 23 The real problem, however, is the extinguishing and cooling water that is produced when fighting such a fire and storing a burnt-out battery in a water basin. The analyses showed that some chemical substances in the extinguishing water goes beyond the limit values for industrial wastewater by a factor of 70; the cooling water is even up to 100-times above limit values. 24 Firefighters know that the battery of an electric car is impossible to extinguish and that it can only be cooled with large amounts of water. But this is already known to the specialists and is being practiced. A．The pollutants emitted by a burning vehicle have always been dangerous B．What on earth causes Lithium batteries to catch fire C．Even the fire brigades do not have to learn anything new on the basis of the tests D．The acid can possibly result in death, while its effects may delay after exposure E．But in the three tests in the tunnel the concentrations remained far below critical levels F．What will happen if such a car catches fire Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市行知中学·期末） You’re Choosing a Gift. Here’s What Not to Do. On Christmas morning, a husband quietly apologizes to his wife that his gifts this year are humble-money is tight. She bravely declares that she loves the sweater. Later, as the children play with their new toys, the husband reveals one last gift box. 37 She squeals (发出尖叫声) with astonished delight. This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong. 38 Ignore price. When researchers asked people to recall a gift they gave and then to rate how much they thought receivers liked it, higher prices went with higher ratings. But when people made the same ratings for a gift they had received, price was completely unrelated to enjoyment. 39 Gift givers tend to focus on how pleasurable it would be to use the gift, but overlook how easily or often the gift will be used; a husband might imagine his wife feeling like a million dollars in her diamonds, but ignore the fact that she seldom wears formal jewelry. Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days. 40 However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter. A．Give people what they ask for: B．Give gifts that are actually usable. C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市进才中学·期末） How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 17 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 18 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 19 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 20 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市南洋模范中学·期末） Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls. 29 The clear water of the canal reflected the dazzling autumn sunshine. This is a familiar scene in Milan’s Navigli district on the last Sunday of every month. Located in the city’s south-west corner, the Navigli district remains one of the last true connections the Milanese have with water. The Grand Canal (Naviglio Grande) itself dates back to 1177. Although not widely known, Milan’s centre was once traced with waterways, like those of Venice. 30 London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree. Yet, Milan, one of the wealthiest cities in Europe, has none. The city had to make one for itself. Between the 12th and 17th centuries, a network of canals was developed in order to grow the city’s wealth and influence. Most of the last traces of this network can be seen in Navigli. The rest fell victim to modernisation during the mid-20th century. As automobiles and trains replaced boats, the Inner Ring was buried under concrete (混凝土). For the most part, the canals are still there, covered over by new roads and buildings. 31 The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo. Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk. 32 Currently, designs are being drafted for an underground tunnel to allow the water to pass through the city’s centre. It is hoped that the project will be completed by 2026 when Milan is set to co-host the Winter Olympics. A．It will help the Milanese to live better lives. B．We have to see the re-opening as a big project for redeveloping the city. C．Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it. D．Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers. E．In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”). F．Its ongoing popularity long after the Expo has led to an ambitious project to completely re-open Milan’s Inner Ring. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市华东师范大学第三附属中学·期末） Never kill a spider! Even though spiders are nasty crawlers that you probably look down upon, killing them could actually do your house more harm than good. Here’s why. Besides having long legs and nasty behavior, most people are scared of spiders for one specific reason: their bite. If you’re not sure about the type of spider, there’s always a chance that the spider could be poisonous. 25 These types of bites actually don’t come from the innocent brown spiders that make a home within your home. In fact, it’s actually quite difficult for a spider like that to bite you. So if that’s the case, why are we so drawn to killing spiders? As a matter of fact, it is more likely that spiders help our homes instead of harming them. Since spiders are natural predators(食肉动物), they capture pests, including flies, within your home. 26 They go for those nasty indoor pests such as cockroaches and mosquitoes. The more you keep around daddy long-legs, a kind of spider, the fewer mosquitoes you’ll have floating around your home. 27 So if you see a spider on its web, you’d better leave that spider alone. In all, that’s not such a bad thing as spiders kill other pests in your home. 28 So you can find many easy solutions to drive spiders away instead of crushing them into pieces. A．Spiders even prey(捕食) after disease-carrying insects. B．Then can you have spiders crawling here and there? C．Spiders often come indoors seeking warmth and food. D．But that doesn’t necessarily mean you want them anywhere near you. E．Typical household spiders will create webs where their food source is coming from. F．However, it has been proven that only about 10 percent of spider bites lead to serious results. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上上海市嘉定区·期末） Group Intelligence Being smart doesn’t matter much if you’re working in a group, according to the first study to calculate collective intelligence — a group’s ability to succeed at a variety of tasks. Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found. 49 That also explains why groups with more women — who score higher on tests of social sensitivity — were more likely to stand out, said study leader Anita Williams Woolley, an expert in collective intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Particularly intelligent groups also had more people who took turns speaking, according to the study, published in the journal Science. To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests. 50 The results revealed that certain groups were better at all types of tasks, which is the “primary evidence for collective intelligence,” Woolley said. 51 As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said. 52 — especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings, she said. For instance, knowing a group’s collective intelligence could be vital in a situation like starting a new business. A．There’s such a focus on individual intelligence and individual accomplishment. B．This ability to predict group success may offer guidance in real-life situations. C．Instead, a group is more successful if it contains people who can read emotions from people’s faces. D．Group intelligence may also be rooted in the past. E．The volunteers were then split into groups of two to five and asked to do some simple tasks. F．Next, the groups were each asked to perform more complex tasks. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市晋元高级中学·期末） Why that tiny piece of plastic on your pizza is a true lifesaver Have you ever opened your pizza delivery and seen a tiny plastic tripod sitting at the pizza’s center? It turns out that it’s not actually a kitchen table for ants. 41 Delivery pizza has been coming in cheap cardboard boxes since the dawn of time. These boxes are great for many reasons — they’re inexpensive and easily recyclable. 42 If its center is depressed enough to make contact with the pizza within, all hell breaks loose. The cheese is torn off the pizza and sticks to the top of the box. A Long Island woman named Carmela Vitale recognized this problem back in the 1980s, and set about inventing a fix. 43 She filed a patent request for the design in 1983, and her patent was approved in 1985. Pizza savers are not re-used and are typically thrown away, although some people have found secondary users for them such as egg holders when they are turned upside down. While not every pizza delivery company uses them and they currently sell for less than one cent apiece, it is still estimated that a single manufacturer of pizza savers could be making as much as $8 million per year because of the enormous pizza sales. 44 According to a report, she put an end to her patent in 1993, and she passed away in 2005. The next time you crack open your pizza box, thank Vitale and her pizza saver for keeping your cheese slice of heaven undamaged. A．She then talked with several companies about the problem. B．They are also light and easy to carry. C．But the thin cardboard lid does tend to collapse. D．This device is called a pizza saver, and it’s been protecting your previous pizza for over 30 years. E．Unfortunately, it appears that Vitale never manufactured pizza savers herself. F．Vitale came up with designs for the pizza saver, or as she called it, a “package saver”. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市同济大学第一附属中学·期末） Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 45 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 46 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 47 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 48 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市奉贤区·期末） The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. 57 In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. 58 If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. The human population has never been bigger, but in some ways the planet seems to begetting unbelievably smaller. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia spent months at sea. Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours. When you arrived in another country a hundred years ago, you saw unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings and discovered a completely different culture. In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. 59 Even the languages that we use are becoming more global. There are around seven thousand languages in use today. 60 I grew up in a small village where everyone spoke Baras, one of Indonesia’s local languages. Today, like most of the youth from my village, I live in the capital, Jakarta, and speak Indonesian there. The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country, so the language is threatened with extinction. A．But the number is decreasing fast. B．Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. C．The planet might be a lot more peaceful if that were the case. D．However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. E．A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. F．With only one language left, there will be no culture difference in the world. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 33 . Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. 34 . Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain. 35 . Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat. While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. 36 . Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies. A．Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response B．This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience C．Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice D．This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it E．Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness F．Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市虹口区·期末） Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings. 53 Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. “One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.” Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. 54 And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. 55 Can you care for them daily? If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “ 56 It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham. A．For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time? B．Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up. C．It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science. D．While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional. E．The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment. F．Just one plant can make a difference. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 句子还原六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） Tech companies want your kid’s birth date. Should you tell them? Technology companies already know all about you and your family, including your location, interests and other details. But recently they have been asking a question that can feel a little too personal. Streaming services, games and social media companies want to know young children’s birth dates. 1 . The app often knows a child is watching thanks to built-in settings that let you set up profiles for kids. Families are faced with a hard choice: share a sensitive piece of information about their child, lie or find a new way to watch “Bluey.” “It makes me uncomfortable, and obviously my children cannot agree to that profile being created,” said Dan Raile, a stay-at-home parent in San Francisco. The company declined to comment on the policy but pointed to an explanation on its website that says in part that birth dates are used to improve its services and “deliver targeted advertising.” In the past, most apps and services asked you to confirm you were over a certain age — typically 13 in the United States-when creating a new account, but not to give a birth date. 2 . “There is more legal requirement to treat people in age-appropriate ways, and to do that correctly, you need to have a pretty good idea of how old someone is,” said Josh Golin, executive director at Fairplay, a nonprofit children’s safety group. A birth date is considered a piece of personal identifying information. For most adults online, this type of information is already available. Many parents, are worried their children’s information being used for anything from marketing to identify theft, are reluctant to hand over the date to tech companies. “ 3 . Companies are already collecting so much information on their users that they should be able to infer what ages they are,” said Irene Ly, policy counsel at Common Sense Media. What can you do instead? The solution, if you’re comfortable, could be to lie, some experts said. But just a little. “Generally, lie with some caution,” said Hayley Tsukayama, a senior legislative activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital civil liberties group. 4 . That would be inaccurate data if it fell into the wrong hands. “It’s a shame because we should be able to trust that these platforms are only collecting our child’s birthday and using it for exactly the reason they say. But we can’t really trust that, so I think lying is okay,” Golin said. A．It’s understandable that parents feel hesitant. B．But for some parents, that degree of detail is a step too far. C．Now, more tech companies are trying to confirm the exact ages of their users, including those who are under 18. D．She recommended entering your child’s birthday as a month earlier or a month later so the general age is the same. E．Disney Plus, on the other hand, says it can use the information to personalize content and recommendations and to deliver targeted ads. F．When Disney Plus started demanding that existing users enter their children’s exact birth date to continue streaming, many parents were alarmed. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕科技公司要求用户提供孩子的出生日期这一做法展开讨论，分析了家长对此的担忧、科技公司的解释以及专家对此的看法和建议。 1．根据后文“The app often knows a child is watching thanks to built-in settings that let you set up profiles for kids.(由于内置设置允许您为孩子设置个人资料，该应用程序通常知道孩子正在观看。)”可知，此句提到一款应用允许为孩子设置个人资料，所以空处应是说明具体应用及其要求，F项“When Disney Plus started demanding that existing users enter their children’s exact birth date to continue streaming, many parents were alarmed.(当Disney Plus开始要求现有用户输入孩子的确切出生日期才能继续流媒体时，许多家长都感到震惊)”符合文意，提到Disney Plus这款应用，引出下文。故选F项。 2．根据前文“In the past, most apps and services asked you to confirm you were over a certain age--typically 13 in the United States-when creating a new account, but not to give a birth date.(过去，大多数应用程序和服务在创建新账户时都会要求你确认自己已超过一定年龄——在美国通常是13岁，但不会提供出生日期)”可知，此处讲述过去应用程序的情况，所以C项“Now, more tech companies are trying to confirm the exact ages of their users, including those who are under 18.(现在，越来越多的科技公司正试图确认其用户的确切年龄，包括那些未满18岁的用户)”讲述现在的情况，和前文形成对比。故选C项。 3．根据前文“Many parents, are worried their children’s information being used for anything from marketing to identify theft, are reluctant to hand over the date to tech companies.(许多家长担心孩子的信息被用于从营销到身份盗窃等各种用途，因此不愿将数据交给科技公司)”可知，此处讨论父母的担心信息被泄露，根据后文“Companies are already collecting so much information on their users that they should be able to infer what ages they are(公司已经收集了如此多的用户信息，他们应该能够推断出用户的年龄)”可知，公司已经收集了如此多的用户信息，A项“It’s understandable that parents feel hesitant.(家长们感到犹豫是可以理解的)”承接上文，引出下文。故选A项。 4．根据前文““Generally, lie with some caution,” said Hayley Tsukayama, a senior legislative activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital civil liberties group.(数字公民自由组织电子前沿基金会（Electronic Frontier Foundation）的资深立法活动人士Hayley Tsukayama说：“一般来说，说谎要谨慎一些。”)”可知，此处提到在填写资料的时候说谎，所以D项“She recommended entering your child’s birthday as a month earlier or a month later so the general age is the same.(她建议将孩子的生日提前一个月或晚一个月填写，这样一般年龄是一样的)”承接上文，说明具体资料填写建议，其中she指的就是Hayley Tsukayama。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市曹杨中学·期末） How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 5 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 6 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 7 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 8 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. 【答案】5．D 6．E 7．C 8．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何快乐的生活，提供了一些实用的方法。 5．根据下文“Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. (与大自然接触可以帮助你减轻压力，使你更有创造力，提高你的记忆力，甚至可能使你成为一个更健康的人。)”可知，设空处要说明人应该在大自然中锻炼会更好， 然后紧接着说在大自然中锻炼对人产生的积极影响。故D选项It would be better if you take exercise in nature.(如果你在大自然中锻炼会更好)，符合句意，其中exercise与上文对应。故选D项。 6．此处是本段小标题，根据本段“Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement.(关系比你想象的更有价值。没有社交联系会让你变得更愚蠢，甚至致命。孤独会导致心脏病发作、中风和糖尿病。另一方面，研究表明，地球上寿命最长的人都非常重视社会参与。)”可知，本段主要在讨论和朋友、家人在一起的重要性，也就是设空处所要说的内容。故E选项Spend time with friends and family.(花时间与朋友和家人在一起)符合句意。故选E项。 7．根据本文标题Challenge Yourself.(挑战自己)，再根据下文“Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. (音乐课程增加智慧。挑战你的信念会增强你的心智。)”可知，此处以上音乐课为例说明要挑战自己，挑战自己能给自己带来好处，C项Learning another language can keep your mind sharp.(学习另一种语言能让你思维敏捷。)符合语境，因为这也是挑战自己的一种方式。故选C项。 8．根据上文“Humor is a good way to cause laughter.(幽默是引起笑声的一种好方式。)”可知，设空处与上一句为并列关系，所以F选项Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot.(想想有趣的时刻或事情也会引起笑声)，符合句意，其中funny moments和上文 laughter对应。故选F项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） Bushwalking is a popular activity in Australia, and in North America it is referred to as backpacking. Interested in trying it out? 9 Keep an eye on the weather. We don’t advise going bushwalking in extreme weather. Before heading out, make sure that the temperature is suitable for walking, and keep an eye out for relevant announcements, such as bush fire or flash flood warning. 10 Forming a group of three or more is recommended. Aside from walking with a group, it’s also advisable that you inform someone who isn’t going walking with you. You can also choose to go bush walking with local people. They’ re generally more well-prepared for any type of situation. Research your route. 11 Unless you are familiar with the area, it’s best not to go in blindly. So do your research, and take the time to plan a route that is appropriate for your and your walking party’s fitness level. Be prepared. Take a first-aid kit along. Do put on your strongest pair of shoes and make sure they offer adequate foot support. 12 Finally, it’s recommended that each person in the party should carry some water and high-energy food. A．Avoid walking alone. B．Be careful of any possible dangers. C．Walking with strangers isn’t permitted. D．Wear clothes in layers that are easy to put on and take off. E．Bushwalking usually means that paths aren’t marked. F．Before you set off, make a note of the following safety guidelines. 【答案】9．F 10．A 11．E 12．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在澳大利亚非常流行的户外活动——徒步旅行（bushwalking）的一些安全指南，包括关注天气、避免单独行走、研究路线和做好准备等方面的建议。 9．设空位于首段段尾，应是点出本篇主题，根据前文“Bushwalking is a popular activity in Australia, and in North America it is referred to as backpacking. Interested in trying it out?(丛林徒步在澳大利亚是一项很受欢迎的活动，在北美它被称为背包旅行。有兴趣尝试一下吗？)”以及后文内容可知，本文主要讲述丛林徒步在澳大利亚应该做哪些准备，所以F项“Before you set off, make a note of the following safety guidelines.(出发前，请注意以下安全指引)”承接上文，引出本文主题。故选F项。 10．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Forming a group of three or more is recommended. Aside from walking with a group, it’s also advisable that you inform someone who isn’t going walking with you. You can also choose to go bush walking with local people. They’ re generally more well-prepared for any type of situation.(建议三人或三人以上组成一组。除了和一群人一起散步，你也可以通知那些不和你一起散步的人。你也可以选择和当地人一起去丛林散步。他们通常对任何类型的情况都准备得更充分)”可知，本段主要讲述和他人一起行动，所以A项“Avoid walking alone.(避免独自行走)”符合本段主题。故选A项。 11．根据前文“Research your route.(研究你的路线)”可知，本段主题讲述旅游路线，所以E项“Bushwalking usually means that paths aren’t marked.(丛林漫步通常意味着小路没有标记)”符合本段主题，并引出后文“Unless you are familiar with the area, it’s best not to go in blindly.(除非你对该地区很熟悉，否则最好不要盲目进入)”。故选E项。 12．根据前文“Be prepared. Take a first-aid kit along. Do put on your strongest pair of shoes and make sure they offer adequate foot support.(做好准备。随身带一个急救箱。穿上你最结实的鞋子，确保它们能给足部提供足够的支撑)”可知，此处是讲述在硬件和穿戴上做足准备，所以D项“Wear clothes in layers that are easy to put on and take off.(多穿几层便于穿脱的衣服)”符合本段主题。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Home: An anchor of order and comfort One of the first questions we ask when we meet someone new is “Where are you from?” But we seldom pause to consider how complicated that question is. Does it mean where you currently live? Where you were born? Where you grew up? Environmental psychologists have long understood that the word “home” clearly connotes more than just a house. It encompasses people, places, objects and memories. 13 A 2008 study asked people to identify “the place in your heart you consider to be home.” Twenty-six percent reported that home was where they were born or raised; only 22 percent said that it was where they currently lived. Eighteen percent identified home as the place that they had lived the longest, and 15 percent felt that it was where most of their extended family had come from. 14 No matter where they come from, people tend to think about home as a central place that represents order, a counterbalance to the chaos that exists elsewhere. This might explain why, when asked to draw a picture of “where you live,” children and adolescents around the world invariably place their house in the center of the sheet of paper. In short, it’s what everything else revolves around. The Zuni of the American Southwest have long viewed the house as a living thing. It’s where they raise their kids and communicate with spirits, and there’s an annual ritual — called the Shalak — in which homes are blessed and consecrated as part of the year-end winter solstice celebration. The ceremony strengthens bonds to the community, to the family (including dead ancestors), and to the spirits and gods by dramatizing the connection each party has to the home. 15 But our holiday traditions probably sound familiar: eating with family, exchanging gifts, catching up with old friends and visiting old haunts. These homecoming rituals affirm and renew a person’s place in the family and often are a key way to strengthen the family’s social fabric. Home, therefore, is a predictable and secure place where you feel in control and properly oriented in space and time. 16 It is a place where, as the poet Robert Frost aptly wrote, “when you have to go there, they have to take you in.” A．Where we live is closely tied to our sense of who we are. B．During the holidays, we might not perform any official rituals to bless our home. C．But if you look at different cultures across time, a common thread emerges. D．It is a bridge between your past and your present, an enduring link with your family and friends. E．So what or where, exactly, do people consider “home”? F．Different cultures interpret the concept of “home” in their own unique ways. 【答案】13．E 14．C 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“家”这一概念的复杂性，它不仅指住所，还包含人、地方、物品和记忆等元素，不同文化对家的理解虽有差异，但也存在共通之处。 13．根据上文“Environmental psychologists have long understood that the word “home” clearly connotes more than just a house. It encompasses people, places, objects and memories. (环境心理学家早就明白，“家”这个词显然不仅仅意味着一所房子。它包含了人、地方、物品和记忆。)”以及下文“A 2008 study asked people to identify “the place in your heart you consider to be home.” (2008年的一项研究让人们指出“你心中认为是家的地方”。)”可知，上文提到“家”的内涵丰富，下文通过研究具体询问人们对“家”的定义，E选项“So what or where, exactly, do people consider “home”? (那么，人们究竟认为什么是“家”，或者哪里是“家”呢？)”，既承接上文对“家”内涵的探讨，又引出下文关于人们对“家”的具体认知的研究，符合逻辑。故选E项。 14．根据下文“No matter where they come from, people tend to think about home as a central place that represents order, a counterbalance to the chaos that exists elsewhere. (无论来自哪里，人们往往认为家是一个代表秩序的中心场所，是对其他地方存在的混乱的一种平衡。)”可知，此处强调不同背景的人对家的认知存在共通之处，C选项“But if you look at different cultures across time, a common thread emerges. (但如果你纵观不同时代的不同文化，就会发现一个共同的线索。)”中的“a common thread”与下文人们对家的共通理解相呼应，起到引出下文的作用。故选C项。 15．根据上文“The Zuni of the American Southwest have long viewed the house as a living thing. It’s where they raise their kids and communicate with spirits, and there’s an annual ritual — called the Shalak — in which homes are blessed and consecrated as part of the year-end winter solstice celebration. The ceremony strengthens bonds to the community, to the family (including dead ancestors), and to the spirits and gods by dramatizing the connection each party has to the home. (美国西南部的祖尼人长期以来一直将房屋视为有生命的东西。这是他们养育子女和与神灵交流的地方，每年都有一个名为“沙拉克”的仪式，在年终冬至庆祝活动中，房屋会得到祝福并被奉为神圣。这个仪式通过生动展示各方与家的联系，加强了与社区、家庭（包括逝去的祖先）以及神灵之间的纽带。)”以及下文“But our holiday traditions probably sound familiar: eating with family, exchanging gifts, catching up with old friends and visiting old haunts. (但我们的节日传统可能听起来很熟悉：与家人一起用餐、交换礼物、与老朋友叙旧以及重游老地方。)”可知，上文介绍了祖尼人有关家的仪式，下文转折提到我们熟悉的节日传统，B选项“During the holidays, we might not perform any official rituals to bless our home. (在节日里，我们可能不会举行任何正式的仪式来祝福我们的家。)”与上文的“annual ritual”形成对比，又通过“but”与下文的节日传统相衔接。故选B项。 16．根据上文“Home, therefore, is a predictable and secure place where you feel in control and properly oriented in space and time. (因此，家是一个可预测且安全的地方，在那里你会感到一切尽在掌握，在空间和时间上都有恰当的定位。)”可知，此处进一步阐述家的意义，D选项“It is a bridge between your past and your present, an enduring link with your family and friends. (它是连接你过去和现在的桥梁，是与你的家人和朋友之间持久的联系。)”中的“it”指代“home”，且从过去与现在、与亲友的联系等方面补充了家的内涵，与上文衔接紧密。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市育才中学 期末） There’s a loud bang, and then it starts: A battery of an electric car is on fire in the test tunnel. A video of the test impressively shows the energy stored in such batteries: meter-long flames flee in disorder and produce enormous amounts of thick, black smoke. The visibility in the previously brightly lit tunnel section quickly approaches zero. After a few minutes, ashes have spread throughout the room. “In our experiment we were considering in particular private and public operators of small and large underground or multi-storey car parks,” says project leader Lars Derek Mellert, “all these existing underground structures are being used to an increasing extent by electric cars.” And the operators ask themselves: “ 21 ?” But until now there has been hardly any meaningful technical literature, let alone practical experience for such a case. So Mellert developed three test scenarios, the results of which were published in a final report in August 2020. “ 22 Besides, they are possibly fatal regardless of the type of drive or energy storage system.” says the final report. The primary objective has to be to get everyone out of the danger zone as quickly as possible. The highly poisonous hydrofluoric acid has often been discussed as a particular danger in burning batteries. 23 The real problem, however, is the extinguishing and cooling water that is produced when fighting such a fire and storing a burnt-out battery in a water basin. The analyses showed that some chemical substances in the extinguishing water goes beyond the limit values for industrial wastewater by a factor of 70; the cooling water is even up to 100-times above limit values. 24 Firefighters know that the battery of an electric car is impossible to extinguish and that it can only be cooled with large amounts of water. But this is already known to the specialists and is being practiced. A．The pollutants emitted by a burning vehicle have always been dangerous B．What on earth causes Lithium batteries to catch fire C．Even the fire brigades do not have to learn anything new on the basis of the tests D．The acid can possibly result in death, while its effects may delay after exposure E．But in the three tests in the tunnel the concentrations remained far below critical levels F．What will happen if such a car catches fire 【答案】21．F 22．A 23．D 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是针对电动汽车电池着火的实验和意义。 21．根据空格后的问号可知，空格处是一个疑问句。根据第一段的句子“There’s a loud bang, and then it starts: A battery of an electric car is on fire in the test tunnel.(一声巨响，然后它开始了：一辆电动汽车的电池在测试隧道里着火了。)”和第二段的句子““In our experiment we were considering in particular private and public operators of small and large underground or multi-storey car parks,” says project leader Lars Derek Mellert, “all these existing underground structures are being used to an increasing extent by electric cars.”(“在我们的实验中，我们特别考虑了小型和大型地下或多层停车场的私人和公共运营商，”项目负责人Lars Derek Mellert说，“所有这些现有的地下结构都被电动汽车越来越多地使用。”)”可知，在测试隧道里着测试电动汽车的电池着火，目的肯定是为了知道如果电动汽车在地下停车场着火会怎么样，所以，F项“What will happen if such a car catches fire(如果这样的车着火了怎么办)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 22．空格后的句子“Besides, they are possibly fatal regardless of the type of drive or energy storage system. (此外，无论是哪种驱动或储能系统，它们都可能是致命的。)”是说汽车着火的危害，由句中的besides可知，空格处的句子也应该是说汽车着火的危害。所以，A项“The pollutants emitted by a burning vehicle have always been dangerous(燃烧的汽车排放的污染物一直都很危险)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 23．根据空格前的句子“The highly poisonous hydrofluoric acid has often been discussed as a particular danger in burning batteries.(剧毒的氢氟酸经常被认为是燃烧电池中的一种特殊危险物质。)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说氢氟酸的危害，所以，D项“The acid can possibly result in death, while its effects may delay after exposure(这种酸可能会导致死亡，而其影响在接触后可能会延迟)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选D项。 24．根据空格后的句子“Firefighters know that the battery of an electric car is impossible to extinguish and that it can only be cooled with large amounts of water.(消防队员知道电动汽车的电池是不可能熄灭的，只能用大量的水来冷却。)”可知，电动汽车的电池着火不可能熄灭，只能用大量的水来冷却，所以，这种实验也不能为消防队提供新的信息。所以C项“Even the fire brigades do not have to learn anything new on the basis of the tests(即使是消防队也不需要在测试的基础上学习任何新的东西)”填入空格处和下文是顺接关系。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市行知中学·期末） You’re Choosing a Gift. Here’s What Not to Do. On Christmas morning, a husband quietly apologizes to his wife that his gifts this year are humble-money is tight. She bravely declares that she loves the sweater. Later, as the children play with their new toys, the husband reveals one last gift box. 37 She squeals (发出尖叫声) with astonished delight. This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong. 38 Ignore price. When researchers asked people to recall a gift they gave and then to rate how much they thought receivers liked it, higher prices went with higher ratings. But when people made the same ratings for a gift they had received, price was completely unrelated to enjoyment. 39 Gift givers tend to focus on how pleasurable it would be to use the gift, but overlook how easily or often the gift will be used; a husband might imagine his wife feeling like a million dollars in her diamonds, but ignore the fact that she seldom wears formal jewelry. Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days. 40 However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter. A．Give people what they ask for: B．Give gifts that are actually usable. C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 【答案】37．C 38．D 39．B 40．E 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过事例就如何送礼提出了一些建议。 37．根据上文“On Christmas morning, a husband quietly apologizes to his wife that his gifts this year are humble-money is tight. She bravely declares that she loves the sweater. Later, as the children play with their new toys, the husband reveals one last gift box.(圣诞节的早晨，丈夫悄悄地向妻子道歉，说他今年送的礼物太少了——因为手头紧。她勇敢地宣称她喜欢那件毛衣。后来，当孩子们玩他们的新玩具时，丈夫拿出了最后一个礼品盒)”以及后文“She squeals (发出尖叫声) with astonished delight.(她又惊又喜地尖叫起来)”可知，上文提到丈夫圣诞节早晨丈夫拿出了最后一个礼品盒，后文则提到妻子发出尖叫，推测本句是在说明妻子打开了礼品盒发现了礼物，十分惊喜。故C选项“妻子在信中发现一条钻石项链”符合语境，故选C。 38．根据上文“This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong.(这种广告不仅令人腻味。它也助长了人们通常持有的关于什么能让收礼者快乐的错误信念。幸运的是，心理学和市场研究表明，这些观念是错误的)”可知，上文提到心理学和市场研究表明上述观念是错误的，本句为本段最后一句，推测应当说明如何帮助人们挑选真正喜欢的礼物。故D选项“它还提供了挑选人们真正喜欢的礼物的指导”符合语境，故选D。 39．根据本段内容“Gift givers tend to focus on how pleasurable it would be to use the gift, but overlook how easily or often the gift will be used; a husband might imagine his wife feeling like a million dollars in her diamonds, but ignore the fact that she seldom wears formal jewelry.(送礼者倾向于关注使用礼物的愉悦程度，而忽略了礼物使用的容易程度和频率；一个丈夫可能会想象他的妻子因为她的钻石而感觉身价百万，但忽略了她很少戴正式珠宝的事实)”可知，本段的主旨是考虑礼物实用的容易程度和频率，即本句总结礼物需要实际、可用的特点。故B选项“送实际可用的礼物”符合语境，故选B。 40．根据上文“Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days.(如果你的礼物不能立即使用，不要担心。在一项实验中，研究人员要求人们比较不同类型的礼物：一种是立即吸引人的礼物，比如一打盛开的鲜花；另一种是价格相似的礼物，从长远来看会更令人满意，比如几天后会开花的二十几朵花蕾)”以及后文“However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter.(然而，当被问及他们想要哪种礼物时，其他人选择了后者)”可知，本句与后文都是在说明人们对于礼物的选择问题，后文提到了选择后者的情况，推测本句是在说明人们会选择前者的情况。故E选项“当人们认为他们将要送礼物时，他们更喜欢前者”符合语境，故选E。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市进才中学·期末） How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 17 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 18 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 19 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 20 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了建筑行业的碳排放问题以及如何通过采用更环保的建筑材料和建筑标准来减少碳排放。 17．根据上文“Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. (仅水泥生产就占全球碳排放的6%。)”可知，此处是在举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，D项“Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. (钢铁行业占另外的8%，其中一半用于建筑行业。)”，进一步举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，与上文形成并列关系。故选D项。 18．根据上文“Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. (富裕国家的政府如今正试图通过强制开发商按照“零碳”标准建设新项目，来推动更环保的行为。)”以及下文“All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year.(所有其他类型的建筑将在明年1月跟进。)”可知，此处是在说明某个时间点对建筑的新要求，C项“In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. (1月份，欧盟所有新建筑必须按照“近零能耗”标准建造。)”，以具体案例（欧盟政策）衔接上文，又与下文时间相呼应。故选C项。 19．根据下文“Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. (建筑物顶部的风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板看起来不错，但比风能和太阳能发电场的效率低得多。而且标准只计算建筑物运行时的排放，而不计算建造时的排放。)”可知，此处是在说明这些标准存在不足，B项“However, these standards are less green than they may seem. (然而，这些标准并不像看上去那么环保。)”，可作为段落主题句，通过转折词However引出现有标准的缺陷，与后文的具体分析形成呼应。故选B项。 20．根据上文“And for older buildings to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). (对于老建筑来说，为了提高能源效率，木材是一种很好的绝缘体。)”可知，此处是在说明木材作为绝缘体的优势，A项“For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. (例如，一个软木窗框的隔热性能是钢窗框的400倍，是铝窗框的1,000倍。)”中的“insulation”与上文“insulator”直接呼应，举例说明了木材的隔热性能。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市南洋模范中学·期末） Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls. 29 The clear water of the canal reflected the dazzling autumn sunshine. This is a familiar scene in Milan’s Navigli district on the last Sunday of every month. Located in the city’s south-west corner, the Navigli district remains one of the last true connections the Milanese have with water. The Grand Canal (Naviglio Grande) itself dates back to 1177. Although not widely known, Milan’s centre was once traced with waterways, like those of Venice. 30 London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree. Yet, Milan, one of the wealthiest cities in Europe, has none. The city had to make one for itself. Between the 12th and 17th centuries, a network of canals was developed in order to grow the city’s wealth and influence. Most of the last traces of this network can be seen in Navigli. The rest fell victim to modernisation during the mid-20th century. As automobiles and trains replaced boats, the Inner Ring was buried under concrete (混凝土). For the most part, the canals are still there, covered over by new roads and buildings. 31 The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo. Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk. 32 Currently, designs are being drafted for an underground tunnel to allow the water to pass through the city’s centre. It is hoped that the project will be completed by 2026 when Milan is set to co-host the Winter Olympics. A．It will help the Milanese to live better lives. B．We have to see the re-opening as a big project for redeveloping the city. C．Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it. D．Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers. E．In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”). F．Its ongoing popularity long after the Expo has led to an ambitious project to completely re-open Milan’s Inner Ring. 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．E 32．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了米兰的大运河，介绍了其历史和重要性；同时还介绍了达塞纳码头。 29．根据空前“Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls.(就在2020年11月意大利第二次封锁之前，米兰大运河的岸边挤满了人。买便宜货的人穿梭在市场的摊位间。)”可知，上文描述了岸边挤满了人，以及一部分人在挑便宜货。选项D“Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers. (其他人坐在咖啡馆里，一边喝着咖啡，一边凝视着城市里的购物者。)”中的“others”和上文的“Bargain hunters”都是大运河边的人们；而选项D中的“the city’s shoppers”指的正是上文中的“bargain hunters”，所以选项D与上文内容一致。故选D。 30．根据空后“London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree.(除了伦敦有泰晤士河。巴黎有塞纳河。柏林是围绕施普雷河岸建造的。)”可知，这些城市都拥有一条河流与之相伴。选项C“Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it. (想想几乎任何一个主要的内陆城市都有一条大河。)”与下文内容一致，引出下文内容。故选C。 31．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo.(达塞纳船坞位于米兰最后的两条运河——Naviglio Grande和Naviglio Pavese航道的交汇处。这里曾经是意大利最繁忙的港口之一，但自20世纪60年代以来，这个港口基本上没有被使用过。2015年，为了米兰世博会对它进行了全面翻修。)”可知，本段主要介绍了达塞纳码头。选项E“In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”). (近年来，Navigli周围出现了一种新的能量，这种能量来自Darsena(意为“码头”)。)”引出下文主题内容——达塞纳码头，与下文内容一致。故选E。 32．根据上文内容“Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk.(如今，达塞纳码头为欧洲污染最严重的城市之一提供了重要的“肺”。每天，人们沿着河岸散步，或者坐在附近的许多酒吧里喝着外带饮料。老人们教他们的孙子们耐心的钓鱼艺术，而跑步者则沿着木板路绕着圈跑。)”可知，世博后过后的达塞纳码头仍然深受人们的喜爱，为这所城市注入新的气息。选项F“(世博会结束后，达塞纳码头依然广受欢迎，这导致了一个雄心勃勃的项目——完全重新开放米兰内环。)”与上文内容一致。故选F。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市华东师范大学第三附属中学·期末） Never kill a spider! Even though spiders are nasty crawlers that you probably look down upon, killing them could actually do your house more harm than good. Here’s why. Besides having long legs and nasty behavior, most people are scared of spiders for one specific reason: their bite. If you’re not sure about the type of spider, there’s always a chance that the spider could be poisonous. 25 These types of bites actually don’t come from the innocent brown spiders that make a home within your home. In fact, it’s actually quite difficult for a spider like that to bite you. So if that’s the case, why are we so drawn to killing spiders? As a matter of fact, it is more likely that spiders help our homes instead of harming them. Since spiders are natural predators(食肉动物), they capture pests, including flies, within your home. 26 They go for those nasty indoor pests such as cockroaches and mosquitoes. The more you keep around daddy long-legs, a kind of spider, the fewer mosquitoes you’ll have floating around your home. 27 So if you see a spider on its web, you’d better leave that spider alone. In all, that’s not such a bad thing as spiders kill other pests in your home. 28 So you can find many easy solutions to drive spiders away instead of crushing them into pieces. A．Spiders even prey(捕食) after disease-carrying insects. B．Then can you have spiders crawling here and there? C．Spiders often come indoors seeking warmth and food. D．But that doesn’t necessarily mean you want them anywhere near you. E．Typical household spiders will create webs where their food source is coming from. F．However, it has been proven that only about 10 percent of spider bites lead to serious results. 【答案】25．F 26．A 27．E 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了杀死蜘蛛对你的房子弊大于利的原因。 25．根据下文“These types of bites actually don’t come from the innocent brown spiders that make a home within your home.  In fact, it’s actually quite difficult for a spider like that to bite you.”（这些类型的叮咬实际上并不是来自那些在你家里安家落户的无辜的棕色蜘蛛。事实上，那种蜘蛛咬你的事情很难发生）可知，蜘蛛咬人导致严重后果的情况很少，并且有毒的蜘蛛很少咬人。故F选项“然而，事实证明，只有大约10%的蜘蛛咬伤会导致严重后果。”符合题意。故选F项。 26．根据上文“Since spiders are natural predators(食肉动物), they capture pests, including flies, within your home.”（由于蜘蛛是自然捕食者，它们会在你家里捕捉害虫，包括苍蝇）根据下文“They go for those nasty indoor pests such as cockroaches and mosquitoes.”（它们喜欢那些讨厌的室内害虫，如蟑螂和蚊子）可知，选项应说明蜘蛛喜欢捕捉捕食携带疾病的昆虫。故A选项“蜘蛛甚至会捕食携带疾病的昆虫”切题。故选A项。 27．根据下文“So if you see a spider on its web, you’d better leave that spider alone.”（所以如果你看到一只蜘蛛在网上，你最好离它远点）中的so可知，选项与下文为因果关系，说明其原因。故E选项“典型的家庭蜘蛛会在它们食物来源的地方结网”切题。故选E项。 28．根据上文“In all, that’s not such a bad thing as spiders kill other pests in your home.”（总之，这并不是一件坏事，因为蜘蛛会杀死你家里的其他害虫。）根据下文“So you can find many easy solutions to drive spiders away instead of crushing them into pieces.”（所以你可以找到很多简单的方法来赶走蜘蛛，而不是把它们压成碎片。）可知，上文指出蜘蛛对家庭有益，下文提到人们还是想赶走蜘蛛。由此推知，空处与上文为转折关系。故D选项“但这并不一定意味着你想让它们靠近你”切题，承上启下。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上上海市嘉定区·期末） Group Intelligence Being smart doesn’t matter much if you’re working in a group, according to the first study to calculate collective intelligence — a group’s ability to succeed at a variety of tasks. Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found. 49 That also explains why groups with more women — who score higher on tests of social sensitivity — were more likely to stand out, said study leader Anita Williams Woolley, an expert in collective intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Particularly intelligent groups also had more people who took turns speaking, according to the study, published in the journal Science. To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests. 50 The results revealed that certain groups were better at all types of tasks, which is the “primary evidence for collective intelligence,” Woolley said. 51 As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said. 52 — especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings, she said. For instance, knowing a group’s collective intelligence could be vital in a situation like starting a new business. A．There’s such a focus on individual intelligence and individual accomplishment. B．This ability to predict group success may offer guidance in real-life situations. C．Instead, a group is more successful if it contains people who can read emotions from people’s faces. D．Group intelligence may also be rooted in the past. E．The volunteers were then split into groups of two to five and asked to do some simple tasks. F．Next, the groups were each asked to perform more complex tasks. 【答案】49．C 50．E 51．F 52．B 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是集体智慧以及与集体智慧相关的研究。 49．根据上文“Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found.(令人惊讶的是，最近的一系列实验发现，在一个团队中，个人的智力与视觉拼图和有限资源谈判等基于思维的任务的成功并没有太大关系)”可知，上文提到了实验发现个人智力与任务的成功并没有太大关系，本句为本段最后一句，故是在说明和成功有关系的因素。故C选项“相反，如果一个团队中有人能读懂别人脸上的情绪，那么这个团队就会更成功”符合语境，故选C。 50．根据上文“To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests.(为了验证这一结论，伍利和同事招募了699名志愿者，首先用标准的心理测试测量了每个人的智力和社会敏感度)”可知，上文提到了招募志愿者，可知本句说明志愿者接下来要做什么。故E选项“然后志愿者们被分成两到五人一组，并被要求做一些简单的任务”符合语境，故选E。 51．根据后文“As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said.(伍利说，正如猜测的那样，这些小组在第一轮测试中的集体智力得分预测了他们在接下来的复杂实验中的表现)”可知，上文提到了更复杂的任务，F选项中more complex tasks对应后文complex tasks。故F选项“接下来，每个小组都被要求执行更复杂的任务”符合语境，故选F。 52．根据后文“especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings(尤其是在商业和军事等领域，越来越多的决策是在讨论的基础上做出的)”可知，后文提到了在商业和军事等领域这种能力的重要性，破折号是解释说明的作用，上文需要提到具体是哪种能力。故B选项“这种预测群体成功的能力可以在现实生活中提供指导”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市晋元高级中学·期末） Why that tiny piece of plastic on your pizza is a true lifesaver Have you ever opened your pizza delivery and seen a tiny plastic tripod sitting at the pizza’s center? It turns out that it’s not actually a kitchen table for ants. 41 Delivery pizza has been coming in cheap cardboard boxes since the dawn of time. These boxes are great for many reasons — they’re inexpensive and easily recyclable. 42 If its center is depressed enough to make contact with the pizza within, all hell breaks loose. The cheese is torn off the pizza and sticks to the top of the box. A Long Island woman named Carmela Vitale recognized this problem back in the 1980s, and set about inventing a fix. 43 She filed a patent request for the design in 1983, and her patent was approved in 1985. Pizza savers are not re-used and are typically thrown away, although some people have found secondary users for them such as egg holders when they are turned upside down. While not every pizza delivery company uses them and they currently sell for less than one cent apiece, it is still estimated that a single manufacturer of pizza savers could be making as much as $8 million per year because of the enormous pizza sales. 44 According to a report, she put an end to her patent in 1993, and she passed away in 2005. The next time you crack open your pizza box, thank Vitale and her pizza saver for keeping your cheese slice of heaven undamaged. A．She then talked with several companies about the problem. B．They are also light and easy to carry. C．But the thin cardboard lid does tend to collapse. D．This device is called a pizza saver, and it’s been protecting your previous pizza for over 30 years. E．Unfortunately, it appears that Vitale never manufactured pizza savers herself. F．Vitale came up with designs for the pizza saver, or as she called it, a “package saver”. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．F 44．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了披萨盒中间的小塑料三脚架的作用和发明历史。 41．前文“Have you ever opened your pizza delivery and seen a tiny plastic tripod sitting at the pizza’s center? It turns out that it’s not actually a kitchen table for ants. (你是否曾经打开披萨外卖，看到披萨中间放着一个小小的塑料三脚架？事实证明，它实际上并不是蚂蚁的厨房桌子)”提到外卖披萨中间的小塑料三脚架的作用，因此D项“This device is called a pizza saver, and it’s been protecting your previous pizza for over 30 years. (这个装置被称为披萨保护器，它已经保护你以前的披萨超过30年了)”符合语境，说明这个小塑料三脚架的名称，介绍它的作用，承接前文。故选D。 42．前文“These boxes are great for many reasons — they’re inexpensive and easily recyclable. (这些盒子很好有很多原因——它们便宜而且容易回收)”指出披萨盒有很多优点，后文“If its center is depressed enough to make contact with the pizza within, all hell breaks loose. The cheese is torn off the pizza and sticks to the top of the box. (如果它的中心凹陷得足以接触到里面的披萨，那么一切就都乱了。奶酪从披萨上脱离来粘在盒子上)”提到披萨盒中心凹陷引发的问题，因此C项“But the thin cardboard lid does tend to collapse. (但薄薄的纸板盖确实容易坍塌)”符合语境，说明披萨盒易坍塌的问题，和前文构成转折，引出后文。故选C。 43．前文“A Long Island woman named Carmela Vitale recognized this problem back in the 1980s, and set about inventing a fix. (长岛一位名叫Carmela Vitale的女性早在20世纪80年代就认识到了这个问题，并着手发明了一种解决办法)”提到Carmela Vitale意识到了问题并着手发明解决办法，因此F项“Vitale came up with designs for the pizza saver, or as she called it, a “package saver”. (Vitale想出了披萨保护器的设计，或者用她的话说，是一个“包装保护器”)”符合语境，介绍她想出的设计方案，承接前文。故选F。 44．前文“While not every pizza delivery company uses them and they currently sell for less than one cent apiece, it is still estimated that a single manufacturer of pizza savers could be making as much as $8 million per year because of the enormous pizza sales. (虽然不是每个披萨外卖公司都使用它们，而且它们目前的售价还不到一美分，但据估计，由于披萨的巨大销量，一家披萨快递制造商每年可以赚到800万美元)”提到披萨保护器销量可观，营收颇丰，后文“According to a report, she put an end to her patent in 1993, and she passed away in 2005. (据报道，她于1993年终止了她的专利，并于2005年去世)”介绍Vitale后来的不幸遭遇，因此E项“Unfortunately, it appears that Vitale never manufactured pizza savers herself. (不幸的是，Vitale似乎从来没有自己制造过披萨保护器)”符合语境，表明Vitale并未从制造披萨保护器中获利，承前启后。故选E。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市同济大学第一附属中学·期末） Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 45 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 46 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 47 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 48 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. 【答案】45．C 46．F 47．A 48．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，玩电子游戏可能有益于年轻人大脑发育，且科学家希望继续追踪研究其影响。 45．由上文“Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. (电子游戏有时声誉不佳，因为它们让人们呆在室内，看着屏幕，而不是与他人面对面交谈和玩耍。)”可知，前文提及游戏的负面印象。空格后介绍佛蒙特大学的研究，指出游戏对大脑发育的积极影响。C项However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people.(然而，一项新研究表明电子游戏可能有益于年轻人的大脑发育。)以“However”转折，引出研究结论，既呼应上文的负面评价，又开启后文的积极发现，其中“new study”与后文“The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10”形成衔接。故选C项。 46．上文提到“The second test involved using their memory.(第二项测试涉及记忆能力。)”，说明测试内容。F项They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same.(他们先看人脸图片，之后再看更多图片，需判断是否有相同面孔。)具体描述了记忆测试的流程，“shown pictures of faces”和“say if any were the same”对应“using their memory”，是对前文的详细展开。故选F项。 47．上文指出“fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention.(功能磁共振成像扫描显示，游戏者大脑中负责记忆和注意力的区域活动更活跃。)”，说明扫描结果。A项This means that people who play video games show more brain activity.(这意味着玩电子游戏的人表现出更多的大脑活动。)中的this指代前文的扫描结果，“more brain activity”是对“more activity in brain parts”的同义转述，起到总结上文的作用。故选A项。 48．下文提到“The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently.(研究团队未来可能还会探究特定类型的游戏是否对大脑活动有不同影响。)”，说明未来的研究方向。E项The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming.(科学家希望继续研究同一群年轻人，追踪游戏对他们的影响。)中的“hoping to carry on studying”和“track the effects”与后文“find out in future”形成时间上的递进，共同阐述研究的延续性。故选E项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市奉贤区·期末） The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. 57 In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. 58 If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. The human population has never been bigger, but in some ways the planet seems to begetting unbelievably smaller. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia spent months at sea. Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours. When you arrived in another country a hundred years ago, you saw unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings and discovered a completely different culture. In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. 59 Even the languages that we use are becoming more global. There are around seven thousand languages in use today. 60 I grew up in a small village where everyone spoke Baras, one of Indonesia’s local languages. Today, like most of the youth from my village, I live in the capital, Jakarta, and speak Indonesian there. The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country, so the language is threatened with extinction. A．But the number is decreasing fast. B．Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. C．The planet might be a lot more peaceful if that were the case. D．However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. E．A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. F．With only one language left, there will be no culture difference in the world. 【答案】57．D 58．E 59．B 60．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人口增长的影响。 57．由上文“The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. (在我出生的那天，世界人口达到了50亿。那是1987年的印度尼西亚，我的父母对地球上有这么多人感到震惊。)”可知，本空要说跟“人口数量”有关的话题，由下文“In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. (2011年10月，世界上第70亿个婴儿出生，专家预测，到本世纪末，世界人口将达到100亿。)”可知，本空要说跟“人口数量增长快”有关的话题，故D选项“However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. (然而，自那时以来，人口继续以惊人的速度增长。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 58．由上文“In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. (2011年10月，世界上第70亿个婴儿出生，专家预测，到本世纪末，世界人口将达到100亿。)”可知，本空要说跟“如此多人的影响”有关的话题，由后文“If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet.   If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. (如果你每秒钟和不同的人打招呼，那么你需要222年才能和地球上的每个人打招呼。如果70亿人用他们的手做成一条人链，这条人链可以往返月球九次。)”可知，本句要表达“70亿人”有关的话题，故E选项“A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. (70亿这样大的数字很难想象。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 59．由上文“In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. (在今天的许多地方，服装和新建筑非常相似，人们享受同样的东西。)”可知，本空要说跟“相似”有关的话题，故B选项“Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. (尽管我们生活在不同的大陆，但我们开始过着相同的生活。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 60．由上文“There are around seven thousand languages in use today. (今天大约有7000种语言在使用。)”可知，本空要说跟“多种语言”有关的话题，故A选项“But the number is decreasing fast. (但这个数字正在迅速减少。)”能承接上文，符合题意。A项中的the number指代空前的“seven thousand languages”。故选A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 33 . Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. 34 . Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain. 35 . Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat. While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. 36 . Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies. A．Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response B．This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience C．Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice D．This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it E．Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness F．Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．C 36．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究表明伤害龙虾会导致龙虾身体疼痛，所以一些国家规定活煮龙虾已成为违法行为，文章还介绍了几种人性化杀死龙虾的方法。 33．上文“The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. (烹饪龙虾的传统方法——活煮——引发了龙虾是否感到疼痛的问题)”指出烹饪龙虾的传统方法是活煮，下文“Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. (龙虾死后很快就会腐烂，食用死龙虾会增加食源性疾病的风险并降低其风味质量)”指出吃死龙虾的危害，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出活煮龙虾的好处，B项“许多餐厅都采用这种烹饪技术来改善人类的就餐体验”符合语境，this cooking technique代指上文boiling it alive，故选B。 34．上文“Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. (由于这些差异，一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射)”指出一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射，下文“Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂).  For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain.(龙虾保护自己的伤口，学会避免危险情况，并对麻醉剂做出反应。由于这些原因，大多数科学家认为伤害龙虾（例如将其存放在冰上或活煮）会导致身体疼痛)”和上文是转折关系，指出一些科学家的不同看法，即龙虾会对疼痛做出反应，A项“尽管如此，龙虾确实满足疼痛反应的所有标准”符合语境，引起下文，故选A。 35．下文“Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia.(目前，瑞士、新西兰和意大利雷焦艾米利亚市禁止活煮龙虾)”指出一些国家禁止活煮龙虾，C项“由于越来越多的证据表明龙虾可能会感到疼痛，现在活煮龙虾或将它们放在冰上已成为违法行为”符合语境，引起下文，故选C。 36．上文“So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water.(那么，如果你想享受一顿龙虾大餐，该怎么做呢？最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是CrustaStun。该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，使其在不到半秒的时间内失去知觉，然后可以将其切开或煮沸。相比之下，龙虾在沸水中浸泡约2分钟就会死亡)”可知，最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是使用工具CrustaStun，该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，下文“Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies.(一些餐馆将龙虾放入塑料袋中，然后将其放入冰箱中几个小时，在此期间龙虾会失去知觉并死亡)”指出一些餐厅却用其他的方法，而不是这种用工具CrustaStun电死龙虾的最人性的方法，这说明这种方法有一定的缺陷，F项“不幸的是，这种技术对于大多数餐馆来说太昂贵了，无法承受”符合语境，即这种方法花费太大，一些餐馆无法负担，所以采用其他的方法，故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·上海市虹口区·期末） Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings. 53 Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. “One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.” Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. 54 And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. 55 Can you care for them daily? If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “ 56 It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham. A．For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time? B．Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up. C．It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science. D．While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional. E．The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment. F．Just one plant can make a difference. 【答案】53．C 54．E 55．A 56．F 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了室内植物对人们心理健康的益处。 53．由上文第一段“Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings (在户外活动并不是什么新鲜事，但室内植物收藏已经成为一种流行的社交媒体趋势——这意味着比以往任何时候都更多的人发现了照顾植物带来的舒适和美丽)”和下文“Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. (人们发现，无论你是在室内种植植物、外出散步还是打理花园，接触绿色植物都有多种心理健康益处，如降低压力、减少抑郁感、增加社交能力、恢复注意力、改善认知表现、改善情绪和增强自尊)”可知，上文讲照顾植物可以使人们体验到更大的舒适和美，下文讲室内植物对人们的心理健康有多种好处，据常识，这些心理健康好处不是凭空得出的，依旧好处的性质来看，它们应该是经过科学研究得出的结果，C选项“这是一种有科学依据的、让人感觉良好的爱好。”中的“a feel-good hobby”呼应上文“houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend”“discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings”，选项中“is supported by science”引出下文讲科学认证室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处。故选C项。 54．由上文“Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. (研究还表明，种植植物和园艺可以提高生产力和血清素水平，血清素是一种负责提升我们情绪的神经递质)”和下文“And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. (它也反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来)”可知，上文讲研究结果表明种植植物和园艺的好处（可以提高生产力和血清素水平），下文讲照顾植物的另一个好处（反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来），E选项“理论上，照顾植物有助于我们专注于当下，并提供一种成就感。”承接上文进一步讲研究表明照顾植物的另外的好处，选项中“plant care helps us focus on the present moment”也引出下文讲“照顾植物帮助人反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来”。故选E项。 55．由上文“Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. (在你的空间充满绿色植物之前，考虑一下你将如何与植物互动)”可知，作者建议种植室内植物时需要考虑的几个问题，其后应该举实例说明有哪些问题，A选项“例如，在你花很多时间的地方是否有足够的空间种植植物？”和下文“Can you care for them daily? (你能每天照顾它们吗？)”都是关于养室内植物前需要考虑的一些具体问题。故选A项。 56．结合上文讲“室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处”，下文Seham的话“It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction (它可以通过气味或颜色吸引你，在每次互动中都会产生积极的情绪反应)”可知，该空应起总结性作用，再次肯定室内植物的作用，F选项“只要一株植物就能起作用。”切合语境，引出下文用Seham的话佐证其好处。故选F项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $