专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末） A new subject, labor (劳动), has appeared in the primary and middle schools in China. The country has different hopes for students of different grades, such as being able to cook rice, cook dumping sand sweep the floor for the students in the third and fourth grades. Students in Grade 5 and 6 should be able to cook 2 or 3 dishes, like fried eggs with tomatoes. They also should learn to make the bed and wash clothes. The good points of doing chores are much greater than we think. An educational organization did a study at some primary schools. They divided (分开) the students into two groups. Group One (about 6, 000 students) like doing chores, while Group Two (more than 13, 000 students) don’t like to do chores. To people’s surprise, the first group are better at subjects at school than the second group. And I think when children join in the housework, they can truly experience the hard work of parents and be thankful for their parents. It’s quite important for children to learn to take care of themselves. Only by taking good care of themselves can they have a wonderful life. With the help of parents, children should try doing some chores. And children can feel the joy from working. If children can’t do it well, parents shouldn’t blame (责备) them. Just then, helping them is much more important. 1．Students in Grade 3 and 4 are able to ________. A．cook rice. B．wash clothes. C．make the bed. D．cook fried eggs with tomatoes. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Good time to do chores. B．Different kinds of chores. C．The good points of doing chores. D．Different ideas about doing chores. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New Subject. B．A Careful Study. C．The Interesting Chores. D．The Strict Parents. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁鞍山·期末） Involution has become a popular word these days. But what does it really mean? In our daily life, we can see involution everywhere. For example, in a school, students study harder and harder. They not only have to finish a lot of homework but also take many extra classes after school. They all want to get better grades than others. Everyone is trying to do more and be better, just like in a race where no one wants to fall behind. This is involution. Another example is in the business world. Many companies make similar products. They try to lower the price and spend a lot on advertising to attract more customers. They compete with each other in a very intense (激烈的) way. Workers in these companies may also have to work longer hours to make more products or provide better services. Involution makes people feel tired and stressed. People seem to have no other choice but to keep up with others. However, we should also think about how to get out of this situation. Maybe we can focus on our own interests and do things in a more relaxed and creative way. Instead of just following others blindly, we can find our own path and enjoy the process of learning and growing. Don’t let involution control our lives but try to make a better and more enjoyable world for ourselves. 1．In the school example, why do students take many extra classes? A．Because they have nothing else to do. B．Because they want to make more friends. C．Because they hope to get better grades than others. D．Because their parents force them to. 2．According to Paragraph 3, which is NOT true? A．Many companies make different and unique products. B．Many companies compete in price and advertising. C．Workers may need to work longer hours. D．There is intense competition among companies. 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements isn’t involution? A．Students have to take many after-school classes. B．Some people volunteer to work overtime without pay. C．Basketball players compete with others in a basketball match fiercely. D．Hotels keep adding service to attract more customers. 4．What suggestion does the author give to deal with involution? A．To focus on personal interests and be creative. B．To continue to work harder like others. C．To give up and do nothing. D．To ask the government for help. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Did you know that even if you exercise regularly, you might still be what researchers call an “active couch potato”? Think about this: If you exercise once a day for 30 to 45 minutes, you could still spend 80% to 90% of your waking hours sitting. A study in England showed that while over 55% of adults met the recommended physical activity guide lines, they still sat for about 10 hours a day. Spending too many hours inactive each day, including watching TV (a classic couch potato activity), can increase the risk of fitness and more than 30 other chronic (慢性的) illnesses. Inactivity has also been found to raise chances of heart disease. This imbalance can cancel out many of the positive effects of exercising, such as controlling blood sugar and improving blood flow (流动) to the legs and brain. Just four to six hours of inactivity can cause a drop in an enzyme (酶) that helps the body use fat for energy. Researchers from New Zeal and compared people who sat for 18 hours without exercising with “active couch potatoes” who exercised for 30 minutes between two nine-hour periods of inactivity. They also compared these groups with a third group who did light exercise for just two minutes every half an hour. The sedentary and “active couch potato” groups had higher blood sugar levels, while the light exercise group had better blood sugar control. The results of these studies point to the same conclusion: No matter how active you are, it’s important to be less of a couch potato — or a more active one. So, if your New Year’s resolution is to start a new exercise plan, remember to take breaks to avoid sitting too long by walking for a few minutes throughout the day too. 1．What does the term “active couch potato” suggest about regular exercise? A．Regular exercise should be avoided. B．Long regular exercise is unnecessary. C．Regular exercise isn’t always good for health. D．Daily one-time short exercise isn’t enough for good health. 2．What do we know about being inactive for too many hours each day? A．It can reduce chances of heart disease. B．It can quicken blood flow to the legs and brain. C．It can be good for enzyme activity for fat usage. D．It can increase the risk of fitness and chronic illnesses. 3．What do the underlined words “The sedentary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．People who are inactive for a long time. B．People training others to do proper exercise. C．People who like doing exercise during work. D．People doing exercise more than 3 hours a day. 4．What is the text? A．A paper on working too long. B．A personal diary. C．An article on health. D．A news report on chronic illnesses. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林·期末） For more than two days in September 1974, the people of Honduras shut their windows, locked their doors, and stayed inside their homes because hurricane Fifi was outside. By the time Fifi had left, about 8, 000 people were dead. Fifi wasn’t a pet dog as the name suggests. It was one of the worst hurricane’s that year. Hurricanes were first given names so that people could differentiate (区分) between different storms in the same area. At first, the names were all female names (like Fifi), but after some protest from Women’s Organizations, both male and female names were used, alternating (交替) between genders (性别) storm by storm, giving the names out in the alphabetical (字母标的) order. There are six sets of names for storms and hurricane that are used over six years and then reused. Each list is made up of 21 names, starting with every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z. However, the 126 names on the lists are used only for scorns forming off the Atlantic coast of the US. There are separate lists for hurricane that take place in the Pacific. Max May field is the director of the National Hurricane Centre and it is his responsibility to pick new names for storms off the Atlantic coast. He doesn’t do it alone, though. Hurricane experts from several countries in the Caribbean, Central America, and North America vote on what names will replace the old ones. 1．Fifi is the name of _______. A．a hurricane B．a country C．a pet dog D．a little girl 2．The names for storms and hurricane ________. A．are all male names B．are all female names C．are used alternately between genders D．are difficult to spell 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．About 8, 000 people were killed in the hurricane named Fifi. B．The 126 names can’t be used for storms that take place in the Pacific. C．People in Honduras were frightened by Fifi because it was quite damaging. D．Nobody helps mad May Field pick new names for storms off the Atlantic coast. 4．Which list could be used to name five storms forming off the Atlantic coast of the US? A．David, Helen, Jack, Mike, Lucy. B．Lucy, Michael, Nancy, Peter, Tina. C．Sam, Tina, Victor, Victoria, Sophia. D．Peter, Rose, Sam, Zoe Victor. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林教考联盟·期末） More than 10 million Chinese cultural relics have been lost overseas, most of which were stolen and illegally shipped out of China during the times of war before 1949. About 1.67 million pieces are housed in more than 200 museums in 47 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of private collectors. Most of these treasures are owned by museums or private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. There are more than 23,000 pieces in the British Museum, most of which were stolen or bought for pennies more than 100 years ago. The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back. In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government. Also the government can turn to official channels (渠道) to demand the return of relics. In 2003, a priceless bronze pig’s head dating from the Qing Dynasty was returned to its home in Beijing after it was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. Macao entrepreneur Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing. Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures, limited funding is always a big headache. In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas. It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database collecting relevant information. It has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The donations about the cultural relics by Stanley Ho. B．The ways to restore cultural relics. C．The efforts to recover Chinese cultural relics. D．The facts about the stolen cultural relics. 2．What can be learned about the bronze pig’s head? A．It was made in the Ming Dynasty. B．It is housed now in the Poly Art Museum in Beijing. C．It was donated by the French government to China. D．It was contributed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. 3．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．the Chinese government has done a great deal to recover the lost cultural relics B．a lot of countries have returned the lost cultural relics to China for free C．China has adequate money to buy all the cultural relics back D．China is ready to set up a database to collect information about the lost cultural relics 4．The underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”. A．careful B．challenging C．popular D．workable Passage 3 （24-25高一上·吉林延边·期末） Most people plan their vacations well in advance, including where they’re going. But some like the thrill of not knowing where they will end up. Earlier this year, mystery box travel purchases surged among China’s young people. Usually, travelers buy a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — and then receive several destination choices. After the destination is decided, their trip begins. “The mystery box directly assigns me a few destinations, which are wonderful and cheap,” A citizen surnamed Cheng told Haibao News, a media outlet based in Shandong province. Liao Liangyu, 16, has turned his eagerness to go on a mystery box trip into reality. Months ago, Liao traveled with a couple of friends to Changsha in Hunan province. With its reputation of a super hyped-up internet sensation (网红地), Liao had a change of opinion after seeing Changsha for himself. “My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao told China Daily. “You can see skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and old houses in rundown alleys (小巷) in the same view.” Travel mystery boxes bring excitement to many less popular destinations. For example, Dehong city in Yunnan, despite its scenic views, previously received few visitors due to a lack of promotion. But after it was included as a mystery box travel destination, Dehong has since got lots of attention. But even so, a large number of people feel disappointed with travel mystery boxes because they can encounter (遇到) many problems after purchasing one, such as poor travel times and sudden flight cancellations. Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should choose reliable platforms and sign contracts (合同) to guarantee their trip specifications. 1．What is mystery box travel? A．A trip to an internet sensation. B．A trip only for young people. C．A trip with several destination choices. D．A trip without a destination planned in advance. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Increased rapidly. B．Cheated widely. C．Improved gradually. D．Reduced suddenly. 3．What may be Liao Liangyu’s opinion about mystery box travel? A．People should take it with friends. B．People should go to a place with contrasts. C．It can change a person’s understanding of a place. D．It can bring more visitors to less popular destinations. 4．In order to avoid problems with mystery box travel, what is suggested? A．Choose the right time to travel. B．Don’t book air tickets in person. C．Don’t buy any mystery box travel. D．Pay attention to the platforms and sign documents. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁锦州·期末） The simple, three-letter word “but” might not sound or look special, interesting or beautiful. But this little word can be a powerful force in writing and in speaking. It can play an important part in creating colourful, interesting sentences. The word “but” has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part “but” plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).When acting as a coordinating conjunction, “but” is used to add information to an earlier statement that usually goes against it in some way. Consider these lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, by F Scott Fitzgerald. “John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, but the mountain was bare of human life.” The first clause starts with “John opened his eyes wide” and the second clause starts with “but the mountain”. The first part of the sentence suggests an effort-opening the eyes wide. The second part of the sentence suggests that the effort was of no use-John did not see anyone. Consider how the sentence might have been different if “but” were not used. It might be something like this: John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, and he didn’t see anyone. This sentence is much less interesting. Let’s explore why. In the book Storyworthy, the American storyteller Matthew Dicks described a few words that bring a story to life. One of these words is“but”. Dicks says “but” has an interesting effect on the reader or listener. The words that come before “but” create an expectation. What comes after“but” goes against the expectation. This creates interest between statements and ideas. Other common conjunctions, such as “and”, do not have the same effect, Dicks believes. Speaking or writing that uses “and” too much becomes more like a list-and lists are not very interesting. 1．Why does the author mention the lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz? A．To introduce the topic. B．To show many uses of “but”. C．To prove the power of “but”. D．To make the text more interesting. 2．Which of the following description methods is NOT used by the author? A．Listing the data. B．Quoting original material. C．Making a comparison. D．Illustrating with examples. 3．What is the reason why this word “but” makes sentences more interesting? A．The word itself is short and attractive. B．Most people don’t like listing in writing. C．It is more convenient and effective than “and”. D．It can produce a context where events don’t happen as one wishes. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Highlighting the similarity between BUT and AND B．Explaining why BUT has functions of various words C．Exploring how simple BUT makes for good storytelling. D．Recommending an interesting way of writing or speaking. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁丹东·期末） If you want to have a dream where you know you’re dreaming, you might be in luck. A phone app still in testing seems to increase users’ possibilities of having lucid (清醒的) dreams. Before bed, the app has users listen to a specific sound, such as a series of beeps, and practice associating that signal with an awareness of their thoughts and body. When the app plays that sound six hours later, it’s meant to reactivate (激活) that self-awareness, allowing sleeping users to have a lucid dream. These types of sensory signals have proved quite effective to have lucid dreams in sleep studies. A researcher usually tracks someone’s sleep to play sounds during the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage, when lucid dreams are most likely. New experiments show that a rough approximation of the technique using an app can promote lucid dreaming at home, researchers reported in the October Consciousness and Cognition. Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly of Northwestern University in Evanston and his colleagues built and tested the app. In one experiment, 19 people used it every night for a week. Before that week, the group reported an average of 0.74 lucid dreams. During the week of app use, that went up to an average of 2.11 lucid dreams. But it wasn’t completely clear that the app’s sound signals led to that increase. So the team ran another experiment with 112 people. Everyone got lucidity-triggering sounds from training while they slept the first night. But on the second night, the app changed the sounds mode. Only 40 people heard sounds from training while they slept. Another 35 got new sounds. The final 37 heard no sounds. The first night, 17 percent of participants reported lucid dreams. The second night, people who heard training sounds kept up that rate of lucid dreaming while just 5 percent of the people in the other two groups had lucid dreams, indicating that the real sound signals were indeed behind the app’s effectiveness. 1．How does the app help users to have a lucid dream? A．It restarts users’ awareness by playing some specific sounds. B．It practices some special signals to confuse the thoughts of users. C．It applies a technique to associate sounds with their sleep training. D．It tracks users’ sleeping quality by playing sounds during the REM stage. 2．What can we know from the experiments? A．The results of the two experiments were quite different. B．People can’t have a lucid dream without the app’s sounds signals. C．All the participants reported a lucid dream in the second experiment. D．The use of the app did increase the possibilities of having lucid dreams. 3．How did the scientists do the research? A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing sounds. C．By giving examples. D．By giving explanations. 4．Which may be the best title for the text? A．An App: Improving Sleep Quality B．An App: Increasing Lucid Dream C．An App: Letting Your Dream Fly D．An App: Exploring the Dream World 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期末） The American Psychological Association (APA) has issued its first guidance on teens’ social media use. What’s most surprising in its data-based recommendations is how little we know about how these apps influence our kids, which means little research is available about their long-term effects on teens’ brains. Getting better data will require a lot of money and much more openness from tech companies(公司). What little evidence we do have unsurprisingly suggests that social media operates on motivators(激励因素) that aren’t great for young brains. “Many kids start using social media at the worst possible time when it comes to brain development”, says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. “Things like the ‘like’ button and artificial intelligence are going to influence young people’s brains in a way that’s very different from adult brains when it comes to the desire to stay online and to say or do almost anything to get followers.” When it comes to social interactions, he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal(油门) and weak brakes (刹车). Earlier this year, Prinstein and his UNC colleagues published the results of one of the first studies of how the teenage brain reacts to social media. The team surveyed a group of middle students to understand their social media habits, and then stuck them in an MRI machine to watch their brains as they reacted to social rewards or punishments. They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns(神经模式), with more activity over time in parts of the brain related to enthusiasm and concentration. The team didn’t weigh in on whether those differences were good or bad. But their work points to the need for more research. It should also remind parents of the need to be aware of social media’s hidden influence on still-developing brains. 1．What does the APA report point out about social media apps? A．The disadvantages of their motivators. B．The shortage of data on their influence. C．The dishonesty of social media. D．The influence of tech companies. 2．Which word can best describe young brains in relation to social interactions? A．Tense. B．Limited. C．Uncontrolled. D．Frightened. 3．What did Prinstein’s team find in their study? A．Kids were more self-centered. B．Social media brought about a positive effect. C．12-year-old kids were more enthusiastic than others. D．Regular social media checking changed neural patterns. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Limitations on Teens. B．The Guidance on Teens’ Social Media Use. C．The Useful Recommendations of Social Media. D．The Hidden Impact of Social Media on Teens’ Brains. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末） English language learning and teaching involve more factors than language rules and phonetic (语音的) development. Language learners who pay no attention to the cultural elements seem to meet with many difficulties in understanding what native speakers mean. Cultural education makes language learners know cultural backgrounds easily. Though culture has always been an element in English language learning, it was during the 1960s that linguists began to place cultural education at the forefront of language learning. And most experts believed that cultural education should focus on learning the culture of the target language. In 1974, teachers started to introduce it into the English language learning classroom. In the 1990s, Michael Byram and Carol Morgan published a report, which showed the importance of knowing the learners’ cultural backgrounds when teachers taught their students to study a foreign language. For a student whose cultural tradition involves mostly spoken story-telling, reading a text may be a little bit difficult. If the language teacher is unfamiliar with the cultural tradition of this student, he or she may consider the student’s reading trouble as a learning problem. However, it’s actually the result of cultural differences. There are many cultural differences affecting English language learning. The most obvious one is the native language itself. A student who follows basic language and grammar rules from his or her native language will have trouble learning English. Because English may not be translated into his or her native language directly. Another cultural influence is learning or teaching style. All of these may cause different learning results. Cultural education is the most important step in reducing cultural conflicts (冲突) that may arise in the English language classroom. Teachers should be educated in many kinds of instructions that could respond to any student’s needs. Classroom time should focus on understandable cultural education; lessons about body language, eye contact, academic language and conversational language also should be the most important elements of the curriculum (课程). 1．The example in Paragraph 3 implies that language teachers should ______. A．encourage students with learning difficulties more often B．help students realize the importance of communication C．learn about students’ cultural language backgrounds D．set a good learning example for their students 2．What are educators advised to do to apply cultural education in English teaching? A．Organize colorful after-school activities. B．Use different forms of language communication. C．Teach grammar rules through more reading and writing. D．Find the similarities between English and one’s native language. 3．What does the underlined word “arise” mean in the last paragraph? A．value. B．raise. C．change. D．appear. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Culture influences language learning. B．Each culture has its unique features. C．English teaching methods are changing. D．People’s learning habits decide their learning abilities. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林蛟河·期末） Understanding ancient languages and texts has been a challenge for researchers for centuries. Now, they are using artificial intelligence (AI) to quickly translate ancient texts and languages like Akkadian into English. “In ancient Mesopotamia, people used clay tablets (粘土板) with special writing to remember and share important information about their history. These tablets provide facts about their society, economy, and science,” a new Oxford report said. “Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.” But using AI to read ancient texts is not as simple as running a picture through a ChatGPT system. “There is only a small amount of data (数据) we could use to train the models; given that, we tried to reach tens of thousands of examples,” said bai Gutherz, who co-authored the report. Akkadian was the common language in the old Middle East and Mesopotamia. People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today. The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years. Clay tablets are hardly preserved in their completeness. As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information. The researchers have developed a website to show their technology. They have used a model known as Akkademia to train the collected data. The project aims to do translations for different ancient languages, starting with Akkadian. “We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.” 1．What does the Oxford report state about ancient clay tablets? A．They were created for art expression. B．They draw the attention of many experts. C．They hold valuable untranslated information. D．They are commonly found in household goods. 2．Why is English mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show the wide use of Akkadian. B．To tell the importance of translation. C．To note its differences from Akkadian. D．To explain the early development of English. 3．What does the underlined word “preserved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Created. B．Changed. C．Thrown. D．protected. 4．What does Gutherz think of the work of translating Akkadian? A．Tiring. B．Risky. C．Meaningful. D．Useless. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末） To assess (评估) protected-area impact on wildlife, a team led by researchers from the UK examined waterbird data from 1,506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27,000 bird populations across the world. They compared waterbird populations before and after the construction of protected areas, and also, populations within and outside of protected areas. “Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have a positive effect,” lead author Hannah Wauchope of the University of Exeter says in a statement. “In most of the places we looked at, bird populations were unchanging or were increasing, but some of them weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas,” she adds. “There seems to be the disconnection between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive.” This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity (生物多样性) goals for the next decade. Several countries have already decided to protect 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily assure positive effects on species. “Simply reaching a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030 without focus on managing existing protected areas properly will achieve little,” co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University says. “When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a change of their focus, rather than simply saying how much surface area they are going to protect.” According to Thomas Brooks, chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, who was not involved in the study, waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the impact of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss. These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed (分布), clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas. 1．What can be learned about protected areas from the study? A．Their problems went unnoticed at all. B．Their bird populations are increasing. C．They have a negative effect on wildlife. D．Some of them fail to achieve their purpose. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Increasing protected areas. B．Organizing the meeting. C．Talking about biodiversity. D．Doing something positive. 3．What does Julia Jones call on world leaders to do? A．Face the impact of human behaviours. B．Try to set targets for the next ten years. C．Have a deep understanding of biodiversity. D．Focus on the effectiveness of protected areas. 4．What does Thomas Brooks think of the study? A．Incredible. B．Trustworthy. C．Disappointing. D．Unsatisfying. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·内蒙古·期末） Humans’ voices frighten wildlife in a South African wildlife reserve (保护区) even more than the roars of lions, found by a study led by Michael Clinchy at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. “In theory, this is a protected area, so these animals should not be fearful of us,” Clinchy says. “But (our study finds that) whether you’re a wildlife tourist, or a hunter, or whatever, you’re all going to be considered as the same thing. The presence of the human is equally frightful, regardless of what type of human you are.” Clinchy and his colleagues had already discovered that the fear of predators (捕食者) can cause species to decrease in number. Wanting to find out which was the most feared, the team decided to test humans against lions — often thought to be the world’s most fearsome predator on land, says Clinchy. They set up loudspeakers and cameras on trees 10 meters away from animal paths near 21 waterholes in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. The park hosts one of the largest remaining lion populations in the world. When animals approached the waterholes, the speakers automatically played back one of four kinds of recordings, all at the same volume (音量). These included men and women speaking calmly in local languages and dialects, the roar of lions, gun shots with or without barking dogs and the calls of regional birds like wood owls. The researchers captured 15,000 videos of 19 species reacting to their recordings. They found that wildlife ran around in response to human voices more than to any other sounds. They were also 40 percent quicker to run away — leaving the waterhole even during the dry season — when hearing humans compared with lions or hunting sounds. The animals were unlikely to have learned these fear reactions through their limited contact with humans, says Clinchy. “It does seem to be ingrained.” The only species that didn’t escape from people’s voices was the lions themselves. “The lions didn’t run from anything,” he says. The findings build on previous studies of animals’ strongly fearful reactions to humans highlighting the damaging impact that our presence can have throughout wildlife habitats. “Just the fear of us could potentially be having significant ecological results,” says Clinchy. Even so, the findings could lead to positive results as well, he adds. Recordings of human voices might stop wildlife from entering crop fields or livestock farms, or even protect rhinoceroses (犀牛) from walking in areas where horn hunting is more likely to happen. 1．What kind of person do wild animals fear most? A．Tourists. B．All humans. C．Local people. D．Hunters. 2．Why did the researchers choose lion roars in the recordings? A．Lions roar very loudly. B．Lions are not afraid of anything. C．Lions are the predator with the largest population. D．Lions are believed to be the most frightening predator on land. 3．What does the underlined “ingrained” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Deep-rooted. B．Harmful. C．Beneficial. D．Rare. 4．What is the positive effect of human voice recordings? A．Helping humans track wildlife better. B．Helping the police find hunters quickly. C．Keeping wildlife and humans at a distance. D．Making animals no longer afraid of humans. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期末） Growing up in Sweden, local and seasonal food was a given. Availability of food was lacking, so reducing limited food waste was important. My grandmother was amazing, creating delicious and healthy meals from seasonal ingredients while making sure of little food waste. She used remaining oatmeal from breakfast to bake bread. She made yesterday’s cooked potatoes into potato pies. The climate and environment had a great effect on many regional Swedish dishes and local variations of national dishes. Mixing influences of other cooking styles while expressing the simplicity of Swedish food has helped Swedish cuisine develop. Vikings, soldiers in the Middle Ages and New World explorers all brought back different food and influences. Immigration from countries including Poland, Turkey and Syria has been key to the development of traditional Swedish dishes. Due to Sweden’s geographic location, the climate can be terrible, particularly in North where long periods of cold temperatures, especially at night, make farming a challenge. Root vegetables are suitable to grow. Potatoes started to become a main food for every family in the 1800s and remain so today. Sweden’s long coastline along with more than 90,000 lakes and many rivers provide a richness of seafood. Historically, fish is served on Tuesdays and Thursdays. This custom dates back to the Middle Ages when fasting (斋戒) was marked on Wednesdays and Fridays. For that reason, Tuesdays and Thursdays were days for a big meal. This food tradition remains today, even though fasting ended in the 1500s. Economic development and easy access to food have led to an increase in the number of overweight Swedes. Environmental concerns have led to growing interest in using local and seasonal food. Professional chefs and home cooks are trying to make small changes to the recipes from older generations. For example, it is prevalent to collect what is available in nature to cook with and preserve at both high-end restaurants and homes. Time will tell if these changes will have a health effect on the population. 1．Why was grandmother mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To praise grandmother for her excellent cooking skills. B．To illustrate grandmother had a good habit of not wasting. C．To express the writer’s love and memories about grandmother. D．To show local and seasonal food was in short supply in Sweden. 2．Which of the following can best describe the characters of Swedish food? A．Simple and mixed. B．Delicious but salty. C．Diverse but fatty. D．Plentiful and changing. 3．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Unusual. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Necessary. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing the text? A．To encourage readers to taste Swedish food. B．To inspire people to concern food and climate. C．To introduce the development of Swedish food. D．To call on people not to waste food like Swedes. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期末） When adult humans meet a baby, many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音), sing-song voice. This change, known as parentese, is not unique to humans — it has also been watched in animals like monkeys and gorillas. Now, scientists are adding one more species to that list: bottle-nosed dolphins. Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups. They communicate in a unique way: every individual produces its own unique sound that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But how does each come up with its unique sound? For babies, it might have something to do with listening to Mum. To solve this mystery, researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make. Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottle-nosed dolphins. When the mother dolphins were near their young, they continued to make their unique sound, but at a higher frequency. They also used a wider range of frequencies (频率) than they did when their babies were not nearby. This discovery suggests that using these changes mother dolphins help their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves. Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own, it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate. At the very least, the higher-pitched sound is likely to get the babies’ attention. “It’s important for a baby to know, ‘Oh, Mum’s talking to me now’” says marine biologist June Mann. This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans. “It is absolutely necessary to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate,” says Mann. “I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others, which is what happens in humans.” 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1 in the text? A．To give examples. B．To lead to the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To show an explanation. 2．How old is a bottle-nosed dolphin when it has its own unique sound? A．One year old. B．Two years old. C．Three years old. D．Four years old. 3．How does each dolphin come up with its unique sound? A．By learning from their mums. B．By drawing their mums’ attention. C．By using a wider range of frequencies. D．By watching the behavior of other dolphins. 4．How does Mann feel about the research on the communication among dolphins? A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Fascinated. D．Unconcerned. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林·期末） Drones (无人机) are increasingly flying in our skies, capturing images, managing crops and soon, delivering packages. But how do birds view this event? With strict animal ethics approval, we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay. We found many species were not disturbed, provided the drone was small and flew above 60 meters. The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬), which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m. But when eastern curlews took flight, other nearby species were often frightened, creating a domino effect that eventually caused the whole flock to take flight. Drone disturbance can interrupt birds as they rest or feed. It can even cause them to avoid some locations altogether. If the birds are consistently interrupted or scared away from their preferred habitats, they may find it difficult to eat and rest enough to survive and reproduce. This is particularly concerning for species such as eastern curlews, which migrate thousands of kilometers to breed. We studied a diverse group of birds typically found along coastlines, known as shorebirds. Heartbreakingly, their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting. The last few decades have been not optimistic for the eastern curlew, which is the world’s largest migratory shorebird. Research in 2011 indicated a population decline of 80% over three generations. While drones are unlikely to have played a major role in shorebird decline so far, our results, combined with the increasing presence of drones along our coastline, indicate they could become yet another source of disturbance for these birds, many of which are already endangered. Drones can be beneficial in many ways, but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimize potential harm. In some locations, such as some Australian national parks, drone use is already forbidden or restricted. But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations. 1．What’s the problem with eastern curlews? A．Their habitats are being damaged. B．They are being hunted. C．Their safety is being threatened. D．They are being disturbed. 2．What do we learn about eastern curlews? A．They are able to fly above 120 meters. B．They are sensitive to their surroundings C．They are unable to find a place to eat and rest. D．They adapt to the environment quickly. 3．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．increased rapidly. B．recovered slowly. C．decreased wildly. D．changed gradually. 4．What’s the author’s final conclusion about drones? A．Their use should obey certain regulations. B．They should be forbidden in all places. C．They cause no damage to eastern curlews. D．They benefit eastern curlews in a variety of ways. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末） A new subject, labor (劳动), has appeared in the primary and middle schools in China. The country has different hopes for students of different grades, such as being able to cook rice, cook dumping sand sweep the floor for the students in the third and fourth grades. Students in Grade 5 and 6 should be able to cook 2 or 3 dishes, like fried eggs with tomatoes. They also should learn to make the bed and wash clothes. The good points of doing chores are much greater than we think. An educational organization did a study at some primary schools. They divided (分开) the students into two groups. Group One (about 6, 000 students) like doing chores, while Group Two (more than 13, 000 students) don’t like to do chores. To people’s surprise, the first group are better at subjects at school than the second group. And I think when children join in the housework, they can truly experience the hard work of parents and be thankful for their parents. It’s quite important for children to learn to take care of themselves. Only by taking good care of themselves can they have a wonderful life. With the help of parents, children should try doing some chores. And children can feel the joy from working. If children can’t do it well, parents shouldn’t blame (责备) them. Just then, helping them is much more important. 1．Students in Grade 3 and 4 are able to ________. A．cook rice. B．wash clothes. C．make the bed. D．cook fried eggs with tomatoes. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Good time to do chores. B．Different kinds of chores. C．The good points of doing chores. D．Different ideas about doing chores. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New Subject. B．A Careful Study. C．The Interesting Chores. D．The Strict Parents. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了劳动成为中国中小学的一门新科目，不同年级学生有不同劳动要求，还阐述了做家务的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The country has different hopes for students of different grades, such as being able to cook rice, cook dumplings and sweep the floor for the students in the third and fourth grades.(国家对不同年级的学生有不同的期望，比如三、四年级的学生要能够煮饭、包饺子和扫地)”可知，三、四年级的学生能够煮饭。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The good points of doing chores are much greater than we think.(做家务的好处比我们想象的要大得多)”以及后文通过研究举例说明做家务的好处可知，第三段主要讲了做家务的好处。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A new subject, labor (劳动), has appeared in the primary and middle schools in China.(在中国的中小学出现了一门新科目——劳动)”可知，文章围绕劳动这门新科目展开，介绍了不同年级的劳动要求和做家务的好处等内容。所以“A new subject(一门新科目)”最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 Involution has become a popular word these days. But what does it really mean? In our daily life, we can see involution everywhere. For example, in a school, students study harder and harder. They not only have to finish a lot of homework but also take many extra classes after school. They all want to get better grades than others. Everyone is trying to do more and be better, just like in a race where no one wants to fall behind. This is involution. Another example is in the business world. Many companies make similar products. They try to lower the price and spend a lot on advertising to attract more customers. They compete with each other in a very intense (激烈的) way. Workers in these companies may also have to work longer hours to make more products or provide better services. Involution makes people feel tired and stressed. People seem to have no other choice but to keep up with others. However, we should also think about how to get out of this situation. Maybe we can focus on our own interests and do things in a more relaxed and creative way. Instead of just following others blindly, we can find our own path and enjoy the process of learning and growing. Don’t let involution control our lives but try to make a better and more enjoyable world for ourselves. 1．In the school example, why do students take many extra classes? A．Because they have nothing else to do. B．Because they want to make more friends. C．Because they hope to get better grades than others. D．Because their parents force them to. 2．According to Paragraph 3, which is NOT true? A．Many companies make different and unique products. B．Many companies compete in price and advertising. C．Workers may need to work longer hours. D．There is intense competition among companies. 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements isn’t involution? A．Students have to take many after-school classes. B．Some people volunteer to work overtime without pay. C．Basketball players compete with others in a basketball match fiercely. D．Hotels keep adding service to attract more customers. 4．What suggestion does the author give to deal with involution? A．To focus on personal interests and be creative. B．To continue to work harder like others. C．To give up and do nothing. D．To ask the government for help. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今的“内卷”现象，解释了内卷的含义以及如何应对内卷。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, in a school, students study harder and harder. They not only have to finish a lot of homework but also take many extra classes after school. They all want to get better grades than others. (例如，在学校，学生学习越来越努力。他们不仅要完成大量的家庭作业，而且放学后还要上许多额外的课。他们都想比别人取得更好的成绩)”可知，在学校的例子中，学生参加很多额外的课程是因为他们希望取得比别人更好的成绩。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many companies make similar products. (许多公司生产类似的产品)”可知，A选项“许多公司生产不同的、独特的产品”不正确。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, in a school, students study harder and harder. They not only have to finish a lot of homework but also take many extra classes after school. They all want to get better grades than others. (例如，在学校，学生学习越来越努力。他们不仅要完成大量的家庭作业，而且放学后还要上许多额外的课。他们都想比别人取得更好的成绩)”以及第四段“Workers in these companies may also have to work longer hours to make more products or provide better services. (这些公司的工人也可能不得不工作更长时间来生产更多的产品或提供更好的服务)”可知，篮球运动员在篮球比赛中与其他人激烈竞争不属于内卷现象。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Maybe we can focus on our own interests and do things in a more relaxed and creative way. (也许我们可以专注于自己的兴趣，以一种更轻松和创造性的方式做事)”可知，作者建议关注个人兴趣并富有创造力来应对内卷问题。故选A Passage 3 （24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Did you know that even if you exercise regularly, you might still be what researchers call an “active couch potato”? Think about this: If you exercise once a day for 30 to 45 minutes, you could still spend 80% to 90% of your waking hours sitting. A study in England showed that while over 55% of adults met the recommended physical activity guide lines, they still sat for about 10 hours a day. Spending too many hours inactive each day, including watching TV (a classic couch potato activity), can increase the risk of fitness and more than 30 other chronic (慢性的) illnesses. Inactivity has also been found to raise chances of heart disease. This imbalance can cancel out many of the positive effects of exercising, such as controlling blood sugar and improving blood flow (流动) to the legs and brain. Just four to six hours of inactivity can cause a drop in an enzyme (酶) that helps the body use fat for energy. Researchers from New Zeal and compared people who sat for 18 hours without exercising with “active couch potatoes” who exercised for 30 minutes between two nine-hour periods of inactivity. They also compared these groups with a third group who did light exercise for just two minutes every half an hour. The sedentary and “active couch potato” groups had higher blood sugar levels, while the light exercise group had better blood sugar control. The results of these studies point to the same conclusion: No matter how active you are, it’s important to be less of a couch potato — or a more active one. So, if your New Year’s resolution is to start a new exercise plan, remember to take breaks to avoid sitting too long by walking for a few minutes throughout the day too. 1．What does the term “active couch potato” suggest about regular exercise? A．Regular exercise should be avoided. B．Long regular exercise is unnecessary. C．Regular exercise isn’t always good for health. D．Daily one-time short exercise isn’t enough for good health. 2．What do we know about being inactive for too many hours each day? A．It can reduce chances of heart disease. B．It can quicken blood flow to the legs and brain. C．It can be good for enzyme activity for fat usage. D．It can increase the risk of fitness and chronic illnesses. 3．What do the underlined words “The sedentary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．People who are inactive for a long time. B．People training others to do proper exercise. C．People who like doing exercise during work. D．People doing exercise more than 3 hours a day. 4．What is the text? A．A paper on working too long. B．A personal diary. C．An article on health. D．A news report on chronic illnesses. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，每天一次的短暂运动对健康来说是不够的，每天太长时间不运动会增加健康和慢性疾病的风险，要避免坐得太久，坐久了就起来走几分钟。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句到最后一句“Think about this: If you exercise once a day for 30 to 45 minutes, you could still spend 80% to 90% of your waking hours sitting. A study in England showed that while over 55% of adults met the recommended physical activity guide lines, they still sat for about 10 hours a day.(想想看：如果你每天锻炼一次，每次30到45分钟，那么你醒着的时间里仍有80%到90%是坐着的。英国的一项研究表明，尽管超过55%的成年人达到了建议的身体活动指导标准，但他们每天仍然坐着大约10个小时。)”可知，“活跃的沙发土豆”是指每天一次的短暂运动对健康来说是不够的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Spending too many hours inactive each day, including watching TV (a classic couch potato activity), can increase the risk of fitness and more than 30 other chronic (慢性的) illnesses.(每天花太多时间不活动，包括看电视（一种典型的沙发土豆活动），会增加健康和30多种其他慢性疾病的风险。)”可知，每天太长时间不运动会增加健康和慢性疾病的风险。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段前两句“Researchers from New Zeal and compared people who sat for 18 hours without exercising with “active couch potatoes” who exercised for 30 minutes between two nine-hour periods of inactivity. They also compared these groups with a third group who did light exercise for just two minutes every half an hour.(New Zeal公司的研究人员将坐了18个小时不运动的人和在两个9小时不运动的时间段内运动30分钟的“活跃的沙发土豆”进行了比较。他们还将这些组与第三组进行了比较，第三组每半小时只进行两分钟的轻度运动。)”和最后一句中的“while the light exercise group had better blood sugar control(而轻度运动组血糖控制较好)”可知，“The sedentary”是指长时间不动弹的人。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“A study in England showed that while over 55% of adults met the recommended physical activity guide lines, they still sat for about l0 hours a day.(英国的一项研究表明，尽管超过55%的成年人达到了建议的身体活动指导标准，但他们每天仍然会坐大约10个小时。)”和最后一段“The results of these studies point to the same conclusion: No matter how active you are, it’s important to be less of a couch potato — or a more active one. So, if your New Year’s resolution is to start a new exercise plan, remember to take breaks to avoid sitting too long by walking for a few minutes throughout the day too.(这些研究的结果都指向同一个结论：不管你有多活跃，重要的是少做一个“沙发土豆”，或者做一个更活跃的人。所以，如果你的新年决心是开始一个新的锻炼计划，记得休息一下，避免坐得太久，坐久了就起来走几分钟。)”可知，本文是一篇关于健康的文章。故选C。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林·期末） For more than two days in September 1974, the people of Honduras shut their windows, locked their doors, and stayed inside their homes because hurricane Fifi was outside. By the time Fifi had left, about 8, 000 people were dead. Fifi wasn’t a pet dog as the name suggests. It was one of the worst hurricane’s that year. Hurricanes were first given names so that people could differentiate (区分) between different storms in the same area. At first, the names were all female names (like Fifi), but after some protest from Women’s Organizations, both male and female names were used, alternating (交替) between genders (性别) storm by storm, giving the names out in the alphabetical (字母标的) order. There are six sets of names for storms and hurricane that are used over six years and then reused. Each list is made up of 21 names, starting with every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z. However, the 126 names on the lists are used only for scorns forming off the Atlantic coast of the US. There are separate lists for hurricane that take place in the Pacific. Max May field is the director of the National Hurricane Centre and it is his responsibility to pick new names for storms off the Atlantic coast. He doesn’t do it alone, though. Hurricane experts from several countries in the Caribbean, Central America, and North America vote on what names will replace the old ones. 1．Fifi is the name of _______. A．a hurricane B．a country C．a pet dog D．a little girl 2．The names for storms and hurricane ________. A．are all male names B．are all female names C．are used alternately between genders D．are difficult to spell 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．About 8, 000 people were killed in the hurricane named Fifi. B．The 126 names can’t be used for storms that take place in the Pacific. C．People in Honduras were frightened by Fifi because it was quite damaging. D．Nobody helps mad May Field pick new names for storms off the Atlantic coast. 4．Which list could be used to name five storms forming off the Atlantic coast of the US? A．David, Helen, Jack, Mike, Lucy. B．Lucy, Michael, Nancy, Peter, Tina. C．Sam, Tina, Victor, Victoria, Sophia. D．Peter, Rose, Sam, Zoe Victor. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是飓风的命名规则和相关背景信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fifi wasn’t a pet dog as the name suggests. It was one of the worst hurricane’s that year.(Fifi并不像它的名字那样是一只宠物狗。这是当年最严重的飓风之一。)”可知，Fifi是一场飓风的名字。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first, the names were all female names (like Fifi), but after some protest from Women’s Organizations, both male and female names were used, alternating (交替) between genders (性别) storm by storm, giving the names out in the alphabetical (字母标的) order.(起初，这些名字都是女性名字（比如Fifi），但在妇女组织的一些抗议之后，男性和女性名字都被使用，在性别之间风暴交替，按字母顺序给出名字。)”可知，暴风雨和飓风的名字是两种性别的名字交替使用，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He doesn’t do it alone, though. Hurricane experts from several countries in the Caribbean, Central America, and North America vote on what names will replace the old ones.(不过，他并不是一个人这么做的。来自加勒比海、中美洲和北美几个国家的飓风专家投票决定用什么名字来代替旧的名字。)”可知，Max Mayfield并非独自完成为暴风雨选名字这项工作，因此D选项“Nobody helps mad May Field pick new names for storms off the Atlantic coast.(没有人帮助Max Mayfield为大西洋沿岸的风暴挑选新名字。)”表述是错误的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At first, the names were all female names (like Fifi), but after some protest from Women’s Organizations, both male and female names were used, alternating (交替) between genders (性别) storm by storm, giving the names out in the alphabetical (字母标的) order.(起初，这些名字都是女性名字（比如Fifi），但在妇女组织的一些抗议之后，男性和女性名字都被使用，在性别之间风暴交替，按字母顺序给出名字。)”和“Each list is made up of 21 names, starting with every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z.(每个名单由21个名字组成，从Q、U、X、Y和Z以外的每个字母开始。)”可知，暴风雨的命名规则是按照字母表的顺序排列，除去字母Q、U、X、Y和Z开头的名字，男女名字交替，因此B选项的名单可以用来命名美国大西洋沿岸形成的五场风暴。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林教考联盟·期末） More than 10 million Chinese cultural relics have been lost overseas, most of which were stolen and illegally shipped out of China during the times of war before 1949. About 1.67 million pieces are housed in more than 200 museums in 47 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of private collectors. Most of these treasures are owned by museums or private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. There are more than 23,000 pieces in the British Museum, most of which were stolen or bought for pennies more than 100 years ago. The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back. In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government. Also the government can turn to official channels (渠道) to demand the return of relics. In 2003, a priceless bronze pig’s head dating from the Qing Dynasty was returned to its home in Beijing after it was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. Macao entrepreneur Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing. Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures, limited funding is always a big headache. In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas. It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database collecting relevant information. It has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The donations about the cultural relics by Stanley Ho. B．The ways to restore cultural relics. C．The efforts to recover Chinese cultural relics. D．The facts about the stolen cultural relics. 2．What can be learned about the bronze pig’s head? A．It was made in the Ming Dynasty. B．It is housed now in the Poly Art Museum in Beijing. C．It was donated by the French government to China. D．It was contributed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. 3．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．the Chinese government has done a great deal to recover the lost cultural relics B．a lot of countries have returned the lost cultural relics to China for free C．China has adequate money to buy all the cultural relics back D．China is ready to set up a database to collect information about the lost cultural relics 4．The underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”. A．careful B．challenging C．popular D．workable 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了解放前中国大量文物在海外丢失，这些珍宝大多为美国、欧洲、日本和东南亚国家的博物馆或私人收藏家所有，其中大英博物馆最多。收回国宝主要靠私人收藏家将文物捐赠给政府或政府通过官方渠道要求归还文物。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back. In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government. Also the government can turn to official channels (渠道) to demand the return of relics.(收回这些国宝的主要方法是买回它们。在某些情况下，私人收藏家将文物捐赠给政府。政府也可以通过官方渠道要求归还文物)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于收回中国文物的努力。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Macao entrepreneur Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.(澳门企业家何鸿燊出资600万元从一位美国艺术收藏家手中买回这幅画，然后将其捐赠给北京保利艺术博物馆)”可知，青铜猪头收藏在北京保利艺术博物馆。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas. It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database collecting relevant information. It has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations.(近年来，中国政府加大了对流失海外的珍贵文物的追回力度。它已经启动了一个关于追回宝藏的国家项目，并建立了一个收集有关资料的数据库。它已经与许多国家就这一问题签署了几项国际协议，并正在与几个国际组织密切合作，寻求国际合作，以恢复文物)”可知，从这篇文章中我们可以推断，中国政府为找回丢失的文物做了很多工作。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back.(收回这些国宝的主要方法是买回它们)”以及第五段划线词后文“limited funding is always a big headache.(资金有限始终是一个令人头痛的问题)”可推断“Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures”意思是“虽然回购是找回丢失的宝藏最可行的方法”，feasible意为“可行的，可能的”。A. careful 细心的；B. challenging困难；C. popular受欢迎的；D. workable可行的。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·吉林延边·期末） Most people plan their vacations well in advance, including where they’re going. But some like the thrill of not knowing where they will end up. Earlier this year, mystery box travel purchases surged among China’s young people. Usually, travelers buy a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — and then receive several destination choices. After the destination is decided, their trip begins. “The mystery box directly assigns me a few destinations, which are wonderful and cheap,” A citizen surnamed Cheng told Haibao News, a media outlet based in Shandong province. Liao Liangyu, 16, has turned his eagerness to go on a mystery box trip into reality. Months ago, Liao traveled with a couple of friends to Changsha in Hunan province. With its reputation of a super hyped-up internet sensation (网红地), Liao had a change of opinion after seeing Changsha for himself. “My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao told China Daily. “You can see skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and old houses in rundown alleys (小巷) in the same view.” Travel mystery boxes bring excitement to many less popular destinations. For example, Dehong city in Yunnan, despite its scenic views, previously received few visitors due to a lack of promotion. But after it was included as a mystery box travel destination, Dehong has since got lots of attention. But even so, a large number of people feel disappointed with travel mystery boxes because they can encounter (遇到) many problems after purchasing one, such as poor travel times and sudden flight cancellations. Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should choose reliable platforms and sign contracts (合同) to guarantee their trip specifications. 1．What is mystery box travel? A．A trip to an internet sensation. B．A trip only for young people. C．A trip with several destination choices. D．A trip without a destination planned in advance. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Increased rapidly. B．Cheated widely. C．Improved gradually. D．Reduced suddenly. 3．What may be Liao Liangyu’s opinion about mystery box travel? A．People should take it with friends. B．People should go to a place with contrasts. C．It can change a person’s understanding of a place. D．It can bring more visitors to less popular destinations. 4．In order to avoid problems with mystery box travel, what is suggested? A．Choose the right time to travel. B．Don’t book air tickets in person. C．Don’t buy any mystery box travel. D．Pay attention to the platforms and sign documents. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受欢迎的旅行方式——“旅行盲盒”。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most people plan their vacations well in advance, including where they’re going. But some like the thrill of not knowing where they will end up.(大多数人都提前计划好了假期，包括要去哪里。但有些人喜欢不知道自己会在哪里结束的那种兴奋感)”可知，“旅行盲盒”是指没有提前计划目的地的旅行。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But some like the thrill of not knowing where they will end up.(但有些人喜欢不知道自己会在哪里结束的那种兴奋感)”和划线词下文“Usually, travelers buy a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — and then receive several destination choices. After the destination is decided, their trip begins.(通常情况下，游客会以低价（通常是100元或200元）购买一个神秘的盒子，然后有几个目的地可供选择。目的地确定后，他们的旅行就开始了)”可知，上文提到有些人喜欢“旅行盲盒”，下文说明如何通过“旅行盲盒”开始旅行，推知划线词所在句意为“今年早些时候，中国年轻人购买神秘盒子旅游的人数激增”，所以surged的意思与“激增”的意义相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“With its reputation of a super hyped-up internet sensation (网红地), Liao had a change of opinion after seeing Changsha for himself. “My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao told China Daily.(随着长沙在网络上的火爆，在亲眼看到长沙之后，Liao改变了对它的看法。“我最大的发现是长沙是一个充满对比的城市，”Liao在接受《中国日报》采访时表示)”可知，Liao Liangyu通过“旅行盲盒”的方式改变了对长沙的看法，所以他认为“旅行盲盒”可以改变一个人对一个地方的理解。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should choose reliable platforms and sign contracts (合同) to guarantee their trip specifications.(携程网的Sun Weili在接受海宝新闻采访时建议，游客应该选择可靠的平台，并签订合同来保证他们的旅行规范)”可知，为了避免“旅行盲盒”出现的问题，应该注意平台和签署文件。故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁锦州·期末） The simple, three-letter word “but” might not sound or look special, interesting or beautiful. But this little word can be a powerful force in writing and in speaking. It can play an important part in creating colourful, interesting sentences. The word “but” has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part “but” plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).When acting as a coordinating conjunction, “but” is used to add information to an earlier statement that usually goes against it in some way. Consider these lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, by F Scott Fitzgerald. “John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, but the mountain was bare of human life.” The first clause starts with “John opened his eyes wide” and the second clause starts with “but the mountain”. The first part of the sentence suggests an effort-opening the eyes wide. The second part of the sentence suggests that the effort was of no use-John did not see anyone. Consider how the sentence might have been different if “but” were not used. It might be something like this: John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, and he didn’t see anyone. This sentence is much less interesting. Let’s explore why. In the book Storyworthy, the American storyteller Matthew Dicks described a few words that bring a story to life. One of these words is“but”. Dicks says “but” has an interesting effect on the reader or listener. The words that come before “but” create an expectation. What comes after“but” goes against the expectation. This creates interest between statements and ideas. Other common conjunctions, such as “and”, do not have the same effect, Dicks believes. Speaking or writing that uses “and” too much becomes more like a list-and lists are not very interesting. 1．Why does the author mention the lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz? A．To introduce the topic. B．To show many uses of “but”. C．To prove the power of “but”. D．To make the text more interesting. 2．Which of the following description methods is NOT used by the author? A．Listing the data. B．Quoting original material. C．Making a comparison. D．Illustrating with examples. 3．What is the reason why this word “but” makes sentences more interesting? A．The word itself is short and attractive. B．Most people don’t like listing in writing. C．It is more convenient and effective than “and”. D．It can produce a context where events don’t happen as one wishes. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Highlighting the similarity between BUT and AND B．Explaining why BUT has functions of various words C．Exploring how simple BUT makes for good storytelling. D．Recommending an interesting way of writing or speaking. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要探索了简单的BUT如何造就优秀的故事叙述。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The word ‘but’ has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part ‘but’ plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).When acting as a coordinating conjunction, ‘but’ is used to add information to an earlier statement that usually goes against it in some way. Consider these lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, by F Scott Fitzgerald.(‘但是’这个词有很多用法。在今天的报道中，让我们来探讨一下‘但是’作为协调连词的作用。当充当协调连词时，‘但是’用于向前面的陈述句添加信息，而前面的陈述句通常在某种程度上与之相反。想想F Scott Fitzgerald的The Diamond as Big as The Ritz中的这些对白吧)”可知，前文提到“但是”作为协调连词的作用，接着提到The Diamond as Big as the Ritz里面的对白是为了证明上述观点，即“但是”的强大作用，故选C。 2．细节理解题。第二段中“The word ‘but’ has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part ‘but’ plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).When acting as a coordinating conjunction, ‘but’ is used to add information to an earlier statement that usually goes against it in some way. Consider these lines from The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, by F Scott Fitzgerald.(‘但是’这个词有很多用法。在今天的报道中，让我们来探讨一下‘但是’作为协调连词的作用。当充当协调连词时，‘但是’用于向前面的陈述句添加信息，而前面的陈述句通常在某种程度上与之相反。想想F Scott Fitzgerald的The Diamond as Big as The Ritz中的这些对白吧)”中使用例子证明观点；第三段中“John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, but the mountain was bare of human life.(John睁大眼睛要看是否有人从山上下来，但山上没有人)”是小说原著中的句子，故此处引用了原著；第三段中“The first part of the sentence suggests an effort — opening the eyes wide. The second part of the sentence suggests that the effort was of no use — John did not see anyone. Consider how the sentence might have been different if ‘but’ were not used. It might be something like this: John opened his eyes wide to see whether there might be men coming down the mountain, and he didn’t see anyone.(句子的第一部分暗示了一种努力——睁大眼睛。句子的第二部分暗示了努力是没有用的——John没有看到任何人。考虑一下，如果不使用‘但是’，这个句子可能会有什么不同。可能是这样的：John睁大眼睛，想看看是否有人从山上下来，但他没有看到任何人)”对比了句子有无“but”的不同效果；文章没有使用A项“列举数据”的方法。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dicks says ‘but’ has an interesting effect on the reader or listener. The words that come before ‘but’ create an expectation. What comes after ‘but’ goes against the expectation. This creates interest between statements and ideas.(Dicks说，‘但是’对读者或听者有一种有趣的影响。出现在‘但是’之前的单词产生了一种期待。跟在‘但是’后面的东西与预期相反。这会在陈述和观点之间产生兴趣)”可知，“但是”可以产生一种事件不会像人们希望的那样发生的情境，故会让句子更有趣。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The simple, three-letter word ‘but’ might not sound or look special, interesting or beautiful. But this little word can be a powerful force in writing and in speaking. It can play an important part in creating colourful, interesting sentences.(简单的三个字母的单词‘但是’听起来或看起来并不特别、有趣或美丽。但是这个小小的单词在写作和口语中都是一种强大的力量。它可以在创造丰富多彩、有趣的句子方面发挥重要作用)”和第二段中“The word ‘but’ has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part ‘but’ plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).(‘但是’这个词有很多用法。在今天的报道中，让我们来探讨一下‘但是’作为协调连词的作用)”可知， 文章主要是探索简单的BUT如何造就优秀的故事叙述。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁丹东·期末） If you want to have a dream where you know you’re dreaming, you might be in luck. A phone app still in testing seems to increase users’ possibilities of having lucid (清醒的) dreams. Before bed, the app has users listen to a specific sound, such as a series of beeps, and practice associating that signal with an awareness of their thoughts and body. When the app plays that sound six hours later, it’s meant to reactivate (激活) that self-awareness, allowing sleeping users to have a lucid dream. These types of sensory signals have proved quite effective to have lucid dreams in sleep studies. A researcher usually tracks someone’s sleep to play sounds during the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage, when lucid dreams are most likely. New experiments show that a rough approximation of the technique using an app can promote lucid dreaming at home, researchers reported in the October Consciousness and Cognition. Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly of Northwestern University in Evanston and his colleagues built and tested the app. In one experiment, 19 people used it every night for a week. Before that week, the group reported an average of 0.74 lucid dreams. During the week of app use, that went up to an average of 2.11 lucid dreams. But it wasn’t completely clear that the app’s sound signals led to that increase. So the team ran another experiment with 112 people. Everyone got lucidity-triggering sounds from training while they slept the first night. But on the second night, the app changed the sounds mode. Only 40 people heard sounds from training while they slept. Another 35 got new sounds. The final 37 heard no sounds. The first night, 17 percent of participants reported lucid dreams. The second night, people who heard training sounds kept up that rate of lucid dreaming while just 5 percent of the people in the other two groups had lucid dreams, indicating that the real sound signals were indeed behind the app’s effectiveness. 1．How does the app help users to have a lucid dream? A．It restarts users’ awareness by playing some specific sounds. B．It practices some special signals to confuse the thoughts of users. C．It applies a technique to associate sounds with their sleep training. D．It tracks users’ sleeping quality by playing sounds during the REM stage. 2．What can we know from the experiments? A．The results of the two experiments were quite different. B．People can’t have a lucid dream without the app’s sounds signals. C．All the participants reported a lucid dream in the second experiment. D．The use of the app did increase the possibilities of having lucid dreams. 3．How did the scientists do the research? A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing sounds. C．By giving examples. D．By giving explanations. 4．Which may be the best title for the text? A．An App: Improving Sleep Quality B．An App: Increasing Lucid Dream C．An App: Letting Your Dream Fly D．An App: Exploring the Dream World 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一款手机应用能增加用户做清醒梦的可能性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Before bed, the app has users listen to a specific sound, such as a series of beeps, and practice associating that signal with an awareness of their thoughts and body. When the app plays that sound six hours later, it’s meant to reactivate (激活) that self-awareness, allowing sleeping users to have a lucid dream. (睡觉前，该应用程序会让用户听一种特定的声音，比如一系列蜂鸣声，并练习将这种信号与对自己思想和身体的意识联系起来。六小时后，当应用程序再次播放这种声音时，它会激活这种自我意识，让睡眠中的用户能够做清醒梦。)”可知，这款应用通过播放特定的声音来重新启动用户的意识，从而帮助用户在睡眠中产生清醒的梦。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“During the week of app use, that went up to an average of 2.11 lucid dreams. (在那一周使用应用程序期间，这个数字上升到平均每人2.11次清醒梦。)”和最后一段中“The second night, people who heard training sounds kept up that rate of lucid dreaming while just 5 percent of the people in the other two groups had lucid dreams, indicating that the real sound signals were indeed behind the app’s effectiveness. (第二晚，听到训练声音的人保持了清醒梦的频率，而其他两组中只有5%的人做了清醒梦，这表明真实的声音信号确实是应用程序有效的关键。)”可知，使用这款应用确实增加了人们做清醒梦的可能性。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Everyone got lucidity-triggering sounds from training while they slept the first night. But on the second night, the app changed the sounds mode. Only 40 people heard sounds from training while they slept. Another 35 got new sounds. The final 37 heard no sounds. (在第一晚睡觉时，每个人都从训练中听到了引发清醒的声音。但在第二晚，应用程序改变了声音模式。只有40人在睡觉时听到了训练中的声音。另有35人听到了新的声音。最后37人没有听到任何声音。)”可知，科学家们通过对比不同组别的人在听到不同声音后的反应来进行研究。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A phone app still in testing seems to increase users’ possibilities of having lucid (清醒的) dreams. (一款仍在测试中的手机应用程序似乎能够增加用户做清醒梦的可能性。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一款可以增加用户做清醒梦可能性的手机应用。“An App: Increasing Lucid Dream (一款应用程序：增加清醒梦)”符合题意。故选B。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期末） The American Psychological Association (APA) has issued its first guidance on teens’ social media use. What’s most surprising in its data-based recommendations is how little we know about how these apps influence our kids, which means little research is available about their long-term effects on teens’ brains. Getting better data will require a lot of money and much more openness from tech companies(公司). What little evidence we do have unsurprisingly suggests that social media operates on motivators(激励因素) that aren’t great for young brains. “Many kids start using social media at the worst possible time when it comes to brain development”, says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. “Things like the ‘like’ button and artificial intelligence are going to influence young people’s brains in a way that’s very different from adult brains when it comes to the desire to stay online and to say or do almost anything to get followers.” When it comes to social interactions, he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal(油门) and weak brakes (刹车). Earlier this year, Prinstein and his UNC colleagues published the results of one of the first studies of how the teenage brain reacts to social media. The team surveyed a group of middle students to understand their social media habits, and then stuck them in an MRI machine to watch their brains as they reacted to social rewards or punishments. They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns(神经模式), with more activity over time in parts of the brain related to enthusiasm and concentration. The team didn’t weigh in on whether those differences were good or bad. But their work points to the need for more research. It should also remind parents of the need to be aware of social media’s hidden influence on still-developing brains. 1．What does the APA report point out about social media apps? A．The disadvantages of their motivators. B．The shortage of data on their influence. C．The dishonesty of social media. D．The influence of tech companies. 2．Which word can best describe young brains in relation to social interactions? A．Tense. B．Limited. C．Uncontrolled. D．Frightened. 3．What did Prinstein’s team find in their study? A．Kids were more self-centered. B．Social media brought about a positive effect. C．12-year-old kids were more enthusiastic than others. D．Regular social media checking changed neural patterns. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Limitations on Teens. B．The Guidance on Teens’ Social Media Use. C．The Useful Recommendations of Social Media. D．The Hidden Impact of Social Media on Teens’ Brains. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体对青少年大脑的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What’s most surprising in its data-based recommendations is how little we know about how these apps influence our kids, which means little research is available about their long-term effects on teens’ brains. Getting better data will require a lot of money and much more openness from tech companies.(在其基于数据的建议中，最令人惊讶的是我们对这些应用程序如何影响我们的孩子知之甚少，这意味着关于它们对青少年大脑的长期影响的研究很少。获得更好的数据将需要大量资金和科技公司更加开放。)”可知，APA报告指出了关于社交媒体应用程序对青少年的影响，我们了解甚少，即我们缺乏社交媒体应用程序带来何种影响的数据。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“When it comes to social interactions, he compares kids’ brains to a car with a huge gas pedal and weak brakes.(说到社交互动，他把孩子们的大脑比作一辆油门踏板很大、刹车很弱的汽车)”可知，青少年的大脑在进行社交活动时就好像汽车有一个猛油门和弱刹车，即很容易失控。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“They found that 12-year-olds who habitually checked social media had different neural patterns, with more activity over time in parts of the brain related to enthusiasm and concentration.(他们发现，习惯查看社交媒体的12岁儿童有不同的神经模式，随着时间的推移，大脑中与热情和注意力相关的部分活动更多)”可知，该团队发现经常查看社交媒体改变了儿童的神经模式。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“The American Psychological Association (APA) has issued its first guidance on teens’ social media use. What’s most surprising in its data-based recommendations is how little we know about how these apps influence our kids, which means little research is available about their long-term effects on teens’ brains. Getting better data will require a lot of money and much more openness from tech companies.(美国心理协会发布了第一份关于青少年社交媒体使用的指导意见。在其基于数据的建议中，最令人惊讶的是我们对这些应用程序如何影响我们的孩子知之甚少，这意味着关于它们对青少年大脑的长期影响的研究很少。获得更好的数据将需要大量资金和科技公司更加开放)”可知，文章围绕社交媒体对于青少年大脑的潜在影响展开，强调了其带来的影响以及相关研究的不足，D项(社交媒体对青少年大脑的潜在影响)能够准确概括文章主旨，作为题目最合适。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末） English language learning and teaching involve more factors than language rules and phonetic (语音的) development. Language learners who pay no attention to the cultural elements seem to meet with many difficulties in understanding what native speakers mean. Cultural education makes language learners know cultural backgrounds easily. Though culture has always been an element in English language learning, it was during the 1960s that linguists began to place cultural education at the forefront of language learning. And most experts believed that cultural education should focus on learning the culture of the target language. In 1974, teachers started to introduce it into the English language learning classroom. In the 1990s, Michael Byram and Carol Morgan published a report, which showed the importance of knowing the learners’ cultural backgrounds when teachers taught their students to study a foreign language. For a student whose cultural tradition involves mostly spoken story-telling, reading a text may be a little bit difficult. If the language teacher is unfamiliar with the cultural tradition of this student, he or she may consider the student’s reading trouble as a learning problem. However, it’s actually the result of cultural differences. There are many cultural differences affecting English language learning. The most obvious one is the native language itself. A student who follows basic language and grammar rules from his or her native language will have trouble learning English. Because English may not be translated into his or her native language directly. Another cultural influence is learning or teaching style. All of these may cause different learning results. Cultural education is the most important step in reducing cultural conflicts (冲突) that may arise in the English language classroom. Teachers should be educated in many kinds of instructions that could respond to any student’s needs. Classroom time should focus on understandable cultural education; lessons about body language, eye contact, academic language and conversational language also should be the most important elements of the curriculum (课程). 1．The example in Paragraph 3 implies that language teachers should ______. A．encourage students with learning difficulties more often B．help students realize the importance of communication C．learn about students’ cultural language backgrounds D．set a good learning example for their students 2．What are educators advised to do to apply cultural education in English teaching? A．Organize colorful after-school activities. B．Use different forms of language communication. C．Teach grammar rules through more reading and writing. D．Find the similarities between English and one’s native language. 3．What does the underlined word “arise” mean in the last paragraph? A．value. B．raise. C．change. D．appear. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Culture influences language learning. B．Each culture has its unique features. C．English teaching methods are changing. D．People’s learning habits decide their learning abilities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是文化教育对语言学习的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the language teacher is unfamiliar with the cultural tradition of this student, he or she may consider the student’s reading trouble as a learning problem. However, it’s actually the result of cultural differences.(如果语言教师不熟悉这个学生的文化传统，他或她可能会认为学生的阅读问题是一个学习问题，但实际上是文化差异的结果)”可推知，为避免文化差异带来的学习问题，教师应该了解更多学生的文化语言背景。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Teachers should be educated in many kinds of instructions that could respond to any student’s needs. Classroom time should focus on understandable cultural education; lessons about body language, eye contact, academic language and conversational language also should be the most important elements of the curriculum (课程).(教师应该接受多种能满足任何学生需求的教学指导方面的教育。课堂时间应专注于易于理解的文化教育；有关肢体语言、眼神交流、学术语言以及会话语言的课程也应该成为课程的最重要组成部分)”可知，应该使用不同形式的语言交流将文化教育运用到英语教学中。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“cultural conflicts (文化冲突)”以及后文“Teachers should be educated in many kinds of instructions that could respond to any student’s needs.(教师应该接受多种能满足任何学生需求的教学指导方面的教育)”可知，教师应该接受多种能满足任何学生需求的教学指导方面的教育，这是因为英语课堂中可能出现的文化冲突。故划线词意思是“出现”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Language learners who pay no attention to the cultural elements seem to meet with many difficulties in understanding what native speakers mean. Cultural education makes language learners know cultural backgrounds easily.(不注意文化因素的语言学习者在理解母语人士的意思时似乎会遇到很多困难。文化教育使语言学习者更容易了解文化背景)”以及下文介绍的文化教育在语言教学理论与实践的发展和文化差异对语言教学的影响以及给语言教育者的建议可知，本文主要介绍的是文化教育对语言学习的影响。故选A。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林蛟河·期末） Understanding ancient languages and texts has been a challenge for researchers for centuries. Now, they are using artificial intelligence (AI) to quickly translate ancient texts and languages like Akkadian into English. “In ancient Mesopotamia, people used clay tablets (粘土板) with special writing to remember and share important information about their history. These tablets provide facts about their society, economy, and science,” a new Oxford report said. “Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.” But using AI to read ancient texts is not as simple as running a picture through a ChatGPT system. “There is only a small amount of data (数据) we could use to train the models; given that, we tried to reach tens of thousands of examples,” said bai Gutherz, who co-authored the report. Akkadian was the common language in the old Middle East and Mesopotamia. People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today. The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years. Clay tablets are hardly preserved in their completeness. As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information. The researchers have developed a website to show their technology. They have used a model known as Akkademia to train the collected data. The project aims to do translations for different ancient languages, starting with Akkadian. “We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.” 1．What does the Oxford report state about ancient clay tablets? A．They were created for art expression. B．They draw the attention of many experts. C．They hold valuable untranslated information. D．They are commonly found in household goods. 2．Why is English mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show the wide use of Akkadian. B．To tell the importance of translation. C．To note its differences from Akkadian. D．To explain the early development of English. 3．What does the underlined word “preserved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Created. B．Changed. C．Thrown. D．protected. 4．What does Gutherz think of the work of translating Akkadian? A．Tiring. B．Risky. C．Meaningful. D．Useless. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者利用AI翻译阿卡德语的古老粘土板文字，克服数据稀缺和保存不完整等难题，让历史知识更易获取。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.(尽管有许多古老粘土板，但上面的大部分信息都很难理解。这是因为只有少数人能读懂上面的古代文字)”可推知，粘土板记载了关于古代的社会、经济和科学等方面的信息，但只有少数人能读懂这些古老的文字，因此它们包含有价值的未翻译的信息。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today.(那里的人们说着不同的语言，并使用阿卡德语进行交流，因此它在当时是一种广泛的口语和书面语。此外，和其他古代语言一样，汉语也是最早的文字系统之一。它被认为扮演着与今天的英语相当的角色)”可推知，这里提到英语是为了说明阿卡德语在当时作为一种语言被广泛使用，类似于今天英语的普及程度。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线词前文“The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years.(牛津大学的报告说，翻译这些古代文本的问题是找到一个完整的石板，并说阿卡德语是一种已经消失了2000多年的古老语言)”及后文“As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information.(因此，如果没有足够的背景信息，机器翻译和人工翻译都很难理解完整的意思)”可知，由于阿卡德语已经消失2000多年了，粘土板很难保持完整，造成文本背景信息缺失，因此机器翻译和人工翻译很难理解其完整含义。preserved此处是指“被保护或保存”的状态，与protected意思相近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.”(“我们有很多东西要从古代历史中学习；最早的信件和书籍是用阿卡德语和其他古代语言写成的，”Gutherz说。“我认为把阿卡德语翻译成英语和其他人们今天说的语言是非常有趣的。”)”可知，Gutherz认为从古代历史中可以学到很多东西，将阿卡德语翻译成英语和其他语言，使之易于理解，能够帮助人们更好地接触和理解古代文明的成果，因此这项翻译工作是“有意义的”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末） To assess (评估) protected-area impact on wildlife, a team led by researchers from the UK examined waterbird data from 1,506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27,000 bird populations across the world. They compared waterbird populations before and after the construction of protected areas, and also, populations within and outside of protected areas. “Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have a positive effect,” lead author Hannah Wauchope of the University of Exeter says in a statement. “In most of the places we looked at, bird populations were unchanging or were increasing, but some of them weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas,” she adds. “There seems to be the disconnection between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive.” This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity (生物多样性) goals for the next decade. Several countries have already decided to protect 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily assure positive effects on species. “Simply reaching a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030 without focus on managing existing protected areas properly will achieve little,” co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University says. “When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a change of their focus, rather than simply saying how much surface area they are going to protect.” According to Thomas Brooks, chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, who was not involved in the study, waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the impact of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss. These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed (分布), clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas. 1．What can be learned about protected areas from the study? A．Their problems went unnoticed at all. B．Their bird populations are increasing. C．They have a negative effect on wildlife. D．Some of them fail to achieve their purpose. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Increasing protected areas. B．Organizing the meeting. C．Talking about biodiversity. D．Doing something positive. 3．What does Julia Jones call on world leaders to do? A．Face the impact of human behaviours. B．Try to set targets for the next ten years. C．Have a deep understanding of biodiversity. D．Focus on the effectiveness of protected areas. 4．What does Thomas Brooks think of the study? A．Incredible. B．Trustworthy. C．Disappointing. D．Unsatisfying. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据英国研究人员领导的一个团队发现，虽然很多保护区的运作良好，但很多保护区并没有产生积极的影响，并分析了出现这种现象的原因，希望世界领导人在未来的十年规划中能讲重点转移到保护区的实际效果上来。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have a positive effect(我们的研究表明，虽然许多保护区运作良好，但许多其他保护区未能产生积极影响)”可知，其中一些保护区没能达到保护鸟类的目的，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity (生物多样性) goals for the next decade. Several countries have already decided to protect 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily assure positive effects on species.(这项研究是在联合国在中国召开会议讨论未来十年生物多样性目标之前发布的。一些国家已经决定到2030年保护地球30%的面积，但研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能确保对物种产生积极影响)”可知，this指代前文提到的“决定到2030年保护地球30%的面积”，即“增加保护区面积”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Simply reaching a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030 without focus on managing existing protected areas properly will achieve little,’ co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University says. ‘When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a change of their focus, rather than simply saying how much surface area they are going to protect.’(来自班戈大学的共同作者Julia Jones说：‘仅仅实现一个基于区域的目标，比如到2030年达到30%，而不关注对现有保护区的适当管理，将收效甚微。’‘今年晚些时候，当世界各国领导人齐聚中国，制定未来十年的目标时，我真的希望看到他们改变关注点，而不是简单地说他们要保护多少面积。’)”可知，Julia Jones认为仅仅增加保护区面积而不关注对现有保护区的适当管理将收效甚微，各国领导人应改变关注点，故Julia Jones是呼吁各国领导人关注保护区的有效性，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Thomas Brooks, chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, who was not involved in the study, waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the impact of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss. These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed (分布), clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas.(国际自然保护联盟的首席科学家Thomas Brooks没有参与这项研究。他说，水鸟是一个很好的例子，它面临着人类行为造成生物多样性丧失的影响。这些动物对场地质量的变化反应迅速，分布广泛，清楚地反映了保护区的影响)”可知，Thomas Brooks认为这项研究值得信赖，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·内蒙古·期末） Humans’ voices frighten wildlife in a South African wildlife reserve (保护区) even more than the roars of lions, found by a study led by Michael Clinchy at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. “In theory, this is a protected area, so these animals should not be fearful of us,” Clinchy says. “But (our study finds that) whether you’re a wildlife tourist, or a hunter, or whatever, you’re all going to be considered as the same thing. The presence of the human is equally frightful, regardless of what type of human you are.” Clinchy and his colleagues had already discovered that the fear of predators (捕食者) can cause species to decrease in number. Wanting to find out which was the most feared, the team decided to test humans against lions — often thought to be the world’s most fearsome predator on land, says Clinchy. They set up loudspeakers and cameras on trees 10 meters away from animal paths near 21 waterholes in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. The park hosts one of the largest remaining lion populations in the world. When animals approached the waterholes, the speakers automatically played back one of four kinds of recordings, all at the same volume (音量). These included men and women speaking calmly in local languages and dialects, the roar of lions, gun shots with or without barking dogs and the calls of regional birds like wood owls. The researchers captured 15,000 videos of 19 species reacting to their recordings. They found that wildlife ran around in response to human voices more than to any other sounds. They were also 40 percent quicker to run away — leaving the waterhole even during the dry season — when hearing humans compared with lions or hunting sounds. The animals were unlikely to have learned these fear reactions through their limited contact with humans, says Clinchy. “It does seem to be ingrained.” The only species that didn’t escape from people’s voices was the lions themselves. “The lions didn’t run from anything,” he says. The findings build on previous studies of animals’ strongly fearful reactions to humans highlighting the damaging impact that our presence can have throughout wildlife habitats. “Just the fear of us could potentially be having significant ecological results,” says Clinchy. Even so, the findings could lead to positive results as well, he adds. Recordings of human voices might stop wildlife from entering crop fields or livestock farms, or even protect rhinoceroses (犀牛) from walking in areas where horn hunting is more likely to happen. 1．What kind of person do wild animals fear most? A．Tourists. B．All humans. C．Local people. D．Hunters. 2．Why did the researchers choose lion roars in the recordings? A．Lions roar very loudly. B．Lions are not afraid of anything. C．Lions are the predator with the largest population. D．Lions are believed to be the most frightening predator on land. 3．What does the underlined “ingrained” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Deep-rooted. B．Harmful. C．Beneficial. D．Rare. 4．What is the positive effect of human voice recordings? A．Helping humans track wildlife better. B．Helping the police find hunters quickly. C．Keeping wildlife and humans at a distance. D．Making animals no longer afraid of humans. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项由加拿大西安大略大学Michael Clinchy领导的研究发现：在南非的一个野生动物保护区，人类的声音甚至比狮子的吼声更让野生动物害怕。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Clinchy的话“But (our study finds that) whether you’re a wildlife tourist, or a hunter, or whatever, you’re all going to be considered as the same thing. The presence of the human is equally frightful, regardless of what type of human you are.(但是（我们的研究发现）无论你是野生动物游客，还是猎人，或者其他什么，你都会被认为是一样的。人类的存在同样可怕，不管你是什么类型的人)”可知，无论你是什么类型的人类，都会让野生动物感到害怕，即野生动物最怕的是所有人类。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Wanting to find out which was the most feared, the team decided to test humans against lions — often thought to be the world’s most fearsome predator on land, says Clinchy.(Clinchy说，为了找出哪种动物最可怕，研究小组决定测试人类与狮子的对抗——狮子通常被认为是世界上最可怕的陆地捕食者)”可知，为了找出最令人害怕的，团队决定测试人类与狮子——通常被认为是陆地上最令人害怕的捕食者。由此可知，研究人员在录音中选择狮子的吼声是因为狮子被认为是陆地上最令人害怕的捕食者。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中“The animals were unlikely to have learned these fear reactions through their limited contact with humans, says Clinchy.( Clinchy说，这些动物不太可能通过与人类的有限接触而学会这种恐惧反应)”可知，野生动物对所有类型的人类声音作出的恐惧回应不太可能是通过与人类接触而习得的，所以这种恐惧是原本就存在的，即根深蒂固，很难改变的。由此可知，划线词与A选项“Deep-rooted.(根深蒂固的)”为同义词。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even so, the findings could lead to positive results as well, he adds. Recordings of human voices might stop wildlife from entering crop fields or livestock farms, or even protect rhinoceroses (犀牛) from walking in areas where horn hunting is more likely to happen.(他补充说，即便如此，这些发现也可能带来积极的结果。录下人类的声音可能会阻止野生动物进入农田或牲畜饲养场，甚至可以保护犀牛不走在更容易发生犀角捕猎的地区)”可推知，录制的人声可以阻止野生动物进入某些地区，从而在某种程度上保持人与野生动物的距离。故选C Passage 4 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期末） Growing up in Sweden, local and seasonal food was a given. Availability of food was lacking, so reducing limited food waste was important. My grandmother was amazing, creating delicious and healthy meals from seasonal ingredients while making sure of little food waste. She used remaining oatmeal from breakfast to bake bread. She made yesterday’s cooked potatoes into potato pies. The climate and environment had a great effect on many regional Swedish dishes and local variations of national dishes. Mixing influences of other cooking styles while expressing the simplicity of Swedish food has helped Swedish cuisine develop. Vikings, soldiers in the Middle Ages and New World explorers all brought back different food and influences. Immigration from countries including Poland, Turkey and Syria has been key to the development of traditional Swedish dishes. Due to Sweden’s geographic location, the climate can be terrible, particularly in North where long periods of cold temperatures, especially at night, make farming a challenge. Root vegetables are suitable to grow. Potatoes started to become a main food for every family in the 1800s and remain so today. Sweden’s long coastline along with more than 90,000 lakes and many rivers provide a richness of seafood. Historically, fish is served on Tuesdays and Thursdays. This custom dates back to the Middle Ages when fasting (斋戒) was marked on Wednesdays and Fridays. For that reason, Tuesdays and Thursdays were days for a big meal. This food tradition remains today, even though fasting ended in the 1500s. Economic development and easy access to food have led to an increase in the number of overweight Swedes. Environmental concerns have led to growing interest in using local and seasonal food. Professional chefs and home cooks are trying to make small changes to the recipes from older generations. For example, it is prevalent to collect what is available in nature to cook with and preserve at both high-end restaurants and homes. Time will tell if these changes will have a health effect on the population. 1．Why was grandmother mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To praise grandmother for her excellent cooking skills. B．To illustrate grandmother had a good habit of not wasting. C．To express the writer’s love and memories about grandmother. D．To show local and seasonal food was in short supply in Sweden. 2．Which of the following can best describe the characters of Swedish food? A．Simple and mixed. B．Delicious but salty. C．Diverse but fatty. D．Plentiful and changing. 3．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Unusual. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Necessary. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing the text? A．To encourage readers to taste Swedish food. B．To inspire people to concern food and climate. C．To introduce the development of Swedish food. D．To call on people not to waste food like Swedes. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞典食物的发展及其特点与饮食习惯。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Growing up in Sweden, local and seasonal food was a given. Availability of food was lacking, so reducing limited food waste was important. My grandmother was amazing, creating delicious and healthy meals from seasonal ingredients while making sure of little food waste. She used remaining oatmeal from breakfast to bake bread. She made yesterday’s cooked potatoes into potato pies. (在瑞典长大时，食用当地和应季的食品是理所当然的事情。当时食物供应不足，因此减少有限的食物浪费显得尤为重要。我的祖母非常了不起，她用应季食材制作美味又健康的餐食，同时确保几乎不浪费食物。她会用早餐剩下的燕麦粥来烤面包，把昨天煮好的土豆做成土豆派)”可知，提到祖母是为了说明当地和时令食品在瑞典供不应求。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Mixing influences of other cooking styles while expressing the simplicity of Swedish food has helped Swedish cuisine develop. (融合其他烹饪风格的影响，同时展现瑞典食物的简约之美，推动了瑞典美食的发展)”可知，最能描述瑞典食物的特点的是简单和混合的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段中“Economic development and easy access to food have led to an increase in the number of overweight Swedes. Environmental concerns have led to growing interest in using local and seasonal food. Professional chefs and home cooks are trying to make small changes to the recipes from older generations. (经济发展和食物获取的便利性导致了瑞典超重人口的增加。环境问题促使人们重新关注使用当地和应季的食材。专业厨师和家庭厨师都在尝试对老一辈的食谱做出小改动)”和“to collect what is available in nature to cook with and preserve at both high-end restaurants and homes (收集自然界中可用的食材，在高端餐厅和家中烹饪和保存)”可知，环境问题导致人们对使用当地和应季食物的兴趣日益增长，在高档餐厅和家里收集自然界中可用的东西来烹饪和保存是很常见的。由此可知，prevalent意思是“常见的”，与Common“常见的”意思相符。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁大连·期末） When adult humans meet a baby, many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音), sing-song voice. This change, known as parentese, is not unique to humans — it has also been watched in animals like monkeys and gorillas. Now, scientists are adding one more species to that list: bottle-nosed dolphins. Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups. They communicate in a unique way: every individual produces its own unique sound that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But how does each come up with its unique sound? For babies, it might have something to do with listening to Mum. To solve this mystery, researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make. Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottle-nosed dolphins. When the mother dolphins were near their young, they continued to make their unique sound, but at a higher frequency. They also used a wider range of frequencies (频率) than they did when their babies were not nearby. This discovery suggests that using these changes mother dolphins help their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves. Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own, it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate. At the very least, the higher-pitched sound is likely to get the babies’ attention. “It’s important for a baby to know, ‘Oh, Mum’s talking to me now’” says marine biologist June Mann. This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans. “It is absolutely necessary to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate,” says Mann. “I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others, which is what happens in humans.” 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1 in the text? A．To give examples. B．To lead to the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To show an explanation. 2．How old is a bottle-nosed dolphin when it has its own unique sound? A．One year old. B．Two years old. C．Three years old. D．Four years old. 3．How does each dolphin come up with its unique sound? A．By learning from their mums. B．By drawing their mums’ attention. C．By using a wider range of frequencies. D．By watching the behavior of other dolphins. 4．How does Mann feel about the research on the communication among dolphins? A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Fascinated. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话，介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“When adult humans meet a baby, many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched, sing-song voice. This change, known as parentese, is not unique to humans—it has also been watched in animals like monkeys and gorillas. Now, scientists are adding one more species to that list: bottle-nosed dolphins.(当成年人遇到婴儿时，许多人会忍不住用高亢的歌声说话。这种被称为“父母性”的变化并不是人类独有的，猴子和大猩猩等动物也会出现这种变化。现在，科学家们又增加了一个物种：瓶鼻海豚。)”和第二段的“Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups. They communicate in a unique way: every individual produces its own unique sound that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But how does each come up with its unique sound? For babies, it might have something to do with listening to Mum. To solve this mystery, researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make.(海豚是群居狩猎的聪明动物。它们以一种独特的方式交流：每个个体都会发出自己独特的声音，就像身份证一样，通常是在一岁生日的时候。但它们是如何发出独特的声音的呢？对于婴儿来说，这可能与听妈妈的话有关。为了解开这个谜团，研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。)”可知，第一段是通过人类的行为过渡到动物上，从而引出下文关于海豚声音的话题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“every individual produces its own unique sound that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday.(每个个体都会发出自己独特的声音，就像身份证一样，通常是在一岁生日的时候)”可知，当瓶鼻海豚一岁时有了自己独特的声音。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottle-nosed dolphins. When the mother dolphins were near their young, they continued to make their unique sound, but at a higher frequency. They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby.(科学家们研究了19只雌性瓶鼻海豚34年来的声音记录。当海豚妈妈靠近它们的孩子时，它们继续发出独特的声音，但频率更高。与婴儿不在身边时相比，她们使用的频率范围更广。)”和第四段的“This discovery suggests that using these changes mother dolphins help their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.(这一发现表明，海豚妈妈利用这些变化帮助它们的孩子学习如何自己发出这些叫声。)”可知，海豚是通过向妈妈学习发出独特的声音的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others, which is what happens in humans.(我真的很想知道海豚在与其他动物的婴儿互动时是否也会改变它们的声音，这在人类身上也会发生。”)”可知，曼恩对海豚之间的交流研究很是着迷。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·吉林·期末） Drones (无人机) are increasingly flying in our skies, capturing images, managing crops and soon, delivering packages. But how do birds view this event? With strict animal ethics approval, we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay. We found many species were not disturbed, provided the drone was small and flew above 60 meters. The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬), which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m. But when eastern curlews took flight, other nearby species were often frightened, creating a domino effect that eventually caused the whole flock to take flight. Drone disturbance can interrupt birds as they rest or feed. It can even cause them to avoid some locations altogether. If the birds are consistently interrupted or scared away from their preferred habitats, they may find it difficult to eat and rest enough to survive and reproduce. This is particularly concerning for species such as eastern curlews, which migrate thousands of kilometers to breed. We studied a diverse group of birds typically found along coastlines, known as shorebirds. Heartbreakingly, their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting. The last few decades have been not optimistic for the eastern curlew, which is the world’s largest migratory shorebird. Research in 2011 indicated a population decline of 80% over three generations. While drones are unlikely to have played a major role in shorebird decline so far, our results, combined with the increasing presence of drones along our coastline, indicate they could become yet another source of disturbance for these birds, many of which are already endangered. Drones can be beneficial in many ways, but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimize potential harm. In some locations, such as some Australian national parks, drone use is already forbidden or restricted. But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations. 1．What’s the problem with eastern curlews? A．Their habitats are being damaged. B．They are being hunted. C．Their safety is being threatened. D．They are being disturbed. 2．What do we learn about eastern curlews? A．They are able to fly above 120 meters. B．They are sensitive to their surroundings C．They are unable to find a place to eat and rest. D．They adapt to the environment quickly. 3．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．increased rapidly. B．recovered slowly. C．decreased wildly. D．changed gradually. 4．What’s the author’s final conclusion about drones? A．Their use should obey certain regulations. B．They should be forbidden in all places. C．They cause no damage to eastern curlews. D．They benefit eastern curlews in a variety of ways. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机越来越多地飞行在天空中，这些无人机的出现会对海边的鸟类产生影响，因此相关管理部门应采取相应措施监管无人机的使用。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬), which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m.(唯一例外的是极度濒危的东部杓鹬，它们惊慌失措地飞走了——即使一架小型无人机以法定最高飞行高度120米)”可知，东部杓鹬的问题是它们经常被打扰而受到惊吓，从而飞离原来的栖息地，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“With strict animal ethics approval, we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay. We found many species were not disturbed, provided the drone was small and flew above 60 meters.(在严格的动物伦理审批下，我们用无人机飞向昆士兰州莫顿湾的鸟群。我们发现，只要无人机体型较小且飞行高度超过 60 米，许多物种就不会受到干扰)”和第三段中“The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬), which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m.(唯一例外的是极度濒危的东部杓鹬，它们惊慌失措地飞走了——即使一架小型无人机以法定最高飞行高度 120 米)”可知，如果无人机飞行在60米以上，大部分鸟类不会受到无人机的干扰，但是东部杓鹬是个例外，即使一架小型无人机以法定最高飞行高度120米，它们也会受到惊吓。由此推知，东部杓鹬对周围环境很敏感。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Heartbreakingly, their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting.(令人心碎的是，由于它们不断面临着栖息地破坏、 海平面上升、干扰和狩猎等问题，全球种群数量 plummeted)”可知，东部杓鹬一直面临栖息地被破坏、海平面上升、干扰和狩猎等问题。由此推知，它们的数量应该是一直在减少，划线单词意为“减少”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Drones can be beneficial in many ways, but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimize potential harm. In some locations, such as some Australian national parks, drone use is already forbidden or restricted. But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations.(无人机在许多方面都有好处，但我们必须确定何时以及如何使用无人机，以尽量减少潜在危害。在某些地方，例如澳大利亚的一些国家公园，无人机的使用已被禁止或限制。但管理人员需要了解无人机如何影响野生动物，以便制定这些法规)”可推知，作者对无人机的最终结论是它们应该在某些规定下使用。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $