专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·黑龙江龙东地区·期末） In the USA, growing senior citizens are adopting technology, but most need help using new electronic devices such as smart phones. That puts seniors at risk for social isolation (孤立), which may lead to poor health and even earlier death. It is also associated with nearly $7 billion in additional annual spending by Medicare. That’s where a startup company named Teeniors comes in, making matching tech-savvy (精通技术的) young people with seniors its mission. Teeniors coaches them on using smartphones, computers and tablets. Founder Trish Lopez got the idea in 2015 after realizing what troubled her aging mother. “She’ d lose a password, she’d lose a document and then she didn’t know some simple commands,” Lopez said. Patience and listening are some of the fundamental skills young people learn as Teeniors, and the program has served more than 3,000 seniors in New Mexico. The mission, Lopez said, is to empower senior citizens. Dorcey, a retired teacher from Lesotho, Africa, when her husband died suddenly, was left alone, too ashamed to admit she didn’t know how to answer her new phone. She tried to get help at stores, but clerks didn’t understand why she was confused. “They said ‘Oh, a child’ — I hate that phrase — ‘a child could do this’,” Dorcey said. Dorcey found a Teenior instead, who helped her download WhatsApp. Now she talks to family and friends regularly in Africa and Europe for free. Tess Reynolds, 17, is the Teenior who helped Dorcey, saying she can relate to seniors who may need more time to learn because she has a learning disability and people used to push her to finish her schoolwork more quickly. “So I know how it feels to be rushed,” Reynolds said. “I  want to make sure that doesn’t happen.” The experience of working for Teeniors has also convinced Reynolds that she wants to become a senior home health assistant. Trish Lopez never anticipated how Teeniors would affect the young people she employs. It’s not just teaching them tech skills, but also soft skills employers need such as emotional intelligence, problem-solving and communication. Their feedback has surprised her. 1．What is a problem American senior citizens face now in their life? A．They fall behind in using technology. B．They suffer greatly from poor health. C．They rely heavily on electronic devices. D．They pay high price for medical care. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The history of the Teeniors company. B．An introduction to Lopez’s enterprise. C．Reasons for helping the aging mother. D．Benefits of learning fundamental skills. 3．What can we learn from the example of Dorcey? A．Seniors’ independence has been weakened. B．Seniors should be accompanied by young people. C．Helping seniors to bridge digital divide is truly needed. D．Seniors shouldn’t be discriminated by younger generations. 4．Which of the following best describes Trish Lopez’s effort? A．Unrealistic. B．Conservative. C．Short-lived. D．Far-reaching. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁锦州·期末） In the future, we may be doing a job that doesn’t even exist yet now. The requirements, levels and styles of all kinds of work are being updated very fast, which means we need to understand how we can make ourselves qualified for future roles that may appear. There’s no way to tell exactly what skills will be needed, and which ones will become unnecessary. However, based on current observations and patterns of how artificial intelligence (AI) and robots work, we have some basic ideas about how we can prepare for the future. According to a report, human cognitive (认知的) and interpersonal skills will be very important requirements in future workplaces, even with the rise of AI. One thing we need to understand is that it is humans that will manage and control machines. Future workers will need new skills to work with machines. The most important strengths that humans will need to develop is the ability to be a lifelong learner. Lifelong learning enables an individual to learn anywhere and anytime. Lifelong learning isn’t just about digital or AI skill. It’s about having a mindset that allows the brain to be open and receptive at any given time and place. The style of work changes over time, so do styles of learning. Different people learn in different ways. Traditional classroom or online platforms might not be the most useful approaches in the future. Since information is everywhere, it takes an open mindset to be always ready to effectively absorb, evaluate (评价) and make sense of the information that is so easily accessible wherever we are. At the same time, adaptability can be a challenge for employees who are used to the traditional way of doing things. However, a lifelong learning mindset can help change this. Moreover, lifelong learning increases employ ability. Amazon says lifelong learning will help its employees use new technologies. And many Amazon employees say it’ll open new opportunities for them to grow and change into new roles. 1．What does the author say about future jobs? A．They might come in unexpected forms. B．They are for people of high intelligence. C．They will be mainly performed by robots. D．They need employees to take on many roles. 2．Which will be the most significant skill in future workplaces? A．Having a different mindset. B．The ability to keep learning. C．Having the knowledge of AI. D．The ability to control machines. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The shortage of digital skills. B．The loss of new opportunities. C．The traditional way of doing things. D．The employee’s lack of adaptability. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．It Is Never Too Late to Learn B．It Is Difficult to Be a Lifelong Learner C．Lifelong Learning Is the Future of Work D．Lifelong Learning Will Help People Create New Jobs 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期末） China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region a new trendy tourist destination among young people, who are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. Adapted from Li Juan’s My Altay, the drama tells the story of Li Wenxiu, who returned to her hometown after career setbacks and found the meaning of life and her love there. The grassland views and free and easy lives showcased in the teleplay soon made Altay one of the top scenic spots. The travel website Qunar said that from May 7, flight ticket bookings to Altay rose 20 percent compared with the same period in the previous month, and hotel bookings doubled during the period on its platform. “The best travel season to Altay is usually from August to October, but its peak season will arrive earlier this year, around June, thanks to the impact of this trendy show,” said Huang Minghu, travel website Tuniu’s director for tour products in Xinjiang. He said that Altay enjoys great advantages in developing tourism, including its breathtaking grassland and lake views, and original and well-preserved villages. The place is also a popular skiing destination in winter. Wei Changren, founder of a tourism-related financial news website, said that Altay has not become famous overnight, but has long been a destination well-known for its natural beauty. However, it hasn’t been very popular because of long travel time and higher costs of accommodation. “It’s not that convenient to reach the place, as many big cities don’t have direct flights to Altay. Travelers may have to take buses or cars for hours after their flight, which is a problem,” he said. “But I believe the development of its tourism enjoys great prospects.” “Altay has different charms in summer and winter, and these distinct seasonal views are attractive to travelers. From my perspective, authorities in Altay can take the hit show as an opportunity and continue developing good tourism and cultural resources to attract travelers,” added Wei. 1．What can we learn about Altay from the first two paragraphs? A．It lacks breathtaking natural beauty. B．It has become a hot tourist attraction. C．It has no impact on the tourism industry. D．It made Li Juan find the meaningful life. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the travel website Qunar? A．To analyze the patterns of tourism in Altay. B．To describe the tourism advantages of Altay. C．To prove the impact of TV show on tourism of Altay. D．To discuss the convenience of transportation in Altay. 3．What is the challenge in terms of Altay’s tourism development? A．Lack of beautiful natural scenery. B．Lack of direct flights from big cities. C．The increasing popularity of a teleplay. D．The increasing cost of accommodation. 4．What’s the basis of Altay as a tourism destination? A．Its free and easy lifestyle. B．The teleplay filmed there. C．The well-preserved villages. D．Its breathtaking seasonal views. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·内蒙古·期末） What is news? The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as: “The report or account of recent events.” However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world. Understanding why this happens, and knowing how to discover the problems it causes, helps to lessen its influence. It’s important to remember that many news organizations aren’t just a public information service. Most need to attract readers, viewers, or listeners in a competitive market. So the stories they choose to cover are those that attract the largest audience. So why do stories of suffering and sadness draw the biggest crowds? According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive. The difference between then and now is that the threats our ancestors dealt with were local, life-threatening and short-lived. Today’s news is seldom immediately life-threatening, but it can excite the same processes, as the mind and body prepare for action. This can lead to feelings of powerlessness and anxiety as people deal with information about dangers. Feeling pressure to keep up to date can lead to a high intake of negative news, which would influence well-being. Recent reports showed that around 63 percent of 12 to 18-year-olds in the US say that news makes them often or sometimes feel sad or upset. Feeling upset when bad things happen is a healthy, human response. If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion(同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference. 1．What is the worry expressed in the text about news reporting? A．It meets the challenges of social media. B．It is losing popularity among young people. C．It often presents a negative view of the world. D．It is under the influence of leading news organizations. 2．Why is bad news attractive according to the 2022 research? A．It excites people’s curiosity. B．It reflects the reality of daily life. C．It creates a natural response in our brains. D．It is often carefully chosen through market research. 3．What is the author’s suggestion? A．Doing more reading. B．Going easy on yourself. C．Thinking before you believe. D．Showing compassion to others. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．News Blues B．Bad News is Good News C．News That Changes D．Then or Now: News is the Answer Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期末） We often get into arguments with others and probably think we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. According to a recent psychology study, people tend to assume they have all of the information that they need to make decisions - even if they don’t. This is called the Illusion of Information Adequacy, as described in a PLOS ONE journal article on October 9th. In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. They found that the majority from Group One and Group Two still believed that they had enough information to make a good decision about what to do. Most said that they would follow the advice in the article they read. Those from Group One were significantly more likely to recommend the schools cooperate, while readers from Group Two were significantly more likely to recommend that the schools remain separate. About 55 percent of the control group recommend the schools cooperate. The participants who had half the information also said that they thought most people would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief that we are correct - even when we don’t have all of the information - the Illusion of Information Adequacy. Fletcher describes it as “The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.” In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. At first, they shared arguments and reasoned together. Eventually, these arguments and reasoning resulted in them saying “That sounds right.” According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, “Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?” This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. 1．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The content of the article. B．The design of the survey. C．The cause of the research. D．The reactions of participants. 2．What does the Illusion of Information Adequacy lead to? A．Making decisions quickly. B．Feeling much too confident. C．Knowing enough information. D．Always agreeing with others. 3．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The research result. B．The number of participants. C．The size of the groups. D．The process of changing minds. 4．What does Fletcher suggest to reduce conflict? A．Agreeing with others’ ideas. B．Focusing on new information. C．Ignoring deeply-held beliefs. D．Stopping to consider other views. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·辽宁内蒙古包头·期末） What will be connected to the Internet of Things? You. Your child. Your car, clothes, and house. The cook, the bread, the honey, the bees, and more. That’s why some people call it the “Internet of Everything”. By the year 2040, anything and everything that can be tagged with a wireless identifier will probably have one or more. By that time, these tiny, wireless electronic devices could do a lot more than just identify an object. They could relay data on size, shape, and location or receive instructions on what to do next. These devices might be powered by light, motion, radio waves, or some other means. But they will not need to be plugged in or have batteries. Bigger devices in some cases control the smaller ones. Access to all those things in your reach will be through your phone or your virtual personal assistant. The Internet of Things is already a thing. Right now it is in its early stages. In the future, when wireless tracking devices become cheap enough to spread, it will be a game-changer. Some industries are developing it because it gives them what they want most, including information about you, where you go, and what you do. However, the Internet of Things could hit some bumps along the way. Tagging and tracking billions of things is a large and costly project. Technical issues for the wireless tagging of objects include size, durability, increasing transmission distance, and finding its precise location. Besides, privacy could be an issue. Who will be watching? Who will have access to your information? How will they use it? Other concerns are terrorism, inequality, identity, theft, and encroachment (侵入) on personal space. To summarise, the Internet of Things is the connection of everything that can be connected. It’s growing and it brings great promise and possible danger. 1．What can we know about wireless electronic devices in the future? A．They are used mainly to identify an object. B．They need to be charged before being used. C．They all receive instructions from bigger devices. D．They can be accessed through virtual facilities. 2．Which aspect of the Internet of Things does Paragraph 4 mainly focus on? A．The failure it could cause. B．The attention it could draw. C．The trouble it could encounter. D．The advantages it could have. 3．What can we learn about the future of the Internet of Things from the passage? A．It will be cheaper but less secure. B．It will be spread widely by industries. C．It will help people solve technical issues. D．It can be a game-changer as well as a threat to privacy. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the Internet of Things? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Confused. D．Optimistic. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末） According to a new research, flowers are listening. Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent. Also, flowers can remove the wind noise coming from the background. These capabilities can give plant advantages for their spreading pollen (花粉). The researchers showed that plants can rapidly respond to the sound of passing bees. Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees. Sure enough, both the field recording of buzzing bees and the low-frequency sounds that closely matched the recording were enough to change the mix of the nectar in just three minutes. The silence and the high and mid frequency sounds had no effect. The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears. The more sweet nectar comes out, the more will be the chances for pollen to be spread and also makes it more likely that the insects will return to flowers of the same species in the future. However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production. 1．How can plants attract bees according to the text? A．By producing more nectar. B．By increasing the sugar in their nectar. C．By spreading more pollen for the bees. D．By removing the wind noise coming from the background. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How researchers made the discovery. B．Why researchers did the experiments. C．What use can be made of the discovery. D．What the importance of the discovery is. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．High sound increases sugar in the nectar. B．Flowers have no effect on nectar production. C．More research is needed to fully understand the process. D．The wind noise makes it easier for plants to spread pollen. 4．Where is the text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A science fiction. C．A textbook. D．A newspaper. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Simply put: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to dynamic, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables, including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the similarity in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 1．How did the researchers judge the relationship between two people? A．By asking them to complete a questionnaire. B．By observing their interactions on formal occasions. C．By analyzing their brains’ reaction to videos. D．By comparing their assessment of the same visual material. 2．What can we know about the study mentioned in the text? A．It has yet to win recognition from the academic world. B．It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. C．It proved people could make new friends easily by watching videos. D．It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The conclusion of the study. B．The process of the study. C．The working principle of an fMRI. D．The challenges of the researchers. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．A Study Revealing Social Ties Through Neural Responses B．Neural Activity Patterns in Response to Videos C．Predicting Social Ties Based on the Similarities of Nerves D．A Study on the Connections Between Friends 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁大连·期末） With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), it does much for people. But can you imagine the UK government is considering the use of AI in the justice system? Supporters claim it can simplify legal tasks, cut down mistakes, and speed up cases. They suggest AI should help analyze documents, forecast case results using past data, and even assist in drafting legal papers, easing lawyers’ workload. Youmna Hashem from the Alan Turing Institute and her team have said that 84% of the UK’s one billion yearly-interactions between citizens and the government could be done by AI. However, Vinija Jain and his team evaluated how AI judges ethically (伦理上) ambiguous actions, like stealing food due to hunger. Unlike humans, these AI systems lack understanding and sympathy, often finding people guilty in such cases, which could have negative effects on legal situations. Jain remarks that a human judge can announce “This is wrong, but given the current situation, it is forgivable.” But it is not something we can realistically envision for an AI judge. To address these concerns, the government is exploring an approach that AI supports rather than replacing human judgment. This would involve tight testing of AI systems before they are applied to legal practices or in courtrooms. Additionally, there is a push for being continuously monitored by legal experts to ensure that AI recommendations are sound and ethically correspond with the principles of justice. The debate over AI in the justice system is ongoing, with both sides presenting heated arguments. While the potential benefits of increasing efficiency and consistency are undeniable, the importance of preserving the human element in legal decision-making still cannot be ignored. As the UK government moves forward with its considerations, it will be crucial to strike a balance that takes advantage of the strengths of AI while safeguarding the fairness of the justice system. 1．What is a significant worry about AI in the justice system? A．AI is not open-minded. B．AI is not logical. C．AI is not tender-hearted. D．AI is not intelligent. 2．What does the underlined word “envision” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Participate. B．Expect. C．Analyse. D．Approach. 3．What does the government tend to do regarding the concerns about AI? A．To use AI in the justice system. B．To replace human judgement with AI. C．To employ AI with strict management. D．To protect legal decision-making against AI. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．AI’s Role in Legal Systems B．AI’s Limitations in Crime and Justice C．The Pros and Cons of AI in Justice system D．Automating Government Services with AI Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） Slow motion, a way of displaying action in a manner that appears slower than real-time action, is used in many short videos on social media. A new study shows that slow motion increases the number of likes and views and promotes brand preference, choice and consumer willingness to pay. Although slow motion is used in many videos, there was little scientific evidence on how this technique affects a positive viewing experience. Previous research points to different findings. Radio broadcasts, for example, are enjoyed more when they are played faster. In the new research, subjects were shown GIFs in a slow-motion version and in a normal-speed version. It turned out that slow-motion GIFs were found to be much more enjoyable than the normal fast GIFs. This effect appeared because slow motion is easier for the brain to process. Interestingly, this theory can also explain people’s viewing behavior on an online GIF-sharing platform. In a study that examined several hundred GIFs from a website, the researchers saw that slow-motion GIFs were viewed more often, received more ratings and were generally rated more positively than regular fast GIFs. Marketing researcher Anika Stuppy from Tilburg University states, “We see that the slow-motion technique is especially effective in slowing down movements that are extremely complex and difficult to observe at normal speed.” Videographers themselves can also make a movement complex, and therefore interesting. “For example, a slow-motion video of a cook cutting a steak might be boring, but a close-up of the knife slicing through the meat in slow-motion is pleasing again,” adds Stuppy. However, slow motion is not recommended in some cases, such as a simple dance. Such movements are more boring to watch in slow motion. The research also shows that when slow motion is used for content that is unpleasant, it can make the viewing experience more unpleasant. Finally, the research shows that slow motion creates feelings of safety and familiarity. Therefore, it is not a proper technique when you want to excite the viewer or show a product as “adventurous” or “exciting”. In that case, the researchers recommend fast-motion techniques. 1．What is a notable benefit of slow motion according to the new research? A．Heightening viewing pleasure. B．Inspiring a sense of adventure. C．Developing the viewers’ creativity. D．Aiding in technical problem-solving. 2．Which factor greatly influences the effectiveness of slow motion? A．The platform for sharing the content. B．The quality of the recording equipment. C．The features of the presented movement. D．The viewers’ familiarity with the subject. 3．What does the author advise video creators to do? A．Experiment with advanced fast-motion effects. B．Add pleasant content as much as possible. C．Reduce the repetition of slow motion. D．Apply slow motion to suitable scenes. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．The power of slow motion in video appreciation B．Social media’s role in shaping video preference C．The development of online video platforms D．Public opinions on slow motion usage Passage 3 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.” David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.” Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus adds, “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.” The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. 5．What is the key to the learning of AI according to the text? A．The input of data. B．The categories of machines. C．Computers’ recognition ability. D．Scientists’ consistent research. 6．What is the main point of the fourth paragraph? A．Computers will replace doctors in the future. B．Doctors don’t need any help from machines. C．Machines can assist doctors in decision-making. D．David Agus doesn’t believe in the role of machines in medicine. 7．What is the AI’s advantage over traditional methods in cancer identifying? A．It will cost less money. B．It will become more effective. C．It will relieve patients’ suffering. D．It will correct personal mistakes. 8．Which word can best describe the technology? A．Promising. B．Integrated. C．User-friendly. D．Challenging. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Enjoying a juicy watermelon is one of summer’s greatest pleasures, particularly when you don’t have to avoid any seeds. Indeed, humans have adapted many fruits to be seedless in search of a more pleasant eating experience. The navel orange (a sweet orange that is usually seedless), for example, came about after a random genetic mutation (随机的基因突变) produced a single branch with seedless fruit long ago. Cuttings of the branch were joined to other trees, and today, all of the world’s navel oranges are copies of this original. A similar discovery led to seedless grapes, which are thought to first appear in ancient Rome before making their way to the Americas in the 1870s. Scientists have a few guesses about why plants might have developed these abilities and they tried out the combinations in experiments. For one, plants can hybridize more easily than some kinds of animals, and hybridization unlocks the new potential. Even if some combinations don’t pan out, researchers have recorded examples of “hybrid advantage”, in which a hybrid is fitter than either of its parents. Lastly, because the purpose of fruit is to draw animals near to help spread their seeds, the production of fruits without fertilization (受精) may ultimately allow trees to produce more fruit at a lower energetic cost if they don’t need to make seeds, too. Regardless of why seedless fruits exist, they represent an interesting thought experiment, according to Stacey Smith, a plant evolutionary biologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. Many are unable to continue surviving without human involvement, but they’re boosted to grow in the wild for that same reason. There are very few, if any, wild navel oranges, and yet it’s estimated that California will produce 76 million cartons of them this year alone. “My personal take is that all plants under human care have won in some sense, because they don’t have to make more of themselves. We do it for them,” Smith told Live Science. “And we will never stop eating watermelons, and being able to make seedless ones just means we eat more watermelons.” 1．What is the similarity between the orange and grape mentioned in the text? A．Being native to ancient Rome. B．Being seedless due to genetic change. C．Being grown from seeds rather than cuttings. D．Being joined to other plants for a sweeter taste. 2．What does the underlined phrase “pan out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Die out. B．Fall through. C．Come apart. D．Work out. 3．Why is the existence of seedless fruits considered a thought experiment? A．It contributes to the balance of nature. B．People still have doubts regarding seedless fruits. C．It inspires thinking on natural selection and human activity. D．Seedless fruits have a high demand but limited production. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Hybridization: The Key to Seedless Fruits’ Success B．Seedless Fruits: A Human-Aided Evolutionary Wonder C．The Journey of Seedless Fruits: From Mutation to Market D．Genetic Mutations: The Only Way to Create Seedless Fruits Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） For a long time, dogs have played an important role in the aftermath of disasters, using their ability to aid in search-and-rescue missions. Apopo, a global nonprofit, is developing a program that trains African giant pouched rats (巨型鼠) to find people in disaster zones. These little rats, born with great curiosity to explore and search, can fit into tiny spaces, reach deep into rubble (瓦砾), and are quicker than dogs. The rats are often trained in areas built with challenges and loud noises, which they may face at disaster sites. Regularly changing the training grounds is also important so the rats don’t learn to operate through memory. Additionally, they are taught to remain focused and not to pay attention to any nice smells they may find in the rubble. During training, the rats wear light backpacks with cameras to offer rescuers video recordings. The equipment also features a system that allows for the colloquy. “We can’t teach the rats to talk, so we need someway to exchange messages with any survivors in the rubble,” said Sander Verdiesen, an electrical engineer. Though the project is still in development and the rats are not yet active in disaster zones, they have been saving people’s lives in other ways. During a search for landmines (地雷), the rats use their strong sense of smell to systematically search an area the size of a tennis court in 30 minutes, which would take a person clearing landmines up to four days. When the rat discovers a landmine, it digs the ground, letting a team remove it safely. According to Apopo, the rats had contributed to the clearance of over 100 million square meters of land and the removal of 31,739 landmines by the end of 2023. While rats can be trained for many types of jobs, there are ongoing issues of funding and the public’s generally negative view of the species. “We see search-and-rescue dogs as normal. It would be nice for rats to be recognized in the same way. I think we’ll get there. It’s just a matter of when,” said Giangrosso, head of the program. “In the meantime, they’ll continue proving themselves as small but mighty superheroes.” 1．What are the training settings for the rats aimed at? A．Sharpening their memory of past practices. B．Strengthening their teamwork in emergencies. C．Teaching them to recognize harmful materials. D．Improving their performance in tough situations. 2．Which can replace the underlined word “colloquy” in paragraph 3? A．Safety. B．Mistake. C．Communication. D．Recognition. 3．What does the application of rats in landmine removing operations suggest? A．They depend on careful guidance. B．They aid in human efforts effectively. C．They are poor at searching small areas. D．They lose focus quickly during searches. 4．What is Giangrosso’s attitude towards rats’ role in rescue efforts? A．Doubtful. B．Shocked. C．Worried. D．Positive. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁抚顺·期末） Human conversations are rapid-fire affairs, with mere milliseconds, one-thousandth of a second, passing between one person’s speech and their partner’s response. This speedy turn taking is universal across cultures — but now it turns out that chimps (黑猩猩) do it, too. By analyzing thousands of gestures from chimps in East Africa, researchers found that the animals take turns while communicating, and do so as quickly as we do. Researchers sorted out hundreds of hours of footage from a large database of chimp gestural interactions. The researchers studied the footage, describing the movements each chimp made. They found the chimps responded to gestures with another gesture in their interactions. In one case, two chimps exchanged seven gestures in a row: Young male Daudi in Uganda had caught a small antelope, and young female Onyofi was requesting some of the meat. Every time she made a begging gesture, Daudi would respond by moving his arms and stamping his feet-gestures that mean“move away, go away”. This turn taking was rapid and often overlapping, seeming to flow naturally like in human conversations. What’s more, it took chimps an average of just 120 milliseconds to respond to another chimp's gesture with their own, well within the 0-to 200-millisecond range common in human interactions. “The work has important implications for the origins of human communication,” says Stephen Levinson, a linguist. Humans may have got turn-taking behavior from our last common ancestor with other great apes (类人猿). Finding one of those features-turn taking-in our close cousins suggests that even the earliest humans already had this ability. However, some researchers say it’s too early to conclude that humans and chimps both got this ability from our ancestor. “Without looking at other species, we can’t make that claim. We don’t know if this is something special about chimps’ communication, or whether it’s been found there first ‘because we firstly think of chimps when we’re asking evolutionary (进化的) questions’,” an animal communication researcher said. 1．What is the common understanding of the turn taking? A．It refers to all kinds of communicating skills. B．It generally exists among different cultures. C．It is a factor that distinguishes people from animals. D．It can be learned by chimps with people’s guideline. 2．Why does the author mention Daudi and Onyofi? A．To make a contrast. B．To make a comment. C．To explain a rule. D．To clarify a concept. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The scientists will do more research. B．More chimps will be sent to be studied. C．The researchers’ conclusion is fully recognized. D．The study of evolution is closely related to chimps. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Chimps study to take turn from humans B．Chimps take turns while chatting just like humans C．Chimps use their own words to chat with their partners D．Chimps get the ability of taking turn from our ancestors Passage 4 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末） Growing up in Sweden, local and seasonal food was a given. Availability of food was lacking, so reducing limited food waste was important. My grandmother was amazing, creating delicious and healthy meals from seasonal ingredients while making sure of little food waste. She used remaining oatmeal from breakfast to bake bread. She made yesterday’s cooked potatoes into potato pies. The climate and environment had a great effect on many regional Swedish dishes and local variations of national dishes. Mixing influences of other cooking styles while expressing the simplicity of Swedish food has helped Swedish cuisine develop. Vikings, soldiers in the Middle Ages and New World explorers all brought back different food and influences. Immigration from countries including Poland, Turkey and Syria has been key to the development of traditional Swedish dishes. Due to Sweden’s geographic location, the climate can be terrible, particularly in North where long periods of cold temperatures, especially at night, make farming a challenge. Root vegetables are suitable to grow. Potatoes started to become a main food for every family in the 1800s and remain so today. Sweden’s long coastline along with more than 90,000 lakes and many rivers provide a richness of seafood. Historically, fish is served on Tuesdays and Thursdays. This custom dates back to the Middle Ages when fasting (斋戒) was marked on Wednesdays and Fridays. For that reason, Tuesdays and Thursdays were days for a big meal. This food tradition remains today, even though fasting ended in the 1500s. Economic development and easy access to food have led to an increase in the number of overweight Swedes. Environmental concerns have led to growing interest in using local and seasonal food. Professional chefs and home cooks are trying to make small changes to the recipes from older generations. For example, it is prevalent to collect what is available in nature to cook with and preserve at both high-end restaurants and homes. Time will tell if these changes will have a health effect on the population. 1．Why was grandmother mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To praise grandmother for her excellent cooking skills. B．To illustrate grandmother had a good habit of not wasting. C．To express the writer’s love and memories about grandmother. D．To show local and seasonal food was in short supply in Sweden. 2．Which of the following can best describe the characters of Swedish food? A．Simple and mixed. B．Delicious but salty. C．Diverse but fatty. D．Plentiful and changing. 3．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Unusual. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Necessary. 4．What is the purpose of the author in writing the text? A．To encourage readers to taste Swedish food. B．To inspire people to concern food and climate. C．To introduce the development of Swedish food. D．To call on people not to waste food like Swedes. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·吉林·期末） How did the ant steal the lion’s dinner? This isn’t the beginning of one of Aesop’s Fables. It’s the finding of a new study about ants and lions. The whistling-thorn tree is a common sight on the plains of the east African grassland. Each tree is home to native acacia ants, which shelter inside the spines and drink juice from the tree. In return, when an elephant tries to eat the tree, ants climb up inside its nose and bite from the inside out. This has allowed the trees and the ants to grow well. The big-headed ants arrived in this area between 2002 and 2005. They kill local acacia ants wherever they find them, robbing local whistling-thorn trees of their brave defenders against hungry elephants. Without ants to bite them, the elephants tear up the thorn trees, opening up the grassland, which makes it harder for lions to catch their preferred zebra meals. In the new study, wildlife ecologist Jake Goheen and his colleagues could have used drones or satellite images to study tree cover, but “we don’t have that kind of money,” Goheen says. Instead, the researchers tracked their collared lions, and then got down on hands and knees near the lions’ recent kills, using a range finder to measure the openness of the area. Areas with big-headed ants, the team showed, had 2.67 times higher visibility than areas without — meaning that lions could see farther, but so could their prey. Over the three years of the study, zebra dinners decreased from 67 percent to 42 percent of lion kills. But the lions didn’t go hungry. Instead, they went for beef. Buffalo kills increased from zero to 42 percent of kills over the study period. “It’s a risky diet,” Goheen says. “Buffalo are big and feisty, and lions hunting buffalo are more likely to be injured.” “The study shows that the disruption (干扰) can have serious effects on other species in the community,” says Goheen. “Those effects can be unexpected and indirect. Changes could also have an impact on food webs in other ecosystems.” 1．What is the relationship between acacia ants and whistling-thorn trees like? A．Independent. B．Inharmonious. C．Competitive. D．Win-win. 2．What do we know about the study in paragraph 4? A．It is worthy but indirect. B．It is specific but unreliable. C．It is demanding but economical. D．It is expensive but effective. 3．What does the underlined word “feisty” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Stable. B．Wild. C．Exceptional. D．Inactive. 4．What phenomenon does Goheen describe in the last paragraph? A．The butterfly effect. B．The greenhouse effect. C．The bystander effect. D．The observer effect. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁省名校联盟·期末） A famous travel writer, Pico Iyer, recently wrote of his experience in the deep south of the world. The visit, he said, “awakens you to the environmental concerns of the world, and you go home with important questions for your conscience as well as brilliant memories”. Iyer isn’t alone. This response is widespread, known in the industry as Antarctic ambassadorship. In Antarctica, crowding, environmental impact and emissions are the most pressing issues. While 100,000 tourists a year is tiny by global tourism standards, visits are concentrated in highly sensitive ecological areas for a few months per year. There are no residents to disturb (other than local wildlife), because there’s no host community to protest if visitor numbers get too high. Even so, strong protections are in place. According to the Antarctic Treaty System — the set of international agreements signed by countries with an Antarctic presence or an interest — tourism operators based in those nations have to apply for permits and follow strict environmental regulations. For instance, to avoid introducing new species, tourists have to follow rules such as disinfecting (消毒) their boots and vacuuming their pockets before setting foot on the ice, and keeping a set distance from wildlife. Almost all Antarctic cruise ship owners belong to the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, the main body that manages Antarctic tourism. For the first time this year, operators have to report their overall fuel consumption as part of IAATO’s efforts to make the industry more climate-friendly. Some operators are now using hybrid ships that can run partly on electric drive for short periods, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. If you’re one of the tourists going to Antarctica this summer, enjoy the experience — but go with care. Be aware that no trip south comes without environmental cost and use this knowledge to make clear-eyed decisions about your activities both in Antarctica and once you’re safely back home. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To introduce the famous writer Pico Iyer. B．To show how amazing to be Antarctic Ambassador. C．To arouse public interest in Antarctic tourism. D．To show concerns for Antarctic environment. 2．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “vacuuming” in paragraph 4? A．Protecting. B．Emptying. C．Polluting. D．Filling. 3．What can we learn about the operator this year? A．They needn’t report overall fuel assumption. B．They made no effort to be climate-friendly. C．Hybrid ships are a good choice to reduce CO₂. D．Polar travel can be stopped right away by the company. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Antarctic tourism? A．Positive. B．Skeptical. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江·期末） Tardigrades (水熊虫), with nicknames like “water bear”, may be the toughest animals on Earth. They have evolved to live almost anywhere and survive almost anything. Some tardigrades can escape conditions that would kill most living beings, including extremes far beyond anything found on Earth. Tardigrades have been around for at least 500 million years or so, possibly sharing a common ancestor with arthropods (节肢动物). Over 1,000 species are known today, including marine, fresh water and terrestrial tardigrades. Tardigrades are near the edge of visibility for most human eyes. A typical tardigrade is about 0.5mm long, and even the largest ones are less than 2 mm in length. Perhaps the most famous thing about tardigrades is their strange and mysterious durability. Tardigrades are not immortal, but they have a powerful adaptation that allows them to survive for decades in extreme conditions. To endure environmental stress, tardigrades suspend their metabolism (新陈代谢) through a process called cryptobiosis. They curl up and enter a death-like state known as a tun. Their metabolism slows to 0.01% of normal, and their water content drops to less than 1%. They survive in this state by replacing the water in their cells with a protective sugar called trehalose (海藻糖), which preserves all the cellular machinery until water is available again. Some tardigrades in a tun can handle pressure as high as 600 megapascals(MPa). That’s nearly 6,000 atmospheres, or 6,000 times the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level, and it’s about six times higher than the pressure found in the planet’s deepest ocean trenches. Even half as much pressure, 300 MPa, would kill most multicellular life and bacteria. Two tardigrade species flew into low-Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission in 2007, becoming the first animals known to survive direct exposure to space. The 12-day mission proved that exposure to the vacuum (真空) was no problem for them, and the lack of gravity had little effect, either. Some tardigrades even laid eggs during the mission. Research has shown tardigrades can survive roughly 1,000 times more radiation than a human. Chinese scientists have decoded the key mechanisms that make tardigrades radiation-resistant, which could shed light on how to make human beings stronger against radiation and how to increase the stress tolerance of human cells in the future, according to a study published in the journal Science in October 2024. 1．How does the author introduce the features of tardigrades in Paragraph 2? A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By showing examples. D．By listing figures. 2．Why can tardigrades possibly survive in extreme conditions according to this passage? A．Because they are immortal. B．Because they can change extreme conditions. C．Because they slow down their metabolism. D．Because they can regain life from death for many times. 3．When tardigrades face pressure or space, what is a possible condition? A．They can’t handle pressure more than 500 Mpa. B．They will be killed by the pressure about 300 Mpa. C．They can only survive indirect exposure to space. D．They are almost not affected by the lack of gravity. 4．What is the importance of the study of Chinese scientists? A．Their findings can be applied to help human beings. B．They focuses on the reproduction of tardigrades C．Their study can promote to study the dietary habits of tardigrades. D．They proved tardigrades radiant-resistant. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·黑龙江龙东地区·期末） In the USA, growing senior citizens are adopting technology, but most need help using new electronic devices such as smart phones. That puts seniors at risk for social isolation (孤立), which may lead to poor health and even earlier death. It is also associated with nearly $7 billion in additional annual spending by Medicare. That’s where a startup company named Teeniors comes in, making matching tech-savvy (精通技术的) young people with seniors its mission. Teeniors coaches them on using smartphones, computers and tablets. Founder Trish Lopez got the idea in 2015 after realizing what troubled her aging mother. “She’ d lose a password, she’d lose a document and then she didn’t know some simple commands,” Lopez said. Patience and listening are some of the fundamental skills young people learn as Teeniors, and the program has served more than 3,000 seniors in New Mexico. The mission, Lopez said, is to empower senior citizens. Dorcey, a retired teacher from Lesotho, Africa, when her husband died suddenly, was left alone, too ashamed to admit she didn’t know how to answer her new phone. She tried to get help at stores, but clerks didn’t understand why she was confused. “They said ‘Oh, a child’ — I hate that phrase — ‘a child could do this’,” Dorcey said. Dorcey found a Teenior instead, who helped her download WhatsApp. Now she talks to family and friends regularly in Africa and Europe for free. Tess Reynolds, 17, is the Teenior who helped Dorcey, saying she can relate to seniors who may need more time to learn because she has a learning disability and people used to push her to finish her schoolwork more quickly. “So I know how it feels to be rushed,” Reynolds said. “I  want to make sure that doesn’t happen.” The experience of working for Teeniors has also convinced Reynolds that she wants to become a senior home health assistant. Trish Lopez never anticipated how Teeniors would affect the young people she employs. It’s not just teaching them tech skills, but also soft skills employers need such as emotional intelligence, problem-solving and communication. Their feedback has surprised her. 1．What is a problem American senior citizens face now in their life? A．They fall behind in using technology. B．They suffer greatly from poor health. C．They rely heavily on electronic devices. D．They pay high price for medical care. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The history of the Teeniors company. B．An introduction to Lopez’s enterprise. C．Reasons for helping the aging mother. D．Benefits of learning fundamental skills. 3．What can we learn from the example of Dorcey? A．Seniors’ independence has been weakened. B．Seniors should be accompanied by young people. C．Helping seniors to bridge digital divide is truly needed. D．Seniors shouldn’t be discriminated by younger generations. 4．Which of the following best describes Trish Lopez’s effort? A．Unrealistic. B．Conservative. C．Short-lived. D．Far-reaching. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国老年人现在在生活中面临的问题是在使用技术方面落后，于是，一家名为Teeniors的初创公司应运而生，它的使命是为精通科技的年轻人和老年人牵线搭桥。Teeniors教老年人用智能手机、电脑和平板电脑。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the USA, growing senior citizens are adopting technology, but most need help using new electronic devices such as smart phones.(在美国，越来越多的老年人正在采用技术，但大多数人需要帮助使用新的电子设备，如智能手机)”可知，美国老年人现在在生活中面临的问题是在使用技术方面落后了。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Founder Trish Lopez got the idea· in 2015 after realizing what troubled her aging mother. “She’ d lose a password, she’d lose a document and then she didn’t know some simple commands,” Lopez said. Patience and listening are some of the fundamental skills young people learn as Teeniors, and the program has served more than 3,000 seniors in New Mexico. The mission, Lopez said, is to empower senior citizens.(创始人特里什·洛佩兹在意识到她年迈的母亲的困扰后，于2015年产生了这个想法。‘她可能会丢失密码，丢失文件，然后她不知道一些简单的命令，’洛佩兹说。耐心和倾听是年轻人作为Teeniors在青少年时期学习的一些基本技能，这个项目已经为新墨西哥州的3000多名老年人提供了服务。洛佩兹说，这项任务是赋予老年人权力)”可知，第三段的主要内容是对洛佩兹的公司企业的介绍。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Dorcey, a retired teacher from Lesotho, Africa, when her husband died suddenly, was left alone, too ashamed to admit she didn’t know how to answer her new phone. She tried to get help at stores, but clerks didn’t understand why she was confused. “They said ‘Oh, a child’ — I hate that phrase — ‘a child could do this’,” Dorcey said.(多尔西是非洲莱索托的一名退休教师，当她的丈夫突然去世时，她独自一人，羞于承认她不知道如何接听她的新手机。她试图在商店寻求帮助，但店员不理解她为什么困惑。“他们说‘哦，一个孩子’——我讨厌这个说法——‘一个孩子都能做到’，”多西说)”以及第五段“Dorcey found a Teenior instead, who helped her download WhatsApp. Now she talks to family and friends regularly in Africa and Europe for free.(Dorcey找到了一个Teenior，这个人帮助她下载WhatsApp。现在她可以免费和非洲和欧洲的家人和朋友定期联系。) ”可知，在Teenior的帮助下，原来不知道如何接听新手机的多西现在可以免费和非洲和欧洲的家人和朋友定期联系，由此可知，多西的例子告诉我们帮助老年人弥合数字鸿沟是非常必要的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Trish Lopez never anticipated how Teeniors would affect the young people she employs. It’s not just teaching them tech skills, but also soft skills employers need such as emotional intelligence, problem-solving and communication. Their feedback has surprised her.(崔西·洛佩兹从来没有预料到Teeniors会对她雇佣的年轻人产生怎样的影响。这不仅仅是教给他们技术技能，还包括雇主需要的软技能，比如情商、解决问题的能力和沟通能力。他们的反馈让她感到惊讶)”可知，Trish Lopez的努力是影响深远的，不仅仅是教给她雇佣的年轻人技术技能，还让他们具有了雇主需要的软技能，比如情商、解决问题的能力和沟通能力。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁锦州·期末） In the future, we may be doing a job that doesn’t even exist yet now. The requirements, levels and styles of all kinds of work are being updated very fast, which means we need to understand how we can make ourselves qualified for future roles that may appear. There’s no way to tell exactly what skills will be needed, and which ones will become unnecessary. However, based on current observations and patterns of how artificial intelligence (AI) and robots work, we have some basic ideas about how we can prepare for the future. According to a report, human cognitive (认知的) and interpersonal skills will be very important requirements in future workplaces, even with the rise of AI. One thing we need to understand is that it is humans that will manage and control machines. Future workers will need new skills to work with machines. The most important strengths that humans will need to develop is the ability to be a lifelong learner. Lifelong learning enables an individual to learn anywhere and anytime. Lifelong learning isn’t just about digital or AI skill. It’s about having a mindset that allows the brain to be open and receptive at any given time and place. The style of work changes over time, so do styles of learning. Different people learn in different ways. Traditional classroom or online platforms might not be the most useful approaches in the future. Since information is everywhere, it takes an open mindset to be always ready to effectively absorb, evaluate (评价) and make sense of the information that is so easily accessible wherever we are. At the same time, adaptability can be a challenge for employees who are used to the traditional way of doing things. However, a lifelong learning mindset can help change this. Moreover, lifelong learning increases employ ability. Amazon says lifelong learning will help its employees use new technologies. And many Amazon employees say it’ll open new opportunities for them to grow and change into new roles. 1．What does the author say about future jobs? A．They might come in unexpected forms. B．They are for people of high intelligence. C．They will be mainly performed by robots. D．They need employees to take on many roles. 2．Which will be the most significant skill in future workplaces? A．Having a different mindset. B．The ability to keep learning. C．Having the knowledge of AI. D．The ability to control machines. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The shortage of digital skills. B．The loss of new opportunities. C．The traditional way of doing things. D．The employee’s lack of adaptability. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．It Is Never Too Late to Learn B．It Is Difficult to Be a Lifelong Learner C．Lifelong Learning Is the Future of Work D．Lifelong Learning Will Help People Create New Jobs 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了未来工作的形式可能是意想不到的，而人类认知和人际交往能力在未来工作场所非常重要，其中最重要的是终身学习的能力，终身学习有助于员工适应变化并增加就业能力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the future, we may be doing a job that doesn't even exist yet now. (在未来，我们可能会从事现在甚至还不存在的工作。)”可知，作者认为未来的工作可能会以意想不到的形式出现。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The most important strengths that humans will need to develop is the ability to be a lifelong learner. (人类需要培养的最重要的能力是成为终身学习者的能力。)”可知，在未来的工作场所中，最重要的技能是持续学习的能力。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“At the same time, adaptability can be a challenge for employees who are used to the traditional way of doing things. (同时，对于习惯传统做事方式的员工来说，适应能力可能是一个挑战。)”可知上文说的是习惯传统做事方式的员工缺乏适应能力，可推理出this指代的是员工缺乏适应能力这种情况。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the future, we may be doing a job that doesn’t even exist yet now. The requirements, levels and styles of all kinds of work are being updated very fast, which means we need to understand how we can make ourselves qualified for future roles that may appear. (未来，我们可能从事现在还不存在的工作岗位。各种工作的要求、水平和风格都在快速更新，这意味着我们需要明白怎样才能让自己具备未来可能出现的岗位所要求的能力。)”、第三段“The most important strengths that humans will need to develop is the ability to be a lifelong learner. (人类需要培养的最重要的能力是成为终身学习者的能力。)”以及最后一段“At the same time, adaptability can be a challenge for employees who are used to the traditional way of doing things. (同时，对于习惯传统做事方式的员工来说，适应能力可能是一个挑战。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在未来工作中，终身学习能力非常重要，它有助于员工适应变化并增加就业能力等内容。C项“Lifelong Learning Is the Future of Work (终身学习是工作的未来)”表达的含义作为标题最合适。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期末） China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region a new trendy tourist destination among young people, who are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. Adapted from Li Juan’s My Altay, the drama tells the story of Li Wenxiu, who returned to her hometown after career setbacks and found the meaning of life and her love there. The grassland views and free and easy lives showcased in the teleplay soon made Altay one of the top scenic spots. The travel website Qunar said that from May 7, flight ticket bookings to Altay rose 20 percent compared with the same period in the previous month, and hotel bookings doubled during the period on its platform. “The best travel season to Altay is usually from August to October, but its peak season will arrive earlier this year, around June, thanks to the impact of this trendy show,” said Huang Minghu, travel website Tuniu’s director for tour products in Xinjiang. He said that Altay enjoys great advantages in developing tourism, including its breathtaking grassland and lake views, and original and well-preserved villages. The place is also a popular skiing destination in winter. Wei Changren, founder of a tourism-related financial news website, said that Altay has not become famous overnight, but has long been a destination well-known for its natural beauty. However, it hasn’t been very popular because of long travel time and higher costs of accommodation. “It’s not that convenient to reach the place, as many big cities don’t have direct flights to Altay. Travelers may have to take buses or cars for hours after their flight, which is a problem,” he said. “But I believe the development of its tourism enjoys great prospects.” “Altay has different charms in summer and winter, and these distinct seasonal views are attractive to travelers. From my perspective, authorities in Altay can take the hit show as an opportunity and continue developing good tourism and cultural resources to attract travelers,” added Wei. 1．What can we learn about Altay from the first two paragraphs? A．It lacks breathtaking natural beauty. B．It has become a hot tourist attraction. C．It has no impact on the tourism industry. D．It made Li Juan find the meaningful life. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the travel website Qunar? A．To analyze the patterns of tourism in Altay. B．To describe the tourism advantages of Altay. C．To prove the impact of TV show on tourism of Altay. D．To discuss the convenience of transportation in Altay. 3．What is the challenge in terms of Altay’s tourism development? A．Lack of beautiful natural scenery. B．Lack of direct flights from big cities. C．The increasing popularity of a teleplay. D．The increasing cost of accommodation. 4．What’s the basis of Altay as a tourism destination? A．Its free and easy lifestyle. B．The teleplay filmed there. C．The well-preserved villages. D．Its breathtaking seasonal views. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国热门电视剧《我的阿勒泰》让阿勒泰成热门旅游地，介绍其旅游现状、发展优势与挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region a new trendy tourist destination among young people, who are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents.(中国新的热门电视剧《我的阿勒泰》使新疆维吾尔自治区的阿勒泰成为年轻人中新的热门旅游目的地，他们被那里令人惊叹的景色和当地居民简单温馨的生活所吸引。)” 以及第二段“The grassland views and free and easy lives showcased in the teleplay soon made Altay one of the top scenic spots.(电视剧中展示的草原景色和惬意的生活很快使阿勒泰成为顶级景点之一。)”可知，阿勒泰已经成为热门旅游景点。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The travel website Qunar said that from May 7, flight ticket bookings to Altay rose 20 percent compared with the same period in the previous month, and hotel bookings doubled during the period on its platform.(旅游网站去哪儿网表示，从 5 月 7 日起，前往阿勒泰的机票预订量较上月同期增长了 20%，在此期间其平台上的酒店预订量翻了一番。)”可知，作者提及去哪儿网的数据，是为了证明电视剧对阿勒泰旅游业的影响。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“‘It’s not that convenient to reach the place, as many big cities don’t have direct flights to Altay. Travelers may have to take buses or cars for hours after their flight, which is a problem,’ he said.(他说：“到达这个地方不太方便，因为许多大城市没有直飞阿勒泰的航班。旅客下飞机后可能还得乘坐几个小时的公共汽车或汽车，这是个问题。”)”可知，阿勒泰旅游业发展面临的挑战是缺乏来自大城市的直飞航班。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Altay has different charms in summer and winter, and these distinct seasonal views are attractive to travelers.(阿勒泰在夏季和冬季有不同的魅力，这些独特的季节性景色对游客很有吸引力。)”可知，阿勒泰作为旅游目的地的基础是其令人惊叹的季节性景色。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·内蒙古·期末） What is news? The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as: “The report or account of recent events.” However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world. Understanding why this happens, and knowing how to discover the problems it causes, helps to lessen its influence. It’s important to remember that many news organizations aren’t just a public information service. Most need to attract readers, viewers, or listeners in a competitive market. So the stories they choose to cover are those that attract the largest audience. So why do stories of suffering and sadness draw the biggest crowds? According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive. The difference between then and now is that the threats our ancestors dealt with were local, life-threatening and short-lived. Today’s news is seldom immediately life-threatening, but it can excite the same processes, as the mind and body prepare for action. This can lead to feelings of powerlessness and anxiety as people deal with information about dangers. Feeling pressure to keep up to date can lead to a high intake of negative news, which would influence well-being. Recent reports showed that around 63 percent of 12 to 18-year-olds in the US say that news makes them often or sometimes feel sad or upset. Feeling upset when bad things happen is a healthy, human response. If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion(同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference. 1．What is the worry expressed in the text about news reporting? A．It meets the challenges of social media. B．It is losing popularity among young people. C．It often presents a negative view of the world. D．It is under the influence of leading news organizations. 2．Why is bad news attractive according to the 2022 research? A．It excites people’s curiosity. B．It reflects the reality of daily life. C．It creates a natural response in our brains. D．It is often carefully chosen through market research. 3．What is the author’s suggestion? A．Doing more reading. B．Going easy on yourself. C．Thinking before you believe. D．Showing compassion to others. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．News Blues B．Bad News is Good News C．News That Changes D．Then or Now: News is the Answer 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来新闻报道中更多呈现负面新闻的原因以及这种现象对人们情绪的影响，并提出了一些缓解负面影响的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world.(然而，报道的新闻中有很多都是坏消息或负面消息。这既令人沮丧又不现实，创造了对世界情况的失衡代表)”可知，本文对新闻报道的担忧在于它常常呈现对世界的负面看法。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive.(根据2022年的一项研究，负面新闻难以避免有其进化原因。我们的脑袋被编程为关注可能的威胁以帮助避免危险。集中注意力于风险使早期人类得以生存)”可推知，负面新闻吸引人是因为它在我们的大脑中产生了自然的反应。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion (同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference..(如果你对你所读、所见、所闻的任何事情感到难过，记得要善待自己。休息一下没有什么可耻的。不要觉得你必须了解每一个正在发生的痛苦故事，或者必须采取行动来有所改变)”可知，作者建议要善待自己，不必为每一个痛苦的故事感到负担。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了近年来新闻报道中更多呈现负面新闻的原因以及这种现象对人们情绪的影响，并提出了一些缓解负面影响的建议。最合适的标题是“新闻忧虑”，即“News Blues”。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期末） We often get into arguments with others and probably think we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. According to a recent psychology study, people tend to assume they have all of the information that they need to make decisions - even if they don’t. This is called the Illusion of Information Adequacy, as described in a PLOS ONE journal article on October 9th. In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. They found that the majority from Group One and Group Two still believed that they had enough information to make a good decision about what to do. Most said that they would follow the advice in the article they read. Those from Group One were significantly more likely to recommend the schools cooperate, while readers from Group Two were significantly more likely to recommend that the schools remain separate. About 55 percent of the control group recommend the schools cooperate. The participants who had half the information also said that they thought most people would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief that we are correct - even when we don’t have all of the information - the Illusion of Information Adequacy. Fletcher describes it as “The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.” In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. At first, they shared arguments and reasoned together. Eventually, these arguments and reasoning resulted in them saying “That sounds right.” According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, “Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?” This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. 1．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The content of the article. B．The design of the survey. C．The cause of the research. D．The reactions of participants. 2．What does the Illusion of Information Adequacy lead to? A．Making decisions quickly. B．Feeling much too confident. C．Knowing enough information. D．Always agreeing with others. 3．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The research result. B．The number of participants. C．The size of the groups. D．The process of changing minds. 4．What does Fletcher suggest to reduce conflict? A．Agreeing with others’ ideas. B．Focusing on new information. C．Ignoring deeply-held beliefs. D．Stopping to consider other views. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项心理学研究表明人们存在信息充足性错觉，即便信息不全也自信决策。研究通过分组调查证实，还给出减少人际冲突的方法，即思考是否忽略他人观点。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. (在这项研究中，来自俄亥俄州立大学和斯坦福大学的研究人员对 1261 名美国人进行了在线调查。第一组阅读了一篇只给出学校为何应与另一所水源更好的学校合作的文章。第二组阅读了一篇只给出学校应保持独立并寻求其他解决问题办法的文章。第三组是对照组，阅读了上述文章中的所有理由。)”可知，该段主要讲述了调查的设计，包括分组情况以及每组阅读的内容。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fletcher describes it as ‘The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.’ (弗莱彻将其描述为‘我们大脑知道得越少，就越自信地认为自己知道了所需知道的一切，这会导致我们在缺少必要信息时做出过度自信的决策和判断。’)”可知，信息充足性错觉会导致人们过度自信。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. (在对来自第一组和第二组的 100 名读者进行的后续研究中，研究试图了解参与者在听到双方观点后做了什么。)”可知，后续研究关注的是参与者改变想法的过程。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, ‘Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?’ This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. (根据弗莱彻的说法，当与某人意见不一致时，对抗信息充足性错觉的最佳方法之一是停下来问问自己，‘我是否忽略了一些能帮助我更好理解他们观点的东西？’这有助于减少人际冲突。)”可知，弗莱彻建议通过停下来考虑他人观点来减少冲突。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·辽宁内蒙古包头·期末） What will be connected to the Internet of Things? You. Your child. Your car, clothes, and house. The cook, the bread, the honey, the bees, and more. That’s why some people call it the “Internet of Everything”. By the year 2040, anything and everything that can be tagged with a wireless identifier will probably have one or more. By that time, these tiny, wireless electronic devices could do a lot more than just identify an object. They could relay data on size, shape, and location or receive instructions on what to do next. These devices might be powered by light, motion, radio waves, or some other means. But they will not need to be plugged in or have batteries. Bigger devices in some cases control the smaller ones. Access to all those things in your reach will be through your phone or your virtual personal assistant. The Internet of Things is already a thing. Right now it is in its early stages. In the future, when wireless tracking devices become cheap enough to spread, it will be a game-changer. Some industries are developing it because it gives them what they want most, including information about you, where you go, and what you do. However, the Internet of Things could hit some bumps along the way. Tagging and tracking billions of things is a large and costly project. Technical issues for the wireless tagging of objects include size, durability, increasing transmission distance, and finding its precise location. Besides, privacy could be an issue. Who will be watching? Who will have access to your information? How will they use it? Other concerns are terrorism, inequality, identity, theft, and encroachment (侵入) on personal space. To summarise, the Internet of Things is the connection of everything that can be connected. It’s growing and it brings great promise and possible danger. 1．What can we know about wireless electronic devices in the future? A．They are used mainly to identify an object. B．They need to be charged before being used. C．They all receive instructions from bigger devices. D．They can be accessed through virtual facilities. 2．Which aspect of the Internet of Things does Paragraph 4 mainly focus on? A．The failure it could cause. B．The attention it could draw. C．The trouble it could encounter. D．The advantages it could have. 3．What can we learn about the future of the Internet of Things from the passage? A．It will be cheaper but less secure. B．It will be spread widely by industries. C．It will help people solve technical issues. D．It can be a game-changer as well as a threat to privacy. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the Internet of Things? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Confused. D．Optimistic. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了物联网，包括其工作方式、功能、变革的潜力，以及发展中面临的问题，说明这一技术既充满希望也存在危险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Access to all those things in your reach will be through your phone or your virtual personal assistant. (你可以通过手机或虚拟个人助理来访问所有触手可及的这些事物)”可知，未来可以通过虚拟设施访问无线电子设备。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“However, the Internet of Things could hit some bumps along the way. Tagging and tracking billions of things is a large and costly project. (然而，物联网在发展过程中可能会遇到一些阻碍。给数十亿的物品贴上标签并进行追踪是一项规模庞大且成本高昂的工程)”、“Besides, privacy could be an issue. (此外，隐私也可能会成为一个问题)”和“Other concerns are terrorism, inequality, identity, theft, and encroachment (侵入) on personal space. (其他令人担忧的问题还包括恐怖主义、不平等现象、身份盗窃以及对个人空间的侵犯)”可知，本段主要介绍了物联网可能遇到的麻烦，如规模庞大、耗费巨大，还存在技术问题以及隐私问题等。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the future, when wireless tracking devices become cheap enough to spread, it will be a game-changer.(未来，当无线追踪设备变得足够便宜并得以广泛普及之时，它将带来巨大变革)”和第四段中“Besides, privacy could be an issue. Who will be watching? Who will have access to your information? How will they use it? (此外，隐私也可能会成为一个问题。谁会在暗中监视？谁能够获取你的信息？他们会如何使用这些信息)”可知，物联网既可能带来重大变革，也可能对隐私构成威胁。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the future, when wireless tracking devices become cheap enough to spread, it will be a game-changer. (未来，当无线追踪设备变得足够便宜并得以广泛普及之时，它将带来巨大变革)”、第四段中“However, the Internet of Things could hit some bumps along the way. (然而，物联网在发展过程中可能会遇到一些阻碍)”和最后一段中“It’s growing and it brings great promise and possible danger. (它正在发展，既带来了巨大的希望，也存在潜在的危险)”可知，文章既提到了物联网的前景，又指出了它可能带来的问题，如技术问题、隐私问题等。由此推知，作者对物联网的态度是中立的。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末） According to a new research, flowers are listening. Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent. Also, flowers can remove the wind noise coming from the background. These capabilities can give plant advantages for their spreading pollen (花粉). The researchers showed that plants can rapidly respond to the sound of passing bees. Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees. Sure enough, both the field recording of buzzing bees and the low-frequency sounds that closely matched the recording were enough to change the mix of the nectar in just three minutes. The silence and the high and mid frequency sounds had no effect. The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears. The more sweet nectar comes out, the more will be the chances for pollen to be spread and also makes it more likely that the insects will return to flowers of the same species in the future. However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production. 1．How can plants attract bees according to the text? A．By producing more nectar. B．By increasing the sugar in their nectar. C．By spreading more pollen for the bees. D．By removing the wind noise coming from the background. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How researchers made the discovery. B．Why researchers did the experiments. C．What use can be made of the discovery. D．What the importance of the discovery is. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．High sound increases sugar in the nectar. B．Flowers have no effect on nectar production. C．More research is needed to fully understand the process. D．The wind noise makes it easier for plants to spread pollen. 4．Where is the text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A science fiction. C．A textbook. D．A newspaper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了新研究发现植物能听到蜜蜂飞过的声音，并增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂，还阐述了相关实验过程以及仍需进一步研究的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent.(研究人员发现，植物实际上能听到经过的蜜蜂的声音，并产生更甜的花蜜来吸引它们。研究小组发现，在感知到蜜蜂翅膀的声波后的几分钟内，植物花蜜中的糖浓度增加了20%)”可知，植物通过增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂。故选B项。 2．段落大意题。根据第三段“Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees (在实验之前，研究人员假设植物能够接收声波，而许多植物的花呈碗状，这可能是为了更好地捕捉声音，这就是原因之一。在涉及650多朵月见草花的几项实验中，研究人员测量了花蜜的分泌量，以观察其对寂静环境、三种不同频率的声音以及蜜蜂嗡嗡声录音的反应)”以及“The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears(研究小组还用去掉部分花朵的植物进行了实验。结果没有观察到花蜜分泌量的变化，这表明正是花朵起到了耳朵的作用)”可知，本段先是提到研究人员在实验前的假设，然后讲述了对650多株月见草进行实验，测量花蜜产量对不同声音的反应，包括沉默、三种不同频率水平的声音以及蜜蜂嗡嗡声的录音，还提到对摘除部分花朵的植物进行实验的情况。所以这一段主要是关于研究人员是如何发现植物能听到蜜蜂声音这一现象的，即本段主要是在讲述研究人员是如何做出这项发现的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production.(然而，关于声音如何成为生产更甜花蜜的诱因，还需要进行更多的研究)”可知，要完全理解这个过程还需要更多的研究。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent.(研究人员发现，植物实际上能听到经过的蜜蜂的声音，并产生更甜的花蜜来吸引它们。研究小组发现，在感知到蜜蜂翅膀的声波后的几分钟内，植物花蜜中的糖浓度增加了20%)”以及下文内容可知，文章介绍了一项研究发现，植物听到蜜蜂飞行的声音后，会增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂从而达到传播花粉的目的，文章详细阐述了研究的过程、发现以及还有待研究的方面；由此可知，这是科普类文章，结合选项可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸上。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dicks says ‘but’ has an interesting effect on the reader or listener. The words that come before ‘but’ create an expectation. What comes after ‘but’ goes against the expectation. This creates interest between statements and ideas.(Dicks说，‘但是’对读者或听者有一种有趣的影响。出现在‘但是’之前的单词产生了一种期待。跟在‘但是’后面的东西与预期相反。这会在陈述和观点之间产生兴趣)”可知，“但是”可以产生一种事件不会像人们希望的那样发生的情境，故会让句子更有趣。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The simple, three-letter word ‘but’ might not sound or look special, interesting or beautiful. But this little word can be a powerful force in writing and in speaking. It can play an important part in creating colourful, interesting sentences.(简单的三个字母的单词‘但是’听起来或看起来并不特别、有趣或美丽。但是这个小小的单词在写作和口语中都是一种强大的力量。它可以在创造丰富多彩、有趣的句子方面发挥重要作用)”和第二段中“The word ‘but’ has many uses. For today’s report, let’s explore the part ‘but’ plays as a coordinating conjunction (连词).(‘但是’这个词有很多用法。在今天的报道中，让我们来探讨一下‘但是’作为协调连词的作用)”可知， 文章主要是探索简单的BUT如何造就优秀的故事叙述。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Simply put: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to dynamic, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables, including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the similarity in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 1．How did the researchers judge the relationship between two people? A．By asking them to complete a questionnaire. B．By observing their interactions on formal occasions. C．By analyzing their brains’ reaction to videos. D．By comparing their assessment of the same visual material. 2．What can we know about the study mentioned in the text? A．It has yet to win recognition from the academic world. B．It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. C．It proved people could make new friends easily by watching videos. D．It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The conclusion of the study. B．The process of the study. C．The working principle of an fMRI. D．The challenges of the researchers. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．A Study Revealing Social Ties Through Neural Responses B．Neural Activity Patterns in Response to Videos C．Predicting Social Ties Based on the Similarities of Nerves D．A Study on the Connections Between Friends 【答案】1．C 2．D 4．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现朋友之间对现实世界的刺激有相似的神经反应，这些相似性可以用来预测谁是你的朋友。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips.(研究人员发现，他们仅根据两个人对一系列陌生视频片段的大脑活动，就能准确预测出两人关系的亲密程度)”以及第三段中“Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner.(42名学生被要求观看一系列视频，同时他们的神经活动被功能磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描仪记录下来)”可知，研究人员是通过分析他们对视频的大脑反应来判断两个人之间的关系的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. (该研究发表在《自然通讯》杂志上，是同类研究中首次研究现实社会网络中人们神经反应之间的联系)” 可知，这项研究具有原创性，且测验了人们的神经反应。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students.(这项研究分析了280名研究生之间的友谊或社会联系)”和“Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner.(42名学生被要求观看一系列视频，同时他们的神经活动被功能磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描仪记录下来)”可知，本段主要介绍研究对象的选择、实验方法以及数据收集等，即这项研究的过程。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are.(根据达特茅斯学院的一项研究发现，朋友对现实世界的刺激有相似的神经反应，这些相似性可以用来预测谁是你的朋友)”可知，文章点明研究发现可以通过大脑对视频的反应预测两人关系，接着介绍研究的原创性、研究过程以及研究结果表明朋友间神经反应相似性最强且可用于预测社交关系，文章整体围绕通过神经反应揭示社会关系的研究展开。因此A项“A Study Revealing Social Ties Through Neural Responses (一项通过神经反应揭示社交联系的研究)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁大连·期末） With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), it does much for people. But can you imagine the UK government is considering the use of AI in the justice system? Supporters claim it can simplify legal tasks, cut down mistakes, and speed up cases. They suggest AI should help analyze documents, forecast case results using past data, and even assist in drafting legal papers, easing lawyers’ workload. Youmna Hashem from the Alan Turing Institute and her team have said that 84% of the UK’s one billion yearly-interactions between citizens and the government could be done by AI. However, Vinija Jain and his team evaluated how AI judges ethically (伦理上) ambiguous actions, like stealing food due to hunger. Unlike humans, these AI systems lack understanding and sympathy, often finding people guilty in such cases, which could have negative effects on legal situations. Jain remarks that a human judge can announce “This is wrong, but given the current situation, it is forgivable.” But it is not something we can realistically envision for an AI judge. To address these concerns, the government is exploring an approach that AI supports rather than replacing human judgment. This would involve tight testing of AI systems before they are applied to legal practices or in courtrooms. Additionally, there is a push for being continuously monitored by legal experts to ensure that AI recommendations are sound and ethically correspond with the principles of justice. The debate over AI in the justice system is ongoing, with both sides presenting heated arguments. While the potential benefits of increasing efficiency and consistency are undeniable, the importance of preserving the human element in legal decision-making still cannot be ignored. As the UK government moves forward with its considerations, it will be crucial to strike a balance that takes advantage of the strengths of AI while safeguarding the fairness of the justice system. 1．What is a significant worry about AI in the justice system? A．AI is not open-minded. B．AI is not logical. C．AI is not tender-hearted. D．AI is not intelligent. 2．What does the underlined word “envision” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Participate. B．Expect. C．Analyse. D．Approach. 3．What does the government tend to do regarding the concerns about AI? A．To use AI in the justice system. B．To replace human judgement with AI. C．To employ AI with strict management. D．To protect legal decision-making against AI. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．AI’s Role in Legal Systems B．AI’s Limitations in Crime and Justice C．The Pros and Cons of AI in Justice system D．Automating Government Services with AI 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在司法系统中的应用，并阐述了人工智能在司法系统中的应用的优势和劣势。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, Vinija Jain and his team evaluated how AI judges ethically (伦理上) ambiguous actions, like stealing food due to hunger. Unlike humans, these AI systems lack understanding and sympathy, often finding people guilty in such cases, which could have negative effects on legal situations.( 然而，Vinija Jain和他的团队评估了人工智能如何判断道德上模棱两可的行为，比如因饥饿而偷食物。与人类不同，这些人工智能系统缺乏理解和同情，经常在这种情况下发现人们有罪，这可能对法律情况产生负面影响。)” 可知，对于在司法系统中使用人工智能的一个重大担忧是，人工智能系统缺乏理解和同情心，即不心软。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Jain remarks that a human judge can announce “This is wrong, but given the current situation, it is forgivable.” (Jain评论说，人类法官可以宣布“这是错误的，但考虑到目前的情况，这是可以原谅的。”)”以及划线单词句中“But it is not something we can realistically envision for an AI judge.(但这并不是我们可以实际envision人工智能法官的)”可知，此处为对于人工智能法官来说，“虽然有错误但可以原谅的”的判定不是我们能“期望”AI的事情。故可猜测划线单词envision为“期望，设想”的意思，和B选项Expect“期待，期望”意思相近。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“To address these concerns, the government is exploring an approach that AI supports rather than replacing human judgment. This would involve tight testing of AI systems before they are applied to legal practices or in courtrooms. Additionally, there is a push for being continuously monitored by legal experts to ensure that AI recommendations are sound and ethically correspond with the principles of justice.( 为了解决这些问题，政府正在探索一种人工智能支持而不是取代人类判断的方法。这将涉及在将人工智能系统应用于法律实践或法庭之前对其进行严格测试。此外，人们还在推动由法律专家持续监督，以确保人工智能的建议是合理的，并且在道德上符合正义原则。)”可知，政府倾向于在严格管理的情况下使用人工智能，即让人工智能起到支持作用而非取代人类判断，在应用前进行严格测试，并由法律专家持续监控。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“The debate over AI in the justice system is ongoing, with both sides presenting heated arguments. While the potential benefits of increasing efficiency and consistency are undeniable, the importance of preserving the human element in legal decision-making still cannot be ignored. As the UK government moves forward with its considerations, it will be crucial to strike a balance that takes advantage of the strengths of AI while safeguarding the fairness of the justice system(关于司法系统中人工智能的争论正在进行中，双方都提出了激烈的论点。虽然提高效率和一致性的潜在好处是不可否认的，但在法律决策中保留人的因素的重要性仍然不能忽视。随着英国政府推进其考虑，在利用人工智能优势的同时维护司法系统的公平性，取得平衡将是至关重要的。)”可知，文章第一段引出英国政府考虑在司法系统中使用人工智能这一话题，第二段讲述了支持者认为人工智能在司法系统中的好处，如简化法律任务、减少错误、加快案件处理等，第三、四段指出了人工智能在司法系统中存在的问题，如缺乏理解和同情心，第五段说明政府针对这些问题采取的措施，最后一段总结关于在司法系统中使用人工智能的争论仍在继续，既要看到其提高效率和一致性的潜在好处，也不能忽视法律决策中保留人类因素的重要性，所以文章主要讲的是人工智能在司法系统中的利弊。C选项“The Pros and Cons of AI in Justice system(人工智能在司法系统中的利弊)”，符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） Slow motion, a way of displaying action in a manner that appears slower than real-time action, is used in many short videos on social media. A new study shows that slow motion increases the number of likes and views and promotes brand preference, choice and consumer willingness to pay. Although slow motion is used in many videos, there was little scientific evidence on how this technique affects a positive viewing experience. Previous research points to different findings. Radio broadcasts, for example, are enjoyed more when they are played faster. In the new research, subjects were shown GIFs in a slow-motion version and in a normal-speed version. It turned out that slow-motion GIFs were found to be much more enjoyable than the normal fast GIFs. This effect appeared because slow motion is easier for the brain to process. Interestingly, this theory can also explain people’s viewing behavior on an online GIF-sharing platform. In a study that examined several hundred GIFs from a website, the researchers saw that slow-motion GIFs were viewed more often, received more ratings and were generally rated more positively than regular fast GIFs. Marketing researcher Anika Stuppy from Tilburg University states, “We see that the slow-motion technique is especially effective in slowing down movements that are extremely complex and difficult to observe at normal speed.” Videographers themselves can also make a movement complex, and therefore interesting. “For example, a slow-motion video of a cook cutting a steak might be boring, but a close-up of the knife slicing through the meat in slow-motion is pleasing again,” adds Stuppy. However, slow motion is not recommended in some cases, such as a simple dance. Such movements are more boring to watch in slow motion. The research also shows that when slow motion is used for content that is unpleasant, it can make the viewing experience more unpleasant. Finally, the research shows that slow motion creates feelings of safety and familiarity. Therefore, it is not a proper technique when you want to excite the viewer or show a product as “adventurous” or “exciting”. In that case, the researchers recommend fast-motion techniques. 1．What is a notable benefit of slow motion according to the new research? A．Heightening viewing pleasure. B．Inspiring a sense of adventure. C．Developing the viewers’ creativity. D．Aiding in technical problem-solving. 2．Which factor greatly influences the effectiveness of slow motion? A．The platform for sharing the content. B．The quality of the recording equipment. C．The features of the presented movement. D．The viewers’ familiarity with the subject. 3．What does the author advise video creators to do? A．Experiment with advanced fast-motion effects. B．Add pleasant content as much as possible. C．Reduce the repetition of slow motion. D．Apply slow motion to suitable scenes. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．The power of slow motion in video appreciation B．Social media’s role in shaping video preference C．The development of online video platforms D．Public opinions on slow motion usage 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了慢动作技术如何影响视频的观看体验，尤其是在社交媒体的短视频中，以及这一技术的实际应用和建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A new study shows that slow motion increases the number of likes and views and promotes brand preference, choice and consumer willingness to pay.(一项新的研究表明，慢动作增加了点赞和观看的数量，并促进了品牌偏好、选择和消费者支付意愿)”可知，慢动作显著提升了观看的乐趣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“We see that the slow-motion technique is especially effective in slowing down movements that are extremely complex and difficult to observe at normal speed.(我们看到，慢动作技术在放慢极其复杂且难以正常速度观察的动作时尤其有效)”可知，呈现动作的特征在很大程度上影响了慢动作的效果。故选C。 3．细节理解题。细节理解题。根据文章第五段“However, slow motion is not recommended in some cases, such as a simple dance. Such movements are more boring to watch in slow motion.(然而，在某些情况下，不建议使用慢动作，比如简单的舞蹈。在慢动作中观看这些动作更无聊)”以及最后一段“Finally, the research shows that slow motion creates feelings of safety and familiarity. Therefore, it is not a proper technique when you want to excite the viewer or show a product as “adventurous” or “exciting”. In that case, the researchers recommend fast-motion techniques.(最后，研究表明慢动作会产生安全感和熟悉感。因此，当你想激发观众或将产品展示为“冒险”或“令人兴奋”时，这不是一种合适的技术。在这种情况下，研究人员推荐快速运动技术)”可知，作者建议视频创作者将慢动作应用于合适的场景中。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章第一段“A new study shows that slow motion increases the number of likes and views and promotes brand preference, choice and consumer willingness to pay.(一项新的研究表明，慢动作增加了点赞和观看的数量，并促进了品牌偏好、选择和消费者支付意愿)”根据第三段“It turned out that slow-motion GIFs were found to be much more enjoyable than the normal fast GIFs.(结果发现，慢动作动图比正常的快速动图更令人愉快)”可知,主要介绍了慢动作技术如何影响视频的观看体验，尤其是在社交媒体的短视频中，以及这一技术的实际应用和建议。由此可知，A选项“慢动作在视频欣赏中的力量”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.” David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.” Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus adds, “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.” The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. 5．What is the key to the learning of AI according to the text? A．The input of data B．The categories of machines. C．Computers’ recognition ability. D．Scientists’ consistent research. 6．What is the main point of the fourth paragraph? A．Computers will replace doctors in the future. B．Doctors don’t need any help from machines. C．Machines can assist doctors in decision-making. D．David Agus doesn’t believe in the role of machines in medicine. 7．What is the AI’s advantage over traditional methods in cancer identifying? A．It will cost less money. B．It will become more effective. C．It will relieve patients’ suffering. D．It will correct personal mistakes. 8．Which word can best describe the technology? A．Promising. B．Integrated. C．User-friendly. D．Challenging. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南加州大学的科学家研究人工智能及机器学习如何助力识别乳腺癌，指出机器虽不会取代医生但可辅助决策，而且人工智能在癌症识别上有优势，医生预测其未来在癌症治疗方面前景广阔。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中Rawat所说的话“This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions. (这些数据有助于机器学习。你可以把数据输入机器，它们会学习模式和模式识别，这对决策很重要)”可知，输入的数据帮助机器学习。因此，人工智能学习的关键是数据输入。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.” (他认为机器不会取代医生。他说：“计算机不会治疗病人，但它们会帮助做出某些决定，并寻找人类大脑无法识别的东西。”)”可知，本段主要说明机器可以在决策方面协助医生。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. (目前，研究人员将一块薄薄的组织放在一小块玻璃上，并添加颜色，以便更好地观察细胞。这个过程可能需要几天甚至更长时间。科学家表示，人工智能可以做得更好，而不仅仅是数细胞的数量。通过机器学习，它可以识别复杂的模式或结构，并了解细胞是如何组织的)”可知，在癌症识别方面，人工智能与传统方法相比的优势在于它将变得更加有效。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. (人工智能(AI)技术可能很快就会成为医生的有用工具。这可能会帮助他们以前所未有的方式更好地了解和治疗乳腺癌等疾病)”和最后一段“The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. (南加州大学的研究人员现在只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测，人工智能总有一天会对所有类型的癌症产生影响)”可知，人工智能技术可能很快可以帮助医生治疗乳腺癌等疾病，且将来会在所有癌症治疗中发挥作用。因此，这项技术很有前景。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末） Enjoying a juicy watermelon is one of summer’s greatest pleasures, particularly when you don’t have to avoid any seeds. Indeed, humans have adapted many fruits to be seedless in search of a more pleasant eating experience. The navel orange (a sweet orange that is usually seedless), for example, came about after a random genetic mutation (随机的基因突变) produced a single branch with seedless fruit long ago. Cuttings of the branch were joined to other trees, and today, all of the world’s navel oranges are copies of this original. A similar discovery led to seedless grapes, which are thought to first appear in ancient Rome before making their way to the Americas in the 1870s. Scientists have a few guesses about why plants might have developed these abilities and they tried out the combinations in experiments. For one, plants can hybridize more easily than some kinds of animals, and hybridization unlocks the new potential. Even if some combinations don’t pan out, researchers have recorded examples of “hybrid advantage”, in which a hybrid is fitter than either of its parents. Lastly, because the purpose of fruit is to draw animals near to help spread their seeds, the production of fruits without fertilization (受精) may ultimately allow trees to produce more fruit at a lower energetic cost if they don’t need to make seeds, too. Regardless of why seedless fruits exist, they represent an interesting thought experiment, according to Stacey Smith, a plant evolutionary biologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. Many are unable to continue surviving without human involvement, but they’re boosted to grow in the wild for that same reason. There are very few, if any, wild navel oranges, and yet it’s estimated that California will produce 76 million cartons of them this year alone. “My personal take is that all plants under human care have won in some sense, because they don’t have to make more of themselves. We do it for them,” Smith told Live Science. “And we will never stop eating watermelons, and being able to make seedless ones just means we eat more watermelons.” 1．What is the similarity between the orange and grape mentioned in the text? A．Being native to ancient Rome. B．Being seedless due to genetic change. C．Being grown from seeds rather than cuttings. D．Being joined to other plants for a sweeter taste. 2．What does the underlined phrase “pan out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Die out. B．Fall through. C．Come apart. D．Work out. 3．Why is the existence of seedless fruits considered a thought experiment? A．It contributes to the balance of nature. B．People still have doubts regarding seedless fruits. C．It inspires thinking on natural selection and human activity. D．Seedless fruits have a high demand but limited production. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Hybridization: The Key to Seedless Fruits’ Success B．Seedless Fruits: A Human-Aided Evolutionary Wonder C．The Journey of Seedless Fruits: From Mutation to Market D．Genetic Mutations: The Only Way to Create Seedless Fruits 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无籽水果的起源、发展以及它们与人类活动的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The navel orange (a sweet orange that is usually seedless), for example, came about after a random genetic mutation produced a single branch with seedless fruit long ago. (例如，脐橙，一种通常无籽的甜橙，是在很久以前随机的基因突变产生了一个无籽果实的单枝后产生的)”和“A similar discovery led to seedless grapes, which are thought to first appear in ancient Rome before making their way to the Americas in the 1870s. (类似的发现导致了无籽葡萄的出现，无籽葡萄被认为最早出现在古罗马，然后在19世纪70年代传到了美洲)”可知，脐橙和无籽葡萄的相似之处在于都是由于基因变化而变得无籽。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。画线部分的上文“Scientists have a few guesses about why plants might have developed these abilities and they tried out the combinations in experiments. For one, plants can hybridize more easily than some kinds of animals, and hybridization unlocks the new potential. (科学家们对植物为什么会发展出这些能力有一些猜测，他们在实验中尝试了这些组合。首先，植物比某些动物更容易杂交，而杂交释放了新的潜力)”提到科学家们尝试不同的组合，用杂交的手段释放新的潜力，Even if“即使”表示让步关系，再结合画线部分的下文“researchers have recorded examples of “hybrid advantage”, in which a hybrid is fitter than either of its parents (研究人员也记录了“杂交优势”的例子，在这种情况下，杂交后代比其父母中的任何一个都更适合)”可推知，虽然有些组合可能不成功，但也存在杂交优势的例子，画线部分意思应该是“成功，奏效”，与Work out意思最为接近。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Regardless of why seedless fruits exist, they represent an interesting thought experiment, according to Stacey Smith, a plant evolutionary biologist at the University of Colorado Boulder. Many are unable to continue surviving without human involvement, but they’re boosted to grow in the wild for that same reason. (科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的植物进化生物学家Stacey Smith表示，不管无籽水果存在的原因是什么，它们都代表了一个有趣的思想实验。如果没有人类的参与，许多水果无法继续生存，但出于同样的原因，它们被鼓励在野外生长)”可知，无籽水果的存在依赖于人类的干预，而不是自然选择。由此推知，无籽水果的存在是一个有趣的思想实验，是因为这引发了关于自然选择和人类活动之间关系的思考。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Smith所说的话“My personal take is that all plants under human care have won in some sense, because they don’t have to make more of themselves. We do it for them (我个人的看法是，所有在人类照料下的植物都在某种意义上取得了胜利，因为它们不需要自己繁殖。我们为它们完成了这个活动)”可知，文章主要介绍了无籽水果的起源、发展以及它们与人类活动的关系。文章提到，无籽水果的出现是由于基因突变和人类的选择性繁殖，并且它们的生存依赖于人类的干预。因此，B项“无籽水果：人类辅助的进化奇迹”最能概括文章的核心内容，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） For a long time, dogs have played an important role in the aftermath of disasters, using their ability to aid in search-and-rescue missions. Apopo, a global nonprofit, is developing a program that trains African giant pouched rats (巨型鼠) to find people in disaster zones. These little rats, born with great curiosity to explore and search, can fit into tiny spaces, reach deep into rubble (瓦砾), and are quicker than dogs. The rats are often trained in areas built with challenges and loud noises, which they may face at disaster sites. Regularly changing the training grounds is also important so the rats don’t learn to operate through memory. Additionally, they are taught to remain focused and not to pay attention to any nice smells they may find in the rubble. During training, the rats wear light backpacks with cameras to offer rescuers video recordings. The equipment also features a system that allows for the colloquy. “We can’t teach the rats to talk, so we need someway to exchange messages with any survivors in the rubble,” said Sander Verdiesen, an electrical engineer. Though the project is still in development and the rats are not yet active in disaster zones, they have been saving people’s lives in other ways. During a search for landmines (地雷), the rats use their strong sense of smell to systematically search an area the size of a tennis court in 30 minutes, which would take a person clearing landmines up to four days. When the rat discovers a landmine, it digs the ground, letting a team remove it safely. According to Apopo, the rats had contributed to the clearance of over 100 million square meters of land and the removal of 31,739 landmines by the end of 2023. While rats can be trained for many types of jobs, there are ongoing issues of funding and the public’s generally negative view of the species. “We see search-and-rescue dogs as normal. It would be nice for rats to be recognized in the same way. I think we’ll get there. It’s just a matter of when,” said Giangrosso, head of the program. “In the meantime, they’ll continue proving themselves as small but mighty superheroes.” 1．What are the training settings for the rats aimed at? A．Sharpening their memory of past practices. B．Strengthening their teamwork in emergencies. C．Teaching them to recognize harmful materials. D．Improving their performance in tough situations. 2．Which can replace the underlined word “colloquy” in paragraph 3? A．Safety. B．Mistake. C．Communication. D．Recognition. 3．What does the application of rats in landmine removing operations suggest? A．They depend on careful guidance. B．They aid in human efforts effectively. C．They are poor at searching small areas. D．They lose focus quickly during searches. 4．What is Giangrosso’s attitude towards rats’ role in rescue efforts? A．Doubtful. B．Shocked. C．Worried. D．Positive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Apopo这一非营利组织正在训练非洲巨型鼠用于灾难搜救以及排雷工作的情况。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The rats are often trained in areas built with challenges and loud noises, which they may face at disaster sites. Regularly changing the training grounds is also important so the rats don’t learn to operate through memory. (这些老鼠经常在建造有挑战和噪音的区域进行训练，这是它们可能在灾难现场遇到的情况。定期更换训练场地也很重要，这样老鼠就不会通过记忆来操作了)”可知，对老鼠的训练设置旨在提高它们在困难情况下的表现。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The equipment also features a system that allows for the colloquy. “We can’t teach the rats to talk, so we need someway to exchange messages with any survivors in the rubble,” said Sander Verdiesen, an electrical engineer. (该设备还配备了一个允许colloquy的系统。“我们不能教老鼠说话，所以我们需要某种方法与废墟中的任何幸存者交换信息，”电气工程师Sander Verdiesen说)”可知，我们不能教老鼠说话，所以我们需要某种方式与瓦砾下的幸存者进行交流。根据语境可推知，colloquy意为“交流”。A. Safety安全；B. Mistake错误；C. Communication交流；D. Recognition承认，认可。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During a search for landmines, the rats use their strong sense of smell to systematically search an area the size of a tennis court in 30 minutes, which would take a person clearing landmines up to four days. When the rat discovers a landmine, it digs the ground, letting a team remove it safely. (在寻找地雷的过程中，这些老鼠利用其敏锐的嗅觉，能够在30分钟内系统地搜索一个相当于网球场大小的面积，而人工清除地雷则最多需要四天时间。当老鼠发现地雷时，它会挖开地面，让团队安全地将其移除)”可知，老鼠在排雷行动中的应用表明它们有效地辅助了人类的工作。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While rats can be trained for many types of jobs, there are ongoing issues of funding and the public’s generally negative view of the species. “We see search-and-rescue dogs as normal. It would be nice for rats to be recognized in the same way. I think we’ll get there. It’s just a matter of when,” said Giangrosso, head of the program. “In the meantime, they’ll continue proving themselves as small but mighty superheroes.” (虽然老鼠可以被训练用于多种工作，但一直存在资金问题以及公众对该物种普遍的负面看法。“我们认为搜救犬是正常的 (工作伙伴)。要是老鼠也能得到同样的认可就好了。我觉得我们能达到这一目标，只是时间问题，”该项目负责人Giangrosso说道，“与此同时，它们会继续证明自己是虽小但强大的超级英雄。”)”可推知，Giangrosso对老鼠在救援行动中的作用持积极态度。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁抚顺·期末） Human conversations are rapid-fire affairs, with mere milliseconds, one-thousandth of a second, passing between one person’s speech and their partner’s response. This speedy turn taking is universal across cultures — but now it turns out that chimps (黑猩猩) do it, too. By analyzing thousands of gestures from chimps in East Africa, researchers found that the animals take turns while communicating, and do so as quickly as we do. Researchers sorted out hundreds of hours of footage from a large database of chimp gestural interactions. The researchers studied the footage, describing the movements each chimp made. They found the chimps responded to gestures with another gesture in their interactions. In one case, two chimps exchanged seven gestures in a row: Young male Daudi in Uganda had caught a small antelope, and young female Onyofi was requesting some of the meat. Every time she made a begging gesture, Daudi would respond by moving his arms and stamping his feet-gestures that mean“move away, go away”. This turn taking was rapid and often overlapping, seeming to flow naturally like in human conversations. What’s more, it took chimps an average of just 120 milliseconds to respond to another chimp's gesture with their own, well within the 0-to 200-millisecond range common in human interactions. “The work has important implications for the origins of human communication,” says Stephen Levinson, a linguist. Humans may have got turn-taking behavior from our last common ancestor with other great apes (类人猿). Finding one of those features-turn taking-in our close cousins suggests that even the earliest humans already had this ability. However, some researchers say it’s too early to conclude that humans and chimps both got this ability from our ancestor. “Without looking at other species, we can’t make that claim. We don’t know if this is something special about chimps’ communication, or whether it’s been found there first ‘because we firstly think of chimps when we’re asking evolutionary (进化的) questions’,” an animal communication researcher said. 1．What is the common understanding of the turn taking? A．It refers to all kinds of communicating skills. B．It generally exists among different cultures. C．It is a factor that distinguishes people from animals. D．It can be learned by chimps with people’s guideline. 2．Why does the author mention Daudi and Onyofi? A．To make a contrast. B．To make a comment. C．To explain a rule. D．To clarify a concept. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The scientists will do more research. B．More chimps will be sent to be studied. C．The researchers’ conclusion is fully recognized. D．The study of evolution is closely related to chimps. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Chimps study to take turn from humans B．Chimps take turns while chatting just like humans C．Chimps use their own words to chat with their partners D．Chimps get the ability of taking turn from our ancestors 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现黑猩猩交流像人类一样会快速轮流，这对人类交流起源研究意义重大。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This speedy turn taking is universal across cultures — but now it turns out that chimps (黑猩猩) do it, too.(这种快速的轮流交流在不同文化中是普遍存在的 —— 但现在发现黑猩猩也会这样做)”可知，轮流交流通常存在于不同文化之中。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第一段“By analyzing thousands of gestures from chimps in East Africa, researchers found that the animals take turns while communicating, and do so as quickly as we do.(通过分析来自东非黑猩猩的数千个手势，研究人员发现这些动物在交流时会轮流进行，而且速度和我们人类一样快)”可知，这里引出了黑猩猩交流时会轮流这一概念，再由第二段“In one case, two chimps exchanged seven gestures in a row: Young male Daudi in Uganda had caught a small antelope, and young female Onyofi was requesting some of the meat. Every time she made a begging gesture, Daudi would respond by moving his arms and stamping his feet - gestures that mean‘move away, go away’.(在一个案例中，两只黑猩猩连续交换了七个手势：乌干达的年轻雄性Daudi捕获了一只小羚羊，年轻雌性Onyofi想要一些肉。每次她做出乞讨的手势，Daudi都会通过挥动手臂和跺脚来回应 —— 这些手势意味着‘走开，离开’)”可知，文章通过具体描述Daudi和Onyofi之间交流时用手势互相回应、轮流进行交流的这个事例，使得黑猩猩在交流中“轮流交流”这一相对抽象的概念更加清晰明了，让读者更易理解，所以作者提及它们是为了澄清“黑猩猩交流时会轮流进行”这一概念。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, some researchers say it’s too early to conclude that humans and chimps both got this ability from our ancestor. “Without looking at other species, we can’t make that claim. We don’t know if this is something special about chimps’ communication, or whether it’s been found there first ‘because we firstly think of chimps when we’re asking evolutionary ( 进化的 ) questions’,”(然而，一些研究人员表示，现在下结论说人类和黑猩猩都从我们的祖先那里得到了这种能力还为时过早。“在没有观察其他物种的情况下，我们无法做出这样的断言。我们不知道这是黑猩猩交流的特殊之处，还是因为我们在提出进化问题时首先想到黑猩猩而首先在那里发现的。”)”可以推断出，因为目前结论还不明确，所以科学家们还会进行更多的研究，去研究其他物种等情况来进一步确定。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“By analyzing thousands of gestures from chimps in East Africa, researchers found that the animals take turns while communicating, and do so as quickly as we do.(通过分析来自东非黑猩猩的数千个手势，研究人员发现这些动物在交流时会轮流进行，而且速度和我们人类一样快)”以及后文可知，文章开篇指出人类交流中存在快速轮流的现象，且这种现象在不同文化中普遍存在，接着强调研究发现黑猩猩在交流时同样会轮流进行，后文还围绕这一发现对人类交流起源的影响以及相关争议展开论述。整个文章重点围绕黑猩猩在交流时像人类一样具备轮流交流的行为展开，所以B选项Chimps take turns while chatting just like humans(黑猩猩在聊天时像人类一样轮流交流) 准确概括了文章核心内容。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·吉林·期末） How did the ant steal the lion’s dinner? This isn’t the beginning of one of Aesop’s Fables. It’s the finding of a new study about ants and lions. The whistling-thorn tree is a common sight on the plains of the east African grassland. Each tree is home to native acacia ants, which shelter inside the spines and drink juice from the tree. In return, when an elephant tries to eat the tree, ants climb up inside its nose and bite from the inside out. This has allowed the trees and the ants to grow well. The big-headed ants arrived in this area between 2002 and 2005. They kill local acacia ants wherever they find them, robbing local whistling-thorn trees of their brave defenders against hungry elephants. Without ants to bite them, the elephants tear up the thorn trees, opening up the grassland, which makes it harder for lions to catch their preferred zebra meals. In the new study, wildlife ecologist Jake Goheen and his colleagues could have used drones or satellite images to study tree cover, but “we don’t have that kind of money,” Goheen says. Instead, the researchers tracked their collared lions, and then got down on hands and knees near the lions’ recent kills, using a range finder to measure the openness of the area. Areas with big-headed ants, the team showed, had 2.67 times higher visibility than areas without — meaning that lions could see farther, but so could their prey. Over the three years of the study, zebra dinners decreased from 67 percent to 42 percent of lion kills. But the lions didn’t go hungry. Instead, they went for beef. Buffalo kills increased from zero to 42 percent of kills over the study period. “It’s a risky diet,” Goheen says. “Buffalo are big and feisty, and lions hunting buffalo are more likely to be injured.” “The study shows that the disruption (干扰) can have serious effects on other species in the community,” says Goheen. “Those effects can be unexpected and indirect. Changes could also have an impact on food webs in other ecosystems.” 1．What is the relationship between acacia ants and whistling-thorn trees like? A．Independent. B．Inharmonious. C．Competitive. D．Win-win. 2．What do we know about the study in paragraph 4? A．It is worthy but indirect. B．It is specific but unreliable. C．It is demanding but economical. D．It is expensive but effective. 3．What does the underlined word “feisty” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Stable. B．Wild. C．Exceptional. D．Inactive. 4．What phenomenon does Goheen describe in the last paragraph? A．The butterfly effect. B．The greenhouse effect. C．The bystander effect. D．The observer effect. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于蚂蚁和狮子之间关系的新研究发现，即外来大头蚁的入侵对当地生态造成了影响，最后使得狮子改变了捕猎对象。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each tree is home to native acacia ants, which shelter inside the spines and drink juice from the tree. In return, when an elephant tries to eat the tree, ants climb up inside its nose and bite from the inside out. This has allowed the trees and the ants to grow well. (每棵树都是本地金合欢蚂蚁的家园，它们躲在刺里，喝树上的汁水。作为回报，当大象试图吃这棵树时，蚂蚁就会爬到大象的鼻子里，从里面往外咬。这使得树木和蚂蚁长得很好)”可知，金合欢蚁和刺槐的关系是双赢的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the new study, wildlife ecologist Jake Goheen and his colleagues could have used drones or satellite images to study tree cover, but “we don’t have that kind of money,” Goheen says. Instead, the researchers tracked their collared lions, and then got down on hands and knees near the lions’ recent kills, using a range finder to measure the openness of the area. Areas with big-headed ants, the team showed, had 2.67 times higher visibility than areas without — meaning that lions could see farther, but so could their prey. (在这项新研究中，野生动物生态学家Jake Goheen和他的同事本可以使用无人机或卫星图像来研究树木覆盖，但Goheen说：“我们没有那么多钱。”取而代之的是，研究人员追踪他们戴项圈的狮子，然后在狮子最近杀死的猎物附近蹲下，用测距仪测量该区域的开放程度。研究小组发现，有大头蚂蚁的地区的能见度是没有大头蚂蚁地区的2.67倍，这意味着狮子可以看得更远，但它们的猎物也可以)”可知，研究人员通过追踪有项圈的狮子等经济的方式进行研究，虽然有难度但经济实惠，即研究要求很高，但很经济。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and lions hunting buffalo are more likely to be injured (狮子捕猎水牛更容易受伤)”可知，狮子捕猎水牛更容易受伤，说明水牛比狮子更加凶猛。故划线词意思是“凶猛的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The study shows that the disruption can have serious effects on other species in the community,” says Goheen. “Those effects can be unexpected and indirect. Changes could also have an impact on food webs in other ecosystems.” (“研究表明，这种破坏会对群落中的其他物种产生严重影响，”Goheen说。“这些影响可能是意想不到的和间接的。变化也可能对其他生态系统的食物网产生影响”)”可知，干扰对生态系统中的其他物种有严重、意外和间接的影响，属于蝴蝶效应。故选A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁省名校联盟·期末） A famous travel writer, Pico Iyer, recently wrote of his experience in the deep south of the world. The visit, he said, “awakens you to the environmental concerns of the world, and you go home with important questions for your conscience as well as brilliant memories”. Iyer isn’t alone. This response is widespread, known in the industry as Antarctic ambassadorship. In Antarctica, crowding, environmental impact and emissions are the most pressing issues. While 100,000 tourists a year is tiny by global tourism standards, visits are concentrated in highly sensitive ecological areas for a few months per year. There are no residents to disturb (other than local wildlife), because there’s no host community to protest if visitor numbers get too high. Even so, strong protections are in place. According to the Antarctic Treaty System — the set of international agreements signed by countries with an Antarctic presence or an interest — tourism operators based in those nations have to apply for permits and follow strict environmental regulations. For instance, to avoid introducing new species, tourists have to follow rules such as disinfecting (消毒) their boots and vacuuming their pockets before setting foot on the ice, and keeping a set distance from wildlife. Almost all Antarctic cruise ship owners belong to the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, the main body that manages Antarctic tourism. For the first time this year, operators have to report their overall fuel consumption as part of IAATO’s efforts to make the industry more climate-friendly. Some operators are now using hybrid ships that can run partly on electric drive for short periods, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. If you’re one of the tourists going to Antarctica this summer, enjoy the experience — but go with care. Be aware that no trip south comes without environmental cost and use this knowledge to make clear-eyed decisions about your activities both in Antarctica and once you’re safely back home. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To introduce the famous writer Pico Iyer. B．To show how amazing to be Antarctic Ambassador. C．To arouse public interest in Antarctic tourism. D．To show concerns for Antarctic environment. 2．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “vacuuming” in paragraph 4? A．Protecting. B．Emptying. C．Polluting. D．Filling. 3．What can we learn about the operator this year? A．They needn’t report overall fuel assumption. B．They made no effort to be climate-friendly. C．Hybrid ships are a good choice to reduce CO₂. D．Polar travel can be stopped right away by the company. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Antarctic tourism? A．Positive. B．Skeptical. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南极旅游对环境的影响及采取的保护措施，强调游客应负责任地进行南极旅行。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The visit, he said, “awakens you to the environmental concerns of the world, and you go home with important questions for your conscience as well as brilliant memories”. Iyer isn’t alone. This response is widespread, known in the industry as Antarctic ambassadorship.(他说，这次访问“让你意识到对世界环境的担忧，当你回家时，心中不仅带着美好的回忆，还会有一些关乎良知的重要问题”。并非只有Iyer有这样的感受。这种反应很普遍，在业内被称为“南极大使意识”)”及第二段中“In Antarctica, crowding, environmental impact and emissions are the most pressing issues.(在南极洲，人口拥挤、环境影响和排放问题是最为紧迫的问题)”可知，著名旅行作家Iyer讲述了他在世界最南端（南极洲）的经历，他的这次访问让他意识到对世界环境的担忧，而且这种反应很普遍。由此可推断，第一段的作用是展示对南极环境的关注。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“For instance, to avoid introducing new species, tourists have to follow rules such as disinfecting (消毒) their boots and vacuuming their pockets before setting foot on the ice, and keeping a set distance from wildlife.(例如，为了避免引入新物种，游客必须遵守一些规定，比如在踏上冰面之前给靴子消毒、vacuuming口袋，并且与野生动物保持一定的距离)” 可推知，为避免引入新物种，“vacuuming their pockets”意思是清空口袋，防止口袋里有其他地方带来的东西从而引入新物种，故画线词意思是“清空”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Some operators are now using hybrid ships that can run partly on electric drive for short periods, reducing carbon dioxide emissions.(一些运营商现在正在使用混合动力船，这种船可以在短时间内部分依靠电力驱动，从而减少二氧化碳排放)”可知，混合动力船是减少二氧化碳排放的好选择。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you’re one of the tourists going to Antarctica this summer, enjoy the experience — but go with care. Be aware that no trip south comes without environmental cost and use this knowledge to make clear-eyed decisions about your activities both in Antarctica and once you’re safely back home.(如果你是今年夏天去南极洲的游客之一，享受这次经历吧——但要小心。要知道，每一次南极之旅都会付出环境代价，利用这些知识，明智地决定你在南极的活动，以及一旦你安全回家后该做什么)”可知，作者对南极之旅的建议是享受这段经历的同时要多加注意，由此可推知，作者对南极旅游持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江·期末） Tardigrades (水熊虫), with nicknames like “water bear”, may be the toughest animals on Earth. They have evolved to live almost anywhere and survive almost anything. Some tardigrades can escape conditions that would kill most living beings, including extremes far beyond anything found on Earth. Tardigrades have been around for at least 500 million years or so, possibly sharing a common ancestor with arthropods (节肢动物). Over 1,000 species are known today, including marine, fresh water and terrestrial tardigrades. Tardigrades are near the edge of visibility for most human eyes. A typical tardigrade is about 0.5mm long, and even the largest ones are less than 2 mm in length. Perhaps the most famous thing about tardigrades is their strange and mysterious durability. Tardigrades are not immortal, but they have a powerful adaptation that allows them to survive for decades in extreme conditions. To endure environmental stress, tardigrades suspend their metabolism (新陈代谢) through a process called cryptobiosis. They curl up and enter a death-like state known as a tun. Their metabolism slows to 0.01% of normal, and their water content drops to less than 1%. They survive in this state by replacing the water in their cells with a protective sugar called trehalose (海藻糖), which preserves all the cellular machinery until water is available again. Some tardigrades in a tun can handle pressure as high as 600 megapascals(MPa). That’s nearly 6,000 atmospheres, or 6,000 times the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level, and it’s about six times higher than the pressure found in the planet’s deepest ocean trenches. Even half as much pressure, 300 MPa, would kill most multicellular life and bacteria. Two tardigrade species flew into low-Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission in 2007, becoming the first animals known to survive direct exposure to space. The 12-day mission proved that exposure to the vacuum (真空) was no problem for them, and the lack of gravity had little effect, either. Some tardigrades even laid eggs during the mission. Research has shown tardigrades can survive roughly 1,000 times more radiation than a human. Chinese scientists have decoded the key mechanisms that make tardigrades radiation-resistant, which could shed light on how to make human beings stronger against radiation and how to increase the stress tolerance of human cells in the future, according to a study published in the journal Science in October 2024. 1．How does the author introduce the features of tardigrades in Paragraph 2? A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By showing examples. D．By listing figures. 2．Why can tardigrades possibly survive in extreme conditions according to this passage? A．Because they are immortal. B．Because they can change extreme conditions. C．Because they slow down their metabolism. D．Because they can regain life from death for many times. 3．When tardigrades face pressure or space, what is a possible condition? A．They can’t handle pressure more than 500 Mpa. B．They will be killed by the pressure about 300 Mpa. C．They can only survive indirect exposure to space. D．They are almost not affected by the lack of gravity. 4．What is the importance of the study of Chinese scientists? A．Their findings can be applied to help human beings. B．They focuses on the reproduction of tardigrades C．Their study can promote to study the dietary habits of tardigrades. D．They proved tardigrades radiant-resistant. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍水熊虫的极端生存能力。它们能够在地球上一些最极端的条件下生存，可耐受超强辐射、干燥等极端生存环境。针对水熊虫这种神奇的极端生命体抗辐射等机制的研究，有助于帮助人类更好地研究如何提高人类的抗辐射能力和抗压能力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Tardigrades have been around for at least 500 million years or so, possibly sharing a common ancestor with arthropods (节肢动物). Over 1,000 species are known today, including marine, fresh water and terrestrial tardigrades. Tardigrades are near the edge of visibility for most human eyes. A typical tardigrade is about 0.5mm long, and even the largest ones are less than 2 mm in length.(水熊虫已经存在了至少5亿年左右，可能与节肢动物有共同的祖先。目前已知的水熊虫有1000多种，包括海洋、淡水和陆地缓步动物。水熊虫接近大多数人眼可见的边缘。典型的水熊虫体长约0.5毫米，最大的也不到2毫米)”可知，本段以列数字的方式介绍了水熊虫的存在历史以及水熊虫的躯体特征。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“To endure environmental stress, tardigrades suspend their metabolism (新陈代谢) through a process called cryptobiosis.(为了承受环境压力，水熊虫通过一种被称为隐生的过程暂停新陈代谢)”可知，水熊虫可以在极端条件下生存是因为它们减缓了新陈代谢。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The 12-day mission proved that exposure to the vacuum (真空) was no problem for them, and the lack of gravity had little effect, either. Some tardigrades even laid eggs during the mission. Research has shown tardigrades can survive roughly 1,000 times more radiation than a human.(这次为期12天的任务证明，暴露在真空中对它们来说没有问题，而且没有重力也没有什么影响。一些水熊虫甚至在任务期间产卵。研究表明，水熊虫的生存能力是人类的1000倍)”可知，当水熊虫面临压力或真空时，它们几乎不受缺乏重力的影响。故选 D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chinese scientists have decoded the key mechanisms that make tardigrades radiation-resistant, which could shed light on how to make human beings stronger against radiation and how to incrnease the stress tolerance of human cells in the future, according to a study published in the journal Science in Octobern 2024.(根据2024年10月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家已经破译了水熊虫抗辐射的关键机制，这可能会揭示如何使人类更强地抵抗辐射，以及如何在未来提高人体细胞的耐受力)”可知，中国科学家研究的重要性是其发现可以应用于帮助人类。故选 A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $