专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学・期末） In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud (泥) skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. . Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal — they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes? The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn. The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable. She says, “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage? A．They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events. B．They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future. C．They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. D．They might cause substantial temperature changes. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis. B．Rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts. C．Mud has become architects’ favourite building material. D．The mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live in. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization B．Construction Industry Threatens Climate Goals C．Modern Architecture Survives Extreme Weather D．Ancient Material Makes for Future House Designs 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萨那古城中独特的泥制建筑，包括其历史、特点、优势以及在现代建筑中的潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal—they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. (不难理解为何这些泥制建筑仍未失去其魅力——它们隔热性好、可持续性强，且非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会联合创始人Damluji说道)”可知，泥土材料被视为未来可持续建筑的潜在选择。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable.( Damluji认为，古老的泥土材料可能是混凝土的理想可持续替代品。用泥土建造对环境的影响非常小，且材料本身完全可回收)”以及“An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise.(另一个好处是，泥制建筑在冬天保暖、夏天凉爽。这减少了空调设备的需求，而空调设备会消耗大量电力，并含有构成温室气体排放的制冷剂。泥制建筑还极其坚固，能够抵御热浪、洪水和干旱等极端天气，科学家表示，随着气温持续上升，这些极端天气将变得更加频繁和剧烈。)”可知，文章中提到泥土建筑是可持续的，且用泥土建造对环境的影响非常小，材料本身完全可回收。此外，泥制建筑在极端天气下表现出色，且能减少空调设备的需求，从而降低温室气体排放。这些都表明泥土是一种应对气候危机的潜在解决方案。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.(因此，希望住在现代、舒适住宅中的人应考虑泥制住宅。总的来说，它实现了高度先进且可持续的设计。)”以及全文内容可知，作者提到了生土建筑的多个优点，如可持续性、低环境影响、材料可回收性以及在极端天气下的出色表现等。这些描述都表明作者对生土建筑持支持态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes?(随着世界各地建筑师寻求建造能够抵御洪水肆虐和酷暑等极端天气的可持续建筑，他们正在复兴生土建筑。这种古老的建筑形式能否影响我们未来住宅的设计呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了古老的泥土材料如何成为未来可持续建筑的理想选择，并详细描述了其优点和在现代建筑中的应用潜力。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县二中・期末） For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows. For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression. Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.” Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression. 5．How did the researchers reach their conclusion? A．By analyzing a mass of data. B．By conducting genetic research. C．By comparing various levels of activity. D．By tracking the subjects for many years. 6．What does the study show about depression? A．Physical activity betters medical treatment. B．Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it. C．Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same. D．Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment. 7．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Harmful. B．Complex. C．Unusual. D．Common. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To discuss a disease. B．To introduce a method. C．To analyze a genetic risk. D．To explain a phenomenon. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于锻炼有助于减少和预防抑郁症的研究。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them.”（在这项研究中，研究人员收集了近8000人的相关信息，发现那些携带相关基因的人在接下来的两年内更有可能患上抑郁症。）可知，研究者们收集和研究了近8000人的信息，由此可推知，他们是通过分析大量资料来得出结论的。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky”（我们的研究结果强烈表明，当涉及到抑郁症时，体育锻炼有可能消除那些有着遗传基因风险的个体未来发作的额外风险）和“On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”（平均而言，每天大约35分钟的额外的体育活动，可以帮助人们降低患抑郁症的风险，防止未来发生抑郁症。）可知，研究表明，体育锻炼能够降低患抑郁症的风险，防止未来抑郁症发作。故选B。 7．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Depression is a common mental illness globally”（抑郁症是全球常见的精神疾病）可知，抑郁症很常见，结合划线词所在句“Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible”（抑郁症如此ubiquitous，这就突显出对有效的、能影响尽可能多的人的方法的需要）可知，ubiquitous与上一句中的common同义，表示“常见的、普通的”。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise.”（对于患有抑郁症的人来说，他们应该使用一种纯天然的治疗方法——多锻炼。）和全文内容可知，文章主要讲的是锻炼有助于减少和预防抑郁症的发生，由此可知，本文写作目的是介绍一种减少和预防抑郁症的策略。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中北校区・期末） Think about the last time you did something that you found difficult. Was it working out a puzzle or working hard on your math homework? Can you remember the expression you had on your face? Most people will press their lips together and frown (皱眉) when they are doing something they find difficult. This is normally seen as a sign of effort. Now we’ve found that it can also say more than that. A recent study at the University of Portsmouth in England suggests that the human expression of effort and frustration is our way of asking others for help. Scientists at the university gave children and chimpanzees (黑猩猩) an impossible puzzle to work out. When the children couldn’t work out the puzzle, their faces expressed determination and effort. The chimpanzees’ did not. Humans and chimpanzees have many facial expressions that share the same meaning. A human smile is the same as a chimpanzee showing its teeth in happiness. Scientists believe that over time, humans have evolved to use this facial expression to ask for help. We have also learned to respond to it by offering help. According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a well-known professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, only 7% of human communication happens through words and 55% is through body language. Therefore, understanding expressions is second nature to human beings. With this in mind, next time you see a person with a frustrated expression, listen to your heart and stop to lend them a hand. 9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Frowning. B．The expression. C．Something difficult. D．A sign of effort. 10．According to the recent study, people’s expression of effort or frustration tells others that ________. A．they need help B．they can do things themselves C．they will give up D．they want to be alone 11．What can we learn from the study? A．Scientists gave the chimpanzees an easy puzzle. B．The chimpanzees smiled as they worked out the puzzle. C．The chimpanzees’ face didn’t show determination or effort. D．The chimpanzees used other expressions to ask for help. 12．Which of the following may Dr. Albert Mehrabian agree with? A．Body language is very important in human communication. B．People don’t like to use words to communicate. C．Human expressions are not a kind of body language. D．Words can’t help much in communication. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人们在做困难事情时的表情所传达的信息，以及与黑猩猩的表情对比，同时提到了肢体语言在人类交流中的重要性。 9．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Can you remember the expression you had on your face? Most people will press their lips together and frown(皱眉)when they are doing something they find difficult. This is normally seen as a sign of effort. (你还记得你脸上的表情吗？大多数人在做他们觉得困难的事情时，都会抿紧嘴唇和皱眉。这通常被视为努力的表现)”可知上文提到了脸上的表情，可推理出划线词“it”指的是“表情”。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A recent study at the University of Portsmouth in England suggests that the human expression of effort and frustration is our way of asking others for help.(英国朴茨茅斯大学最近的一项研究表明，人类努力和挫折的表情是我们向他人寻求帮助的方式)”可知，人们努力或沮丧的表情告诉别人他们需要帮助。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“When the children couldn’t work out the puzzle, their faces expressed determination and effort. The chimpanzees’ did not.(当孩子们解不出谜题时，他们的脸上表现出决心和努力。黑猩猩没有)”可知，从研究中我们可以了解到黑猩猩的脸没有显示出决心或努力。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a well- known professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, only 7% of human communication happens through words and55% is through body language.(据加州大学洛杉矶分校著名心理学教授阿尔伯特·梅拉比安博士称，人类交流只有7%是通过语言进行的，而55%是通过肢体语言进行的)”可推知，阿尔伯特·梅拉比安博士可能会同意肢体语言在人际交往中非常重要。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳涪城绵阳中学・期末） At the Game Awards (TGA) 2024, Black Myth: Wukong achieved several “breakthrough” in Chinese gaming history. This Chinese hit video game has taken the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its release. The game is inspired by the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court. Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for foreign players. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with pinyin. To bridge these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West. Many others immersed themselves in the story by checking out TV shows, anime and online forums. Through this process, western players have not only improved their gaming skills but also developed a deeper appreciation for Sun Wukong and Journey to the West. “Although many people might compare Sun Wukong to Western superheroes, I believe they are different,” said Patrick from the US. “Sun Wukong has a carefree and independent nature, unlimited by the need to set a good example for others like Spider-Man, who by contrast follows principles like ’with great power comes great responsibility’.” Journey to the West offers a comprehensive narrative that covers a very dangerous journey, numerous encounters and the exploration of various cultures, making it a rich source for diverse storytelling types and cultural backgrounds. Perhaps these are some of the key reasons why Journey to the West has been translated into over a dozen languages, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. 13．What is the Destined One in paragraph 2? A．The fictional main character of the game. B．The nickname of Sun Wukong in the game. C．One of the adventures to collect the six Relics. D．One of the six Relics belonging to the Celestial Court. 14．What does the underlined word “bridge” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Take control of. B．Get rid of. C．Lose track of. D．Take advantage of. 15．What can be learned about the game from the passage? A．It has gradually gained popularity among players worldwide. B．Its original character Sun Wukong is similar to western superheroes. C．It is hard for foreign players due to their unfamiliarity with Chinese culture. D．It has been translated into many languages with numerous versions available worldwide. 16．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A Chinese hit video game and its original novel Journey to the West. B．Reasons behind the success of Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong. C．The benefits Black Myth: Wukong brings to the spread of Chinese culture. D．The cultural impact and western players’ reception of a Chinese hit video game. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国热门视频游戏《黑神话：悟空》的文化影响及西方玩家的反响。 13．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court. (在游戏中，玩家扮演Destined One，踏上冒险之旅，收集曾属于孙悟空的六件法宝，并向天庭发起挑战)”可知，Destined One指的是游戏中的虚构主角。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for foreign players. (这款游戏的故事情节和角色根植于近1000年的中国丰富文化遗产，对于外国玩家来说理解起来颇具难度)”和第四段中“To bridge these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West. Many others immersed themselves in the story by checking out TV shows, anime and online forums. (为了bridge这些文化鸿沟，一位爱好者撰写了一份200页的大纲，详细阐述了孙悟空在《西游记》100章中的能力。许多其他人则通过观看电视剧、动漫和参与在线论坛来沉浸于这个故事)”可知，游戏的故事情节和人物对外国玩家来说很难理解。一位爱好者撰写了一份200页的大纲，详细阐述了孙悟空在《西游记》100章中的能力，是为了弥合文化鸿沟，消除文化障碍。bridge在此处意为“消除（文化障碍）”，与选项B“Get rid of (除去)”意思相符。故选B。 15．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for foreign players. (这款游戏的故事情节和角色根植于近1000年的中国丰富文化遗产，对于外国玩家来说理解起来颇具难度)”可知，这款游戏因为外国玩家对中国文化的不熟悉而对他们来说很难。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“At the Game Awards (TGA) 2024, Black Myth: Wukong achieved several “breakthrough” in Chinese gaming history. This Chinese hit video game has taken the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its release. (在2024年游戏大奖（TGA）上，《黑神话：悟空》在中国游戏史上取得了多项“突破性”成就。这款在中国大热的视频游戏一经发布，便迅速席卷了整个游戏界，在所有平台上仅三天内就售出了超过1000万份)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国热门视频游戏《黑神话：悟空》以及它在西方玩家中的反响和文化影响。因此，文章的主旨大意是“一款中国热门视频游戏的文化影响以及西方玩家的反响”。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州天府中学・期末） A small Swedish study found evidence of increased melatonin (褪黑素) in healthy adults who used a weighted blanket before bed. For many people who struggle with anxiety and poor sleep, weighted blankets are one cozy, wellness luxury well worth the small investment. Many shoppers swear by the calming benefits of weighted blankets, reporting better sleep, lower stress and anxiety, and overall increased feelings of relaxation. But scientifically speaking, there aren’t many studies to confirm the benefits of lying under a weighted blanket. That’s why researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden carry out a small study to find out whether using a weighted blanket — compared to using a light blanket — can actually help boost sleep-promoting chemicals, such as melatonin and oxytocin. Twenty-six young, healthy adults participated in the study. In stage one they were covered with a weighted blanket (weighing about 12 percent of their body weight) for one hour before bedtime, followed by an eight-hour sleep window. Researchers collected saliva (唾液) samples during the pre-sleep hour to measure changes in melatonin and other hormone (荷尔蒙) materials. In stage two, participants were covered with a light blanket (2.4 percent of their body weight) for the night. In the end, the results found that when participants laid under a weighted blanket for an hour before bedtime, they showed about a 32 percent increase in salivary melatonin compared to when they used the lighter blanket. “Our study is the first to suggest that using a weighted blanket may result in a more significant release of melatonin at bedtime,” the study says, adding that more studies are needed to find whether more melatonin will be produced during a whole night’s sleep when frequently using a weighted blanket over weeks to months. While this study is quite small and just a first step exploring the health benefits of weighted blankets, it does suggest that this cozy blanket may indeed positively promote sleep. 17．Why are people who struggle with sleep problems mentioned? A．To introduce the participants of the experiment. B．To illustrate the reason of the experiment. C．To show the conclusion of the experiment. D．To warn the influence of bad sleeping. 18．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Change. B．Reduce. C．Carry. D．Improve. 19．What can we learn about the experiment? A．It lasts at least for 8 hours. B．It is successful and there is no need to carry on. C．It suggests a weighted blanket may result in a better sleep. D．It reveals more melatonin is produced during a whole night’s sleep. 20．What could be the best title for the text? A．How to Have a Good Sleep B．A Weighted Blanket or a Light One C．A Study on Sleep Regulation D．Melatonin and Sleep 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲的是研究发现，与使用轻便毯子相比，在睡前使用加重毯子一小时可以显著提高唾液中的褪黑素水平，从而可能有助于改善睡眠。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段“For many people who struggle with anxiety and poor sleep, weighted blankets are one cozy, wellness luxury well worth the small investment. Many shoppers swear by the calming benefits of weighted blankets, reporting better sleep, lower stress and anxiety, and overall increased feelings of relaxation.(对于许多与焦虑和睡眠不佳作斗争的人来说，加重毯子是一种舒适、健康的奢侈品，值得小额投资。许多购物者坚信加重毯子的镇静作用，报告说睡眠更好，压力和焦虑更低，总体上放松感更强。)”和第三段“But scientifically speaking, there aren’t many studies to confirm the benefits of lying under a weighted blanket.(但从科学角度讲，并没有很多研究证实躺在加重的毯子下的好处。)”可知，对许多深受睡眠困扰的人来说，盖重的被子会让他们睡得更好，这只是他们的经验之谈，并没有科学证据支撑，有必要设计实验来证明。所以提到有睡眠问题的人就是为了说明进行这个实验的原因。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A small Swedish study found evidence of increased melatonin (褪黑素) in healthy adults who used a weighted blanket before bed.(瑞典的一项小型研究发现，睡前使用加重毯子的健康成年人褪黑激素增加。)”，第三段“That’s why researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden carry out a small study to find out whether using a weighted blanket — compared to using a light blanket — can actually help boost sleep-promoting chemicals, such as melatonin and oxytocin.(这就是为什么瑞典乌普萨拉大学的研究人员进行了一项小型研究，以找出使用加重的毯子——与使用轻毯子相比——是否真的有助于boost睡眠的化学物质，如褪黑素和催产素)”可知，这里研究的目的是为了找出加重毯子是否能帮助促进睡眠的化学物质，划线词boost的意思是“增加”，和improve意思相近。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第六段“Our study is the first to suggest that using a weighted blanket may result in a more significant release of melatonin at bedtime(我们的研究首次表明，使用加重的毯子可能会导致睡前释放更多的褪黑激素)”可知，研究表明，加重的毯子可能会导致睡前释放更多的褪黑激素，可能会带来更好的睡眠。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A small Swedish study found evidence of increased melatonin (褪黑素) in healthy adults who used a weighted blanket before bed.(瑞典的一项小型研究发现，睡前使用加重毯子的健康成年人褪黑激素增加。)”和第三段“That’s why researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden carry out a small study to find out whether using a weighted blanket — compared to using a light blanket — can actually help boost sleep-promoting chemicals, such as melatonin and oxytocin.(这就是为什么瑞典乌普萨拉大学的研究人员进行了一项小型研究，以找出使用加重的毯子——与使用轻毯子相比——是否真的有助于增加促进睡眠的化学物质，比如褪黑素和催产素)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，与使用轻便毯子相比，在睡前使用加重毯子一小时可以显著提高唾液中的褪黑素水平，从而可能有助于改善睡眠，因此最好的题目是B选项“A Weighted Blanket or a Light One(加重毛毯还是轻毛毯)”。故选B。 Passage 6 （24-25 高一上・四川自贡一中・期末） Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 21．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 22．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 23．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对蒙娜丽莎画像的研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand.(达·芬奇的世界名画《蒙娜丽莎》启发了蒙娜丽莎效应：无论你站在哪里，画中的主体总是直视着你)”和第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，第一段提出了文章的主题，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段“Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them, they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally between them and the screen.(霍斯特曼和他的助手让24名参与者评估蒙娜丽莎的凝视。他们没有简单地询问每位参与者是否觉得蒙娜丽莎在看着他们，而是将这幅画显示在电脑屏幕上，并让参与者用放在他们和屏幕之间水平放置的两米长的尺子测量凝视的方向)”和第四段“The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face.(参与者和电脑屏幕之间的距离保持不变，为66厘米，但在整个试验过程中，尺子被移近和移远屏幕。研究人员还改变了蒙娜丽莎画像的大小和可见区域，以确定对她凝视的感知是否受到她面部特定元素的影响)”可知，研究人员是从不同角度对蒙娜丽莎的凝视进行了评估。故选C。 23．词句猜测题。根据上文“The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距)(要求参与者在30%到70%的不同焦距下对画作做出反应)”可知，看到了只包括她的眼睛和鼻子的部分，以及其他显示她整个头部的部分，由此可知，“crops”指的是只包括蒙娜丽莎眼睛和鼻子的画像部分。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在，选项B“蒙娜丽莎真的在看你吗”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸州高中・期末） China is famous for its food culture. There are many stories waiting for us to find out about. Hotpot Chinese people had hotpot as early as the Shang Dynasty (16th century — 11th century BC). At that time, people boiled foods in bronze pots. The pot had two parts — one was the pot to cook food in soup, and the other part was to hold firewood. People in the Han Dynasty (206 BC — AD 220) divided pots into several parts to enjoy different flavors. Yuan Mei was a poet and foodie in the Qing Dynasty (1644 — 1911). He mentioned huoguo, the Chinese name for hotpot, in a book about all kinds of food. At that time, hotpot was very popular. People put all kinds of meat and vegetables into the hotpot. It’s said that Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty loved hotpot. He had it for almost every meal. He once held a big hotpot feast and invited more than 5,000 people to enjoy 1,550 hotpots! Dongpo pork Su Dongpo (Su Shi) was a poet who lived during the Song Dynasty (960 — 1279). He was the first to make this dish. When he was a local official in Huangzhou, Hubei, he fell in love with cooking pork. In his article Ode to Pork, Su described exactly how to cook it. According to folk stories the dish became well-known when Su went to Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to take office. One day, there was a terrible flood (水灾) and Su went out to help people. He worked very hard and everyone praised him. They heard that he loved eating pork, so they gave him a lot of it. But Su wanted to give it back. He cooked the pork in his own special way. Then he gave the dish to every family in the city and every worker on the street. Very soon the dish became famous in Hangzhou and got the name “Dongpo pork”. Chopsticks For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules and traditions. Generally, people should not make noise with chopsticks. Playing with chopsticks is seen as bad manners, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country would be rude. Also, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl. Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck. You should not tap chopsticks on the edge of the bowl either, as beggars do this to ask for food. Parents might get angry if children do this as they don’t want their children to be as poor as beggars in the future. 25．Hotpot was first described as “huoguo” in ________. A．Shang Dynasty B．Qing Dynasty C．Han Dynasty D．Song Dynasty 26．“Dongpo Pork” became famous when ________. A．Su was a local official in Huangzhou B．Su’s article Ode to Pork came out C．Su fell in love with cooking D．Su gave the dish to every family in the city 27．Which of the following is NOT seen as bad manners? A．Make noise with chopsticks. B．Chopsticks are left standing upright in a bowl. C．Tap chopsticks on the edge of the bowl. D．Use the chopsticks with the left hand. 28．The writer writes this passage to ________. A．show Chinese table manners B．introduce some famous Chinese dishes C．show the development of Chinese eating habits D．introduce the stories of Chinese food culture 【答案】25．B 26．D 27．D 28．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火锅、东坡肉以及筷子有关的饮食故事。 25．细节理解题。根据Hotpot标题下第二段“Yuan Mei was a poet and foodie in the Qing Dynasty (1644 — 1911). He mentioned huoguo, the Chinese name for hotpot, in a book about all kinds of food.(袁枚是清朝（1644 - 1911）的诗人和美食家。他在一本关于各种食物的书中提到了火锅)”可知，火锅最早被称为“火锅”是在清朝。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据Dongpo pork部分中“Then he gave the dish to every family in the city and every worker on the street. Very soon the dish became famous in Hangzhou and got the name “Dongpo pork”.(然后他就把这道菜分给城里的家家户户和街上的工人。这道菜很快在杭州出名，并被称为“东坡肉”)”可知，“东坡肉”在苏轼把这道菜送到城里的每家每户后就出名了。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Playing with chopsticks is seen as bad manners, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country would be rude. Also, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl. Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck. You should not tap chopsticks on the edge of the bowl either, as beggars do this to ask for food.(玩筷子被视为不礼貌，就像在西方国家玩刀叉是粗鲁的行为一样。此外，有些人认为筷子不应该直立在碗里。人们认为在餐桌上这样做会带来厄运。你也不应该用筷子轻敲碗的边缘，因为乞丐这样做是为了要食物)”可知，只有用左手使用筷子不被视为不礼貌。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“China is famous for its food culture. There are many stories waiting for us to find out about.(中国以其饮食文化而闻名。有很多故事等着我们去发现)”结合文章主要介绍了火锅、东坡肉以及筷子有关的饮食故事。可知，作者写这篇文章是为了介绍中国饮食文化的故事。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中北校区・期末） Online English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the internet — but in forms very different to what we accept and recognize as English today. That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly, they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent (口音). Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English, Spanish English and Korean English. While these different styles have long existed within their cultures, they’ re now expanding and coming online. Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large companies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language — English — to reach global customers. The increasing popularity of the internet allows more languages to develop quickly. “Most people actually speak several languages — it’s less common to only speak one,” says Mr. Munro. “English has taken its place as the world’s common language, but it’s not pushing out other languages.” Instead, other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new. 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．There are now many different language styles. B．English is a common language around the world. C．English language is developing with the Internet. D．Smaller businesses are learning a common language. 2．Which of the following is NOT true about online communication? A．Grammar is not so important. B．People need to spell accurately. C．People do not care about their accent. D．Most English-speakers are not native speakers. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．We can only communicate online in English. B．Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites. C．It’s impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary. D．Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries. 4．What can we learn from what Mr. Munro said? A．Other languages are enriching English. B．Chinese used to be the world’s common language. C．English will become the only language in the world. D．One can’t live well without speaking several languages. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了互联网英语已经成为来自世界最普通的语言，同时英语也在发生着变化。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the internet-but informs very different to what we accept and recognize as English today.(一些语言专家预测，在10年内，英语将占据互联网，但与我们今天接受和认可的英语信息大不相同。)”和最后一段“Instead, other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new.(相反，其他语言正在推动进入英语，并在此过程中创造新的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍英语随着网络在发展。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“particularly on the internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent.(特别是在互联网上，对语法和拼写的关注较少，用户不必担心他们的口音。)”可知，在网络交流中人们不需要准确地拼写。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary.(科技公司正在推出新开发的英语单词，其产品旨在使用户能够添加尚未在英语词典中出现的单词。)”可知，不可能在字典里面找到所有的单词。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Instead, other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new.(相反，其他语言正在推动进入英语，并在此过程中创造新的东西。)”可知，Mr. Munro 认为其他语言正在丰富英语。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸化中学・期末） When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us distract and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand. Another possible cure for a short attention span (持续时间) is brain training. Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get down to business and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nili Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer. There are more practical tips on keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. But according to Science Focus magazine, “if we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.” 5．What do the underlined words “stay in the zone” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stay focused. B．Keep steady. C．Stay calm. D．Be careful. 6．How can we extend attention span? A．To do visual task. B．To make the task easier. C．To train processing distraction. D．To keep your mind busy. 7．What information does the last paragraph convey? A．It’s hard to get rid of distraction. B．Distraction isn’t all bad. C．Staying focused can avoid dangers. D．Being sensitive to changes is important. 8．Why does the author write this passage? A．To discuss the phenomenon of daydreaming. B．To show the harm of distraction. C．To offer help in keeping concentrated. D．To introduce the newest study results. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助我们保持专注的方法。 5．词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration.”（最明显的事情之一是消除噪音。《科学焦点》杂志的研究发现，沉默最有利于注意力的集中。）可知，下文介绍了保持专注的方法之一是消除噪音，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是科学家们找到了一些方法来帮助我们保持专注，方法之一是消除噪音，“Stay focused”意为“保持专注”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Another possible cure for a short attention span (持续时间) is brain training.”（另一种可能治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。）和“So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.”（因此，让你的大脑保持忙碌可能是答案。）可知，治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。我们可以通过让大脑保持忙碌状态来延长注意力持续时间，由此可知，延长注意力持续时间的方法是让你的大脑忙碌起来。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“But according to Science Focus magazine, “if we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.””（但据《科学聚焦》杂志称，“如果我们总是如此专注，以至于从不分心，我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化，例如威胁。分心对生存至关重要。”）可知，分心可以让我们意识到环境中的潜在变化，例如威胁，这对生存至关重要，由此可知，最后一段内容告诉我们分心并不全是坏事，分心可以让我们意识到环境中的潜在变化，对生存至关重要。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration.”（最明显的事情之一是消除噪音。《科学焦点》杂志的研究发现，沉默最有利于注意力的集中。）、第三段关键句“Another possible cure for a short attention span (持续时间) is brain training.”（另一种可能治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。）和第四段关键句“There are more practical tips on keeping your mind focused.”（关于保持注意力集中，还有更多实用的技巧。）可知，文章主要介绍了一些帮助我们保持专注的方法，例如消除噪音和大脑训练等，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是帮助我们保持注意力集中。故选C项。 Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川泸州合江马街中学・期末） It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, french fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. "Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that harm their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive（冲动的）behaviors, "said Amy Reichelt, a brain specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety. ” Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex（前额皮质）is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature—it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine, a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. "It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation, "said Reichelt. Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the"teenage" mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues. Exercise also makes the body to create a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses. 9．What’s the Amy Reichelt’s opinion on junk food? A．Junk food is harmless for adult. B．Junk food affects both teens’ body and brain. C．Junk food is more attractive to adults than teens. D．Junk food has nutrients and does good to teens. 10．Why do adolescents more like junk food than adults in Reichelt’s view? A．Because their brains are not yet fully formed. B．Because junk food contains a lot of fat and sugar. C．Because they know junk food is more nutritious. D．Because it is popular among young people. 11．What conclusion did Reichelt draw from the experiment on the mice? A．High-fat diet makes prefrontal cortex of mice more excited. B．The "teenage" mice are fatter than "adult" mice. C．Junk food may make the "teenage" mice more active. D．Junk food is harmful for memory. 12．What should adolescents do to refuse junk food according to the passage? A．To work out regularly. B．To eat food containing no fat. C．To keep away from food made of potatoes. D．To eat more fruit and vegetables. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了科学家研究表明垃圾食品对青少年身体有害，详细介绍了实验研究过程，并提出了拒绝垃圾食品最好的方法。 9．细节理解题。根据文中第一段中“However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. （然而，吃太多的垃圾食品会对身体造成伤害，尤其是10-19岁的青少年）”可知，垃圾食品对青少年的身体有害，且根据第二段中“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that harm their ability to think, learn and remember. （垃圾食品会对青少年的大脑造成伤害，影响他们思考、学习及记忆能力）”可知，垃圾食品对青少年的大脑有害。故选 B。 10．推理判断题。根据文中第三段中“They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. （他们发现，青少年对于那些脂肪和糖分含量高的加工好的食物更敏感，因为他们的大脑还没完全形成。）”可知，他们发现, 相比其他年龄段的人群, 青少年对高脂高糖的加工食品更为敏感, 因为他们的大脑尚未发育完全。故选 A。 11．细节理解题。根据文中第五段“They discovered that the ‘teenage’ mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. （他们发现, 在记忆测试中, 摄入高脂食物的‘青少年’老鼠, 表现得不如正常饮食的老鼠。研究人员称, 高脂饮食可能会使老鼠的前额皮质降低工作效率。）”可知，垃圾食品对记忆力有所损害，故选 D。 12．细节理解题。根据文中最后一段中“So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues. （因此，拒绝垃圾食品最好的方式是什么呢？研究者建议锻炼是最好的方式。）”可知，拒绝垃圾食品最好的方式是锻炼，故选 A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中南校区・期末） In the summer months, fireflies (萤火虫) become lively, starting their “love stories”. Male fireflies fly around and a part of their belly (腹部) will light up. Then females sitting on the ground look up at the show and flash back to the males they like. They’re not going to mate (交配) unless they’ve exchanged these light signals (信号). Firefly species have performed that for millions of years, lit only by the moon. Now humans are damaging their feelings, turning on street lights and LEDs at the fireflies’ summer party. In the firefly world, it’s the females who are particularly turned off by man-made light. Owens, a researcher at Harvard University, led studies in experimental conditions and field conditions and found that male fireflies often keep flashing (闪光) under street lights and other kinds of overhead light, while female fireflies, active at night, basically shut down and stop reacting. “Probably because they just can’t see the males very well,” Owens explained. “Typically male fireflies are looking down. Female fireflies are looking up at street lights and other light sources. ”In lab conditions, not one of 20 pairs mated successfully under bright lights, while about half of firefly couples mated successfully in natural dim light. In the last decade, the night sky became twice as bright due to the increasing use of LEDs, Owens said, which hurts the populations of fireflies. Sadly, no fireflies are protected under the Endangered Species Act presently. “I like people to think about firefly extinction (灭绝) as sitting in a room of candles, and it’s beautiful," said Sara Lewis, a professor of biology at Tufts University. “And if one or two of those candles went out, you probably don’t even notice it, but if that continues, eventually you are left sitting in complete darkness.” 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Exchanging light signals of love. B．Telling their love stories. C．Mating and raising babies. D．Holding summer parties. 2．What is a serious danger of man-made light to fireflies? A．It makes the female blind. B．It stops the female from reacting. C．It causes them to get lost. D．It forces the male to shut off. 3．What influences the success of firefly mating according to the research? A．The size of male and female. B．The male and female mating time. C．The brightness of surrounding light. D．The number of firefly couples. 4．What does Sara Lewis say about the firefly extinction? A．It will surely happen eventually. B．It produces a beautiful story. C．It will come if nothing is done. D．It happens in a room of candles. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类对萤火虫生活环境的干扰以及对萤火虫种群的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Then females sitting on the ground look up at the show and flash back to the males they like. They’re not going to mate(交配)unless they’ve exchanged these light signals(信号).(然后，坐在地上的雌性会抬头看这场表演，并回想起它们喜欢的雄性。除非它们交换了这些光信号，否则它们不会交配。)”可知，萤火虫只有在交换表达爱意的光信号后才会交配；根据第二段中划线词所在句的“Firefly species have performed that for millions of years, lit only by the moon. Now humans are damaging their feelings, turning on street lights and LEDs at the fireflies’ summer party.(数百万年来，萤火虫一直在月光下这样做。现在，在萤火虫的夏季派对上路灯和LED灯的打开人类正在伤害它们的感情。)”可知，人造光源的出现对于萤火虫的交配带来了不利的影响，而在以往月光没有影响萤火虫的交配，即它们交换表达爱意的光信号已经有着很久的历史了；句中划线词that指代第一段中的“exchanged these light signals”，指“交换表达爱意的光信号”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In the firefly world, it’s the females who are particularly turned off by man-made light. Owens, a researcher at Harvard University, led studies in experimental conditions and field conditions and found that male fireflies often keep flashing(闪光)under street lights and other kinds of overhead light, while female fireflies, active at night, basically shut down and stop reacting.(在萤火虫的世界里，雌性萤火虫尤其不喜欢人造光。欧文斯是哈佛大学的一名研究人员，他在实验条件和野外条件下进行了研究，发现雄性萤火虫在路灯和其他顶灯下经常保持闪光，而在夜间活动的雌性萤火虫，基本上不会活动并停止做出反应。) ”可知，在路灯和其它顶灯下，在夜间活动的雌性萤火虫，基本上不会活动并停止做出反应；由此可知，人造光对萤火虫的严重危害在于它阻止了雌性做出反应。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In lab conditions, not one of 20 pairs mated successfully under bright lights, while about half of firefly couples mated successfully in natural dim light.(在实验室条件下，20对萤火虫中没有一对在明亮的光线下成功交配，而在自然昏暗的光线下，大约有一半的雌雄萤火虫成功交配。)”可知，影响萤火虫交配成功的因素是周围光线的亮度。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘I like people to think about firefly extinction as sitting in a room of candles, and it’s beautiful,’ said Sara Lewis, a professor of biology at Tufts University. ‘And if one or two of those candles went out, you probably don’t even notice it, but if that continues, eventually you are left sitting in complete darkness.’(‘我喜欢人们把萤火虫灭绝想象成坐在摆满蜡烛的房间里，这很美’。塔夫茨大学生物学教授Sara Lewis说：‘如果其中一两根蜡烛熄灭了，你可能甚至都不会注意到，但如果这种情况持续下去，最终你会坐在完全黑暗的地方。’)”可知，Sara Lewis认为如果不采取任何措施的话，萤火虫最终可能会灭绝。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学・期末） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 5．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 6．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 7．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 8．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要就袋鼠在澳大利亚的影响展开讨论，介绍了其经济与生态效益，以及对于袋鼠管理的不同观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. (支持者指出，低脂、高蛋白袋鼠肉比释放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保)”可知，袋鼠是比绵羊和牛更环保的动物，即相对而言袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” (新南威尔士州尤因人Dwayne Bannon Harrison表示，袋鼠正在摧毁这个国家的想法是可笑的。他说：“它们在这片土地上行走的时间比人们长得多。”。“在这里存在了数千年的物种怎么会“摧毁”这个国家？我不明白其中的逻辑。”)”可知，Dwayne Bannon认为在这片土地上，袋鼠比人类存在的时间更长，即袋鼠本来就生活在这里，所以Dwayne Bannon不同意杀死袋鼠。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. (如果袋鼠比牛或羊更有价值，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作进行品牌、营销和质量控制。政府的作用将是监督和监管)”可知，私有化之后，土地所有者可以与袋鼠产业在各方面进行合作，同时得到政府的监督和监管，即私有化会使得袋鼠产业得到更好的管理。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. (根据政府官方数据，袋鼠的数量是澳大利亚人的两倍多，许多澳大利亚人认为它们很危险)”。第二段“It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy.(人们认为，杀死袋鼠对促进经济发展至关重要)”以及最后一段“George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access.(澳大利亚国立大学教授乔治·威尔逊说，如果袋鼠是私人所有的，那么牧场主就会保护这些动物，把它们当作财产)”可知，文章开头提出问题，袋鼠使得人们面临危机，后文提出不同的解决方法，所以文章的写作目的是为袋鼠造成的问题提供解决方案。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川叙永一中・期末） Trust me, you don’t want to get caught under a tsunami! Tsunamis are one of the world’s most powerful natural forces. They can cause huge amounts of damage. But do you know exactly what a tsunami is? They are huge, powerful waves in the ocean that grow as they reach the shore. Most tsunamis are actually caused by earthquakes. An earthquake happens when a big piece of the Earth’s crust (地壳) suddenly moves. When the piece of ocean floor moves, it creates big holes. The water floods in to fill these holes. When the water moves that quickly, it creates a huge wave. This is how tsunamis are born! Other natural disasters like landslides, volcanic eruptions, and glaciers breaking off can also cause tsunamis. Once the water starts moving because of the force of the disaster, large waves begin to spread. These waves can move very fast. They have been recorded at speeds from 400 up to 500 miles per hour! They can also move across very long distances. At first, the waves of the tsunami may not seem that tall. That’s because when the waves travel through the deep parts of the ocean, the top of each wave is very short. But as that wave comes near to the coast, it grows in height. Remember, the tsunami travels quickly. If you are sitting on a beach, you may not see the wave coming at first. But when the wave arrives, it will be like a towering wall of water. Some waves are as tall as 100 feet high. The biggest tsunami ever recorded happened in 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska. The wave was over 1, 720 feet tall, and it wiped out trees, vegetation, and everything else in its way. As frightening as tsunamis can be, you don’t need to worry too much about them. They don’t happen that often. Only about two tsunamis happen every year. And it is said that serious, really damaging tsunamis only happen about every fifteen years. So don’t worry. 9．According to the article, which natural disaster is not responsible for causing a tsunami? A．Tornadoes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Earthquakes. D．Landslides. 10．If a tsunami forms in the deep ocean, 2, 000 miles off the coast of Sri Lanka, how long at least will it take the tsunami to reach the coast of SriLanka ? A．1 hours. B．2 hours. C．4 hours. D．6 hours. 11．Which of the following about tsunami is TRUE? A．The waves of the tsunami always move slowly over a long distance. B．People on a ship in the deep ocean will notice a tsunami at once as soon as it forms. C．If you are sitting on a beach, you must see the wave coming at first. D．People will not notice a tsunami until it gets close to the coast. 12．Where would this passage most likely to be found? A．In a music magazine. B．In a science newspaper. C．In a travel guide. D．In a story book. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最强大的自然力量之一——海啸，介绍了其相关信息，产生原因和摧毁能力等。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Other natural disasters like landslides, volcanic eruptions, and glaciers breaking off can also cause tsunamis. (其他自然灾害，如山体滑坡、火山爆发和冰川断裂也会引发海啸。)”可知，山体滑坡、火山爆发和冰川断裂都会引发海啸。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They have been recorded at speeds from 400 up to 500 miles per hour! They can also move across very long distances.( 它们的速度从每小时400英里到500英里不等！它们也可以移动很长的距离。)”可知，海啸的速度最快为500英里每小时，由此判断，如果海啸在离斯里兰卡海岸2000英里的深海中形成，那么海啸至少需要：2000÷500=4小时才能到达斯里兰卡海岸。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“If you are sitting on a beach, you may not see the wave coming at first. But when the wave arrives, it will be like a towering wall of water. (如果你坐在沙滩上，一开始你可能看不到海浪。但当波浪到来时，它将像一座高耸的水墙。有些海浪高达100英尺。)”可知，如果人们坐在沙滩上，一开始并不能看到海啸，直到波浪到来。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Trust me, you don’t want to get caught under a tsunami! Tsunamis are one of the world’s most powerful natural forces. They can cause huge amounts of damage. (相信我，你不会想被海啸困住的!海啸是世界上最强大的自然力量之一。它们会造成巨大的伤害。)”、第二段“But do you know exactly what a tsunami is? They are huge, powerful waves in the ocean that grow as they reach the shore. (但是你知道海啸到底是什么吗？)”、第四段“At first, the waves of the tsunami may not seem that tall. (起初，海啸的波浪似乎没有那么高。)”以及最后一段“As frightening as tsunamis can be, you don’t need to worry too much about them. They don’t happen that often. Only about two tsunamis happen every year. And it is said that serious, really damaging tsunamis only happen about every fifteen years. So don’t worry. (虽然海啸很可怕，但你不必太过担心。这种事不常发生。每年大约只发生两次海啸。据说，严重的、真正具有破坏性的海啸大约每15年才发生一次。所以不用担心。)”可知，文章主要介绍了海啸的相关知识，由此判断，本文最有可能摘自科学杂志。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川成都锦江嘉祥外国语高中・期末） The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 13．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 14．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 15．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 16．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气候变化对亚马逊雨林中鸟类的影响。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change.(鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态平衡的指标。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings.(同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。)”可知，约33%的物种长出更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，故选A。 15．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size(他们认为，体型较小的鸟类或许更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，体型较小的动物，其体表面积与身体大小的比率更大。)”可知，较小动物散发热量更快，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与give off（散发）的词义一致 。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds.(然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处。)”可知，研究人员可能会进一步研究鸟类翅膀长度变化的好处。故选D。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川自贡一中・期末） Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 1．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 2．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 3．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对蒙娜丽莎画像的研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand.(达·芬奇的世界名画《蒙娜丽莎》启发了蒙娜丽莎效应：无论你站在哪里，画中的主体总是直视着你)”和第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，第一段提出了文章的主题，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them, they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally between them and the screen.(霍斯特曼和他的助手让24名参与者评估蒙娜丽莎的凝视。他们没有简单地询问每位参与者是否觉得蒙娜丽莎在看着他们，而是将这幅画显示在电脑屏幕上，并让参与者用放在他们和屏幕之间水平放置的两米长的尺子测量凝视的方向)”和第四段“The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face.(参与者和电脑屏幕之间的距离保持不变，为66厘米，但在整个试验过程中，尺子被移近和移远屏幕。研究人员还改变了蒙娜丽莎画像的大小和可见区域，以确定对她凝视的感知是否受到她面部特定元素的影响)”可知，研究人员是从不同角度对蒙娜丽莎的凝视进行了评估。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距)(要求参与者在30%到70%的不同焦距下对画作做出反应)”可知，看到了只包括她的眼睛和鼻子的部分，以及其他显示她整个头部的部分，由此可知，“crops”指的是只包括蒙娜丽莎眼睛和鼻子的画像部分。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在，选项B“蒙娜丽莎真的在看你吗”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县五中・期末） Children are more creative when they learn in natural surroundings, according to new research from Curtin University. Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes. Dr Paul Gardner and Sonja Kuzich from Curtin’s School of Education ran comparative trials with 10-year-old students in both countries and the results, recently published in the Cambridge Journal of Education, gave a big thumbs-up to the positive influence of natural settings. “We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said. In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting. Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school. The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments. 5．Why were the students placed outdoors in nature? A．To get more outdoor exercise. B．To experience nature in depth. C．To understand poems about nature better. D．To prove nature’s effect on creativity. 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The steps of training the children. B．The purpose of performing the test. C．New findings about students’ writing. D．The detailed steps of the experiment. 7．What can we infer about the result of the study? A．Students indoors are not good at poetry. B．Students in Australia prefer to study poetry. C．Students are more creative in a natural environment. D．Students in UK have different writing skill preferences. 8．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Green learning is becoming a trend. B．Further studies are to be carried out. C．Green learning has been applied in school. D．Future research is of little significance. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据一项新研究，孩子们在自然环境中学习时更有创造力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes.(澳大利亚和英国的小学生接受了一项测试，看看在自然的户外环境中写诗是否比在教室里写诗更有创造力，答案是肯定的)”以及第二段中““We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said.(Gardner博士说：“我们发现，那些将自己沉浸在灌木丛或森林环境中直接接触大自然的学生，比那些在课堂上通过照片‘想象’自己身处大自然的作家，在语言上更具描述性和生动性。”)”可知，学生们被安排在户外的自然环境中是为了证明自然对创造力的影响。故选D。 6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting.(共有97名学生参加了这项研究，他们被分为四个教室，其中两个来自英国的小学，另外两个来自西澳大利亚的小学。在每个国家，一个班级参观了一处天然灌木或森林，然后根据他们所看到的、闻到的和感觉到的写一首诗。另一个班看的是一堆相同灌木或森林背景的图像)”可知，第三段主要讲了实验的具体步骤。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“M Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school.(Kuzich女士说，不同班级在使用创造性语言方面的差异很明显，英国森林学生使用比喻性语言的人数是普通班级学生的两倍。在澳大利亚，当把住在丛林里的学生的诗歌与留在学校的学生的诗歌进行比较时，这个数字上升到四倍多)”可推知，学生在自然环境中更有创造力。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments.(研究人员说，现在建议对更大的群体进行进一步的研究，以更好地了解自然空间和学校“绿色学习”的影响。未来的研究可能还需要检查绿色学习是否可以转化为其他学习主题或背景，看看在不同的环境中是否存在流动效应)”可推知，最后一段暗示了将进行进一步的研究。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县五中・期末） It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies (奶奶). An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 9．According to the passage, trouble on the road are often caused by ____________. A．road conditions B．the speed of modern life C．the large number of car D．the behavior of the drivers 10．In the writer’s opinion, ___________. A．drivers should show road politeness properly B．strict traffic rules are badly needed C．unskillful drivers should be punished D．drivers should avoid traffic jams 11．The underlined word “give-and-take” in the passage means __________. A．politeness and impoliteness B．willingness to give in to each other’s wishes C．offering help to others as much as possible D．good manners and bad manners 12．What is the best title of the passage? A．Road Politeness B．Traffic Problems C．Bad Manners on the Road D．Good Drivers and Bad Driver 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 【分析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了道路行车的礼仪正变得越来越糟糕，并指出文明行车势在必行。 9．D细节理解题。根据第一段“but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.”（道路行车礼仪变得越来越糟糕。一个好人，当他手握方向盘开车的时候也可能会成为一只老虎）可知，很多道路上的麻烦都是由司机的不良行为引起的，故选D。 10．A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too”（道路上的礼貌不仅有礼貌的还是有意义的）及第三段第一句“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous”（不合时宜的礼貌行为也会是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应该正确地表现出道路礼貌，故选A。 11．B词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive. ”（如果司机们学会正确地加入车流，而不造成完全的堵塞，从而引起不愉快的感觉，这将会有所帮助。不幸的是，现在的司机甚至不会开车）可知，此处是说专家告诫我们驾车要相互理解，相互尊重，要为对方考虑，要文明驾车，由此可知画线词词义为“为对方考虑、考虑别人的意愿”，故选B。 12．A主旨大意题。文章第一段指出道路行车的礼仪正变得越来越糟糕，第二段第一句指出道路行车礼仪不仅仅是有礼貌的还是有意义的，接下来介绍了一些不恰当的做法，最后提出文明行车势在必行，文章通篇都围绕“道路礼仪”这一话题展开，故A项为最佳答案。 考点：考查社会现象类短文阅读 Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山中学・期末） It is widely accepted that being overweight definitely poses a danger to our health. According to a new study, obesity may even damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars. Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose. The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered to be medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids) or water (as a control). Each group of nutrients was fed directly into the stomach via a feeding tube on separate days. The night before the testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning. As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance(磁共振) imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography(断层扫描技术) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes. In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum(纹状体) slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed. At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated. However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise. Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health. Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity. Much more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if that is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors. 13．What aspects did the researchers mainly focus on in the research? A．Blood sugars and metabolism. B．Diet and environmental factors. C．Nutrients and the digestive system. D．Brain activities and dopamine levels. 14．What are the correct procedures of the study? ①Providing participants with the same nutrients separately. ②Classifying participants in different groups by weight. ③Repeating the test on those who lost required weight. ④Detecting the brain’s reaction of the participants. A．①④③② B．④①②③ C．②①④③ D．②①③④ 15．What can be inferred about the study? A．Weight loss had no impact on the brain’s response to food. B．The level of dopamine was closely related to people’s brain activity. C．Nutrients taken by participants affected their digestive system rather than brain activity. D．The sum of dopamine released varied slightly among participants with different weights. 16．What is the most suitable title for the article? A．Effective Strategies for Weight Loss in Obesity B．The Persistent Effects of Obesity on the Brain C．Exploring the Brain’s Response to Sugars and Fats D．How Obesity Harms the Brain’s Fullness Sensation 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明肥胖可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力，而且在人们减掉了大量体重后，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去，这可能解释了为什么许多人经常会反弹。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance(磁共振) imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography(断层扫描技术) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes.(当糖或脂肪通过胃食管进入胃时，研究人员使用了磁共振扫描和成像与断层扫描技术，以在30分钟内捕捉大脑的反应。)”和第五段“In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum(纹状体) slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed. At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated. However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise.(研究发现，在体重正常的人身上，当糖或脂肪被输入消化系统时，纹状体中的大脑信号速度减慢，这表明大脑识别出身体已经满足。与此同时，体重正常的人体内多巴胺水平升高，表明大脑的奖励中心也被激活。然而，当通过喂食管给医学上认为肥胖的人提供相同的营养时，大脑活动并没有减缓，多巴胺水平也没有上升。)”可知，研究人员主要关注的是大脑活动和多巴胺水平。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered to be medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids) or water (as a control).(周一在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的这项研究是一项对照临床试验，其中30名医学上认为肥胖的人和30名体重正常的人被喂食糖碳水化合物——葡萄糖、脂肪——脂质、或水——作为对照。)”可知，在进行研究时，首先将参与者按照体重分成两组，给每组参与者分别喂食同样的营养物质。根据第四段中的“As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance(磁共振) imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography(断层扫描技术) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes.(当糖或脂肪通过胃食管进入胃时，研究人员使用了磁共振扫描和成像与断层扫描技术，以在30分钟内捕捉大脑的反应。)”可知，在喂食时研究人员会监测大脑的反应。根据第六段“Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health.(接下来，这项研究要求肥胖者在三个月内减掉10%的体重，这个体重可以改善血糖，重置新陈代谢，促进整体健康。)”和第七段中的“Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results.(按照之前的模式重复测试，结果令人惊讶。)”可知，肥胖者减肥后再次重复测试。由此可知，该研究的正确步骤是②①④③。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity.(减肥并没有使肥胖者的大脑重新设置。)”可推测出，减肥对大脑对于食物的反应方面没有影响。故选A。 16．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“According to a new study, obesity may even damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars.(根据一项新的研究，肥胖甚至可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力。)”和第二段“Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose.(此外，即使在医学上被认为肥胖的人减掉了大量体重后，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去——这可能解释了为什么许多人经常会重拾他们减掉的体重。)”可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究说明，肥胖可能损害大脑识别饱腹感的能力，以及在摄入脂肪和糖后感到满足的能力，而且即使人们减掉了大量体重，这些大脑变化也可能持续下去，所以许多人经常会反弹。由此可推测出。B项“肥胖对大脑的持续影响”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川资阳安岳中学・期末） Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal- rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions. 17．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil? A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C．The moon can be lived on by humans. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 18．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A．The process of the sun producing light. B．The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work. C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 19．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Contract. B．Profession. C．Possibility. D．Sponsor. 20．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C．The research on the environmental system of the moon. D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可能具有生成氧气和燃料的潜力，这一发现意味着人类可以利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其它星球。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”可知，中国科学家发现月球土壤能够产生氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study.(该团队提出了一种策略，利用月球土壤将月球和宇航员生命维持系统中的水电解成氧气和氢气。这个过程是由阳光驱动的。根据这项研究，月球居民呼出的二氧化碳可以被收集起来，并与氢结合来生产燃料，也可以由月球土壤催化。) ”可知，研究人员利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。故选D。 19．词义猜测题。根据第三段的“The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. (研究人员表示，通过这种方法，除了阳光之外，不需要任何外部能量被用来产生氧气和燃料，以支持月球基地的生命。)”可知，目前人类在月球上不能像在地球上一样生存，再由第四段的“for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth(为地球以外的生命提供一个可持续的、负担得起的生活环境)”可知，通过对月球土壤资源的研究利用，人类有望在月球上得以生存，因此划线词意为“愿景，构想”，和C项：Possibility(发展前景，潜能)含义相近。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”和第二段的“The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e- 5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule.(南京大学的研究人员表明，中国嫦娥五号带回的月球样本含有活性化合物，可以将二氧化碳转化为氧气和燃料。根据周四发表在《焦耳》杂志上的一项研究，最初，他们希望设计一个利用月球土壤和太阳辐射的系统，这是月球上两种丰富的资源。)”可知，这篇文章讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可以用于生产氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选D。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸州高中・期末） Honeybees fly much longer distances in the summer than in the spring and autumn to find good sources of food, a new study has found. Researchers at Sussex University spent two years researching the “waggle (摇摆) dance” of honeybees, a form of communication by which the bees tell their nestmates where to go to get the best source of food to bring back to the hive (蜂箱). By measuring the angle of the dance in relation to the sun and the length of time the bee waggled its body while moving in a figure of eight pattern, researchers have been able to map the distance and location where bees forage (觅食) from month to month. With a one-second waggle equal to a foraging distance of 750 meters, the bees’ dance language revealed that the area they covered in search of food is about 22 times greater in the summer (July and August) than in spring (March) and six times greater in summer than in the autumn (October). In the summer the area they cover is 15.2 sq km, compared to 0.8 km in spring and 5.1 km in the autumn. Honeybees will not waste valuable time and energy travelling to find food if they don’t need to, so the researchers say the results show that the summer is the most challenging season for bees to collect the nectar and pollen from flowers. “There is a large quantity of flowers in the spring and autumn, but it is harder for them to locate good blocks of flowers in the summer because agricultural intensification means there are fewer wildflowers in the countryside for bees,” said Frances Ratnieks, author of the study. The researchers say the results can be used to focus efforts to help bees better. “The bees are telling us where they are foraging so we can now understand how best to help them by planting more flowers for them in the summer,” said Ratnieks. 1．What is the recent research mainly about? A．Relationship between honeybees. B．Honeybees’ eating behaviour. C．Sources of honeybee food. D．The honeybee’ dance language. 2．What makes summer the most challenging season for bees to find food? A．The high wind. B．The strong heat. C．Lengthening days. D．Shortage of flowers. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research finding? A．Its practical application. B．Scientists with new perspectives. C．Expectations for future studies. D．Its appeal to the public. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Honeybees use the waggle dance to communicate. B．Honeybees fly longer distances in summer to find food. C．Agricultural intensification reduces wildflowers for bees. D．Researchers are helping bees by planting more flowers. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍苏塞克斯大学的研究人员解码了蜜蜂的“摇摆舞”，发现为了寻找好的食物来源，蜜蜂夏季飞行的距离要比春季和秋季远得多。研究进一步揭示了其原因并介绍了这发现的现实意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers at Sussex University spent two years decoding the “waggle dance” of honeybees, a form of communication by which the bees tell their nestmates where to go to get the best source of food to bring back to the hive. (苏塞克斯大学的研究人员花了两年时间解码蜜蜂的“摇摆舞”。“摇摆舞”是蜜蜂告诉巢友去哪里获得最好的食物并带回蜂巢的一种交流形式)”和第三段中“By measuring the angle of the dance in relation to the sun and the length of time the bee waggled its body while moving in a figure of eight pattern, researchers have been able to map the distance and location where bees forage (觅食) from month to month. (通过测量蜜蜂舞蹈的角度与太阳的关系，以及蜜蜂以8字形移动时摆动身体的时间长度，研究人员已经能够绘制出蜜蜂每月觅食的距离和位置)”可推知，最近的这项研究是为了解码蜜蜂的舞蹈语言。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段中的句子“There is a large quantity of flowers in the spring and autumn, but it is harder for them to locate good blocks of flowers in the summer because agricultural intensification means there are fewer wildflowers in the countryside for bees. (春天和秋天有大量的花，但在夏天，蜜蜂很难找到好的成片的花丛，因为农业集约化意味着农村的野花对蜜蜂来说越来越少)”可知，夏天鲜花的短缺让它成为蜜蜂觅食最具挑战性的季节。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The researchers say the results can be used to focus efforts to help bees better. ‘The bees are telling us where they are foraging so we can now understand how best to help them by planting more flowers for them in the summer,’ said Ratnieks. (研究人员表示，研究结果可以用来集中精力更好地帮助蜜蜂。瑞特尼克斯说：“蜜蜂告诉我们它们在哪里觅食，所以我们现在可以了解如何在夏天为它们种植更多的花来最好地帮助它们。”)”可推知，最后一段主要介绍了这一研究发现的实际应用：可以让我们更好地帮助蜜蜂。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Honeybees fly much longer distances in the summer than in the spring and autumn to find good sources of food, a new study has found. (一项新的研究发现，蜜蜂为了寻找好的食物来源，夏季飞行的距离要比春季和秋季远得多)”、第二段中“Researchers at Sussex University spent two years decoding the “waggle dance” of honeybees, a form of communication by which the bees tell their nestmates where to go to get the best source of food to bring back to the hive. (苏塞克斯大学的研究人员花了两年时间解码蜜蜂的“摇摆舞”。“摇摆舞”是蜜蜂告诉巢友去哪里获得最好的食物并带回蜂巢的一种交流形式)”和下文内容可知，文章第一段指出一项新研究发现蜜蜂在夏天比在春天和秋天飞得更远去寻找食物来源。接着介绍了研究人员通过研究蜜蜂的“摇摆舞”得出不同季节蜜蜂觅食距离和范围的数据，还提到夏天对蜜蜂来说是最具挑战性的季节，因为难找到大片花从，最后一段指出研究结果可用于更好地帮助蜜蜂。整个文章围绕蜜蜂在夏天飞得更远去寻找食物这一主要内容展开，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安二中・期末） This century, many countries will face a difficult situation: how to balance human needs with the requirements of natural systems that are vital for sustaining life on Earth? The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the problem, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. All over the globe, humans are taking water out of the ground faster than it can be refilled. In this difficult situation, water conservationists, such as Rajendra Singh in India, are working to find solutions to the water crisis. They have found creative ways to improve their local water situations. Rajendra Singh in India together with his organization would provide the engineering advice and materials; the villagers would supply the work. The 30-foot-high earthen dam and reservoir (水库), known as a johad, could be finished in three months, before the start of the rainy season. If the rains were plentiful, the reservoir would not only provide enough surface water for drinking and agriculture, but would also refill dry wells. In recent years, Singh’s johads have sprung up all over Rajasthan — about 4,500 dams in about 1,000 villages. “If the villagers feel a johad is their own, they will maintain it,” said Singh. “This is a very sustainable, self-reliant system. I can say confidently that if we can manage rain in India in traditional ways, there will be sufficient water for our growing population.” Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination (淡化) of seawater, will solve the world’s water problems. “But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made,” says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project. The job that people like Rajendra Singh do offers inspiration for carrying out timely and lasting solutions to the world’s water concerns. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Much more water is needed nowadays than before. B．Water problems are rather serious nowadays worldwide. C．Waste disposal systems are vital for sustaining life on Earth. D．Many countries will work. together to deal with water problems. 6．What were the villagers able to do for Rejendra Singh’s johads? A．Provide materials and own the johads. B．Offer their labour and maintain the johads. C．Build johads and improve the water situation. D．Give engineering advice and offer their own solutions. 7．In Sandra’ s opinion, what is the best solution to the world’s water problems? A．Water conservation. B．New technology. C．The desalination of seawater. D．Rajendra Singh’s johads. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．An effective and practical way to deal with water problems. B．The environment problems which are becoming worse and worse. C．Water problems outlined by the United Nations. D．Water shortage all over the world. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球面临的水资源短缺问题，以及一些人如何通过创新方法解决水危机，其中重点介绍了印度拉詹德拉·辛格的“储水湿地”工程。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the problem, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. All over the globe, humans are taking water out of the ground faster than it can be refilled.(联合国最近概述了问题的严重程度，称如果按目前的消费速度继续下去，到2025年，将有27亿人面临严重缺水。今天，估计有12亿人饮用不干净的水，大约25亿人缺乏适当的厕所或废物处理系统。每年有超过500万人死于与不干净的水有关的疾病。在全球范围内，人类从地下取水的速度比地下水补充的速度要快)”可知，从第一段中我们可以了解到当前全球水资源问题相当严重。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rajendra Singh in India together with his organization would provide the engineering advice and materials; the villagers would supply the work. The 30-foot-high earthen dam and reservoir (水库), known as a johad, could be finished in three months, before the start of the rainy season.(印度的拉詹德拉·辛格和他的组织将提供工程建议和材料；村民们将提供劳动力。这座30英尺高的土坝和水库被称为“储水湿地”，可以在雨季开始前的三个月内完工)”以及第四段中“If the villagers feel a johad is their own, they will maintain it,(如果村民们觉得“储水湿地”是他们自己的，他们就会维护它)”可知，村民们为拉詹德拉·辛格援建的“储水湿地”提供了劳动力并负责维护。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination (淡化) of seawater, will solve the world’s water problems. But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made, says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project.(一些人仍然希望新技术，如海水淡化，将解决世界的水问题。但全球水政策项目的桑德拉·波斯特尔说，事实是，节约用水才能带来巨大收益)”可知，在桑德拉看来，解决世界水问题的最好办法是节约用水。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“In this difficult situation, water conservationists, such as Rajendra Singh in India, are working to find solutions to the water crisis. They have found creative ways to improve their local water situations.(在这种困难的情况下，印度的拉詹德拉·辛格等水资源保护主义者正在努力寻找解决水危机的办法。他们已经找到了改善当地水资源状况的创造性方法)”和最后一段中“The job that people like Rajendra Singh do offers inspiration for carrying out timely and lasting solutions to the world’s water concerns.(像拉金德拉·辛格这样的人所做的工作为及时和持久地解决世界水资源问题提供了灵感)”可知，文章主要讲述了全球面临的水资源短缺问题，以及一些人如何通过创新方法解决水危机，其中重点介绍了印度拉詹德拉·辛格的“储水湿地”工程。可知，文章主要讲的是一种有效且实用的解决水资源问题的方法。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山中学・期末） Tens of millions of bees are likely being killed each day by vehicles (车辆) in the western United States, a new study finds. The paper, published in Sustainable Environment, is the first to show how cars may be causing the loss of bees. Bees are important because they help pollinate (传粉) wild plants and a third of the world’s crops. Scientists have studied the “insect disaster” by counting dead insects along roadsides. Most studies have focused on forests and larger insects. But bee diversity (多样性) is greatest in dry, open areas, and most bees are tiny — just 2 to 25 millimeters long. A research team from Utah State University studied bee deaths by driving on highways, paved roads, and unpaved roads during the day when bees are active. They made 29 trips around Utah in spring and summer, traveling more than 9,334 kilometers, and identified bees that were hit by cars. Every trip resulted in at least one bee death, and they found 14 different species. The researchers guessed that one car driving between Salt Lake City and Moab might kill 50 to 175 bees. Based on traffic data, that means several million bees are killed when 94,000 cars travel that route each day. Millions of cars run in Utah daily, and similar trips happen in nearby states, so the total number of bees killed each day in the region is likely in the tens of millions. Although the numbers are based on simple assumptions (假设) they are still important. There are ways to reduce these deaths. Research has shown that bees usually avoid crossing roads unless there are plants in the middle. So, creating healthy habitat along both sides of a road, but not in the middle, could help. 9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Limitations on such studies. B．The influence of climate on bees. C．Living areas of various bees. D．Scientists’ efforts to study diversity. 10．How does $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学・期末） In the ancient walled city of Sana’a, mud (泥) skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with amazing geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. . Even though the buildings in Sana’a are thousands of years old, the ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private houses. It is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal — they are well-insulated (隔热的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. “It is the architecture of the future,” says Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can survive extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes? The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is important to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn. The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable replacement for concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment and the material itself is fully recyclable. She says, “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials.” An added benefit is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants (制冷剂) that make up greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage? A．They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events. B．They can be ideal for sustainable construction of the future. C．They might produce a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. D．They might cause substantial temperature changes. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Mud might be an important solution to the climate crisis. B．Rebuilding mud construction would take great efforts. C．Mud has become architects’ favourite building material. D．The mud buildings in Sana’a are no longer suitable to live in. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards raw-earth construction in the building industry? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Historic Cities Mark Human Civilization B．Construction Industry Threatens Climate Goals C．Modern Architecture Survives Extreme Weather D．Ancient Material Makes for Future House Designs Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县二中・期末） For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows. For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression. Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.” Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression. 5．How did the researchers reach their conclusion? A．By analyzing a mass of data. B．By conducting genetic research. C．By comparing various levels of activity. D．By tracking the subjects for many years. 6．What does the study show about depression? A．Physical activity betters medical treatment. B．Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it. C．Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same. D．Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment. 7．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Harmful. B．Complex. C．Unusual. D．Common. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To discuss a disease. B．To introduce a method. C．To analyze a genetic risk. D．To explain a phenomenon. Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中北校区・期末） Think about the last time you did something that you found difficult. Was it working out a puzzle or working hard on your math homework? Can you remember the expression you had on your face? Most people will press their lips together and frown (皱眉) when they are doing something they find difficult. This is normally seen as a sign of effort. Now we’ve found that it can also say more than that. A recent study at the University of Portsmouth in England suggests that the human expression of effort and frustration is our way of asking others for help. Scientists at the university gave children and chimpanzees (黑猩猩) an impossible puzzle to work out. When the children couldn’t work out the puzzle, their faces expressed determination and effort. The chimpanzees’ did not. Humans and chimpanzees have many facial expressions that share the same meaning. A human smile is the same as a chimpanzee showing its teeth in happiness. Scientists believe that over time, humans have evolved to use this facial expression to ask for help. We have also learned to respond to it by offering help. According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a well-known professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, only 7% of human communication happens through words and 55% is through body language. Therefore, understanding expressions is second nature to human beings. With this in mind, next time you see a person with a frustrated expression, listen to your heart and stop to lend them a hand. 9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Frowning. B．The expression. C．Something difficult. D．A sign of effort. 10．According to the recent study, people’s expression of effort or frustration tells others that ________. A．they need help B．they can do things themselves C．they will give up D．they want to be alone 11．What can we learn from the study? A．Scientists gave the chimpanzees an easy puzzle. B．The chimpanzees smiled as they worked out the puzzle. C．The chimpanzees’ face didn’t show determination or effort. D．The chimpanzees used other expressions to ask for help. 12．Which of the following may Dr. Albert Mehrabian agree with? A．Body language is very important in human communication. B．People don’t like to use words to communicate. C．Human expressions are not a kind of body language. D．Words can’t help much in communication. Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳涪城绵阳中学・期末） At the Game Awards (TGA) 2024, Black Myth: Wukong achieved several “breakthrough” in Chinese gaming history. This Chinese hit video game has taken the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its release. The game is inspired by the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court. Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for foreign players. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with pinyin. To bridge these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West. Many others immersed themselves in the story by checking out TV shows, anime and online forums. Through this process, western players have not only improved their gaming skills but also developed a deeper appreciation for Sun Wukong and Journey to the West. “Although many people might compare Sun Wukong to Western superheroes, I believe they are different,” said Patrick from the US. “Sun Wukong has a carefree and independent nature, unlimited by the need to set a good example for others like Spider-Man, who by contrast follows principles like ’with great power comes great responsibility’.” Journey to the West offers a comprehensive narrative that covers a very dangerous journey, numerous encounters and the exploration of various cultures, making it a rich source for diverse storytelling types and cultural backgrounds. Perhaps these are some of the key reasons why Journey to the West has been translated into over a dozen languages, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. 13．What is the Destined One in paragraph 2? A．The fictional main character of the game. B．The nickname of Sun Wukong in the game. C．One of the adventures to collect the six Relics. D．One of the six Relics belonging to the Celestial Court. 14．What does the underlined word “bridge” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Take control of. B．Get rid of. C．Lose track of. D．Take advantage of. 15．What can be learned about the game from the passage? A．It has gradually gained popularity among players worldwide. B．Its original character Sun Wukong is similar to western superheroes. C．It is hard for foreign players due to their unfamiliarity with Chinese culture. D．It has been translated into many languages with numerous versions available worldwide. 16．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A Chinese hit video game and its original novel Journey to the West. B．Reasons behind the success of Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong. C．The benefits Black Myth: Wukong brings to the spread of Chinese culture. D．The cultural impact and western players’ reception of a Chinese hit video game. Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州天府中学・期末） A small Swedish study found evidence of increased melatonin (褪黑素) in healthy adults who used a weighted blanket before bed. For many people who struggle with anxiety and poor sleep, weighted blankets are one cozy, wellness luxury well worth the small investment. Many shoppers swear by the calming benefits of weighted blankets, reporting better sleep, lower stress and anxiety, and overall increased feelings of relaxation. But scientifically speaking, there aren’t many studies to confirm the benefits of lying under a weighted blanket. That’s why researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden carry out a small study to find out whether using a weighted blanket — compared to using a light blanket — can actually help boost sleep-promoting chemicals, such as melatonin and oxytocin. Twenty-six young, healthy adults participated in the study. In stage one they were covered with a weighted blanket (weighing about 12 percent of their body weight) for one hour before bedtime, followed by an eight-hour sleep window. Researchers collected saliva (唾液) samples during the pre-sleep hour to measure changes in melatonin and other hormone (荷尔蒙) materials. In stage two, participants were covered with a light blanket (2.4 percent of their body weight) for the night. In the end, the results found that when participants laid under a weighted blanket for an hour before bedtime, they showed about a 32 percent increase in salivary melatonin compared to when they used the lighter blanket. “Our study is the first to suggest that using a weighted blanket may result in a more significant release of melatonin at bedtime,” the study says, adding that more studies are needed to find whether more melatonin will be produced during a whole night’s sleep when frequently using a weighted blanket over weeks to months. While this study is quite small and just a first step exploring the health benefits of weighted blankets, it does suggest that this cozy blanket may indeed positively promote sleep. 17．Why are people who struggle with sleep problems mentioned? A．To introduce the participants of the experiment. B．To illustrate the reason of the experiment. C．To show the conclusion of the experiment. D．To warn the influence of bad sleeping. 18．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Change. B．Reduce. C．Carry. D．Improve. 19．What can we learn about the experiment? A．It lasts at least for 8 hours. B．It is successful and there is no need to carry on. C．It suggests a weighted blanket may result in a better sleep. D．It reveals more melatonin is produced during a whole night’s sleep. 20．What could be the best title for the text? A．How to Have a Good Sleep B．A Weighted Blanket or a Light One C．A Study on Sleep Regulation D．Melatonin and Sleep Passage 6 （24-25 高一上・四川自贡一中・期末） Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 21．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 22．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 23．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? Passage 7 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸州高中・期末） China is famous for its food culture. There are many stories waiting for us to find out about. Hotpot Chinese people had hotpot as early as the Shang Dynasty (16th century — 11th century BC). At that time, people boiled foods in bronze pots. The pot had two parts — one was the pot to cook food in soup, and the other part was to hold firewood. People in the Han Dynasty (206 BC — AD 220) divided pots into several parts to enjoy different flavors. Yuan Mei was a poet and foodie in the Qing Dynasty (1644 — 1911). He mentioned huoguo, the Chinese name for hotpot, in a book about all kinds of food. At that time, hotpot was very popular. People put all kinds of meat and vegetables into the hotpot. It’s said that Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty loved hotpot. He had it for almost every meal. He once held a big hotpot feast and invited more than 5,000 people to enjoy 1,550 hotpots! Dongpo pork Su Dongpo (Su Shi) was a poet who lived during the Song Dynasty (960 — 1279). He was the first to make this dish. When he was a local official in Huangzhou, Hubei, he fell in love with cooking pork. In his article Ode to Pork, Su described exactly how to cook it. According to folk stories the dish became well-known when Su went to Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to take office. One day, there was a terrible flood (水灾) and Su went out to help people. He worked very hard and everyone praised him. They heard that he loved eating pork, so they gave him a lot of it. But Su wanted to give it back. He cooked the pork in his own special way. Then he gave the dish to every family in the city and every worker on the street. Very soon the dish became famous in Hangzhou and got the name “Dongpo pork”. Chopsticks For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules and traditions. Generally, people should not make noise with chopsticks. Playing with chopsticks is seen as bad manners, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country would be rude. Also, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl. Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck. You should not tap chopsticks on the edge of the bowl either, as beggars do this to ask for food. Parents might get angry if children do this as they don’t want their children to be as poor as beggars in the future. 25．Hotpot was first described as “huoguo” in ________. A．Shang Dynasty B．Qing Dynasty C．Han Dynasty D．Song Dynasty 26．“Dongpo Pork” became famous when ________. A．Su was a local official in Huangzhou B．Su’s article Ode to Pork came out C．Su fell in love with cooking D．Su gave the dish to every family in the city 27．Which of the following is NOT seen as bad manners? A．Make noise with chopsticks. B．Chopsticks are left standing upright in a bowl. C．Tap chopsticks on the edge of the bowl. D．Use the chopsticks with the left hand. 28．The writer writes this passage to ________. A．show Chinese table manners B．introduce some famous Chinese dishes C．show the development of Chinese eating habits D．introduce the stories of Chinese food culture 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中北校区・期末） Online English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the internet — but in forms very different to what we accept and recognize as English today. That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly, they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent (口音). Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English, Spanish English and Korean English. While these different styles have long existed within their cultures, they’ re now expanding and coming online. Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large companies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language — English — to reach global customers. The increasing popularity of the internet allows more languages to develop quickly. “Most people actually speak several languages — it’s less common to only speak one,” says Mr. Munro. “English has taken its place as the world’s common language, but it’s not pushing out other languages.” Instead, other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new. 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．There are now many different language styles. B．English is a common language around the world. C．English language is developing with the Internet. D．Smaller businesses are learning a common language. 2．Which of the following is NOT true about online communication? A．Grammar is not so important. B．People need to spell accurately. C．People do not care about their accent. D．Most English-speakers are not native speakers. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．We can only communicate online in English. B．Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites. C．It’s impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary. D．Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries. 4．What can we learn from what Mr. Munro said? A．Other languages are enriching English. B．Chinese used to be the world’s common language. C．English will become the only language in the world. D．One can’t live well without speaking several languages. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸化中学・期末） When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us distract and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand. Another possible cure for a short attention span (持续时间) is brain training. Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get down to business and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nili Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer. There are more practical tips on keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. But according to Science Focus magazine, “if we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.” 5．What do the underlined words “stay in the zone” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stay focused. B．Keep steady. C．Stay calm. D．Be careful. 6．How can we extend attention span? A．To do visual task. B．To make the task easier. C．To train processing distraction. D．To keep your mind busy. 7．What information does the last paragraph convey? A．It’s hard to get rid of distraction. B．Distraction isn’t all bad. C．Staying focused can avoid dangers. D．Being sensitive to changes is important. 8．Why does the author write this passage? A．To discuss the phenomenon of daydreaming. B．To show the harm of distraction. C．To offer help in keeping concentrated. D．To introduce the newest study results. Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川泸州合江马街中学・期末） It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, french fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. "Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that harm their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive（冲动的）behaviors, "said Amy Reichelt, a brain specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety. ” Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex（前额皮质）is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. However, this region is the last to mature—it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine, a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. "It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation, "said Reichelt. Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the"teenage" mice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues. Exercise also makes the body to create a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses. 9．What’s the Amy Reichelt’s opinion on junk food? A．Junk food is harmless for adult. B．Junk food affects both teens’ body and brain. C．Junk food is more attractive to adults than teens. D．Junk food has nutrients and does good to teens. 10．Why do adolescents more like junk food than adults in Reichelt’s view? A．Because their brains are not yet fully formed. B．Because junk food contains a lot of fat and sugar. C．Because they know junk food is more nutritious. D．Because it is popular among young people. 11．What conclusion did Reichelt draw from the experiment on the mice? A．High-fat diet makes prefrontal cortex of mice more excited. B．The "teenage" mice are fatter than "adult" mice. C．Junk food may make the "teenage" mice more active. D．Junk food is harmful for memory. 12．What should adolescents do to refuse junk food according to the passage? A．To work out regularly. B．To eat food containing no fat. C．To keep away from food made of potatoes. D．To eat more fruit and vegetables. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川仁寿一中南校区・期末） In the summer months, fireflies (萤火虫) become lively, starting their “love stories”. Male fireflies fly around and a part of their belly (腹部) will light up. Then females sitting on the ground look up at the show and flash back to the males they like. They’re not going to mate (交配) unless they’ve exchanged these light signals (信号). Firefly species have performed that for millions of years, lit only by the moon. Now humans are damaging their feelings, turning on street lights and LEDs at the fireflies’ summer party. In the firefly world, it’s the females who are particularly turned off by man-made light. Owens, a researcher at Harvard University, led studies in experimental conditions and field conditions and found that male fireflies often keep flashing (闪光) under street lights and other kinds of overhead light, while female fireflies, active at night, basically shut down and stop reacting. “Probably because they just can’t see the males very well,” Owens explained. “Typically male fireflies are looking down. Female fireflies are looking up at street lights and other light sources. ”In lab conditions, not one of 20 pairs mated successfully under bright lights, while about half of firefly couples mated successfully in natural dim light. In the last decade, the night sky became twice as bright due to the increasing use of LEDs, Owens said, which hurts the populations of fireflies. Sadly, no fireflies are protected under the Endangered Species Act presently. “I like people to think about firefly extinction (灭绝) as sitting in a room of candles, and it’s beautiful," said Sara Lewis, a professor of biology at Tufts University. “And if one or two of those candles went out, you probably don’t even notice it, but if that continues, eventually you are left sitting in complete darkness.” 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Exchanging light signals of love. B．Telling their love stories. C．Mating and raising babies. D．Holding summer parties. 2．What is a serious danger of man-made light to fireflies? A．It makes the female blind. B．It stops the female from reacting. C．It causes them to get lost. D．It forces the male to shut off. 3．What influences the success of firefly mating according to the research? A．The size of male and female. B．The male and female mating time. C．The brightness of surrounding light. D．The number of firefly couples. 4．What does Sara Lewis say about the firefly extinction? A．It will surely happen eventually. B．It produces a beautiful story. C．It will come if nothing is done. D．It happens in a room of candles. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳中学・期末） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 5．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 6．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 7．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 8．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・四川叙永一中・期末） Trust me, you don’t want to get caught under a tsunami! Tsunamis are one of the world’s most powerful natural forces. They can cause huge amounts of damage. But do you know exactly what a tsunami is? They are huge, powerful waves in the ocean that grow as they reach the shore. Most tsunamis are actually caused by earthquakes. An earthquake happens when a big piece of the Earth’s crust (地壳) suddenly moves. When the piece of ocean floor moves, it creates big holes. The water floods in to fill these holes. When the water moves that quickly, it creates a huge wave. This is how tsunamis are born! Other natural disasters like landslides, volcanic eruptions, and glaciers breaking off can also cause tsunamis. Once the water starts moving because of the force of the disaster, large waves begin to spread. These waves can move very fast. They have been recorded at speeds from 400 up to 500 miles per hour! They can also move across very long distances. At first, the waves of the tsunami may not seem that tall. That’s because when the waves travel through the deep parts of the ocean, the top of each wave is very short. But as that wave comes near to the coast, it grows in height. Remember, the tsunami travels quickly. If you are sitting on a beach, you may not see the wave coming at first. But when the wave arrives, it will be like a towering wall of water. Some waves are as tall as 100 feet high. The biggest tsunami ever recorded happened in 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska. The wave was over 1, 720 feet tall, and it wiped out trees, vegetation, and everything else in its way. As frightening as tsunamis can be, you don’t need to worry too much about them. They don’t happen that often. Only about two tsunamis happen every year. And it is said that serious, really damaging tsunamis only happen about every fifteen years. So don’t worry. 9．According to the article, which natural disaster is not responsible for causing a tsunami? A．Tornadoes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Earthquakes. D．Landslides. 10．If a tsunami forms in the deep ocean, 2, 000 miles off the coast of Sri Lanka, how long at least will it take the tsunami to reach the coast of SriLanka ? A．1 hours. B．2 hours. C．4 hours. D．6 hours. 11．Which of the following about tsunami is TRUE? A．The waves of the tsunami always move slowly over a long distance. B．People on a ship in the deep ocean will notice a tsunami at once as soon as it forms. C．If you are sitting on a beach, you must see the wave coming at first. D．People will not notice a tsunami until it gets close to the coast. 12．Where would this passage most likely to be found? A．In a music magazine. B．In a science newspaper. C．In a travel guide. D．In a story book. Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川成都锦江嘉祥外国语高中・期末） The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 13．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 14．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 15．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 16．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川自贡一中・期末） Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 1．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 2．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 3．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县五中・期末） Children are more creative when they learn in natural surroundings, according to new research from Curtin University. Primary school students in Australia and England were put to the test to see whether writing poetry in a natural outdoor setting produced more creative outcomes than writing in a classroom, and the answer was yes. Dr Paul Gardner and Sonja Kuzich from Curtin’s School of Education ran comparative trials with 10-year-old students in both countries and the results, recently published in the Cambridge Journal of Education, gave a big thumbs-up to the positive influence of natural settings. “We found that students who had direct contact with nature by engaging themselves in a bush or forest setting were much more descriptive and vivid in the language they used than the classroom-based writers who ‘imagined’ being in nature through photos,” Dr Gardner said. In total, 97 students took part in the study, split across four classrooms, including two based at an English primary school and two from a primary school in Western Australia. In each country one class visited a natural bush or forest before writing a poem based on what they saw, smelt and felt. The other class viewed a pile of images of the same bush or forest setting. Ms Kuzich said the difference in creative language used between the classes was obvious with twice as many UK forest students using figurative (比喻的) language compared with the students in class. In Australia that figure rose to more than four times when comparing the poetry of the bush-based students with those who remained at school. The researchers say further studies of larger groups are now recommended to gain greater understanding of the influence of natural spaces and “green learning” in schools. Future research may also be needed to examine if the green learning can be translated into other learning themes or context to see if there is a flow on effect in different environments. 5．Why were the students placed outdoors in nature? A．To get more outdoor exercise. B．To experience nature in depth. C．To understand poems about nature better. D．To prove nature’s effect on creativity. 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The steps of training the children. B．The purpose of performing the test. C．New findings about students’ writing. D．The detailed steps of the experiment. 7．What can we infer about the result of the study? A．Students indoors are not good at poetry. B．Students in Australia prefer to study poetry. C．Students are more creative in a natural environment. D．Students in UK have different writing skill preferences. 8．What does the last paragraph imply? A．Green learning is becoming a trend. B．Further studies are to be carried out. C．Green learning has been applied in school. D．Future research is of little significance. Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川泸县五中・期末） It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies (奶奶). An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 9．According to the passage, trouble on the road are often caused by ____________. A．road conditions B．the speed of modern life C．the large number of car D．the behavior of the drivers 10．In the writer’s opinion, ___________. A．drivers should show road politeness properly B．strict traffic rules are badly needed C．unskillful drivers should be punished D．drivers should avoid traffic jams 11．The underlined word “give-and-take” in the passage means __________. A．politeness and impoliteness B．willingness to give in to each other’s wishes C．offering help to others as much as possible D．good manners and bad manners 12．What is the best title of the passage? A．Road Politeness B．Traffic Problems C．Bad Manners on the Road D．Good Drivers and Bad Driver Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山中学・期末） It is widely accepted that being overweight definitely poses a danger to our health. According to a new study, obesity may even damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars. Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose. The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered to be medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids) or water (as a control). Each group of nutrients was fed directly into the stomach via a feeding tube on separate days. The night before the testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning. As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance(磁共振) imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography(断层扫描技术) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes. In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum(纹状体) slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed. At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated. However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise. Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health. Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity. Much more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if that is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors. 13．What aspects did the researchers mainly focus on in the research? A．Blood sugars and metabolism. B．Diet and environmental factors. C．Nutrients and the digestive system. D．Brain activities and dopamine levels. 14．What are the correct procedures of the study? ①Providing participants with the same nutrients separately. ②Classifying participants in different groups by weight. ③Repeating the test on those who lost required weight. ④Detecting the brain’s reaction of the participants. A．①④③② B．④①②③ C．②①④③ D．②①③④ 15．What can be inferred about the study? A．Weight loss had no impact on the brain’s response to food. B．The level of dopamine was closely related to people’s brain activity. C．Nutrients taken by participants affected their digestive system rather than brain activity. D．The sum of dopamine released varied slightly among participants with different weights. 16．What is the most suitable title for the article? A．Effective Strategies for Weight Loss in Obesity B．The Persistent Effects of Obesity on the Brain C．Exploring the Brain’s Response to Sugars and Fats D．How Obesity Harms the Brain’s Fullness Sensation Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川资阳安岳中学・期末） Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal- rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions. 17．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil? A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C．The moon can be lived on by humans. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 18．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A．The process of the sun producing light. B．The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work. C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 19．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Contract. B．Profession. C．Possibility. D．Sponsor. 20．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C．The research on the environmental system of the moon. D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・四川泸州泸州高中・期末） Honeybees fly much longer distances in the summer than in the spring and autumn to find good sources of food, a new study has found. Researchers at Sussex University spent two years researching the “waggle (摇摆) dance” of honeybees, a form of communication by which the bees tell their nestmates where to go to get the best source of food to bring back to the hive (蜂箱). By measuring the angle of the dance in relation to the sun and the length of time the bee waggled its body while moving in a figure of eight pattern, researchers have been able to map the distance and location where bees forage (觅食) from month to month. With a one-second waggle equal to a foraging distance of 750 meters, the bees’ dance language revealed that the area they covered in search of food is about 22 times greater in the summer (July and August) than in spring (March) and six times greater in summer than in the autumn (October). In the summer the area they cover is 15.2 sq km, compared to 0.8 km in spring and 5.1 km in the autumn. Honeybees will not waste valuable time and energy travelling to find food if they don’t need to, so the researchers say the results show that the summer is the most challenging season for bees to collect the nectar and pollen from flowers. “There is a large quantity of flowers in the spring and autumn, but it is harder for them to locate good blocks of flowers in the summer because agricultural intensification means there are fewer wildflowers in the countryside for bees,” said Frances Ratnieks, author of the study. The researchers say the results can be used to focus efforts to help bees better. “The bees are telling us where they are foraging so we can now understand how best to help them by planting more flowers for them in the summer,” said Ratnieks. 1．What is the recent research mainly about? A．Relationship between honeybees. B．Honeybees’ eating behaviour. C．Sources of honeybee food. D．The honeybee’ dance language. 2．What makes summer the most challenging season for bees to find food? A．The high wind. B．The strong heat. C．Lengthening days. D．Shortage of flowers. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research finding? A．Its practical application. B．Scientists with new perspectives. C．Expectations for future studies. D．Its appeal to the public. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Honeybees use the waggle dance to communicate. B．Honeybees fly longer distances in summer to find food. C．Agricultural intensification reduces wildflowers for bees. D．Researchers are helping bees by planting more flowers. Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・四川广安二中・期末） This century, many countries will face a difficult situation: how to balance human needs with the requirements of natural systems that are vital for sustaining life on Earth? The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the problem, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. All over the globe, humans are taking water out of the ground faster than it can be refilled. In this difficult situation, water conservationists, such as Rajendra Singh in India, are working to find solutions to the water crisis. They have found creative ways to improve their local water situations. Rajendra Singh in India together with his organization would provide the engineering advice and materials; the villagers would supply the work. The 30-foot-high earthen dam and reservoir (水库), known as a johad, could be finished in three months, before the start of the rainy season. If the rains were plentiful, the reservoir would not only provide enough surface water for drinking and agriculture, but would also refill dry wells. In recent years, Singh’s johads have sprung up all over Rajasthan — about 4,500 dams in about 1,000 villages. “If the villagers feel a johad is their own, they will maintain it,” said Singh. “This is a very sustainable, self-reliant system. I can say confidently that if we can manage rain in India in traditional ways, there will be sufficient water for our growing population.” Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination (淡化) of seawater, will solve the world’s water problems. “But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made,” says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project. The job that people like Rajendra Singh do offers inspiration for carrying out timely and lasting solutions to the world’s water concerns. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Much more water is needed nowadays than before. B．Water problems are rather serious nowadays worldwide. C．Waste disposal systems are vital for sustaining life on Earth. D．Many countries will work. together to deal with water problems. 6．What were the villagers able to do for Rejendra Singh’s johads? A．Provide materials and own the johads. B．Offer their labour and maintain the johads. C．Build johads and improve the water situation. D．Give engineering advice and offer their own solutions. 7．In Sandra’ s opinion, what is the best solution to the world’s water problems? A．Water conservation. B．New technology. C．The desalination of seawater. D．Rajendra Singh’s johads. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．An effective and practical way to deal with water problems. B．The environment problems which are becoming worse and worse. C．Water problems outlined by the United Nations. D．Water shortage all over the world. Passage 3 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山中学・期末） Tens of millions of bees are likely being killed each day by vehicles (车辆) in the western United States, a new study finds. The paper, published in Sustainable Environment, is the first to show how cars may be causing the loss of bees. Bees are important because they help pollinate (传粉) wild plants and a third of the world’s crops. Scientists have studied the “insect disaster” by counting dead insects along roadsides. Most studies have focused on forests and larger insects. But bee diversity (多样性) is greatest in dry, open areas, and most bees are tiny — just 2 to 25 millimeters long. A research team from Utah State University studied bee deaths by driving on highways, paved roads, and unpaved roads during the day when bees are active. They made 29 trips around Utah in spring and summer, traveling more than 9,334 kilometers, and identified bees that were hit by cars. Every trip resulted in at least one bee death, and they found 14 different species. The researchers guessed that one car driving between Salt Lake City and Moab might kill 50 to 175 bees. Based on traffic data, that means several million bees are killed when 94,000 cars travel that route each day. Millions of cars run in Utah daily, and similar trips happen in nearby states, so the total number of bees killed each day in the region is likely in the tens of millions. Although the numbers are based on simple assumptions (假设) they are still important. There are ways to reduce these deaths. Research has shown that bees usually avoid crossing roads unless there are plants in the middle. So, creating healthy habitat along both sides of a road, but not in the middle, could help. 9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Limitations on such studies. B．The influence of climate on bees. C．Living areas of various bees. D．Scientists’ efforts to study diversity. 10．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By listing related numbers. C．By showing real data related to bees. D．By stating the result of the team’s study. 11．Which is one way to prevent bees from being killed? A．Raising drivers’ awareness. B．Placing flowers in the middle. C．Growing plants on roadsides. D．Leaving more space available. 12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the bee’s diversity. B．To remind readers to drive less. C．To introduce the danger to bees. D．To ask people to grow more flowers. Passage 4 （24-25 高一上・四川眉山中学・期末） Look out the window or walk over to a patch of soil near your home. It could be reddish brown, black, dark gray or even the colour of rich, dark chocolate. If it’s moist enough, run your hands through it. It may separate into thick clumps that can hold water and later release it. With a few exceptions—such as desert sites—this is how good soil behaves. In fact, the number of microscopic organisms that live in a shovelful of rich garden soil exceeds the number of plants and animals inhabiting the entire aboveground Amazon rainforest. And the Amazon is known for having more plants and animals than any other land-based habitat. Soil is what supports life on Earth. Most people give it little thought, but it feeds us and the ecosystems around us. It is where countless species make their homes. It collects water, pulls pollutants from the air and helps support the planet’s atmosphere. Soil is one of Mother Nature’s unsung heroes. And while most soil looks like it’s static, just sitting there unmoving, it actually hosts plenty of activities. Its earthworms may be digging tunnels. Worms are weightlifters. But they aren’t the only ones making changes. Other creatures below ground are too tiny to see with the unaided eye. These include one celled creatures called protozoa (单细胞生物). They improve soil by eating bacteria and releasing nitrogen, which helps plants grow. And then there are all those bacteria. Most people think of them as dangerous. In soils, they not only serve as prey to beneficial protozoa, but also perform an environmental service. They help recycle dead plant parts and animal tissues into nutrients. They even turn some pollutants in soil and water into more of the nutrients that can sustain the diverse species that make up lively ecosystems beneath our feet. 13．What’s the purpose of mentioning the Amazon rainforest in the second paragraph? A．To indicate the rich species in the Amazon rainforest. B．To introduce the rich soil in the Amazon rainforest. C．To stress the variety of microscopic organisms in the rich soil. D．To illustrate biodiversity aboveground the Amazon rainforest. 14．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Soil is something that supports life on Earth. B．Soil provides a variety of benefits to our planet. C．Soil determines the quality of our ecosystems. D．Soil is the Mother Nature’s unsung hero. 15．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the text? A．The soil in the desert behaves as well as good soil does. B．Most people give thought to soil for it supports life on Earth. C．Most soil indeed hosts plenty of activities though it looks quiet. D．The bacteria in soils almost do no good to the environment. 16．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Categories of the Soil on Earth B．The Disappearance of the Rich Soil C．Biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest D．Healthy Soil Supports Life on Our Planet Passage 5 （24-25 高一上・四川绵阳涪城绵阳中学・期末） Jackdaws (寒鸦) are the smallest member of the crow family. They often live in a crowd. Indeed, when cold weather comes, they gather in the hundreds (and sometimes thousands) every evening so that they can sleep in the same place. If you’ve ever heard jackdaws during their evening gatherings and morning departures, you’ll know they are not quiet birds. Despite being fairly low-volume during the day, they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? A team of the Cornish Jackdaw Project set out to determine why jackdaws are so noisy before they depart from their sleeping spot. The team’s theory was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of  “voting”. The researchers suspected that each individual’s call might count as an “I’m in!”. When a certain amount of “I’m in!”s are called —and so a certain volume of noise is reached -the group might then depart as a unit. To test this idea, the researchers artificially increased the level of calls during the jackdaws’ natural morning calls. Their expectation was that, if jackdaws really are “voting with their voice” to decide when to depart the sleeping site, artificially adding calls would make them leave earlier than they naturally would have done. Subsequent experiments confirmed their expectation. The team therefore showed that jackdaws use their calls as a sort of voting system. You might wonder why this happens. The researchers suggest that individual jackdaws benefit from the voting system because they are less at risk of being killed and they can get more access to social information — such as where to find food. So the loud calls of jackdaws in the morning are therefore not the pure chaos it sounds like. If you are ever being driven mad by the sound in the morning, you can find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they will leave you in peace. 17．What aspect of jackdaws confused scientists? A．Their strong team spirit. B．Their preference for noisy habitats. C．Their collective sleeping habit. D．Their unusual calling behavior. 18．What happened to the jackdaws when artificial calls were added? A．They stopped calling together. B．They left their sleeping spot earlier. C．They became noisier and more active. D．They changed their sleeping location. 19．What does the voting system mean to individual jackdaws? A．A signal of seeking food. B．A strategy for better survival. C．A way to attract potential partners. D．A method of displaying social skills. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Jackdaws are Noise Makers. B．Jackdaws Have a Complex Voting System. C．Jackdaws ‘Vote’ to Make a Group Decision. D．Jackdaws ‘Vote’ to Choose Their Group Leaders. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $