精品解析：北京市八一学校2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

北京市八一学校2025~2026学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2025.11 (考试时间：90分钟 满分：120分) 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，38分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___1___ any excuse. When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the ___2___ I thought I wanted. One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you?” he asked ___3___. “I know you said no excuse, but I don’t want you to think I’m ___4___ because I often come without my homework.” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It’s just that... my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it’s hard for me to ___5___.” I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the ___6___. “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?” He nodded hard. Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very ___7___. · The power company ___8___ our lights because we couldn’t pay the bill. · My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time. · We don’t have any paper in the house. I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are ___9___. Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have a home. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” ____10____ better than “No excuse!” 1. A. accepting B. offering C. inventing D. finding 2. A. disadvantage B. reputation C. experience D. praise 3. A. loudly B. curiously C. eagerly D. shyly 4. A. poor B. lazy C. mean D. weak 5. A. struggle B. behave C. concentrate D. compete 6. A. thought B. mask C. process D. question 7. A. real B. moving C. cool D. complex 8. A. cut off B. put out C. broke down D. shut out 9. A. disciplined B. peaceful C. traditional D. supportive 10. A. understands B. feels C. works D. controls 第二节 语法填空(共17小题;11—15每小题1分，16—27每小题1.5分，共23分) A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Can a sixth extinction ____11____ (avoid)? Experts say that it is not yet too late if we take action now. This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps to save ____12____ (endanger) species, including setting up special areas ____13____ plants and animals can be protected. We need to change ____14____ we work and travel by using cleaner and more natural sources of energy. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet on ____15____ we live and start to protect it. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many people wonder ____16____ money can define success or not. Some believe that money, which often ____17____ (symbol) accomplishment, is the ultimate goal because it leads to a comfortable lifestyle. However, I have met many ____18____ (influence) individuals who live simply and are helpful to those in need. ____19____ they lead a meaningful life touches me so much, ____20____ (make) me deeply appreciative of non-material values. Thus, I believe that a successful life is one ____21____ we can get a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The parent-child relationship is an ____22____ (incredible) complex bond. Many parents have the intention to be fully present, yet the ____23____ (demand) nature of modern life easily ____24____ (distract) them. It is crucial for parents to share with their children some quality time, ____25____ the children feel a sense of being valued. ____26____ truly matters is not the length but the quality of time spent together. Parents who engage with their children in a patient and attentive manner create a secure foundation. This presence teaches a child that they are loved for ____27____ they are. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，共37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Give a little sunshine! The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks. Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months. “Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to—a breath of fresh air. We talk about everything—theatre, her work, books we’ve read…Listening to someone else’s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.” “At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …” Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life? The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated (独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable, the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation. What are the volunteer qualifications? Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA. And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community! If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. 28. Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience? A. To show her loneliness B. To share a sweet memory. C. To stress the value of CoA D. To praise Rianne’s kindness. 29. One of the responsibilities of volunteers is A. making weekly calls to seniors B. visiting seniors during holidays C. introducing new friends to seniors D. teaching seniors to use smart phones 30. If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do? A. Learn the use of a chat app. B. Prepare a computer by yourself. C. Offer a letter of recommendation. D. Have relevant working experience. 31. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform the readers of COA. B. To invite seniors to sign up for COA C. To introduce volunteer work in COA. D. To advertise for new volunteers for COA. B In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling (解开) wires. Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal instructions — go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon. I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her. Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting (咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La sage” instead. With frustrated strokes, I typed in the correct spelling. Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one. To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience during the whole process. At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs? 32. The author’s mother couldn’t find the recipe online mainly because she was _________. A. too dependent on her family members B. given unclear instructions by the author C. unfamiliar with computers and the Internet D. impatient at searching for the recipe 33. Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last? A. Because he was fed up with his mother’s interruption. B. Because he was pleased to help his mother out. C. Because he didn’t want his mother to be embarrassed. D. Because he thought his mother favored the printed version. 34. What message does the author want to convey? A. It is wise to teach others by examples. B. Putting yourself in others’ shoes is the key to understanding. C. Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded. D. Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself. C California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ” 35. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________. A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wild C. are found only in California D. almost died out in the 1980s 36. Researchers have found electrical lines are _________. A. blocking condors’ journey home B. big killers of California condors C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away 37. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________. A. makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds 38. This passage shows that _________. A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem D Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂ 39. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 40. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 41. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 42. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. ___43___ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. ___44___ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ___45___ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ___46___ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ___47___ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. B. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. C. However, the work doesn’t stop there. D. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. E. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. F. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第48、49题各2分，第50题3分，第51题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 48. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 49. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 51. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国好友Jim在朋友圈看到你们班在主题为“智造纸箱车”的科技节比赛中表现精彩，并取得优异成绩，对此他非常感兴趣，来信询问相关信息，请用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.介绍科技节的活动安排和比赛规则； 2.分析取得优异成绩的原因。 提示词：智造纸箱车 Smart Cardboard Car 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市八一学校2025~2026学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2025.11 (考试时间：90分钟 满分：120分) 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，38分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___1___ any excuse. When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the ___2___ I thought I wanted. One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you?” he asked ___3___. “I know you said no excuse, but I don’t want you to think I’m ___4___ because I often come without my homework.” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It’s just that... my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it’s hard for me to ___5___.” I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the ___6___. “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?” He nodded hard. Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very ___7___. · The power company ___8___ our lights because we couldn’t pay the bill. · My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time. · We don’t have any paper in the house. I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are ___9___. Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have a home. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” ____10____ better than “No excuse!” 1. A. accepting B. offering C. inventing D. finding 2. A. disadvantage B. reputation C. experience D. praise 3. A. loudly B. curiously C. eagerly D. shyly 4. A. poor B. lazy C. mean D. weak 5. A. struggle B. behave C. concentrate D. compete 6. A. thought B. mask C. process D. question 7. A. real B. moving C. cool D. complex 8. A. cut off B. put out C. broke down D. shut out 9. A. disciplined B. peaceful C. traditional D. supportive 10. A. understands B. feels C. works D. controls 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了作者初入教坛时对学生未完成作业的借口不屑一顾，直到学生安东尼坦诚家庭困境后，作者转变教育态度，最终明白倾听比强硬拒绝更有效的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我变得不那么容易相信别人，不再接受任何借口。A. accepting接受；B. offering提供；C. inventing发明；D. finding找到。根据前文“heard countless make-believe stories”和“grew less trusting”，作者因听多了虚假借口，不再“接受”学生的任何理由。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就得到了我以为自己想要的名声。A. disadvantage缺点；B. reputation名声；C. experience经历；D. praise表扬。根据前文“When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book.”可知，作者对未完成作业的学生直接打零分，这种强硬态度会让他获得“严格、不留情面”的名声，“reputation”符合语境。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A. loudly大声地；B. curiously好奇地；C. eagerly急切地；D. shyly害羞地。结合后文安东尼坦诚家庭困境的窘迫，以及“looked up at me for the first time”，可知他说话时是“害羞的”，符合内向学生主动沟通的状态。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说过不接受任何借口，但我不想让你觉得我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A. poor贫穷的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. mean刻薄的；D. weak虚弱的。根据后文“because I often come without my homework.”可知，学生未完成作业，最容易被老师误解为“懒惰”，安东尼主动解释是为了避免这种误解。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，他们会哭很久，我很难集中注意力（写作业）。A. struggle挣扎；B. behave表现；C. concentrate集中注意力；D. compete竞争。根据前文“Often, they cry a lot”可知，照顾哭闹的弟弟会干扰安东尼写作业，导致他无法“集中注意力”，符合家庭环境带来的困扰。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A. thought想法；B. mask面具；C. process过程；D. question问题。根据前文“I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why.”以及后文““Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?””可知，作者原本想质问他为何不早说，转而询问是否需要课后留校补作业，即改变了要问的“问题”，符合态度转变的逻辑。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的故事并不有趣，但都非常真实。A. real真实的；B. moving感人的；C. cool酷的；D. complex复杂的。与作者之前听到的“make-believe stories”（虚假故事）不同，这些学生的家庭困境都是真实存在的，“real”体现其真实性。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：电力公司因为我们交不起电费而切断了电源。A. cut off切断；B. put out扑灭；C. broke down出故障；D. shut out排除。根据后文“because we couldn’t pay the bill.”可知，交不起电费会导致电力公司“切断”供电，“cut off the lights”符合生活常识。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此我发现，并非所有孩子都来自支持他们的家庭。A. disciplined守纪律的；B. peaceful和平的；C. traditional传统的；D. supportive支持的。根据下文“Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have a home.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我明白了“我会倾听”比“没有借口！”更有效。A. understands理解；B. feels感觉；C. works起作用、有效；D. controls控制。根据后文“better than “No excuse!””可知，作者转变态度后，帮助学生解决了实际问题，证明“倾听”比强硬拒绝“更有效”，“works”体现方法的实用性。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空(共17小题;11—15每小题1分，16—27每小题1.5分，共23分) A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Can a sixth extinction ____11____ (avoid)? Experts say that it is not yet too late if we take action now. This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps to save ____12____ (endanger) species, including setting up special areas ____13____ plants and animals can be protected. We need to change ____14____ we work and travel by using cleaner and more natural sources of energy. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet on ____15____ we live and start to protect it. 【答案】11. be avoided 12. endangered 13. where 14. how 15. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了第六次生物大灭绝是否可以避免，并提出了相应的解决措施。 【11题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：第六次物种大灭绝能够被避免吗？avoid与主语a sixth extinction之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且空前有情态动词can，所以应用be avoided。故填be avoided。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括设立能保护动植物的特殊区域。空处修饰名词species，应用endanger的形容词形式endangered，意为“濒危的”，作定语。故填endangered。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括设立能保护动植物的特殊区域。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词areas，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 【14题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们需要通过使用更清洁、更天然的能源来改变工作和出行方式。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，所以应用连接副词how引导从句。故填how。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：简而言之，若想生存下去，我们就必须停止破坏赖以生存的星球，并开始保护它。空处与介词on一起引导限制性定语从句，先行词planet，先行词在从句中作介词on的宾语，且指物，所以应用关系代词which引导从句，on which相当于where，指代“在这颗星球上”。故填which。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many people wonder ____16____ money can define success or not. Some believe that money, which often ____17____ (symbol) accomplishment, is the ultimate goal because it leads to a comfortable lifestyle. However, I have met many ____18____ (influence) individuals who live simply and are helpful to those in need. ____19____ they lead a meaningful life touches me so much, ____20____ (make) me deeply appreciative of non-material values. Thus, I believe that a successful life is one ____21____ we can get a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. 【答案】16. whether 17. symbolizes 18. influential 19. That 20. making 21. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了金钱是否能够定义成功，作者认为成功的生活是能够获得满足感和成就感的生活。 【16题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：许多人想知道金钱是否能够定义成功。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，表示“是否”之意，且与or not连用，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：有些人认为，金钱往往象征着成就，是最终目标，因为它能带来舒适的生活方式。空处作which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，which指代先行词money，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填symbolizes。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，我遇到过许多有影响力的简朴生活的人，他们乐于帮助有需要的人。空处修饰名词individuals，应用形容词influential“有影响力的”，作定语。故填influential。 【19题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：他们过着有意义的生活，这让我深受感动，让我对非物质价值深感感激。空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分且句意完整，引导词没有含义，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导，句首单词，首字母大写。故填That。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们过着有意义的生活，这让我深受感动，让我对非物质价值深感感激。空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语为主句内容，与make之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 【21题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：因此，我认为成功的生活是我们能够获得满足感和成就感的生活。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是one，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在成功的生活中”，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The parent-child relationship is an ____22____ (incredible) complex bond. Many parents have the intention to be fully present, yet the ____23____ (demand) nature of modern life easily ____24____ (distract) them. It is crucial for parents to share with their children some quality time, ____25____ the children feel a sense of being valued. ____26____ truly matters is not the length but the quality of time spent together. Parents who engage with their children in a patient and attentive manner create a secure foundation. This presence teaches a child that they are loved for ____27____ they are. 【答案】22. incredibly 23. demanding 24. distracts 25. so that 26. What 27. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亲子关系是一种极其复杂的纽带，强调了父母与孩子共度高质量时光的重要性。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：亲子关系是一种极其复杂的情感纽带。空处修饰形容词complex，应用incredible的副词形式incredibly，意为“极其，非常”，作状语。故填incredibly。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多父母都有意全身心陪伴孩子，但现代生活的高要求特性很容易让他们分心。空处修饰名词nature，应用demand的形容词形式demanding，意为“苛刻的，要求高的”，作定语。故填demanding。 【24题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：许多父母都有意全身心陪伴孩子，但现代生活的高要求特性很容易让他们分心。空处作句子的谓语，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语nature为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填distracts。 【25题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：父母与孩子共度优质时光至关重要，这样能让孩子感受到被重视。空格前后是两个完整分句，前句“共度优质时光至关重要”与后句“孩子感受到被重视”是目的关系，so that表示“以便、为了”，引导目的状语从句，说明父母共度优质时光的目的是让孩子获得被重视感。故填so that。 【26题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：真正重要的不是相处时间的长短，而是相处时间的质量。空处引导主语从句，从句缺主语，表示“重要的事情”，应用连接代词what引导从句，句首单词，首字母大写。故填What。 【27题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这种陪伴让孩子明白，他们是因为自己本身而被爱的。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺表语，指代人的本质、身份，应用连接代词who引导从句。故填who。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，共37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Give a little sunshine! The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks. Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months. “Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to—a breath of fresh air. We talk about everything—theatre, her work, books we’ve read…Listening to someone else’s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.” “At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …” Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life? The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated (独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable, the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation. What are the volunteer qualifications? Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA. And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community! If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. 28. Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience? A. To show her loneliness B. To share a sweet memory. C. To stress the value of CoA D. To praise Rianne’s kindness. 29. One of the responsibilities of volunteers is A. making weekly calls to seniors B. visiting seniors during holidays C. introducing new friends to seniors D. teaching seniors to use smart phones 30. If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do? A. Learn the use of a chat app. B. Prepare a computer by yourself. C. Offer a letter of recommendation. D. Have relevant working experience. 31. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform the readers of COA. B. To invite seniors to sign up for COA C. To introduce volunteer work in COA. D. To advertise for new volunteers for COA. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了COA建立的一个“阳光电话项目”的活动，结构的志愿者与60岁以上的老年人电话连线，为他们减轻孤独感，并宣传招募志愿者。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格中第三段““At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …” (起初，我没预料到电话会打得怎么样，但它却给我带来了一段真正的友谊。Rianne帮助了我很多。)”可知，文章提到Sheila的经历是为了说明COA的志愿者帮助了她很多，故其目的在于强调COA的价值，故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life?部分“Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.(不用离开家，你就可以帮助老年人们见面，帮助他们交朋友。他们然后可以交换电话号码，自己聊天，减轻孤独感。)”可知，志愿者的职责之一就是给老年人介绍新的朋友，从而减轻他们的孤独感，故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章What are the volunteer qualifications?部分中“Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. (志愿者必须可以使用网络，并且愿意接受关于聊天软件使用的培训。)”可知，如果你想要当志愿者，你需要学会聊天软件的使用，故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. (如果你想要在我们的阳光电话项目中当志愿者，那就不要犹豫！点击此处，填写申请表。)”可推知，本篇文章的目的在于为招募志愿者做广告，故选D。 B In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling (解开) wires. Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal instructions — go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon. I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her. Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting (咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La sage” instead. With frustrated strokes, I typed in the correct spelling. Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one. To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience during the whole process. At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs? 32. The author’s mother couldn’t find the recipe online mainly because she was _________. A. too dependent on her family members B. given unclear instructions by the author C. unfamiliar with computers and the Internet D. impatient at searching for the recipe 33. Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last? A. Because he was fed up with his mother’s interruption. B. Because he was pleased to help his mother out. C. Because he didn’t want his mother to be embarrassed. D. Because he thought his mother favored the printed version. 34. What message does the author want to convey? A. It is wise to teach others by examples. B. Putting yourself in others’ shoes is the key to understanding. C. Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded. D. Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself. 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者教母亲使用互联网查食谱时因母亲不熟悉电脑而感到不耐烦，最终回忆起母亲曾耐心教导自己，进而反思应换位思考、耐心回应母亲需求的故事。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon.(十五分钟后，她来找我，告诉我她找不到互联网图标。)”，第三段中“This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe.(这一次，我妈妈说她找不到那个特定的食谱。)”和第四段中“I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page.(然后我意识到她不知道如何向下滚动页面。)”可推知，作者的母亲在网上找不到食谱主要是因为她不熟悉电脑和互联网。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother.(为了避免再次被打扰，我决定为她找食谱。我一句话也没说，迅速下载了几个食谱，打印出来交给了母亲。)”可知，作者最后为他的母亲打印了食谱是因为他受够了母亲的打扰。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs?(当我年轻的时候，我的母亲忍受了我无尽的问题，用极大的耐心启发我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢互换了。既然我母亲可能越来越需要我的帮助，难道我不应该重新考虑如何回应她的需求吗？)”可推知，作者想要传达的信息是设身处地为他人着想是理解的关键。故选B。 C California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ” 35. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________. A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wild C. are found only in California D. almost died out in the 1980s 36. Researchers have found electrical lines are _________. A. blocking condors’ journey home B. big killers of California condors C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away 37. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________. A. makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds 38. This passage shows that _________. A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem 【答案】35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 【解析】 【分析】试题分析：加州兀鹰是北美最大的鸟类，翼展可达3米。20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加州兀鹰几乎绝迹。现在，正通过电击和药物治疗拯救加州兀鹰。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“As they go in to rest for the night”排除A；根据第二段“In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)”可知，condors一直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段“more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico”可知，不止加利福尼亚州有condors，排除C，根据第一段的 In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.可推断，加州秃鹰吸引了研究人员的兴趣是因为他们在20世纪80年代几乎灭绝。故选D。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Electrical lines have been killing them off...Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，兀鹰不知道停在电线上翅膀同时触到两根及两根以上电线会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多兀鹰被电死了，故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据“This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death”可知，摄入大量铅会刺激兀鹰的神经系统，影响它们的生育能力，导致肾衰竭和死亡，因此推断铅中毒让兀鹰很难繁殖小鹰。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据“just under eight years”可知，在野外生存的兀鹰的平均寿命太短，排除A；根据“Although these measures are not effective forever”可知，目前采用的措施并不能永远有效，排除D；根据第六段“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”可知，Rideout团队的研究兴趣在于怎样挽救这一濒危物种，排除B。根据最后一句“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”可知，虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但就目前而言，它们是至关重要的。 因此推断保护兀鹰故选C。 【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。 推理判断题的解题方法：推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思，还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。例如小题4，根据最后一句“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”可知，虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但就目前而言，它们是至关重要的。 因此推断保护兀鹰故选C。 D Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂ 39. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 40. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 41. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 42. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 【答案】39. C 40. B 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。 【42题详解】 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。 点睛：根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点），常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。本题的最后一题为写作意图题。文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现---蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推着写作意图是告知、告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. ___43___ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. ___44___ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ___45___ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ___46___ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ___47___ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. B. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. C. However, the work doesn’t stop there. D. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. E. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. F. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. 【答案】43. G 44. F 45. E 46. A 47. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨善意对人福祉的作用，指出人们常低估善意的影响及背后原因，并给出通过行善对抗内心批判的建议。 【43题详解】 根据前文“It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. (当我告诉你善意对一个人的福祉起着重要作用时，你可能不会感到太大惊讶。它会带来诸如更高的自尊和更低的血压等变化。即使只是目睹善意的行为也能让我们更快乐。)”和后文““From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. (一项研究表明：“从在公园里赠送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里赠送礼物，那些行善的人总是低估接受者会感受到的积极程度，认为自己的行为价值低于接受者所感知的。”)”可知，空格处应体现转折，说明人们并不真正了解善意的影响，G选项“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. (然而，人们可能并不真正知道，即使是最微小的善举也能对他人产生影响。)”中的“Yet”形成转折，承接前文善意的益处，引出后文“低估善举影响”的研究结论，符合语境。故选G项。 【44题详解】 根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? (然而，为什么我们认为别人会从善举中感受到的东西与他们实际感受到的东西之间会有这种差异？为什么我们会低估自己对他人的影响？)”可知，空格处应总结前文的“认知差异”，F选项“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. (这种误解表明，人们在与他人相关的情况下贬低自己的行为。)”中的“This misunderstanding”指代前文“行善者与接受者对善举价值的认知差异”，承接前文并引出后文的疑问，符合语境。故选F项。 【45题详解】 根据前文“Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. (我们很多人都没有真正认识到自己的价值。据估计，多达85%的人都在与自卑感作斗争。)”和后文“This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. (这种‘声音’往往会让我们把注意力转向内心，审视自己的一举一动，并对我们的人际关系产生不良影响。)”可知，空格处应引出后文的“This “voice””，E选项“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. (我们都随身带着一种‘批判性的内心声音’，它往往会贬低我们。)”中的“a ‘critical inner voice’”与后文“This ‘voice’”相呼应，解释了“缺乏自我价值感”的原因，符合语境。故选E项。 【46题详解】 根据前文“Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. (与良心不同，这种内心的批判者并不会激励积极的行为。)”和后文“It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” (它鼓励我们退缩，向我们灌输这样的想法：“别冒险”、“没人想听你说话”以及“你会出丑的”。)”可知，空格处应说明内心批判者的负面影响，A选项“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它让我们与自己为敌，让我们低估自己对他人的有益影响。)”中的“Instead”承接前文“不会激励积极行为”，引出“与自己为敌、低估自身影响”的负面作用，与后文“鼓励退缩”呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 【47题详解】 根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. (对抗内心批判声音的一个好方法是通过善待他人。)”和后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. (我们还必须试着通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。我们能否做到这一点，将有助于决定我们自己的幸福，以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。)”可知，空格处应体现“对抗内心批判”的方法不止一种，C选项“However, the work doesn’t stop there. (然而，这项工作并没有就此结束。)”中的“However”形成转折，承接前文“善待他人”的方法，引出后文“通过他人视角看待自己”的补充建议，符合语境。故选C项。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第48、49题各2分，第50题3分，第51题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 48. How are habits built? ________________________________________________________________ 49. In what way is a routine different from a habit? ________________________________________________________________ 50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ________________________________________________________________ 51. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】48. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 49. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 50. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 51. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 【48题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 【49题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 【51题详解】 开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 【点睛】 第二节(20分) 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国好友Jim在朋友圈看到你们班在主题为“智造纸箱车”的科技节比赛中表现精彩，并取得优异成绩，对此他非常感兴趣，来信询问相关信息，请用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.介绍科技节的活动安排和比赛规则； 2.分析取得优异成绩的原因。 提示词：智造纸箱车 Smart Cardboard Car 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad you’re interested in our “Smart Cardboard Car” contest! The tech festival lasted three days, with the cardboard car contest as the highlight on the final day. The rule was simple: use only cardboard and eco-friendly glue to build a car that can carry one person and move smoothly for 20 meters. Our success mainly comes from two things. First, we divided tasks clearly — some designed the structure, others tested its stability. Second, we turned to our physics teacher for advice on balancing weight and reducing friction. That’s how we stood out! I’ll send you some photos later. Feel free to ask more questions. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写信，介绍科技节的活动安排和比赛规则并分析取得优异成绩的原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 对……感兴趣：be interested in→be keen on 突出：stand out→stick out 清晰地：clearly→distinctly 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Second, we turned to our physics teacher for advice on balancing weight and reducing friction. 拓展句：Second, it was our physics teacher that we turned to for advice on balancing weight and reducing friction. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The rule was simple: use only cardboard and eco-friendly glue to build a car that can carry one person and move smoothly for 20 meters.（运用了that引导限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Second, we turned to our physics teacher for advice on balancing weight and reducing friction.（运用了动名词短语作宾语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $