专题04 七选五阅读（期末真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 七选五阅读 主题01 人与自我——个人成长 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省宁德市·期末） Essays are an extended piece of writing that presents an argument or information on a topic. They can vary in purpose, style and type but they all involve questioning, assessing and discussing ideas or evidence. Here are four tips on how to write an essay: introducing your essay, focusing on it structure, using quotes and sources, and ending with a conclusion. A good introduction explains the facts that the reader needs to know first. 1 Be clear about your aims and always write in the third person. It’s a good idea to begin your essay using the same style of language as the question, to show you are answering it directly. 2 Paragraphs can help. Start with a “topic sentence” that introduces what the paragraph is about. At the end, bring your topic to a close so the reader can move on to the next idea. 3 They connect it to the previous one. If you used ideas from a book in your essay, you can include snippets from it to support your points. These are quotes and have speech marks around them to show they are not your words. 4 For example, “Dr Roberts says, ‘Climate change is...’”. At the end of the essay, you can list all the books that helped you. In your final paragraph, you should conclude by summarising all your points to show how you have answered the essay question. You might begin this section with “In conclusion,” and your tone should be confident. 5 A．You should also share who said it. B．It helps readers improve their writing skills. C．To help the reader follow your ideas, you need structure. D．Writing essays is an unavoidable but fun part of studying lots of subjects. E．It sums up what the essay will be about and what you are trying to prove. F．Here you can write in the first person and give your own opinion on the topic. G．You can use words such as “however” or “furthermore” to start a new paragraph. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末） Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and finding your place in the world. 1 If you’re looking to making your life enjoyable, there are many things you can do! Focus more on your own thoughts. The teenage years may be full of worries, which are mostly based on what other people think. Stop paying so much attention to them and do what you want to do in life. 2 It’s OK to have your opinions, but you can’t start an argument in an inappropriate way. Discover and engage in your interests. 3 It’s never too late to develop a hobby that interests you. Maybe you’ll even find your life passion! Now it is the time to experiment. Don’t stick to just one sort. From fashion to music, you can explore all kinds of possibilities. Find friends inspiring you to be your best. You don’t need to be at the top of the social food chain and know everybody at school, but you should at least try to have a few faithful friends throughout your teenage years. Friendships are a good place to build your social skills, and building stable relationships with others can help you determine what you can be. 4 Do things that make others happy. Consider doing basic things to help people have a brighter day — tell someone they look fantastic, hold the door open for others, etc. 5 Get ready to help to make the world a better place by making others’ lives more enjoyable! A．Don’t be afraid to try new things. B．Of course, there are also some limits to this. C．These basic helps can improve self-development. D．Friendship is the building blocks for all relationships. E．Something that seems little to you can cheer others up. F．But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teenage years. G．Most importantly, life becomes easier and brighter with friends. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第十五中学·期末） Self Love Our failure to love ourselves is that we have been taught to be selfless from the start of time. Self-love is not selfish. It only helps us better understand which sacrifices are worth making! Let’s explore the key elements that contribute to it. Self-Acceptance You have to truly accept who you are. And by acceptance, I do not mean just your strengths, you have to recognize your weaknesses, too. 1 The core of self-acceptance is to be authentic with yourself. 2 It is a good thing to be compassionate about your environment but in the process, don’t forget to be compassionate with yourself, too. Forgive yourself for the mistakes that you make, the goals that you fail, or whenever you face a setback. Treat yourself with the same level of empathy you would offer to someone you love the most. Self-Care Has anyone of us ever asked ourselves who we should be caring for the most in the world? Our parents? Family? Friends? Relations? I will tell you a simple answer. Ourselves! The expectation of waiting for someone else to care for you is delusional (妄想的). 3 Look after your relations but do not forget to look after yourself. You can only give something that you have in abundance. Boundaries You have to love and respect yourself enough not to let people use and abuse you. 4 You have to let people clearly know how you won’t tolerate being treated. You have to let them know how you expect to be treated. Emotional Availability When you have the capacity to take care of your own emotions, you become emotionally stable. This stability allows you to better empathize (同理心) with and understand your partner’s experiences and emotions. 5 A．Self-Esteem B．Self-Compassion C．You have to set limitations and keep them. D．Due to this, you can offer them genuine care and support. E．Self-love is crucial for resolving conflicts in relationships. F．Only you can care for yourself the most in a way nobody else can. G．Your imperfections, insecurities and perfections shape your personality. 主题02 人与自我——技能提升 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省漳州市·期末） New Study: This Polite Phrase May Soon Be a Thing of the Past It turns out that saying “please” isn’t as common — or polite — as you think. New research published in Social Psychology Quarterly found that people use the word “please” when making a request adismal (凄凉的) 7% of the time. Even more interesting: 1 “We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a professor of sociology at UCLA．Not only do people use “please” less than 10% of the time when making requests, but they also tend to use it most when they expect a “no” response is happening soon. 2 The study found that more often than not, this polite habit is being used inpushy (死缠硬磨的) situations. 3 Here’s what the study found: when asking someone to stop doing what they’re doing and do what the asker wants instead, such as interrupting a colleague at work to ask for help with your project or your child asking for more candy after you’ve already said no. Can saying “please” still be polite? 4 “If someone is trying to be more polite, I would recommend adding other polite phrases first, before adding in more ‘pleases’” Stiver says. “Example of polite requests that don’t use “please”: Would you be available? Mind giving me a quick hand with this? Bottom line: Not saying “please” doesn’t mean that you’re being impolite. 5 The most important part of having good behaviour is treating the other person with kindness and respect, both in word and deed. A．Saying “please” is rare. B．Is saying “please” actually rude? C．Technically, yes, as long as you don’t overuse it. D．And saying “please” doesn’t ensure that you are being polite. E．The survey was about the same across age, gender and social status. F．So when are people most likely to use “please” in request-making situations? G．The study investigated when and where people use “please” in everyday requests. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田华侨中学·期末） Every night, no matter how tired I am, I carve out at least 5 to 10 minutes for a quick lesson on my language learning app. I might not be fluent yet. 1 Learning a new language can be incredibly helpful for cognitive health, particularly as we age. This is because language learning engages a wide range of complex cognitive abilities. They include memory, attention, and problem-solving, which can help to create and strengthen connections in the brain. The benefits go beyond protecting the brain against the effects of aging. 2 We are all citizens of the world, and it’s important for us to stay connected with other cultures and people from different backgrounds. Of course, knowing the benefits doesn’t necessarily make the process easy. Time and devotion are two common challenges when it comes to learning a new language. But a big part of the reason why it’s so tough comes down to our self-consciousness. 3 Being scared to practise or embarrassed about making mistakes certainly doesn’t make it any easier! 4 Consistency is the key! Even just 5 to 10 minutes a day can help. Being exposed to and using the target language on a daily basis, even in small amounts, can significantly boost fluency. Besides, don’t just limit your daily learning to your lessons. 5 This can be done through media, such as movies and music, which helps to build listening skills and exposes the learner to the language being used in its natural context. Language learning is a gradual process. Embracing mistakes as part of the learning journey and staying motivated through setting achievable goals can make the experience both effective and enjoyable. A．This allows people to learn languages naturally and efficiently. B．But that’s exactly why learning a new language can be so beneficial. C．Experts also note that language learning can help promote social connections. D．It’s important to completely involve yourself in the language you want to acquire. E．However, according to the experts, my daily lessons have far-reaching significance. F．Feeling anxious can stand in the way of our progress when learning a new language. G．Fortunately, there are plenty of effective ways to achieve your language-learning goals. 主题03 人与自然——健康生活 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省泉州市·期末） It’s well understood that humour can have powerful impacts on both our physical and mental health. 1 To better understand which types of humour promote mental wellness, and which forms may be actively harmful, psychologist Rod Martin broke humour down into four styles. Affiliative (有亲和力的) humour refers to jokes about things that everyone might find funny. 2 The types of jokes told by comedians like Jerry Seinfeld represent this sort of humour. If you’ve ever bantered (调侃) with a coworker or among your friends, you’ve used affiliative humour. 3 It’s often used as a way to deal with stress or hardship and feel better as a result. Jon Stewart from the Daily Show often uses self-enhancing humour by saying things such as, “Maybe I just don’t understand,” or “I’m not the brightest guy.” Aggressive (好斗的) humour is laughing at the expense of others. This is the humour that is used by more aggressive comedians, such as Don Rickles or the late Joan Rivers. Some of the audience to this type of humour will find it funny. 4 Self-defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain approval from others. The late comedian Rodney Dangerfield would be an example. People who use self-defeating humor may try to make themselves appear more socially acceptable, but it can have the opposite effect and cause people to distance themselves from them. 5 And it is sometimes used to try to avoid attacks-making oneself the target of jokes before others put you down. A．It is employed to facilitate relationships. B．It is capable of turning anxiety into pleasure. C．Yet not all types of humour have the same effect. D．Self-enhancing humour can raise one’s confidence. E．So this can be an unhealthy form of humour psychologically. F．Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself. G．However, others might laugh to cover up a feeling of discomfort. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第二十五中学·期末） If you're familiar with the story of the hare (野兔) and the tortoise (乌龟), you know that the tortoise proved that perseverance is much more important than speed. 1 ,  but fewer people have the patience and perseverance of the tortoise. Here are some tips that can help you to improve your perseverance. ●Set goals and write them down. If you don't know what you want to accomplish, it's hard to persevere (坚持) until you do. 2 instead of making many projects that may upset you. ● 3 ,  and cross each step off the list as you complete it. If you want to master the ability to cook German dishes, you'll need to read cookbooks, study the Recipes,buy ingredients (食料) and practise making the dishes. Write down all these steps and remove each step as you go. ●Make a list of the rewards related to any project to encourage yourself to persevere. When you want to lose 40 pounds, it may seem like a difficult goal. 4 .You can lower your blood sugar or fit into your favorite pair of jeans (牛仔裤). Keep those rewards in mind to encourage yourself to stick to your diet and exercise program. ●Imagine your success. Take time each day to  sit back,  relax and picture the  life  you'll  lead once you've reached your goal. 5 . Read them over several times a day to encourage yourself to keep going. A．Like the hare, many people start off strong B．Or you can write out a paragraph or two about how reaching your goal will change your life C．You can't lose weight only by going on a diet D．Make a list of the steps needed to reach your goal E．But there are big rewards for doing so F．Choose one or two goals that are most important to you and work toward those G．And you should focus on every step carefully 主题01 人与自我——自我管理 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省龙岩市·期末） 4 Productivity Tips to Achieve More with Less Getting things done isn’t about working at full speed all day. 1 . Here are four productivity tips that can help you focus on what truly matters. Shut out the shallow Tasks such as answering emails are considered “shallow work.” It’s essential to recognize these tasks and allow yourself to block them out temporarily. 2 Many successful individuals, like Bill Gates and Maya Angelou, have separated themselves to improve their productivity by cutting out shallow distractions. Call it a day 3 . When your planned work session concluded, transition into relaxation by using Cal New port’s shutdown ritual (仪式). Review your unfinished tasks, write down a plan for tackling them tomorrow, and then declare “Shut down complete!” This simple act signals the end of your work thoughts for the day, allowing you to enjoy your free time and give your mind the rest it deserves. Find your top-level goal Warden buffet’s technique for prioritizing goals is straightforward: write down your top 20 goals and draw a line under number five. 4 For a more structured approach, create a goal pyramid, with your life’s purpose at the top, such as inspiring others or helping society. Mid-level goals, like passing an exam, should support your top goal, while smaller tasks, such as writing an email or conducting research, should feed into these objectives. Cut out any tasks that do not contribute to your main goals. 5 When working on significant tasks, like a big presentation, consider using the Pomodoro technique. Francesco Cirillo recommends 25 minutes of intense focus followed by a 5-minute break. This approach allows your brain to recover, keeping your productivity high while tackling substantial tasks in manageable units. By carrying out these strategies, you can enhance your productivity and achieve more with less effort. A．Make your breaks smarter B．Take a nap during the break C．Establish a strict end to your working day D．The best way is to know what you want to achieve E．Focus merely on those first five until they are accomplished F．In fact, finding ways to do less while achieving more can be quite effective G．This will enable you to concentrate on important tasks requiring “deep work” Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建师范大学附中·期末） What’s social jet lag (社交时差)? Social jet lag occurs when you stay up later and then sleep in later on weekends than you do on weekdays. Changing the hours that you sleep from day to day affects your body’s natural internal clock. Social jet lag affects the body similarly to travel jet lag. When you shift your sleeping hours, your body feels as if it were in a different time zone. 1 For example, if you stay up late on Saturday night and then sleep in on Sunday morning, you will likely have a hard time falling asleep on Sunday night. This is because your body has not been awake for enough hours to feel tired at your usual Sunday bedtime. 2 Yet, frequently changing your body’s internal clock doesn’t just cause daytime sleepiness. 3 Social jet lag has been linked with several chronic (慢性的) health problems. Changes in internal clock caused by inconsistent sleeping hours lead to changes in the circulatory (循环) system and raise the risk of heart disease. Individuals who regularly experience social jet lag are also more likely to smoke cigarettes and consume more caffeine. These habits can significantly influence sleep. Sticking to your sleep schedule is an important part of addressing social jet lag. 4 A 2019 study found that when participants kept their sleep and wakeup times within 15 to 30 minutes of the same time each day, they reported better sleep, less depression, and less stress. Study participants were also able to improve their cognitive reaction time scores. 5 If you usually change your regular sleep schedule on weekends, it may be time to try to keep a more consistent one. While it may feel difficult to keep the same sleeping hours each day, you will likely notice the health benefits right away. A．It can significantly impact your health as well. B．This can make falling and staying asleep difficult. C．Moreover, establishing a regular sleep schedule is crucial. D．Adjust your sleep schedule, and everything will be OK. E．This likely makes waking up early on Monday morning difficult. F．Aim to go to bed at the same time every day, even on weekends. G．In general, social jet lag is a common problem that we may all experience. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州市·期末） Like a waving flag and the rhythms of language, food is one of the key aspects to understand culture. When looking to understand a people and their history, one can search in libraries and study books. 1 Through ingredients, tastes, smells and colors, we are told tales of struggle, love, pride and passion. It is through the dinner plate that we can deepen our understanding of different cultures. To appreciate food’s role in understanding culture, we must go back to food’s basic effects on societies around the world. 2 In every civilization around the world, humans use food as a tool to bond, socialize and connect. From our ancestors gathering around the fire for meals as their social point, food has always played a central role in our lives. 3 For example, the Mid-autumn festival, Spring Festival, and birthdays, all serve as the backdrop for our relationships. We eat family meals, a moment in the day for us to come together and share stories, struggles and successes. We help our friends get over breakups by coming over with ice cream, gift chocolates to lovers. 4 We build deep, meaningful connections with each other, food serving as the gel (凝胶), It's the way we’ve evolved, making social eating deeply important for our psychological health. 5 It’s how we identify where we’re from; the history of our cultures. If food is a symbol of cultural expression, then it reflects all aspects of human nature. A．Beyond basic nutrition, food is social. B．And we celebrate weddings with grand feasts. C．Food, thus, becomes a core part of who we are. D．It continues to bond us together in modern celebrations. E．These ceremonies in cooking practices serve as cultural markers. F．Yet there exists a story not found in old books, but on the dinner table. G．When learning culture, we can see how it's changed human beings. 主题02 人与社会——群体互动 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省三明市·期末） Life is full of uncertainties and surprises. You often make detailed plans, but things don’t always go as expected. Have you ever been in such a situation? 1 The phrase “play it by ear” is not often used in a serious way. Actually the expression is all about being flexible. 2 Just like a musician playing an instrument without sheet music, you make decisions based on what you observe as things happen, rather than following a strict schedule. The phrase has its roots in music. Musicians sometimes play a piece without looking at sheet music. Instead, they rely on their “ear” to guide them. 3 It depends on musicians’ ability to listen and create music on the spot. Over time, “play it by ear” turned into a broader phrase describing the ability to adapt in non-musical, situations. 4 For social plans like a party, if you’re not sure how long you want to stay at a party, you might say, “Let’s play it by ear and see bow the evening goes.” In work meetings, you may use it to adjust strategies flexibly. And for travel plans, this phrase suggests that you’ll decide on stops and activities based on what you feel like doing at the time. In each example, “play it by ear” allows for a relaxed, adaptable approach. 5 By freeing from fixed planning, you open yourselves up to a world of possibilities and handle all challenges gracefully. A．Use the phrase carefully. B．Don’t look at sheet music. C．This skill is known as “ear play”. D．“Play it by ear” is used in many situations. E．In short, “play it by ear” is a crucial life strategy. F．That’s when you might decide to “play it by ear”. G．It means dealing with a situation without a fixed plan. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市莆田第九中学·期末） Individuals’ communication skills play a vital role in promoting effective communication within the workplace. This ensures employees have the information they need to perform well, builds a positive work environment, and improves efficiencies. 1 Work culture and technology can also play into how effective communication is in your workplace. Here are some ways you can improve workplace communication. Communicating effectively with coworkers is key to having a positive experience at work. When interacting with coworkers, you need to pay attention to nonverbal cues. 2 As you’re speaking with somebody, be mindful of your coworkers’ nonverbal cues; this attentiveness will enhance your communication with them. 3 When you have something to communicate, consider its importance, urgency, and complexity, and pick the right channel accordingly. Have a simple team reminder? A quick group message or email can get the point across. Need to learn or teach somebody how to use a tool? A face­to­face meeting might be the better method. It is important to make meetings efficient. Research indicates that only 50 percent of time spent in meetings is considered a good use of time by attendees. 4 You can set an agenda for each meeting, and send out the agenda and other materials that will be discussed to the team ahead of time. Besides, only invite people who need to be invited. Communication skills are called skills for a reason — they can be learned and require practice to master. 5 Improving Communication Skills from the University of Pennsylvania and Teamwork Skills: Communicating Effectively in Groups from the University of Colorado Boulder are good choices. A．Not every issue deserves its own meeting. B．Tone and body language can convey a lot that words don’t. C．Good news is that there are ways to make meetings effective. D．Most of the time, meetings are an effective way of communication. E．Successful employers are characterized by effective communication. F．Workplace communication starts at the individual but doesn’t stop there. G．If you’re trying to improve your communication skills, consider taking a course. 主题03 人与社会——文化交流 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田第一中学·期末） The Spring Festival has come and gone, leaving many young adults with a significant inflow of pocket money from their family and loved ones. When it comes to managing the substantial amount of pocket money you may have received, it’s crucial to approach this new-found wealth with wisdom and foresight. 1 Take the time to assess the total amount of money you have received and allocate it wisely. By creating a budget you can prioritize your spending. distinguish between needs and wants, and make informed decisions about where your money should go. Also, it’s essential to cultivate the habit of saving. 2 instead, set aside a portion of your pocket money for savings. Whether it’s for future goals, emergencies, or long-term financial security. consistent saving can have a profound impact on your financial well-being. Before your buying anything, think twice. 3 Ask yourself if it agrees with your values and long-term goals. By practicing restraint and making intentional decisions, you can avoid unnecessary regrets and ensure that your pocket money is put to good use. 4 While it’s important to fully enjoy the pleasures that come with having extra pocket money, don’t lose sight of the bigger picture. Use this financial windfall as an opportunity to establish healthy financial habits and lay the groundwork for your long-term financial success. Lastly, seek guidance from trusted adults or financial mentors. 5 Don’t hesitate to ask for help when it comes to managing your new-found wealth responsibly. A．Pause and reflect on each purchase. B．First, open a saving account in the bank. C．Setting a budget is of crucial importance. D．Resist the temptation to spend your entire windfall in one go. E．They can provide valuable insights and offer personalized advice. F．Strike a balance between enjoying the present and preparing for the future. G．Maximize the benefits of your pocket money by making wise financial choices. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省厦门大学附属科技中学·期末） As research is becoming more international and multidisciplinary (涉及多门学科的), some people think the Nobel Prize award system is outdated and needs some changes. When Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895, he specified the areas of work in which they should be awarded, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. 1 The only change has been the introduction of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1969. 2 Researchers have spent much of the last century developing specialized and sub-specialized fields of study, and now it has become clear that these sub-specializations are not independent of each other but closely related. Some greatest discoveries have been achieved through cooperation between disciplines. Watson (a physicist) and Crick (a biologist) together discovered the structure of DNA． 3 One example is the ENCODE project for human genome sequencing (基因组测序), which involved very large international teams that worked together over decades. But except for the prize for Peace, which can be awarded to organizations, all other Nobel Prizes are awarded to individuals. Further, the Nobel Prize allows a maximum of three shared winners for each of the disciplines awarded. 4 Perhaps it is time for change. With the Nobel Prize as a current hot topic of discussion, the issue of its incompatibility (不匹配) with multidisciplinary research has been discussed by several leading international newsletters. 5 The Guardian suggests that new interdisciplinary categories be introduced and varied every year. Scientific American proposes increasing the maximum number of awardees. Whatever be the way forward, it is clear that the trend toward multidisciplinary studies should be acknowledged and encouraged. A．They compared genome sequences. B．Some changes have been recommended. C．However, some are achieved individually. D．But science has developed tremendously since 1895. E．Even today the Nobel Prize is awarded in these categories. F．This means that not all members can receive this great honor. G．Also, modem scientific breakthroughs often result from collective efforts. 主题04 人与社会——人际沟通 Passage 1 （2024~2025学年高二上学期·福建仙游第一中学·期末） First of all, we need to understand that handling interpersonal relationships is not as simple as treating others to meals or giving gifts. In today’s era, everyone seems to carry an invisible list of treating and gifting, from dinner parties to wedding banquets, from Mid-Autumn mooncakes to Spring Festival red envelopes, which all seem to be tightly wrapped in the “human relationship culture”. 1 The Mehrabian Principle Psychologist Albert Mehrabian put forward a very interesting formula, which reveals the importance of the three major elements in communication: the content of words accounts for only 7%, the tone of voice accounts for 38%, and a high 55% of the information actually comes from non-verbal body language. 2 Whether your eyes are wandering or firm when you speak, whether your gestures are fluttering or quiet, these subtle details that are easily ignored are the truth of interpersonal communication. Non-verbal Communication From the perspective of language psychology, a person’s speaking intonation, pitch, and speed will affect others’ understanding of his intentions. At the beginning of Martin Luther King’s speech, his tone was calm and low, with analysis and contemplation, telling the facts of racial inequality and gradually introducing hope. 3 Finally, it reached the peak in “Freedom forever”. The reason why this speech moved the audience was not only relying on the words, but also on the passion and hope conveyed by the tone. Emotional Capital The “emotional capital” in sociology can help us understand the role of the Mehrabian Principle in interpersonal relationships. 4 Treating others to meals can accumulate short-term goodwill, but only long-term emotional investment can make interpersonal relationships as stable as bank deposits and play a role at critical moments. Facial Expression Management As the saying goes, “You don’t hit a person who smiles at you”. A sincere smile can instantly shorten the distance between people. 5 A face that often wears a smile will make people feel that you are friendly and approachable, and they are willing to have in-depth communication with you. A．However, in fact, the key to interpersonal communication does not lie in material things, but in the emotional transmission during communication. B．When he said “I have a dream”, his tone rose, full of passion and expectation, and his voice became more powerful and rhythmic. C．This means that non-verbal signals are far more influential than the words themselves in communication. D．Emotional capital is a relational asset accumulated through emotional interaction, which creates trust in long-term relationships. E．Whether it’s a workplace meeting or a social gathering, a smile is always the best icebreaker. F．Many people believe that material gifts are the most direct way to maintain relationships. G．It is difficult to build trust with others if you always show a cold or unfriendly expression. Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末） Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. 1 Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal. The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile. Its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. 2 There are many ways around the world to show approval. 3 Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means refusal. Besides, in almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen. 4 Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. There are so many cultural differences between people. 5 We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do! A．We just tend to put on a smile to gain agreement. B．It is possible to “read” others around us. C．How about showing that I am bored? D．People may worry about learning body language. E．However, the general purpose is to show good feelings. F．Therefore, it is great to have some similarities in body language. G．Nevertheless, nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田锦江中学·期末） Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first. 1 There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize. First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used. 2 Remember, you will be raising a topic that may recall a bad experience or bad feelings. Be respectful as you approach this task. Be direct and brief in your approach. Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. 3 Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance. 4 If you think of the offense (冒犯) as an emotional bruise (瘀伤), think of the healing process as the color changes we see as a bruise heals. 5 Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions. A．Forgiveness and acceptance may take time. B．To give or receive a good apology is an art. C．But with practice, everyone can learn to do it. D．Listening to the response to our apologies is important. E．Most apologies can and should happen in a private setting. F．In other words, avoid excuses and offer to repair the damage. G．Taking responsibility doesn’t mean accepting blame for everything. 1 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 七选五阅读 主题01 人与自我——个人成长 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省宁德市·期末） Essays are an extended piece of writing that presents an argument or information on a topic. They can vary in purpose, style and type but they all involve questioning, assessing and discussing ideas or evidence. Here are four tips on how to write an essay: introducing your essay, focusing on it structure, using quotes and sources, and ending with a conclusion. A good introduction explains the facts that the reader needs to know first. 1 Be clear about your aims and always write in the third person. It’s a good idea to begin your essay using the same style of language as the question, to show you are answering it directly. 2 Paragraphs can help. Start with a “topic sentence” that introduces what the paragraph is about. At the end, bring your topic to a close so the reader can move on to the next idea. 3 They connect it to the previous one. If you used ideas from a book in your essay, you can include snippets from it to support your points. These are quotes and have speech marks around them to show they are not your words. 4 For example, “Dr Roberts says, ‘Climate change is...’”. At the end of the essay, you can list all the books that helped you. In your final paragraph, you should conclude by summarising all your points to show how you have answered the essay question. You might begin this section with “In conclusion,” and your tone should be confident. 5 A．You should also share who said it. B．It helps readers improve their writing skills. C．To help the reader follow your ideas, you need structure. D．Writing essays is an unavoidable but fun part of studying lots of subjects. E．It sums up what the essay will be about and what you are trying to prove. F．Here you can write in the first person and give your own opinion on the topic. G．You can use words such as “however” or “furthermore” to start a new paragraph. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何书写一篇文章。 1．根据上文“A good introduction explains the facts that the reader needs to know first.(一篇好的导言首先解释了读者需要知道的事实)”以及后文“Be clear about your aims and always write in the third person. It’s a good idea to begin your essay using the same style of language as the question, to show you are answering it directly.(明确你的目标，用第三人称写作。用与问题相同的语言风格来开始你的文章是个好主意，这样可以表明你在直接回答问题)”可知，本句主要说明导言需要包含的内容。故E选项“它概括了文章的内容和你想要证明的东西”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“Paragraphs can help. Start with a “topic sentence” that introduces what the paragraph is about. At the end, bring your topic to a close so the reader can move on to the next idea.(段落可以有所帮助。从“主题句”开始，介绍这段话的内容。最后，结束你的主题，这样读者就可以继续下一个想法了)”可知，本段主要针对文章的结构提出了一些建议，故C选项“为了帮助读者理解你的想法，你需要结构”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据后文“They connect it to the previous one.(它们把它和前一个连接起来)”可知，本句主要说明如何连接段落，G选项中however和furthermore对应后文They。故G选项“你可以用‘however’或‘furthermore’这样的词来开始一个新的段落”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据后文“For example, “Dr Roberts says, ‘Climate change is...’”. At the end of the essay, you can list all the books that helped you.(例如，“罗伯茨博士说，‘气候变化是……’”。在文章的最后，你可以列出所有帮助过你的书)”可知，后文的例子表明需要说明是谁的观点，故A选项“你也应该分享是谁说的”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据上文“In your final paragraph, you should conclude by summarising all your points to show how you have answered the essay question. You might begin this section with “In conclusion,” and your tone should be confident.(在你的最后一段，你应该总结你所有的观点来表明你是如何回答文章问题的。你可以用“总结”来开始这个部分，你的语气应该自信)”可知，上文提到了如何写最后一段，且最后一段主要和自己的观点有关，故F选项“在这里，你可以用第一人称写出你对这个话题的看法”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省南平市·期末） Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and finding your place in the world. 1 If you’re looking to making your life enjoyable, there are many things you can do! Focus more on your own thoughts. The teenage years may be full of worries, which are mostly based on what other people think. Stop paying so much attention to them and do what you want to do in life. 2 It’s OK to have your opinions, but you can’t start an argument in an inappropriate way. Discover and engage in your interests. 3 It’s never too late to develop a hobby that interests you. Maybe you’ll even find your life passion! Now it is the time to experiment. Don’t stick to just one sort. From fashion to music, you can explore all kinds of possibilities. Find friends inspiring you to be your best. You don’t need to be at the top of the social food chain and know everybody at school, but you should at least try to have a few faithful friends throughout your teenage years. Friendships are a good place to build your social skills, and building stable relationships with others can help you determine what you can be. 4 Do things that make others happy. Consider doing basic things to help people have a brighter day — tell someone they look fantastic, hold the door open for others, etc. 5 Get ready to help to make the world a better place by making others’ lives more enjoyable! A．Don’t be afraid to try new things. B．Of course, there are also some limits to this. C．These basic helps can improve self-development. D．Friendship is the building blocks for all relationships. E．Something that seems little to you can cheer others up. F．But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teenage years. G．Most importantly, life becomes easier and brighter with friends. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过专注于个人想法、发掘兴趣、结交志同道合的朋友和帮助他人来享受充实的青少年生活。 1．根据空前的“Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and finding your place in the world.(青少年时期可能充满挑战，因为你需要应对更高的期望并找到自己在世界中的位置。)”可知，青少年时期充满挑战，结合空后的“If you’re looking to making your life enjoyable, there are many things you can do!(如果你希望让生活变得愉快，有很多事情可以做！)”可知，青少年时期也可以让生活变得愉快，由此可知，此空与空前内容为转折关系，F选项“But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teenage years.(但这并不意味着你不能享受青少年时期。)”与前文提到的青少年时期的挑战相呼应，同时引出下文关于如何让生活变得更加愉快的方法，符合逻辑。故选F项。 2．根据段落主题句“Focus more on your own thoughts.(更多关注自己的想法。)”以及空前的“Stop paying so much attention to them and do what you want to do in life.(停止过多关注他们，去做你想做的事情吧。)”可知，本段建议青少年专注自己的想法，结合空后的“It’s OK to have your opinions, but you can’t start an argument in an inappropriate way.(你可以有自己的意见，但不能以不合适的方式引发争论。)”可知，此空应承上启下，从专注自己的想法，过渡到不能以不合适的方式引发争论，B选项“Of course, there are also some limits to this.(当然，这也有一些限制。)”与空后讲述的内容一致，且其中的this指代的事空前的内容，符合语境。故选B项。 3．根据本段的主题句“Discover and engage in your interests.(发现并参与你的兴趣爱好。)”以及空后的“It’s never too late to develop a hobby that interests you. Maybe you’ll even find your life passion! Now it is the time to experiment. Don’t stick to just one sort.(培养一项你感兴趣的爱好永远不会太晚。也许你甚至会找到一生的热情所在！现在是时候进行尝试了。不要局限于一种类型。)”可知，本段讨论了探索和发展个人兴趣的重要性，鼓励尝试新事物，A选项“Don’t be afraid to try new things.(不要害怕尝试新事物。)”与本段主题一致，且引出空后的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据本段的主题句“Find friends inspiring you to be your best.(寻找那些激励你成为最好自己的朋友。)”以及空前的“Friendships are a good place to build your social skills, and building stable relationships with others can help you determine what you can be.(友谊是建立社交技能的好地方，与他人建立稳定的关系可以帮助你确定自己能够成为什么样的人。)”可知，本段讲述的是建立友谊关系的重要性，G选项“Most importantly, life becomes easier and brighter with friends.(最重要的是，有朋友相伴的生活会变得更轻松、更光明。)”讲述的内容与本段的主题吻合，且进一步强调了朋友的重要性，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据空前的“Consider doing basic things to help people have a brighter day—tell someone they look fantastic, hold the door open for others, etc.(考虑做一些基本的事情来帮助人们拥有更美好的一天——告诉某人他们看起来很棒，为他人开门等。)”以及空后的“Get ready to help to make the world a better place by making others’ lives more enjoyable!(准备好通过让他人生活更加愉快来帮助改善世界吧！)”可知，本段是建议青少年通过做一些下事情来帮助比人拥有更美好的一天，E选项“Something that seems little to you can cheer others up.(对你来说看似微不足道的事情却能振奋他人。)”讲述的内容与本段主题吻合，且其中的“Something that seems little to you”与空前的basic things指代内容一致，另外，“cheer others up”与空后的“making others’ lives more enjoyable”内容吻合。故选E项。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第十五中学·期末） Self Love Our failure to love ourselves is that we have been taught to be selfless from the start of time. Self-love is not selfish. It only helps us better understand which sacrifices are worth making! Let’s explore the key elements that contribute to it. Self-Acceptance You have to truly accept who you are. And by acceptance, I do not mean just your strengths, you have to recognize your weaknesses, too. 1 The core of self-acceptance is to be authentic with yourself. 2 It is a good thing to be compassionate about your environment but in the process, don’t forget to be compassionate with yourself, too. Forgive yourself for the mistakes that you make, the goals that you fail, or whenever you face a setback. Treat yourself with the same level of empathy you would offer to someone you love the most. Self-Care Has anyone of us ever asked ourselves who we should be caring for the most in the world? Our parents? Family? Friends? Relations? I will tell you a simple answer. Ourselves! The expectation of waiting for someone else to care for you is delusional (妄想的). 3 Look after your relations but do not forget to look after yourself. You can only give something that you have in abundance. Boundaries You have to love and respect yourself enough not to let people use and abuse you. 4 You have to let people clearly know how you won’t tolerate being treated. You have to let them know how you expect to be treated. Emotional Availability When you have the capacity to take care of your own emotions, you become emotionally stable. This stability allows you to better empathize (同理心) with and understand your partner’s experiences and emotions. 5 A．Self-Esteem B．Self-Compassion C．You have to set limitations and keep them. D．Due to this, you can offer them genuine care and support. E．Self-love is crucial for resolving conflicts in relationships. F．Only you can care for yourself the most in a way nobody else can. G．Your imperfections, insecurities and perfections shape your personality. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了学会自爱的关键因素。 1．前文“You have to truly accept who you are. And by acceptance, I do not mean just your strengths, you have to recognize your weaknesses, too.(你必须真正接受自己。我所说的接受，不仅仅是指你的优点，你也必须认识到你的缺点)”表明应接受自己的优点和缺点，G选项“你的不完美、不安全感和完美塑造了你的个性”提到自己的不完美，说明了要接受自己缺点的原因。故选G。 2．空处为小标题，后文“It is a good thing to be compassionate about your environment but in the process, don’t forget to be compassionate with yourself, too.(对周围的环境有同情心是一件好事，但在这个过程中，不要忘记对自己也有同情心)”表示本段涉及的主题是“自我同情”，B选项“自我同情”符合主旨。故选B。 3．前文“The expectation of waiting for someone else to care for you is delusional.(期待别人来关心你是一种妄想)”说明不能指望别人的关心和照顾，所以应学会自己照顾自己，F选项“只有你能以别人无法做到的方式最关心自己”符合语境，此句中care for与前一句中care for对应。故选F。 4．结合小标题“Boundaries(界限)”及前文“You have to love and respect yourself enough not to let people use and abuse you.(你必须足够爱和尊重自己，不要让别人利用和虐待你)”可知，一定要设限，保持分寸，让别人知道自己不想被轻易对待，C选项“你必须设定限制并保持它们”符合语境。故选C。 5．前文“When you have the capacity to take care of your own emotions, you become emotionally stable. This stability allows you to better empathize (同理心) with and understand your partner’s experiences and emotions.(当你有能力照顾自己的情绪时，你的情绪就会变得稳定。这种稳定性让你更好地理解和理解伙伴的经历和情绪)”表示，只有当自己有能力照顾自己的情绪时，才有可能照顾别人的情绪，D选项“因此，你可以为他们提供真正的关心和支持”承接上文，表示为他人提供支持和关心。故选D。 主题02 人与自我——技能提升 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省漳州市·期末） New Study: This Polite Phrase May Soon Be a Thing of the Past It turns out that saying “please” isn’t as common — or polite — as you think. New research published in Social Psychology Quarterly found that people use the word “please” when making a request adismal (凄凉的) 7% of the time. Even more interesting: 1 “We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a professor of sociology at UCLA．Not only do people use “please” less than 10% of the time when making requests, but they also tend to use it most when they expect a “no” response is happening soon. 2 The study found that more often than not, this polite habit is being used inpushy (死缠硬磨的) situations. 3 Here’s what the study found: when asking someone to stop doing what they’re doing and do what the asker wants instead, such as interrupting a colleague at work to ask for help with your project or your child asking for more candy after you’ve already said no. Can saying “please” still be polite? 4 “If someone is trying to be more polite, I would recommend adding other polite phrases first, before adding in more ‘pleases’” Stiver says. “Example of polite requests that don’t use “please”: Would you be available? Mind giving me a quick hand with this? Bottom line: Not saying “please” doesn’t mean that you’re being impolite. 5 The most important part of having good behaviour is treating the other person with kindness and respect, both in word and deed. A．Saying “please” is rare. B．Is saying “please” actually rude? C．Technically, yes, as long as you don’t overuse it. D．And saying “please” doesn’t ensure that you are being polite. E．The survey was about the same across age, gender and social status. F．So when are people most likely to use “please” in request-making situations? G．The study investigated when and where people use “please” in everyday requests. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是新的研究表明说“请”并不像我们想象的那么常见或礼貌，因此这个礼貌用语可能很快就会成为过去。 1．空前“New research published in Social Psychology Quarterly found that people use the word “please” when making a request adismal (凄凉的) 7% of the time. Even more interesting:(发表在《社会心理学季刊》上的一项新研究发现，人们在提出请求时使用“请”这个词的几率为7%。更有趣的是：)”可知，选项承接上文说明有趣的发现的内容，E项The survey was about the same across age, gender and social status.(不同年龄、性别和社会地位的人的调查结果基本相同。)指出了研究的更为有趣的发现，与上文衔接紧密，而且选项中的The survey与空前的New research属于同义词复现，符合上下文语境，故选E项。 2．根据空后“The study found that more often than not, this polite habit is being used inpushy (死缠 硬磨的) situations.(研究发现，这种礼貌的习惯通常是在咄咄逼人的情况下使用的。)”可知此处指出实际上“请”是在咄咄逼人的情况下使用的，由此可知“请”的使用实际上并不是出于一种礼貌，B项Is saying “please” actually rude?(说“请”真的很粗鲁吗？)以问题的形式就“请”的实际使用情景与空后构成一问一答的形式，衔接紧密，符合上下文语境，故选B项。 3．根据空后“Here’s what the study found: when asking someone to stop doing what they’re doing and do what the asker wants instead, such as interrupting a colleague at work to ask for help with your project or your child asking for more candy after you’ve already said no.(研究发现：当要求别人停止正在做的事情，做他想做的事情时，比如打断同事的工作，请求帮助完成你的项目，或者你的孩子在你说不之后要更多的糖果。)”可知，选项承接下文指出了人们人们提使用“请”的场合，F项So when are people most likely to use “please” in request-making situations?(那么，人们什么时候最有可能在提出请求时使用“请”呢？)以问题的形式引出空后人们最有可能使用“请”的场合，符合上下文语境，故选F项。 4．空前“Can saying “please” still be polite?(说“请”还算礼貌吗？)”的形式是一个问题，C项Technically, yes, as long as you don’t overuse it.(从学术上讲，可以，只要你不要过度使用。)中的yes对空前的问题给出了肯定回答，指出只要不过度使用，说“请”就还是礼貌的，与上文衔接紧密，而且选项中的代词it指代上文的please，符合上下文语境，故选C项。 5．根据空前“Bottom line: Not saying “please” doesn’t mean that you’re being impolite.(底线：不说“请”并不意味着你不礼貌。)”可知不说“请”并不意味着不礼貌，根据空后“The most important part of having good behaviour is treating the other person with kindness and respect, both in word and deed.(良好行为最重要的部分是在言语和行为上以善意和尊重对待他人。)”可知在言语和行为上以善意和尊重对待他人是良好行为的最重要部分，空处承上启下，D项And saying “please” doesn’t ensure that you are being polite.(说“请”并不能保证你是有礼貌的。)指出说“请”并不能保证是有礼貌的，与空前的内容形成对照，同时引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选D项。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田华侨中学·期末） Every night, no matter how tired I am, I carve out at least 5 to 10 minutes for a quick lesson on my language learning app. I might not be fluent yet. 1 Learning a new language can be incredibly helpful for cognitive health, particularly as we age. This is because language learning engages a wide range of complex cognitive abilities. They include memory, attention, and problem-solving, which can help to create and strengthen connections in the brain. The benefits go beyond protecting the brain against the effects of aging. 2 We are all citizens of the world, and it’s important for us to stay connected with other cultures and people from different backgrounds. Of course, knowing the benefits doesn’t necessarily make the process easy. Time and devotion are two common challenges when it comes to learning a new language. But a big part of the reason why it’s so tough comes down to our self-consciousness. 3 Being scared to practise or embarrassed about making mistakes certainly doesn’t make it any easier! 4 Consistency is the key! Even just 5 to 10 minutes a day can help. Being exposed to and using the target language on a daily basis, even in small amounts, can significantly boost fluency. Besides, don’t just limit your daily learning to your lessons. 5 This can be done through media, such as movies and music, which helps to build listening skills and exposes the learner to the language being used in its natural context. Language learning is a gradual process. Embracing mistakes as part of the learning journey and staying motivated through setting achievable goals can make the experience both effective and enjoyable. A．This allows people to learn languages naturally and efficiently. B．But that’s exactly why learning a new language can be so beneficial. C．Experts also note that language learning can help promote social connections. D．It’s important to completely involve yourself in the language you want to acquire. E．However, according to the experts, my daily lessons have far-reaching significance. F．Feeling anxious can stand in the way of our progress when learning a new language. G．Fortunately, there are plenty of effective ways to achieve your language-learning goals. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习一门新的语言的好处。 1．根据空前“Every night, no matter how tired I am, I carve out at least 5 to 10 minutes for a quick lesson on my language learning app. I might not be fluent yet.(每天晚上，无论我多累，我都会在我的语言学习应用程序上抽出5到10分钟的时间快速上课。我可能还不够流利。)”可知，空前提到每天我都会抽出时间来学习语言，下文介绍了学习新的语言的好处，故E项“然而，据专家介绍，我每天的功课意义深远。”符合，与空前“我还不够流利”构成转折关系，且E项中的“my daily lessons”指代空前的“I carve out at least 5 to 10 minutes for a quick lesson”，故选E项。 2．根据空后“We are all citizens of the world, and it’s important for us to stay connected with other cultures and people from different backgrounds.(我们都是世界公民，与其他文化和不同背景的人保持联系对我们来说很重要。)”可知，空后提到了与其他文化和不同背景的人保持联系的重要性，故C项“专家们还指出，语言学习有助于促进社会关系。”符合，语言学习有助于促进社会关系，是因为我们作为世界公民，与其他文化和不同背景的人保持联系很重要，故选C项。 3．根据空前“But a big part of the reason why it’s so tough comes down to our self-consciousness.(但是它如此艰难的很大一部分原因归结于我们的自我意识。)”可知，空前提到学习新语言的困难的原因归结于我们的自我意识，故此处应具体介绍什么样的自我意识，故F项“学习一门新语言时，感到焦虑会阻碍我们的进步。”符合，具体介绍了焦虑这种自我意识阻碍了语言学习的进步，故选F项。 4．根据空后“Consistency is the key! Even just 5 to 10 minutes a day can help.(坚持是关键，即使每天5到10分钟也会有所帮助。)”可知，空后提出了具体方法，故G项“幸运地是，有很多有效的方法可以实现你的语言学习目标。”符合，引出后文的具体方法，故选G项。 5．根据空前“Besides, don’t just limit your daily learning to your lessons.(而且，不要把你日常学习局限于你的课程。)”可知，空前提到不要将日常学习局限于课程，故此空应提出应该如何做，故D项“让自己完全融入你想学的语言是很重要的。”符合，不要将学习局限于课程，要将自己完全融入想学的语言中，且空后的“This”指代本空提出的“让自己融入到想学的语言中”，故选D项。 主题03 人与自然——健康生活 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省泉州市·期末） It’s well understood that humour can have powerful impacts on both our physical and mental health. 1 To better understand which types of humour promote mental wellness, and which forms may be actively harmful, psychologist Rod Martin broke humour down into four styles. Affiliative (有亲和力的) humour refers to jokes about things that everyone might find funny. 2 The types of jokes told by comedians like Jerry Seinfeld represent this sort of humour. If you’ve ever bantered (调侃) with a coworker or among your friends, you’ve used affiliative humour. 3 It’s often used as a way to deal with stress or hardship and feel better as a result. Jon Stewart from the Daily Show often uses self-enhancing humour by saying things such as, “Maybe I just don’t understand,” or “I’m not the brightest guy.” Aggressive (好斗的) humour is laughing at the expense of others. This is the humour that is used by more aggressive comedians, such as Don Rickles or the late Joan Rivers. Some of the audience to this type of humour will find it funny. 4 Self-defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain approval from others. The late comedian Rodney Dangerfield would be an example. People who use self-defeating humor may try to make themselves appear more socially acceptable, but it can have the opposite effect and cause people to distance themselves from them. 5 And it is sometimes used to try to avoid attacks-making oneself the target of jokes before others put you down. A．It is employed to facilitate relationships. B．It is capable of turning anxiety into pleasure. C．Yet not all types of humour have the same effect. D．Self-enhancing humour can raise one’s confidence. E．So this can be an unhealthy form of humour psychologically. F．Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself. G．However, others might laugh to cover up a feeling of discomfort. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．G 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种幽默风格，包括其特点及对心理健康的影响，探讨不同幽默类型的作用。 1．由上文“It’s well understood that humour can have powerful impacts on both our physical and mental health.(众所周知，幽默对我们的身心健康都有强大的影响)”可知，幽默对身心健康有影响，后文“To better understand which types of humour promote mental wellness, and which forms may be actively harmful, psychologist Rod Martin broke humour down into four styles.(为了更好地理解哪些类型的幽默能促进心理健康，哪些形式可能有积极的危害，心理学家罗德・马丁将幽默分为四种类型)”表明不同类型幽默效果不同，C项“Yet not all types of humour have the same effect.(然而，并非所有类型的幽默都有相同的效果)”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对不同类型幽默的阐述。故选C项。 2．由上文“Affiliative (有亲和力的) humour refers to jokes about things that everyone might find funny.(亲和型幽默指的是关于每个人可能都觉得有趣的事情的笑话)”介绍了亲和型幽默，A项“It is employed to facilitate relationships.(它被用来促进人际关系)”进一步说明这种幽默的作用，It指代上文的Affiliative humour，符合语境，且与后文提到在同事和朋友间使用这种幽默相呼应。故选A项。 3．由下文“It’s often used as a way to deal with stress or hardship and feel better as a result. Jon Stewart from the Daily Show often uses self-enhancing humour by saying things such as, ‘Maybe I just don’t understand,’ or ‘I’m not the brightest guy.’(它通常被用作一种应对压力或困难并因此感觉更好的方式。《每日秀》的乔恩・斯图尔特经常使用自我提升型幽默，比如说‘也许我只是不明白’，或者‘我不是最聪明的人’)”可知，这里在介绍自我提升型幽默，F项“Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself.(自我提升型幽默包括能够自嘲)”符合语境，引出下文对自我提升型幽默的具体说明。故选F项。 4．由上文“Aggressive (好斗的) humour is laughing at the expense of others. This is the humour that is used by more aggressive comedians, such as Don Rickles or the late Joan Rivers. Some of the audience to this type of humour will find it funny.(攻击性幽默是以牺牲他人为代价的嘲笑。这是像唐・里克斯或已故的琼・里弗斯这样更具攻击性的喜剧演员所使用的幽默。这类幽默的一些观众会觉得它有趣)”介绍了攻击性幽默及部分观众的反应，G项“However, others might laugh to cover up a feeling of discomfort.(然而，其他人可能会笑来掩盖不舒服的感觉)”与上文形成对比，说明另一些观众对这种幽默的反应，However表转折，符合语境。故选G项。 5．由上文“People who use self-defeating humor may try to make themselves appear more socially acceptable, but it can have the opposite effect and cause people to distance themselves from them.(使用自我贬低型幽默的人可能试图让自己在社交上更容易被接受，但这可能会产生相反的效果，导致人们与他们保持距离)”表明自我贬低型幽默可能带来不好的结果，E项“So this can be an unhealthy form of humour psychologically.(所以从心理角度看，这可能是一种不健康的幽默形式)”对上文进行总结，this指代上文自我贬低型幽默带来的不良影响，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市第二十五中学·期末） If you're familiar with the story of the hare (野兔) and the tortoise (乌龟), you know that the tortoise proved that perseverance is much more important than speed. 1 ,  but fewer people have the patience and perseverance of the tortoise. Here are some tips that can help you to improve your perseverance. ●Set goals and write them down. If you don't know what you want to accomplish, it's hard to persevere (坚持) until you do. 2 instead of making many projects that may upset you. ● 3 ,  and cross each step off the list as you complete it. If you want to master the ability to cook German dishes, you'll need to read cookbooks, study the Recipes,buy ingredients (食料) and practise making the dishes. Write down all these steps and remove each step as you go. ●Make a list of the rewards related to any project to encourage yourself to persevere. When you want to lose 40 pounds, it may seem like a difficult goal. 4 .You can lower your blood sugar or fit into your favorite pair of jeans (牛仔裤). Keep those rewards in mind to encourage yourself to stick to your diet and exercise program. ●Imagine your success. Take time each day to  sit back,  relax and picture the  life  you'll  lead once you've reached your goal. 5 . Read them over several times a day to encourage yourself to keep going. A．Like the hare, many people start off strong B．Or you can write out a paragraph or two about how reaching your goal will change your life C．You can't lose weight only by going on a diet D．Make a list of the steps needed to reach your goal E．But there are big rewards for doing so F．Choose one or two goals that are most important to you and work toward those G．And you should focus on every step carefully 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有助于提升毅力，让自己坚持下去的方法。 1．上文用龟兔赛跑的故事告诉我们乌龟的毅力比兔子的速度重要，再根据设空句中连词but可知，前后句之间有转折对比关系，A项“Like the hare, many people start off strong(就像兔子一样，许多人一开始很强)”与下文“but fewer people have the patience and perseverance of the tortoise(但很少有人有乌龟那样的耐心和毅力)”构成转折对比关系，同时照应上文龟兔赛跑的故事。故选A项。 2．结合小标题“Set goals and write them down(设定目标并写下来)”和下文“instead of making many projects that may upset you.(而不是做很多可能会让你心烦的项目)”可推知，正确的做法是：选择几个项目，作为自己的目标，并为之而努力。故选F项。 3．根据下文“and cross each step off the list as you complete it.(当你完成每一步的时候，把它从清单中划掉)”可推知，需要先制作一份清单，所以D项“Make a list of the steps needed to reach your goal(列一份实现目标所需的步骤的清单) ”符合语境，与下文构成顺承关系，且a list of the steps与下文each step off the list相照应。故选D项。 4．小标题“Make a list of the rewards related to any project to encourage yourself to persevere.(制作一份与项目相关的所有奖励的清单，鼓励自己坚持下去)”说要给予任何与项目相应的奖励来鼓励自己坚持下去。上文“When you want to lose 40 pounds, it may seem like a difficult goal.(当你想减掉40磅时，这似乎是一个困难的目标)”提出一个难题，E项“But there are big rewards for doing so.(但这样做可以得到很大的回报)”正是用小标题中提到的办法来解决这一问题，下文是对小标题中所述方法的举例说明。故选E项。 5．根据指代关系和下文“Read them over several times a day to encourage yourself to keep going.(每天多读几遍，鼓励自己坚持下去)”可知，设空句中应出现下文中提到的阅读内容，B项“Or you can write out a paragraph or two about how reaching your goal will change your life(或者你可以写一到两段文字，描述实现你的目标将如何改变你的生活)”中“a paragraph or two”正是下文阅读的内容，且B项也是小标题“Imagine your success”所说想象成功的一种方法。故选B项。 主题01 人与自我——自我管理 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省龙岩市·期末） 4 Productivity Tips to Achieve More with Less Getting things done isn’t about working at full speed all day. 1 . Here are four productivity tips that can help you focus on what truly matters. Shut out the shallow Tasks such as answering emails are considered “shallow work.” It’s essential to recognize these tasks and allow yourself to block them out temporarily. 2 Many successful individuals, like Bill Gates and Maya Angelou, have separated themselves to improve their productivity by cutting out shallow distractions. Call it a day 3 . When your planned work session concluded, transition into relaxation by using Cal New port’s shutdown ritual (仪式). Review your unfinished tasks, write down a plan for tackling them tomorrow, and then declare “Shut down complete!” This simple act signals the end of your work thoughts for the day, allowing you to enjoy your free time and give your mind the rest it deserves. Find your top-level goal Warden buffet’s technique for prioritizing goals is straightforward: write down your top 20 goals and draw a line under number five. 4 For a more structured approach, create a goal pyramid, with your life’s purpose at the top, such as inspiring others or helping society. Mid-level goals, like passing an exam, should support your top goal, while smaller tasks, such as writing an email or conducting research, should feed into these objectives. Cut out any tasks that do not contribute to your main goals. 5 When working on significant tasks, like a big presentation, consider using the Pomodoro technique. Francesco Cirillo recommends 25 minutes of intense focus followed by a 5-minute break. This approach allows your brain to recover, keeping your productivity high while tackling substantial tasks in manageable units. By carrying out these strategies, you can enhance your productivity and achieve more with less effort. A．Make your breaks smarter B．Take a nap during the break C．Establish a strict end to your working day D．The best way is to know what you want to achieve E．Focus merely on those first five until they are accomplished F．In fact, finding ways to do less while achieving more can be quite effective G．This will enable you to concentrate on important tasks requiring “deep work” 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了提高生产效率的四个技巧，帮助人们用更少的时间做更多的事。 1．由上文“Getting things done isn’t about working at full speed all day. (把事情做好并不是要你一整天都全力以赴。)”及下文“Here are four productivity tips that can help you focus on what truly matters. (以下是四个可以提高生产力的建议，可以帮助你专注于真正重要的事情。)”可知，上文提到不要一整天都全力以赴，下文则提到了四个可以提高生产力的建议，空处应强调需要找到做更少事情却能取得更多成果的方法。F选项“In fact, finding ways to do less while achieving more can be quite effective (事实上，找到做更少事情却能取得更多成果的方法可能非常有效)”能承上启下，符合题意，说明了上文提到的“不要一整天都全力以赴”的原因，同时引出下文提到的四个可以提高生产力的建议。故选F。 2．由上文“Tasks such as answering emails are considered “shallow work.” It’s essential to recognize these tasks and allow yourself to block them out temporarily. (回复电子邮件等任务被认为是“浅层次工作”。认识这些任务并暂时屏蔽它们是很重要的。)”可知，空处应说明屏蔽这些浅层次工作的重要性。G选项“This will enable you to concentrate on important tasks requiring “deep work” (这将使你能够专注于需要“深度工作”的重要任务)”能承接上文，符合题意，说明了屏蔽这些浅层次工作可以让你专注于需要“深度工作”的重要任务。故选G。 3．由小标题“Call it a day (停止工作)”及下文“When your planned work session concluded, transition into relaxation by using Cal New port’s shutdown ritual (仪式). (当您计划的工作时段结束后，可以通过使用Cal Newport的“关机仪式”过渡到放松状态。)”可知，空处应强调及时结束工作。C选项“Establish a strict end to your working day (为你的工作日设定一个严格的结束时间)”能够概括本段大意，符合题意。故选C。 4．由上文“Warden buffet’s technique for prioritizing goals is straightforward: write down your top 20 goals and draw a line under number five. (Warden buffet优先排序目标的方法是直截了当的：写下你的前20个目标，并在第5个目标下面画一条线。)”可知，空处应强调只专注于前五个目标。E选项“Focus merely on those first five until they are accomplished (只专注于前五个目标，直到它们完成)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．由下文“When working on significant tasks, like a big presentation, consider using the Pomodoro technique. Francesco Cirillo recommends 25 minutes of intense focus followed by a 5-minute break. This approach allows your brain to recover, keeping your productivity high while tackling substantial tasks in manageable units. (当处理重要任务时，比如一个大型演示，考虑使用 Pomodoro工作法。Francesco Cirillo建议25分钟全神贯注，然后休息5分钟。这种方法可以让你的大脑恢复，在以可管理的单位处理大量任务的同时保持高生产力。)”可知，空处应说明休息对大脑的好处。A选项“Make your breaks smarter (让你的休息时间更聪明)”能够概括本段大意，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建师范大学附中·期末） What’s social jet lag (社交时差)? Social jet lag occurs when you stay up later and then sleep in later on weekends than you do on weekdays. Changing the hours that you sleep from day to day affects your body’s natural internal clock. Social jet lag affects the body similarly to travel jet lag. When you shift your sleeping hours, your body feels as if it were in a different time zone. 1 For example, if you stay up late on Saturday night and then sleep in on Sunday morning, you will likely have a hard time falling asleep on Sunday night. This is because your body has not been awake for enough hours to feel tired at your usual Sunday bedtime. 2 Yet, frequently changing your body’s internal clock doesn’t just cause daytime sleepiness. 3 Social jet lag has been linked with several chronic (慢性的) health problems. Changes in internal clock caused by inconsistent sleeping hours lead to changes in the circulatory (循环) system and raise the risk of heart disease. Individuals who regularly experience social jet lag are also more likely to smoke cigarettes and consume more caffeine. These habits can significantly influence sleep. Sticking to your sleep schedule is an important part of addressing social jet lag. 4 A 2019 study found that when participants kept their sleep and wakeup times within 15 to 30 minutes of the same time each day, they reported better sleep, less depression, and less stress. Study participants were also able to improve their cognitive reaction time scores. 5 If you usually change your regular sleep schedule on weekends, it may be time to try to keep a more consistent one. While it may feel difficult to keep the same sleeping hours each day, you will likely notice the health benefits right away. A．It can significantly impact your health as well. B．This can make falling and staying asleep difficult. C．Moreover, establishing a regular sleep schedule is crucial. D．Adjust your sleep schedule, and everything will be OK. E．This likely makes waking up early on Monday morning difficult. F．Aim to go to bed at the same time every day, even on weekends. G．In general, social jet lag is a common problem that we may all experience. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交时差、其危害以及应对方法。 1．根据上文“When you shift your sleeping hours, your body feels as if it were in a different time zone.(当你改变睡眠时间时，你的身体会感觉好像处于不同的时区)”可知，本句承接上文，说明身体感觉处于不同的时区所带来的影响，B选项“这会使入睡和保持睡眠变得困难”是对其解释说明，This指代改变睡眠时间这种情况。故选B。 2．根据上文“For example, if you stay up late on Saturday night and then sleep in on Sunday morning, you will likely have a hard time falling asleep on Sunday night. This is because your body has not been awake for enough hours to feel tired at your usual Sunday bedtime.(例如，如果你周六晚熬夜，周日早上又睡过头，那么周日晚上你可能很难入睡。这是因为你的身体没有清醒足够的时间，在你通常的周日就寝时间感到疲倦)”可知，周日晚上你很可能很难入睡，会导致周一早上早起变得困难, 故E选项“这可能使得周一早上很难早起”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据上文“Yet, frequently changing your body’s internal clock doesn’t just cause daytime sleepiness.(然而，频繁改变身体的生物钟并不仅仅会导致白天困倦)”以及后文“Social jet lag has been linked with several chronic (慢性的) health problems. Changes in internal clock caused by inconsistent sleeping hours lead to changes in the circulatory (循环) system and raise the risk of heart disease. Individuals who regularly experience social jet lag are also more likely to smoke cigarettes and consume more caffeine. These habits can significantly influence sleep.(社交时差与几种慢性健康问题有关。睡眠时间不一致导致的生物钟变化会导致循环系统的变化，从而增加患心脏病的风险。经常经历社交时差的人也更有可能吸烟和摄入更多的咖啡因。这些习惯会严重影响睡眠)”可知，本段主要说明了改变生物钟对健康的影响。A 选项“它也会极大地影响你的健康”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据上文“Sticking to your sleep schedule is an important part of addressing social jet lag.(坚持你的睡眠时间表是解决社交时差的一个重要部分)”可知，本段主要介绍社交时差的解决方法：尽量每天在同一时间上床睡觉, 即使在周末也是如此。F选项“每天在同一时间上床睡觉，即使是在周末”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据后文“If you usually change your regular sleep schedule on weekends, it may be time to try to keep a more consistent one. While it may feel difficult to keep the same sleeping hours each day, you will likely notice the health benefits right away.( 如果你经常在周末改变你的正常睡眠时间表，也许是时候试着保持一个更一致的时间表了。虽然每天保持相同的睡眠时间可能很难，但你可能会立即注意到健康的好处)”可知，本句叙述“社交时差”的事实现象，后面给出解决方法，故G选项“总的来说，社交时差是我们都可能经历过的一个普遍问题”符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州市·期末） Like a waving flag and the rhythms of language, food is one of the key aspects to understand culture. When looking to understand a people and their history, one can search in libraries and study books. 1 Through ingredients, tastes, smells and colors, we are told tales of struggle, love, pride and passion. It is through the dinner plate that we can deepen our understanding of different cultures. To appreciate food’s role in understanding culture, we must go back to food’s basic effects on societies around the world. 2 In every civilization around the world, humans use food as a tool to bond, socialize and connect. From our ancestors gathering around the fire for meals as their social point, food has always played a central role in our lives. 3 For example, the Mid-autumn festival, Spring Festival, and birthdays, all serve as the backdrop for our relationships. We eat family meals, a moment in the day for us to come together and share stories, struggles and successes. We help our friends get over breakups by coming over with ice cream, gift chocolates to lovers. 4 We build deep, meaningful connections with each other, food serving as the gel (凝胶), It's the way we’ve evolved, making social eating deeply important for our psychological health. 5 It’s how we identify where we’re from; the history of our cultures. If food is a symbol of cultural expression, then it reflects all aspects of human nature. A．Beyond basic nutrition, food is social. B．And we celebrate weddings with grand feasts. C．Food, thus, becomes a core part of who we are. D．It continues to bond us together in modern celebrations. E．These ceremonies in cooking practices serve as cultural markers. F．Yet there exists a story not found in old books, but on the dinner table. G．When learning culture, we can see how it's changed human beings. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述食物是理解文化的关键，它不仅能提供营养，更具社交属性。从祖先围火用餐到现代庆祝活动，食物始终凝聚着人们。它是文化表达的象征，反映人性，是我们确定自身来源与文化历史的核心部分 。 1．由上文“When looking to understand a people and their history, one can search in libraries and study books.(当我们想要了解一个民族及其历史时，可以在图书馆查阅研究书籍。)”可知，这里阐述了通过图书馆书籍了解文化历史的方式，空格处应引出与之不同的方式，而F项“Yet there exists a story not found in old books, but on the dinner table.(然而，还有一个故事不是在旧书中，而是在餐桌上能找到。) ”符合语境，通过Yet转折，引出从餐桌食物了解文化，与上文形成对比。故选F项。 2．由上文“we must go back to food’s basic effects on societies around the world.(我们必须回归到食物对世界各地社会的基本影响。)”及下文“In every civilization around the world, humans use food as a tool to bond, socialize and connect.(在世界上每一种文明中，人类都把食物当作一种建立联系、社交和沟通的工具。)”可知，上文提及食物对社会的影响，下文阐述食物用于社交，而A项“Beyond basic nutrition, food is social.(除了基本营养，食物还具有社交属性。)”承上启下，指出食物除营养外的社交作用，符合语境。故选A项。 3．由上文“From our ancestors gathering around the fire for meals as their social point, food has always played a central role in our lives.(从我们的祖先围着火堆吃饭作为社交方式开始，食物在我们的生活中一直扮演着核心角色。)”可知，这里强调从我们祖先开始食物在生活中一直扮演核心作用，空格处应进一步说明在现代庆祝活动中的作用，而D项“It continues to bond us together in modern celebrations.(在现代庆祝活动中，它继续把我们联系在一起。)”符合语境，其中It指代上文food，continues表明在现代延续其作用。故选D项。 4．由上文“We eat family meals, a moment in the day for us to come together and share stories, struggles and successes. We help our friends get over breakups by coming over with ice cream, gift chocolates to lovers.(我们吃家庭餐，这是一天中我们聚在一起分享故事、奋斗和成功的时刻。我们带着冰淇淋过来，给恋人送巧克力，帮助朋友度过分手。)”可知，这里列举了食物在不同人际关系中的作用，空格处应继续列举，而B项“And we celebrate weddings with grand feasts.(我们用盛大的宴会庆祝婚礼。)”符合语境，进一步说明食物在婚礼庆祝中的作用，与上文并列。故选B项。 5．由下文 “It’s how we identify where we're from; the history of our cultures. If food is a symbol of cultural expression, then it reflects all aspects of human nature.(它是我们确定自己来自哪里的方式；是我们文化的历史。如果食物是文化表达的一种象征，那么它反映了人性的方方面面。)”可知，这里强调食物对我们的重要性，而C项“Food, thus, becomes a core part of who we are.(因此，食物成为了我们身份的核心部分。)”符合语境，总结食物对我们身份认同的核心意义，引出下文对其具体阐述。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会——群体互动 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省三明市·期末） Life is full of uncertainties and surprises. You often make detailed plans, but things don’t always go as expected. Have you ever been in such a situation? 1 The phrase “play it by ear” is not often used in a serious way. Actually the expression is all about being flexible. 2 Just like a musician playing an instrument without sheet music, you make decisions based on what you observe as things happen, rather than following a strict schedule. The phrase has its roots in music. Musicians sometimes play a piece without looking at sheet music. Instead, they rely on their “ear” to guide them. 3 It depends on musicians’ ability to listen and create music on the spot. Over time, “play it by ear” turned into a broader phrase describing the ability to adapt in non-musical, situations. 4 For social plans like a party, if you’re not sure how long you want to stay at a party, you might say, “Let’s play it by ear and see bow the evening goes.” In work meetings, you may use it to adjust strategies flexibly. And for travel plans, this phrase suggests that you’ll decide on stops and activities based on what you feel like doing at the time. In each example, “play it by ear” allows for a relaxed, adaptable approach. 5 By freeing from fixed planning, you open yourselves up to a world of possibilities and handle all challenges gracefully. A．Use the phrase carefully. B．Don’t look at sheet music. C．This skill is known as “ear play”. D．“Play it by ear” is used in many situations. E．In short, “play it by ear” is a crucial life strategy. F．That’s when you might decide to “play it by ear”. G．It means dealing with a situation without a fixed plan. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“play it by ear”的含义、起源以及在不同场合的应用。 1．上文“Have you ever been in such a situation?(你遇到过这种情况吗？)”提问是否遇到过类似的情况，下文具体阐述了“play it by ear”，故F项“这时你可能会决定‘随机应变’”回答了上文问题，同时引出本文主题，故选F。 2．根据上文“Actually the expression is all about being flexible.(实际上，这个表达是关于灵活的)”和下文“Just like a musician playing an instrument without sheet music, you make decisions based on what you observe as things happen, rather than following a strict schedule.(就像一个没有乐谱的音乐家演奏乐器一样，你根据观察到的事情做出决定，而不是遵循严格的时间表)”可知，本段是阐述“play it by ear”的意思，下文举例加以说明，G项“它的意思是在没有固定计划的情况下处理情况”符合语境，故选G。 3．上文“Musicians sometimes play a piece without looking at sheet music. Instead, they rely on their ‘ear’ to guide them.(音乐家有时演奏时不看乐谱。相反，他们依靠他们的‘耳朵’来引导他们)”提到音乐家有时依靠“耳朵”来引导，C项“这种技巧被称为‘耳朵游戏’”和上文呼应，音乐家依靠“耳朵”来引导的技巧被称为“耳朵游戏”，故选C。 4．根据下文“For social plans like a party, if you’re not sure how long you want to stay at a party, you might say,‘Let’s play it by ear and see bow the evening goes.’ In work meetings, you may use it to adjust strategies flexibly. And for travel plans, this phrase suggests that you’ll decide on stops and activities based on what you feel like doing at the time.(对于像聚会这样的社交计划，如果你不确定你想在聚会上待多久，你可以说‘让我们见机行事，看看今晚的情况如何。’在工作会议上，你可以用它来灵活地调整策略。对于旅行计划，这个短语暗示你将根据你当时想做的事情来决定停留地点和活动)”可知，本段主要讲使用“play it by ear”的不同场合，D项“‘Play it by ear’在很多情况下都会用到”适合作为本段主题句，故选D。 5．空处是最后一段，应是总结上文，E项“简而言之，‘见机行事’是一个至关重要的生活策略”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田市莆田第九中学·期末） Individuals’ communication skills play a vital role in promoting effective communication within the workplace. This ensures employees have the information they need to perform well, builds a positive work environment, and improves efficiencies. 1 Work culture and technology can also play into how effective communication is in your workplace. Here are some ways you can improve workplace communication. Communicating effectively with coworkers is key to having a positive experience at work. When interacting with coworkers, you need to pay attention to nonverbal cues. 2 As you’re speaking with somebody, be mindful of your coworkers’ nonverbal cues; this attentiveness will enhance your communication with them. 3 When you have something to communicate, consider its importance, urgency, and complexity, and pick the right channel accordingly. Have a simple team reminder? A quick group message or email can get the point across. Need to learn or teach somebody how to use a tool? A face­to­face meeting might be the better method. It is important to make meetings efficient. Research indicates that only 50 percent of time spent in meetings is considered a good use of time by attendees. 4 You can set an agenda for each meeting, and send out the agenda and other materials that will be discussed to the team ahead of time. Besides, only invite people who need to be invited. Communication skills are called skills for a reason — they can be learned and require practice to master. 5 Improving Communication Skills from the University of Pennsylvania and Teamwork Skills: Communicating Effectively in Groups from the University of Colorado Boulder are good choices. A．Not every issue deserves its own meeting. B．Tone and body language can convey a lot that words don’t. C．Good news is that there are ways to make meetings effective. D．Most of the time, meetings are an effective way of communication. E．Successful employers are characterized by effective communication. F．Workplace communication starts at the individual but doesn’t stop there. G．If you’re trying to improve your communication skills, consider taking a course. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了在工作场所中提高沟通技巧的重要性和一些具体的方法。 1．根据上文“Individuals’ communication skills play a vital role in promoting effective communication within the workplace. (个人的沟通技巧在促进有效的沟通中起着至关重要的作用)”以及后句“Work culture and technology can also play into how effective communication is in your workplace. (工作文化和技术也会影响你工作场所的沟通效率。)”设空处承上启下，可知促进工作场所的有效的沟通，不仅仅的限于个人的沟通技巧，工作文化和技术也发挥着很大的作用，F项：Workplace communication starts at the individual but doesn’t stop there. (职场沟通从个人开始，但不止于此。)合乎题意。故选F。 2．根据上句“When interacting with coworkers, you need to pay attention to nonverbal cues (与同事交流时，你需要注意非语言暗示)”以及后句“As you’re speaking with somebody, be mindful of your coworkers’ nonverbal cues; this attentiveness will enhance your communication with them. (当你和别人说话时，注意同事的非语言暗示；这种关注会加强你与他们的沟通)”可知，设空处承接上句，引出后句，说明非语言暗示的作用。B项：Tone and body language can convey a lot that words don’t. (语气和肢体语言可以传达很多语言无法传达的信息。)合乎题意。故选B。 3．设空处为本段的中心句，根据后句“When you have something to communicate, consider its importance, urgency, and complexity, and pick the right channel accordingly. (当你有事情要沟通时，考虑它的重要性、紧迫性和复杂性，并相应地选择正确的渠道)”可知，当有事情要沟通时，应相应地选择正确的渠道，即并不是每个问题都值得召开一次会议，A项：Not every issue deserves its own meeting. (并不是每个问题都值得召开一次会议)合乎题意。故选A。 4．本段的中心句为“It is important to make meetings efficient. (使会议有效率是很重要的。)”以及后句“You can set an agenda for each meeting, and send out the agenda and other materials that will be discussed to the team ahead of time. Besides, only invite people who need to be invited. (你可以为每次会议设置议程，并提前将议程和其他将要讨论的材料发送给团队。此外，只邀请那些需要被邀请的人。)”介绍让会议变得高效的具体方法，设空处进行总说，说明很多方法可以让会议变得有效，C项：Good news is that there are ways to make meetings effective. (好消息是，有很多方法可以让会议变得有效)合乎题意。故选C。 5．根据上句“Communication skills are called skills for a reason — they can be learned and require practice to master. (沟通技巧被称为技能是有原因的——它们是可以学习的，需要练习才能掌握)”沟通技巧是可以学习的，设空处承接上句，介绍提升沟通技巧的途径，G项：If you’re trying to improve your communication skills, consider taking a course. (如果你想提高你的沟通技巧，可以考虑参加一门课程。)合乎题意。故选G。 主题03 人与社会——文化交流 Passage 1 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田第一中学·期末） The Spring Festival has come and gone, leaving many young adults with a significant inflow of pocket money from their family and loved ones. When it comes to managing the substantial amount of pocket money you may have received, it’s crucial to approach this new-found wealth with wisdom and foresight. 1 Take the time to assess the total amount of money you have received and allocate it wisely. By creating a budget you can prioritize your spending. distinguish between needs and wants, and make informed decisions about where your money should go. Also, it’s essential to cultivate the habit of saving. 2 instead, set aside a portion of your pocket money for savings. Whether it’s for future goals, emergencies, or long-term financial security. consistent saving can have a profound impact on your financial well-being. Before your buying anything, think twice. 3 Ask yourself if it agrees with your values and long-term goals. By practicing restraint and making intentional decisions, you can avoid unnecessary regrets and ensure that your pocket money is put to good use. 4 While it’s important to fully enjoy the pleasures that come with having extra pocket money, don’t lose sight of the bigger picture. Use this financial windfall as an opportunity to establish healthy financial habits and lay the groundwork for your long-term financial success. Lastly, seek guidance from trusted adults or financial mentors. 5 Don’t hesitate to ask for help when it comes to managing your new-found wealth responsibly. A．Pause and reflect on each purchase. B．First, open a saving account in the bank. C．Setting a budget is of crucial importance. D．Resist the temptation to spend your entire windfall in one go. E．They can provide valuable insights and offer personalized advice. F．Strike a balance between enjoying the present and preparing for the future. G．Maximize the benefits of your pocket money by making wise financial choices. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何规划和安排自己的财务。 1．根据本段内容“Take the time to assess the total amount of money you have received and allocate it wisely. By creating a budget you can prioritize your spending distinguish between needs and wants, and make informed decisions about where your money should go.(花点时间评估一下你收到的总金额，然后明智地分配。通过制定预算，你可以优先考虑你的支出，区分需要和想要的，并对你的钱应该花在哪里做出明智的决定)”可知，本段主要说明了如何制定预算，C选项中budget对应后文budget。故C选项“设定预算是至关重要的”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“Also, it’s essential to cultivate the habit of saving.(此外，培养储蓄的习惯也很重要)”以及后文“instead, set aside a portion of your pocket money for savings. Whether it’s for future goals, emergencies, or long-term financial security. consistent saving can have a profound impact on your financial well-being.(相反，留出一部分零花钱作为储蓄。无论是为了未来的目标，紧急情况，还是长期的财务安全。持续的储蓄会对你的财务状况产生深远的影响)”可知，本段主要建议培养存钱的习惯，本句与后文“留出一部分零花钱作为储蓄”相反，即把钱一次性花光。故D选项“抵挡住诱惑，不要把你的意外之财一次性花光”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Before your buying anything, think twice.(在你买东西之前，要三思而行)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明在买东西之前先反思一下的习惯。故A选项“每次购买都停下来反思一下”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据本段内容“While it’s important to fully enjoy the pleasures that come with having extra pocket money, don’t lose sight of the bigger picture. Use this financial windfall as an opportunity to establish healthy financial habits and lay the groundwork for your long-term financial success.(虽然充分享受额外零花钱带来的快乐很重要，但不要忽视更大的前景。利用这笔意外之财来建立健康的理财习惯，为你的长期理财成功奠定基础)”可知，本段主要强调了要利用意外之财培养长期理财规划，即为未来做好准备与现在享受之间的平衡。故F选项“在享受现在和为未来做准备之间取得平衡”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“Lastly, seek guidance from trusted adults or financial mentors.(最后，向值得信赖的成年人或财务导师寻求指导)”可知，本句主要说明了向值得信赖的成年人或财务导师寻求指导的原因。故E选项“他们可以提供有价值的见解和个性化的建议”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省厦门大学附属科技中学·期末） As research is becoming more international and multidisciplinary (涉及多门学科的), some people think the Nobel Prize award system is outdated and needs some changes. When Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895, he specified the areas of work in which they should be awarded, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. 1 The only change has been the introduction of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1969. 2 Researchers have spent much of the last century developing specialized and sub-specialized fields of study, and now it has become clear that these sub-specializations are not independent of each other but closely related. Some greatest discoveries have been achieved through cooperation between disciplines. Watson (a physicist) and Crick (a biologist) together discovered the structure of DNA． 3 One example is the ENCODE project for human genome sequencing (基因组测序), which involved very large international teams that worked together over decades. But except for the prize for Peace, which can be awarded to organizations, all other Nobel Prizes are awarded to individuals. Further, the Nobel Prize allows a maximum of three shared winners for each of the disciplines awarded. 4 Perhaps it is time for change. With the Nobel Prize as a current hot topic of discussion, the issue of its incompatibility (不匹配) with multidisciplinary research has been discussed by several leading international newsletters. 5 The Guardian suggests that new interdisciplinary categories be introduced and varied every year. Scientific American proposes increasing the maximum number of awardees. Whatever be the way forward, it is clear that the trend toward multidisciplinary studies should be acknowledged and encouraged. A．They compared genome sequences. B．Some changes have been recommended. C．However, some are achieved individually. D．But science has developed tremendously since 1895. E．Even today the Nobel Prize is awarded in these categories. F．This means that not all members can receive this great honor. G．Also, modem scientific breakthroughs often result from collective efforts. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕诺贝尔奖奖励体系是否过时展开讨论，指出随着科学研究变得更加国际化和多学科化，该体系存在一些问题，如与多学科研究不匹配，进而讨论了对其进行变革的建议。 1．上文“When Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895, he specified the areas of work in which they should be awarded, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.(1895年阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中设立诺贝尔奖时，他明确了应该颁发奖项的工作领域，即物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学与和平)”说明了诺贝尔奖最初设立的奖项领域。E选项“Even today the Nobel Prize is awarded in these categories.(即使在今天，诺贝尔奖也是在这些类别中颁发)”承接上文，表明时至今日，诺贝尔奖仍在这些领域颁发，与后文“The only change has been the introduction of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1969.(唯一的变化是1969年增设了诺贝尔经济学奖)”形成对照，说明奖项领域的延续性。故选E项。 2．上文提到1895年设立诺贝尔奖时的情况，下文“Researchers have spent much of the last century developing specialized and sub - specialized fields of study, and now it has become clear that these sub - specializations are not independent of each other but closely related.(在过去的一个世纪里，研究人员花了大量时间发展专门和细分的研究领域，现在很明显，这些细分领域并不是相互独立的，而是密切相关的)”指出科学研究领域发生了很大变化。D选项“But science has developed tremendously since 1895.(但自1895年以来，科学有了巨大的发展)”起到承上启下的作用，表明自1895年以来科学发展迅猛，引出下文关于科学研究领域变化的内容。故选项D。 3．上文“Some greatest discoveries have been achieved through cooperation between disciplines. Watson (a physicist) and Crick (a biologist) together discovered the structure of DNA.(一些最伟大的发现是通过学科间的合作实现的。物理学家沃森和生物学家克里克共同发现了DNA的结构)”阐述了学科间合作取得伟大发现的例子。G选项“Also, modern scientific breakthroughs often result from collective efforts.(此外，现代科学突破往往来自集体努力)”进一步强调现代科学突破常源于集体努力，与上文构成递进关系，且下文“One example is the ENCODE project for human genome sequencing (基因组测序), which involved very large international teams that worked together over decades.(例如人类基因组测序的ENCODE项目，该项目涉及非常庞大的国际团队，他们共同工作了几十年)”举例说明了集体努力带来科学突破，与G选项呼应。故选G项。 4．上文“But except for the prize for Peace, which can be awarded to organizations, all other Nobel Prizes are awarded to individuals. Further, the Nobel Prize allows a maximum of three shared winners for each of the disciplines awarded.(但除了和平奖可以授予组织外，其他所有诺贝尔奖都授予个人。此外，诺贝尔奖每个获奖学科最多允许三名共同获奖者)”说明了诺贝尔奖的授予规则。F选项“This means that not all members can receive this great honor.(这意味着并非所有成员都能获得这一殊荣)”对上文进行总结，由于奖项授予规则限制，并非所有参与研究的成员都能获得诺贝尔奖，上下文逻辑连贯。故选F项。 5．上文“With the Nobel Prize as a current hot topic of discussion, the issue of its incompatibility (不匹配) with multidisciplinary research has been discussed by several leading international newsletters.(随着诺贝尔奖成为当前讨论的热门话题，一些主要的国际时事通讯都讨论了它与多学科研究不匹配的问题)”指出诺贝尔奖与多学科研究不匹配问题被讨论。B选项“Some changes have been recommended.(一些变革建议已被提出)”承接上文，表明针对该问题，已经有了一些变革建议，后文“The Guardian suggests that new interdisciplinary categories be introduced and varied every year. Scientific American proposes increasing the maximum number of awardees.(《卫报》建议引入新的跨学科类别并每年变化。《科学美国人》提议增加获奖者的最大数量)”具体说明了这些变革建议。故选B项。 主题04 人与社会——人际沟通 Passage 1 （2024~2025学年高二上学期·福建仙游第一中学·期末） First of all, we need to understand that handling interpersonal relationships is not as simple as treating others to meals or giving gifts. In today’s era, everyone seems to carry an invisible list of treating and gifting, from dinner parties to wedding banquets, from Mid-Autumn mooncakes to Spring Festival red envelopes, which all seem to be tightly wrapped in the “human relationship culture”. 1 The Mehrabian Principle Psychologist Albert Mehrabian put forward a very interesting formula, which reveals the importance of the three major elements in communication: the content of words accounts for only 7%, the tone of voice accounts for 38%, and a high 55% of the information actually comes from non-verbal body language. 2 Whether your eyes are wandering or firm when you speak, whether your gestures are fluttering or quiet, these subtle details that are easily ignored are the truth of interpersonal communication. Non-verbal Communication From the perspective of language psychology, a person’s speaking intonation, pitch, and speed will affect others’ understanding of his intentions. At the beginning of Martin Luther King’s speech, his tone was calm and low, with analysis and contemplation, telling the facts of racial inequality and gradually introducing hope. 3 Finally, it reached the peak in “Freedom forever”. The reason why this speech moved the audience was not only relying on the words, but also on the passion and hope conveyed by the tone. Emotional Capital The “emotional capital” in sociology can help us understand the role of the Mehrabian Principle in interpersonal relationships. 4 Treating others to meals can accumulate short-term goodwill, but only long-term emotional investment can make interpersonal relationships as stable as bank deposits and play a role at critical moments. Facial Expression Management As the saying goes, “You don’t hit a person who smiles at you”. A sincere smile can instantly shorten the distance between people. 5 A face that often wears a smile will make people feel that you are friendly and approachable, and they are willing to have in-depth communication with you. A．However, in fact, the key to interpersonal communication does not lie in material things, but in the emotional transmission during communication. B．When he said “I have a dream”, his tone rose, full of passion and expectation, and his voice became more powerful and rhythmic. C．This means that non-verbal signals are far more influential than the words themselves in communication. D．Emotional capital is a relational asset accumulated through emotional interaction, which creates trust in long-term relationships. E．Whether it’s a workplace meeting or a social gathering, a smile is always the best icebreaker. F．Many people believe that material gifts are the most direct way to maintain relationships. G．It is difficult to build trust with others if you always show a cold or unfriendly expression. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕人际交往展开，介绍梅拉比安法则，强调非语言沟通、情感资本及表情管理的重要性。 1．由上文“In today’s era, everyone seems to carry an invisible list of treating and gifting, from dinner parties to wedding banquets, from Mid-Autumn mooncakes to Spring Festival red envelopes, which all seem to be tightly wrapped in the “human relationship culture”. (在当今时代，从晚宴到婚宴，从中秋月饼到春节红包，每个人似乎都带着一张看不见的送礼清单，这些似乎都被“人际关系文化”紧紧包裹着。)”可知，前文描述了人际关系中物质往来的现象，空格处需转折引出真正的关键。A项However, in fact, the key to interpersonal communication does not lie in material things, but in the emotional transmission during communication. (然而，事实上，人际交往的关键并不在于物质，而在于沟通中的情感传递。)符合语境，“However”承接前文的物质现象，“the key to interpersonal communication does not lie in material things”点明核心在于情感传递，与前文形成对比。故选A项。 2．由上文“Psychologist Albert Mehrabian put forward a very interesting formula, which reveals the importance of the three major elements in communication: the content of words accounts for only 7%, the tone of voice accounts for 38%, and a high 55% of the information actually comes from non-verbal body language. (心理学家Albert Mehrabian提出了一个非常有趣的公式，揭示了沟通中三大要素的重要性：语言的内容仅占7%，语调占38%，55%的信息实际上来自非言语肢体语言。)”可知，数据突出了非语言信号的重要性。C项This means that non-verbal signals are far more influential than the words themselves in communication. (这意味着在沟通中，非语言信号比语言本身更具影响力。)是对前文数据的总结，“This means”呼应前文的公式结论，“non-verbal signals are far more influential”直接体现数据所揭示的规律。故选C项。 3．由上文“At the beginning of Martin Luther King’s speech, his tone was calm and low, with analysis and contemplation, telling the facts of racial inequality and gradually introducing hope. (马丁・路德・金演讲伊始，语调平静低沉，带着分析与沉思，讲述种族不平等的事实，并逐渐引入希望。)”可知，前文描述了演讲开始时的语调，空格处应延续对演讲过程中语调变化的描述。B项When he said “I have a dream”, his tone rose, full of passion and expectation, and his voice became more powerful and rhythmic. (当他说出“我有一个梦想”时，语调上扬，充满激情与期待，声音也变得更有力、更有节奏。)符合语境，“When he said “I have a dream””具体描述演讲中的关键部分，“tone rose”与前文“tone was calm and low”形成对比，体现语调变化。故选B项。 4．由上文“The “emotional capital” in sociology can help us understand the role of the Mehrabian Principle in interpersonal relationships. (社会学中的“情感资本”有助于我们理解梅拉比安法则在人际关系中的作用。)”可知，前文引出“情感资本”这一概念，空格处应解释其含义。D项Emotional capital is a relational asset accumulated through emotional interaction, which creates trust in long-term relationships. (情感资本是通过情感互动积累的关系资产，它在长期关系中建立信任。)符合语境，直接对“emotional capital”下定义，“accumulated through emotional interaction”和“creates trust”解释了其本质与作用，承接前文对概念的引入。故选D项。 5．由上文“A sincere smile can instantly shorten the distance between people. (真诚的微笑能瞬间拉近人与人之间的距离。)”和下文“A face that often wears a smile will make people feel that you are friendly and approachable, and they are willing to have in-depth communication with you. (一张经常面带微笑的脸会让人觉得你很友好，平易近人，他们愿意和你进行深入的交流。)”可知，上下文均围绕“微笑”的作用展开，空格处应进一步说明微笑在不同场景中的作用。E项Whether it’s a workplace meeting or a social gathering, a smile is always the best icebreaker. (无论是职场会议还是社交聚会，微笑都是最好的破冰方式。)符合语境，“Whether...or...”列举不同场景，“best icebreaker”呼应前文“shorten the distance”和后文“friendly and approachable”，强调微笑的普遍作用。故选E项。 Passage 2 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省福州第一中学·期末） Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. 1 Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal. The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile. Its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. 2 There are many ways around the world to show approval. 3 Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means refusal. Besides, in almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen. 4 Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. There are so many cultural differences between people. 5 We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do! A．We just tend to put on a smile to gain agreement. B．It is possible to “read” others around us. C．How about showing that I am bored? D．People may worry about learning body language. E．However, the general purpose is to show good feelings. F．Therefore, it is great to have some similarities in body language. G．Nevertheless, nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．G 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言是最有力的交流手段之一。世界各地的人们表现出各种各样的感情、愿望和态度，而肢体语言也有可能会被误解，所以我们要学会“读懂”周围的人。 1．前文“Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud.( 肢体语言是最有力的交流方式之一。世界各地的人们会展示出各种他们可能永远不会大声说出来的情感、愿望和态度。)”提到肢体语言是最有力的交流方式之一。后文“Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.( 当然，肢体语言可能会被误解，但许多手势和动作是通用的。)”提到肢体语言可能会被误解。B选项It is possible to “read” others around us.( 我们有可能 “读懂” 周围的人。)可知，承上启下，既说明了肢体语言能表达各种情感等，所以可以读懂他人，又引出后文肢体语言可能被误解但有通用性。故选B项。 2．前文“The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile. Its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.( 最通用的面部表情当然是微笑。它的功能是表达快乐并让人放松。然而，它并不总是意味着我们真的快乐。世界各地的微笑可能是假的，隐藏着其他情绪，如愤怒、恐惧或担忧。也有不开心的微笑，比如当有人 “丢面子” 时微笑着掩饰。)”说明微笑可能有其他含义，E选项However, the general purpose is to show good feelings.( 然而，微笑的总体目的是表达美好的情感。)中“However”表示转折，与前文微笑可能有其他含义形成对比，强调总体上微笑是表达美好情感。故选E项。 3．前文“There are many ways around the world to show approval.( 世界各地有很多表示赞同的方式。)”提到世界各地有很多表示赞同的方式。后文“Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means refusal.( 大多数人也明白左右摇头意味着拒绝。)”提到很多人明白左右摇头意味着拒绝。G选项Nevertheless, nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide.( 然而，上下点头几乎在全世界都被用来表示赞同。)中“Nevertheless”表示转折，与前文表示赞同的方式相呼应，且与后文摇头表示拒绝形成对比。故选G项。 4．后文“Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.( 在大多数情况下，把目光从别人身上移开或打哈欠会让我看起来不感兴趣。)”说明表现出不感兴趣的方式，C选项How about showing that I am bored?( 那么如何表现出我很无聊呢？)引出后文关于表现出不感兴趣（无聊）的方式。故选C项。 5．前文“There are so many cultural differences between people.( 人与人之间存在着如此多的文化差异。)”提到文化差异。后文“We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!( 我们常常会误解彼此，所以我们能如此理解彼此真是一件令人惊奇的事情！)”提到理解彼此真是一件令人惊奇的事情。F选项Therefore, it is great to have some similarities in body language.( 因此，在肢体语言方面有一些相似之处是很棒的。)中“Therefore”表示因果关系，因为文化差异多，所以肢体语言有相似之处很棒，承上启下。故选F项。 Passage 3 （2024-2025学年高二上学期·福建省莆田锦江中学·期末） Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first. 1 There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize. First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used. 2 Remember, you will be raising a topic that may recall a bad experience or bad feelings. Be respectful as you approach this task. Be direct and brief in your approach. Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. 3 Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance. 4 If you think of the offense (冒犯) as an emotional bruise (瘀伤), think of the healing process as the color changes we see as a bruise heals. 5 Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions. A．Forgiveness and acceptance may take time. B．To give or receive a good apology is an art. C．But with practice, everyone can learn to do it. D．Listening to the response to our apologies is important. E．Most apologies can and should happen in a private setting. F．In other words, avoid excuses and offer to repair the damage. G．Taking responsibility doesn’t mean accepting blame for everything. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以帮助你学习如何道歉的技巧。 1． 上文“Learning how to apologize is similar to learning any new behavior. It may feel awkward and may not be polished at first.(学习如何道歉与学习任何新行为类似。一开始可能会感觉别扭，可能没有被打磨好。)”指出学习道歉一开始可能会让你感到别扭，下文“There are several tips that will help you as you learn how to apologize.(当您学习如何道歉时，有一些技巧可以帮助您。)”指出有些技巧可以帮助您学习道歉，这说明通过学习就能学会如何道歉，C项“但通过练习，每个人都可以学会这样做。”符合，承上启下，故选C。 2．上文“First of all, wait until the right time and you are in the right place. Although public apology is often appropriate, discretion (谨慎) should be used.(首先，等到合适的时间和地点。尽管公开道歉通常是合适的，但仍应谨慎行事。)”指出公开道歉需要谨慎行事，要等到合适的时间和地点，空处承接上文，E项“大多数道歉可以而且应该在私人场合进行。”符合，具体介绍了在什么地点适合公开道歉，故选E。 3．上文“Acknowledge the fact that injury has occurred and then take responsibility for what happened. Be sincere in expressing your regret and demonstrate your willingness to take ownership of the situation. (承认已经发生伤害的事实，然后对所发生的事情承担责任。真诚地表达你的遗憾，并表明你愿意对事情负责。)”可知，道歉时要承认已经发生伤害的事实，并承担自己的责任，这说明不要为自己找借口，要主动承担责任，修复问题，F项“换句话说，避免找借口并主动修复损坏。”符合，故选F。 4．上文“Even if you follow these steps, be prepared for rejection. Sometimes, the person apologizing has an expectation that the apology will lead to immediate forgiveness and acceptance.(即使您遵循这些步骤，也要做好被拒绝的准备。有时，道歉的人期望道歉会立即得到原谅和接受。)”可知，要做好被拒绝的准备，道歉的人期望会立即得到原谅且被接受，但是原谅和接受是需要时间的，A项“原谅和接受可能需要时间。”符合，承接上文，故选A。 5．此处是本段中心句，下文“Knowing when to keep one’s mouth shut is a virtue. Keeping quiet may be very difficult, as post-apology listening is not easy. We may hear unpleasant observations from another about our own shortcomings. We may hear the expression of anger. One of the ways we let others know we are truly responsible and accountable for our mistakes is by listening to the other party pour out the feelings associated with our actions.(知道什么时候闭嘴是一种美德。保持安静可能非常困难，因为道歉后倾听并不容易。我们可能会听到别人对我们自己的缺点提出不愉快的评论。我们可能会听到愤怒的表情。我们让别人知道我们真正对自己的错误负有责任和负责的方法之一是倾听对方倾诉与我们的行为相关的感受。)”可知，本段主要介绍道歉时要倾听别人，D项“倾听对我们道歉的回应很重要。”符合，故选D。 1 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $