专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道）（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高三英语上学期

专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道） 新闻报道 Passage 1 （山东省日照市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末校际联合考试英语试题）Noted for his profound description of life along the Chinese railway, Wang Fuchun passed away on March 13th at the age of 79. His engaging photographs capture the substance of China’s ever-changing landscape. Being artistic and good at painting and calligraphy, Wang found that photography bridged the two worlds: he could make art with his camera and increasingly he felt that his goal was not art, but life. In the late 1970s, when he started taking his photographs, everyone on a railway platform looked reserved and orderly. By the late 1980s, a great rush to the cities had begun on the trains. He recorded young migrant workers shedding their shirts, running with sweat, seeking coolness on top of the seats. He did not ask anyone’s permission to take them, and he preferred to act secretly, like a thief in a way, as it captured the authentic (真实的) moments of people’s lives—and so mirrored all the more clearly how China was changing. His project was all-consuming. Over 40 years he estimated he had ridden on 1, 000 trains and covered more than 100, 000 kilometers, on every line in China. Each trip was neatly noted down in a notebook; he took about 200, 000 pictures, and logged each by its place. From those pictures, he felt the migrants’ poverty too keenly, and he preferred to capture the hope that pushed people on to trains. China was rushing to the modern world. Steam was fading; the green-skinned trains acquired fans and air-conditioning. Then came express trains, then high-speed rail. The aisles were clear, the windows sealed. However, in the reclining seats (躺椅座位), everyone reclined. In the ordinary seats, everyone’s noses were buried in their tablets and their phones. He liked the message of hope; he was proud of what China had achieved. But how sad, he also thought that on that dashing train there was no mess, no collision of life and no good subjects for him, and that Chinese people should once again look so orderly, reserved and unconcerned about each other, even on a train. 1．How did Wang Fuchun reveal the changes in China with his camera? A．By creating art works on railway platforms. B．By documenting migrant workers’ daily life. C．By recording the transformation of life on the train. D．By capturing a great rush to cities along the railway. 2．Why did Wang Fuchun prefer to take photographs secretly? A．To perform his duty. B．To reflect reality better. C．To avoid disturbing people. D．To satisfy his curiosity. 3．What did Wang Fuchun find about the passengers on the modern train? A．They were only focused on themselves. B．They were quite messy and disorganized. C．They were interested in the reclining seats. D．They were engaged in lively conversations. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Wang Fuchun? A．Friendly and considerate. B．Devoted and observant. C．Talented and humorous. D．Optimistic and generous. Passage 2 （山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题）The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years. Could this shark be a part of a newly discovered ancient shark species? This fossil’s original discovery was in 1975 on a farm just west of Morden, Manitoba. The skeleton was brought into the museum and was forgotten within the ever-growing fossil collection. The skeleton was hidden in the collections room for over 40 years and the center just recently found the fossil in its storage around eight years ago. Adolfo Cuertara, the director of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre, explained that “It’s a very special shark for many reasons. It’s highly possible that we are talking about a new species.” Although the shark has not been given a scientific name yet, the museum has unofficially named the skeleton, “Dave”, in honor of the farmer on whose land the skeleton was found. After the fossil rediscovery, Dave was exhibited at the fossil center museum. Dave is around 15 feet long and is one of the largest well-preserved shark skeletons in the entire world. Within the paleontology (古生物学) world, complete shark fossils are extremely rare due to their soft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age. Dave’s shark species are filter feeders with no teeth, who receive their nutrition by absorbing it out of the water. Cuertara emphasizes Dave’s uniqueness by explaining, “The shape of the jaws and the skull and the kind of structures that it has, because the preservation is really amazing, is telling us that it is probably going to be a new species. The problem is now we need scientific papers and scientific research and this paper is underway.” The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre is hopeful that more scientific research will provide more information on Dave’s ancient shark species. For now, Dave is currently on display at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up to date with their current information. 1．Where probably could you find this article? A．Science textbook of college. B．Advertising brochure of museum. C．Discovery column of magazine. D．Bulletin board of animal world. 2．What does the underlined word “disintegrates” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Die away. B．Break down. C．Build up. D．Lie down. 3．What evidence made scientists believe Dave is a new shark species? A．The structure of skull and jaw. B．The preservation of jaw and the skull. C．The uniqueness of no teeth structure. D．The rare soft cartilage. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre displays Dave ancient shark species. B．Dave’s shark species is a new species of ancient shark. C．Canadian Museum rediscovers a new ancient shark species. D．Dave’s shark skeleton is in honor of the farmer who rediscovered it. Passage 3 （山东省聊城市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题）This story is part of Nature’s 10, an annual list produced by the world’s leading science journal Nature, exploring individuals who contributed to the key developments in science. On the 2023 list published, the journal included a non-human entity — ChatGPT, for the first time. ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behaviour, Zitnik adds. But why include a computer program in a list of people who have shaped science in 2023? ChatGPT is not a person. But actually, it and other generative artificial-intelligence (AI) programs are changing how scientists work. They have also rekindled debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence and how best to regulate the interaction between the two. That’s why this year’s Nature’s 10 has a non-human addition. Interestingly, Nature’s list also includes one of its creators. Ilya Sutskever, the chief scientist and cofounder of OpenAI, the organization that created ChatGPT, is one of the minds at the forefront of generative artificial intelligence. He saw this company as an opportunity to develop general artificial intelligence that could outperform humans and develop its own consciousness. Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s potential is too great for models to be available to anyone who wants to use them, and he was among the first to realize that the systems that scientists like his mentor, Geoffrey Hinton, had begun to develop would begin to show their actual capabilities as computing power increased. In recent months, he devoted his efforts toward creating a method to direct and control artificial intelligence systems that are more intelligent than humans. 1．Which of the following is true about Nature’s 10 according to the passage? A．Nature’s 10 is celebrating the development of science technology. B．Only human beings were elected as Nature’s 10 before. C．Nature’s 10 was started in 2023 for the first time. D．It was awarded by the local government yearly. 2．What is the second paragraph about? A．Experts’ opinions on ChatGPT. B．How ChatGPT functions. C．The application of ChatGPT in science research. D．The promotion of ChatGPT. 3．What does the underlined word rekindled in paragraph 3 mean? A．Settled. B．Restarted. C．Participated. D．Launched. 4．Which of the following can best describe Ilya Sutskever’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Confident and cautious. B．Proud and concerned. C．Objective and doubtful. D．Enthusiastic and warning. Passage 4 （山东省枣庄市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history. On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union's space program — revealed that this year's average global temperatures have been 2.6℉ (1.46°C ) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2°F (0.13°C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement. The researchers note that this year's record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event — a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures — that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January2022 eruption of Tonga's underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible. Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs' worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4. The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world's largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the U S coastline by 2050. However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible. 1．What's the purpose of the text? A．To report the recorded hottest year. B．To present findings of a research. C．To analyze the causes of climate change. D．To warn of the coming natural disaster. 2．Which is the main factor in causing the warmest weather in 2023? A．Eruption of an underwater volcano. B．Greenhouse gas emissions. C．Collapse of the Gulf Stream. D．The latest El Nino event. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Scientists' predictions of the future. B．The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S. C．The effects of climate change. D．Different opinions on global warming. 4．How does Michael Mann feel about the present situation? A．Confused. B．Worried. C．Pessimistic. D．Hopeful. Passage 5 （山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. Then he turned to his mother, Xie Xianlian, and saw she quickly wiped tears away, pretending her eyes were blurred by sand. The 18-year-old young man is from a poor, rural family in Chongqing. His father died of lung cancer when he was a child. Yuan was diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症) when he was three years old. His older brother, who was paralyzed (瘫痪), died of the same disease at the age of 22. After long-term medication, Yuan decided to stop taking the medicine due to its high cost and there was no sign his health was getting better. The condition worsened as Yuan grew older. He could only walk slowly on flat ground and relied on others to carry him up and down stairs. When he was 14 years old, he could no longer stand up and had to use a wheelchair. At first, his mother hesitated between continuing Yuan’s education and saving money for treatment. But Yuan was determined. “I must go to school or I will be absolutely useless,” he said. So Xie made a promise to herself: “I will never let my son drop out.” To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. Yuan and his mother’s perseverance moved many people and also won the support of his teachers and classmates. “He never asked for more because of his disability,” one of Yuan’s teachers said, “His strong characteristics unconsciously encouraged me and the students.” Yuan’s stepfather also changed his attitude after seeing Yuan’s persistence and aspiration to study and gain knowledge. “I never complain to him; it is a loss that they didn’t get the chance to read,” Yuan said. Through his own efforts, Yuan scored 670 in the college entrance exam. The Southwestern University said they will arrange a job for Xie, so she can better take care of her son while he is at university. 1．What does the underlined word “blurred” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Covered. B．Blocked. C．Indistinct. D．Invisible. 2．Which of the following best describes Yuan? A．Adaptable and indecisive. B．Persistent and sensitive. C．Delicate and hard-working. D．Diligent and considerate. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Yuan’s condition improved with long-term medication. B．Yuan always has a positive impact on the people around. C．Diagnosed with muscular dystrophy, Yuan was paralyzed. D．Yuan and his brother both had the same disease, but only he recovered. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．An Unlucky Man’s Lucky Life B．A Rural Student’s Journey to Education C．A Young Man Who Received Help Is Grateful D．A Young Man in a Wheelchair Is Admitted to University Passage 6 （山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）To reduce the carbon emissions from passenger jets and long-haul trucks, a vast volume of soy-based renewable fuel will be needed. To produce it, American farmers could ruin existing cornfields to clear space, plant millions of additional acres of soybeans and shut down all soybean exports. Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil. One of the startups, ZeaKal Inc., funded in part by seed giant Corteva Inc., plans to introduce its first batch of high-oil seeds for commercial planting in 2024. Scientists have tricked the plant into sustaining photosynthesis for longer with genetic recombination, ultimately producing more oil as well as more protein. Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy, a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies. Tax credits make companies in the transportation industry switch to fuel with lower carbon emission. S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030, up from around 2.7 billion this year. It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade, compared with just 182 million gallons a year now. Despite the bullish predictions, the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry. And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off, widespread adoption will take time. Farmers may be reluctant to become early adopters of a technology that hasn’t yet proven its benefits, especially if the oil content comes at the expense of existing genetic recombinations that improve disease or pest resistance. Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc. has signed a deal with Zeakal, agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety, which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels. If large oil companies follow suit, the soybean market might never look the same. “We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect,” says Mike Dillon, vice president of ZeaKal, “That’s a very dramatic shift.” 1．How did researchers plan to produce more oil? A．By planting more soybeans. B．By banning soybean exports. C．By fertilizing soybean fields. D．By engineering soybean genes. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning the figure in paragraph 3? A．The continuous use of the fuel. B．The growing demand for biofuel. C．The serious lack of green fuel supplies. D．The fierce competition between companies. 3．Who can change the current biofuel market according to the last paragraph? A．Companies. B．Farmers. C．Scientists. D．Governments 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Biofuel: A New Way to Cut Down Carbon Emissions B．Oilier Soybeans: Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel C．A Big Shift: From Conventional Soybeans to Altered Ones D．Genetic Modification: A Technology to Breed New Soybeans Passage 7 （山东省泰安新泰市某校2023-2024学年高三上学期期末仿真模拟英语试题）A nine-year-old boy has set a new 5km parkrun world record for his age group. Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds. Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.” Louis was accompanied on the parkrun by Dion Garner, a member of his athletics club, as all under-11s in the 5km event must run within arm’s length of an adult. Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.” A spokesman for Poole Runners said, “With his new world record, Louis has raised the bar for young athletes everywhere. This isn’t just a win for Louis, it’s a new benchmark (标准) for youth sports, inspiring children all over the world to aim higher.” Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004. By 2015 more than 80,000 people were gathering in parks around the world each Saturday to participate in a parkrun. Only three years later about a quarter of a million people were taking part in parkruns each week, in 1,500 events across 20 countries. In comparison, 48,000 runners took part in the London Marathon this year. 1．What is the previous 5km parkrun world record? A．17 minutes and 27 seconds. B．17 minutes and 23 seconds. C．17 minutes and 40 seconds. D．17 minutes and 53 seconds. 2．How did Louis feel after breaking the world record? A．Surprised and thankful. B．Modest and satisfied. C．Grateful and delighted. D．Thrilled and shocked. 3．What did Garner think of Louis’s achievement? A．Efforts paid off. B．Strength was at the peak. C．Determination was the key. D．Mind changed the behavior. 4．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Parkrun is ancient but increasingly popular. B．Standards are needed to make parkrun formal. C．Parkrun originates from a weekly initiative. D．Over twenty countries compete to host a parkrun. Passage 8 （山东省威海市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Costa Rica’s jungles might seem an unlikely spot for a group of medics (医学工作者) to gather together. But struggling through this dense stretch of Central American wilderness, that’s exactly who you might encounter. Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions. Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space. While all medics need to think on their feet, Mark Hannaford, the founder of WEM, explains that for extreme medics, that need is heightened. Medics might treat a patient in the burning heat of a desert, on an ice-cold tundra(苔原), or stabilize a person at altitude or in the dark. Despite this, he says, “you don’t need to run a marathon with a backpack on every day to be an extreme medic. Physical fitness is not the challenge. The challenge is adequately preparing yourself for the environment you are going into.” “You really have to take good self-care in these environments,” adds pre-hospital lead and extreme medicine trainer, Eoin Walker. In places like Costa Rica, he teaches medics skills in security, diet and wound closure etc.. But medics also learn to care for their own physical and mental health. “In the UK, we don’t have to remember to drink every hour, or clean and dry our feet, or look at our calorie content — but you do in that environment,” he says. “People who live where disaster hits still have issues like diabetes, babies are still being born, people need medical treatment,” says Mark. And with more disasters set to strike, their needs will only increase. “Training extreme medics is becoming more important as we face environmental challenges like climate change,” he adds. 1．Costa Rica’s jungles in this text are where ______. A．extreme medical service is offered B．extreme medics create new medicine C．the head office of WEM is located D．extreme medics do business with locals 2．What does the underlined phrase “that need” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Being physically healthy. B．Providing healthcare in crisis. C．Responding wisely and quickly. D．Analyzing working environment. 3．What message does Eoin Walker want to convey? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．Self-care cannot be stressed enough. C．Prevention is better than cure. D．Healthy environment matters a lot. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call on people to be extreme medics. B．To introduce a new rising branch of medicine. C．To recommend a medical training organization. D．To show the growing demand of medics in remote areas. Passage 9 （山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）China announced a long-awaited plan to integrate(融合) the southern Pearl River Delta Area(PRDA) as an attempt to create a powerhouse to rival(相匹敌) the US Silicon Valley that is home to such well-known companies as Google, Facebook and Apple. The possibilities and challenges of the effort are both equally promising and challenging. The plan is a natural result of the economic and technological development in the area. China’s opening up to the world more than four decades ago began in the south and PRDA has long been home to many of the country’s leading technological companies. includin, Huawei and Tencent. “The plan is promising,” said Adam Xu, an analyst at OC & C Strategy Consultants. “If you really look at history in China, a lot of top-down plans always have very strong bottom-up support. And a lot of economic activities have already happened there. Now they have a big plan to officially recognize, promote and further accelerate.” The key challenge will be execution(执行). The plan has to integrate three different legal systems among Mainland China, Hongkong and Macau. That makes PRDA unique compared to the other two major areas in China—the Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin Area and the Yangtze River Delta Area near Shanghai. “We don’t know how effectively the top-down plan will guide the many independent growing forces at the local level,” Xu admitted. “This part will be quite an important challenge.” China has already taken major steps to overcome some of the physical barriers such as linking Hongkong with Guangzhou and Shenzhen by high-speed railways and its recent opening of the 55-kilometer Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge. But other barriers, such as the flow of people, information and money, may prove to be a bigger challenge. Xu said, “The biggest challenge and the biggest beauty—if they eventually succeed—will be linking all of these together.” 1．What are paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The favorable conditions in PRDA． B．The benefits of top-down plans in China. C．PRDA’s advantages over the Silicon Valley. D．The flow of people. information and money. 2．Which challenge is unique in the Pearl River Delta Area? A．The physical barriers. B．The cultural differences. C．The government control. D．The different legal systems. 3．Which of the following cities are connected by the 55-kilometer bridge? A．Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Macau. B．Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau. C．Zhuhai, Macau, Hongkong. D．Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hongkong. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Different Legal Systems in Hongkong and Macau B．The Possibilities and Challenges of Integrating PRDA C．The Problems Facing China’s Newly Announced Plans D．The Fast Development in the Pearl River Delta Area Passage 10 （山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Queen Elizabeth is known for her devotion to her country, her close relationships with her family and, most importantly, her corgis. Unfortunately, over the weekend she lost the last of her royal corgis, Willow. According to The Daily Mail, the 15-year-old dog had to be put to death after suffering a cancer-related illness. This marks the first time that the 91-year-old Queen is without a corgi in the royal household since World War Ⅱ. In 2015, Monty Roberts, the Queen’s dog trainer, shared some details with Vanity Fair about her pets. Roberts encouraged Queen Elizabeth to continue breeding (繁殖) corgis, but, in her old age, she didn’t want to leave any young dog behind. She did, however, adopt a full-grown Corgi named Whisper in 2017, after its owner, who was a gatekeeper at the palace, died. It was also said that Queen Elizabeth was worried she’d trip over the dogs playing at her feet. It was a pretty real fear. Former royal staff Paul Burrell claimed that he was once tripped by nine corgis while walking them down the steps at the palace. Willow was a dog with equally blue blood, although she never found social media stardom. It was a 14th-generation child of Susan, the corgi who was gifted to Elizabeth on her 18th birthday by her father, King George Ⅵ. One of Willow’s most memorable moments was posing with James Bond at the 2012 London Olympics. Holly, Queen’s another corgi, also starred in the video, but she passed away more than a year ago, at the age of 13. This is truly the end of an era, as Queen Elizabeth has owned more than 30 corgis throughout her life. At one point, she had 13 at once. “She was sad for each loss of her corgis over the years, but she has been particularly upset about Willow’s death,” a Buckingham Palace source told The Daily Mail. “It is probably because Willow was the last link to her parents and a pastime that goes back to her own childhood.” 1．What happened to Willow over the weekend according to The Daily Mail? A．It was killed in a car accident. B．It was put to death. C．It had an unsuccessful operation. D．It was found to have cancer. 2．Why did Queen Elizabeth stop breeding corgis according to Monty Roberts? A．She was too weak to take care of the dogs. B．She became tired of those crazy little dogs. C．She was afraid that she’d trip over the dogs. D．She was worried about the dogs after her death. 3．What do the underlined words “blue blood” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Noble ancestor. B．Bad mood. C．Cold heart. D．Terrible disease. 4．What does Willow probably mean for Queen Elizabeth? A．The end of an era. B．Her control over the country. C．A tie with her parents. D．The hardship in her childhood. 议论文 Passage 1 （山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）For too long, we’ve been living on the edge of burnout, with to-do lists growing longer, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think, how are we able to come up with new ideas, let alone carry them out? I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However, the tide is turning in the world of work: there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands, and increased awareness about the benefits — including improved concentration, creativity and job satisfaction-of doing one thing at a time. According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively (认知地), it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated. The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once. 1．What’s people’s common view to busyness? A．It is a way to generate new ideas. B．It shows that people are less productive. C．It reflects people’s poor time-management. D．It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence. 2．How does the author feel after she became self-employed? A．Relaxed. B．Panicked. C．Uneasy. D．Stress-free. 3．What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3? A．It can reduce our productivity. B．It can weaken our cognitive ability. C．It makes us creative and concentrated. D．It is essential in today’s fast-pace world. 4．What does the author suggest in the passage? A．Following high-achieving people. B．Working one task at a time. C．Raising the efficiency of multitasking. D．Challenging our brain capacity. Passage 2 （山东省青岛市城阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires. Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.” Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way? One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye. Similarly, when you see someone’s success in school, appreciate the hard work they put into it. Ask with gentle curiosity, “How’s it been for you?” Listen with your full attention that in itself can be a rare gift in today’s hustle and bustle world. By maintaining your concern and listening to the ways they want to be accompanied and supported — even when it might not be your first instinct — you can see them as a whole person, with complex feelings, very human needs, and inherent dignity. 1．What does the underlined word “backfires” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Improves the situation. B．Shows sincere concern. C．Removes hurtful feelings. D．Produces an unexpected result. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Analyzing the phenomenon. B．Listing another example. C．Presenting the solution. D．Making a proposal. 3．Why does the author suggest simply asking “How are you doing”? A．To start a light conversation. B．To focus on one’s inner needs. C．To explore the secret of keeping slim. D．To show appreciation for one’s efforts. 4．What might be the title for the text? A．Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game B．Why We Need to Make Praises to Others. C．Follow Me and Be a Qualified Therapist D．How Innocent Words can Be Harmful Passage 3 （山东省青岛市莱西市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 1．What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks? A．Parents praise their kids too much. B．Going to the extremes is common for parents. C．Parents should understand their kids better. D．Confidence is significant for kids’ well being. 2．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean? A．Give support. B．Get undesired effect. C．Put a fire under control. D．Become powerful. 3．As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to? A．Praise your children as often as possible. B．Never expect much of your children. C．All children deserves a verbal reward. D．Children’s effort outweighs the result. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By answering a question. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting. D．By making comparison. Passage 4 （山东省滨州市惠民县2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths? Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero’s Journey. So, what is the “hero’s journey”? He thinks of it as a cycle in his book. The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero. The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you? and then you recover and do it again. You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.” What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions for the school play? Baseball tryouts? The paper due? Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again. 1．What is the correct order of the following stages of the “Hero’s journey”? ①Return to the ordinary world but outgrow his old life. ②Receive the call to adventure and assistance from a wiser. ③Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials. ④Face the life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power. A．①②③④ B．②④①③ C．②③④① D．③②④① 2．Why is Hero’s Journey myth so popular? A．Because it’s a way to reflect on our world. B．Because it’s a way to learn about the past. C．Because these stories are always being updated. D．Because these stories are part of human culture. 3．Which of the following may the author disagree with? A．We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger. B．Our comfort zone will hinder our development. C．Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life. D．We should overcome our fears faced with danger. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Hero with a Thousand Faces. B．The Hero’s Journey. C．How to Conquer Your Fear. D．Be Your Own Hero. Passage 5 （山东省青岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors. In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key－enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 1．How did Gladwell support his idea? A．By listing numbers. B．By using examples. C．By interviewing famous people. D．By mentioning other researchers. 2．Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with? A．Practice alone is far from enough. B．10,000 hours of practice leads to success. C．Practice hours vary from person to person. D．Deliberate practice is much more effective. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of practice. B．Factors in creating experts. C．The importance of natural talent. D．Warnings for experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. （山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have no idea," he said. "Where is he from?" I continued. He responded, "I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot." "Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues." My son doesn't mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other. Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "doing for". Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is "doing for", as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online "friends" would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they'd just order soup online. Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital lie produces false friendships. 1．What did the author start the text with? A．A motto. B．A game C．A question. D．A conversation. 2．What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3? A．Selfish friendship. B．Selfless sacrifices in life C．The meaning of deep friendship. D．The formation of shallow friendship 3．What does the author want to tell his students in paragraph 4? A．Strong bonds are formed easily B．Ordering food online is convenient C．Robots will have our back in trouble. D．Virtual friends won't make real sacrifices. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Digitalized friendship B．The benefits of digital life. C．Face-to-face communication D．The sacrifices of online friends. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道） 新闻报道 Passage 1 （山东省日照市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末校际联合考试英语试题）Noted for his profound description of life along the Chinese railway, Wang Fuchun passed away on March 13th at the age of 79. His engaging photographs capture the substance of China’s ever-changing landscape. Being artistic and good at painting and calligraphy, Wang found that photography bridged the two worlds: he could make art with his camera and increasingly he felt that his goal was not art, but life. In the late 1970s, when he started taking his photographs, everyone on a railway platform looked reserved and orderly. By the late 1980s, a great rush to the cities had begun on the trains. He recorded young migrant workers shedding their shirts, running with sweat, seeking coolness on top of the seats. He did not ask anyone’s permission to take them, and he preferred to act secretly, like a thief in a way, as it captured the authentic (真实的) moments of people’s lives—and so mirrored all the more clearly how China was changing. His project was all-consuming. Over 40 years he estimated he had ridden on 1, 000 trains and covered more than 100, 000 kilometers, on every line in China. Each trip was neatly noted down in a notebook; he took about 200, 000 pictures, and logged each by its place. From those pictures, he felt the migrants’ poverty too keenly, and he preferred to capture the hope that pushed people on to trains. China was rushing to the modern world. Steam was fading; the green-skinned trains acquired fans and air-conditioning. Then came express trains, then high-speed rail. The aisles were clear, the windows sealed. However, in the reclining seats (躺椅座位), everyone reclined. In the ordinary seats, everyone’s noses were buried in their tablets and their phones. He liked the message of hope; he was proud of what China had achieved. But how sad, he also thought that on that dashing train there was no mess, no collision of life and no good subjects for him, and that Chinese people should once again look so orderly, reserved and unconcerned about each other, even on a train. 1．How did Wang Fuchun reveal the changes in China with his camera? A．By creating art works on railway platforms. B．By documenting migrant workers’ daily life. C．By recording the transformation of life on the train. D．By capturing a great rush to cities along the railway. 2．Why did Wang Fuchun prefer to take photographs secretly? A．To perform his duty. B．To reflect reality better. C．To avoid disturbing people. D．To satisfy his curiosity. 3．What did Wang Fuchun find about the passengers on the modern train? A．They were only focused on themselves. B．They were quite messy and disorganized. C．They were interested in the reclining seats. D．They were engaged in lively conversations. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Wang Fuchun? A．Friendly and considerate. B．Devoted and observant. C．Talented and humorous. D．Optimistic and generous. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了人物王富春，他以深度描写中国铁路沿线生活而闻名，他用引人入胜的照片捕捉了中国不断变化的景观的本质。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the late 1970s, when he started taking his photographs, everyone on a railway platform looked reserved and orderly. By the late 1980s, a great rush to the cities had begun on the trains.(20世纪70年代末，当他开始拍摄照片时，火车站台上的每个人都显得拘谨而有序。到20世纪80年代末，火车开始大量涌入城市)”可知，王富春是通过记录火车上人们生活的变化来展示中国的变化的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“He did not ask anyone’s permission to take them, and he preferred to act secretly, like a thief in a way, as it captured the authentic (真实的) moments of people’s lives—and so mirrored all the more clearly how China was changing.(他没有征求任何人的许可就拍摄了这些照片，他更喜欢偷偷摸摸地拍摄，在某种程度上就像一个小偷，因为它捕捉到了人们生活中真实的时刻——因此更清楚地反映了中国是如何变化的)”可知，王富春喜欢偷偷拍照的原因是为了更好地反映现实。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“However, in the reclining seats (躺椅座位), everyone reclined. In the ordinary seats, everyone’s noses were buried in their tablets and their phones.(然而，在躺椅上，每个人都躺着。在普通座位上，每个人都埋头于自己的平板电脑和手机)”以及第六段“But how sad, he also thought that on that dashing train there was no mess, no collision of life and no good subjects for him, and that Chinese people should once again look so orderly, reserved and unconcerned about each other, even on a train.(但多么悲哀啊，他又想到，在那辆疾驰的火车上，没有混乱，没有生命的碰撞，没有他的好题材，中国人又应该是这样井然有序、矜持自若的样子，即使是在火车上)”可知，在现代飞速奔驰的列车上，人们只关注自己。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“His project was all-consuming. Over 40 years he estimated he had ridden on 1, 000 trains and covered more than 100, 000 kilometers, on every line in China. Each trip was neatly noted down in a notebook; he took about 200, 000 pictures, and logged each by its place. From those pictures, he felt the migrants’ poverty too keenly, and he preferred to capture the hope that pushed people on to trains.(他的项目耗费了大量精力。据他估计，40多年来，他在中国的每条铁路线上乘坐过1000列火车，行程超过10万公里。每次旅行都被整齐地记录在笔记本上;他拍了大约20万张照片，并按位置记录每张照片。从这些照片中，他真切地感受到了农民工的贫穷，他更愿意捕捉那种促使人们登上火车的希望)”可知，四十年里，王富春乘坐过1, 000多次列车, 走过了100, 000的路程, 拍摄了200, 000 火车上人们的照片，可推知，他是一个热衷的，专注一件事的一个人。再结合最后两段内容可知，从火车的变化以及火车上人们生活的变化作者感受到了中国的变化可推知，他又是一个善于观察的人。故选B。 Passage 2 （山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题）The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years. Could this shark be a part of a newly discovered ancient shark species? This fossil’s original discovery was in 1975 on a farm just west of Morden, Manitoba. The skeleton was brought into the museum and was forgotten within the ever-growing fossil collection. The skeleton was hidden in the collections room for over 40 years and the center just recently found the fossil in its storage around eight years ago. Adolfo Cuertara, the director of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre, explained that “It’s a very special shark for many reasons. It’s highly possible that we are talking about a new species.” Although the shark has not been given a scientific name yet, the museum has unofficially named the skeleton, “Dave”, in honor of the farmer on whose land the skeleton was found. After the fossil rediscovery, Dave was exhibited at the fossil center museum. Dave is around 15 feet long and is one of the largest well-preserved shark skeletons in the entire world. Within the paleontology (古生物学) world, complete shark fossils are extremely rare due to their soft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age. Dave’s shark species are filter feeders with no teeth, who receive their nutrition by absorbing it out of the water. Cuertara emphasizes Dave’s uniqueness by explaining, “The shape of the jaws and the skull and the kind of structures that it has, because the preservation is really amazing, is telling us that it is probably going to be a new species. The problem is now we need scientific papers and scientific research and this paper is underway.” The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre is hopeful that more scientific research will provide more information on Dave’s ancient shark species. For now, Dave is currently on display at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up to date with their current information. 1．Where probably could you find this article? A．Science textbook of college. B．Advertising brochure of museum. C．Discovery column of magazine. D．Bulletin board of animal world. 2．What does the underlined word “disintegrates” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Die away. B．Break down. C．Build up. D．Lie down. 3．What evidence made scientists believe Dave is a new shark species? A．The structure of skull and jaw. B．The preservation of jaw and the skull. C．The uniqueness of no teeth structure. D．The rare soft cartilage. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre displays Dave ancient shark species. B．Dave’s shark species is a new species of ancient shark. C．Canadian Museum rediscovers a new ancient shark species. D．Dave’s shark skeleton is in honor of the farmer who rediscovered it. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加拿大化石发现中心最近重新发现了一具古老的鲨鱼骨架，该骨架在博物馆的收藏中已经存放了近50年。这可能是一种新发现的古老鲨鱼物种，目前尚未正式命名，但博物馆暂时以“戴夫”为其非正式名称。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years.(加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的古代鲨鱼骨架)”和最后一段中“The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre is hopeful that more scientific research will provide more information on Dave’s ancient shark species. For now, Dave is currently on display at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up to date with their current information.(加拿大化石发现中心希望更多的科学研究能提供更多关于戴夫古鲨鱼物种的信息。目前，戴夫目前正在加拿大化石发现中心展出，博物馆的展品与他们目前的信息同步)”可知，本文介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的再发现，并说明了其意义。由此推知，本文可能出自杂志中的发现栏目。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Within the paleontology (古生物学) world, complete shark fossils are extremely rare due to their soft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age.(在古生物学界，完整的鲨鱼化石极其罕见，因为它们的软骨会随着年龄的增长而disintegrates)”中“soft cartilage (软骨结构)”可推知，因为鲨鱼是软骨，所以随着年龄的增长，骨头会“分解”，很难保留下来。划线词disintegrates与动词短语Break down同义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The shape of the jaws and the skull and the kind of structures that it has, because the preservation is really amazing, is telling us that it is probably going to be a new species.(颌骨和头骨的形状以及它的结构，因为保存得非常惊人地完好，告诉我们它可能是一个新物种)”可知，得到保存的颌骨和头骨让科学家相信戴夫是一种新的鲨鱼物种。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years.(加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的古代鲨鱼骨架)”可知，文章主要介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的再发现，它可能是一种新的古老鲨鱼物种，所以“Canadian Museum rediscovers a new ancient shark species.(加拿大博物馆重新发现了一种新的古鲨鱼物种)”是文章的主要内容。故选C项。 Passage 3 （山东省聊城市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题）This story is part of Nature’s 10, an annual list produced by the world’s leading science journal Nature, exploring individuals who contributed to the key developments in science. On the 2023 list published, the journal included a non-human entity — ChatGPT, for the first time. ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behaviour, Zitnik adds. But why include a computer program in a list of people who have shaped science in 2023? ChatGPT is not a person. But actually, it and other generative artificial-intelligence (AI) programs are changing how scientists work. They have also rekindled debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence and how best to regulate the interaction between the two. That’s why this year’s Nature’s 10 has a non-human addition. Interestingly, Nature’s list also includes one of its creators. Ilya Sutskever, the chief scientist and cofounder of OpenAI, the organization that created ChatGPT, is one of the minds at the forefront of generative artificial intelligence. He saw this company as an opportunity to develop general artificial intelligence that could outperform humans and develop its own consciousness. Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s potential is too great for models to be available to anyone who wants to use them, and he was among the first to realize that the systems that scientists like his mentor, Geoffrey Hinton, had begun to develop would begin to show their actual capabilities as computing power increased. In recent months, he devoted his efforts toward creating a method to direct and control artificial intelligence systems that are more intelligent than humans. 1．Which of the following is true about Nature’s 10 according to the passage? A．Nature’s 10 is celebrating the development of science technology. B．Only human beings were elected as Nature’s 10 before. C．Nature’s 10 was started in 2023 for the first time. D．It was awarded by the local government yearly. 2．What is the second paragraph about? A．Experts’ opinions on ChatGPT. B．How ChatGPT functions. C．The application of ChatGPT in science research. D．The promotion of ChatGPT. 3．What does the underlined word rekindled in paragraph 3 mean? A．Settled. B．Restarted. C．Participated. D．Launched. 4．Which of the following can best describe Ilya Sutskever’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Confident and cautious. B．Proud and concerned. C．Objective and doubtful. D．Enthusiastic and warning. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了《自然》杂志将ChatGPT选入“自然10强”并分析了原因。文章同时介绍ChatGPT的创造者之一伊利亚·苏茨克维尔对ChatGPT的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the 2023 list published, the journal included a non-human entity — ChatGPT, for the first time.(在公布的2023年名单中，该杂志首次纳入了一个非人类实体——ChatGPT)”可知，在此之前，只有人类能被选为“自然10强”。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behaviour, Zitnik adds.(马萨诸塞州波士顿的哈佛医学院从事人工智能医学研究的Marinka Zitnik说，ChatGPT和相关软件可以帮助集思广益，增强科学搜索引擎，并识别文献中的研究空白。Zitnik补充说，以类似的方式对科学数据进行训练的模型可以帮助建立指导研究的人工智能系统，也许可以通过设计新分子或模拟细胞行为来实现)”可知，本段主要讨论了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改变科学家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指导研究和增强科学搜索引擎方面的潜在可能。由此可知，第二段介绍了ChatGPT在科学研究领域中的应用。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。前缀re-表示“重新；再”；结合常识和划线词后“debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence and how best to regulate the interaction between the two(关于人工智能的局限性、人类智能的本质以及如何最好地规范两者之间的互动的辩论)”可知，关于人工智能的这些话题的辩论并不是新事物，以前就已经有过很多相关的辩论，由此推知，ChatGPT的出现只是重新引发了相关辩论。故划线词rekindled与restarted“重新开始”意思接近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He saw this company as an opportunity to develop general artificial intelligence that could outperform humans and develop its own consciousness.(他认为这家公司是开发通用人工智能的一个机会，它可以超越人类，发展自己的意识)”和最后一段中“he was among the first to realize that the systems that scientists like his mentor, Geoffrey Hinton, had begun to develop would begin to show their actual capabilities as computing power increased.(他是最早意识到，随着计算能力的提高，像他的导师杰弗里·辛顿这样的科学家开始开发的系统将开始显示其实际能力的人之一)”可推知，Ilya Sutskever认为人工智能会超越人类，发展自己的意识，对其能力充满信心(confident)；根据最后一段中“Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s potential is too great for models to be available to anyone who wants to use them(Sutskever认为，人工智能的潜力太大，任何想要使用它们的人都无法获得模型)”和“In recent months, he devoted his efforts toward creating a method to direct and control artificial intelligence systems that are more intelligent than humans.(最近几个月，他致力于创造一种方法来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能系统)”可推知，Ilya Sutskever对人工智能的运用非常谨慎(cautious)，希望创造一种方法来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能。故选A项。 Passage 4 （山东省枣庄市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history. On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union's space program — revealed that this year's average global temperatures have been 2.6℉ (1.46°C ) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2°F (0.13°C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement. The researchers note that this year's record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event — a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures — that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January2022 eruption of Tonga's underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible. Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs' worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4. The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world's largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the U S coastline by 2050. However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible. 1．What's the purpose of the text? A．To report the recorded hottest year. B．To present findings of a research. C．To analyze the causes of climate change. D．To warn of the coming natural disaster. 2．Which is the main factor in causing the warmest weather in 2023? A．Eruption of an underwater volcano. B．Greenhouse gas emissions. C．Collapse of the Gulf Stream. D．The latest El Nino event. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Scientists' predictions of the future. B．The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S. C．The effects of climate change. D．Different opinions on global warming. 4．How does Michael Mann feel about the present situation? A．Confused. B．Worried. C．Pessimistic. D．Hopeful. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了关于气候变化和全球变暖的最新发现和数据。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history.(在这一年结束之前，气候专家们确信，2023年将是有记录以来最热的一年)”可推理出，本文的写作目的是报告有记录以来最热的一年，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions(尽管有这些因素，但气温攀升的主要原因是失控的温室气体排放导致的全球变暖)”可知，造成2023年天气最热的主要因素是温室气体排放，故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. (全球变暖的影响越来越明显。)”可推理出，本段主要讲的是气候变化的影响，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible(然而，科学家们表示，我们仍有时间防止进一步的灾难。宾夕法尼亚大学的首席气候变化专家迈克尔·曼最近写道，如果我们尽快停止排放温室气体，“我们仍然可以阻止气候变化的最坏影响”)”可推理出，迈克尔·曼认为目前的情况充满希望，故选D项。 Passage 5 （山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. Then he turned to his mother, Xie Xianlian, and saw she quickly wiped tears away, pretending her eyes were blurred by sand. The 18-year-old young man is from a poor, rural family in Chongqing. His father died of lung cancer when he was a child. Yuan was diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症) when he was three years old. His older brother, who was paralyzed (瘫痪), died of the same disease at the age of 22. After long-term medication, Yuan decided to stop taking the medicine due to its high cost and there was no sign his health was getting better. The condition worsened as Yuan grew older. He could only walk slowly on flat ground and relied on others to carry him up and down stairs. When he was 14 years old, he could no longer stand up and had to use a wheelchair. At first, his mother hesitated between continuing Yuan’s education and saving money for treatment. But Yuan was determined. “I must go to school or I will be absolutely useless,” he said. So Xie made a promise to herself: “I will never let my son drop out.” To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. Yuan and his mother’s perseverance moved many people and also won the support of his teachers and classmates. “He never asked for more because of his disability,” one of Yuan’s teachers said, “His strong characteristics unconsciously encouraged me and the students.” Yuan’s stepfather also changed his attitude after seeing Yuan’s persistence and aspiration to study and gain knowledge. “I never complain to him; it is a loss that they didn’t get the chance to read,” Yuan said. Through his own efforts, Yuan scored 670 in the college entrance exam. The Southwestern University said they will arrange a job for Xie, so she can better take care of her son while he is at university. 1．What does the underlined word “blurred” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Covered. B．Blocked. C．Indistinct. D．Invisible. 2．Which of the following best describes Yuan? A．Adaptable and indecisive. B．Persistent and sensitive. C．Delicate and hard-working. D．Diligent and considerate. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Yuan’s condition improved with long-term medication. B．Yuan always has a positive impact on the people around. C．Diagnosed with muscular dystrophy, Yuan was paralyzed. D．Yuan and his brother both had the same disease, but only he recovered. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．An Unlucky Man’s Lucky Life B．A Rural Student’s Journey to Education C．A Young Man Who Received Help Is Grateful D．A Young Man in a Wheelchair Is Admitted to University 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的袁秋勇于克服困难考上西南大学的感人故事。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段的“When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. Then he turned to his mother, Xie Xianlian, and saw she quickly wiped tears away, pretending her eyes were blurred by sand. (当袁秋收到西南大学的录取通知书时，坐在轮椅上坐了五年的他笑得很开心。然后他转向他的母亲谢显莲，看到她迅速擦去眼泪，假装她的眼睛被沙子……了。)”可知，母亲擦眼泪时不想让儿子看见，因此她假装眼睛被沙子“模糊”了，则indistinct(模糊的，不清楚的)可以解释划线词，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“At first, his mother hesitated between continuing Yuan’s education and saving money for treatment. But Yuan was determined. “I must go to school or I will be absolutely useless,” he said. (起初，他的母亲在继续袁的教育和存钱治疗之间犹豫不决。但是袁是坚定的。他说：“我必须去上学，否则我就毫无用处了。”) ”以及下文“ To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. (令她宽慰的是，袁总是愿意尽可能多地帮助她做农活。)”可知，袁秋在身体残疾的情况下坚持上学，看得出他的意志力是坚定的，并且主动帮助妈妈可知他也是一个体贴的人，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“So Xie made a promise to herself: “I will never let my son drop out.” To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. Yuan and his mother’s perseverance moved many people and also won the support of his teachers and classmates. “He never asked for more because of his disability,” one of Yuan’s teachers said, “His strong characteristics unconsciously encouraged me and the students.” Yuan’s stepfather also changed his attitude after seeing Yuan’s persistence and aspiration to study and gain knowledge. “I never complain to him, it is a loss that they didn’t get the chance to read,” Yuan said. (于是，谢向自己承诺：“我永远不会让儿子辍学。”令她宽慰的是，袁总是愿意尽可能多地帮助她做农活。袁和他母亲的坚持感动了很多人，也赢得了老师和同学的支持。袁的一位老师说，“他从来没有因为残疾而要求更多，他坚强的性格在不知不觉中鼓励了我和学生”。袁的继父也在看到袁对学习和知识的执着和渴望后改变了态度。袁说，“我从来没有向他抱怨过，他们没有机会读书是一种损失”。)”可知，袁秋让妈妈看到了希望，让老师和同学备受鼓舞，让继父改变了对他的态度，因此，袁秋对周围的人产生了积极的影响，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段的“When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. (当袁秋收到西南大学的录取通知书时，坐在轮椅上坐了五年的他笑得很开心。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是袁秋虽然身体残疾，但他勇于克服困难，最后成功考上了西南大学的感人故事。故选D。 Passage 6 （山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）To reduce the carbon emissions from passenger jets and long-haul trucks, a vast volume of soy-based renewable fuel will be needed. To produce it, American farmers could ruin existing cornfields to clear space, plant millions of additional acres of soybeans and shut down all soybean exports. Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil. One of the startups, ZeaKal Inc., funded in part by seed giant Corteva Inc., plans to introduce its first batch of high-oil seeds for commercial planting in 2024. Scientists have tricked the plant into sustaining photosynthesis for longer with genetic recombination, ultimately producing more oil as well as more protein. Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy, a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies. Tax credits make companies in the transportation industry switch to fuel with lower carbon emission. S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030, up from around 2.7 billion this year. It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade, compared with just 182 million gallons a year now. Despite the bullish predictions, the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry. And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off, widespread adoption will take time. Farmers may be reluctant to become early adopters of a technology that hasn’t yet proven its benefits, especially if the oil content comes at the expense of existing genetic recombinations that improve disease or pest resistance. Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc. has signed a deal with Zeakal, agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety, which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels. If large oil companies follow suit, the soybean market might never look the same. “We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect,” says Mike Dillon, vice president of ZeaKal, “That’s a very dramatic shift.” 1．How did researchers plan to produce more oil? A．By planting more soybeans. B．By banning soybean exports. C．By fertilizing soybean fields. D．By engineering soybean genes. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning the figure in paragraph 3? A．The continuous use of the fuel. B．The growing demand for biofuel. C．The serious lack of green fuel supplies. D．The fierce competition between companies. 3．Who can change the current biofuel market according to the last paragraph? A．Companies. B．Farmers. C．Scientists. D．Governments 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Biofuel: A New Way to Cut Down Carbon Emissions B．Oilier Soybeans: Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel C．A Big Shift: From Conventional Soybeans to Altered Ones D．Genetic Modification: A Technology to Breed New Soybeans 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量及其前景预测。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”可知，研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030, up from around 2.7 billion this year. It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade, compared with just 182 million gallons a year now.(标普全球预计，到2030年，国内对可再生生物燃料的需求将达到40亿加仑，高于今年的27亿加仑左右。该公司预计，到本十年末，可持续航空燃料的使用总量将达到每年17亿加仑，而目前每年仅为1.82亿加仑)”可推知，作者列举这些数据是为了说明对可再生生物燃料的需求会越来越大。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc. has signed a deal with Zeakal, agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety, which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels. If large oil companies follow suit, the soybean market might never look the same. “We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect,” says Mike Dillon, vice president of ZeaKal, “That’s a very dramatic shift.”(鸡肉生产商珀杜农场公司已与Zeakal签署了一项协议，同意向农民支付更高的价格，购买这种新品种的大豆。这种新品种蛋白质含量较高，对鸡饲料有好处。如果大型石油公司也这样做，大豆市场可能会变得截然不同。ZeaKal副总裁迈克•狄龙表示：“在某些市场上，大豆的油成分可能会比蛋白质成分更重要。这是一个非常戏剧性的转变。”)”可知，如果大型石油公司也像珀杜农场公司一样，向农民大量购买这种新型大豆，会引起大豆市场的变化，而这种大豆可用作新型燃料，故而会引起当前的生物燃料市场的变革。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil.(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”及第三句第一句“Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy, a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies.(企业正在竞相建设更多的大豆加工能力，这是扩大绿色燃料供应的关键组成部分)”及第四段前两句“Despite the bullish predictions, the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry. And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off, widespread adoption will take time.(尽管有乐观的预测，大豆为基础的运输燃料市场仍然是燃料行业的沧海一粟。而且，即使新品种的高油分种子能够开花结果，广泛采用也需要时间)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过改造大豆基因创造了一种新型大豆，该大豆含油量较高，可能能够成为未来可再生生物燃料的来源。由此可知，Oilier Soybeans: Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel(高油大豆：未来燃料的可能来源)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 7 （山东省泰安新泰市某校2023-2024学年高三上学期期末仿真模拟英语试题）A nine-year-old boy has set a new 5km parkrun world record for his age group. Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds. Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.” Louis was accompanied on the parkrun by Dion Garner, a member of his athletics club, as all under-11s in the 5km event must run within arm’s length of an adult. Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.” A spokesman for Poole Runners said, “With his new world record, Louis has raised the bar for young athletes everywhere. This isn’t just a win for Louis, it’s a new benchmark (标准) for youth sports, inspiring children all over the world to aim higher.” Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004. By 2015 more than 80,000 people were gathering in parks around the world each Saturday to participate in a parkrun. Only three years later about a quarter of a million people were taking part in parkruns each week, in 1,500 events across 20 countries. In comparison, 48,000 runners took part in the London Marathon this year. 1．What is the previous 5km parkrun world record? A．17 minutes and 27 seconds. B．17 minutes and 23 seconds. C．17 minutes and 40 seconds. D．17 minutes and 53 seconds. 2．How did Louis feel after breaking the world record? A．Surprised and thankful. B．Modest and satisfied. C．Grateful and delighted. D．Thrilled and shocked. 3．What did Garner think of Louis’s achievement? A．Efforts paid off. B．Strength was at the peak. C．Determination was the key. D．Mind changed the behavior. 4．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Parkrun is ancient but increasingly popular. B．Standards are needed to make parkrun formal. C．Parkrun originates from a weekly initiative. D．Over twenty countries compete to host a parkrun. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一名9岁的男孩在他的年龄组中创造了一项新的5公里公园跑世界纪录。描述了他打破纪录之后的感受以及这项活动的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Louis Robinett, a member of the Poole Runners junior athletics club, shaved 13 seconds off the previous world record, which was set in California in 2017, after he crossed the line in 17 minutes and 40 seconds.(普尔跑者青少年田径俱乐部的成员路易斯·罗比内特以17分40秒的成绩冲过终点线，将2017年在加州创下的世界纪录缩短了13秒)”可知，之前的5公里公园跑世界纪录是17分40秒+13秒=17分53秒。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Louis, who broke the record at the Poole parkrun in Dorset on Saturday, said, “I’m on top of the world right now. It’s a huge deal to break a world record. I couldn’t have done it without the support of my family and the team at Poole Runners.” (周六，路易斯在多塞特郡的普尔公园赛跑中打破了纪录，他说：“我现在站在世界之巅。打破世界纪录是件大事。如果没有我的家人和普尔跑步队的支持，我不可能做到这一点。”)”可推知，路易斯打破世界纪录后感觉感激和自豪。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Garner said of Louis’s achievement, “His natural talent, combined with his dedication and spirit, is mind-blowing. He loves the sports and has really practiced a lot.”(加纳谈到路易斯的成就时说：“他的天赋，加上他的奉献精神和精神，令人兴奋。他热爱这项运动，并且练习了很多。”)”可知，加纳认为路易斯的成就是努力得到了回报。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Parkrun was started by 13 friends as a weekly event in Bushy Park, southwest London, in 2004.(2004年，13个朋友在伦敦西南部的布什公园发起了每周一次的Parkrun活动)”可知，“Parkrun”起源于一个每周的活动。故选C。 Passage 8 （山东省威海市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Costa Rica’s jungles might seem an unlikely spot for a group of medics (医学工作者) to gather together. But struggling through this dense stretch of Central American wilderness, that’s exactly who you might encounter. Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions. Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space. While all medics need to think on their feet, Mark Hannaford, the founder of WEM, explains that for extreme medics, that need is heightened. Medics might treat a patient in the burning heat of a desert, on an ice-cold tundra(苔原), or stabilize a person at altitude or in the dark. Despite this, he says, “you don’t need to run a marathon with a backpack on every day to be an extreme medic. Physical fitness is not the challenge. The challenge is adequately preparing yourself for the environment you are going into.” “You really have to take good self-care in these environments,” adds pre-hospital lead and extreme medicine trainer, Eoin Walker. In places like Costa Rica, he teaches medics skills in security, diet and wound closure etc.. But medics also learn to care for their own physical and mental health. “In the UK, we don’t have to remember to drink every hour, or clean and dry our feet, or look at our calorie content — but you do in that environment,” he says. “People who live where disaster hits still have issues like diabetes, babies are still being born, people need medical treatment,” says Mark. And with more disasters set to strike, their needs will only increase. “Training extreme medics is becoming more important as we face environmental challenges like climate change,” he adds. 1．Costa Rica’s jungles in this text are where ______. A．extreme medical service is offered B．extreme medics create new medicine C．the head office of WEM is located D．extreme medics do business with locals 2．What does the underlined phrase “that need” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Being physically healthy. B．Providing healthcare in crisis. C．Responding wisely and quickly. D．Analyzing working environment. 3．What message does Eoin Walker want to convey? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．Self-care cannot be stressed enough. C．Prevention is better than cure. D．Healthy environment matters a lot. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call on people to be extreme medics. B．To introduce a new rising branch of medicine. C．To recommend a medical training organization. D．To show the growing demand of medics in remote areas. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。WEM是一个新兴的医学分支，文章介绍了WEM的性质、服务区域，对参与其中的医务人员的要求，以及世界对极限医护人员的需求。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions. (这些医务人员在世界极限医学组织（WEM）的指导下聚集在一起，用医疗器械和实验室制造的药物换取木筏和蛇毒。WEM是一个培训护士和医生等医务人员在世界上最不稳定和偏远的条件下工作的组织。)”，以及第三段“Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space. (极端医学是医学的一个分支学科，医疗保健提供者在战区应对危机，帮助那些在人类最可怕的灾难后留下的人，不仅在陆地上，而且在深海甚至外太空进行医疗。)”可知，极限医学组织认为哥斯达黎加的丛林属于世界上最不稳定或最偏远的区域，所以有医务人员在极限医学组织的指导下在这里提供极限医疗服务。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While all medics need to think on their feet, Mark Hannaford, the founder of WEM, explains that for extreme medics, that need is heightened. (WEM的创始人马克·汉纳福德解释说，虽然所有的医护人员都需要快速反应，但对于极端医护人员来说，这种需求更加强烈。)”可知，所有的医护人员都需要think on their feet，意为“快速反应”，that need指代上文的think on their feet，与“Responding wisely and quickly”意思相近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘You really have to take good self-care in these environments,’ adds pre-hospital lead and extreme medicine trainer, Eoin Walker. In places like Costa Rica, he teaches medics skills in security, diet and wound closure etc.. But medics also learn to care for their own physical and mental health. ‘In the UK, we don’t have to remember to drink every hour, or clean and dry our feet, or look at our calorie content — but you do in that environment,’ he says. (‘在这种环境下，你真的必须好好照顾自己，’院前主管和极限医学培训师约恩·沃克补充道，在哥斯达黎加等地，他教授医护人员安全、饮食和伤口愈合等方面的技能。但医生也要学会照顾自己的身心健康。他说：‘在英国，我们不需要记住每小时都要喝水，也不需要把脚擦干，也不需要注意卡路里含量——但在那种环境下，你就得这么做。’)”可知， Eoin Walker强调了：在哥斯达黎加的丛林中，作为治病救人的医务人员要先学会照顾好自己的身心健康，与B项“Self-care cannot be stressed enough. (自我照顾再怎么强调也不为过。)”意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions (这些医务人员在世界极限医学组织（WEM）的指导下聚集在一起，用医疗器械和实验室制造的药物换取木筏和蛇毒。WEM是一个培训护士和医生等医务人员在世界上最不稳定和偏远的条件下工作的组织。)”，以及第三段“Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space.  (极端医学是医学的一个分支学科，医疗保健提供者在战区应对危机，帮助那些在人类最可怕的灾难后留下的人，不仅在陆地上，而且在深海甚至外太空进行医疗。)”可知，WEM是一个新兴的医学分支，文章介绍了WEM的性质、服务区域，对参与其中的医护人员的要求，以及世界对极限医护人员的日益增长的需求。故本文的目的是介绍一个新兴的医学分支。故选B项。 Passage 9 （山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）China announced a long-awaited plan to integrate(融合) the southern Pearl River Delta Area(PRDA) as an attempt to create a powerhouse to rival(相匹敌) the US Silicon Valley that is home to such well-known companies as Google, Facebook and Apple. The possibilities and challenges of the effort are both equally promising and challenging. The plan is a natural result of the economic and technological development in the area. China’s opening up to the world more than four decades ago began in the south and PRDA has long been home to many of the country’s leading technological companies. includin, Huawei and Tencent. “The plan is promising,” said Adam Xu, an analyst at OC & C Strategy Consultants. “If you really look at history in China, a lot of top-down plans always have very strong bottom-up support. And a lot of economic activities have already happened there. Now they have a big plan to officially recognize, promote and further accelerate.” The key challenge will be execution(执行). The plan has to integrate three different legal systems among Mainland China, Hongkong and Macau. That makes PRDA unique compared to the other two major areas in China—the Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin Area and the Yangtze River Delta Area near Shanghai. “We don’t know how effectively the top-down plan will guide the many independent growing forces at the local level,” Xu admitted. “This part will be quite an important challenge.” China has already taken major steps to overcome some of the physical barriers such as linking Hongkong with Guangzhou and Shenzhen by high-speed railways and its recent opening of the 55-kilometer Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge. But other barriers, such as the flow of people, information and money, may prove to be a bigger challenge. Xu said, “The biggest challenge and the biggest beauty—if they eventually succeed—will be linking all of these together.” 1．What are paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The favorable conditions in PRDA． B．The benefits of top-down plans in China. C．PRDA’s advantages over the Silicon Valley. D．The flow of people. information and money. 2．Which challenge is unique in the Pearl River Delta Area? A．The physical barriers. B．The cultural differences. C．The government control. D．The different legal systems. 3．Which of the following cities are connected by the 55-kilometer bridge? A．Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Macau. B．Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau. C．Zhuhai, Macau, Hongkong. D．Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hongkong. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Different Legal Systems in Hongkong and Macau B．The Possibilities and Challenges of Integrating PRDA C．The Problems Facing China’s Newly Announced Plans D．The Fast Development in the Pearl River Delta Area 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了整合珠江三角洲南部地区所面对的优势和挑战。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The plan is a natural result of the economic and technological development in the area. China’s opening up to the world more than four decades ago began in the south and PRDA has long been home to many of the country’s leading technological companies. including Huawei and Tencent.(该计划是该地区经济和技术发展的自然结果。40多年前，中国向世界开放始于南部地区，长期以来，包括华为(Huawei)和腾讯(Tencent)在内的许多中国领先科技公司都在珠三角落户)”以及第三段““The plan is promising,” said Adam Xu, an analyst at OC & C Strategy Consultants.“If you really look at history in China, a lot of top-down plans always have very strong bottom-up support. And a lot of economic activities have already happened there. Now they have a big plan to officially recognize, promote and further accelerate.”(“该计划很有希望，”OC & C战略咨询公司(OC & C Strategy Consultants)分析师亚当·许(Adam Xu)说。“如果你认真回顾中国的历史，你会发现很多自上而下的计划总是有非常强大的自下而上的支持。很多经济活动已经在那里发生了。现在他们有了一个大计划，要正式确认、推广并进一步加速。”)”可知，第二段和第三段主要讲述了整合珠三角的优势。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The key challenge will be execution. The plan has to integrate three different legal systems among Mainland China, Hongkong and Macau. That makes PRDA unique compared to the other two major areas in China—the Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin Area and the Yangtze River Delta Area near Shanghai.(关键的挑战将是执行。该计划必须整合中国大陆、香港和澳门三个不同的法律体系。这使得珠三角与中国其他两个主要地区——京津冀地区和靠近上海的长江三角洲地区——相比是独一无二的)”可知，在珠三角地区，整合不同的法律体系的挑战是独一无二的。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China has already taken major steps to overcome some of the physical barriers such as linking Hongkong with Guangzhou and Shenzhen by high-speed railways and its recent opening of the 55-kilometer Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge.(中国已经采取了一些重大措施来克服一些有形障碍，比如通过高速铁路将香港与广州和深圳连接起来，以及最近开通了55公里长的港珠澳大桥)”可知，珠海、澳门、香港由55公里长的大桥连接。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“China announced a long-awaited plan to integrate the southern Pearl River Delta Area(PRDA) as an attempt to create a powerhouse to rival the US Silicon Valley that is home to such well-known companies as Google, Facebook and Apple.    The possibilities and challenges of the effort are both equally promising and challenging.(中国宣布了一项期待已久的计划，将珠江三角洲南部地区(PRDA)整合起来，试图打造一个与美国硅谷相媲美的强大地区。美国硅谷是谷歌、Facebook和苹果等知名公司的总部所在地。这项工作的可能性和挑战既充满希望，也充满挑战)”以及纵观全文可知，二三段主要讲述了整合珠江三角洲南部地区所拥有的优势，四，五，六段主要讲述了这个计划所面临的挑战，所以本文主要讲述了整合珠江三角洲南部地区所面对的优势和挑战，所以B项“The Possibilities and Challenges of Integrating PRDA(整合PRDA的可能性与挑战)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 Passage 10 （山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Queen Elizabeth is known for her devotion to her country, her close relationships with her family and, most importantly, her corgis. Unfortunately, over the weekend she lost the last of her royal corgis, Willow. According to The Daily Mail, the 15-year-old dog had to be put to death after suffering a cancer-related illness. This marks the first time that the 91-year-old Queen is without a corgi in the royal household since World War Ⅱ. In 2015, Monty Roberts, the Queen’s dog trainer, shared some details with Vanity Fair about her pets. Roberts encouraged Queen Elizabeth to continue breeding (繁殖) corgis, but, in her old age, she didn’t want to leave any young dog behind. She did, however, adopt a full-grown Corgi named Whisper in 2017, after its owner, who was a gatekeeper at the palace, died. It was also said that Queen Elizabeth was worried she’d trip over the dogs playing at her feet. It was a pretty real fear. Former royal staff Paul Burrell claimed that he was once tripped by nine corgis while walking them down the steps at the palace. Willow was a dog with equally blue blood, although she never found social media stardom. It was a 14th-generation child of Susan, the corgi who was gifted to Elizabeth on her 18th birthday by her father, King George Ⅵ. One of Willow’s most memorable moments was posing with James Bond at the 2012 London Olympics. Holly, Queen’s another corgi, also starred in the video, but she passed away more than a year ago, at the age of 13. This is truly the end of an era, as Queen Elizabeth has owned more than 30 corgis throughout her life. At one point, she had 13 at once. “She was sad for each loss of her corgis over the years, but she has been particularly upset about Willow’s death,” a Buckingham Palace source told The Daily Mail. “It is probably because Willow was the last link to her parents and a pastime that goes back to her own childhood.” 1．What happened to Willow over the weekend according to The Daily Mail? A．It was killed in a car accident. B．It was put to death. C．It had an unsuccessful operation. D．It was found to have cancer. 2．Why did Queen Elizabeth stop breeding corgis according to Monty Roberts? A．She was too weak to take care of the dogs. B．She became tired of those crazy little dogs. C．She was afraid that she’d trip over the dogs. D．She was worried about the dogs after her death. 3．What do the underlined words “blue blood” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Noble ancestor. B．Bad mood. C．Cold heart. D．Terrible disease. 4．What does Willow probably mean for Queen Elizabeth? A．The end of an era. B．Her control over the country. C．A tie with her parents. D．The hardship in her childhood. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了最后一只皇家柯基犬Willow离世，并讲述了伊丽莎白女王和皇家柯基犬的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unfortunately, over the weekend she lost the last of her royal corgis, Willow. According to The Daily Mail, the 15-year-old dog had to be put to death after suffering a cancer-related illness.(不幸的是，在周末，她失去了她的最后一只皇家柯基狗Willow。据《每日邮报》报道，这只15岁的狗狗在患有癌症相关疾病后不得不被处死)”可知，据《每日邮报》报道，Willow在周末被处死了。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Roberts encouraged Queen Elizabeth to continue breeding (繁殖) corgis, but, in her old age, she didn’t want to leave any young dog behind.(罗伯茨鼓励伊丽莎白女王继续繁殖饲养柯基犬，但她不想自己年迈时留下任何一只小狗)”可知，根据蒙蒂·罗伯茨的说法，伊丽莎白女王不再饲养柯基犬是因为她不想自己老后留下任何一只小狗，为它们担心。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“It was a 14th-generation child of Susan, the corgi who was gifted to Elizabeth on her 18th birthday by her father, King George Ⅵ.(它是苏珊的第14代孩子，这只柯基狗是伊丽莎白18岁生日时她的父亲乔治国王送给她的Ⅵ)”可知，Willow有着贵族血统，结合选项可知，划线词blue blood与noble ancestor表达的意思一致，即“贵族的血统；高贵的祖先”。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It is probably because Willow was the last link to her parents and a pastime that goes back to her own childhood.(这可能是因为Willow是她与父母的最后联系，也是她自己童年时代的娱乐)”可知，对伊丽莎白女王来说Willow意味着与她父母的联系。故选C项。 议论文 Passage 1 （山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）For too long, we’ve been living on the edge of burnout, with to-do lists growing longer, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think, how are we able to come up with new ideas, let alone carry them out? I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However, the tide is turning in the world of work: there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands, and increased awareness about the benefits — including improved concentration, creativity and job satisfaction-of doing one thing at a time. According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively (认知地), it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated. The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once. 1．What’s people’s common view to busyness? A．It is a way to generate new ideas. B．It shows that people are less productive. C．It reflects people’s poor time-management. D．It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence. 2．How does the author feel after she became self-employed? A．Relaxed. B．Panicked. C．Uneasy. D．Stress-free. 3．What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3? A．It can reduce our productivity. B．It can weaken our cognitive ability. C．It makes us creative and concentrated. D．It is essential in today’s fast-pace world. 4．What does the author suggest in the passage? A．Following high-achieving people. B．Working one task at a time. C．Raising the efficiency of multitasking. D．Challenging our brain capacity. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive.(忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效，这早已不是什么秘密。)”可知，忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效。这意味着在人们的普遍观念中，忙碌是一种值得骄傲的事情，可理解为忙碌象征着效率和优秀。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect.(直到2023年我开始自主创业，我才意识到这种生活方式在我身上已经根深蒂固到了何种程度。原本预期在忙碌时段与清闲时段之间取得平衡后，能获得喘息和反思的机会，从而感到轻松，可没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判。)”可知，作者在2023年开始自主创业后，原本预期在忙碌和清闲之间取得平衡能获得喘息和反思的轻松感，但没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判，作者自主创业后感到不安。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither.(根据《时间箱管理》一书的作者Marc Zao-Sanders的说法，“多任务处理”指的是试图同时处理两件事情，例如在开会时快速发送几封电子邮件。遗憾的是，这样做的结果可能是两件事都没做好，而且两件事都体验不佳。)”以及“This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.(这样做不仅效率低下，还很容易让人感到沮丧。)”可知，多任务处理可能导致两件事都做不好，既没有效率还容易让人沮丧，所以会降低我们的工作效率。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.(多任务处理让我们更快地感到疲惫，也降低了我们的效率。所以，让我们告别一次处理一百件事情的时代吧。)”可知，作者强调了多任务处理的坏处，结合最后一句告别一次处理多项任务的时代，可推断出作者建议一次只做一项任务。故选B。 Passage 2 （山东省青岛市城阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires. Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.” Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way? One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye. Similarly, when you see someone’s success in school, appreciate the hard work they put into it. Ask with gentle curiosity, “How’s it been for you?” Listen with your full attention that in itself can be a rare gift in today’s hustle and bustle world. By maintaining your concern and listening to the ways they want to be accompanied and supported — even when it might not be your first instinct — you can see them as a whole person, with complex feelings, very human needs, and inherent dignity. 1．What does the underlined word “backfires” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Improves the situation. B．Shows sincere concern. C．Removes hurtful feelings. D．Produces an unexpected result. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Analyzing the phenomenon. B．Listing another example. C．Presenting the solution. D．Making a proposal. 3．Why does the author suggest simply asking “How are you doing”? A．To start a light conversation. B．To focus on one’s inner needs. C．To explore the secret of keeping slim. D．To show appreciation for one’s efforts. 4．What might be the title for the text? A．Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game B．Why We Need to Make Praises to Others. C．Follow Me and Be a Qualified Therapist D．How Innocent Words can Be Harmful 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们常常出于好意而赞美他人，但这种赞美有时却会贬低个体的尊严，降低他们的内在价值。文章建议我们改变赞美方式，不要去做“对与错”的游戏，从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人。 1．词句猜测题。划线词上文“A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. (我和一位治疗客户正在治疗一种饮食失调症，发现它起源于一段关系的破裂，或者可能是在中学时被欺负。这种痛苦的经历导致了几周不吃东西)”讲述作者帮助患饮食失调症的患者找到了病因，积极寻求治疗方法，下文“Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.”(“哇，你看起来棒极了！”也许是一句热情的话。顷刻间，这种赞美激发了一种内在的、往往是无意识的想法：“哦，如果我减肥了，人们会更关心我。”很多事情都失去了控制，但我可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。”)”却说朋友不合时宜的赞美让病人认为减肥可以让人们会更关心自己，可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。朋友的话让作者给病人的治疗功亏一篑。由此推知，“Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires.(然后来自朋友的高度赞扬backfires)”中backfires的意思是“produces an unexpected result(产生了一个意想不到的结果)”。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way?(通常，出于善意的人会出于鼓励和加强联系的目的而给予赞美。这种赞美通常直接或间接地与一个人与特定群体或机构的标准的关系联系在一起。可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”可知，段中针对第一段描述的情况，深入分析了善意的赞美所带来的意想不到的后果的原因，指出这种赞美往往与外部标准或群体期望联系在一起，潜在地损害了个人固有的尊严和价值。是对上文所述现象的深入剖析。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求。回到我们上面的例子，当你看到有人体重减轻了，你想表扬他们的时候，就停下来深呼吸。简单地问：“你好吗?”看他们所做，听他们所讲。把他们当作一个有无限价值的人来欣赏。要知道，他们的内心世界可能比你看到的要多得多)”可知，作者建议通过简单地问“你好吗？”来关注别人的内心。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way?(可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”和第四段中“One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求)”可知，文章先提出问题：如何更好地赞美，然后给出答案：不要去做“对与错”的游戏，要从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人，这也是作者想要告诉读者的道理。由此可知，本文最佳标题是“Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game(向“对或错”的游戏说不)”。故选A项。 Passage 3 （山东省青岛市莱西市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 1．What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks? A．Parents praise their kids too much. B．Going to the extremes is common for parents. C．Parents should understand their kids better. D．Confidence is significant for kids’ well being. 2．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean? A．Give support. B．Get undesired effect. C．Put a fire under control. D．Become powerful. 3．As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to? A．Praise your children as often as possible. B．Never expect much of your children. C．All children deserves a verbal reward. D．Children’s effort outweighs the result. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By answering a question. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting. D．By making comparison. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出，过多的表扬可能会让孩子不敢尝试新事物或冒险，而表扬不足则可能让孩子感到自己不够好或不被关心。专家建议，表扬的质量比数量更重要，应该真诚地关注孩子的努力而非结果，并根据孩子的具体情况给予适当的表扬。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids , says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(《培养快乐自信的孩子A到Z指南》一书的作者詹恩·伯尔曼说：“几十年前，父母往往更严格，而现在我们走到了与之相反的极端。”通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”可知，詹恩·伯尔曼认为以前的父母对孩子很严格，但现在我们走到了另一个极端，即父母对孩子过度表扬。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。上文“By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”明确告知过多的表扬会导致相反的结果，所以划线词所在句“Too much praise can backfire”是指过多的表扬会适得其反。划线词backfire与get undesired effect同义，指“产生不良效果”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中唐纳修的话“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,(我们应该特别认可孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力)”和“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.(要记住的一件事是，重要的是过程而不是最终结果)”可知，唐纳修认为表扬应关注孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力，重要的是过程而不是最终结果。由此推知，他赞同“孩子们的努力比结果重要”这一说法。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.(你的儿子可能不是球队里最好的篮球运动员。但如果他每天都在那里努力打球，不管他的球队是赢是输，你都应该赞扬他的努力。赞美孩子的努力，而不是结果，也意味着在孩子努力打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告时，对她的认可。但不管是什么，表扬都应该基于具体情况，并与孩子付出的努力成比例)”可知，段中就我们应该如何表扬孩子进行了举例说明，文中列举并说明了孩子打篮球、打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告后，我们应该如何进行表扬。所以最后一段是通过的举例方式展开的。故选B项。 Passage 4 （山东省滨州市惠民县2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths? Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero’s Journey. So, what is the “hero’s journey”? He thinks of it as a cycle in his book. The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero. The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you? and then you recover and do it again. You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.” What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions for the school play? Baseball tryouts? The paper due? Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again. 1．What is the correct order of the following stages of the “Hero’s journey”? ①Return to the ordinary world but outgrow his old life. ②Receive the call to adventure and assistance from a wiser. ③Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials. ④Face the life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power. A．①②③④ B．②④①③ C．②③④① D．③②④① 2．Why is Hero’s Journey myth so popular? A．Because it’s a way to reflect on our world. B．Because it’s a way to learn about the past. C．Because these stories are always being updated. D．Because these stories are part of human culture. 3．Which of the following may the author disagree with? A．We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger. B．Our comfort zone will hinder our development. C．Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life. D．We should overcome our fears faced with danger. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Hero with a Thousand Faces. B．The Hero’s Journey. C．How to Conquer Your Fear. D．Be Your Own Hero. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍英雄的旅程，倡导大家倾听冒险的召唤，接受挑战，征服恐惧。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. (旅程开始于英雄收到一个神秘的信息，一个邀请，或一个挑战。英雄步出平凡安稳的家门，展开冒险。在一些年长、聪明的人的帮助下，他解开了一个谜语，杀死了一个怪物，从陷阱中逃脱。然后，英雄最黑暗的时刻到来了，他面临死亡，甚至为了能够重生，必须先死过一次。结果，英雄获得了一些宝藏、特别的认可或力量，这些在不同的故事中有所不同。在所有的冒险之后，英雄回到了他的平凡世界，但他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙。)”可知，英雄从智者那里接受冒险和帮助的召唤而踏上冒险之旅，经历一系列艰难的考验，面对生死危机，获得重生；最后，回到平凡的世界，超越过去的自己，提升到新的水平。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. (英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中，并且不断地推陈出新。因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事，反映出所处的世界。)”可知，英雄之旅的神话如此流行是因为它是反思我们的世界的一种方式。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”(你不需要真正地屠龙或对抗伏地魔，但你面临的问题同样可怕。约瑟夫·坎贝尔说过：“在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏”)”以及文章倒数第二段“What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions for the school play? Baseball tryouts? The paper due?(你害怕进入的象征性洞穴是什么？学校戏剧的试镜？棒球选拔赛？ 到期的论文？)”可知，在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏，由此推知，作者认为“洞穴”是好的，只有进入这些你害怕进入的洞穴才能找到寻找中的宝藏。A项：We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger(面对困难时，我们都需要一个“洞穴”来躲藏)与作者表述不符。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again(你一定会再看到它。在你自己的生活中也要对它保持敏感。倾听冒险的召唤。接受挑战。征服你的恐惧，得到你想要的宝藏。然后，再来一遍)”可知，文章倡导去冒险，接受挑战。征服恐惧。D项：Be Your Own Hero(做自己的英雄)合乎题意。故选D。 Passage 5 （山东省青岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors. In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key－enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 1．How did Gladwell support his idea? A．By listing numbers. B．By using examples. C．By interviewing famous people. D．By mentioning other researchers. 2．Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with? A．Practice alone is far from enough. B．10,000 hours of practice leads to success. C．Practice hours vary from person to person. D．Deliberate practice is much more effective. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of practice. B．Factors in creating experts. C．The importance of natural talent. D．Warnings for experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.”（他提到了披头士乐队和微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨。虽然他们似乎都很有天赋，但在成功之前，他们显然也投入了超过1万个小时的练习。）故可推知，格拉德威尔是通过乐队和微软联合创始人为例子来支持他的1万小时理论。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential.  He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole.”（首先，爱立信表示，1万小时是一个平均数字。有些人需要的时间远远少于1万个小时，有些人则更多。更重要的是，爱立信说，只是大量练习是不够的；实践的类型和质量也很重要。他接着解释了“刻意练习”的重要性，刻意练习是指一个人深入练习一项技能的特定部分，而不是把一项技能作为一个整体来练习。）可知，爱立信可能不同意一万个小时的练习通向成功这个观点。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors.”（普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，实践只占到人才水平的26%。很多人说，天赋对成为人才有很大的影响。另一个自然因素是身体优势，这在体育运动中尤其明显。智商、性格、态度和起步年龄也是决定性因素。但成为人才并不等于一蹴而就，成功还取决于社会和环境因素。）可知，这段主要讲的是成为人才的一些因素。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals;  work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key－enjoy what you do and follow your passions.”（总而言之，熟不能生巧，但刻意的练习已被证明能带来显著的进步。根据爱立信的研究，以下是一些有效练习的建议：积极主动；制定具体而现实的目标；在舒适区之外工作；始终如一，坚持不懈；好好休息！对于那些想成为某方面专家的人来说，要记住，动力是关键——享受你所做的事情，追随你的激情。）故可推知，作者对“熟能生巧”这一观点持客观的态度。故选D项。 （山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have no idea," he said. "Where is he from?" I continued. He responded, "I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot." "Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues." My son doesn't mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children. Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other. Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "doing for". Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is "doing for", as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online "friends" would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they'd just order soup online. Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital lie produces false friendships. 1．What did the author start the text with? A．A motto. B．A game C．A question. D．A conversation. 2．What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3? A．Selfish friendship. B．Selfless sacrifices in life C．The meaning of deep friendship. D．The formation of shallow friendship 3．What does the author want to tell his students in paragraph 4? A．Strong bonds are formed easily B．Ordering food online is convenient C．Robots will have our back in trouble. D．Virtual friends won't make real sacrifices. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Digitalized friendship B．The benefits of digital life. C．Face-to-face communication D．The sacrifices of online friends. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现在的友谊变得数字化，失去了原来的面对面友谊的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have no idea," he said. "Where is he from?" I continued. He responded, "I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot."(“我几分钟就到。”我正在和一个叫Scuzbll的朋友玩游戏，”我15岁的儿子从他的房间里喊道。“哦，斯库兹鲍尔的真名是什么？”我问，“我不知道，”他说。“他是哪里人？”我接着说到。他回答说：“我想在加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这都不重要了，因为Scuzball刚刚离开比赛，他已经被一个机器人取代了。”)”以及第二段“"Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues."(“你的朋友被人工智能取代了?”“没关系，爸爸。这种事经常发生！游戏还在继续。”)”可知，作者通过呈现他和儿子的对话来引出文章的话题。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other. (伟大的思想家、教育家亚里士多德曾指出，肤浅的友谊很容易形成，也很容易放弃，因为这种联系是脆弱的。相比之下，深厚的友谊是你为了朋友而关心他，而不是为了你能得到的任何好处。这就是无私的友谊。你只能有几个这样的朋友，因为他们需要大量的时间和精力。你们必须为彼此做出牺牲)”可知，第三段主要解释了深厚友谊的含义。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "doing for". Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is "doing for", as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online "friends" would bother to do the hard work of friendship.(友谊的存在需要“陪伴”和“奉献”。也许深厚友谊最显著的特征是“奉献”，就像我的朋友会在我遇到麻烦时支持我，或者在我生病时给我端汤。只有牢固的关系才能激发真正的牺牲。但目前还不清楚为什么网上的“朋友”会费心去做友谊这一艰苦的工作)”可知，作者主要想告诉他的学生，网上的朋友不会做出真正的牺牲，他们无法在你遇到困难的时候给予你支持和帮助。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段“Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital lie produces false friendships. (数字生活填补并吸收了人们清醒时的生活时间，这样人们就不会加入体现友谊的具体事项，比如运动、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等。通过这种方式，数字谎言产生了虚假的友谊)”结合文章主要论述了现在的友谊变得数字化，失去了原来的面对面友谊的意义。可知文章的主旨是数字化友谊。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $