专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高三英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上期末英语试题）Reading books is one of the best things you can do. Reading allows you to learn new things, use your imagination, and calm down before bed. But if you are a reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps using. Now a new buyback program in the UK could be the perfect solution. Bookloop recently started a buy-back project where readers can trade books they have already read for credits or more pre-owned books. The project is part of Bookshop.org, an online platform for independent booksellers. Bookloop is being run in partnership with the buy-back book platform Zeercle that operates in the UK, France, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Over 10,000 books are processed every day. Customers can upload their books to a valuation system and then drop the books off at a collection site or the books can be picked up from home. The lowest price of books sold is £5. Site credits are given that can be used for purchasing other books. The returned books are sold by Zeercle through the online marketplace. “We are glad to see Bookshop.org set up this system, which is a great way of repurposing books, and helping support bookshops and new book purchases,” said Charlie Richards, an independent bookseller. The business model of Bookshop.org is based on independent booksellers setting up bookstores on its website. These shops receive the full profit from selling the pre-owned books. In fact, only 2% of the books that were sold are not purchased, and most of these unsold books are donated to charities. “Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,” said Amber Harrison of the FOLDE store in Dorset. “It is a really great way of getting books into the hands of more people, without cost being a barrier.” 1．What is the first paragraph intended to stress? A．The benefits of reading books. B．The difficulty in buying books. C．The need for the buy-back program. D．The good solutions to storing books. 2．What is mentioned about the Bookloop system? A．It is inspired by Zeercle. B．It is developing very well. C．It encourages people to read more books. D．It changes the business model of bookstores. 3．What does the underlined word “pre-owned” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Used. B．Rare. C．Valuable. D．Expensive. 4．What may Charlie Richards and Amber Harrison agree with? A．Bookloop makes reading a pleasure. B．The program is good for book recycling. C．Pre-owned books are popular with readers. D．Online platforms change the way people read. Passage 2 （山东省威海市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed, right?  On that basis, a webcam has been set up overlooking the lake. Anyone can tune in at any time.  If you see something suspicious(可疑的), you simply click the “snapshot” buttons to submit a picture for further analysis. It is free, easy, and you can do it for as little or as long as you like, with no login or signup required. What you are doing is micro–volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms. Micro-volunteering could involve anything from retweeting a message to joining a flash mob(快闪). Volunteers do not need to go through an application or training process, or to make any ongoing commitment. The vast majority of micro-volunteering takes place online, but it doesn’t have to. Weeding a garden in a local community center counts just as much. The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility. People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering. For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering. It enables people who might be excluded from traditional ways of volunteering to participate. To some extent, micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference. It could take a while to see its impacts. Studies, however, have shown that 65 percent of those who have micro volunteered were still actively doing so one year later. Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments, it serves as a complement(补充)to the more traditional methods of contributing to good causes. 1．Why is the Loch Ness Monster mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate micro–volunteering. B．To get more volunteers involved. C．To offer a solution to the mystery. D．To post a micro-volunteering task. 2．What does micro-volunteering feature? A．It’s free of commitment. B．It’s flexible, time-wise. C．It’s only available online. D．It needs systematical training. 3．Which can best explain the underlined “be excluded from” in paragraph 3? A．Be used to. B．Be distracted by. C．Be discouraged from. D．Be interested in. 4．What does the writer think of micro-volunteering according to the last paragraph? A．Quick-impact. B．Widely-recognized. C．Irreplaceable. D．Sustainable. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （山东省聊城市多校2024-2025学年高三上学期期末诊断检测英语试题）People whose jobs are highly sedentary (久坐不动的) — an estimated 80% of the modern workforce — experience a much higher risk of insomnia (失眠) symptoms, according to a new study led by University of South Florida psychologist Claire Smith. “The way we are designing work poses serious, long-term threats to healthy sleep,” Smith said. “Healthy sleep involves more than just getting your eight hours. It’s also falling asleep easily, sleeping through the night and having a consistent sleep schedule. Companies should be aware of the specific sleep risks of their workforce to improve detection and intervention.” The research, based on data from the national Midlife in the United States study, identified three sleep health categories among workers over a 10-year period: good sleepers, catch-up sleepers and insomnia-like sleepers. The study found that sedentary work is strongly linked to the insomnia sleeper category, characterized by symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep and frequent daytime tiredness. Meanwhile, employees with nontraditional schedules, such as working night shifts, were more likely to fall into the catch-up sleeper group. Smith said the research suggests that moving your body during the workday and limiting after-hours work may not just help you sleep well that night but protect against ongoing sleep problems a decade later. The study also shows that workers who fall into a pattern of poor sleep due to their job design, such as long hours of sedentary work or erratic schedules, may end up stuck in such unhealthy patterns for years. For example, 90% of insomnia-like sleepers saw their symptoms persist 10 years later. “This is particularly important for both employers and employees, since research shows that poor sleep health is known to impact productivity, well-being and overall health,” said Smith, who led the project in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of experts in psychology, psychiatry, aging and medicine. She added that the findings suggest redesigning jobs with sleep health in mind could be key to improving worker well-being and underscore the need for workplace interventions that consider sleep health as a dynamic, multifaceted issue, rather than a one-size-fits-all problem. 1．What does the study focus on? A．The importance of getting enough sleep. B．Tips for improving sleep quality for workers. C．The link between sedentary work and sleep problems. D．Research on the sleep patterns of middle-aged people. 2．Who are most likely to experience insomnia-like symptoms? A．Those who work at night. B．Those who frequently work overtime. C．Those who work with flexible schedules. D．Those who have a consistent sleep schedule. 3．What does the underlined word “erratic” mean in paragraph 6? A．Fixed. B．Stable. C．Irregular. D．Well-organized. 4．What does Smith suggest employers and employees should do? A．Treat sleep health as a one-size-fits-all issue. B．Ignore sleep problems as they are not serious. C．Consider sleep health when redesigning jobs. D．Focus on productivity rather than sleep quality. Passage 2 （（教研室）山东省泰安市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Ozempic and Wegovy work by imitating a hormone released after eating known as GLP-1, which reduces appetite and regulates blood sugar levels. While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. This prompted Yong Ho Kim at Gachon University in South Korea and his colleagues to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. The researchers treated five mice with GLP-1 and then measured how quickly the animals removed their paw from a heated surface. They found that, on average, mice kept their paw on the heated surface for roughly 1.25 times as long as they did when they weren’t treated with GLP-1. This wasn’t the case for a separate group of animals treated with salt water, suggesting the hormone reduces sensitivity to pain. They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. Kim and his team identified the molecule (分子) on GLP-1 that joins to this receptor and then treated six mice with a synthetic (合成的) version of this molecule called exendin 9-39. On average, the animals took about 1. 25 times as long to remove their paw from a hot beam of light when treated with the molecule than when they weren’t. This effect lasted for up to 2 hours after the mice received treatment. Further study showed that exendin 9-39 was effective at treating other types of pain in mice, including nerve pain and chronic pain. The molecule also didn’t produce any metabolic effects, such as reducing blood sugar levels or controlling appetite. That is because it specially targets TRPV1, says Kim, who presented these findings at an October meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Chicago. 1．What diseases are Ozempic and Wegovy mainly used to treat? A．Chronic and acute pain. B．Obesity and type 2 diabetes. C．Addition to drugs and nerve pain. D．Alzheimer’s disease and mental health conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Required. B．Forced. C．Discouraged. D．Motivated. 3．How did GLP-1 affect the sense of pain in mice? A．By reducing appetite and regulating blood sugar levels. B．By preventing a receptor in nerves called TRPV1. C．By separating the molecules on GLP-1. D．By producing metabolic effects. 4．Which is possibly the most suitable title for this passage? A．The Inspiration from GLP-1. B．Measurements of neural activity. C．Potential Pain Treatments of Weight-loss Drugs. D．A Synthetic Version of Molecule-Exendin 9-39. Passage 3 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. Scholars, critics and others call such books the Great Books. In addition to standing the test of time, these notable works are considered great because of their storytelling, ideas, and far-reaching cultural impact. Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. The wisdom that comes from reading Great Books will better equip you to helm life. However, many of us are hesitant to read old books because they are challenging. They are often written in different time periods, cultures or languages. But every time we take a step outside of our comfort zone, we are growing into better versions of ourselves. Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. Books from different time periods will have different assumptions and values. If you allow yourself to be stretched by reading from Great Books, then you’ll find your worldview clarified. You will become someone who can handle challenging ideas and not be scared by them. Reading Great Books will also grow your sympathy for others, as well as appreciation for the many factors that shape who we are as persons. The most obvious example is in classic literature that gives us a window into another person’s life. 1．What aspect of Great Books is talked about in the first two paragraphs? A．The varieties. B．The influences. C．The sales. D．The styles. 2．What does the underlined word “helm” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sustain. B．Support. C．Manage. D．Start. 3．What may be one of the benefits of reading Great Books? A．Developing critical thinking. B．Adapting to different cultures. C．Escaping from the real life. D．Stepping out of the comfort zone. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards reading Great Books? A．Doubtful. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Enthusiastic. Passage 4 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）The word superiority effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals can identify a letter more accurately when it is presented within the context of a word than when it is shown alone or in a non-word context. This effect highlights how our cognitive (认知的) processing of language is influenced by the lexical (词汇的) representation of words. In early studies of the word superiority effect, participants briefly saw either words, nonwords, or single letters, and then were shown two letters. Their task was to determine which of the two letters had appeared in the initial stimulus (刺激物). In a “word” trial the word “CARE” would appear briefly then the letters A and O would be presented as options. In a “nonword” trial, the participant might see “EACR”, before the letter options, and in the single letter condition, they might see “- A - -”. Participants more quickly identified the letter in “word” trials than in nonword or single-letter trials. One convincing explanation for this effect comes from the neural (神经的) network models of Rumelhart and McClelland. A simplified way to think about the model is that there are distinct “levels” or systems for word recognition and for letter recognition. On one level are “letter detectors” that may be activated based on the likelihood of certain letters being present (e.g., if all you see are curved lines, C, G, and O are more likely than X or Z). At the same time, “word detectors” are activated based on the likelihood of certain words having occurred. A somewhat simplified explanation of the word superiority effect is that in the single letter case, only letter detectors are active, whereas in the “word” condition both letter and word detectors are active, making identification of the letter faster. Prinzmetal performed a series of studies to determine boundary conditions on the word superiority effect. He found that, in contrast to many assumptions about the word superiority effect, it does not require rapid stimulus presentations or masked stimulus presentations — although, for reasons that aren’t yet clear, the effect remains strongest when the initial stimulus presentation is brief. Follow-up research has shown that the word superiority effect is stronger with high-frequency words, as they are more familiar to readers, enhancing recognition. It plays a significant role in reading comprehension and speed, as recognizing words quickly allows readers to process text more fluently. 1．In which group of letter can letter D be recognized more quickly? A．KSID． B．DISK. C．IDSK. D．SIKD． 2．What does paragraph 3 discuss about the word superiority effect? A．Why it occurs. B．Where it works better. C．What the definition of it is. D．How it impacts the neural network. 3．What can we learn from Prinzmetal’s studies about boundary conditions? A．Stimulus location is crucial. B．Stimulus complexity is necessary. C．Brief stimulus presentation is not a must. D．Intense stimulus presentation is required. 4．How can we improve reading fluency? A．Exploiting more reading resources. B．Creating better learning atmosphere. C．Doing reading comprehension training. D．Including high-frequency words in texts. 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）If misery loves company, so does anger. It can feel downright delicious to vent (发泄) to your loved ones about life’s annoyances. For a long time, psychologists held the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Bushman, professor of communication at the Ohio State University who studies the topic, published a study that questioned that logic. He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive. Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings — and blow out of proportion (比例) relatively minor annoyances, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor at Florida State University who studies anger. Neither is healthy. Indeed, a 2020 study of coping strategies during the pandemic found that venting was linked to poorer mental health, while strategies like accepting, joking about, and positively reframing the situation seemed to boost well-being. Bushman’s more recent research suggests that calming practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing are better at removing anger. The goal should be to lower rather than raise excitement, he says. Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever. “You should go for runs because they’ re good for your health, but not because they’ll make you feel calmer,” Bushman says. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the quicksand of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. A 2019 study also found that it’s healthier to look for broader meaning in an annoying situation Think: “you can’t always get what you want”) than to fix on every annoying detail. 1．What is the finding of Brad Bushman’s study? A．Venting does good to health. B．Venting makes things worse. C．It’s beneficial to hit a punching bag. D．It’s better to vent to your loved ones. 2．What does the underlined word “rumination” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Focusing on negative feelings. B．Blowing up minor annoyances. C．Solving the discouraging problems. D．Treating the social slight positively. 3．What can we know about running according to paragraph 3? A．It can fuel anger. B．It is an anger reliever. C．It can lower excitement. D．It is a calming practice. 4．What can angry people do when venting according to the “fly-on-the-wall” technique? A．Observe the situation as a victim. B．Put themselves into onlookers’ shoes. C．Search for a broader meaning in the situation. D．Analyze the situation from an outsider’s angle. Passage 2 （山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题B卷）Crohn’s disease is a constant source of trouble for sufferers. This long-term condition is commonly found in the small intestine (肠) and the symptoms can include stomachaches, joint pain and weight loss. A new study suggests that there may be a way to change the diet to take control of this difficult-to-treat disease. One common cause of the condition, which affects as many as 780,000 Americans, is an overactive immune system that considers harmless gut bacteria as dangers and responds by producing inflammation (炎症). The new study suggests that a diet rich in healthy fats and oils such as coconut oil or cocoa butter may lead to specific changes in gut bacteria that could fight harmful inflammation. Although the research was conducted on mice with a Crohn’s-like disease, the results are the first to show how high-fat diets can change gut bacteria to fight against inflammation, according to lead author Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios, PhD and Assistant Professor of Medicine at CWRU-M. In the study, the mice that were fed even a small amount of coconut oil or cocoa butter were found to have up to 30 percent fewer types of gut bacteria and less severe intestinal inflammation than those fed a typical diet. These findings suggest that there may be a beneficial Crohn’s disease diet that involves taking in “good” fats in normal amounts. Patients can substitute these good fats for other sources in their diets, Dr. Rodriguez-Palacios notes. Humans and mice share many common genetic features, and by examining mice, scientists can gain valuable understanding about how humans function. However, humans may respond to dietary changes differently and in their own ways. For example, not all so-called good fats will work for all patients, Dr. Rodriguez-Palacios points out. He is hopeful that the diet could be beneficial to at least some patients, and it wouldn’t have the side effects and risks that come with medical treatments. “The trick now will be to really discover what makes a fat ‘good’ or ‘bad’ for Crohn’s patients,” he says. 1．What can be inferred about Crohn’s disease? A．It’s a major cause of stomachaches. B．It can damage one’s immune system. C．It’s considered to be a very rare disease. D．Doctors haven’t found a good way to treat it. 2．What commonly leads to Crohn’s disease? A．The diet with too much fat and oil. B．Harmful gut bacteria in the small intestine. C．Wrong response of the body to gut bacteria. D．Poor immune system weakened by diseases. 3．What’s implied in the last paragraph? A．Further research is needed to help treat Crohn’s disease. B．It’s easy to find good fats for sufferers of Crohn’s disease. C．Coconut oil can really help treat Crohn’s disease in humans. D．The study’s findings are useless to sufferers of Crohn’s disease. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．It’s difficult to find a cure for Crohn’s disease B．One simple diet change may help with Crohn’s disease C．Researchers have found the cause of Crohn’s disease D．More Americans are suffering from Crohn’s disease 主题04 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （山东省青岛市某校2024-2025学年高三上学期8月测试英语试题）Generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive (认知的) performance but also intelligence scores in children. But does this musicality translate to better cognition later in life? A recent study in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry investigated this question by asking middle-aged and older people to complete a questionnaire on their lifetime musical experience before completing cognitive thinking tests. The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function — the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control — than those with less or no musicality. A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too. Although most people in the study played an instrument for only a few years, this finding was similar, regardless of which instrument people played, or the level of musical proficiency (熟练) people acquired. What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance. This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities would result in continued brain health benefits while having played the guitar for three years at primary school might not have such a big impact on the cognitive performance later in life. 1．Why do parents stress children’s musical education? A．It can boost brain power. B．It is linked to mental health. C．It helps children go to college. D．It is key to academic performance. 2．How does playing an instrument promote cognitive development? A．By stimulating the nerve cells. B．By developing great musicality. C．By improving one’s concentration. D．By bettering one’s learning ability. 3．What influences cognitive performance according to the study? A．Practicing continuity that people keep. B．Different instruments that people play. C．Musical proficiency that people acquire. D．Live performances that people engage in. 4．What message does the author convey in the text? A．Musicality leads to success. B．Music affects children’s growth. C．Instrument players have healthier brains. D．Playing instruments enhances cognition. Passage 2 （山东省德州市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality. Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don’t seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically. Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers. “When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention,” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 1．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 2．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers’ reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 3．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT: a New Advancement C．Fake or Real — a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who is better? Passage 3 （山东省临沂市郯城第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Imagine a herd of 100 life-sized elephant sculptures, each crafted by native Indian craftsmen, traveling around the world. This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature. By transforming public spaces with these striking sculptures,The Great Elephant Migration aims to inspire a global movement to protect endangered species and promote sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife. Each elephant in the migration is a perfect replica (复制品) crafted by The Coexistence Collective, a community of 200 native Indian craftsmen from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Over the past five years, this collective has beautifully brought to life every elephant they live alongside, capturing each one in sculptural detail. The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India. By using this material, the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration. The migration began its march in the US on July 4, 2024, and is set to cover several locations across North America and conclude in Los Angeles, California, in September 2025. At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. The migration serves as a poignant metaphor for the real-life migrations of animals, which are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.Funds raised through the sale of the elephant sculptures will support conservation projects around the world, particularly those promoting coexistence with wildlife. 1．What’s the aim of The Great Elephant Migration? A．To introduce Indian craftsmanship globally. B．To highlight the threats faced by Asian elephants. C．To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative. D．To advocate art as a universal language of wildlife protection. 2．What does the underlined “a problem” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The decline of the population of elephants. B．The damage caused by invasive plant species. C．The limited space available for animal habitats. D．The lack of awareness about wildlife conservation. 3．How do local communities get involved in the campaign during the tour? A．By donating to fund wildlife protection. B．By creating elephant sculptures in person. C．By learning about real-life animal migrations. D．By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Elephants Marching Across the U. S. B．Lantana Elephants: A Visual Treat C．Making an Impact through Conservation D．A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation Passage 4 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）The world is not short of biographies of Marie Curie, but American science writer Dava Sobel has taken a new approach. In her engaging account of the physicist’s life, she focuses on her legacy (精神) of encouraging other women into science. The book is cleverly structured. Each chapter is assigned a chemical element or material and the name of the person whose work either advanced knowledge of that substance or narrowed Curie’s focus on it. This allows Sobel to trace Curie’s life and its major milestones in time order introducing a new player with each chapter. Even though it’s now more than 120 years since Curie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel prize, she remains the most widely recognized female scientist. Sobel acknowledges this as a reason for writing another biography and as motivation to continue her trademark approach to writing about science by highlighting women whose contributions and discoveries remain overlooked - one used convincingly in her earlier book, The Glass Universe. Sobel’s storytelling is inviting and her research delicately detailed. But in many of the book’s chapters, science dominates and the inner lives of these women remained unclear. The Canadian physicist Harriet Brooks stands out as an example of a life story left hanging. She quit Curie’s lab and later weakened Curie’s influence by publicly suggesting that Curie’s output had decreased without her husband Pierre. What motivated Brooks remains an open question. One of the most touching passages comes right at the end. A list of “radioactivists” simply notes everyone’s birth and death dates, main achievements and cause of death - a distinct reminder that Curie and many other women paid the ultimate price for their radioactive research. 1．How is Sobel’s biography of Curie structured? A．It compares young scientists’ tough life. B．Each chapter tracks Curie’s major milestones. C．Each chapter combines an element with a scientist. D．It centers on encouraging other women into science. 2．What drives Sobel to write Curie’s biography? A．Sobel’s trademark approach. B．Curie’s overlooked discoveries. C．Sobel’s convincing writing style. D．Curie’s remarkable achievements. 3．Why is Harriet Brooks mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To tell a sad story about Curie. B．To highlight the role of Curie’s husband. C．To demonstrate the biography’s writing feature. D．To indicate the vividness of description in the biography. 4．What does the “radioactivists” list serve as in Sobel’s biography of Curie? A．A creative clue. B．An extra review. C．A finishing touch. D．An awful ending. 主题05 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （山东省济南市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末学习质量检测英语试题）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever. But what are the criteria for judging wisdom? This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world? To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters. Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise. We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness. 1．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about? A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise. C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship. 2．What did the participants do in the study? A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions. C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations. 3．In which case is social emotional awareness involved? A．A student interprets questions to a classmate. B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences. C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers. D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom. C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures. Passage 2 （山东省部分学校2024-2025学年高三毕业班上学期学业水平质量检测英语试题）When you reach 10, 000 steps in a day, your fitness app rewards you with virtual (虚拟的) stars and fireworks. Similarly, when you practice a language for several days in a row, you earn a “bonus” and are encouraged to keep it going. Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals. Business consultants promised that gamifying work could help motivate employees by making tasks more exciting. Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun. However, recent studies have shown that gamification does not always work as expected. Ethan Mollick and Nancy Rothbard conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of gamification in the workplace. They worked with a group of salespeople who were tasked with convincing businesses to offer coupons (优惠券) for products sold on their company’s website. The salespeople earned rewards based on how many coupons they sold. To make the work more exciting, Mollick and Rothbard created a basketball-themed game where salespeople earned points for each deal closed, with bigger deals earning more points. The names of top performers were displayed on giant screens, and regular emails updated everyone on who was winning. The top performer received a bottle of wine as a prize. Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly. The game only helped those who bought into it, making them feel more engaged. At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting. When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it. 1．What is the main purpose of gamification? A．To make work more enjoyable. B．To change the nature of work itself. C．To replace traditional reward systems. D．To discourage people from achieving goals. 2．What did Mollick and Rothbard find in their experiment? A．Employees were confused by rewards. B．All employees were not motivated by the game. C．The game increased overall sales performance. D．People who purchased games closed more deals. 3．Gamification works best when ______. A．tasks are challenging. B．rewards are financial. C．it matches people’s goals. D．people are forced to participate. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．The Importance of Playing Games in Business. B．The Challenges of Using Technologies Effectively. C．The Benefits of Reward Systems in the Workplace. D．The Impact of Gamification on Motivating People. Passage 3 （山东省日照市2024-2025高三上学期期末校际联合考试英语试题）In recent years, as an increasing number of people are allowed to work remotely, video calls have exploded. For remote workers, video conferencing programs like Zoom, Skype and Google Hangouts are absorbing more time in the day. They’re used for professional meetings and virtual happy hours, then for catching up with friends and family over dinner or while going for a walk. Jodi Eichler-Levine, a professor at Lehigh University, uses video conferencing to run discussion-heavy courses. As she tells National Geographic, the experience is exhausting, leading to an after-class crash. And Eichler-Levine isn't alone — people reporting “Zoom fatigue” find themselves mentally exhausted after what can be hours of staring at images of friends and colleagues.      “When we’re actually face to face, we don’t stare at each other’s eyes for that long,” Stanford psychologist Jeremy says. “People have their own personal norms about the proper space one should leave between themselves and others, but video calls can push that line depending on how someone chooses to frame their face.” Video calls also remove several nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that humans rely on for communication. Micro-expressions don't come through on video feeds and sitting at a desk leaves little room for body language. At the same time, you’re aware that you’re being watched. “When you’re on a video conference, you know everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform,” Clemson University psychologist Marissa Shuffler tells the BBC． “Being behaviorally nerve-wracking and more stressful.” However, this isn’t the only way that people are experiencing the change to videoconferencing. John Upton, an editor at Climate Central who recently found out he is autistic (自闭症的), tells National Geographic that the move to video conferencing has reduced the small talk around meetings and the number of people talking at a time. The change has made the “ambiguous tension” of the workplace insignificant, he says. 1．What does “Zoom fatigue” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．Mental tiredness caused by video calls. B．Physical exhaustion from using Zoom. C．Poor eyesight from too much screen exposure. D．Serious depression created by little communication. 2．Jeremy thinks the difference between face-to-face communication and video calls is ________. A．the level of formality B．the amount of body language C．the awareness of privacy D．the duration of staring at each other 3．What is a disadvantage of video calls? A．They make it hard to hear clearly. B．They cause misunderstandings easily. C．They limit nonverbal communication. D．They reduce the communication pace. 4．What is John Upton’s attitude to videoconferencing? A．Unconcerned. B．Cautious. C．Critical. D．Favorable. Passage 4 （山东省滨州市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）The wide difference in health outcomes across the world are neither new nor unknown. From differences in life expectancy to uneven access to quality healthcare, the so-called “Health Gap” is a persistent, troubling display of inequality. People living in low-and middle-income countries are far more likely to die prematurely from preventable and treatable causes than those in wealthier nations. Severe differences in health outcomes also persist within countries, cutting along socioeconomic, racial, and geographic lines. Closing these health gaps is both a moral and practical imperative because every human being has a right to a healthy, dignified life; practical because health inequalities impose substantial economic and social costs. Health inequalities could cost the U. S. economy approximately $320 billion annually and rise to $1 trillion by 2040 if not addressed. These figures underscore the need for systemic solutions that look at the root causes. Artificial intelligence has entered the scene as a new tool in the endeavor to remake the health system. Broadly speaking, pattern recognition and personalized care are the two buckets of interest in that context. AI applications can detect diseases-often earlier and more accurately than humans-tailor treatments to individual patients, and support healthcare professionals in managing complex cases. Beyond clinical settings, AI-driven analyses of large datasets-from hospital records to socioeconomic indicators-can highlight at-risk communities, helping policymakers and health organizations allocate resources more effectively. By identifying underserved areas and populations least likely to access preventive services, AI can guide targeted community interventions, mobile clinics, health education programs, and other initiatives to close the health gap. While the potential is immense, AI’s effectiveness in closing the health gap depends on more than just technological advancement. AI must be deliberately tailored, trained, tested, and targeted to bring out the best in and for people and the planet. This means anchoring AI development and deployment (部署) in a whole understanding of humans, and the environment they evolve in. It also involves the design of ethical frameworks, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and 360-degree strategies that systematically bring out the complementarity of AI and NI (National Insurance), including the knowledge, experience, and intuition of humans. 1．Which of the following ones may be a reason for “Health Gap”? A．Unequal opportunity to get healthcare. B．Insufficient attention to health C．Different historical background. D．Inappropriate treatments. 2．What does the underlined word “underscore” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Emphasize. B．Understate. C．Satisfy. D．Delay. 3．What benefit can AI bring to us according to the passage? A．Cure rare diseases accurately. B．Monitor people’s health efficiently C．Do complex surgeries independently. D．Distribute resources equally 4．What can we do to make AI work for us better? A．Keep up with the times. B．Make overall consideration. C．Learn from prior experience. D．Observe existing regulations. 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上期末英语试题）While conducting research in the mountains near Turin on Tephroseris balbisiana, an unattractive yellow-flowered plant, Dr Martino Adamo, a biologist at the University of Torino in Italy, noticed it was easier to track down information about other more beautiful species found in the region than to discover things about the object of his own research. That led him to wonder if the well-proven preferences of zoologists for attractive species also extend to botanists (植物学家). To find out, he gathered a team of fellow researchers to help him analyse the literature on the matter. To keep the project within bounds, the team restricted their attention to Dr Adamo’s original area of investigation: the south-western Alps. By reviewing 280 studies conducted from 1975 to 2020 on 113 plant species in the region, the researchers collected data on the plants’ physical features such as size and color, as well as their ecology and rarity. The analysis of the data showed that certain plants were not only more studied than others, but also shared particular features more often than would be expected by chance. Plants with blue flowers have been well studied even though blue is one of the least common flower colors; plants with red, pink or white flowers beat those with brown or green flowers, and plants with tall stems (茎) also stood out. “Our findings don’ t suggest that researchers focus on prettier plants,” Adamo says, “but rather that more noticeable, easy-to-locate and colorful flowering plants are the ones receiving more attention.” The team had expected to find more endangered species among the most studied, but this was not the case. This result could have a great impact on plant science, the researchers say. “A bias (偏爱) toward attractive plants could mean we may be missing extraordinary, untold stories of how plants grow, evolve and adapt,” says study co-author Kingsley Dixon, a botanist at Australia’ s Curtin University. “Plus, we may be missing species that could be in rapid decrease toward extinction, and we don’t have even basic information on seed banking for conservation.” “These results show that probably our unconscious (无意识的) biases are stronger than expected in the specıes model selection; this is not a disaster, but something to consider when planning future work,” Adamo adds. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The challenges for botanical research. B．The inspiration for the new research. C．The link between zoological and botanical research. D．The effects of researchers’ preferences on the results. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By referring to previous studies. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By doing field research around the globe. D．By conducting a survey among botanists. 3．What is the finding of the study? A．Plants with rare flower colours are worthy of more attention. B．Endangered species take centre stage in botanical research. C．Researchers are more drawn to eye-catching flowering plants. D．The appearance of plants plays little role in botanical research. 4．What does the last but one paragraph focus on? A．Suggestions for future botanical research. B．Practical applications of the research results. C．Solutions for overcoming the bias in botanical research. D．Possible consequences of the bias in botanical research. Passage 2 （山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Grey reef sharks are having to abandon the coral reefs they call home. Scientists, using a combination of satellite remote sensing and a network of sound receivers on the seabed, have discovered sharks are deserting coral reefs at times of environmental stress from high temperatures that can lead to coral bleaching (白化) events. An international research team attached sound trackers to more than 120 sharks and installed receivers around coral reefs to monitor shark movements in the Indian Ocean between 2013 to 2020. This has important consequences for both the sharks and the reefs. The research provides the first evidence of how reef change in response to environmental stress, something that is becoming both more extreme and more frequent, is affecting the movement of sharks. Grey reef sharks are a common, resident predator (猎食者) to the reefs of the Indo-Pacific, risking away from the reef to feed. Many are choosing to move into offshore, deeper and cooler waters, which is concerning. Many reefs around the globe have already seen significant declines in sharks due to exploitation (开采) and this finding has the potential to accelerate the trend. Importantly, sharks moving away impacts the fragile balance in reef ecosystems. As large predators, grey reef sharks play a very important role in coral reef ecosystems. They maintain a delicately balanced food web on the reef and they also cycle nutrients onto coral reefs from deeper waters where they often feed. A loss of sharks, and the nutrients they bring, could affect the recovery of reefs during periods of high environmental stress. As climate change brings increasing uncertainty and more and more frequent extreme stress events, the important ecological role these predators play on coral reefs is likely to change, as they spend more time away from the reefs they are attached to. The implications of this are not yet fully understood but given the complex balance of species and nutrient interactions that occur on coral reefs, there will certainly be substantial changes. 1．What is the main reason behind the changes in the reefs? A．Global warming. B．Ocean pollution. C．Illegal hunting. D．Ecological imbalance. 2．What does the underlined word “trend” refer to in paragraph 2? A．The hunting of sharks. B．The destruction of reefs. C．The exploitation of human. D．The reduction in shark’s number. 3．What’s the result of sharks moving away? A．Reducing the nutrients in the sea. B．Adding to the environmental stress. C．Speeding up the recovery of the reefs. D．Breaking the undersea ecological balance. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．Sharks change their dieting habits. B．Coral reefs are left behind by sharks. C．Sharks are faced with predatory threats. D．Coral reefs’ damage draws public attention. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （山东省德州市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. A Columbia University research, led by Baldassano, a professor of psychology, has shown that we may have more control over our memory organization than previously thought. The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events. To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings. The scans revealed that mPFC activity increased during key social event changes. However, participants’s egmentation of events could be altered by directing their attention to different details. The study also found that participants’ memory of the audios varied based on what they were asked to focus on. When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. This suggests that our memory is selective and influenced by our attention. “We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” Baldassano noted. The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most. While it is not clear how allowing people to freely recall their experiences can change the way they frame their memories, this study opens new avenues for understanding how we remember our daily lives. 1．What aspect did Baldassano stress about memory segmentation? A．Personal priorities. B．Environmental changes. C．Emotional treatments. D．Boundaries between scenes. 2．How did the researchers test their theory? A．Interviewing participants’ daily experiences. B．Recording people’s memories of past events. C．Monitoring brain activities about some audios. D．Comparing individuals’ different environments. 3．What happened when participants were guided to some details? A．They intended to collect more details. B．They became confused in brain activities. C．They ignored other details unconsciously. D．They preferred to concentrate on the audios. 4．What does Baldassano suggest about memory-based treatments? A．Improving long-term memory. B．Emphasizing environmental shifts. C．Making use of the flexibility of memory. D．Collecting plenty of specific memory details. Passage 2 （（教研室）山东省泰安市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）“Neurons (神经元) that fire together, wire together.” Perhaps you have heard this oft-quoted phrase of psychologist Donald Hebb and wondered what it means. To find this out, you need to understand “neuroplasticity“ first. Your brain can change, and that process is called neuroplasticity. Stimuli (刺激) cause a response and changes in your brain. The stimuli can be external, such as taking up a new hobby, or internal, such as a golfer imagining the perfect putt (推杆) just before actually stepping up and putting. Every time your brain responds to stimuli, an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. By contrast, if you stop doing an activity, the synaptic connection can reduce through a lack of use. There is a healthy competition always going on inside your brain to maintain synaptic connections. This is healthy because the connections being used “win” and maintain their strength. Strong connections make a task easier. This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. You have to work harder to perform that task. The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put, you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．How Hebb’s theory works. B．Where stimuli come from. C．How an electrical impulse happens. D．Why neuroplasticity causes synaptic connection. 2．Which of the following reflects neuroplasticity? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．United we stand, divided we fall. 3．What causes beginners to find new tasks hard according to paragraph 4? A．A lack of synaptic connections. B．Limited access to necessary information. C．Poor preparation for potential difficulties. D．The huge amount of energy required for the tasks. 4．What can be concluded from years of neuroscientific research? A．Mental decline is unavoidable. B．People become less adaptive as they age. C．People can have lifelong brain development. D．Strong adaptability helps people stay positive. Passage 3 （山东省聊城市多校2024-2025学年高三上学期期末诊断检测英语试题）The Ocean Cleanup Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to ridding the world’s oceans of plastic waste. Founded in 2013 by a Dutch teenager, Boyan Slat, the project aims to deploy systems that can efficiently collect and remove plastic pollution from the oceans. The problem of ocean plastic pollution is vast and growing. Every year, millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans, harming marine life and disrupting ecosystems. The Ocean Cleanup Project believes that the current methods of cleaning up plastic waste, such as using ships and nets, are not effective enough. Instead, they have developed a new system called the Ocean Cleanup Array. The Ocean Cleanup Array is a floating barrier that uses the ocean’s currents to collect plastic waste. The barrier is made up of a series of interconnected floats and booms that create a V-shaped structure. This structure allows the ocean currents to push plastic waste towards the center of the barrier, where it is then collected and removed. The system is designed to be self-sustaining and can operate continuously for years without the need for human intervention. One of the key challenges facing the Ocean Cleanup Project is funding. The organization relies on donations and grants to support their research and development efforts. In addition to funding, it also faces challenges related to the deployment and maintenance of their systems. The oceans are vast and remote, making it difficult to monitor and maintain the systems once they are deployed. Despite these challenges, the Ocean Cleanup Project has made significant progress in their mission to rid the world’s oceans of plastic waste. They have successfully deployed their systems in several locations around the world and have collected thousands of tons of plastic waste. Their efforts have been recognized by the international community, and they have received numerous awards and accolades for their innovative approach to solving the problem of ocean plastic pollution. They were presented with Champions of the Earth Award, the United Nation’s highest environmental honor. The Ocean Cleanup Project is a shining example of the power of innovation and dedication to solving global environmental problems. By developing new and effective methods for cleaning up plastic waste from the oceans, they are helping to protect marine life and preserve the health of our planet for future generations. 1．What is the main goal of the Ocean Cleanup Project? A．To protect endangered marine species. B．To educate the public about ocean pollution. C．To address the issue of marine plastic pollution. D．To research new systems for marine applications. 2．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3? A．How does the Ocean Cleanup Array work. B．Why is the Ocean Cleanup Array developed. C．What’s the shape of the Ocean Cleanup Array. D．What’s the advantage of the Ocean Cleanup Array. 3．What’s the purpose of mentioning “Champions of the Earth Award”? A．To show it is famous. B．To give an example. C．To prove its progress. D．To list one of awards. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The project runs only depending on donations. B．The project has employed their systems globally. C．The project has little impact on the ocean and people. D．The project stands out in terms of innovation and devotion. Passage 4 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食者), with a diet of bromeliad leaves, bamboo, berries, and fruits, though it also eats meat occasionally. They are found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, living in various habitats from 5,000m to 200m above sea level. The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size. Andean bears require large and preferably undisturbed protected areas, and therefore need landscape-scale conservation efforts. Andean bears are excellent climbers and commonly build tree platforms from surrounding vegetation (植被), on which they rest, eat and guard feeding areas. The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas. 1．What function does paragraph 1 serve in the text? A．To set the tone. B．To lead in the topic. C．To preview the structure. D．To present the writing purpose. 2．What is one of the most distinctive features of the Andean bear? A．Its fur marking. B．Its living habitat. C．Its eating habit. D．Its literary image. 3．Why are Bolivia and Peru likely to have the most Andean bears? A．They build tree platforms. B．They provide plenty of food. C．They can offer suitable habitats. D．They have experienced conservationists. 4．What might be introduced about Andean bears following the last paragraph? A．Their activities. B．Their appearance. C．Their entertainment. D．Their hunting seasons. Passage 5 （山东省临沂市郯城第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity. Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee. Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked. Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems. Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature. 1．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2? A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature. C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks. 2．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned? A．To stress their role in pollination. B．To highlight their beauty and diversity. C．To show their superior importance over bees. D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature. B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems. C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss. D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature. 4．What is main idea of the text? A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts. B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed. C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss. D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets. Passage 6 （辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷）Whenever I order food for delivery, I play a little game to guess how many sets of tableware (餐具) the restaurant will provide with my meal. Sometimes restaurants will throw in two, three or four sets for just one order. But I rarely need any tableware at all, and the waste goes into the trash or collects dust in a kitchen drawer. Researchers working with Chinese technology group Alibaba tried a simple approach to this problem. Instead of just wastefully giving out tableware, the company required food-delivery customers in some cities in China to pick how many sets of tableware they wanted to receive. The default (默认设置) was set at zero. The result, published today in the journal Science, was a 638% increase in the share of no-tableware orders. If applied across China, researchers found, the approach would save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic tableware. The study doesn’t cover carbon emissions, but it’s safe to say that the impact would be significant. It struck me as a useful reminder of the many low-hanging fruits across the economy that can cut waste, and emissions. Nudging its customers cost Alibaba nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time and the impact it brought was enormous. The concept of nudging comes from the field of behavioral economics known as nudge theory. It suggests that a slight action can encourage good human behavior without the need for policies that limit choice or economic punishment. To nudge customers to eat better, for example, a restaurant might organize its menu by listing healthy options first and bury unhealthy ones at the bottom. More recently, some big companies like Google have also begun to use nudges to advance climate goals. Nudging theory isn’t without controversy. Some might think it gives consumers responsibility for addressing environmental challenges. But there is another way to look at it. In the absence of necessary policy—and policy is needed — companies can help encourage a widespread change of consumer behavior. And all of that behavioral change can add up. The International Energy Agency found in2021 that small behavioral changes in energy consumption such as walking instead of driving  and adjusting the thermostat (恒温器) could in total reduce 4% of global emissions. The more companies can do to support such changes, the better. 1．What did Alibaba do with tableware waste? A．It stopped restaurants from handing out tableware. B．It recycled unused tableware from customers. C．It updated the food-delivery device regularly. D．It allowed picking tableware at customers’ demand. 2．What do the underlined words “low-hanging fruits” mean in paragraph 2? A．Easily accessible things. B．Fast increasing orders. C．Extremely tough choices. D．Widely accepted strategies. 3．What can we learn about nudge theory from paragraph 3? A．It brings about economic loss. B．It results from consumption policies. C．It indicates small action changes behaviour. D．It implies bad behaviour impacts economy. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Nudge theory affects behaviors. B．Good behaviors boost economy. C．Nudging helps build a greener world. D．Behavioral economics benefits customers. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上期末英语试题）Reading books is one of the best things you can do. Reading allows you to learn new things, use your imagination, and calm down before bed. But if you are a reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps using. Now a new buyback program in the UK could be the perfect solution. Bookloop recently started a buy-back project where readers can trade books they have already read for credits or more pre-owned books. The project is part of Bookshop.org, an online platform for independent booksellers. Bookloop is being run in partnership with the buy-back book platform Zeercle that operates in the UK, France, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Over 10,000 books are processed every day. Customers can upload their books to a valuation system and then drop the books off at a collection site or the books can be picked up from home. The lowest price of books sold is £5. Site credits are given that can be used for purchasing other books. The returned books are sold by Zeercle through the online marketplace. “We are glad to see Bookshop.org set up this system, which is a great way of repurposing books, and helping support bookshops and new book purchases,” said Charlie Richards, an independent bookseller. The business model of Bookshop.org is based on independent booksellers setting up bookstores on its website. These shops receive the full profit from selling the pre-owned books. In fact, only 2% of the books that were sold are not purchased, and most of these unsold books are donated to charities. “Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,” said Amber Harrison of the FOLDE store in Dorset. “It is a really great way of getting books into the hands of more people, without cost being a barrier.” 1．What is the first paragraph intended to stress? A．The benefits of reading books. B．The difficulty in buying books. C．The need for the buy-back program. D．The good solutions to storing books. 2．What is mentioned about the Bookloop system? A．It is inspired by Zeercle. B．It is developing very well. C．It encourages people to read more books. D．It changes the business model of bookstores. 3．What does the underlined word “pre-owned” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Used. B．Rare. C．Valuable. D．Expensive. 4．What may Charlie Richards and Amber Harrison agree with? A．Bookloop makes reading a pleasure. B．The program is good for book recycling. C．Pre-owned books are popular with readers. D．Online platforms change the way people read. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国的一个书籍回购项目Bookloop，该项目旨在帮助读者处理已读过的书籍，同时支持独立书店和书籍的循环利用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But if you are a reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps using. Now a new buyback program in the UK could be the perfect solution.(但如果你是一个读者，你可能没有足够的空间来存放你读过的所有书。而且买书的成本不断上升。现在英国的一个新的回购项目可能是完美的解决方案。)”可推知，第一段主要强调了回购项目的必要性。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Bookloop recently started a buy-back project where readers can trade books they have already read for credits or more pre-owned books. Over 10,000 books are processed every day.(Bookloop最近启动了一个回购项目，读者可以用已经读过的书换取积分或更多的二手书。每天处理超过10,000本书)”可推知，Bookloop系统发展良好。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段 “Now a new buyback program in the UK could be the perfect solution.(现在，英国一项新的回购计划可能是一个完美的解决方案)”可知，根据第二段“Bookloop recently started a buy-back project where readers can trade books they have already read for credits or more pre-owned books.(Bookloop最近启动了一个回购项目，读者可以用他们已经读过的书来换取学分或更多的pre-owned书)”可知，读者可以用他们已经读过的书来换二手书。pre-owned与used“使用过的”同义。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“We are glad to see Bookshop.org set up this system, which is a great way of repurposing books, and helping support bookshops and new book purchases,(我们很高兴看到Bookshop.org建立这个系统，这是一个很好的书籍再利用方式，并帮助支持书店和新书购买)”和最后一段“Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,(将二手书传递给新读者，同时使书店和作者受益，感觉非常积极)”可推知，两人都认为该计划对书籍回收有益。故选B项。 Passage 2 （山东省威海市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed, right?  On that basis, a webcam has been set up overlooking the lake. Anyone can tune in at any time.  If you see something suspicious(可疑的), you simply click the “snapshot” buttons to submit a picture for further analysis. It is free, easy, and you can do it for as little or as long as you like, with no login or signup required. What you are doing is micro–volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms. Micro-volunteering could involve anything from retweeting a message to joining a flash mob(快闪). Volunteers do not need to go through an application or training process, or to make any ongoing commitment. The vast majority of micro-volunteering takes place online, but it doesn’t have to. Weeding a garden in a local community center counts just as much. The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility. People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering. For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering. It enables people who might be excluded from traditional ways of volunteering to participate. To some extent, micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference. It could take a while to see its impacts. Studies, however, have shown that 65 percent of those who have micro volunteered were still actively doing so one year later. Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments, it serves as a complement(补充)to the more traditional methods of contributing to good causes. 1．Why is the Loch Ness Monster mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate micro–volunteering. B．To get more volunteers involved. C．To offer a solution to the mystery. D．To post a micro-volunteering task. 2．What does micro-volunteering feature? A．It’s free of commitment. B．It’s flexible, time-wise. C．It’s only available online. D．It needs systematical training. 3．Which can best explain the underlined “be excluded from” in paragraph 3? A．Be used to. B．Be distracted by. C．Be discouraged from. D．Be interested in. 4．What does the writer think of micro-volunteering according to the last paragraph? A．Quick-impact. B．Widely-recognized. C．Irreplaceable. D．Sustainable. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了什么是微志愿活动，它的好处和意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed, right？On that basis, a webcam has been set up overlooking the lake.  Anyone can tune in at any time. If you see something suspicious, you simply click the “snapshot” buttons to submit a picture for further analysis.  It is free, easy, and you can do it for as little or as long as you like, with no login or signup required. What you are doing is micro–volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms.(解开尼斯湖水怪之谜会被认为是一件好事，对吧?在此基础上，架设了一个俯瞰湖面的网络摄像头。任何人都可以随时收听。如果你看到可疑的东西，你只需点击“快照”按钮，提交一张图片进行进一步分析。它是免费的，简单的，你可以用很少的时间或你喜欢的时间来做，不需要登录或注册。你所做的是微型志愿服务，为志愿者提供一系列简单的任务，他们可以随时随地按照自己的意愿完成)”可知，第1段提到尼斯湖水怪是为了说明微志愿。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility. People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering. For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering.(微志愿服务的主要好处是它的灵活性。人们经常说他们缺乏时间是做志愿者的最大障碍。对许多人来说，微型志愿服务使他们在开始志愿服务后不必担心做出长期承诺)”可知，微志愿的特点是，它时间上很灵活。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering.(对许多人来说，微型志愿服务使他们在开始志愿服务后不必担心做出长期承诺)”可知，因为微志愿在时间上很灵活，所以它可以让被排除在传统志愿服务方式之外的人能够参与进来，所以be excluded from的意思是“被排除”之意，和C项“Be discouraged from”意思相近。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To some extent, micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference. It could take a while to see its impacts. Studies, however, have shown that 65 percent of those who have micro volunteered were still actively doing so one year later. Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments, it serves as a complement to the more traditional methods of contributing to good causes.(在某种程度上，微志愿服务是一种旨在帮助很多人走到一起来改变世界的方法。可能需要一段时间才能看到其影响。然而，研究表明，65%的微志愿者在一年后仍在积极参与。尽管微型志愿服务不能取代长期的承诺，但它可以作为对更传统的慈善方式的补充)”可推知，作者认为微型志愿服务它可以作为对更传统的慈善方式的补充，所以作者对微志愿者的看法是可持续的。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （山东省聊城市多校2024-2025学年高三上学期期末诊断检测英语试题）People whose jobs are highly sedentary (久坐不动的) — an estimated 80% of the modern workforce — experience a much higher risk of insomnia (失眠) symptoms, according to a new study led by University of South Florida psychologist Claire Smith. “The way we are designing work poses serious, long-term threats to healthy sleep,” Smith said. “Healthy sleep involves more than just getting your eight hours. It’s also falling asleep easily, sleeping through the night and having a consistent sleep schedule. Companies should be aware of the specific sleep risks of their workforce to improve detection and intervention.” The research, based on data from the national Midlife in the United States study, identified three sleep health categories among workers over a 10-year period: good sleepers, catch-up sleepers and insomnia-like sleepers. The study found that sedentary work is strongly linked to the insomnia sleeper category, characterized by symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep and frequent daytime tiredness. Meanwhile, employees with nontraditional schedules, such as working night shifts, were more likely to fall into the catch-up sleeper group. Smith said the research suggests that moving your body during the workday and limiting after-hours work may not just help you sleep well that night but protect against ongoing sleep problems a decade later. The study also shows that workers who fall into a pattern of poor sleep due to their job design, such as long hours of sedentary work or erratic schedules, may end up stuck in such unhealthy patterns for years. For example, 90% of insomnia-like sleepers saw their symptoms persist 10 years later. “This is particularly important for both employers and employees, since research shows that poor sleep health is known to impact productivity, well-being and overall health,” said Smith, who led the project in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of experts in psychology, psychiatry, aging and medicine. She added that the findings suggest redesigning jobs with sleep health in mind could be key to improving worker well-being and underscore the need for workplace interventions that consider sleep health as a dynamic, multifaceted issue, rather than a one-size-fits-all problem. 1．What does the study focus on? A．The importance of getting enough sleep. B．Tips for improving sleep quality for workers. C．The link between sedentary work and sleep problems. D．Research on the sleep patterns of middle-aged people. 2．Who are most likely to experience insomnia-like symptoms? A．Those who work at night. B．Those who frequently work overtime. C．Those who work with flexible schedules. D．Those who have a consistent sleep schedule. 3．What does the underlined word “erratic” mean in paragraph 6? A．Fixed. B．Stable. C．Irregular. D．Well-organized. 4．What does Smith suggest employers and employees should do? A．Treat sleep health as a one-size-fits-all issue. B．Ignore sleep problems as they are not serious. C．Consider sleep health when redesigning jobs. D．Focus on productivity rather than sleep quality. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了久坐不动的工作与睡眠问题之间的联系，并呼吁重视职场中的睡眠健康问题。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“People whose jobs are highly sedentary — an estimated 80% of the modern workforce — experience a much higher risk of insomnia symptoms, according to a new study led by University of South Florida psychologist Claire Smith. (根据南佛罗里达大学心理学家克莱尔・史密斯牵头的一项新研究，那些工作时久坐不动的人 —— 据估计占现代劳动力的 80%—— 出现失眠症状的风险要高得多。)”可知，这项研究重点关注的是久坐不动的工作与失眠症状之间的联系。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Meanwhile, employees with nontraditional schedules, such as working night shifts, were more likely to fall into the catch-up sleeper group. (与此同时，工作时间不规律（如值夜班）的员工更有可能属于补觉者这一群体。)”和第五段“Smith said the research suggests that moving your body during the workday and limiting after-hours work may not just help you sleep well that night but protect against ongoing sleep problems a decade later. (史密斯表示，这项研究表明，在工作日活动一下身体，以及限制下班后的工作，可能不仅有助于你当晚睡个好觉，还能在十年后预防持续存在的睡眠问题。)”可知，经常加班的人最有可能出现类似失眠的症状。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。由文章第六段中“The study also shows that workers who fall into a pattern of poor sleep due to their job design, such as long hours of sedentary work or erratic schedules, may end up stuck in such unhealthy patterns for years. (研究还显示，那些由于工作设计（比如长时间久坐不动或erratic工作时间安排）而陷入睡眠不佳模式的员工，可能会在数年时间里一直困在这种不健康的模式中。)”可知，此处指由于工作设计而陷入不良睡眠模式的工人，除了长时间久坐工作外，还有“不规律的日程安排”也会导致不健康的睡眠模式，故erratic的意思是“不规律的”与Irregular“不规律的”意思相符。故选C。 4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“She added that the findings suggest redesigning jobs with sleep health in mind could be key to improving worker well-being and underscore the need for workplace interventions that consider sleep health as a dynamic, multifaceted issue, rather than a one-size-fits-all problem. (她补充说，这些研究结果表明，在重新设计工作时考虑到睡眠健康，可能是提升员工幸福感的关键，并且强调了工作场所干预措施的必要性，即要将睡眠健康视为一个动态的、多方面的问题，而不是采用一刀切的方式来处理。)”可知，史密斯建议雇主和雇员在重新设计工作时要考虑睡眠健康。故选C。 Passage 2 （（教研室）山东省泰安市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Ozempic and Wegovy work by imitating a hormone released after eating known as GLP-1, which reduces appetite and regulates blood sugar levels. While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. This prompted Yong Ho Kim at Gachon University in South Korea and his colleagues to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. The researchers treated five mice with GLP-1 and then measured how quickly the animals removed their paw from a heated surface. They found that, on average, mice kept their paw on the heated surface for roughly 1.25 times as long as they did when they weren’t treated with GLP-1. This wasn’t the case for a separate group of animals treated with salt water, suggesting the hormone reduces sensitivity to pain. They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. Kim and his team identified the molecule (分子) on GLP-1 that joins to this receptor and then treated six mice with a synthetic (合成的) version of this molecule called exendin 9-39. On average, the animals took about 1. 25 times as long to remove their paw from a hot beam of light when treated with the molecule than when they weren’t. This effect lasted for up to 2 hours after the mice received treatment. Further study showed that exendin 9-39 was effective at treating other types of pain in mice, including nerve pain and chronic pain. The molecule also didn’t produce any metabolic effects, such as reducing blood sugar levels or controlling appetite. That is because it specially targets TRPV1, says Kim, who presented these findings at an October meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Chicago. 1．What diseases are Ozempic and Wegovy mainly used to treat? A．Chronic and acute pain. B．Obesity and type 2 diabetes. C．Addition to drugs and nerve pain. D．Alzheimer’s disease and mental health conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Required. B．Forced. C．Discouraged. D．Motivated. 3．How did GLP-1 affect the sense of pain in mice? A．By reducing appetite and regulating blood sugar levels. B．By preventing a receptor in nerves called TRPV1. C．By separating the molecules on GLP-1. D．By producing metabolic effects. 4．Which is possibly the most suitable title for this passage? A．The Inspiration from GLP-1. B．Measurements of neural activity. C．Potential Pain Treatments of Weight-loss Drugs. D．A Synthetic Version of Molecule-Exendin 9-39. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Ozempic和Wegovy等药物通过模仿GLP-1激素，不仅在治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病方面有效，还显示出减轻疼痛的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. (虽然这些药物仅被批准用于治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病，但研究表明它们有着令人惊讶的广泛效果：它们显示出了帮助治疗从阿尔茨海默病到心理健康问题乃至成瘾等多种其他疾病的潜力。)”可知，Ozempic和Wegovy被批准用于治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病，所以，Ozempic和Wegovy主要被用来治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. (先前的研究表明，动物在进食后会经历较少的疼痛。)”可知，动物进食后会有较少的疼痛，结合划线单词所在句中的“to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. (去研究GLP-1是否可能是引起这种效果的因素。)”可知，此处指的是由于以前研究的发现激发了韩国加图立大学的Yong Ho Kim及其同事研究GLP-1是否可能是引起这种效果的因素，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“激发”意义相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. (他们进一步测量了神经活动，发现GLP-1阻断了神经中称为TRPV1的受体，这一受体对于减少疼痛至关重要。)”可知，GLP-1通过阻止名为TRPV1的神经受体来减少疼痛敏感度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. (像Ozempic和Wegovy这样的药物可能能够减少慢性疼痛和急性疼痛。这使得这些类型的药物成为有潜力的、更安全的止痛治疗替代品，例如阿片类药物，尽管这种效果在人类身上还有待证实。)”可知，第一段提到像Ozempic和Wegovy这样的药物可能减轻慢性及急性疼痛，结合下文中介绍的这些用于减肥的药物对减少疼痛的研究过程及其发现，尤其是GLP-1如何通过阻止TRPV1受体来减少疼痛可知，本文主要介绍的是探讨减肥药物（如Ozempic和Wegovy）在止痛方面的潜力，所以题目“减肥药治疗疼痛的潜在方法”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. Scholars, critics and others call such books the Great Books. In addition to standing the test of time, these notable works are considered great because of their storytelling, ideas, and far-reaching cultural impact. Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. The wisdom that comes from reading Great Books will better equip you to helm life. However, many of us are hesitant to read old books because they are challenging. They are often written in different time periods, cultures or languages. But every time we take a step outside of our comfort zone, we are growing into better versions of ourselves. Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. Books from different time periods will have different assumptions and values. If you allow yourself to be stretched by reading from Great Books, then you’ll find your worldview clarified. You will become someone who can handle challenging ideas and not be scared by them. Reading Great Books will also grow your sympathy for others, as well as appreciation for the many factors that shape who we are as persons. The most obvious example is in classic literature that gives us a window into another person’s life. 1．What aspect of Great Books is talked about in the first two paragraphs? A．The varieties. B．The influences. C．The sales. D．The styles. 2．What does the underlined word “helm” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sustain. B．Support. C．Manage. D．Start. 3．What may be one of the benefits of reading Great Books? A．Developing critical thinking. B．Adapting to different cultures. C．Escaping from the real life. D．Stepping out of the comfort zone. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards reading Great Books? A．Doubtful. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Enthusiastic. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是名著，以及阅读名著的种种好处。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. (为什么今天人们还读《傲慢与偏见》？为什么《百年孤独》《战争与和平》和《双城记》仍然卖得很好？因为某些书在出版后的几十年甚至几个世纪里影响着一代又一代)”和第二段中“Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. (阅读名著就像在森林中走一条老路。它们向你展示了成功引导了一代又一代的智慧)”可知，前两段主要讨论了名著对一代又一代人的影响。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. (阅读名著就像在森林中走一条老路。它们向你展示了成功引导了一代又一代的智慧)”可知，阅读名著让人了解先辈们的智慧，这些智慧应该可以让人更好地掌控生活，画线词意思是“管理，掌控”，与Manage意思接近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. (名著会使你的思维变得敏锐。它们需要更多的思考，因为它们的思想复杂——比如柏拉图、阿奎纳或尼采的思想。更多的时候，它们很难，因为它们完全不同。它们把我们从现代数字世界的回音室中拉了出来，进入了与我们的经历不同的世界)”可知，阅读名著会磨练人的思维，让人去思考复杂的思想，进入完全不同的世界。因此，阅读名著的一个好处是发展批判性思维。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者从多个方面阐述了阅读名著的好处，认为它们能磨练智慧、拓展世界观、增加对他人的同情心等。因此，作者对阅读名著是热情的。故选D项。 Passage 4 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）The word superiority effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals can identify a letter more accurately when it is presented within the context of a word than when it is shown alone or in a non-word context. This effect highlights how our cognitive (认知的) processing of language is influenced by the lexical (词汇的) representation of words. In early studies of the word superiority effect, participants briefly saw either words, nonwords, or single letters, and then were shown two letters. Their task was to determine which of the two letters had appeared in the initial stimulus (刺激物). In a “word” trial the word “CARE” would appear briefly then the letters A and O would be presented as options. In a “nonword” trial, the participant might see “EACR”, before the letter options, and in the single letter condition, they might see “- A - -”. Participants more quickly identified the letter in “word” trials than in nonword or single-letter trials. One convincing explanation for this effect comes from the neural (神经的) network models of Rumelhart and McClelland. A simplified way to think about the model is that there are distinct “levels” or systems for word recognition and for letter recognition. On one level are “letter detectors” that may be activated based on the likelihood of certain letters being present (e.g., if all you see are curved lines, C, G, and O are more likely than X or Z). At the same time, “word detectors” are activated based on the likelihood of certain words having occurred. A somewhat simplified explanation of the word superiority effect is that in the single letter case, only letter detectors are active, whereas in the “word” condition both letter and word detectors are active, making identification of the letter faster. Prinzmetal performed a series of studies to determine boundary conditions on the word superiority effect. He found that, in contrast to many assumptions about the word superiority effect, it does not require rapid stimulus presentations or masked stimulus presentations — although, for reasons that aren’t yet clear, the effect remains strongest when the initial stimulus presentation is brief. Follow-up research has shown that the word superiority effect is stronger with high-frequency words, as they are more familiar to readers, enhancing recognition. It plays a significant role in reading comprehension and speed, as recognizing words quickly allows readers to process text more fluently. 1．In which group of letter can letter D be recognized more quickly? A．KSID． B．DISK. C．IDSK. D．SIKD． 2．What does paragraph 3 discuss about the word superiority effect? A．Why it occurs. B．Where it works better. C．What the definition of it is. D．How it impacts the neural network. 3．What can we learn from Prinzmetal’s studies about boundary conditions? A．Stimulus location is crucial. B．Stimulus complexity is necessary. C．Brief stimulus presentation is not a must. D．Intense stimulus presentation is required. 4．How can we improve reading fluency? A．Exploiting more reading resources. B．Creating better learning atmosphere. C．Doing reading comprehension training. D．Including high-frequency words in texts. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“词优效应”，该效应指单词中的字母比无意义字母串中的字母或孤立的字母更容易被识别，其机制源于神经网络模型中的字母与单词检测器共同被激活，且高频词的优势效应更强，对阅读流畅性有重要影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The word superiority effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals can identify a letter more accurately when it is presented within the context of a word than when it is shown alone or in a non-word context. (词优效应指的是，出现在一个单词上下文中的字母，比单独出现或出现在非单词上下文中的字母，能更准确地被个体识别)”可知，在单词中出现的字母更容易被识别。选项中DISK“磁盘”是一个有意义的单词，因此其中的字母D会更快被识别。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“One convincing explanation for this effect comes from the neural (神经的) network models of Rumelhart and McClelland. A simplified way to think about the model is that there are distinct “levels” or systems for word recognition and for letter recognition. On one level are “letter detectors” that may be activated based on the likelihood of certain letters being present (e.g., if all you see are curved lines, C, G, and O are more likely than X or Z). At the same time, “word detectors” are activated based on the likelihood of certain words having occurred. A somewhat simplified explanation of the word superiority effect is that in the single letter case, only letter detectors are active, whereas in the “word” condition both letter and word detectors are active, making identification of the letter faster. (Rumelhart和McClelland的神经网络模型对这种效应给出了一个令人信服的解释。考虑该模型的一种简化方法是，单词识别和字母识别有不同的“级别”或系统。在一个层面上，“字母检测器”可能会根据某些字母出现的可能性被激活（例如，如果你看到的都是曲线，那么C、G和O比X或Z更有可能出现）。同时，“单词检测器”会根据某些单词出现的可能性被激活。对词优效应的一个稍微简化的解释是，在单个字母的情况下，只有字母检测器是活跃的，而在“单词”条件下，字母和单词检测器都是活跃的，这使得识别字母的速度更快)”可知，本段讨论了Rumelhart和McClelland的神经网络模型，解释了词优效应发生的原因。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He found that, in contrast to many assumptions about the word superiority effect, it does not require rapid stimulus presentations or masked stimulus presentations — although, for reasons that aren’t yet clear, the effect remains strongest when the initial stimulus presentation is brief. (他发现，与许多关于词优效应的假设相反，它不需要快速的刺激表现或隐藏的刺激表现——尽管，由于尚不清楚的原因，当最初的刺激表现很简短时，效应仍然最强)”可知，Prinzmetal的研究表明，短暂的刺激表现并非是必须的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Follow-up research has shown that the word superiority effect is stronger with high-frequency words, as they are more familiar to readers, enhancing recognition. It plays a significant role in reading comprehension and speed, as recognizing words quickly allows readers to process text more fluently. (后续研究表明，高频词的优势效应更强，因为读者对高频词更熟悉，从而增强了识别能力。它在阅读理解和速度方面起着重要作用，因为快速识别单词可以让读者更流利地处理文本)”可知，高频词的优势效应更强，能促进阅读理解和速度。由此可知，在文本中包含高频词可以提高阅读流畅性。故选D项。 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）If misery loves company, so does anger. It can feel downright delicious to vent (发泄) to your loved ones about life’s annoyances. For a long time, psychologists held the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Bushman, professor of communication at the Ohio State University who studies the topic, published a study that questioned that logic. He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive. Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings — and blow out of proportion (比例) relatively minor annoyances, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor at Florida State University who studies anger. Neither is healthy. Indeed, a 2020 study of coping strategies during the pandemic found that venting was linked to poorer mental health, while strategies like accepting, joking about, and positively reframing the situation seemed to boost well-being. Bushman’s more recent research suggests that calming practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing are better at removing anger. The goal should be to lower rather than raise excitement, he says. Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever. “You should go for runs because they’ re good for your health, but not because they’ll make you feel calmer,” Bushman says. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the quicksand of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. A 2019 study also found that it’s healthier to look for broader meaning in an annoying situation Think: “you can’t always get what you want”) than to fix on every annoying detail. 1．What is the finding of Brad Bushman’s study? A．Venting does good to health. B．Venting makes things worse. C．It’s beneficial to hit a punching bag. D．It’s better to vent to your loved ones. 2．What does the underlined word “rumination” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Focusing on negative feelings. B．Blowing up minor annoyances. C．Solving the discouraging problems. D．Treating the social slight positively. 3．What can we know about running according to paragraph 3? A．It can fuel anger. B．It is an anger reliever. C．It can lower excitement. D．It is a calming practice. 4．What can angry people do when venting according to the “fly-on-the-wall” technique? A．Observe the situation as a victim. B．Put themselves into onlookers’ shoes. C．Search for a broader meaning in the situation. D．Analyze the situation from an outsider’s angle. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于发泄愤怒的研究发现以及更健康的应对愤怒的策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive.(他证明，当人们表达愤怒，比如打沙袋时，他们只会变得更加愤怒和具有攻击性)”可知，Brad Bushman的研究发现是发泄会让事情变得更糟。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings (分析令人沮丧的谈话或社交轻视会导致rumination——专注于消极思想和情感的心理学术语)”中破折号后的内容是对rumination的解释，即rumination是心理学上用来描述专注于消极思想和感受的术语。故rumination的意思是“专注于消极感受”，与A项“Focusing on negative feelings.”同义。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever.(即使是跑步，很多人认为它是一种治疗，但它会增加太多的兴奋感，不能有效地缓解愤怒)”可知，跑步不能有效地缓解愤怒，反而会增加兴奋感，可能会加剧愤怒。由此可推知，跑步可能会助长愤怒。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry.(布什曼的研究支持了“窥探者”技巧，该技巧要求愤怒的人把自己想象成第三方，观察让他们愤怒的情况)”可知，按照“窥探者”技巧，愤怒的人在发泄时应该从局外人的角度分析情况。故选D项。 Passage 2 （山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题B卷）Crohn’s disease is a constant source of trouble for sufferers. This long-term condition is commonly found in the small intestine (肠) and the symptoms can include stomachaches, joint pain and weight loss. A new study suggests that there may be a way to change the diet to take control of this difficult-to-treat disease. One common cause of the condition, which affects as many as 780,000 Americans, is an overactive immune system that considers harmless gut bacteria as dangers and responds by producing inflammation (炎症). The new study suggests that a diet rich in healthy fats and oils such as coconut oil or cocoa butter may lead to specific changes in gut bacteria that could fight harmful inflammation. Although the research was conducted on mice with a Crohn’s-like disease, the results are the first to show how high-fat diets can change gut bacteria to fight against inflammation, according to lead author Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios, PhD and Assistant Professor of Medicine at CWRU-M. In the study, the mice that were fed even a small amount of coconut oil or cocoa butter were found to have up to 30 percent fewer types of gut bacteria and less severe intestinal inflammation than those fed a typical diet. These findings suggest that there may be a beneficial Crohn’s disease diet that involves taking in “good” fats in normal amounts. Patients can substitute these good fats for other sources in their diets, Dr. Rodriguez-Palacios notes. Humans and mice share many common genetic features, and by examining mice, scientists can gain valuable understanding about how humans function. However, humans may respond to dietary changes differently and in their own ways. For example, not all so-called good fats will work for all patients, Dr. Rodriguez-Palacios points out. He is hopeful that the diet could be beneficial to at least some patients, and it wouldn’t have the side effects and risks that come with medical treatments. “The trick now will be to really discover what makes a fat ‘good’ or ‘bad’ for Crohn’s patients,” he says. 1．What can be inferred about Crohn’s disease? A．It’s a major cause of stomachaches. B．It can damage one’s immune system. C．It’s considered to be a very rare disease. D．Doctors haven’t found a good way to treat it. 2．What commonly leads to Crohn’s disease? A．The diet with too much fat and oil. B．Harmful gut bacteria in the small intestine. C．Wrong response of the body to gut bacteria. D．Poor immune system weakened by diseases. 3．What’s implied in the last paragraph? A．Further research is needed to help treat Crohn’s disease. B．It’s easy to find good fats for sufferers of Crohn’s disease. C．Coconut oil can really help treat Crohn’s disease in humans. D．The study’s findings are useless to sufferers of Crohn’s disease. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．It’s difficult to find a cure for Crohn’s disease B．One simple diet change may help with Crohn’s disease C．Researchers have found the cause of Crohn’s disease D．More Americans are suffering from Crohn’s disease 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一个简单的饮食改变可能有助于治疗克罗恩病。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Crohn’s disease is a constant source of trouble for sufferers. This long-term condition is commonly found in the small intestine (肠) and the symptoms can include stomachaches, joint pain and weight loss. A new study suggests that there may be a way to change the diet to take control of this difficult-to-treat disease.”（克罗恩病一直给患者带来麻烦。这种长期疾病常见于小肠，症状包括胃痛、关节痛和体重减轻。一项新的研究表明，也许有一种方法可以通过改变饮食来控制这种难以治疗的疾病。）可知，医生还没有找到治疗疾病的好方法。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“One common cause of the condition, which affects as many as 780,000 Americans, is an overactive immune system that considers harmless gut bacteria as dangers and responds by producing inflammation (炎症).”（这种影响多达78万美国人的疾病的一个常见原因是过度活跃的免疫系统，它认为无害的肠道细菌是危险的，并以产生炎症作为回应。）可知，身体对肠道细菌的错误反应导致了疾病。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The trick now will be to really discover what makes a fat ‘good’ or ‘bad’ for Crohn’s patients”（现在的诀窍是真正发现是什么让脂肪对克罗恩病患者‘好’或‘坏’）可知，需要进一步的研究来帮助治疗克罗恩病。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study suggests that there may be a way to change the diet to take control of this difficult-to-treat disease.”（一项新的研究表明，也许有一种方法可以通过改变饮食来控制这种难以治疗的疾病。）可知，短文介绍了一个简单的饮食改变可能有助于治疗克罗恩病。故选B项。 主题04 人与社会——文学，艺术与体育 Passage 1 （山东省青岛市某校2024-2025学年高三上学期8月测试英语试题）Generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive (认知的) performance but also intelligence scores in children. But does this musicality translate to better cognition later in life? A recent study in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry investigated this question by asking middle-aged and older people to complete a questionnaire on their lifetime musical experience before completing cognitive thinking tests. The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function — the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control — than those with less or no musicality. A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too. Although most people in the study played an instrument for only a few years, this finding was similar, regardless of which instrument people played, or the level of musical proficiency (熟练) people acquired. What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance. This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities would result in continued brain health benefits while having played the guitar for three years at primary school might not have such a big impact on the cognitive performance later in life. 1．Why do parents stress children’s musical education? A．It can boost brain power. B．It is linked to mental health. C．It helps children go to college. D．It is key to academic performance. 2．How does playing an instrument promote cognitive development? A．By stimulating the nerve cells. B．By developing great musicality. C．By improving one’s concentration. D．By bettering one’s learning ability. 3．What influences cognitive performance according to the study? A．Practicing continuity that people keep. B．Different instruments that people play. C．Musical proficiency that people acquire. D．Live performances that people engage in. 4．What message does the author convey in the text? A．Musicality leads to success. B．Music affects children’s growth. C．Instrument players have healthier brains. D．Playing instruments enhances cognition. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通常一项研究阐述演奏乐器对中老年人的认知能力有积极影响，而且持续演奏乐器的人展现出了更高的认知表现。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive performance but also intelligence scores in children.(父母有充分的理由重视孩子的音乐教育，因为学习乐器不仅与孩子的认知表现有关，而且与孩子的智力得分有关)”可知，父母强调孩子的音乐教育是因为它促进孩子大脑认知和智力发展。A项表示“它可以提高脑力”，符合题意。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。结合第二段中的“The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function—the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control—than those with less or no musicality.(研究结果表明，与那些音乐性较差或没有音乐性的人相比，音乐人有更好的记忆力和执行功能，即专注于任务、制定计划以及自我控制的能力)”和第三段“A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too.(良好的记忆力对于演奏乐器很重要，比如根据记忆演奏音乐，这似乎转化为人们的认知表现。同样，演奏乐器时也需要执行功能，这也会提高认知能力)”可知，演奏乐器需要好的执行功能，它包括保持对任务的专注、制定计划和自控能力，即演奏乐器是通过提高注意力来提高认知表现。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据末段“What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance.This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities would result in continued brain health benefits while having played the guitar for three years at primary school might not have such a big impact on the cognitive performance later in life.(然而，关键在于人们是否仍在演奏乐器，还是仅仅过去演奏过而已。那些仍在演奏乐器的人展现出更高的认知表现。这是有道理的，因为持续参与刺激认知的活动会带来持续的大脑健康益处，而一个人在小学阶段弹了三年吉他，可能对日后的认知能力不会有太大的影响) ”可推断，持续练习演奏乐器会影响认知表现。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A new study has shown that playing an instrument or singing in a choir may promote your brain.(一项新的研究表明，在合唱团演奏乐器或唱歌可以促进你的大脑发育)”以及全文可知，演奏乐器或参与合唱可能促进大脑发展，尤其在记忆力和执行功能方面，对中老年人的认知能力有积极影响。持续演奏乐器的人展现出更高的认知表现，强调了持续性在认知健康中的作用。因此，作者想传达的信息是演奏乐器能提升认知能力。故选D项。 Passage 2 （山东省德州市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality. Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don’t seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically. Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers. “When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention,” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 1．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 2．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers’ reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 3．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT: a New Advancement C．Fake or Real — a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who is better? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题，为此科学家进行了一项研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.(一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题。)”和第二段“In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality.(在最近的一项实验中，研究人员让OpenAI的ChatGPT以著名诗人的风格生成诗歌，然后向1634名展示了十首诗——五首是人类写的，五首是聊天机器人生成的——并评估了人们对这些诗的14种品质的评分，节奏和原创性。)”可推知，研究人员进行这项实验的目的是确认一个发现——人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.”(为什么读者似乎更喜欢AI生成的诗歌并不完全清楚，但是研究人员的最佳猜测是，AI诗可能更具吸引力，因为它们相对简单明了，简单地理解。匹兹堡大学的研究员布莱恩·波特（Brian Porter）说：“艾米丽·迪金森有时会故意打破预期的韵律。但是AI生成的她的风格的诗歌从未那样做过一次（打破预期的韵律）。)”可推知，艾米丽·迪金森（Emily Dickinson）的例子暗示了AI满足现代读者的阅读偏好——人们喜欢简单明了的内容。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets— even robot poets.”(“诗歌将永远是必要的，”拉斯基说，“如果他们阅读人工智能的诗，并且比人类创作的诗更喜欢那首诗，那么在我看来，这是美丽的。我不在乎是谁写的，只要他们有一段很好的诗歌体验。我觉得所有的诗人都有空间——即使是机器人诗人。”)”可知，Dorothea Lasky认为无论是机器人还是人写诗，只要写出好的诗歌便是好的，由此可推知，他认为诗歌写作应该是百花齐放，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.(一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题，为此科学家进行了一项研究，由此可知，文章主要探讨了人工智能作的诗和诗人写出的诗，哪个更受欢迎，D项“Chatgpt或Dickinson，谁更好？”能概括文章内容，故选D。 Passage 3 （山东省临沂市郯城第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Imagine a herd of 100 life-sized elephant sculptures, each crafted by native Indian craftsmen, traveling around the world. This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature. By transforming public spaces with these striking sculptures,The Great Elephant Migration aims to inspire a global movement to protect endangered species and promote sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife. Each elephant in the migration is a perfect replica (复制品) crafted by The Coexistence Collective, a community of 200 native Indian craftsmen from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Over the past five years, this collective has beautifully brought to life every elephant they live alongside, capturing each one in sculptural detail. The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India. By using this material, the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration. The migration began its march in the US on July 4, 2024, and is set to cover several locations across North America and conclude in Los Angeles, California, in September 2025. At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. The migration serves as a poignant metaphor for the real-life migrations of animals, which are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.Funds raised through the sale of the elephant sculptures will support conservation projects around the world, particularly those promoting coexistence with wildlife. 1．What’s the aim of The Great Elephant Migration? A．To introduce Indian craftsmanship globally. B．To highlight the threats faced by Asian elephants. C．To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative. D．To advocate art as a universal language of wildlife protection. 2．What does the underlined “a problem” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The decline of the population of elephants. B．The damage caused by invasive plant species. C．The limited space available for animal habitats. D．The lack of awareness about wildlife conservation. 3．How do local communities get involved in the campaign during the tour? A．By donating to fund wildlife protection. B．By creating elephant sculptures in person. C．By learning about real-life animal migrations. D．By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Elephants Marching Across the U. S. B．Lantana Elephants: A Visual Treat C．Making an Impact through Conservation D．A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了“大象大迁徙”艺术活动。该活动通过一群由印度工匠制作的100只大象雕塑环游世界，结合艺术、保护和文化遗产，提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共处重要性的认识。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“This is The Great Elephant Migration — a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature. (这是“大象大迁徙”——一项将艺术、保护和文化遗产独特结合起来的活动，旨在提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生重要性的认识。)”可知，“大象大迁徙”活动的目的是推广全球野生动物保护倡议。因此，选项C“To promote a global wildlife conservation initiative.(推广全球野生动物保护倡议)”符合题意。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The sculptures are made from Lantana camara, an invasive plant species causing significant ecological damage in India.(这些雕塑是由紫茎泽兰制成的，紫茎泽兰是一种在印度造成重大生态破坏的入侵植物。)”可知，此处指出紫茎泽兰是一种在印度造成重大生态破坏的入侵植物。同时根据划线词所在的句子“By using this material,the project not only transforms a problem into art but also helps in the large-scale removal of Lantana from protected areas, freeing up more space for wildlife and contributing to forest restoration.( 通过使用这种材料，该项目不仅将问题转化为艺术，而且有助于从保护区大规模移除紫茎泽兰，为野生动物腾出更多空间，并有助于森林恢复。)”可知，此处的a problem指的是“由入侵植物物种造成的破坏”。因此，选项B“The damage caused by invasive plant species.(由入侵植物物种造成的破坏)”符合题意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At each stop, the herd transforms public spaces, inviting local communities and visitors to engage with the sculptures and the stories they represent. (在每个停留点，这群大象都会改变公共空间，邀请当地社区和游客与雕塑和它们所代表的故事互动。)”可知，当地社区在活动期间通过与雕塑背后保护故事进行互动来参与其中。因此，选项D“By exploring conservation stories behind sculptures(通过探索雕塑背后的保护故事)”符合题意。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“This is The Great Elephant Migration—a campaign that uses a unique combination of art, conservation and cultural heritage to raise awareness about wildlife protection and the importance of living in harmony with nature.(这是“大象大迁徙”——一项将艺术、保护和文化遗产独特结合起来的活动，旨在提高人们对野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生重要性的认识。)”以及最后一段中的“The Great Elephant Migration is more than a visual sight; it’s a call to action.(“大象大迁徙”不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴；它是一个行动号召。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“大象大迁徙”活动，该活动通过艺术雕塑呼吁人们关注野生动物保护和与自然和谐共生。因此，选项D“A Moving Celebration of Coexistence and Conservation(共存与保护的动人庆典)”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （山东省潍坊市普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期1月学科素养能力测评英语试题）The world is not short of biographies of Marie Curie, but American science writer Dava Sobel has taken a new approach. In her engaging account of the physicist’s life, she focuses on her legacy (精神) of encouraging other women into science. The book is cleverly structured. Each chapter is assigned a chemical element or material and the name of the person whose work either advanced knowledge of that substance or narrowed Curie’s focus on it. This allows Sobel to trace Curie’s life and its major milestones in time order introducing a new player with each chapter. Even though it’s now more than 120 years since Curie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel prize, she remains the most widely recognized female scientist. Sobel acknowledges this as a reason for writing another biography and as motivation to continue her trademark approach to writing about science by highlighting women whose contributions and discoveries remain overlooked - one used convincingly in her earlier book, The Glass Universe. Sobel’s storytelling is inviting and her research delicately detailed. But in many of the book’s chapters, science dominates and the inner lives of these women remained unclear. The Canadian physicist Harriet Brooks stands out as an example of a life story left hanging. She quit Curie’s lab and later weakened Curie’s influence by publicly suggesting that Curie’s output had decreased without her husband Pierre. What motivated Brooks remains an open question. One of the most touching passages comes right at the end. A list of “radioactivists” simply notes everyone’s birth and death dates, main achievements and cause of death - a distinct reminder that Curie and many other women paid the ultimate price for their radioactive research. 1．How is Sobel’s biography of Curie structured? A．It compares young scientists’ tough life. B．Each chapter tracks Curie’s major milestones. C．Each chapter combines an element with a scientist. D．It centers on encouraging other women into science. 2．What drives Sobel to write Curie’s biography? A．Sobel’s trademark approach. B．Curie’s overlooked discoveries. C．Sobel’s convincing writing style. D．Curie’s remarkable achievements. 3．Why is Harriet Brooks mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To tell a sad story about Curie. B．To highlight the role of Curie’s husband. C．To demonstrate the biography’s writing feature. D．To indicate the vividness of description in the biography. 4．What does the “radioactivists” list serve as in Sobel’s biography of Curie? A．A creative clue. B．An extra review. C．A finishing touch. D．An awful ending. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名美国科普作家撰写的居里夫人传记，主要包括其新视角、组织结构、创作动机、写作特点和亮点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Each chapter is assigned a chemical element or material and the name of the person whose work either advanced knowledge of that substance or narrowed Curie’s focus on it. This allows Sobel to trace Curie’s life and its major milestones in time order introducing a new player with each chapter. (每一章都分配了一种化学元素或物质，以及研究该物质的人的名字，这些人的工作要么促进了对该物质的了解，要么缩小了居里夫人对该物质的研究范围。这使得索贝尔能够按照时间顺序追溯居里夫人的生活及其主要里程碑，并在每一章中介绍一个新的参与者。)”可知，这本传记中每一章将一种元素与一位科学家结合。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though it’s now more than 120 years since Curie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel prize, she remains the most widely recognized female scientist. Sobel acknowledges this as a reason for writing another biography (尽管距居里夫人成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性已经过去了120多年，但她仍然是最被广泛认可的女科学家。索贝尔承认，这是她写另一本传记的原因)”可知，居里夫人的卓越成就促使索贝尔撰写这本传记。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But in many of the book’s chapters, science dominates and the inner lives of these women remained unclear. The Canadian physicist Harriet Brooks stands out as an example of a life story left hanging. She quit Curie’s lab and later weakened Curie’s influence by publicly suggesting that Curie’s output had decreased without her husband Pierre. What motivated Brooks remains an open question. (但在这本书的许多章节中，科学占据主导地位，这些女性的内心生活仍不清楚。加拿大物理学家哈里特·布鲁克斯就是一个悬而未决的人生故事的例子。她退出了居里的实验室，后来又公开暗示居里的研究成果在没有丈夫皮埃尔的情况下有所下降，从而削弱了居里的影响力。布鲁克斯的动机是什么仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。)”可知，此处先提到这本传记的写作上存在重科学，轻女性科学家内心生活的特点，再提到哈里特·布鲁克斯的故事，表明其行事背后的动机仍然未知。由此可知，这里提到她的故事是为了说明传记的写作特点。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One of the most touching passages comes right at the end. A list of “radioactivists” simply notes everyone’s birth and death dates, main achievements and cause of death - a distinct reminder that Curie and many other women paid the ultimate price for their radioactive research. (最感人的一段出现在结尾。一份“放射活动家”名单只是简单地记录了每个人的出生和死亡日期、主要成就以及死因——这清楚地提醒人们，居里夫人和其他许多女性为她们的放射性研究付出了生命的代价。)”可知，这一名单让读者知晓居里夫人和其他许多女性为放射性研究付出了巨大代价，为传记增添了情感深度。由此可知，名单起到了画龙点睛的作用。故选C项。 主题05 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （山东省济南市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末学习质量检测英语试题）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever. But what are the criteria for judging wisdom? This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world? To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters. Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise. We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness. 1．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about? A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise. C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship. 2．What did the participants do in the study? A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions. C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations. 3．In which case is social emotional awareness involved? A．A student interprets questions to a classmate. B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences. C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers. D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom. C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项聚焦于智慧评判标准的研究，指出人们评判智慧主要基于反思取向和社会情感意识两个维度，且不同文化在评判智慧上有相似性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. (假设你在国外得到了一个千载难逢的工作机会，但这意味着你要离开你的伴侣，因为他不能跟随你。你开始思考如何在你的职业目标和你对这段关系的承诺之间做出最明智的决定)”可知，这里假设了在职业目标和对感情的承诺之间做出选择的情境。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. (然后，他们给每个人的智慧打分)”可知，这项研究的参与者评估个人的智慧。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. (另一方面，社会情感意识包括关心他人、积极倾听和适应复杂社会情境的能力)”可推知，“一位老师花时间了解学生的实际需求”体现了关心他人、积极倾听的能力，符合社会情感意识的范畴。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. (我们还发现，在世界各地的人们如何看待他人的智慧方面，有一个惊人的共性，这两个关键维度在所有文化中都得到了相似的权重。这种共性很可能根植于人类的基本需求：出人头地，和睦相处)”可知，本段聚焦于各种文化在评估智慧方面的相似性。故选B项。 Passage 2 （山东省部分学校2024-2025学年高三毕业班上学期学业水平质量检测英语试题）When you reach 10, 000 steps in a day, your fitness app rewards you with virtual (虚拟的) stars and fireworks. Similarly, when you practice a language for several days in a row, you earn a “bonus” and are encouraged to keep it going. Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals. Business consultants promised that gamifying work could help motivate employees by making tasks more exciting. Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun. However, recent studies have shown that gamification does not always work as expected. Ethan Mollick and Nancy Rothbard conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of gamification in the workplace. They worked with a group of salespeople who were tasked with convincing businesses to offer coupons (优惠券) for products sold on their company’s website. The salespeople earned rewards based on how many coupons they sold. To make the work more exciting, Mollick and Rothbard created a basketball-themed game where salespeople earned points for each deal closed, with bigger deals earning more points. The names of top performers were displayed on giant screens, and regular emails updated everyone on who was winning. The top performer received a bottle of wine as a prize. Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly. The game only helped those who bought into it, making them feel more engaged. At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting. When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it. 1．What is the main purpose of gamification? A．To make work more enjoyable. B．To change the nature of work itself. C．To replace traditional reward systems. D．To discourage people from achieving goals. 2．What did Mollick and Rothbard find in their experiment? A．Employees were confused by rewards. B．All employees were not motivated by the game. C．The game increased overall sales performance. D．People who purchased games closed more deals. 3．Gamification works best when ______. A．tasks are challenging. B．rewards are financial. C．it matches people’s goals. D．people are forced to participate. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．The Importance of Playing Games in Business. B．The Challenges of Using Technologies Effectively. C．The Benefits of Reward Systems in the Workplace. D．The Impact of Gamification on Motivating People. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了工作游戏化的概念、目的及其效果，通过一项研究实验说明了游戏化在工作环境中的不同效果及其适用条件。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many companies and apps use these types of features to make tasks more engaging and motivate people to achieve their goals(许多公司和应用程序使用这些类型的功能使任务更吸引人，并激励人们实现他们的目标)”以及“Instead of changing the nature of the work itself, gamification changes its presentation, using rewards and competition to make goal achievement feel more fun(游戏化不是改变工作的本质，而是改变其展示方式，利用奖励和竞争使目标的实现更有乐趣)”可推知，游戏化的主要目的是让工作变得更愉快。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Despite these efforts, the game did not improve sales or make employees feel more motivated. In fact, salespeople who disliked the game reported feeling worse about their work, and their performance even declined slightly.(尽管做出了这些努力，但这款游戏并没有提高销售额，也没有让员工感到更有动力。事实上，不喜欢这款游戏的销售人员对自己的工作感觉更差，他们的表现甚至略有下降)”可知，并非所有员工都被这个游戏激励了。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At its best, gamification seems to work when it helps people achieve the goals they want to reach anyway by making the process of goal achievement more exciting.(最好的情况是，当游戏化通过让实现目标的过程变得更令人兴奋来帮助人们实现他们想要达到的目标时，它似乎是有效的)”可推知，当游戏化与人们的目标相匹配时，它是最有效的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段“When people fully accept a game, the results can be impressive. However, when designed to encourage people to do something they don’t particularly care to do, it can backfire. What matters most is how the people playing the game feel about it.(当人们完全接受一款游戏时，结果可能会令人印象深刻。然而，当它被设计成鼓励人们去做他们并不特别喜欢做的事情时，它可能会适得其反。最重要的是玩家对游戏的感受)”可知，本文主要讨论了游戏化对激励人们的影响，描述了不同的效果，因此“游戏化对激励人们的影响”是文章的最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （山东省日照市2024-2025高三上学期期末校际联合考试英语试题）In recent years, as an increasing number of people are allowed to work remotely, video calls have exploded. For remote workers, video conferencing programs like Zoom, Skype and Google Hangouts are absorbing more time in the day. They’re used for professional meetings and virtual happy hours, then for catching up with friends and family over dinner or while going for a walk. Jodi Eichler-Levine, a professor at Lehigh University, uses video conferencing to run discussion-heavy courses. As she tells National Geographic, the experience is exhausting, leading to an after-class crash. And Eichler-Levine isn't alone — people reporting “Zoom fatigue” find themselves mentally exhausted after what can be hours of staring at images of friends and colleagues.      “When we’re actually face to face, we don’t stare at each other’s eyes for that long,” Stanford psychologist Jeremy says. “People have their own personal norms about the proper space one should leave between themselves and others, but video calls can push that line depending on how someone chooses to frame their face.” Video calls also remove several nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that humans rely on for communication. Micro-expressions don't come through on video feeds and sitting at a desk leaves little room for body language. At the same time, you’re aware that you’re being watched. “When you’re on a video conference, you know everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform,” Clemson University psychologist Marissa Shuffler tells the BBC． “Being behaviorally nerve-wracking and more stressful.” However, this isn’t the only way that people are experiencing the change to videoconferencing. John Upton, an editor at Climate Central who recently found out he is autistic (自闭症的), tells National Geographic that the move to video conferencing has reduced the small talk around meetings and the number of people talking at a time. The change has made the “ambiguous tension” of the workplace insignificant, he says. 1．What does “Zoom fatigue” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．Mental tiredness caused by video calls. B．Physical exhaustion from using Zoom. C．Poor eyesight from too much screen exposure. D．Serious depression created by little communication. 2．Jeremy thinks the difference between face-to-face communication and video calls is ________. A．the level of formality B．the amount of body language C．the awareness of privacy D．the duration of staring at each other 3．What is a disadvantage of video calls? A．They make it hard to hear clearly. B．They cause misunderstandings easily. C．They limit nonverbal communication. D．They reduce the communication pace. 4．What is John Upton’s attitude to videoconferencing? A．Unconcerned. B．Cautious. C．Critical. D．Favorable. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了近年来，随着远程工作的普及，视频会议使用激增，人们感到精神疲惫。视频通话还减少了非语言线索和增加了表演压力。然而，对自闭症编辑约翰・厄普顿来说，视频会议减少了闲聊，使工作场所的紧张变得微不足道。 1．词句猜测题。由文章在第一段最后一句“As she tells National Geographic, the experience is exhausting, leading to an after-class crash.(正如她告诉National Geographic的那样，这段经历令人疲惫，导致了一场课后崩溃。)”以及整个第二段可知“And Eichler-Levine isn’t alone—people reporting ‘Zoom fatigue’ find themselves mentally exhausted after what can be hours of staring at images of friends and colleagues.(Eichler Levine并不孤单——那些报告‘Zoom fatigue’的人在盯着朋友和同事的照片看了几个小时后，发现自己精神疲惫。)”可知，Zoom fatigue的意思是视频会议给人们带来的精神上的疲劳。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。从文章第三段“When we’re actually face to face, we don’t stare at each other’s eyes for that long,(当我们真正面对面时，我们不会盯着对方的眼睛看那么久，)”可知，Jeremy认为面对面交流和视频会议之间的区别是盯着对方看的时间的持久性不一致。故选D项。 3． 细节理解题。从文章第四段“Video calls also remove several nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that humans rely on for communication. Micro-expressions don't come through on video feeds and sitting at a desk leaves little room for body language. (视频通话还消除了人类赖以交流的几个非言语线索。微表情不会出现在视频流中，坐在办公桌前几乎没有肢体语言的空间。)”可知，视频会议限制了人们非语言方面的交流。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。从最后一段“John Upton, an editor at Climate Central who recently found out he is autistic (自闭症的), tells National Geographic that the move to video conferencing has reduced the small talk around meetings and the number of people talking at a time. The change has made the ‘ambiguous tension’ of the workplace insignificant, he says.(气候中心（Climate Central）的编辑约翰·厄普顿（John Upton）最近发现自己患有自闭症，他告诉《美国国家地理》（National Geographic），视频会议的转变减少了会议上的小讨论，也减少了一次谈话的人数。他说，这一变化使工作场所的‘模糊紧张’变得无关紧要。)”可推断出，作者对视频会议是持赞同态度的。故选D项。 Passage 4 （山东省滨州市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）The wide difference in health outcomes across the world are neither new nor unknown. From differences in life expectancy to uneven access to quality healthcare, the so-called “Health Gap” is a persistent, troubling display of inequality. People living in low-and middle-income countries are far more likely to die prematurely from preventable and treatable causes than those in wealthier nations. Severe differences in health outcomes also persist within countries, cutting along socioeconomic, racial, and geographic lines. Closing these health gaps is both a moral and practical imperative because every human being has a right to a healthy, dignified life; practical because health inequalities impose substantial economic and social costs. Health inequalities could cost the U. S. economy approximately $320 billion annually and rise to $1 trillion by 2040 if not addressed. These figures underscore the need for systemic solutions that look at the root causes. Artificial intelligence has entered the scene as a new tool in the endeavor to remake the health system. Broadly speaking, pattern recognition and personalized care are the two buckets of interest in that context. AI applications can detect diseases-often earlier and more accurately than humans-tailor treatments to individual patients, and support healthcare professionals in managing complex cases. Beyond clinical settings, AI-driven analyses of large datasets-from hospital records to socioeconomic indicators-can highlight at-risk communities, helping policymakers and health organizations allocate resources more effectively. By identifying underserved areas and populations least likely to access preventive services, AI can guide targeted community interventions, mobile clinics, health education programs, and other initiatives to close the health gap. While the potential is immense, AI’s effectiveness in closing the health gap depends on more than just technological advancement. AI must be deliberately tailored, trained, tested, and targeted to bring out the best in and for people and the planet. This means anchoring AI development and deployment (部署) in a whole understanding of humans, and the environment they evolve in. It also involves the design of ethical frameworks, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and 360-degree strategies that systematically bring out the complementarity of AI and NI (National Insurance), including the knowledge, experience, and intuition of humans. 1．Which of the following ones may be a reason for “Health Gap”? A．Unequal opportunity to get healthcare. B．Insufficient attention to health C．Different historical background. D．Inappropriate treatments. 2．What does the underlined word “underscore” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Emphasize. B．Understate. C．Satisfy. D．Delay. 3．What benefit can AI bring to us according to the passage? A．Cure rare diseases accurately. B．Monitor people’s health efficiently C．Do complex surgeries independently. D．Distribute resources equally 4．What can we do to make AI work for us better? A．Keep up with the times. B．Make overall consideration. C．Learn from prior experience. D．Observe existing regulations. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地健康结果的巨大差异，即“健康差距”，以及人工智能在缩小这一差距中的潜在作用。 1．推理判断题。第一段提到“From differences in life expectancy to uneven access to quality healthcare, the so-called ‘Health Gap’ is a persistent, troubling display of inequality.(从预期寿命的差异到获得优质医疗服务的不平等，所谓的‘健康差距’是一种持续存在、令人不安的不平等现象。)”可知，获得医疗保健的机会不平等是“健康差距”的原因之一。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Health inequalities could cost the U. S. economy approximately $320 billion annually and rise to $1 trillion by 2040 if not addressed.(健康不平等问题可能会使美国经济每年损失约3200亿美元，如果不加以解决，到2040年这一损失可能会飙升至1万亿美元。)”可知，这些数据强调了需要从根源上寻找系统性解决方案的必要性，由此可知，“underscore”在此处意为“强调”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“AI applications can detect diseases-often earlier and more accurately than humans-tailor treatments to individual patients, and support healthcare professionals in managing complex cases.(人工智能应用可以比人类更早、更准确地检测疾病，为个体患者量身定制治疗方案，并支持医疗专业人员管理复杂病例。)”和第四段“By identifying underserved areas and populations least likely to access preventive services, AI can guide targeted community interventions, mobile clinics, health education programs, and other initiatives to close the health gap.(通过识别服务不足的地区和最不可能获得预防服务的人群，人工智能可以指导有针对性的社区干预、流动诊所、健康教育项目和其他倡议，以缩小健康差距。)”可知，人工智能可以帮助有效监测人们的健康。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This means anchoring AI development and deployment in a whole understanding of humans, and the environment they evolve in. It also involves the design of ethical frameworks, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and 360-degree strategies that systematically bring out the complementarity of AI and NI (National Insurance), including the knowledge, experience, and intuition of humans.(这意味着要将人工智能的开发和部署建立在对人类及其所处环境的全面理解之上。这还包括设计伦理框架、跨学科合作和360度战略，系统地发挥人工智能和国民保险（包括人类的知识、经验和直觉）的互补性。)”可知，为了让人工智能更好地为我们服务，我们需要全面考虑。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上期末英语试题）While conducting research in the mountains near Turin on Tephroseris balbisiana, an unattractive yellow-flowered plant, Dr Martino Adamo, a biologist at the University of Torino in Italy, noticed it was easier to track down information about other more beautiful species found in the region than to discover things about the object of his own research. That led him to wonder if the well-proven preferences of zoologists for attractive species also extend to botanists (植物学家). To find out, he gathered a team of fellow researchers to help him analyse the literature on the matter. To keep the project within bounds, the team restricted their attention to Dr Adamo’s original area of investigation: the south-western Alps. By reviewing 280 studies conducted from 1975 to 2020 on 113 plant species in the region, the researchers collected data on the plants’ physical features such as size and color, as well as their ecology and rarity. The analysis of the data showed that certain plants were not only more studied than others, but also shared particular features more often than would be expected by chance. Plants with blue flowers have been well studied even though blue is one of the least common flower colors; plants with red, pink or white flowers beat those with brown or green flowers, and plants with tall stems (茎) also stood out. “Our findings don’ t suggest that researchers focus on prettier plants,” Adamo says, “but rather that more noticeable, easy-to-locate and colorful flowering plants are the ones receiving more attention.” The team had expected to find more endangered species among the most studied, but this was not the case. This result could have a great impact on plant science, the researchers say. “A bias (偏爱) toward attractive plants could mean we may be missing extraordinary, untold stories of how plants grow, evolve and adapt,” says study co-author Kingsley Dixon, a botanist at Australia’ s Curtin University. “Plus, we may be missing species that could be in rapid decrease toward extinction, and we don’t have even basic information on seed banking for conservation.” “These results show that probably our unconscious (无意识的) biases are stronger than expected in the specıes model selection; this is not a disaster, but something to consider when planning future work,” Adamo adds. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The challenges for botanical research. B．The inspiration for the new research. C．The link between zoological and botanical research. D．The effects of researchers’ preferences on the results. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By referring to previous studies. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By doing field research around the globe. D．By conducting a survey among botanists. 3．What is the finding of the study? A．Plants with rare flower colours are worthy of more attention. B．Endangered species take centre stage in botanical research. C．Researchers are more drawn to eye-catching flowering plants. D．The appearance of plants plays little role in botanical research. 4．What does the last but one paragraph focus on? A．Suggestions for future botanical research. B．Practical applications of the research results. C．Solutions for overcoming the bias in botanical research. D．Possible consequences of the bias in botanical research. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现更美丽的物种的信息更容易被发现和吸引研究人员的注意力。解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While conducting research in the mountains near Turin on Tephroseris balbisiana, an unattractive yellow-flowered plant, Dr Martino Adamo, a biologist at the University of Torino in Italy, noticed it was easier to track down information about other more beautiful species found in the region than to discover things about the object of his own research. That led him to wonder if the well-proven preferences of zoologists for attractive species also extend to botanists (植物学家). To find out, he gathered a team of fellow researchers to help him analyse the literature on the matter.(意大利都灵大学的生物学家Martino Adamo博士在都灵附近的山区对一种不起眼的黄花植物Tephroseris balbisiana进行研究时，发现在该地区发现的其他更美丽的物种的信息比发现他自己研究对象的信息更容易。这让他想知道，动物学家对有吸引力的物种的偏好是否也适用于植物学家。为了找到答案，他召集了一组研究人员来帮助他分析有关这个问题的文献)”可知，第一段主要讲了新研究的灵感。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By reviewing 280 studies conducted from 1975 to 2020 on 113 plant species in the region, the researchers collected data on the plants’ physical features such as size and color, as well as their ecology and rarity.(通过回顾1975年至2020年对该地区113种植物进行的280项研究，研究人员收集了植物的大小和颜色等物理特征以及生态和稀有度的数据)”可知，研究人员参考以往的研究进行这项研究。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段““Our findings don’ t suggest that researchers focus on prettier plants,” Adamo says, “but rather that more noticeable, easy-to-locate and colorful flowering plants are the ones receiving more attention.”(阿达莫说：“我们的研究结果并不是说研究人员关注的是更漂亮的植物，而是更引人注目、更容易定位、颜色更鲜艳的开花植物更受关注。”)”可知，这项研究发现研究人员更被吸引眼球的开花植物吸引。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The team had expected to find more endangered species among the most studied, but this was not the case. This result could have a great impact on plant science, the researchers say. “A bias (偏爱) toward attractive plants could mean we may be missing extraordinary, untold stories of how plants grow, evolve and adapt,” says study co-author Kingsley Dixon, a botanist at Australia’ s Curtin University. “Plus, we may be missing species that could be in rapid decrease toward extinction, and we don’t have even basic information on seed banking for conservation.”(研究小组原本希望在研究最多的物种中发现更多濒危物种，但事实并非如此。研究人员说，这一结果可能对植物科学产生重大影响。研究报告的合著者、澳大利亚科廷大学的植物学家金斯利·迪克森说：“对有吸引力的植物的偏见可能意味着我们可能错过了植物如何生长、进化和适应的非凡的、不为人知的故事。此外，我们可能会错过那些可能正在迅速灭绝的物种，我们甚至没有关于种子库保护的基本信息。”)”可知，倒数第二段关注植物研究偏差可能造成的后果。故选D。 Passage 2 （山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Grey reef sharks are having to abandon the coral reefs they call home. Scientists, using a combination of satellite remote sensing and a network of sound receivers on the seabed, have discovered sharks are deserting coral reefs at times of environmental stress from high temperatures that can lead to coral bleaching (白化) events. An international research team attached sound trackers to more than 120 sharks and installed receivers around coral reefs to monitor shark movements in the Indian Ocean between 2013 to 2020. This has important consequences for both the sharks and the reefs. The research provides the first evidence of how reef change in response to environmental stress, something that is becoming both more extreme and more frequent, is affecting the movement of sharks. Grey reef sharks are a common, resident predator (猎食者) to the reefs of the Indo-Pacific, risking away from the reef to feed. Many are choosing to move into offshore, deeper and cooler waters, which is concerning. Many reefs around the globe have already seen significant declines in sharks due to exploitation (开采) and this finding has the potential to accelerate the trend. Importantly, sharks moving away impacts the fragile balance in reef ecosystems. As large predators, grey reef sharks play a very important role in coral reef ecosystems. They maintain a delicately balanced food web on the reef and they also cycle nutrients onto coral reefs from deeper waters where they often feed. A loss of sharks, and the nutrients they bring, could affect the recovery of reefs during periods of high environmental stress. As climate change brings increasing uncertainty and more and more frequent extreme stress events, the important ecological role these predators play on coral reefs is likely to change, as they spend more time away from the reefs they are attached to. The implications of this are not yet fully understood but given the complex balance of species and nutrient interactions that occur on coral reefs, there will certainly be substantial changes. 1．What is the main reason behind the changes in the reefs? A．Global warming. B．Ocean pollution. C．Illegal hunting. D．Ecological imbalance. 2．What does the underlined word “trend” refer to in paragraph 2? A．The hunting of sharks. B．The destruction of reefs. C．The exploitation of human. D．The reduction in shark’s number. 3．What’s the result of sharks moving away? A．Reducing the nutrients in the sea. B．Adding to the environmental stress. C．Speeding up the recovery of the reefs. D．Breaking the undersea ecological balance. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．Sharks change their dieting habits. B．Coral reefs are left behind by sharks. C．Sharks are faced with predatory threats. D．Coral reefs’ damage draws public attention. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过卫星遥感技术和海底声纳接收器网络等科学手段，介绍了灰礁鲨因环境变化而离开珊瑚礁的现象，并探讨了这一现象对鲨鱼和珊瑚礁生态系统的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientists, using a combination of satellite remote sensing and a network of sound receivers on the seabed, have discovered sharks are deserting coral reefs at times of environmental stress from high temperatures that can lead to coral bleaching (白化) events.(科学家们结合使用卫星遥感技术以及海床上的一系列声音接收器，发现鲨鱼在面临因高温引发的环境压力时会离开珊瑚礁，而高温可能会导致珊瑚白化现象的发生。)”可知，珊瑚礁变化的主要原因是高温，而高温是由全球变暖、气候变化等因素导致的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Many reefs around the globe have already seen significant declines in sharks due to exploitation (开采) and this finding has the potential to accelerate the trend.(由于过度捕捞，全球许多珊瑚礁区域的鲨鱼数量已经大幅减少，而这一发现可能会加速这一趋势。)”可推测，这里“due to exploitation”表明由于过度捕捞（开采），全球许多珊瑚礁区域的鲨鱼数量已经大幅减少。接着说“this finding”（即鲨鱼因环境压力离开珊瑚礁这一发现）有加速“the trend”的可能性。所以结合前文可知，“the trend”指的就是鲨鱼数量减少这一趋势。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Importantly, sharks moving away impacts the fragile balance in reef ecosystems.(重要的是，鲨鱼的离开会影响珊瑚礁生态系统中脆弱的平衡。)”可知，鲨鱼的离开会影响珊瑚礁生态系统中脆弱的平衡，即破坏了海底生态平衡。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists, using a combination of satellite remote sensing and a network of sound receivers on the seabed, have discovered sharks are deserting coral reefs at times of environmental stress from high temperatures that can lead to coral bleaching (白化) events.(科学家们结合使用卫星遥感技术以及海床上的一系列声音接收器，发现鲨鱼在面临因高温引发的环境压力时会离开珊瑚礁，而高温可能会导致珊瑚白化现象的发生。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出灰礁鲨正不得不放弃它们的珊瑚礁家园，接着详细阐述了科学家通过研究发现鲨鱼在环境压力下会离开珊瑚礁，以及鲨鱼离开对自身、珊瑚礁生态系统平衡等方面带来的影响。选项B“Coral reefs are left behind by sharks.(珊瑚礁被鲨鱼遗弃)”符合文章主旨。故选B。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （山东省德州市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. A Columbia University research, led by Baldassano, a professor of psychology, has shown that we may have more control over our memory organization than previously thought. The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events. To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings. The scans revealed that mPFC activity increased during key social event changes. However, participants’s egmentation of events could be altered by directing their attention to different details. The study also found that participants’ memory of the audios varied based on what they were asked to focus on. When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. This suggests that our memory is selective and influenced by our attention. “We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” Baldassano noted. The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most. While it is not clear how allowing people to freely recall their experiences can change the way they frame their memories, this study opens new avenues for understanding how we remember our daily lives. 1．What aspect did Baldassano stress about memory segmentation? A．Personal priorities. B．Environmental changes. C．Emotional treatments. D．Boundaries between scenes. 2．How did the researchers test their theory? A．Interviewing participants’ daily experiences. B．Recording people’s memories of past events. C．Monitoring brain activities about some audios. D．Comparing individuals’ different environments. 3．What happened when participants were guided to some details? A．They intended to collect more details. B．They became confused in brain activities. C．They ignored other details unconsciously. D．They preferred to concentrate on the audios. 4．What does Baldassano suggest about memory-based treatments? A．Improving long-term memory. B．Emphasizing environmental shifts. C．Making use of the flexibility of memory. D．Collecting plenty of specific memory details. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，我们的大脑不仅基于环境转变，而且基于个人经验和优先事项来划分日常记忆。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. (新的研究表明，我们的大脑不仅根据环境变化，还根据个人经历和优先事项来划分日常记忆)”和第二段“The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events.(该研究于10月3日发表在《当代生物学》上，挑战了记忆分区是由环境变化驱动的观点。研究团队提出，场景之间的边界是由我们的过去经历和对事件的情感反应塑造的。)”可知，Baldassano的团队认为记忆分区不是由环境区分导致的，还根据个人经历和优先事项来划分日常记忆，它是由我们的过去经历和对事件的情感反应塑造的，由此可知，关于记忆分区，Baldassano强调的是个人优先事项。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings.(为了检验他们的假设，研究人员创建了16段短音频，每段音频都有四个地点和社交场合。当参与者听音频时研究人员使用fMRI来监测大脑活动，特别是在mPFC区域，该区域与我们周围环境的感知和解释有关。)”可知，研究人员通过监视有关某些音频的大脑活动来检验他们的理论，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. (当他们被要求回忆起没有要求注意的音频部分时，他们忘记了许多细节。)”可知，当参与者被指导一些细节时，他们无意识地忽略了其他细节。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most.(“我们可以选择我们注意的关注和记得的东西。这意味着，在许多方面，我们控制着自己经历的记忆。”这项研究对于理解与记忆相关的问题，如压力障碍、痴呆和正常衰老具有重要意义。研究建议，基于记忆的治疗不应只关注任何改善长期记忆的转变。注意力应集中在关键时刻，以帮助人们更好地理解和记住最重要的事情。)”可知，Baldassano对基于记忆的治疗的建议是不应只关注任何改善长期记忆的转变，而要将注意力应集中在关键时刻，这说明了我们能够控制自己的记忆，由此可推知，Baldassano强调要利用记忆的灵活性，故选C。 Passage 2 （（教研室）山东省泰安市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题）“Neurons (神经元) that fire together, wire together.” Perhaps you have heard this oft-quoted phrase of psychologist Donald Hebb and wondered what it means. To find this out, you need to understand “neuroplasticity“ first. Your brain can change, and that process is called neuroplasticity. Stimuli (刺激) cause a response and changes in your brain. The stimuli can be external, such as taking up a new hobby, or internal, such as a golfer imagining the perfect putt (推杆) just before actually stepping up and putting. Every time your brain responds to stimuli, an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. By contrast, if you stop doing an activity, the synaptic connection can reduce through a lack of use. There is a healthy competition always going on inside your brain to maintain synaptic connections. This is healthy because the connections being used “win” and maintain their strength. Strong connections make a task easier. This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. You have to work harder to perform that task. The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put, you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．How Hebb’s theory works. B．Where stimuli come from. C．How an electrical impulse happens. D．Why neuroplasticity causes synaptic connection. 2．Which of the following reflects neuroplasticity? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．United we stand, divided we fall. 3．What causes beginners to find new tasks hard according to paragraph 4? A．A lack of synaptic connections. B．Limited access to necessary information. C．Poor preparation for potential difficulties. D．The huge amount of energy required for the tasks. 4．What can be concluded from years of neuroscientific research? A．Mental decline is unavoidable. B．People become less adaptive as they age. C．People can have lifelong brain development. D．Strong adaptability helps people stay positive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了神经可塑性的重要性及其对大脑的影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Every time your brain responds to stimuli,an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. (每次你的大脑对刺激作出反应时，一个电脉冲会导致新的突触连接的形成或者现有连接的加强。这就是Hebb关于一起发射和连接的理论的意思。)”可知，本段主要讨论Hebb理论的运作原理。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. (这场比赛有助于解释为什么10000小时的练习是通往专业技能的途径。你会频繁地、长时间地重复一个动作，以至于它变成了你的第二天性，让你觉得毫不费力。)”可推知结论“熟能生巧”体现了神经可塑性的原理。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. (相比之下，第一次尝试一项任务，或者长时间休息后重新拾起一项旧任务，刚开始会感到有挑战或耗费精力。为什么？因为突触连接不存在或已减弱。)”可知，根据第四段内容，初学者发现新任务困难是由于缺乏突触连接。故选A。 4．推理判断题   根据最后一段中“The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put,you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. (好消息是，你健康的大脑——在任何年龄——都能学习、成长，并适应你周围不断变化的世界。换句话说，你在40岁或45岁时达到顶峰，从那以后，你的思维和生活开始走下坡路的旧观点，并没有得到30年神经科学研究的支持，这些研究揭示了一个非常不同的故事，关于你的大脑在各个年龄段的持续生长和发展。简单地说，如果你做出正确的选择并采取积极的行动，你可以在你的一生中更有适应能力和复原力。)”可知，研究表明人类的大脑可以终身发育。故选C。 Passage 3 （山东省聊城市多校2024-2025学年高三上学期期末诊断检测英语试题）The Ocean Cleanup Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to ridding the world’s oceans of plastic waste. Founded in 2013 by a Dutch teenager, Boyan Slat, the project aims to deploy systems that can efficiently collect and remove plastic pollution from the oceans. The problem of ocean plastic pollution is vast and growing. Every year, millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans, harming marine life and disrupting ecosystems. The Ocean Cleanup Project believes that the current methods of cleaning up plastic waste, such as using ships and nets, are not effective enough. Instead, they have developed a new system called the Ocean Cleanup Array. The Ocean Cleanup Array is a floating barrier that uses the ocean’s currents to collect plastic waste. The barrier is made up of a series of interconnected floats and booms that create a V-shaped structure. This structure allows the ocean currents to push plastic waste towards the center of the barrier, where it is then collected and removed. The system is designed to be self-sustaining and can operate continuously for years without the need for human intervention. One of the key challenges facing the Ocean Cleanup Project is funding. The organization relies on donations and grants to support their research and development efforts. In addition to funding, it also faces challenges related to the deployment and maintenance of their systems. The oceans are vast and remote, making it difficult to monitor and maintain the systems once they are deployed. Despite these challenges, the Ocean Cleanup Project has made significant progress in their mission to rid the world’s oceans of plastic waste. They have successfully deployed their systems in several locations around the world and have collected thousands of tons of plastic waste. Their efforts have been recognized by the international community, and they have received numerous awards and accolades for their innovative approach to solving the problem of ocean plastic pollution. They were presented with Champions of the Earth Award, the United Nation’s highest environmental honor. The Ocean Cleanup Project is a shining example of the power of innovation and dedication to solving global environmental problems. By developing new and effective methods for cleaning up plastic waste from the oceans, they are helping to protect marine life and preserve the health of our planet for future generations. 1．What is the main goal of the Ocean Cleanup Project? A．To protect endangered marine species. B．To educate the public about ocean pollution. C．To address the issue of marine plastic pollution. D．To research new systems for marine applications. 2．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3? A．How does the Ocean Cleanup Array work. B．Why is the Ocean Cleanup Array developed. C．What’s the shape of the Ocean Cleanup Array. D．What’s the advantage of the Ocean Cleanup Array. 3．What’s the purpose of mentioning “Champions of the Earth Award”? A．To show it is famous. B．To give an example. C．To prove its progress. D．To list one of awards. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．The project runs only depending on donations. B．The project has employed their systems globally. C．The project has little impact on the ocean and people. D．The project stands out in terms of innovation and devotion. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“海洋清理项目”(The Ocean Cleanup Projec)，这是一个致力于清除海洋塑料污染的非营利组织。文章详细描述了该项目的目标、技术手段、面临的挑战以及取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Ocean Cleanup Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to ridding the world’s oceans of plastic waste.(海洋清理项目是一个致力于清除世界海洋塑料污染的非营利组织。)”可知，该项目的主要目标是解决海洋塑料污染问题。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The Ocean Cleanup Array is a floating barrier that uses the ocean’s currents to collect plastic waste.(海洋清理阵列是一种利用洋流收集塑料垃圾的浮动屏障。)”以及后续对系统工作原理的描述可知，本段主要介绍了海洋清理阵列的工作原理。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Their efforts have been recognized by the international community, and they have received numerous awards and accolades for their innovative approach to solving the problem of ocean plastic pollution. They were presented with Champions of the Earth Award, the United Nation’s highest environmental honor.(他们的努力得到了国际社会的认可，并因其创新解决海洋塑料污染问题的方法获得了众多奖项和荣誉。他们被授予‘地球卫士奖’，这是联合国最高的环境荣誉。)”可知，提到“地球卫士奖”是为了证明该项目取得的进展和成就。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“The Ocean Cleanup Project is a shining example of the power of innovation and dedication to solving global environmental problems.(海洋清理项目是创新和奉献精神解决全球环境问题的典范。)”可知，该项目在创新和奉献方面表现突出。故选D项。 Passage 4 （山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食$