专题02 选词填空（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会——社会服务与人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） A．acclaim   B．especially   C． demonstrating   D．grand   E. glimpse    F. conveyed G. mostly   H. declined   I. universal   J. creative   K. acknowledged The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a poetic dance demonstration of the beauty of traditional Chinese art by the China Oriental Performing Arts Group, was performed at the San Diego Civic Theatre on New Year’s Eve. More than 2,000 people attended the production on Tuesday night, which has been greeted with widespread 1 since its release in 2021. The performance received a standing welcome, with actors taking 10 curtain calls(谢幕) to thunderous applause. “It’s a feast for the eyes and the soul,” says one of the attendees, who 2 to be named. "Even without dialogue, the dancers perfectly 3 the essence of Chinese landscape painting through body language, giving us a unique 4 into Chinese art." Poetic dance is a form of contemporary Chinese performance that combines dance and poetry to tell a story, while exploring the relationship between the two art forms. The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting is about Wang Ximeng, a young Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) painter, whose A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains(千里江山图) is widely 5 to be one of the most important paintings in the history of Chinese art. His story is told through the perspective of a contemporary researcher. The 11-meter scroll painting, which is now part of the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, is a record of the life and landscapes of the time, and mixes realism with imagination. In a fusion of virtual and physical spaces, the painting unfolds onstage, linking the thousand-year-old master painter with contemporary artists, as well as the arts of painting and dance. “This production transcends language barriers,” says Zhou Liya, co-chief director of the production. “Foreign spectators can appreciate its essence through the language of movement. Art is the 6 language that connects across borders." Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen shared their thoughts on the 7 concepts and performance techniques behind the production with artists at a dance school in San Diego on Monday, 8 the integration of traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern stagecraft. Since its premiere in 2021, the production has been performed 650 times, 9 in China, but also in Singapore and Russia. The New Year’s Eve performance was its first in the United States, where it will tour later this year, and marked the 10 finale of the show's 2024 international run. In October, the show was turned into a movie, and the soundtrack has been performed in a series of concerts. 【答案】 1．A 2．H 3．F 4．E 5．K 6．I 7．J 8．C 9．G 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的诗歌舞蹈《只此青绿》的创作和世界各国循环演出的情况。 1．考查名词。句意：周二晚上，超过2000人参加了演出，自2021年上映以来，该剧受到了广泛的好评。根据空格前的with widespread可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，且意义为“赞扬，称誉，高度评价”，所以名词acclaim填入空格处，符合句意。故选A项。 2．考查动词。句意：“这是一场视觉和心灵的盛宴，”其中一位不愿透露姓名的与会者说。根据空格后的to be named可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，且意义为“拒绝，谢绝”。所以动词declined填入空格处，符合句意。故选H项。 3．考查动词。句意：“即使没有对白，舞者们也通过肢体语言完美地传达了中国山水画的精髓，让我们对中国艺术有了独特的感受。”根据句意和空格后的名词短语the essence of Chinese landscape painting可知，空格处应该用动词作谓语，且意义为“表达，传递”，所以动词conveyed填入空格处，符合句意。故选F项。 4．考查名词。句意：“即使没有对白，舞者们也通过肢体语言完美地传达了中国山水画的精髓，让我们对中国艺术有了独特的感受。”根据句意和空格前的giving us a unique可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“感受；体验”，所以，名词glimpse填入空格处，符合句意。故选E项。 5．考查动词。句意：《只此青绿》讲述的是北宋青年画家王希孟（50-1127 年）的故事，他的《千里江山图》被广泛认为是中国艺术史上最重要的画作之一。根据句意和空格前的is widely可知，空格处应该用过去分词形式构成被动语态，且意义为“承认；认可”，所以，动词acknowledged填入空格处，符合句意。故选K项。 6．考查形容词。句意：艺术是跨越国界的通用语言。根据句意和空格后的名词language可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，且意义为“通用的”，所以，形容词universal填入空格处，符合句意。故选I项。 7．考查形容词。句意：周一，周和另一位总导演韩震在圣地亚哥的一所舞蹈学校与艺术家分享了他们对制作背后的创意概念和表演技巧的看法，特别是中国传统美学与现代舞台艺术的融合。根据句意和空格后的名词concepts可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“创造性的”，所以形容词creative填入空格处，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：周一，周和另一位总导演韩震在圣地亚哥的一所舞蹈学校与艺术家分享了他们对制作背后的创意概念和表演技巧的看法，展示了中国传统美学与现代舞台艺术的融合。空格处作状语，结合句意，用demonstrate“展示”作状语，与主语“Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen ”是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选C项。 9．考查副词。句意：自 2021 年首演以来，该作品已上演 650 场，主要在中国，但也在新加坡和俄罗斯。空格处作状语，修饰下文的地点状语in China，且意义为“多半，主要地”，所以，副词mostly填入空格处，符合句意。故选G项。 10．考查形容词。句意：除夕夜演出是该剧在美国的首场演出，将于今年晚些时候在美国巡演，标志着该剧2024年国际演出的压轴演出。根据句意和空格后的名词final可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“壮丽的；极好的”，所以形容词grand填入空格处，符合句意。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．motive   B．resources   C． source   D．contributors   E. interpreted F. enthusiastic   G. exclusive   H. reflections   I. vary   J. negotiated K. shocking Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 1 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 2 — we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 3 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target! For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 4 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 5 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits. But despite the profit 6 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 7 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book. Many celebrities are less 8 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this?” If the value that publishers bring to authors can 9 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 10 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product. 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．G 4．E 5．B 6．A 7．J 8．F 9．I 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以泰勒・斯威夫特自出版书籍这一事件为切入点，深入分析出版行业的变化趋势，探讨名人自出版现象及其背后的动机、面临的挑战，以及对传统出版商的影响等内容 。 1．考查名词。句意：在塔吉特（Target）官方泰勒・斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）《时代》巡回演唱会纪念书的产品页面上，有这样一些细节 ——256 页；500 张图片以及泰勒・斯威夫特撰写的个人感悟 —— 在 “规格” 标题下有一个不太起眼的栏目。分析句子可知，此空需要填名词，结合语境，personal reflections表示“个人的反思、感悟”，符合书里包含图片和个人感悟的描述。故选H。 2．考查形容词。句意：这位超级巨星绕过传统出版商，自己发行这本书。这或许并不那么令人震惊 —— 我们知道她喜欢省去中间人。分析句子可知，此空需要填形容词作表语。再根据“we know she loves to cut out a middleman”可知，这里说明她自己出版书这件事因为她一贯的行事风格，所以也许并不那么令人震惊，“shocking”符合语境。故选K。 3．考查形容词。句意：她与塔吉特（Target）也有长期的零售合作关系，塔吉特将是这本书的独家零售商，所以泰勒的粉丝们，你们别无选择，只能去塔吉特！分析句子可知，此空需要填形容词作定语，再从“so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target”可知，Target是这本书唯一的零售商，exclusive有“唯一的，独有的”意思。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：对于制作和销售书籍的公司来说，这可能被解读为一个警告信号，因为每一分钱都花在了这个肯定会大获成功的产品上。分析句子可知，此空可填动词过去分词构成被动语态，“be interpreted as”是固定搭配，意为“被解读为”，符合此处语境，表示这件事对相关公司来说可能被理解为一种警示。故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：最近，各种拥有可观个人资源（金钱、追随者、知名度）的作家都自行出版书籍或做出非传统的出版安排。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，且“money, followers, notoriety”这些都属于个人所拥有的资源范畴，“resources(资源)”符合语境。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管自己做所有事情有利润动机，似乎并非每个名人都会追随泰勒・斯威夫特的脚步。分析句子可知，这里讨论自己出版书籍背后的原因，“profit motive(利润动机)”表示出于对利润的追求而采取行动，符合文意。故选A。 7．考查动词。句意：很少有明星，尤其是那些只想提升个人品牌的明星，会有足够的精力或兴趣去寻找编辑、律师、设计师、校对员、版权专家，以及其他创作、发行和销售一本书所需要的专业人士。分析句子可知，此空应填动词与前面to构成不定式，明星要出版书籍，需要寻找各类专业人士进行沟通协商，“source(寻找…的来源)”符合语境。故选C。 8．考查形容词。句意：正如弗里德曼所说，许多名人对建立一个商业帝国的热情不如泰勒・斯威夫特，他们可能会想：“我真的需要在这件事上瞎忙活吗？” 分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词，“enthusiastic”表示“热情的”，即很多名人不像Swift 那样热衷于建立一个商业帝国。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：如果出版商为作者带来的价值可能有所不同，那么名人给出版商带来的价值一直都很显著。分析句子可知，此空需要动词作谓语，“vary”表示“变化，不同”，即出版商给作者带来的价值可能不同。故选I。 10．考查名词。句意：他们可能对公司的利润底线有重要贡献，但要像大多数书籍一样畅销，他们也需要付出同样多的努力。分析句子可知，此空需要填名词作表语，“contributors”表示“贡献者”，即名人可以是对公司利润有重要贡献的人。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市崇明中学·期末） A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 1 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 2 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 3 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 4 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 5 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 6 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 7 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 8 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 9 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 10 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. 【答案】 1．E 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．J 9．K 10．H 【来源】2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着像ChatGPT这样易于使用的新人工智能系统的引入，旅行规划方式将发生改变，人工智能简化了规划过程，并提供了使用人工智能辅助旅行的相关技巧，从而确保旅行体验更加安全、信息更丰富且更令人满意。 1．考查形容词。句意：用户不再需要进行艰苦的研究，只需与人工智能进行一次快速对话，就能得到类似的结果。空格处为定语修饰后面名词research，根据下文“users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI.”可知，laborious“艰苦的；费力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 2．考查名词。句意：人工智能在一些旅行功能方面非常出色，比如产生想法、突出小型企业以及翻译语言，但要想用好它有一些技巧，尤其是在旅行方面。空格处为介词for的宾语，前面有some修饰，根据“like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages”可知，functions“功能”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选D项。 3．考查动词。句意：一旦你选定了目的地，就缩小你的搜索范围。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，根据“Once you have chosen your destinations”可知，narrow“缩小”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。 4．考查动词。句意：这是因为与TripAdvisor等平台不同，该系统从网络的各个角落汇集知识，解释结果以最适合你的查询，然后以对话的方式提供信息。空格处为谓语动词，根据“from all corners of the web”可知，pools“汇集”为动词，符合句意。为一般现在时。故选G项。 5．考查动词。句意：要打造一个好的提示，用母语提问至关重要。空格处为不定式to do作目的状语，根据“a good prompt”可知，craft“打造”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查副词。句意：你的标点、拼写和语法越精确，人工智能就越能准确地理解你。空格处为副词修饰前面动词understand，根据“The more precise”可知，accurately“准确地”为副词，符合句意。故选A项。 7．考查动词。句意：最后，总是复核人工智能对其他来源的回答，将其建议与可信平台进行交叉引用，为您的规划增添了额外的信心。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，double-check“复核”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查名词。句意：通过掌握这些技巧，你可以利用这个强大的生成引擎，确保更安全、更知情、更令人满意的旅行体验。空格处为动词mastering的宾语，前面有these修饰，根据下文“better-informed and more satisfying travel experience.”可知，tips“技巧”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：每天，随着越来越多的初创企业和公司找到利用自然语言释放其潜力的最佳方式，人工智能正在迅速发展。空格处为不定式to do作后置定语修饰前面名词ways，根据下文“its potential to deliver information using natural language”可知，“unlock“释放”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。 10．考查副词。句意：随着该系统逐渐获得更多访问网络的机会，了解用户想要什么，并变得更加“智能”，它将继续以意想不到和开创性的方式改变旅行。空格处为副词修饰后面动词gets，根据“gets more access to the web”可知，progressively“逐渐地”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市松江区·期末） A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly     G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. 【答案】 1．K 2．C 3．D 4．J 5．A 6．G 7．E 8．H 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地庆祝生日的不同习俗和活动。 1．考查形容词。句意：从在中国享用长面条到在美国围着蛋糕和蜡烛唱歌，世界各地都有各种庆祝成长的方式。根据“From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America”以及句意“各种”可知应填形容词various，作定语修饰名词ways。故选K。 2．考查动词。句意：庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，并以一件闪亮的裙子和一个巨大的蛋糕来结束。be meant to do sth.为固定搭配，设空处填动词原形，根据“a big step forward in a young girl’s life”可知庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，动词mark“纪念，庆贺”符合句意。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：它与婚礼仪式相似，是对女孩成功进入成年的祝愿。设空处作宾语，，passage“过渡，通道”为名词，passage into adulthood意为“成年仪式”符合句意，故选D。 4．考查副词。句意：和中国人一样，日本人也会在元旦这一天传统上庆祝自己又老了一岁。根据“Similar to the Chinese”以及句意“传统”可知应填副词traditionally，修饰动词celebrate。故选J。 5．考查形容词。句意：在古代，孩子们往往早夭，所以当男孩长到五岁，女孩长到三岁和七岁时，他们就会穿上最好的衣服，感谢上帝赐予他们健康。根据“times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health”以及句意“古代”可知应填形容词ancient“古代的”，修饰名词times。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：非洲由许多国家或地区组成，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统。根据“Africa is made up of many countries or regions”以及后文“In one tribe in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional”可知，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统，形容词specific“独特的，特有的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词traditions。故选G。 7．考查名词。句意：在肯尼亚的一个部落里，男孩们必须在14岁到16岁之间和其他同龄男孩一起参加三个传统仪式。根据“boys must participate in three traditional”以及句意“仪式”可知应填名词ritual，根据上文three可知应填复数形式rituals。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：为了庆祝他们成年，部落通常会举办一些经典的活动，比如跳跃舞。作谓语，根据“classic activities such as the Jumping Dance”可知此处指“举行经典活动”，动词stage“举办；举行”符合句意，根据句意和usually可知此句陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为the tribe，谓语用三单形式stages。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：花和水果通常用来装饰聚会。根据“Flowers and fruit”可知此处指“装饰派对”，动词decorate“装饰”符合句意；be used to do sth.“被用来……”，此空填动词原形。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：它们是大自然的礼物，可以被视为生命和成长的象征。根据“seen”以及“of life and growth”可知，此处表示“被看作是生命和成长的象征”，作介词as宾语，名词symbol“象征”符合句意，根据“They are gifts from nature”可知应填名词复数symbols。故选I。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） A．forms  B．present  C． reflected  D．direction  E. works F. dates  G. amazing  H. respect  I. key  J. former  K. factors China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main 1 has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 2 back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells (壳) on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be 3 in today’ s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different 4 , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang unified (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5 . That writing system was 6 to connecting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s 7 is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic 8 written by the Chinese in ancient times. The high 9 for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10 language. 【答案】 1．K 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．I 7．B 8．E 9．H 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古老的文明和汉字系统的发展历程及其重要性。 1．考查名词。句意：这之所以成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的书写系统。根据上文“There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main”可知，空处指“主要的因素”，应填名词复数，factors“因素”为名词复数，符合句意。故选K项。 2．考查动词。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前中国人使用龙骨 —— 刻有符号的动物骨头和贝壳的时代。根据上文“At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language”以及下文“back several thousand years”可知，中国的书写系统“可以追溯到”几千年前，dates back to“追溯到；始于”为固定短语。空处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式dates，符合句意。故选F项。 3．考查动词。句意：一些古代符号在今天的汉字中仍然有所体现。根据上文“Some of the ancient symbols”以及下文“in today’ s hanzi”可知，这些古老的符号在今天的一些汉字中仍然“被体现”，空处与be动词构成被动语态，表被动，reflect“反射；反映；体现”，其过去分词形式reflected，符合句意。故选C项。 4．考查名词。句意：多年来，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为当时人们地理上分隔开来，导致方言和文字有很多不同的种类。根据上文“the system developed into different”可知，空处应填复数名词，作宾语，forms“形式”为名词复数，符合句意。故选A项。 5．考查名词。句意：秦始皇把七大强国统一成一个国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。根据上文“Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven major states into one country”可知，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个“方向”发展，空处应填名词作宾语，direction“方向”为可数名词，符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：那个书写系统是连接中国人民和文化的关键。根据上文“That writing system was”以及下文“to connecting the Chinese people and culture”可知，那个书写系统是连接中国人民和文化的“关键”，key“关键”，符合句意。故选I项。 7．考查名词。句意：书面汉语也已经成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。根据上文“Written Chinese has also become an important means”以及下文“with its past”可知，书面汉语已经成为中国“现在”与过去相联系的重要手段，空处应填名词，作主语，present“现在”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查名词。句意：现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。根据上文“People in modern times can read the classic”以及下文“written by the Chinese in ancient times”可知，现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的“作品”，空处应填名词，作宾语，works“作品”为可数名词，此处表泛指，用名词复数works，符合句意。故选E项。 9．考查名词。句意：对汉字书写系统的尊重可以从汉字作为艺术形式的发展中看出，这种艺术形式被称为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。根据上文“The high”以及下文“for the Chinese writing system”可知，空处指对汉字书写系统的“尊重”，应填名词，作主语，respect“尊重”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H项。 10．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。根据上文“an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this”以及下文“language”可知，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种“令人惊叹的”语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史，空处应填形容词，作定语，amazing“令人惊叹的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市上海市嘉定区·期末） A．released    B．maintain    C． equal    D．actually    E. recommendations F. allowing    G. individual    H. totals    I. limited    J. added K. controlled Drink Up - Hydrating beverages (补水饮料) that aren’t water Our bodies are about 60% water and if we don’t get enough to drink, we can suffer extreme tiredness and headaches. So how much water do we need to drink each day? People used to believe everyone should drink 8 glasses of water a day, but experts say current research supports paying attention to your 1 needs — which can vary from day to day. Generally, the average adult male requires about 13 cups of water a day, while the average female needs just over 8 cups. On some days, though — when it’s hot or you’re working out or taking certain medicines — you may need more. If those 2 sound like way too much water for your taste, don’t worry. You don’t have to drink that much, and it doesn’t have to be all water. You 3 can sometimes replace plain water with these drinks: COFFEE That’s right, coffee. A 2014 U.K. study measured the body water of subjects in two groups: one that drank 4 cups of coffee a day and the other a(n) 4 amount of water. When the amount of food intake and exercise is 5 , researchers found no significant difference in body-water levels. There is no reason that coffee can’t count toward your daily water 6 . Try to limit yourself to 3 or 4 cups max, though, to stay within healthy limits. MILK In a 2015 study 7 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, British researchers found that cows’ milk, both full-fat and skim, can provide humans with more water. That’s because it takes longer to digest than water, 8 the body to absorb more. Milk also supplies other nutrients that most of us need more of. JUICE Fruit and vegetable juices with no 9 sugar are an excellent source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which can reduce infection and help prevent age-related diseases. Natural sugars contained in juice digest more slowly than processed sugar, helping to 10 your metabolism (新陈代谢). Orange juice is slightly more hydrating than water, according to a 2015 British study. 【答案】 1．G 2．E 3．D 4．C 5．K 6．H 7．A 8．F 9．J 10．B 【导语】这是一篇一篇说明文。文章主要说明每天适量饮水很重要以及介绍一些可以代替水的饮品。 1．考查形容词。句意：人们过去认为每个人每天应该喝8杯水，但专家表示，目前的研究支持关注你的个人需求——这可能每天都不一样。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。individual表“个人的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 2．考查名词。句意：如果这些建议听起来太多的水不适合你的口味，不要担心。分析句子且由those可知，此空可填名词复数作主语。recommendations表“建议”，为名词复数，符合句意，此处指第二段提到的建议。故选E项。 3．考查副词。句意：事实上，有时你可以用这些饮料代替白开水。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语。actually表“事实上”，为副词，符合句意。故选D项。 4．考查形容词。句意：英国2014年的一项研究测量了两组受试者的身体水分：一组每天喝4杯咖啡，另一组喝等量的水。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。equal 表“相等的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 5．考查动词。句意：当食物摄入和运动量得到控制时，研究人员发现体内水分水平没有显著差异。结合句意，表示控制用control，此空填动词过去分词形式，和前面is构成被动语态。故选K项。 6．考查名词。句意：咖啡没有理由不计入你每天的饮水总量。分析句子可知，此空填名词作宾语。 totals表“总量”，为 total复数形式，符合句意。故选H项。 7．考查动词。句意：在2015年发表在《美国临床营养学杂志》上的一项研究中，英国研究人员发现，全脂和脱脂牛奶都能为人类提供更多的水分。 released“发表”符合句意；空处作study的后置定语，且与study是被动关系，故应用过去分词，符合句意。故选A项。 8．考查动词。句意：这是因为它比水需要更长的时间来消化，从而使身体吸收更多。allow“允许”符合句意，分析句子可知，空处作状语，表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故选F项。 9．考查形容词。句意：不添加糖的水果和蔬菜汁是维生素、矿物质和抗氧化剂的绝佳来源，可以减少感染，有助于预防与年龄相关的疾病。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作定语，added表“额外的，添加的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 10．考查动词。句意：果汁中含有的天然糖比加工糖消化得慢，有助于维持新陈代谢。分析句子可知，此空可填动词原形和前面to构成不定式。maintain 表“维持”，为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市长宁区区·期末） A．appetite       B．affected          C． secured         D．strays        E. offence   F. punishable G. fans           H. balancing      I. making         J. grieving        K. retrieve Politicians are competing in an animal-welfare arms race. Michael Jackson had a chimpanzee. Justin Bieber had a capuchin, until it was seized by German customs officials. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey. The trio of stars would find few 1 in the British government, which proposed new restrictions on keeping primates as pets. Britain’s animal-welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world. Wild animals in travelling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public 2 for parades of elephants and tigers 3 on stools had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban took effect, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain, 4 up a sad little zoo of six reindeer, four camels, four zebras, two racoons, a zebu, a macaw and a fox. However, new laws offer more political advantages. Politicians are only too happy to give full rein to the nation’s passion for animals, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In last year’s election, the Conservative Party promised to help councils reunite 5 with their owners by making it mandatory to microchip cats. The Labour Party, on the other hand, promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants. James Daly, a Member of Parliament, has proposed “Gizmo’s Law”, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was cremated (火化) without its owner’s knowledge. The law would oblige councils that 6 dead animals from the roadside to reunite the victims with their 7 owners rather than being anonymously cremated. One of the most popular proposals, which have 8 more than 250,000 signatures in the petitions, is a new 9 of pet theft, which would recognise that dognapping feels more like the abduction (绑架) of a child than the theft of a television. Stealing a pet is already 10 by up to seven years in prison under the Theft Act, and judges can already account for the emotional distress when passing sentence. Still, it could be just the thing for the next manifesto (宣言). 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．H 4．I 5．D 6．K 7．J 8．C 9．E 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国政界在动物福利领域的竞争态势，涉及多项与动物保护相关的法律提案和举措，展现了政客们如何利用宠物友好政策获取政治优势。 1．考查名词。句意：这三位明星（迈克尔·杰克逊、贾斯汀·比伯、蕾哈娜）在英国政府那里几乎找不到支持者，因为英国政府提议对饲养灵长类动物作为宠物实施新的限制。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合前文明星们饲养灵长类宠物的行为与英国政府的限制政策，可知政府不会支持他们，fans意为“支持者”，符合语境，体现政府对这种行为的不认同。故选G项。 2．考查名词。句意：去年，流动马戏团中的野生动物被依法禁止（表演），但公众对大象巡游和老虎踩凳子这类表演的兴趣早已下降，这已然终结了这一行业。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词，与public搭配，public appetite表示“公众兴趣”，结合后文“had already put an end to the business”，说明公众兴趣的降低导致行业消亡，appetite符合文意，体现公众态度对行业的影响。故选A项。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，流动马戏团中的野生动物被依法禁止（表演），但公众对大象巡游和老虎踩凳子这类表演的兴趣早已下降，这已然终结了这一行业。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，修饰tigers，构成“tigers...on stools”的结构，balancing意为“保持平衡”，tigers balancing on stools形象描述了老虎在凳子上表演的动作，符合马戏团表演场景。故选H项。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：到禁令生效时，英国仅剩两家有执照的动物马戏团，它们构成了一个由6只驯鹿、4只骆驼、4只斑马、2只浣熊、1只瘤牛、1只金刚鹦鹉和1只狐狸组成的悲伤小动物园。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，构成现在分词短语作结果状语，making up意为“组成”，此处表示两家马戏团的动物共同构成一个小动物园，making符合语境，体现动物的集合状态。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：在去年的选举中，保守党承诺通过强制给猫植入微芯片，帮助地方议会让走失的猫与主人团聚。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作reunite的宾语，strays意为“走失的宠物”，结合“reunite...with their owners”，可知是让走失的猫回到主人身边，strays符合文意，呼应“微芯片帮助寻回”的逻辑。故选D项。 6．考查动词。句意：这项法律将迫使从路边找回动物尸体的地方议会，让这些遇难的动物与它们悲痛的主人团聚，而不是匿名火化。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，retrieve意为“找回”，与“dead animals from the roadside”搭配，指从路边找回动物尸体，符合法律要求的前提动作。故选K项。 7．考查形容词。句意：这项法律将迫使从路边找回动物尸体的地方议会，让这些遇难的动物与它们悲痛的主人团聚，而不是匿名火化。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词修饰owners，grieving意为“悲痛的”，动物遭遇不幸后，主人必然会感到悲痛，grieving符合语境，体现主人的情绪状态。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：其中一项最受欢迎的提案在请愿书上已获得超过25万个签名，该提案将宠物盗窃定为一项新罪名，认为偷狗更像是绑架孩子，而非偷电视。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，secured意为“获得”，与“more than 250,000 signatures”搭配，指提案获得大量签名支持，secured符合文意，体现提案的受欢迎程度。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：其中一项最受欢迎的提案在请愿书上已获得超过25万个签名，该提案将宠物盗窃定为一项新罪名，认为偷狗更像是绑架孩子，而非偷电视。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作表语，offence意为“罪名”，a new offence of pet theft表示“宠物盗窃这项新罪名”，符合提案的核心内容，呼应“法律定性”的语境。故选E项。 10．考查形容词。句意：根据《盗窃法》，偷宠物已经可被判处最高7年监禁，法官在判刑时也已能将情感困扰纳入考量。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词作表语，punishable意为“可惩罚的”，结合“by up to seven years in prison”，说明偷宠物是应受处罚的行为，punishable符合语境，体现法律的惩戒性。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．partially offset by D．shrinking G. strengthening B．strongly suggestive of E. specialization H. attenuation C． seemingly unrelated to F. capacity I. responsiveness 【答案】 A D G 【详解】考查动词和短语。句意：体重的增加将使鸟类按照人类的标准变得肥胖，并使它们无法飞行，但这种增加会部分被迁移前消化器官的萎缩、迁移过程中的不活动以及为飞行提供动力的肌肉的加强所抵消。but之前都是在说鸟类迁徙之前要积累脂肪做为飞行的能量，所以but之后第一空应该要说这种gain其实会被抵消，A. partially offset by部分抵消；B. strongly suggestive of强烈暗示； C. seemingly unrelated to貌似无关。故第一空选A项；第二空，只有消化器官萎缩了才能抵消掉飞行之前增加的体重，D. shrinking收缩；E. specialization特殊化；F. capacity能力。所以第二空选D项。而肌肉的加强又会消耗更多的能量，G. strengthening加强；H. attenuation衰减；I. responsiveness 响应。所以第三空选G选项。此处这两个原因解释为什么抵消了脂肪的增加。故填①A②D③G。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市青浦区·期末） A．houses  B．approaching  C． appear  D．talent  E. exclusively F. lowered  G. hiding  H. limits  I. dramatically  J. natural  K. sensitive Dolphin Senses New research involving trained dolphins seems to further prove that these animals can sense electricity. The 1 may allow them to better lock onto hidden fish hunted and direct the path. The ability to sense electric fields is known as electroreception(电感受). All animals produce a weak electric field, but electroreception has almost 2 been found in water creatures. About a decade ago, scientists published research suggesting that some dolphins have passive electroreception. And in 2021, researchers in Germany released their own study finding that dolphins likely have it, too. This new research is a follow-up to that latter study by the same team—one intended to better describe the 3 of electroreception in bottlenose dolphins. The researchers teamed up with scientists from the Nuremberg Zoo, which currently 4 six dolphins. They specifically worked with two bottlenose dolphins named Donna and Dolly. They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 5 them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 6 the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity. The findings further prove that bottlenose dolphins can indeed sense electricity, but suggest that some dolphins are better at it than others. Donna, for instance, was a bit more 7 and able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly. The electroreception found in dolphins doesn’t 8 to be as strong as it is in the typical shark, but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish 9 underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away. Other studies have suggested that dolphins also possess a sense that acts as a sort of 10 GPS for them. So these dolphins’ electroreception might provide an explanation for that ability as well, Huttner said. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．H 4．A 5．B 6．F 7．K 8．C 9．G 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明海豚能够感知电，这种天赋可以让它们更好地锁定隐藏的鱼类并指引路径。 1．考查名词。句意：这种天赋可以让它们更好地锁定被猎杀的隐藏鱼类并指引路径。空前有The，空处应用名词作主语。根据上文中的“these animals can sense electricity”可知，海豚能够感知电，这是一种天赋。talent意为“天赋”。名词做主语。故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：所有动物都会产生微弱的电场，但电接收几乎只在水生生物中发现。空处应用副词修饰谓语。but前后表示转折，前面“All animals produce a weak electric field”说所有动物都会产生微弱的电场，所以这里应说的是几乎只有水生生物有电接受的能力。exclusively意为“只能，仅仅”副词作状语。故选E。 3．考查名词。句意：这项新研究是同一团队对后一项研究的后续研究，旨在更好地描述宽吻海豚的电接收极限。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的“They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 　　5　　them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 　　6　　the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity.(他们首先训练它们将下巴放在水中的金属棒上，然后在五秒内游泳离开，以应对……它们的电场。然后，他们逐渐……这片电场的强度，以测试海豚的敏感性。)”可知，他们做实验是为了弄清楚宽吻海豚的电接收极限。limit意为“极限”，limits是其复数。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：研究人员与纽伦堡动物园的科学家合作，该动物园目前有六只海豚。空处作从句的谓语，应用动词。根据空后的“six dolphins”可知，这里表示该动物园有六只海豚。house意为“收藏，让……居住”，为及物动词，houses是其第三人称单数形式。故选A。 5．考查动词。句意：他们首先训练它们将下巴放在水中的金属棒上，然后在五秒内游泳离开，以应对接近它们的电场。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰an electric field，根据空后的“them by swimming away within five seconds”可知，这里表示通过在五秒内游泳离开来应对接近的电场，approach意为“靠近，接近”，approaching是其现在分词形式，和逻辑主语an electric field是主谓关系，符合题意。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：然后，他们逐渐降低这片电场的强度，以测试海豚的敏感性。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。根据下文中的“able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly”可知，这里表示降低电场的强度。lower意为“降低”，为及物动词，lowered是其过去式。符合题意。故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：例如，与Dolly相比，Donna更敏感，能够对较弱的磁场做出正确的反应。空处应用形容词作表语。根据上文中的“test the dolphins’ sensitivity”可知，这里表示Donna比Dolly更敏感。sensitive意为“敏感的”。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：在海豚身上发现的电接收似乎没有在典型的鲨鱼身上那么强，但它可能仍然足够有用，可以让它们在几厘米外的沙子、石头或泥土下找到隐藏的鱼。根据空前的doesn’t 可知，空处应用动词原形。根据空后的“to be...”和句中的“but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish”可知，这里表示虽然海豚的电接收似乎没有鲨鱼身上的那么强，但也足够有用了，appear意为“显得，似乎”。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意参考上题。空处应用非谓语动词，作定语修饰fish。根据上文中的“better lock onto hidden fish”和空后的“underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away”可知，这里表示藏在几厘米外的沙子、石头或泥土下的鱼，hide意为“隐藏”，hiding是其现在分词形式，和逻辑主语fish之间是主谓关系，符合题意。故选G。 10．考查形容词。句意：其他研究表明，海豚也有一种感觉，对它们来说，这充当一种天然的GPS。空处应用形容词作定语。根据句中的“possess a sense”和空后的“GPS for them”可知，海豚拥有的这种感觉可以充当天然的GPS。natural意为“自然的，天然的”。故选J。 主题01 人与社会——社会文化、科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市浦东新区·期末） A．illustrate           B．experience           C． highly           D．perceived E. various            F. elegance             G. identity           H. symbol I. tracked             J. calmly               K. concept When it comes to physical beauty, different cultures have their own unique ideals that are shaped by a variety of factors, including history, geography, religion, and social norms. Beauty is a 1 that has been interpreted and redefined throughout history and across various cultures. In Western cultures, especially in modern times, a slim figure has often been 2 as beauty for women. This ideal can be 3 back to the influence of fashion and media. Models and celebrities with slender bodies are frequently featured in magazines, advertisements, and on the runway, setting a standard that many strive to achieve. Pale or fair skin was once 4 regarded in Western history, as it was a sign of wealth and nobility, indicating that one did not have to work outdoors in the sun. However, in recent decades, tanned skin has become increasingly popular, seen as a 5 of health and an active outdoor lifestyle. In contrast, many African cultures have 6 ideals of physical beauty. In some tribes, a fuller body size is considered attractive for women. This is because it signifies prosperity and 7 . For instance, in parts of Nigeria and Senegal, women may 8 special rituals and consume certain foods to gain weight in preparation for marriage, as a plump body is seen as a desirable trait in a wife. In addition, some African cultures value unique physical markings and adornments (装饰品). Tattoos, scarification, and the wearing of elaborate jewelry and headdresses are all ways to enhance one’s beauty and express one’s cultural 9 . These examples 10 that the concept of ideal physical beauty is not universal but rather a reflection of the values and traditions of each culture. 【答案】 1．K 2．D 3．I 4．C 5．H 6．E 7．F 8．B 9．G 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕不同文化中独特的审美观念展开，对比了西方文化和非洲文化里对身体美的不同认知，表明理想美是文化价值与传统的体现。 1．考查名词。句意：美是一个在历史长河中、在不同文化里被不断诠释和重新定义的概念。根据后文“has been interpreted and redefined throughout history and across various cultures”可知，这里描述的是“美”这一事物在不同时间和文化背景下的定义变化，所以“美”是一个抽象的“概念”。“concept”意为“概念”，符合语境。故选项K。 2．考查动词的过去分词。句意：在西方文化中，尤其是在现代，苗条的身材常常被视为女性的美。结合西方现代文化的特点，“slim figure”和“beauty for women”之间存在一种认知上的关联，“be perceived as”是固定表达，意思是“被视为”，能准确表达出西方文化中人们对女性身材美的普遍认知。故选项D。 3．考查动词的过去分词。句意：这种理想可以追溯到时尚和媒体的影响。由“the influence of fashion and media”可知，这里要说明以苗条为美的审美观念和时尚、媒体影响之间存在时间上的溯源关系。“be tracked back to”是固定短语，用于表示事物的起源，恰好能体现出这种审美理想的源头。故选项I。 4．考查副词。句意：在西方历史上，白皙的皮肤曾被高度重视，因为它是财富和贵族的象征，表明一个人不必在户外阳光下劳作。根据“as it was a sign of wealth and nobility, indicating that one did not have to work outdoors in the sun”可知，在西方历史特定背景下，白皙皮肤代表着财富和贵族身份，所以受到很高程度的重视。“highly”作为副词，修饰“regarded”，表示重视的程度高。故选项C。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，近几十年来，古铜色皮肤变得越来越受欢迎，被视为健康和积极户外生活方式的象征。“tanned skin has become increasingly popular”以及“health and an active outdoor lifestyle”表明，在当下西方文化中，古铜色皮肤和健康、积极户外生活方式之间有了一种象征联系。“a symbol of”表示“……的象征”，符合这种文化认知。故选项H。 6．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，许多非洲文化有各种各样的身体美理想。通过“in contrast”可知，这里是将非洲文化和前文提到的西方文化进行对比，西方文化有特定的审美标准，而非洲文化的审美应该具有多样性。“various”意为“各种各样的”，能体现出非洲文化审美理想的丰富性。故选项E。 7．考查名词。句意：这是因为它象征着繁荣和优雅。根据“a fuller body size is considered attractive for women”和“it signifies prosperity”，结合非洲一些部落的文化背景，丰满身材除了象征繁荣，还应和一种美好的特质相关。“elegance”表示“优雅”，在这种文化中丰满身材能体现出繁荣与优雅的特质。故选项F。 8．考查动词。句意：例如，在尼日利亚和塞内加尔的部分地区，女性可能会经历特殊的仪式，食用某些食物来增加体重，为婚姻做准备，因为丰满的身材被视为妻子的理想特质。从“special rituals and consume certain foods to gain weight in preparation for marriage”可知，女性为了达到丰满身材以符合婚姻中的审美标准，会去做一些事情。“experience”有“经历”之意，“experience special rituals”即经历特殊仪式，符合女性为婚姻做准备的行为逻辑。故选项B。 9．考查名词。句意：纹身、割礼以及佩戴精致的珠宝和头饰都是增强个人美感和表达个人文化身份的方式。“unique physical markings and adornments”、“enhance one’s beauty”以及“cultural”等信息表明，非洲文化中这些独特的装饰和标记与文化相关，是用来表达个人与文化之间联系的。“cultural identity”表示“文化身份”，人们通过这些方式来彰显自己所属的文化。故选项G。 10．考查动词。句意：这些例子说明了理想身体美的概念并非普遍适用，而是每个文化的价值观和传统的反映。前文分别列举了西方和非洲文化中不同的审美例子，最后得出“the concept of ideal physical beauty is not universal but rather a reflection of the values and traditions of each culture”这一结论，说明这些例子是用来支撑这个观点的。“illustrate”意为“说明，阐明”，能准确表达出例子和结论之间的关系。故选项A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市黄浦区·期末） A．competitive    B．consequences    C． desired    D．divides E. distinguishes.  F. facilities    G. guarantee    H. guilt I. imposed    J. linked    K. transferred     What You Don’t Know about Gyms 150 minutes of exercise a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to 1 our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ hygiene standards leave much to be 2 . Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym 3 . Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be 4 to our clothing. It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated (害怕). In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and an overly 5 atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic 6 between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exercise, which leads to-little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious 7 . Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes 8 , it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling 9 at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be 10 with having a negative body image. Of course, we shouldn’t forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. 【答案】 1．G 2．C 3．F 4．K 5．A 6．E 7．B 8．I 9．H 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了健身房对健康的好处及其潜在的健康风险，包括卫生问题、有毒的健身文化以及过度锻炼带来的危害。 1．考查动词。句意：这是否意味着健身房是保证我们健康的最佳方式呢？根据句意，这里需要一个表示“保证”意思的动词，能表达健身房和健康之间的这种关系，动词“guarantee”符合语境。to后接动词原形。故填G。 2．考查形容词。句意：最近的研究表明，一些健身房常客的卫生标准远远达不到理想状态。根据后文“Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym”可知，健身房的卫生标准不达标；“leave much to be desired”是一个固定表达，意思是“差强人意；还有很多有待改进的地方”，符合语境。故填C。 3．考查名词。句意：在健身房设施的表面发现了能导致严重疾病，如食物中毒或肺炎的细菌。根据前面提到的“the surface”可推知，这里说的是健身房里设施的表面，名词facilities意为“设施，设备”，符合语境。作宾语故填F。 4．考查动词。句意：汗水和运动导致的体温升高会促使危险细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌会转移到我们的衣服上。根据“bacteria grow on the skin”和“to our clothing”可知，细菌从皮肤转移到衣服上，用“be transferred to”表示“被转移到……”，符合语境。故填K。 5．考查形容词。句意：这种被评判的感觉，以及过度竞争的氛围，可能会造成过度锻炼的压力。根据前面说的“feeling of being judged”以及“overly”可推知，可知这里需要一个表示“竞争的”形容词来描述健身房的氛围，形容词“competitive”符合要求。作表语。故填A。 6．考查动词。句意：克利夫兰诊所区分了过度劳累和过度训练。“distinguish between...and...”是固定用法，意为“区分……和……”，这里诊所对过度劳累和过度训练进行区分。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填E。 7．考查名词。句意：前者是单次过度锻炼的结果，只会导致肌肉酸痛，而后者是长期的，可能会有更严重的后果。根据前面提到过度训练是长期的，以及后面列举的一些不良情况，可知这里说的是会有更严重的“后果”，名词“consequences”符合语境。作宾语。故填B。 8．考查动词。句意：当锻炼被强制进行时，它对我们的心理健康也可能是危险的。根据常识和后文“it can also be dangerous for our mental health”可推知，强制锻炼对我们的心理健康是危险的，用动词“imposed”构成被动语态，表示“被强加于……”。故填I。 9．考查名词。句意：健康作家泰勒·利米为CNET撰稿时警告说，错过健身课程会感到内疚，或者试图用锻炼来控制我们的身体，这可能是运动依赖成为问题的迹象。根据“missed gym sessions”可推知，错过健身课程会有不好的情绪，名词“guilt”意为“内疚，愧疚”，符合这种心理感受。作表语。故填H。 10．考查动词。句意：这可能与负面的身体形象有关。“be linked with”表示“与……有关联”，这里说明运动依赖和负面身体形象之间的联系。故填J。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．chemically   B．ingredients   C． observational   D．softened   E. striking F. investigating   G. imposed    H. concentrations   I. obesity   J. objectively K. classification Scientists are learning why ultra-processed foods are bad for you For millennia, people have altered food to please their palates. More than 3,000 years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked corn kernels in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and 1 the tough outer shells of the corn, making them easier to grind. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021. In that time, 2 rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is overweight. Now concerns are growing that the heavy processing may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), a relatively recent label put forward by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist. Robert F. Kennedy junior, Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of health, has likened processed food to “poison” and promised to reduce the share of UPFs in American diets. In November 2023 Colombia 3 a tax on highly processed foods and drinks. In Britain parliamentarians are 4 the effects of UPFs on people’s health. In 2009 Dr Monteiro came up with a 5 system, called Nova, that sorts foods into four buckets depending on the degree of processing they undergo. The first group includes minimally processed foods like fruit and milk. The second covers basic 6 like butter and sugar. Next are foods like canned vegetables and bread. The last group, UPFs, represent heavily processed items like fizzy drinks, sugary cereals and frozen pizzas. These are made with ingredients not typically found in a home kitchen, such as hydrogenated oils or flavouring agents. These are 7 modified and reassembled along with additives like artificial colours to make the food more appealing. UPFs often contain higher 8 of fat, sugar and salt than processed foods, which could explain their negative effects. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many competing factors that could also explain poor health — such as income, education and social conditions — 9 studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. A better way to assess the question is with a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where researchers track a person’s food intake and control for all other variables. Participants received either ultra-processed or minimally processed foods for two weeks and were free to eat as much or as little as they wanted. The results were 10 . People on the ultra-processed diet ate about 500 more calories per day than those on the unprocessed one. They also gained an average of 1kg over two weeks. Dr Hall says that though the study was short and conducted in an artificial setting, the results suggest that excess amounts of salt, sugar and fats might be fully to blame for the ill effects of processed food. 【答案】 1．D 2．I 3．G 4．F 5．K 6．B 7．A 8．H 9．C 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们正在研究超加工食品对人体健康的危害，发现其高脂肪、糖和盐含量可能导致肥胖和其他健康问题。 1．考查动词。句意：这一过程释放了营养，软化了玉米坚硬的外壳，使其更容易研磨。空处作谓语，结合“the tough outer shells of the corn, making them easier to grind”可推知，更容易研磨说明玉米坚硬的外壳软化了，D项softened“（使）变软，软化”符合题意。故选D。 2．考查名词。句意：在此期间，肥胖率增加了两倍多；如今，全球近三分之一的人超重。空处修饰名词rates，结合“today, nearly one in three people globally is overweight”可推知，I项obesity“肥胖”符合题意，表示“肥胖率增加了两倍多”。故选I。 3．考查动词。句意：2023年11月，哥伦比亚对高度加工的食品和饮料征税。空处作谓语，结合“a tax on highly processed foods and drinks”可推知，G项imposed“征收”符合题意，表示“对高度加工的食品和饮料征税”。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：在英国，议员们正在调查超加工食品对人们健康的影响。空处和are构成谓语，结合“the effects of UPFs on people’s health”可推知，F项investigating“调查”符合题意，表示“调查超加工食品对人们健康的影响”。故选F。 5．考查名词。句意：2009年，Monteiro博士提出了一种名为Nova的分类系统，根据食品的加工程度将其分为四类。空处修饰名词system，结合“that sorts foods into four buckets depending on the degree of processing they undergo”可推知，K项classification“分类”符合题意，表示“一种名为Nova的分类系统”。故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：第二类包括黄油和糖等基本成分。空处作covers的宾语，结合“like butter and sugar”可推知，B项ingredients“成分”符合题意，表示“黄油和糖等基本成分”。故选B。 7．考查副词。句意：这些成分经过化学改性，并与人工色素等添加剂重新组合，使食品更具吸引力。空处修饰动词modified，结合上文“These are made with ingredients not typically found in a home kitchen, such as hydrogenated oils or flavouring agents.(它们由家庭厨房中通常找不到的成分制成，例如氢化油、高果糖玉米糖浆、调味剂和乳化剂)”和“along with additives like artificial colours to make the food more appealing”可推知，A项chemically“化学上地”符合题意，表示“经过化学改性”。故选A。 8．考查名词。句意：超加工食品通常比加工食品含有更高含量的脂肪、糖和盐，这可以解释它们的负面影响。空处作contain的宾语，结合“of fat, sugar and salt than processed foods”可推知，H项concentrations“浓度，含量”符合题意，表示“含有更高含量的脂肪、糖和盐”。故选H。 9．考查形容词。句意：由于存在许多可能解释健康状况不佳的竞争因素，如收入、教育和社会条件，仅靠观察性研究无法提供确切的答案。空处修饰名词studies，结合下一句中的“A better way to assess the question is with a randomized controlled trial (RCT)(评估这个问题的更好方法是随机对照试验（RCT）)”可推知，C项observational“观察性的”符合题意，表示“仅靠观察性研究无法提供确切的答案”。故选C。 10．考查形容词。句意：结果令人震惊。空处作表语，结合下一句“People on the ultra-processed diet ate about 500 more calories per day than those on the unprocessed one.(超加工饮食的人每天比未加工饮食的人多摄入约 500 卡路里)”可推知，E项striking“令人震惊的”符合题意，表示“结果令人震惊”。故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市晋元高级中学·期末） A．adaptations      B．appealing      C． concluded      D．consisting      E. displayed     F. distinct G. engage         H float           I. gaps           J. replace         K. transforming Game Designer Tries to Reinvent the Classics Scottish game designer Simon Meek’s idea of “playing through” literary classics seems ridiculous. In practice, however, his work of transforming the world's greatest literature into something on a gaming device is quite 1 from developing a new game. Meek and his company are actually creating digital 2 , works that put readers inside the scenes of a classic and ask them to 3 with the story from inside out. They want to do for the video game generation what public broadcast television did for the television generation, 4 great works of literature into something that could expand their reach. “We use a combination of original art and game engines to create some truly stunning environments. Add to that audio design, and the world of a book is brought to life, explains Meek, “On this stage, we let the player actively absorb the story.” Sections of the book’s original text will also be occasionally 5 on the screen “when words are best placed to tell the story,” he adds. In one scene in Wuthering Heights (《呼啸山庄）》), for example, players will find themselves in Catherine Linton s room. They can see everything that is described in the book, such as the furniture 6 of a chair, a wardrobe and a large wooden case. Words taken directly form the book 7 into view at the appropriate time, like “In vapid listlessness, I leant my head against the window.” Players can hear the wind outside, described in the book as howling (怒者的). Where a book leans on a reader’s imagination to fill in the 8 between the words on a page, these digital adaptations paint a complete picture. Does that mean a player won’t feel the need to go and read the original text? “We’re not looking at digital version as a way to 9 books,” says Meek. “It would be great if they inspired people to read the original text. We want our efforts to make classic stories more 10 to a modern audience and eventually open them up to new readers.” 【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．G 4．K 5．E 6．D 7．H 8．I 9．J 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰游戏设计师西蒙·米克将文学经典改编成数字游戏作品的尝试。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，在实际操作中，他将世界上最伟大的文学作品改编成游戏设备上的作品，这与开发一款新游戏截然不同。根据空前“is quite”和空后“from developing a new game”可知，此处表示将文学作品改编成游戏与开发一款新游戏截然不同，空处应用形容词distinct“有区别的”，符合语境，在句中作表语。故填F。 2．考查名词。句意：米克和他的公司实际上正在创作数字改编作品，这些作品将读者置于经典作品的场景中，并要求他们由内而外地参与故事。根据后文“works that put readers inside the scenes of a classic”可知，空处应用名词adaptation“改编作品”，表示他们正在创作数字改编作品。该名词为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填A。 3．考查动词。句意：米克和他的公司实际上正在创作数字改编作品，这些作品将读者置于经典作品的场景中，并要求他们由内而外地参与故事。根据空前“ask them to”可知，空处需要动词engage“与……建立密切关系”，表示要求他们参与故事，engage with“与……接触；参与”。故填G。 4．考查动词。句意：他们想为电子游戏一代做的事情，就像公共广播电视为电视一代所做的事情一样，将伟大的文学作品改编成能够扩大其影响力的东西。根据空前“They want to do for the video game generation what public broadcast television did for the television generation”可知，此处表示将伟大的文学作品改变成能够扩大其影响力的东西，空处需要动词transform“改变”，符合语境，此处需要现在分词作状语。故填K。 5．考查动词。句意：他补充道：“当文字最适合讲述故事时，书中的原文段落也会偶尔显示在屏幕上。”根据空前“will also be occasionally”和空后“on the screen”可知，此处表示将书中的情节显示在屏幕上，空处需要动词display“显示”，符合句意。该动词需要过去分词的形式，构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填E。 6．考查动词。句意：他们可以看到书中描述的一切，比如由一把椅子、一个衣柜和一个大木箱组成的家具。根据空前“such as the furniture”和空后“of a chair, a wardrobe and a large wooden case”可知，此处表示由一把椅子、一个衣柜和一个大木箱组成的家具，空处需要动词consist“组成”，consist of，意为“由……组成”，符合语境。此处用现在分词作后置定语。故填D。 7．考查动词。句意：书中直接引用的文字会在适当的时候浮现出来，比如“我无聊地靠在窗户上。”根据空前“Words taken directly form the book”和空后“into view at the appropriate time”可知，此处表示文字会在适当的时候浮现出来，空处需要动词float“漂浮”，float into view“浮现出来”，符合语境。空处为句子的谓语动词，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数，该动词用原形。故填H。 8．考查名词。句意：当一本书依赖于读者的想象力来填补页面上文字之间的空白时，这些数字改编作品则描绘了一幅完整的画面。根据空前“fill in the”和空后“between the words on a page”可知，此处表示填补页面上文字之间的空白，空处需要名词gap“空白”，符合句意。此处需要该名词的复数形式。故填I。 9．考查动词。句意：米克说：“我们并不把数字版本看作是取代书籍的方式。”根据空前“We’re not looking at digital version as a way to”和空后books可知，此处表示米克认为数字版本能够取代书籍，空处需要动词replace“取代”，符合句意。故填J。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们希望我们的努力能让经典故事对现代观众更有吸引力，并最终吸引新的读者。根据空前“make classic stories more”和空后“to a modern audience”可知，此处表示通过努力让经典故事对现代观众更有吸引力，空处需要形容词appealing“吸引人的”，符合句意，在句中作宾语补足语。故填B。 主题03 人与自然——自然探索与生态环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．B 4．G 5．F 6．J 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 1．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，此处使用副词critically“关键地，严重地”，several critically是省略后的附加语，完整形式为several [populations are] critically [endangered]。使用副词critically是因为需要修饰形容词endangered，构成critically endangered(极度濒危)这一固定搭配。故选K项。 3．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 5．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 6．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 7．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 9．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 10．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．I 5．C 6．K 7．A 8．J 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 1．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 3．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 4．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 6．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 7．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 8．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 10．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会——社会服务与人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） A．acclaim   B．especially   C． demonstrating   D．grand   E. glimpse    F. conveyed G. mostly   H. declined   I. universal   J. creative   K. acknowledged The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a poetic dance demonstration of the beauty of traditional Chinese art by the China Oriental Performing Arts Group, was performed at the San Diego Civic Theatre on New Year’s Eve. More than 2,000 people attended the production on Tuesday night, which has been greeted with widespread 1 since its release in 2021. The performance received a standing welcome, with actors taking 10 curtain calls(谢幕) to thunderous applause. “It’s a feast for the eyes and the soul,” says one of the attendees, who 2 to be named. "Even without dialogue, the dancers perfectly 3 the essence of Chinese landscape painting through body language, giving us a unique 4 into Chinese art." Poetic dance is a form of contemporary Chinese performance that combines dance and poetry to tell a story, while exploring the relationship between the two art forms. The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting is about Wang Ximeng, a young Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) painter, whose A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains(千里江山图) is widely 5 to be one of the most important paintings in the history of Chinese art. His story is told through the perspective of a contemporary researcher. The 11-meter scroll painting, which is now part of the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, is a record of the life and landscapes of the time, and mixes realism with imagination. In a fusion of virtual and physical spaces, the painting unfolds onstage, linking the thousand-year-old master painter with contemporary artists, as well as the arts of painting and dance. “This production transcends language barriers,” says Zhou Liya, co-chief director of the production. “Foreign spectators can appreciate its essence through the language of movement. Art is the 6 language that connects across borders." Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen shared their thoughts on the 7 concepts and performance techniques behind the production with artists at a dance school in San Diego on Monday, 8 the integration of traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern stagecraft. Since its premiere in 2021, the production has been performed 650 times, 9 in China, but also in Singapore and Russia. The New Year’s Eve performance was its first in the United States, where it will tour later this year, and marked the 10 finale of the show's 2024 international run. In October, the show was turned into a movie, and the soundtrack has been performed in a series of concerts. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．motive   B．resources   C． source   D．contributors   E. interpreted F. enthusiastic   G. exclusive   H. reflections   I. vary   J. negotiated K. shocking Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 1 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 2 — we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 3 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target! For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 4 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 5 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits. But despite the profit 6 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 7 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book. Many celebrities are less 8 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this?” If the value that publishers bring to authors can 9 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 10 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·上海市崇明中学·期末） A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 1 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 2 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 3 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 4 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 5 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 6 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 7 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 8 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 9 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 10 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市松江区·期末） A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly     G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） A．forms  B．present  C． reflected  D．direction  E. works F. dates  G. amazing  H. respect  I. key  J. former  K. factors China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main 1 has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 2 back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells (壳) on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be 3 in today’ s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different 4 , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang unified (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5 . That writing system was 6 to connecting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s 7 is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic 8 written by the Chinese in ancient times. The high 9 for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10 language. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市上海市嘉定区·期末） A．released    B．maintain    C． equal    D．actually    E. recommendations F. allowing    G. individual    H. totals    I. limited    J. added K. controlled Drink Up - Hydrating beverages (补水饮料) that aren’t water Our bodies are about 60% water and if we don’t get enough to drink, we can suffer extreme tiredness and headaches. So how much water do we need to drink each day? People used to believe everyone should drink 8 glasses of water a day, but experts say current research supports paying attention to your 1 needs — which can vary from day to day. Generally, the average adult male requires about 13 cups of water a day, while the average female needs just over 8 cups. On some days, though — when it’s hot or you’re working out or taking certain medicines — you may need more. If those 2 sound like way too much water for your taste, don’t worry. You don’t have to drink that much, and it doesn’t have to be all water. You 3 can sometimes replace plain water with these drinks: COFFEE That’s right, coffee. A 2014 U.K. study measured the body water of subjects in two groups: one that drank 4 cups of coffee a day and the other a(n) 4 amount of water. When the amount of food intake and exercise is 5 , researchers found no significant difference in body-water levels. There is no reason that coffee can’t count toward your daily water 6 . Try to limit yourself to 3 or 4 cups max, though, to stay within healthy limits. MILK In a 2015 study 7 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, British researchers found that cows’ milk, both full-fat and skim, can provide humans with more water. That’s because it takes longer to digest than water, 8 the body to absorb more. Milk also supplies other nutrients that most of us need more of. JUICE Fruit and vegetable juices with no 9 sugar are an excellent source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which can reduce infection and help prevent age-related diseases. Natural sugars contained in juice digest more slowly than processed sugar, helping to 10 your metabolism (新陈代谢). Orange juice is slightly more hydrating than water, according to a 2015 British study. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市长宁区区·期末） A．appetite       B．affected          C． secured         D．strays        E. offence   F. punishable G. fans           H. balancing      I. making         J. grieving        K. retrieve Politicians are competing in an animal-welfare arms race. Michael Jackson had a chimpanzee. Justin Bieber had a capuchin, until it was seized by German customs officials. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey. The trio of stars would find few 1 in the British government, which proposed new restrictions on keeping primates as pets. Britain’s animal-welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world. Wild animals in travelling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public 2 for parades of elephants and tigers 3 on stools had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban took effect, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain, 4 up a sad little zoo of six reindeer, four camels, four zebras, two racoons, a zebu, a macaw and a fox. However, new laws offer more political advantages. Politicians are only too happy to give full rein to the nation’s passion for animals, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In last year’s election, the Conservative Party promised to help councils reunite 5 with their owners by making it mandatory to microchip cats. The Labour Party, on the other hand, promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants. James Daly, a Member of Parliament, has proposed “Gizmo’s Law”, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was cremated (火化) without its owner’s knowledge. The law would oblige councils that 6 dead animals from the roadside to reunite the victims with their 7 owners rather than being anonymously cremated. One of the most popular proposals, which have 8 more than 250,000 signatures in the petitions, is a new 9 of pet theft, which would recognise that dognapping feels more like the abduction (绑架) of a child than the theft of a television. Stealing a pet is already 10 by up to seven years in prison under the Theft Act, and judges can already account for the emotional distress when passing sentence. Still, it could be just the thing for the next manifesto (宣言). Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．partially offset by D．shrinking G. strengthening B．strongly suggestive of E. specialization H. attenuation C． seemingly unrelated to F. capacity I. responsiveness Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市青浦区·期末） A．houses  B．approaching  C． appear  D．talent  E. exclusively F. lowered  G. hiding  H. limits  I. dramatically  J. natural  K. sensitive Dolphin Senses New research involving trained dolphins seems to further prove that these animals can sense electricity. The 1 may allow them to better lock onto hidden fish hunted and direct the path. The ability to sense electric fields is known as electroreception(电感受). All animals produce a weak electric field, but electroreception has almost 2 been found in water creatures. About a decade ago, scientists published research suggesting that some dolphins have passive electroreception. And in 2021, researchers in Germany released their own study finding that dolphins likely have it, too. This new research is a follow-up to that latter study by the same team—one intended to better describe the 3 of electroreception in bottlenose dolphins. The researchers teamed up with scientists from the Nuremberg Zoo, which currently 4 six dolphins. They specifically worked with two bottlenose dolphins named Donna and Dolly. They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 5 them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 6 the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity. The findings further prove that bottlenose dolphins can indeed sense electricity, but suggest that some dolphins are better at it than others. Donna, for instance, was a bit more 7 and able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly. The electroreception found in dolphins doesn’t 8 to be as strong as it is in the typical shark, but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish 9 underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away. Other studies have suggested that dolphins also possess a sense that acts as a sort of 10 GPS for them. So these dolphins’ electroreception might provide an explanation for that ability as well, Huttner said. 主题01 人与社会——社会文化、科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市浦东新区·期末） A．illustrate           B．experience           C． highly           D．perceived E. various            F. elegance             G. identity           H. symbol I. tracked             J. calmly               K. concept When it comes to physical beauty, different cultures have their own unique ideals that are shaped by a variety of factors, including history, geography, religion, and social norms. Beauty is a 1 that has been interpreted and redefined throughout history and across various cultures. In Western cultures, especially in modern times, a slim figure has often been 2 as beauty for women. This ideal can be 3 back to the influence of fashion and media. Models and celebrities with slender bodies are frequently featured in magazines, advertisements, and on the runway, setting a standard that many strive to achieve. Pale or fair skin was once 4 regarded in Western history, as it was a sign of wealth and nobility, indicating that one did not have to work outdoors in the sun. However, in recent decades, tanned skin has become increasingly popular, seen as a 5 of health and an active outdoor lifestyle. In contrast, many African cultures have 6 ideals of physical beauty. In some tribes, a fuller body size is considered attractive for women. This is because it signifies prosperity and 7 . For instance, in parts of Nigeria and Senegal, women may 8 special rituals and consume certain foods to gain weight in preparation for marriage, as a plump body is seen as a desirable trait in a wife. In addition, some African cultures value unique physical markings and adornments (装饰品). Tattoos, scarification, and the wearing of elaborate jewelry and headdresses are all ways to enhance one’s beauty and express one’s cultural 9 . These examples 10 that the concept of ideal physical beauty is not universal but rather a reflection of the values and traditions of each culture. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市黄浦区·期末） A．competitive    B．consequences    C． desired    D．divides E. distinguishes.  F. facilities    G. guarantee    H. guilt I. imposed    J. linked    K. transferred     What You Don’t Know about Gyms 150 minutes of exercise a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to 1 our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ hygiene standards leave much to be 2 . Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym 3 . Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be 4 to our clothing. It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated (害怕). In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and an overly 5 atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic 6 between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exercise, which leads to-little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious 7 . Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes 8 , it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling 9 at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be 10 with having a negative body image. Of course, we shouldn’t forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） A．chemically   B．ingredients   C． observational   D．softened   E. striking F. investigating   G. imposed    H. concentrations   I. obesity   J. objectively K. classification Scientists are learning why ultra-processed foods are bad for you For millennia, people have altered food to please their palates. More than 3,000 years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked corn kernels in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and 1 the tough outer shells of the corn, making them easier to grind. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021. In that time, 2 rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is overweight. Now concerns are growing that the heavy processing may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), a relatively recent label put forward by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist. Robert F. Kennedy junior, Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of health, has likened processed food to “poison” and promised to reduce the share of UPFs in American diets. In November 2023 Colombia 3 a tax on highly processed foods and drinks. In Britain parliamentarians are 4 the effects of UPFs on people’s health. In 2009 Dr Monteiro came up with a 5 system, called Nova, that sorts foods into four buckets depending on the degree of processing they undergo. The first group includes minimally processed foods like fruit and milk. The second covers basic 6 like butter and sugar. Next are foods like canned vegetables and bread. The last group, UPFs, represent heavily processed items like fizzy drinks, sugary cereals and frozen pizzas. These are made with ingredients not typically found in a home kitchen, such as hydrogenated oils or flavouring agents. These are 7 modified and reassembled along with additives like artificial colours to make the food more appealing. UPFs often contain higher 8 of fat, sugar and salt than processed foods, which could explain their negative effects. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many competing factors that could also explain poor health — such as income, education and social conditions — 9 studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. A better way to assess the question is with a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where researchers track a person’s food intake and control for all other variables. Participants received either ultra-processed or minimally processed foods for two weeks and were free to eat as much or as little as they wanted. The results were 10 . People on the ultra-processed diet ate about 500 more calories per day than those on the unprocessed one. They also gained an average of 1kg over two weeks. Dr Hall says that though the study was short and conducted in an artificial setting, the results suggest that excess amounts of salt, sugar and fats might be fully to blame for the ill effects of processed food. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市晋元高级中学·期末） A．adaptations      B．appealing      C． concluded      D．consisting      E. displayed     F. distinct G. engage         H float           I. gaps           J. replace         K. transforming Game Designer Tries to Reinvent the Classics Scottish game designer Simon Meek’s idea of “playing through” literary classics seems ridiculous. In practice, however, his work of transforming the world's greatest literature into something on a gaming device is quite 1 from developing a new game. Meek and his company are actually creating digital 2 , works that put readers inside the scenes of a classic and ask them to 3 with the story from inside out. They want to do for the video game generation what public broadcast television did for the television generation, 4 great works of literature into something that could expand their reach. “We use a combination of original art and game engines to create some truly stunning environments. Add to that audio design, and the world of a book is brought to life, explains Meek, “On this stage, we let the player actively absorb the story.” Sections of the book’s original text will also be occasionally 5 on the screen “when words are best placed to tell the story,” he adds. In one scene in Wuthering Heights (《呼啸山庄）》), for example, players will find themselves in Catherine Linton s room. They can see everything that is described in the book, such as the furniture 6 of a chair, a wardrobe and a large wooden case. Words taken directly form the book 7 into view at the appropriate time, like “In vapid listlessness, I leant my head against the window.” Players can hear the wind outside, described in the book as howling (怒者的). Where a book leans on a reader’s imagination to fill in the 8 between the words on a page, these digital adaptations paint a complete picture. Does that mean a player won’t feel the need to go and read the original text? “We’re not looking at digital version as a way to 9 books,” says Meek. “It would be great if they inspired people to read the original text. We want our efforts to make classic stories more 10 to a modern audience and eventually open them up to new readers.” 主题03 人与自然——自然探索与生态环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $