专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，全国通用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·广东东莞·期末） Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a nice surprise. But when it comes to who will send the message first to get reconnected, most people just can’t make up their mind. According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. The study has also provided helpful suggestions on picking up old friendships. The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. As the findings showed, over 90 percent of them said that they could think of a long-lost friend and would like to speak with him again. However, when they were asked to send a message, only about one out of ten actually did. “We all know that trying to change people’s minds might not be the best practice,” says Nora Marshal, lead researcher of the study. “Instead of changing people’s minds, we needed to change their behavior.” The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones. Then, everyone was asked to write and send a message to an old friend. The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. By contrast, only 11 percent of those watching videos reached out to an old friend. So why is getting old friends reconnected difficult and we need to practise some warm-ups first? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers. That is why people feel worried about reconnecting. “We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” 8．What does the new study show? A．People are afraid to lose their old friends. B．People seldom hear from their old friends. C．People are unwilling to pick up their old friendship. D．People usually don’t dare to contact old friends first. 9．How did the researchers get the findings? A．By carrying out a survey. B．By discussing with 530 people. C．By teaming up with other groups. D．By comparing people’s minds and behavior. 10．What is the key step of the new strategy? A．Changing people’s minds. B．Reading some warm-up messages. C．Watching videos related to friendship. D．Contacting present friends to warm up. 11．What is Nora Marshal’s suggestion for us? A．Appreciate your friend’s efforts. B．Be brave to reach out to strangers. C．Feel free to reconnect our old friends. D．Consider carefully before taking action. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东清远·期末） Deep neural (神经的) networks are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) designed to copy how the human brain processes information. However, understanding how these networks make decisions has long been a difficult challenge. Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. Their findings aim to reinforce AI accuracy and safety. Similar to how humans solve confusing problems step by step, deep neural networks process information through different layers. The first layer, called the input layer, collects data. The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. Deeper layers combine these characters to recognize more difficult patterns, such as telling between a cat and a dog, much like similar pieces to form a complete image “However, these hidden layers are like a locked black box: we see the input and output, but what is happening inside is not clear,” says Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, an associate Professor. “This becomes a serious problem when AI makes mistakes. Understanding how it comes to its decision is key to ensuring it’s worth trusting.” In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. The k * distribution method helps researchers, and even lawmakers, assess (评估) how AI organizes and classifies information. This not only supports the legal processes needed to safely apply AI to daily life but also offers valuable insights into how AI “thinks”. 8．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean in paragraph 1? A．Explore. B．Strengthen. C．Arrange. D．Remove. 9．What’s the function of hidden layers? A．Tell different images. B．Solve hard problems. C．Deliver right information D．Conduct analysis on data 10．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The k * distribution method’s advantages. B．The k * distribution method’s applied fields C．The k * distribution method’s value in science. D．The k * distribution method’s working principle. 11．In which section of a newspaper will this text appear? A．Technology. B．Nature. C．Society. D．Literature. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东深圳外国语学校·期末） An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities, researchers found in a primary study. Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures. Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes (电极). This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems, avoiding the use of surgeries,” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool, also known as a language model, to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages. The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers. In these databases, participants listened to various stories and sentences, while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) (脑磁图). Then with the help of a computational method that helps account for physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities. Using MEG, the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses, the researchers found. “The new study is the decoding of speech recognition, not production,” King agrees. “Though speech production is the final goal, for now, we're quite a long way away.” 28．Whom might the AI benefit? A．People unable to read. B．People who are unconscious. C．People who can't move around. D．People unable to communicate normally. 29．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The purpose of the AI. B．The significance of the AI. C．The advantage of the AI. D．The working principle of the AI. 30．What does the AI require to make its prediction? A．Speech production. B．Top ten guesses. C．Patterns of brain activity. D．Disabled volunteers. 31．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Way to Decode Speech B．The Employment of MEG Technology C．An Advance in Artificial Intelligence D．A Solution to Communication Problems Passage 4 （24-25高一上·吉林合作体·期末） Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life. Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work. The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter. Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition. Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods. “Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem." 28．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The citizens' life. B．The city's reputation. C．The city's management. D．The benefits of technology. 29．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program? A．They faced many technical obstacles. B．They couldn't serve all residents well. C．They were not supported by residents. D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed. 30．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with? A．Maximizing the benefits of technology. B．Mixing approaches for solving problems. C．Giving full play to the power of residents. D．Letting tech companies be a leading role. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Smart City: More Than Just Tech B．A City with Intelligent Facilities C．Joint-effort in City Construction D．The Modernization of a City Passage 5 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州学军中学·期末） Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive. A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too. Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don’t print as many copies. And UNC’s The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget. Considering the problems in journalism, it’s surprising that the enrollment (注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. “But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has,” she says. But journalism educators wonder, “Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?” Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today’s jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism. The news isn’t all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, “When I look at 18–and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I’m optimistic.” Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism “comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information.” 8．What mainly contributes to the challenges for today’s journalists? A．More printed newspapers are in great need. B．The newsroom jobs are decreasing worldwide. C．Online newspapers take the place of printed ones. D．Online media platforms are developing quickly. 9．What does the underlined word “bleak” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Depressing. B．Interesting. C．Inspiring. D．Encouraging. 10．How do some universities respond to today’s journalism? A．They reduce student enrollment. B．They offer students specialized programs. C．They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs. D．They encourage students to run their own newspaper. 11．Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show people’s positive attitudes to journalists. B．To prove the potential of a career in journalism. C．To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel. D．To prove people’s thirst for the latest news. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东深圳外国语·期末） Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable is more than just a metaphor (隐喻). Climate change is becoming one of the biggest threats to frogs and other amphibians, according to a major study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction. The spread of disease among frogs and the destruction of their habitats have long been recognized as reasons why many amphibians are decreasing. But this new study establishes climate change as a major risk for amphibians around the world, too. The soft-skinned animals lack the fur and feathers to help adjust their temperature in this hotter and more drought-stricken world. Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group. Luckily, habitat protection and other conservation measures have been taken to help recover more than five dozen amphibians from Costa Rica to Malaysia. “It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.” 32．How is the topic introduced? A．By listing facts. B．By explaining ideas. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 33．What is the main reason for the decrease of amphibians according to the new study? A．The spread of disease. B．The loss of habitats. C．The rise of temperature. D．The lack of feathers. 34．What will happen if the number of amphibians decreases? A．The food chain will be destroyed. B．Wolves will depend more on insects. C．Predators will be the key role of the web. D．The ecosystem will become more diverse. 35．How does Luedtke feel about the future of amphibians? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncertain. D．Curious. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末） On an early winter morning, a small group of students and tourists were taking pictures of the horses with their phones. These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained and they are the fruits of one of the most successful ever wildlife reintroduction plans of Hustai National Park. “Horses are key to our culture. Everyone is glad to have them back,” says Dashpurev with a smile, who is in charge of Hustai National Park. Once hunted to extinction in the wild in the 1960s, Przewalski’s horses now number nearly 1,000, at three sites across Mongolia, as well as in China and Kazakhstan. The largest population — numbering 423 — is in central Mongolia’s Hustai National Park. These horses are descendants (后代) of 84 animals that were airlifted from European zoos in the 1990s. “Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev. Now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has downgraded Przewalski’s horse from “critically endangered” to “endangered”, marking a significant milestone in their recovery. However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species. Besides hunting, the climate emergency is putting more pressure. Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals. Faced with this crisis, the government has taken actions to protect wild areas. In 1998, Mongolia promised to protect 30% of its territory by 2030 — a goal adopted by 100 other countries in 2021. So far it is on 21%. Last year, the president launched a drive to plant 1 billion trees by 2030 and tough fines have had success in stopping illegal hunting. Yet these efforts are hamstrung (妨碍) by a lack of funding. “The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.” 8．Why are these horses unique according to the passage? A．They are airlifted from European zoos. B．They are successfully introduced species. C．They are the only true wild horse species. D．They can only be photographed in Mongolia. 9．What was the public’s attitude towards saving these horses before the reintroduction? A．Relieved. B．Supportive. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. 10．Why is the climate emergency mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To introduce the reasons for wildlife extinction. B．To explain its influence on wildlife in Mongolia. C．To stress the challenges facing wildlife protection. D．To express the author’s feelings about the extinction. 11．What does Buuveibaatar imply in the last paragraph? A．Hustai National Park provides a positive model. B．The government’s focus should be the economy. C．Other countries can help by following the footsteps. D．The Przewalski’s horse is the only one worth saving. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏锡山高级中学·期末） To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds. Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast. Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 percent — climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 percent population loss between 2001 and 2010. Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms. While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return. 8．What is an ice sheet according to the passage? A．It is an ice world for animals to live on. B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. C．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. D．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. 9．The melting of ice sheets brings about the following effects EXCEPT . A．a longer distance to search for food B．a decrease in animal population C．a larger amount of snowfall D．the release of more diseases 10．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. B．The ice cap will first disappear in Greenland. C．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. D．The Greenland Ice sheet will be the first to disappear. 11．What could be the best title for this passage? A．Changes of Sea Levels B．Ice, Sea and Animals C．Greenland and Antarctica D．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets 主题03 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东湛江·期末） Whenever visiting a museum, in addition to appreciating the wisdom in these historical books, Song Jing also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. This “book doctor” has been working in the restoration (修复) department for ancient books for eight years. After finishing studies course at Peking University in 2015, she has been worked in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relics. At the moment, Song is working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408 in the Ming Dynasty. Accepting the challenge, Song and her colleagues spent six months researching and deciding on how to repair the books. “Most books from Yongle Dadian have suffered damage to their original binding,” Song said. “To restore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources,” she explained. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to choose the suitable materials to use. As technology has improved, they can use a new method through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as restoration still needs necessary hand-on skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. The restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not controlled well during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stay,” Song explained. Because of the tough and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “I am glad that I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong love in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 8．What does Song Jing do as a “book doctor”? A．Repairs old books. B．Writes historical books. C．Appreciates cultural heritage. D．Collects information about historical events. 9．What can we learn about Yongle Dadian from paragraph 2? A．It is not in good shape. B．It is a music book of Ming Dynasty. C．Its restoration work has been finished. D．It takes about six months to repair the books. 10．Which of the following words best describe Song Jing? A．Patient and outgoing. B．Devoted and skillful. C．Generous and curious. D．Smart and warm-hearted. 11．What does Song think of her job according to the last paragraph? A．Tough. B．Boring. C．Well-paid. D．Meaningful. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末） During evenings spent with her crafting (手工艺) group, Kate Smith has produced a host of lovely pieces: hand-made bags, summer dresses, and even jewellery. But the thing she’s most proud of creating is a group of close friends that value each other’s company. The four members of the group, Smith, Ratnett, Jenny and Clark, whose children were of the similar ages, first met at the school gate in the village of Marshfield. Later Smith ran a shop called Makery, selling craft materials and running in-store workshops. When the four got chatting, it turned out that they all showed interest in crafting and had all popped into the shop at one time or another. From then on, they have been meeting regularly to get crafty, taking it in turns to host at home. During their craft nights, the group will either work on their own projects or deal with a craft task together. Everyone will bring something delicious to eat, always Clark’s famous homemade bread, sometimes chocolates or a bottle of prosecco. But although all four women love to get their craft on, the real highlight of the evening is the chance to catch up. “We’ll give each other a big hug when we see each other,” says Smith. “Sometimes we’ll have a lot going on at home, but at our crafting evenings we can just let it all out. We don’t have to pretend everything is all right. I get a huge sense of comfort from asking their opinions on things, and we love sharing and learning new skills together. It’s a safe space filled with lovely people, and just really therapeutic (治愈的).” With Clark due to move back to her native New Zealand in November, the group plans to meet as regularly as they can in the run-up, and continue their meetings via video call once she’s overseas. As Christmas approaches, they’re also planning to keep up their crafting traditions. 24．What does Smith take greatest pride in about her crafting group? A．The creation of beautiful craftwork. B．The chance to improve crafting skills. C．The close relationship among friends. D．The lifelong company of the members. 25．What brought the four members together in Makery? A．Their children of similar ages. B．Their shared interest in crafting. C．Their common habit in shopping. D．Their idea of running workshops. 26．What is the best part of the crafting evenings? A．Supporting each other. B．Enjoying delicious food. C．Improving new art skills. D．Working on their project. 27．Which of the following is the group’s future plan? A．They will move together soon. B．They will meet every Christmas. C．They will travel to New Zealand. D．They will keep their traditions alive. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末） Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 12．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 13．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 14．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏常州·期末） In a world that often stresses physical appearance, it’s important not to concern ourselves with external beauty or ugliness. True beauty and strength lie within. Our focus on outward looks can lead to self-doubt and insecurity. For instance, many people feel sad when they don’t match the perfect images (形象) presented in the media. They might fight for an unachievable standard of beauty, frequently comparing themselves to others. However, this often leaves us empty and dissatisfied. Inner strength, on the other hand, enables us to face life’s challenges with courage and resilience (恢复力). It gives us the ability to bear hardships and come out of failures. A person like Malala Yousafzai, who fought for girls’ education despite facing great danger, shows that a strong and beautiful heart is more important than appearance. A person with a strong and beautiful heart is kind, empathetic (有同理心的), and generous. They focus on building meaningful relationships and having a positive influence on the world around them. They don’t let the opinions of others about their appearance affect them. Instead, they draw confidence from their values and character. Consider the volunteers in local charities. They give their time and love selflessly, not worried by their outward looks but rather the warmth they can bring. Even in daily life, simple acts like helping an elderly cross the street or comforting a sad friend show the beauty within. Rather than spending a large amount of time and energy on perfecting our looks, we should focus on self-improvement and self-reflection. We can read, learn new skills, and take part in activities that nourish (滋养) our souls. By doing so, we will discover a beauty that is far more lasting and satisfying than any external charm. Let’s remember that it’s our inner selves that truly matter and have the power to change not only our lives but also the lives of those we touch. 12．What can be inferred about the role of the media in relation to self-awareness from this article? A．It helps people build a realistic self-image. B．It promotes a healthy focus on inner beauty. C．It may contribute to unrealistic beauty standards. D．It has no important effect on how people view themselves. 13．Why does the author mention Malala Yousafzai and volunteers? A．As an example of inner beauty. B．As an example different from volunteers in charities. C．To show the importance of girls’ education. D．To show the power of changing one’s life. 14．What writing technique is used in this article in order to express the main point of view? A．Exaggeration (夸张). B．Metaphor (暗喻). C．Contrast (对比). D．Personification (拟人). 15．Which of the following would he the best title for the article? A．True Beauty: The strength Hard to Achieve. B．From Within: The True Beauty of a Person. C．Self-improvement: The Way to Nourish Our Soul. D．Difficult to Judge: The True Meaning of Inner Beauty. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州西湖区·期末） In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 8．What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A．They launched a peace campaign. B．They discussed a planned nuclear test. C．They spread an immortal peace slogan. D．They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 9．What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A．Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B．They both associated the color green with their leaders. C．Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D．They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 10．What can be inferred according to the text? A．The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B．Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C．Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D．Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 11．How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A．Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B．Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C．The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D．The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末） With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out the penguin groups in photos. Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 12．Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A．To collect the photos from tourists. B．To follow moving paths of penguins. C．To study the photos taken by tourists. D．To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. 13．Which of the following can replace the underlined “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2? A．Identify. B．Ignore. C．Explore. D．Revise. 14．What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A．Glacier sizes. B．Location marks. C．Climate changes. D．Penguin numbers. 15．What is the text mainly about? A．3D map helps locate penguin groups. B．Adélie penguins help develop AI tools. C．Penguins show signs of climate change. D．Researchers use AI to track penguin groups. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·湖北荆州·期末） Protecting marine (海洋的) animals is crucial for the health and balance of our oceans, since they play a vital role in the marine ecosystem, serving as food sources; contributing to nutrient cycling, and maintaining biodiversity. However, human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution pose significant threats to these creatures, so effective conservation measures should be taken to change for the better. Most people know about the friendly voices of dolphins and the blue songs of humpback whales, but what about the hundreds of thousands of other creatures that live in the sea? Scientists estimate that over 100 types of marine mammals, as well as 1,000 different fish species, generate sounds. Additionally, many sea creatures produce passive sounds while eating, swimming, or crawling along the sea floor. A group of international scientists is now joining forces to create a library of all the unique sounds that animals living under the sea make. The Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds, or GLUBS, will be an open-source collection of the signature sounds created by sea creatures. The team will use existing libraries of sea sounds and expand upon these to create a more comprehensive collection. The platform will also include AI algorithms (算法) that can detect and classify different sounds, which will allow scientists to produce species distribution maps. When asked about the motivation for this project, Miles Parsons, one of the project’s leaders, pointed to the worldwide decline in biodiversity. By examining the sounds coming from bodies of water, scientists can monitor the changes in the distribution and diversity of various ecosystems. Studying the sounds could also be used to identify new species. Parsons explained that many of the world’s most extensive habitats are aquatic (水生的). GLUBS could be a great resource in helping preserve water species around the world. 12．Which of the following is true about sea creature sounds? A．It is difficult to distinguish eating sounds. B．Only 1,000 different fish species produce sounds. C．Little is known about the sounds of marine animals. D．Scientists don’t have to create sound libraries from zero. 13．How will AI be used in the library? A．It will be used to create new aquatic sounds. B．It is needed when scientists distribute maps. C．It helps manage the number of species in the sea. D．It can help sort out the different collected sounds. 14．What reason did Miles Parsons give for creating the sound library? A．Biodiversity is decreasing around the world. B．It is difficult to record the sound s of sea creatures. C．We should keep the balance and preserve the ocean. D．Fishermen could use the sounds to help them catch more fish. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A scientific research assisted by AI. B．Sounds Created by the Marine Animals. C．GLUBS: A Sound Library of the Sea. D．Sharp decline in global biodiversity. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·吉林合作体·期末） To help out important insects like bees and butterflies, bus stops across UK are getting living roofs. Small gardens on bus shelter roofs are being planted with flowers chosen to help support the struggling insects. Humans depend on bees and other “pollinators (授粉者)” like butterflies to help grow plants, such as flowers and trees. But with humans taking over more and more land for cities, roads and farms, more natural areas have disappeared. The Wildlife Trusts, a group which works to protect wildlife in the UK, says that the insect numbers there have dropped by 50% since 1970. Bee bus stops are a small step toward supporting these important insects. The advertising company Clear Channel is working with The Wildlife Trusts and city governments to set up bee bus stops in cities across the UK. Bee bus stops are like ordinary bus shelters, but small gardens have been added to the roofs to attract bees and butterflies. The company plans to set up 1,000 bee bus stops in the UK. Clear Channel already has bee bus stop programs in several countries in Europe. In the Netherlands, the city of Utrecht has 300 bee bus stops. Research shows that these bus stops— along with many other steps taken to support pollinators — may be helping. After decades of dropping numbers, bee populations in the Netherlands seem to have become more stable over the last few years. The little gardens can also help to slightly lower city temperatures. Even though the bus shelter gardens are small, together they add up to a much larger area. Thirzah McSherry, who works for The Wildlife Trusts, says, “We’re living through a nature and climate crisis and we need to use every tool we’ve got to deal with it.” 32．Why are bee bus stop gardens being built in the UK? A．To beautify the city. B．To improve city farming. C．To protect the environment. D．To provide shelters for pollinating insects. 33．What leads to the insect numbers dropping sharply in England? A．Losses of forests. B．Climate changes. C．Human activities. D．Natural disasters. 34．How does the author show the positive effect of the bee bus stop programs? A．By analyzing the data. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving examples. D．By doing an experiment. 35．What is the text mainly about? A．UK is building more bee bus stops. B．The city environment is getting worse. C．City should build more gardens for the insects. D．The bee bus stop is the best way to save the city. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can cat. 12．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 14．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change 主题03 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东湛江·期末） When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 12．What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A．Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B．The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C．The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D．22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 13．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 14．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 15．What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A．Make better use of gestures. B．Teach listening in a systematic way. C．Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D．Do some scientific researches on teaching. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏常州·期末） A sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle eventually does harm to health but breaking out of long inactivity can be discouraging. Now, however, there may be a simple way to ease into more activity. A recent study suggests that short bouts (一阵) of intense (高强度的) activity every day — climbing stairs, carrying a heavy load of things, or stepping up the pace of housework — can provide great health benefits. “It’s quite simple, but it’s not an idea that’s out there,” says University of Sydney exercise scientist Emmanuel Stamatakis who led the research. “Many people, including many health professionals, still think of physical activity as something that you do during your free time, and you need to go somewhere to do it.” Stamatakis and his colleagues, on the other hand, wanted to understand if daily life activities done somewhat vigorously in short bouts could also provide health benefits compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle. To study this, his team used data from nearly 25, 000 adults who were non-exercisers. Without these data, it was almost impossible to continue the study. Over the course of seven days, they used machine learning tools to determine whether a person was either sedentary, standing, walking, or doing intense activities like running during repeated 10-second windows. The researchers also divided any movement into light, middle, or high intensity. Then, for the next seven years, they recorded which study participants died and what caused the death. The team found that people who did at least four one-to-two-minute high intensity physical activities every day had a nearly 40 percent less risk of dying from cancer and a roughly 49 percent ower chance of dying from a cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. More bouts of such strong activity meant greater protection from death risks, Stamatakis says, “The more, the better.” 8．What did the recent study find? A．An inactive lifestyle is harmful but hard to change. B．More physical exercises can make you more active. C．Doing daily housework is also a kind of exercise. D．Daily short but intense activities do good to health. 9．What does the underlined word “vigorously” most probably mean? A．Energetically. B．Continuously. C．Frequently. D．Creatively. 10．Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5? A．Research purposes. B．Research limitations. C．Research findings. D．Research methods. 11．What would Stamatakis suggest? A．Going to exercise at fixed time and place. B．Avoiding movement of light intensity. C．Doing only 8 minutes intense activity every day. D．Carrying out more short bouts of intense activity. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏锡山高级中学·期末） My daughters are lovely and attractive. The 4-year-old has big blue eyes and always wears a smile. The 7-year-old’s long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys’ heads. I love everything about these girls, and they know it. But I try not to tell them they’re beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent when it comes to the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery, diets, “feeling fat” models or eating disorders. We adults know all too much about such things and in the face of this distorted reality we tend to start telling our girls, as soon and often as possible, how beautiful they are. I know this is wonderfully well-intentioned, and that we want to raise our girls’ confidence from the very start. Here’s the thing, though. We might think we’re building our daughters up by telling them that they are beautiful to us no matter what, but what we’re also doing is bringing the beauty pressure home to our littlest girls. The more I talk about beauty and looks, even in a positive way, the more I’ m conveying the importance of those things. However, it doesn’t mean I don’t praise my girls. Instead of saying “You look beautiful!” I might say the more specific “Don’t you look fancy today!” or “Those colors go so well together.” It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls, but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in charge of how they look. Naturally, I buy most of my girls’ clothes. But I don’t usually manage their outfit choices. My daughters can go girly with necklaces, or they can choose to give up dresses altogether. Of course we’ve seen some mismatching, but they own those styles. They never ask if they look pretty, and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what I or anyone else will say about how they look. And that’s the spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood. 16．What do the author’s two daughters have in common? A．Both like to smile. B．Both have blond hair. C．Both like strawberries. D．Both have big blue eyes. 17．Why is the author unwilling to tell her girls that they are beautiful? A．She expects them to face reality. B．She wants them to find it themselves. C．She doesn’t want them to focus on looks. D．She doesn’t think they can understand it. 18．How does the author treat her daughters? A．She avoids praising them. B．She treats them as her little dolls. C．She is particular about their clothes. D．She pays attention to their unique styles. 19．What can be learned about the author’s daughters? A．They are highly dependent. B．They are really confident. C．They tend to take advice from their mother. D．They have a good taste in dressing themselves. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·广东东莞·期末） Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a nice surprise. But when it comes to who will send the message first to get reconnected, most people just can’t make up their mind. According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. The study has also provided helpful suggestions on picking up old friendships. The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. As the findings showed, over 90 percent of them said that they could think of a long-lost friend and would like to speak with him again. However, when they were asked to send a message, only about one out of ten actually did. “We all know that trying to change people’s minds might not be the best practice,” says Nora Marshal, lead researcher of the study. “Instead of changing people’s minds, we needed to change their behavior.” The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones. Then, everyone was asked to write and send a message to an old friend. The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. By contrast, only 11 percent of those watching videos reached out to an old friend. So why is getting old friends reconnected difficult and we need to practise some warm-ups first? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers. That is why people feel worried about reconnecting. “We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” 8．What does the new study show? A．People are afraid to lose their old friends. B．People seldom hear from their old friends. C．People are unwilling to pick up their old friendship. D．People usually don’t dare to contact old friends first. 9．How did the researchers get the findings? A．By carrying out a survey. B．By discussing with 530 people. C．By teaming up with other groups. D．By comparing people’s minds and behavior. 10．What is the key step of the new strategy? A．Changing people’s minds. B．Reading some warm-up messages. C．Watching videos related to friendship. D．Contacting present friends to warm up. 11．What is Nora Marshal’s suggestion for us? A．Appreciate your friend’s efforts. B．Be brave to reach out to strangers. C．Feel free to reconnect our old friends. D．Consider carefully before taking action. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们害怕联系老朋友的这种现象以及采取的措施。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. (根据一项新的研究，每个人都希望重建旧友谊，但令人惊讶的是，我们往往害怕迈出第一步)”可知，人们通常不敢先联系老朋友。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. (研究人员对近530人进行了调查)”可知，研究人员是通过进行调查得到这些发现的。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段“The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones.  (研究小组提出了一种新的策略，并通过进行“热身”练习进行了测试。一组花三分钟给他们现在的朋友发信息，而另一组花三分钟在手机上看视频。然后，每个人都被要求写信给一位老朋友。)”及第六段“The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. (练习任务被证明是成功的：62%做了热身的人确实发送了信息——比没有做热身的人多了三分之二)”可知，新策略的关键步骤是联系现在的朋友作为热身练习。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” (诺拉说：“我们建议人们不要想太多，直接按下‘发送’键就可以了。”“只要站在他们朋友的立场上，想想他们收到老朋友的便条会有多感激。)”可知，诺拉·马歇尔给我们的建议是随时可以重新联系我们的老朋友。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东清远·期末） Deep neural (神经的) networks are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) designed to copy how the human brain processes information. However, understanding how these networks make decisions has long been a difficult challenge. Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. Their findings aim to reinforce AI accuracy and safety. Similar to how humans solve confusing problems step by step, deep neural networks process information through different layers. The first layer, called the input layer, collects data. The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. Deeper layers combine these characters to recognize more difficult patterns, such as telling between a cat and a dog, much like similar pieces to form a complete image “However, these hidden layers are like a locked black box: we see the input and output, but what is happening inside is not clear,” says Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, an associate Professor. “This becomes a serious problem when AI makes mistakes. Understanding how it comes to its decision is key to ensuring it’s worth trusting.” In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. The k * distribution method helps researchers, and even lawmakers, assess (评估) how AI organizes and classifies information. This not only supports the legal processes needed to safely apply AI to daily life but also offers valuable insights into how AI “thinks”. 8．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean in paragraph 1? A．Explore. B．Strengthen. C．Arrange. D．Remove. 9．What’s the function of hidden layers? A．Tell different images. B．Solve hard problems. C．Deliver right information D．Conduct analysis on data 10．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The k * distribution method’s advantages. B．The k * distribution method’s applied fields C．The k * distribution method’s value in science. D．The k * distribution method’s working principle. 11．In which section of a newspaper will this text appear? A．Technology. B．Nature. C．Society. D．Literature. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．D 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究人员开发新方法帮助理解深度神经网络运作。 8．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. (Kyushu University的研究人员开发了一种新方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据)”及“AI accuracy and safety (人工智能的准确性和安全性)”可知，他们的发现加强人工智能的准确性和安全性，“reinforce”与选项B含义相近，意为“加强”。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. (下一层，被称为隐藏层，分阶段分析数据)”可知，隐藏层是分阶段分析数据的。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. (在这项研究中，研究人员开发了一种新的方法，称为k*分布方法。该模型通过为每个输入的数据点分配一个“k*值”来工作，该值表示到最近的不相关数据点的距离。高k*值意味着数据点分离良好(例如，猫远离任何狗)，而低k*值表明潜在的重叠(例如，狗比其他猫更接近猫)。当查看类(例如cat)中的所有数据点时，该方法生成k*值的分布，该分布提供了数据组织方式的详细图像)”可知，该段主要介绍了k*分布方法的工作原理。故选D。 11．逻辑推理题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. (Kyushu University的研究人员开发了一种新方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据)”可知，本文主要讲述了九州大学的研究人员开发了一种新的方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据，主要围绕人工智能技术展开，所以这篇文章应该出现在报纸的科技板块。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东深圳外国语学校·期末） An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities, researchers found in a primary study. Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures. Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes (电极). This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems, avoiding the use of surgeries,” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool, also known as a language model, to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages. The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers. In these databases, participants listened to various stories and sentences, while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) (脑磁图). Then with the help of a computational method that helps account for physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities. Using MEG, the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses, the researchers found. “The new study is the decoding of speech recognition, not production,” King agrees. “Though speech production is the final goal, for now, we're quite a long way away.” 28．Whom might the AI benefit? A．People unable to read. B．People who are unconscious. C．People who can't move around. D．People unable to communicate normally. 29．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The purpose of the AI. B．The significance of the AI. C．The advantage of the AI. D．The working principle of the AI. 30．What does the AI require to make its prediction? A．Speech production. B．Top ten guesses. C．Patterns of brain activity. D．Disabled volunteers. 31．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Way to Decode Speech B．The Employment of MEG Technology C．An Advance in Artificial Intelligence D．A Solution to Communication Problems 【答案】28．D 29．D 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项新研究指出人工智能可以以惊人的准确性从大脑活动中解码语音，最终帮助世界各地成千上万无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures.(Facebook的母公司Meta开发的人工智能最终可能被用于帮助全球数千名无法通过言语、打字或手势进行交流的人)”可知，无法正常交流的人可能从AI中受益。故选D。 29．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Then with the help of a computational method that helps account for physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities.(然后，在一种有助于解释实际大脑之间物理差异的计算方法的帮助下，研究小组试图通过每个人三秒钟的大脑活动数据来解码参与者所听到的内容。该团队指示人工智能将故事录音中的语音与人工智能计算出的与人们听到的内容相对应的大脑活动模式相匹配。然后，它根据1000多种可能性，预测这个人在短时间内可能听到的内容)”可知，本段主要讲述了AI的工作原理。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the Al computed as corresponding to what people were hearing.(该团队指示AI将故事录音中的语音与AI计算出的与人们听到的内容相对应的大脑活动模式进行匹配)”可知，人工智能需要大脑活动模式才能做出预测。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard.(人工智能可以以惊人的准确度从大脑活动中解码单词和句子。只需要几秒钟的大脑活动数据，人工智能就能猜测出一个人听到了什么。)”和第二段的“Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures.(这款人工智能由Facebook的母公司Meta开发，最终可用于帮助全球成千上万无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项新研究指出人工智能可以以惊人的准确性从大脑活动中解码语音，最终帮助世界各地成千上万无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人，因此最好的题目是A选项“A New Way to Decode Speech(语音解码的新方法)”，故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·吉林合作体·期末） Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life. Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work. The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter. Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition. Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods. “Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem." 28．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The citizens' life. B．The city's reputation. C．The city's management. D．The benefits of technology. 29．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program? A．They faced many technical obstacles. B．They couldn't serve all residents well. C．They were not supported by residents. D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed. 30．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with? A．Maximizing the benefits of technology. B．Mixing approaches for solving problems. C．Giving full play to the power of residents. D．Letting tech companies be a leading role. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Smart City: More Than Just Tech B．A City with Intelligent Facilities C．Joint-effort in City Construction D．The Modernization of a City 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．B 31．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。 28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities livable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。 29．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“The complaints from the App didn’t always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs,  explains Garter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。 30．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always looking for whatever ever mix of approaches best solves the problem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。 31．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为“ 智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州学军中学·期末） Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive. A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too. Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don’t print as many copies. And UNC’s The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget. Considering the problems in journalism, it’s surprising that the enrollment (注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. “But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has,” she says. But journalism educators wonder, “Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?” Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today’s jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism. The news isn’t all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, “When I look at 18–and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I’m optimistic.” Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism “comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information.” 8．What mainly contributes to the challenges for today’s journalists? A．More printed newspapers are in great need. B．The newsroom jobs are decreasing worldwide. C．Online newspapers take the place of printed ones. D．Online media platforms are developing quickly. 9．What does the underlined word “bleak” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Depressing. B．Interesting. C．Inspiring. D．Encouraging. 10．How do some universities respond to today’s journalism? A．They reduce student enrollment. B．They offer students specialized programs. C．They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs. D．They encourage students to run their own newspaper. 11．Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show people’s positive attitudes to journalists. B．To prove the potential of a career in journalism. C．To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel. D．To prove people’s thirst for the latest news. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新闻业未来的发展与面临的挑战。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper and its reporters are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. (今天的记者面临着现代的挑战。网络媒体平台如雨后春笋般涌现。地位低下的报纸及其记者正在与金钱、技术和不信任问题作斗争)”可知，今天的记者面临的挑战主要是网络媒体平台发展迅速。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. (根据北卡罗来纳大学（UNC）的数据，全国新闻编辑室的工作岗位不到10年前的一半。)”可知，全国的新闻编辑部的工作岗位不到十年前的一半，结合第三段中的“Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only.(以纽约锡拉丘兹的学生报纸《每日橘子报》（the Daily Orange）为例：它不再是日报了。这份报纸每周只印刷三次。明年，马里兰大学的The Diamondback将只在网上开放。)”可知，学生报纸的现状堪忧，由此可知，在许多大学校园里，关于新闻的消息同样也是令人沮丧的，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“令人沮丧的”意义相近。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism. (一些大学正在采取行动。佛罗里达大学提供体育媒体课程。一些学校强调统计驱动的数据新闻。)”可知，一些大学正在采取行动，会给学生提供专门的课程。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. (Maddy Arrowood是the Daily Tar Heel的学生编辑。她说，她的经历使她对新闻事业更感兴趣，而不是更不感兴趣)”可知，马迪的经历让她对新闻事业更感兴趣，所以最后一段提到她是为了说明“新闻业的发展具有潜力”。故选B。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东深圳外国语·期末） Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable is more than just a metaphor (隐喻). Climate change is becoming one of the biggest threats to frogs and other amphibians, according to a major study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction. The spread of disease among frogs and the destruction of their habitats have long been recognized as reasons why many amphibians are decreasing. But this new study establishes climate change as a major risk for amphibians around the world, too. The soft-skinned animals lack the fur and feathers to help adjust their temperature in this hotter and more drought-stricken world. Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group. Luckily, habitat protection and other conservation measures have been taken to help recover more than five dozen amphibians from Costa Rica to Malaysia. “It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.” 32．How is the topic introduced? A．By listing facts. B．By explaining ideas. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 33．What is the main reason for the decrease of amphibians according to the new study? A．The spread of disease. B．The loss of habitats. C．The rise of temperature. D．The lack of feathers. 34．What will happen if the number of amphibians decreases? A．The food chain will be destroyed. B．Wolves will depend more on insects. C．Predators will be the key role of the web. D．The ecosystem will become more diverse. 35．How does Luedtke feel about the future of amphibians? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncertain. D．Curious. 【答案】32．C 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现气候变化在导致两栖动物数量减少，分析了两栖动物数量减少会带来的影响。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable  is more than just a metaphor (隐喻).(每个人都知道这一点：在一锅水里慢慢地给青蛙加热，青蛙不会跳出来。没有意识到热量的轻微增加，它会一直呆在那里，直到——嗯，直到它死去。当谈到全球气温上升对两栖动物的影响时，煮青蛙的寓言不仅仅是一个比喻)”可知，文章通过分享故事引入。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction.(2004年至2022年间，气温上升成为100多种两栖动物濒临灭绝的主要原因)”可知，根据这项新研究，导致两栖动物数量减少的主要原因是温度的升高。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group.(与鸟类等更知名的群体相比，青蛙和其他两栖动物受到的关注较少。但是失去两栖动物将是灾难性的，因为它们通常是生态系统食物网的关键环节，它们吞噬昆虫，反过来又被更大的捕食者吃掉。“没有这些两栖动物来填补这个角色，我们将看到这个食物网的崩溃，”在奥斯汀一家环境组织工作的尼姆说)”可知，如果两栖动物的数量减少，食物链将被破坏。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据““It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.”(“也不全是坏消息，”国际自然保护联盟两栖动物小组负责人珍妮弗·吕德克说。“但我们真的必须在这一改善的基础上，大幅增加对两栖动物保护的投资。”)”可知，吕德克对两栖动物的未来充满希望。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末） On an early winter morning, a small group of students and tourists were taking pictures of the horses with their phones. These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained and they are the fruits of one of the most successful ever wildlife reintroduction plans of Hustai National Park. “Horses are key to our culture. Everyone is glad to have them back,” says Dashpurev with a smile, who is in charge of Hustai National Park. Once hunted to extinction in the wild in the 1960s, Przewalski’s horses now number nearly 1,000, at three sites across Mongolia, as well as in China and Kazakhstan. The largest population — numbering 423 — is in central Mongolia’s Hustai National Park. These horses are descendants (后代) of 84 animals that were airlifted from European zoos in the 1990s. “Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev. Now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has downgraded Przewalski’s horse from “critically endangered” to “endangered”, marking a significant milestone in their recovery. However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species. Besides hunting, the climate emergency is putting more pressure. Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals. Faced with this crisis, the government has taken actions to protect wild areas. In 1998, Mongolia promised to protect 30% of its territory by 2030 — a goal adopted by 100 other countries in 2021. So far it is on 21%. Last year, the president launched a drive to plant 1 billion trees by 2030 and tough fines have had success in stopping illegal hunting. Yet these efforts are hamstrung (妨碍) by a lack of funding. “The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.” 8．Why are these horses unique according to the passage? A．They are airlifted from European zoos. B．They are successfully introduced species. C．They are the only true wild horse species. D．They can only be photographed in Mongolia. 9．What was the public’s attitude towards saving these horses before the reintroduction? A．Relieved. B．Supportive. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. 10．Why is the climate emergency mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To introduce the reasons for wildlife extinction. B．To explain its influence on wildlife in Mongolia. C．To stress the challenges facing wildlife protection. D．To express the author’s feelings about the extinction. 11．What does Buuveibaatar imply in the last paragraph? A．Hustai National Park provides a positive model. B．The government’s focus should be the economy. C．Other countries can help by following the footsteps. D．The Przewalski’s horse is the only one worth saving. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒙古国普氏野马(又称“takhi”)的保护和重引入计划，以及蒙古国在保护野生动物方面所面临的挑战和所采取的措施。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained (这些马，在当地被称为takhi，在全球被称为普氏野马，是独一无二的。它们是唯一没有受过训练的物种)”可知，这些马独一无二是因为它们是是唯一没有受过训练的物种，是真正的野马种类。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev.(“在重新引入之前，没有人相信我们可以拯救这个物种，”Dashpurev回忆道)”可知，在重新引入这些马之前，公众对此持怀疑态度。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中心句“However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species.(然而，尽管有这样的成功故事，蒙古在保护其他物种方面面临着许多挑战)”和“Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals.(气温上升速度是全球平均水平的三倍，带来了更多的极端天气事件，导致大量动物死亡)”可推知，第四段中提及气候紧急情况旨在说明蒙古野生动物保护努力面临的其它挑战。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.”(野生动物保护协会的科学家Buuveibaatar说：“政府希望发展经济。这对他们来说是关键，所以他们在农业和采矿方面投入了大量精力。野生生物被忽视了。因此，一些保护区只是纸上谈兵。普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范。现在，挑战在于将这种成功模式引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。”)”可知，Buuveibaatar认为普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范，这种成功模式应引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。说明Buuveibaatar认为呼斯坦诺鲁国家公园对普氏野马的保护树立了一个积极的榜样。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏锡山高级中学·期末） To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds. Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast. Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 percent — climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 percent population loss between 2001 and 2010. Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms. While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return. 8．What is an ice sheet according to the passage? A．It is an ice world for animals to live on. B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. C．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. D．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. 9．The melting of ice sheets brings about the following effects EXCEPT . A．a longer distance to search for food B．a decrease in animal population C．a larger amount of snowfall D．the release of more diseases 10．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. B．The ice cap will first disappear in Greenland. C．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. D．The Greenland Ice sheet will be the first to disappear. 11．What could be the best title for this passage? A．Changes of Sea Levels B．Ice, Sea and Animals C．Greenland and Antarctica D．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰盖融化及其影响，呼吁人们要认真对待气候变化问题。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age.(覆盖了南极洲54万平方英里以及格林兰岛六十五万六千平方英里，冰盖实际上就是从冰川时代开始的一块巨大的冰地)”可知，冰盖就是一大片存在了几个世纪的冰地。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection(很多这种生物依靠冰盖来休息、猎捕食物和提供庇护)”和第三段中的“climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals.(气候变化导致冬季气温升高，导致降雨而非降雪，雪在脚下结冰更快，使行走和寻找食物更加困难。夏天，冰冻的土地层融化并且释放出深埋的导致动物死亡的疾病)”可知，冰盖的融化会导致动物去更远的距离去寻找食物、动物数量的减少和释放更多的疾病，并没有提到更大数量的降雪。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years.(事实上，自从1880年以来海平面已经上升了约8英寸，是过去25年以来的三倍)”可推知，近年来，海平面上升得更快了。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is.(为了理解全球冰川融化的影响，我们不得不首先理解冰盖事实上是什么)”以及下文对冰盖融化产生的影响的具体描述可知，文章主要介绍了冰盖融化的影响。由此可知，Effect of Melting Ice Sheets(冰盖融化的影响)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 主题03 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东湛江·期末） Whenever visiting a museum, in addition to appreciating the wisdom in these historical books, Song Jing also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. This “book doctor” has been working in the restoration (修复) department for ancient books for eight years. After finishing studies course at Peking University in 2015, she has been worked in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relics. At the moment, Song is working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408 in the Ming Dynasty. Accepting the challenge, Song and her colleagues spent six months researching and deciding on how to repair the books. “Most books from Yongle Dadian have suffered damage to their original binding,” Song said. “To restore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources,” she explained. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to choose the suitable materials to use. As technology has improved, they can use a new method through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as restoration still needs necessary hand-on skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. The restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not controlled well during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stay,” Song explained. Because of the tough and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “I am glad that I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong love in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 8．What does Song Jing do as a “book doctor”? A．Repairs old books. B．Writes historical books. C．Appreciates cultural heritage. D．Collects information about historical events. 9．What can we learn about Yongle Dadian from paragraph 2? A．It is not in good shape. B．It is a music book of Ming Dynasty. C．Its restoration work has been finished. D．It takes about six months to repair the books. 10．Which of the following words best describe Song Jing? A．Patient and outgoing. B．Devoted and skillful. C．Generous and curious. D．Smart and warm-hearted. 11．What does Song think of her job according to the last paragraph? A．Tough. B．Boring. C．Well-paid. D．Meaningful. 【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了古籍修复师宋静的工作内容、她在修复《永乐大典》等古籍方面的努力与挑战、技术方法的更新，以及她对自己职业价值的认识。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whenever visiting a museum, in addition to appreciating the wisdom in these historical books, Song Jing also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. This “book doctor” has been working in the restoration (修复) department for ancient books for eight years. (每当参观博物馆时，除了欣赏这些史书中的智慧，宋静也会关注它们是如何装订和呈现的。这位“书医”在古籍修复部工作了8年。)”可知，她的工作是修复古书。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At the moment, Song is working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408 in the Ming Dynasty. Accepting the challenge, Song and her colleagues spent six months researching and deciding on how to repair the books. “Most books from Yongle Dadian have suffered damage to their original binding,” Song said. “To restore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources,” she explained. (目前，宋正在修复一部明代1408年编纂的百科全书《永乐大典》。宋和她的同事们接受了挑战，花了六个月的时间研究并决定如何修复这些书。宋说：“永乐大典的大部分书籍的原始装订都受到了损坏。”。她解释说：“为了将它们恢复到原始状态，我们需要从各种来源收集信息。”。)”可知，表明《永乐大典》的原始装订遭受了损害，并非处于良好状态。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Whenever visiting a museum, in addition to appreciating the wisdom in these historical books, Song Jing also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. This “book doctor” has been working in the restoration (修复) department for ancient books for eight years. (每当参观博物馆时，除了欣赏这些史书中的智慧，宋静也会关注它们是如何装订和呈现的。这位“书医”在古籍修复部工作了8年。)”、第三段““If the pressure is not controlled well during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stay,” Song explained. (宋解释说：“如果在刷纸过程中压力控制不好，纸张可能会撕裂，但如果触感太轻，纸张就不会留下来。”。)”、最后一段““I am glad that I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong love in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. (宋说：“我很高兴能在激励更多年轻人在文化遗产保护领域找到他们一生的挚爱方面有所帮助。”)”可知，文章第三段描述了修复古籍需要的手艺和技巧，说明宋静的技术非常熟练。此外，文章第二段提到宋静已经从事古籍修复工作八年了，并在最后一段提到宋静很高兴能够为激发更多年轻人对文化遗产保护领域的热爱做出贡献，这表现出她对工作的投入和敬业。故选B。 11．推理判断题。最后一段中““I am glad that I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong love in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. (宋说：“我很高兴能在激励更多年轻人在文化遗产保护领域找到他们一生的挚爱方面有所帮助。”)”可知，她认为自己的工作是有意义的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末） During evenings spent with her crafting (手工艺) group, Kate Smith has produced a host of lovely pieces: hand-made bags, summer dresses, and even jewellery. But the thing she’s most proud of creating is a group of close friends that value each other’s company. The four members of the group, Smith, Ratnett, Jenny and Clark, whose children were of the similar ages, first met at the school gate in the village of Marshfield. Later Smith ran a shop called Makery, selling craft materials and running in-store workshops. When the four got chatting, it turned out that they all showed interest in crafting and had all popped into the shop at one time or another. From then on, they have been meeting regularly to get crafty, taking it in turns to host at home. During their craft nights, the group will either work on their own projects or deal with a craft task together. Everyone will bring something delicious to eat, always Clark’s famous homemade bread, sometimes chocolates or a bottle of prosecco. But although all four women love to get their craft on, the real highlight of the evening is the chance to catch up. “We’ll give each other a big hug when we see each other,” says Smith. “Sometimes we’ll have a lot going on at home, but at our crafting evenings we can just let it all out. We don’t have to pretend everything is all right. I get a huge sense of comfort from asking their opinions on things, and we love sharing and learning new skills together. It’s a safe space filled with lovely people, and just really therapeutic (治愈的).” With Clark due to move back to her native New Zealand in November, the group plans to meet as regularly as they can in the run-up, and continue their meetings via video call once she’s overseas. As Christmas approaches, they’re also planning to keep up their crafting traditions. 24．What does Smith take greatest pride in about her crafting group? A．The creation of beautiful craftwork. B．The chance to improve crafting skills. C．The close relationship among friends. D．The lifelong company of the members. 25．What brought the four members together in Makery? A．Their children of similar ages. B．Their shared interest in crafting. C．Their common habit in shopping. D．Their idea of running workshops. 26．What is the best part of the crafting evenings? A．Supporting each other. B．Enjoying delicious food. C．Improving new art skills. D．Working on their project. 27．Which of the following is the group’s future plan? A．They will move together soon. B．They will meet every Christmas. C．They will travel to New Zealand. D．They will keep their traditions alive. 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Kate Smith和她的手工小组成员通过手工艺活动建立深厚友谊的故事，重点描述了她们的活动内容、情感交流以及未来的计划。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the thing she’s most proud of creating is a group of close friends that value each other’s company.(但她最自豪的是有一群珍视彼此陪伴的亲密朋友)”可知，Smith最自豪的是成员之间的亲密关系。故选C项。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When the four got chatting, it turned out that they all showed interest in crafting and had all popped into the shop at one time or another.(当四人聊天时，发现她们对手工艺都很感兴趣，并且都曾光顾过这家店)”可知，她们聚在一起是因为对手工艺的共同兴趣。故选B项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But although all four women love to get their craft on, the real highlight of the evening is the chance to catch up.(尽管四人都喜欢做手工艺，但晚上的真正亮点是彼此交流的机会)”以及第四段中Smith的描述“I get a huge sense of comfort from asking their opinions on things, and we love sharing and learning new skills together.（我从询问她们的意见中获得了极大的安慰，我们也喜欢一起分享和学习新技能)”可知，晚上最美好的部分是彼此的支持和交流。故选A项。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As Christmas approaches, they’re also planning to keep up their crafting traditions.(随着圣诞节的临近，她们还计划保持手工艺的传统)”可知，她们未来的计划是保持传统。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末） Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 12．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 13．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 14．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们设计的一款新的机器人，这款机器人可以在外科手术中大显身手。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster(灾害)response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了这种机器人可能的应用领域，包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. (科学家们设计了一种名为“mCLARI”小型昆虫机器人，它可以控制甚至改变自己的体型，在不同的环境中穿行，以适应缝隙。)”以及文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，这款机器人是由科学家设计的，能够控制和改变形状以适应不同环境，预计在医疗等领域有广泛应用，这表明它是先进且有效的技术。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” (作为后续工作，科学家们希望在帮助手术的同时赋予mCLARI更多的能量和感知能力。Jayaram说：“我们也很高兴能够理解形状变化对提高机器人功能的影响。这无疑是这项技术向前迈出的一大步。到2025年，机器人将进入市场，并将为人类带来更大的利益，特别是在医疗方面。”)”可知，Jayaram对于这款机器人的前景抱有积极的态度。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? (你是否曾想象过，一个受昆虫启发、重量不到一克的机器人，有朝一日能在外科手术中大显身手？)”以及全文内容可知，主要介绍了科学家设计的一种小型、可变形的机器人mCLARI，并指出它未来可能在手术等领域的应用。因此选项D“A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries (一个微型变形机器人将帮助进行手术)”最能概括文章内容。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏常州·期末） In a world that often stresses physical appearance, it’s important not to concern ourselves with external beauty or ugliness. True beauty and strength lie within. Our focus on outward looks can lead to self-doubt and insecurity. For instance, many people feel sad when they don’t match the perfect images (形象) presented in the media. They might fight for an unachievable standard of beauty, frequently comparing themselves to others. However, this often leaves us empty and dissatisfied. Inner strength, on the other hand, enables us to face life’s challenges with courage and resilience (恢复力). It gives us the ability to bear hardships and come out of failures. A person like Malala Yousafzai, who fought for girls’ education despite facing great danger, shows that a strong and beautiful heart is more important than appearance. A person with a strong and beautiful heart is kind, empathetic (有同理心的), and generous. They focus on building meaningful relationships and having a positive influence on the world around them. They don’t let the opinions of others about their appearance affect them. Instead, they draw confidence from their values and character. Consider the volunteers in local charities. They give their time and love selflessly, not worried by their outward looks but rather the warmth they can bring. Even in daily life, simple acts like helping an elderly cross the street or comforting a sad friend show the beauty within. Rather than spending a large amount of time and energy on perfecting our looks, we should focus on self-improvement and self-reflection. We can read, learn new skills, and take part in activities that nourish (滋养) our souls. By doing so, we will discover a beauty that is far more lasting and satisfying than any external charm. Let’s remember that it’s our inner selves that truly matter and have the power to change not only our lives but also the lives of those we touch. 12．What can be inferred about the role of the media in relation to self-awareness from this article? A．It helps people build a realistic self-image. B．It promotes a healthy focus on inner beauty. C．It may contribute to unrealistic beauty standards. D．It has no important effect on how people view themselves. 13．Why does the author mention Malala Yousafzai and volunteers? A．As an example of inner beauty. B．As an example different from volunteers in charities. C．To show the importance of girls’ education. D．To show the power of changing one’s life. 14．What writing technique is used in this article in order to express the main point of view? A．Exaggeration (夸张). B．Metaphor (暗喻). C．Contrast (对比). D．Personification (拟人). 15．Which of the following would he the best title for the article? A．True Beauty: The strength Hard to Achieve. B．From Within: The True Beauty of a Person. C．Self-improvement: The Way to Nourish Our Soul. D．Difficult to Judge: The True Meaning of Inner Beauty. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了只关注外在美会导致的问题，强调内在美才是真正的美。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“For instance, many people feel sad when they don’t match the perfect images (形象) presented in the media. They might fight for an unachievable standard of beauty, frequently comparing themselves to others. (例如，当他们与媒体上呈现的完美形象不符时，许多人会感到悲伤。他们可能会为一个无法达到的美丽标准而奋斗，经常把自己和别人比较。)”可知，媒体在自我意识方面可能导致不切实际的审美标准。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“A person like Malala Yousafzai, who fought for girls’ education despite facing great danger, shows that a strong and beautiful heart is more important than appearance. (像马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊这样的人，不顾巨大的危险为女孩的教育而奋斗，表明了坚强美丽的内心比外表更重要。)”以及第三段“Consider the volunteers in local charities. They give their time and love selflessly, not worried by their outward looks but rather the warmth they can bring. (想想当地慈善机构的志愿者。他们无私地付出自己的时间和爱，不担心他们的外表，而是他们能带来的温暖。)”可知，作者提到马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊和志愿者是为了作为内在美的一个例子。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Our focus on outward looks can lead to self-doubt and insecurity. (我们对外表的关注会导致自我怀疑和不安全感。)”以及第三段“A person with a strong and beautiful heart is kind, empathetic (有同理心的), and generous. (拥有一颗强大而美丽的心的人是善良、善解人意和慷慨的。)”可知，作者通过将外在美与内在美进行对比，来强调内在美的重要性，所以文章使用了对比的写作技巧，故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“By doing so, we will discover a beauty that is far more lasting and satisfying than any external charm. Let’s remember that it’s our inner selves that truly matter and have the power to change not only our lives but also the lives of those we touch. (通过这样做，我们将发现一种比任何外在魅力更持久、更令人满意的美。让我们记住，真正重要的是我们内心的自我，它不仅能改变我们的生活，也能改变我们所接触到的人的生活。)”结合文章主要说明了只关注外在美会导致的问题，强调内在美才是真正的美。可知，B选项“发自内心：一个人的真正美”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州西湖区·期末） In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 8．What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A．They launched a peace campaign. B．They discussed a planned nuclear test. C．They spread an immortal peace slogan. D．They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 9．What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A．Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B．They both associated the color green with their leaders. C．Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D．They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 10．What can be inferred according to the text? A．The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B．Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C．Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D．Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 11．How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A．Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B．Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C．The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D．The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文是说明文。它结合了历史叙述、文化分析和科学解释，以阐述绿色与环境保护、自然以及人类历史之间的紧密联系。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace! ”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”.(1970年2月，一群嬉皮士和激进分子聚集在加拿大温哥华，讨论在阿拉斯加阿姆奇特卡岛进行核试验的计划。他们最终同意乘船前往试验场，亲自抗议爆炸。会议结束时，主席向房间里举起两根手指，喊道：“和平！”。在短暂的停顿之后，一位年轻的与会者回应说：“让我们实现绿色和平。”)”可知，嬉皮士和激进分子在1970年结束温哥华的集会后发起了一场和平运动。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”.(从公元前8000年开始在尼罗河沿岸耕作的古埃及人同样用绿色来标识他们的作物。他们对这种颜色的称呼是“wadj”，也有“繁盛”的意思)”以及第五段“All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason.(在世界各地，人们通过绿色材料与自然交流。例如，玉石被用来制作保证丰收的物品。玛雅人用玉死亡面具埋葬他们的领袖正是出于这个原因)”可知，古埃及人和玛雅人都将绿色与丰收联系起来，古埃及人称绿色为“wadj”，意为“繁荣”，而玛雅人则将玉作为保证丰收的材料。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第六段“Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new-found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的).(西方社会花了更长的时间才接受自然之美，进而接受绿色。但到了中世纪下半叶，欧洲作家将他们对风景的新信仰注入了这种颜色，将其与肥沃、生长、春天、希望和喜悦联系起来。到17世纪末，英国诗人开始意识到，就像我们今天所做的那样，绿色空间可以具有深刻的治疗作用)”可推知，西方社会经历了一个缓慢而渐进的认识自然的过程。故选C项。 11．词句猜测题。根据后文“After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning.(毕竟，对于早期等待嫩芽从土壤中冒出来的农民，对于决心实现可持续未来的现代活动家来说，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色——希望在漫长寒冷的冬天或干旱的夏天之后，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始)”可知，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始，推知a decisive weapon指的是叶子中的色素以及绿色所代表的希望。故选D项。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末） With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out the penguin groups in photos. Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 12．Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A．To collect the photos from tourists. B．To follow moving paths of penguins. C．To study the photos taken by tourists. D．To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. 13．Which of the following can replace the underlined “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2? A．Identify. B．Ignore. C．Explore. D．Revise. 14．What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A．Glacier sizes. B．Location marks. C．Climate changes. D．Penguin numbers. 15．What is the text mainly about? A．3D map helps locate penguin groups. B．Adélie penguins help develop AI tools. C．Penguins show signs of climate change. D．Researchers use AI to track penguin groups. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用人工智能工具分析游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅，并阐述了这种方法的优势、应用以及存在的争议。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica.(通过人工智能工具，研究人员研究了游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的南极企鹅)”可知，研究团队在他们的研究中使用人工智能工具是为了研究游客拍摄的照片。故选C项。 13．词句猜测题。根据后文“Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image.(与人类相比，人工智能在这些照片中发现和标记企鹅的速度更快，每张照片只需要5到10秒)”可知，此处讲述人工智能处理照片的速度更快，能更快识别企鹅，推知get a handle on是“识别”之意，和identify意思相近。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years.(这种追踪很重要，因为它可以告诉我们气候的变化。这正是研究人员想知道的。同样，人工智能工具也可以使用历史照片来追踪自然迹象，比如冰川的变化，这些变化发展非常缓慢，可能只有经过多年观察才会很明显)”可知，研究人员想通过跟踪企鹅来了解气候的变化。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team.(通过人工智能工具，研究人员研究了游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的南极企鹅。“现在，每个人口袋里都有一台相机，我们可以收集的用于研究的照片数量将超出我们的预期，”来自一个国际研究团队的科学家托马斯·布朗（Thomas Brown）说)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述研究人员利用人工智能工具分析游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·湖北荆州·期末） Protecting marine (海洋的) animals is crucial for the health and balance of our oceans, since they play a vital role in the marine ecosystem, serving as food sources; contributing to nutrient cycling, and maintaining biodiversity. However, human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution pose significant threats to these creatures, so effective conservation measures should be taken to change for the better. Most people know about the friendly voices of dolphins and the blue songs of humpback whales, but what about the hundreds of thousands of other creatures that live in the sea? Scientists estimate that over 100 types of marine mammals, as well as 1,000 different fish species, generate sounds. Additionally, many sea creatures produce passive sounds while eating, swimming, or crawling along the sea floor. A group of international scientists is now joining forces to create a library of all the unique sounds that animals living under the sea make. The Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds, or GLUBS, will be an open-source collection of the signature sounds created by sea creatures. The team will use existing libraries of sea sounds and expand upon these to create a more comprehensive collection. The platform will also include AI algorithms (算法) that can detect and classify different sounds, which will allow scientists to produce species distribution maps. When asked about the motivation for this project, Miles Parsons, one of the project’s leaders, pointed to the worldwide decline in biodiversity. By examining the sounds coming from bodies of water, scientists can monitor the changes in the distribution and diversity of various ecosystems. Studying the sounds could also be used to identify new species. Parsons explained that many of the world’s most extensive habitats are aquatic (水生的). GLUBS could be a great resource in helping preserve water species around the world. 12．Which of the following is true about sea creature sounds? A．It is difficult to distinguish eating sounds. B．Only 1,000 different fish species produce sounds. C．Little is known about the sounds of marine animals. D．Scientists don’t have to create sound libraries from zero. 13．How will AI be used in the library? A．It will be used to create new aquatic sounds. B．It is needed when scientists distribute maps. C．It helps manage the number of species in the sea. D．It can help sort out the different collected sounds. 14．What reason did Miles Parsons give for creating the sound library? A．Biodiversity is decreasing around the world. B．It is difficult to record the sound s of sea creatures. C．We should keep the balance and preserve the ocean. D．Fishermen could use the sounds to help them catch more fish. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A scientific research assisted by AI. B．Sounds Created by the Marine Animals. C．GLUBS: A Sound Library of the Sea. D．Sharp decline in global biodiversity. 【答案】12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项旨在建立全球水下生物声音图书馆(GLUBS)的国际合作项目，通过收集和分析海洋生物声音，以监测生物多样性变化、辅助物种保护及潜在新物种发现，应对海洋生态系统面临的威胁。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds, or GLUBS, will be an open-source collection of the signature sounds created by sea creatures. The team will use existing libraries of sea sounds and expand upon these to create a more comprehensive collection.(全球水下生物声音图书馆（GLUBS）将是一个开源的海洋生物特征声音图书馆。该团队将使用现有的海洋声音图书馆，并对其进行扩展，以创建更全面的收藏)”可知，科学家可以使用现有的海洋声音图书馆，对其进行扩展，创建全球水下生物声音图书馆，即科学家不必从零开始创建声音图书馆。故选D项。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The platform will also include AI algorithms (算法) that can detect and classify different sounds, which will allow scientists to produce species distribution maps.(该平台还将包括可以检测和分类不同声音的AI算法，这将使科学家能够绘制物种分布图)”可知，AI算法将用于帮助检测和分类不同的声音，从而协助科学家制作物种分布图。因此，AI的作用是帮助整理收集到的不同声音。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“When asked about the motivation for this project, Miles Parsons, one of the project’s leaders, pointed to the worldwide decline in biodiversity.(当被问及该项目的动机时，该项目的领导者之一Miles Parsons指出是全球生物多样性的下降)”可知，Miles Parsons创建声音图书馆的原因是全球生物多样性正在下降。故选A项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A group of international scientists is now joining forces to create a library of all the unique sounds that animals living under the sea make.(一组国际科学家正在联手创建一个海底动物发出的所有独特声音的图书馆)”、第三段“The Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds, or GLUBS, will be an open-source collection of the signature sounds created by sea creatures.(全球水下生物声音图书馆（GLUBS）将是一个开源的海洋生物特征声音图书馆)”以及第四段“GLUBS could be a great resource in helping preserve water species around the world.(GLUBS可能是帮助保护世界各地水生物种的重要资源)”可知，本文围绕创建全球水下生物声音图书馆(GLUBS)的项目展开，因此，最合适的标题应直接关联到这一主题，“GLUBS：海洋之声图书馆”准确概括了文章的核心内容，是最合适的标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·吉林合作体·期末） To help out important insects like bees and butterflies, bus stops across UK are getting living roofs. Small gardens on bus shelter roofs are being planted with flowers chosen to help support the struggling insects. Humans depend on bees and other “pollinators (授粉者)” like butterflies to help grow plants, such as flowers and trees. But with humans taking over more and more land for cities, roads and farms, more natural areas have disappeared. The Wildlife Trusts, a group which works to protect wildlife in the UK, says that the insect numbers there have dropped by 50% since 1970. Bee bus stops are a small step toward supporting these important insects. The advertising company Clear Channel is working with The Wildlife Trusts and city governments to set up bee bus stops in cities across the UK. Bee bus stops are like ordinary bus shelters, but small gardens have been added to the roofs to attract bees and butterflies. The company plans to set up 1,000 bee bus stops in the UK. Clear Channel already has bee bus stop programs in several countries in Europe. In the Netherlands, the city of Utrecht has 300 bee bus stops. Research shows that these bus stops— along with many other steps taken to support pollinators — may be helping. After decades of dropping numbers, bee populations in the Netherlands seem to have become more stable over the last few years. The little gardens can also help to slightly lower city temperatures. Even though the bus shelter gardens are small, together they add up to a much larger area. Thirzah McSherry, who works for The Wildlife Trusts, says, “We’re living through a nature and climate crisis and we need to use every tool we’ve got to deal with it.” 32．Why are bee bus stop gardens being built in the UK? A．To beautify the city. B．To improve city farming. C．To protect the environment. D．To provide shelters for pollinating insects. 33．What leads to the insect numbers dropping sharply in England? A．Losses of forests. B．Climate changes. C．Human activities. D．Natural disasters. 34．How does the author show the positive effect of the bee bus stop programs? A．By analyzing the data. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving examples. D．By doing an experiment. 35．What is the text mainly about? A．UK is building more bee bus stops. B．The city environment is getting worse. C．City should build more gardens for the insects. D．The bee bus stop is the best way to save the city. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国各地公交车站正在安装的生态屋顶（蜜蜂公交车站）项目，旨在帮助像蜜蜂和蝴蝶这样的重要昆虫，同时也提到了该项目对降低城市温度的作用。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Small gardens on bus shelter roofs are being planted with flowers chosen to help support the struggling insects.(公交候车亭的屋顶上，正种植着精心挑选的花卉小花园，以支持这些挣扎求生的昆虫。)”以及第二段“Humans depend on bees and other “pollinators(授粉者)” like butterflies to help grow plants, such as flowers and trees.(人类依赖蜜蜂和蝴蝶等其他“授粉者”来帮助植物生长，比如花卉和树木。)”可知，英国建立蜜蜂公交车站花园是为了给授粉昆虫提供庇护所。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But with humans taking over more and more land for cities, roads and farms, more natural areas have disappeared. The Wildlife Trusts, a group which works to protect wildlife in the UK, says that the insect numbers there have dropped by 50% since 1970. Bee bus stops are a small step toward supporting these important insects.(但随着人类为城市、道路和农场占据越来越多的土地，更多的自然区域消失了。英国致力于保护野生动物的组织“The Wildlife Trusts”表示，自1970年以来，英国的昆虫数量已减少了50%。蜜蜂公交车站是支持这些重要昆虫迈出的小小一步。)”可知，是人类活动导致了英国昆虫数量的急剧下降。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In the Netherlands, the city of Utrecht has 300 bee bus stops. Research shows that these bus stops— along with many other steps taken to support pollinators — may be helping. After decades of dropping numbers, bee populations in the Netherlands seem to have become more stable over the last few years.(在荷兰，乌得勒支市有300个蜜蜂公交车站。研究表明，这些公交车站，以及为支持授粉者而采取的许多其他措施，可能正在发挥作用。在数量持续下降了几十年后，荷兰的蜜蜂种群数量在过去几年似乎已趋于稳定。)”可知，作者通过举例荷兰乌得勒支市蜜蜂公交车站的情况来展示蜜蜂公交车站项目的积极效果。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Small gardens on bus shelter roofs are being planted with flowers chosen to help support the struggling insects.(公交候车亭的屋顶上，正种植着精心挑选的花卉小花园，以支持这些挣扎求生的昆虫。)”、第二段“The Wildlife Trusts, a group which works to protect wildlife in the UK, says that the insect numbers there have dropped by 50% since 1970. To help tackle this, the Trusts have launched a program called ‘Bee Bus Stops(英国致力于保护野生动物的组织“野生生物信托”表示，自1970年以来，英国的昆虫数量已减少了50%。为了应对这一问题，“野生生物信托”发起了一项名为“蜜蜂公交车站”的计划。)”以及下文文章介绍了蜜蜂公交车站项目的目的、实施情况、作用以及在其他国家的类似项目。由此可知，文章主要讲了英国正在建设更多的蜜蜂公交车站。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can cat. 12．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 14．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极地区坚强的幸存者北极狐。 12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. (而在夏天，它的灰色皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配。)”可知，北极狐的皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配为了隐藏自己，继而保护自己。因此冬天的皮毛变成白色即雪一样的样色，也是为了隐藏自己。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。它厚厚的皮毛最能保暖，保持40℃舒适的体温。它有极好的听觉和敏锐的嗅觉，可以在24英里外嗅到北极熊留下的尸体。)”可知本段主要讲述北极狐的适应性。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. (然而，在挪威、瑞典和芬兰，它的数量严重濒危，不到200只。气候变化被认为是主要原因。随着气温升高，积雪减少，所以北极狐的浅色皮毛也不能帮助它与周围环境相匹配。体型较大的红狐比北极狐更有竞争力，因为它的饮食更多样化；红狐可以吃在山路上发现的人类排泄物。)”可知，气候变化引起积雪减少，导致北极狐的浅色皮毛不能与周围环境相匹配，且红狐的饮食更加多样化，加剧了红狐与北极狐的竞争，由此可知，气候变化加剧了狐类之间的竞争。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. (一只孤独的北极狐慢慢地走过一片白茫茫的苔原，饥肠辘辘。)”，第二段“Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. (狐狸很聪明，它们会在岩石下储存额外的食物以备后用，或者跟着北极熊吃它们捕杀的剩菜。)”，第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。)”及最后一段“In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. (般来说，北极狐被认为是北极最寒冷地区“最不受关注”的物种。)”可知，本文主要讲述北极狐这个北极地区的坚强的幸存者，北极狐小巧可爱，但却能在艰苦的环境下，在狐类激烈的竞争下存活下来，因此北极狐是小而生命力强的物种。故选C。 主题03 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东湛江·期末） When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 12．What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A．Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B．The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C．The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D．22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 13．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 14．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 15．What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A．Make better use of gestures. B．Teach listening in a systematic way. C．Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D．Do some scientific researches on teaching. 【答案】12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现利用手势学习外语更有利于记忆单词。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. (但Brian Mathias的研究团队发现，如果你在学习时用手臂做手势，即使几个月后，你也能更好地记住词汇。)”可知，Brian Mathias的研究总结出运用手势有利于单词学习。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements.(与此同时，他们的头上安装了设备，向他们的初级运动皮层——控制自主手臂运动的大脑区域——发送微弱的分散注意力的信号。)”可知，这种设备会影响大脑活动。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both.(两个月后，这两种方法仍然同样有效。但六个月后，成年人从手势中受益比图片更多，而孩子们则从两者中得到了同等的帮助。)”可知，从长远来看，手势学习的好处对成年人更明显。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.”(戈尔丁-梅多说：“我认为我们在课堂上没有充分利用手势。好的老师和好的听众会使用它，但并不总是系统地使用。其他人不一定会把它带到课堂上，但它可以更经常、更有效地使用。”)”可推测出，作者建议老师更充分地使用手势。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏常州·期末） A sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle eventually does harm to health but breaking out of long inactivity can be discouraging. Now, however, there may be a simple way to ease into more activity. A recent study suggests that short bouts (一阵) of intense (高强度的) activity every day — climbing stairs, carrying a heavy load of things, or stepping up the pace of housework — can provide great health benefits. “It’s quite simple, but it’s not an idea that’s out there,” says University of Sydney exercise scientist Emmanuel Stamatakis who led the research. “Many people, including many health professionals, still think of physical activity as something that you do during your free time, and you need to go somewhere to do it.” Stamatakis and his colleagues, on the other hand, wanted to understand if daily life activities done somewhat vigorously in short bouts could also provide health benefits compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle. To study this, his team used data from nearly 25, 000 adults who were non-exercisers. Without these data, it was almost impossible to continue the study. Over the course of seven days, they used machine learning tools to determine whether a person was either sedentary, standing, walking, or doing intense activities like running during repeated 10-second windows. The researchers also divided any movement into light, middle, or high intensity. Then, for the next seven years, they recorded which study participants died and what caused the death. The team found that people who did at least four one-to-two-minute high intensity physical activities every day had a nearly 40 percent less risk of dying from cancer and a roughly 49 percent ower chance of dying from a cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. More bouts of such strong activity meant greater protection from death risks, Stamatakis says, “The more, the better.” 8．What did the recent study find? A．An inactive lifestyle is harmful but hard to change. B．More physical exercises can make you more active. C．Doing daily housework is also a kind of exercise. D．Daily short but intense activities do good to health. 9．What does the underlined word “vigorously” most probably mean? A．Energetically. B．Continuously. C．Frequently. D．Creatively. 10．Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5? A．Research purposes. B．Research limitations. C．Research findings. D．Research methods. 11．What would Stamatakis suggest? A．Going to exercise at fixed time and place. B．Avoiding movement of light intensity. C．Doing only 8 minutes intense activity every day. D．Carrying out more short bouts of intense activity. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明短时间高强度的活动有益健康。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study suggests that short bouts (一阵) of intense (高强度的) activity every day—climbing stairs, carrying a heavy load of things, or stepping up the pace of housework— can provide great health benefits.(最近的一项研究表明，每天短时间的剧烈运动——爬楼梯、搬运重物或加快家务劳动的步伐——对健康大有好处)”可知，最近的研究表明，短时间高强度的活动有益健康的。故选D项。 9．词句猜测题。done somewhat vigorously in short bouts在句中作后置定语修饰daily life activities，根据后面“compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle(与久坐或不太活跃的生活方式相比)”可推测，划线词应该和less active意思相反，应该是“高强度地，剧烈地”的意思。故选A项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Over the course of seven days, they used machine learning tools to determine whether a person was either sedentary, standing, walking, or doing intense activities like running during repeated 10-second windows. The researchers also divided any movement into light, middle, or high intensity. Then, for the next seven years, they recorded which study participants died and what caused the death.(在七天的过程中，他们使用机器学习工具来确定一个人是久坐、站立、行走，还是在重复的10秒窗口中进行剧烈活动，如跑步。研究人员还将任何运动分为轻度、中度和高强度。然后，在接下来的七年里，他们记录了哪些研究参与者死亡以及导致死亡的原因)”可知，本段主要讲到了研究过程中的数据收集及分析方法。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段末“More bouts of such strong activity meant greater protection from death risks, Stamatakis says, ‘The more, the better.’(Stamatakis说，这种剧烈运动的次数越多，就意味着死亡风险得到了更大的保护，‘越多越好’)”可知，Stamatakis认为短时间高强度的活动有益健康，降低死亡风险，他建议多做这样的活动，越多越好。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏锡山高级中学·期末） My daughters are lovely and attractive. The 4-year-old has big blue eyes and always wears a smile. The 7-year-old’s long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys’ heads. I love everything about these girls, and they know it. But I try not to tell them they’re beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent when it comes to the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery, diets, “feeling fat” models or eating disorders. We adults know all too much about such things and in the face of this distorted reality we tend to start telling our girls, as soon and often as possible, how beautiful they are. I know this is wonderfully well-intentioned, and that we want to raise our girls’ confidence from the very start. Here’s the thing, though. We might think we’re building our daughters up by telling them that they are beautiful to us no matter what, but what we’re also doing is bringing the beauty pressure home to our littlest girls. The more I talk about beauty and looks, even in a positive way, the more I’ m conveying the importance of those things. However, it doesn’t mean I don’t praise my girls. Instead of saying “You look beautiful!” I might say the more specific “Don’t you look fancy today!” or “Those colors go so well together.” It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls, but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in charge of how they look. Naturally, I buy most of my girls’ clothes. But I don’t usually manage their outfit choices. My daughters can go girly with necklaces, or they can choose to give up dresses altogether. Of course we’ve seen some mismatching, but they own those styles. They never ask if they look pretty, and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what I or anyone else will say about how they look. And that’s the spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood. 16．What do the author’s two daughters have in common? A．Both like to smile. B．Both have blond hair. C．Both like strawberries. D．Both have big blue eyes. 17．Why is the author unwilling to tell her girls that they are beautiful? A．She expects them to face reality. B．She wants them to find it themselves. C．She doesn’t want them to focus on looks. D．She doesn’t think they can understand it. 18．How does the author treat her daughters? A．She avoids praising them. B．She treats them as her little dolls. C．She is particular about their clothes. D．She pays attention to their unique styles. 19．What can be learned about the author’s daughters? A．They are highly dependent. B．They are really confident. C．They tend to take advice from their mother. D．They have a good taste in dressing themselves. 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者的两个女儿很漂亮，都喜欢微笑，文章主要介绍了作者是如何培养两个女儿对自己外貌的正确认识的。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 4-year-old has big blue eyes and always wears a smile. The 7-year-old’s long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys’ heads.(这个4岁的孩子有一双蓝色的大眼睛，总是面带微笑。这个7岁大的孩子有着长长的草莓色金发和甜美的笑容，这让男孩子们都为之倾倒)”可知，作者两个女儿的共同点是“两个人都喜欢微笑”。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But I try not to tell them they’re beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent when it comes to the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery, diets, “feeling fat” models or eating disorders. (但我尽量不告诉她们，她们很美。我的小女儿们在面对我们社会中作为女人的压力时，是完全无辜的。她们对整容、节食、“感觉肥胖”的模特或饮食失调一无所知)”可知，作者不愿意告诉她的女儿们她们很漂亮，是因为她想让她们少关注外表。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls, but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in charge of how they look.(这意味着我不把我的女儿们当成我的小娃娃，而是把她们当成正在发展自己的自我意识和风格的真实的人。这意味着他们对自己的外表负责)”可知，作者注重女儿们独特的风格。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They never ask if they look pretty, and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what l or anyone else will say about how they look. And that’s the confident spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood.(她们从不问自己长得好看不好看，走路时很自信，这和我或其他人怎么说她们长得好看没有关系。这就是我希望他们在青少年时期和成年时期所表现出的自信精神)”可知，作者的女儿充满信心。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $