Unit 6 Earth First（单元测试·天津专用）英语外研版2019必修第二册

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—David, I guess you want to go to play basketball. —_________ . That’s exactly what I was thinking. A．It’s up to you B．You deserve it C．It’s my honour D．You read my mind 2．Students are encouraged to manage their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A．due to B．rather than C．regardless of D．in terms of 3．Middle-aged women are often ________ by the advertisements for cosmetic products (化妆品). A．scared B．defended C．transported D．targeted 4．Failure is unavoidable in our lives._____, many people viewed failure as the beginning of their struggle, rather than the end of it. A．Lately B．Approximately C．Fortunately D．Naturally 5． teaching, our English teacher earned a good reputation in our school. A．Devoting herself to B．Devoted herself to C．Devoting to D．Being devoted to 6．We need to design courses that successfully combine the unique art form and the local culture, which will naturally interest and ______ the children. A．establish B．engage C．ensure D．exist 7．We are making great efforts to urge the public to contribute to ________ environmental development. A．adjustable B．sustainable C．available D．flexible 8．Common sense tells that there is still power loss even when you leave the TV set _______. A．around the corner B．on the edge of your seat C．in its own right D．in the stand-by mode 9．The company will ________ his education background and working experience, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve his application. A．take into account B．account for C．make up for D．make out 10．The company launched a new advertising ______ to introduce its latest product. A．campaign B．phenomenon C．equipment D．certificate 11．The antelope population has ________ and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was ______ from the endangered species list. A．reduced; removed B．recovered; removed C．preserved; moved D．observed; removed 12．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 13．With the attention ________ every student’s understanding, the teacher explained the math problem slowly. A．being focused on B．focused on C．focusing on D．has focused on 14．The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A．which B．how C．what D．that 15．—I wasn’t selected for the competition although I was a member of the school volleyball team. —________. Joining the team is about love of the sport, not just winning. A．Not likely B．My pleasure C．Never mind D．No problem 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is essential for humans and nature to live in harmony. For centuries, people have relied on nature for their 16 . From the air we breathe to the food we eat, nature provides everything we need. However, as human activities have grown, the 17 on the environment has increased. To ensure a sustainable future, we must learn to live 18 alongside nature. Protecting natural 19 is vital. Forests, oceans, and rivers are home to countless species and help balance the Earth’s climate. Cutting down trees, overfishing, and polluting water harm the 20 ecosystems that sustain life. Conservation efforts must be 21 , and we must act quickly to prevent further harm. Another way to achieve harmony with nature is 22 green lifestyles. Recycling, reducing waste, and switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power help 23 greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming. Small 24 , such as using reusable bags or walking instead of driving, can contribute to protecting the planet as well. Education also plays a 25 role. Schools and universities can teach students about environmental conservation and encourage them to take steps. Raising awareness helps create a generation that 26 and protects the environment we live in. Governments and international organizations must take responsibility. Passing laws to 27 pollution, deforestation, and illegal hunting can benefit wildlife and ecosystems. Nature reserves and national parks are essential for preserving 28 and providing shelters for endangered species. Humans depend on nature for living, and nature counts on us for protection. Every decision we make has a(n) 29 , and small initiatives can lead to significant 30 . Together, we must build a 31 future where humans and nature thrive in balance. In conclusion, achieving harmony with nature 32 personal responsibility, education, and government 33 . By protecting resources, reducing pollution, and raising awareness, we can 34 a better world for future generations. Each of us has the power to make choices that will 35 the world for the better. 16．A．custom B．safety C．survival D．unity 17．A．stress B．share C．balance D．comfort 18．A．dramatically B．seemingly C．urgently D．responsibly 19．A．sources B．resources C．fuels D．regions 20．A．substantial B．visual C．delicate D．obvious 21．A．restricted B．detracted C．addressed D．promoted 22．A．adopting B．adapting C．assisting D．accompanying 23．A．track B．combat C．release D．clarify 24．A．components B．functions C．actions D．replies 25．A．crucial B．subsequent C．inclusive D．fierce 26．A．dedicates B．estimates C．values D．conceives 27．A．occupy B．endure C．generate D．limit 28．A．commitment B．biodiversity C．guidance D．boundary 29．A．damage B．benefit C．impact D．effort 30．A．changes B．intentions C．attempts D．appetite 31．A．fortunate B．flourishing C．memorable D．mysterious 32．A．requires B．invents C．invests D．reacts 33．A．routine B．status C．tendency D．policies 34．A．ensure B．explode C．motivate D．expand 35．A．greet B．shape C．perform D．demand 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A great family day out doesn’t have to be expensive. Sometimes just going for a walk can be fun, educational, and a chance to make special memories together and share some wonderful time. Here are a few of our family-friendly favourites. Blickling Estate, Norfolk This four-mile multi-use path has a surface that’s great for pushchairs (折叠式婴儿车) . If you’re out for a family walk and the kids won’t leave the house without their pushbikes, then this is perfect for them. Please keep in mind that you’ll need to book a ticket before visiting. Coughton Court family walk, Warwickshire Get your boots on and go for a gentle walk at Coughton Court. This walk will take you across a field with grass and flowers. You’ll need to book a ticket before visiting, though. Corfe Common history walk A gentle walk exploring historic Corfe Castle. The kids will love checking out the castle ruins. Don’t forget to book a ticket before visiting. Crom wildlife walk This walk through the nature reserve (保护区) at Crom, Northern Ireland is filled with wildlife. You could also come across one of the oldest yew trees in Ireland. This easy walk is great for all the family to get some fresh air. Booking a ticket before visiting is a must. Sutton Hoo, Suffolk This is a great walk for little legs. This beautiful area is home to one of the greatest archaeological (考古学的) discoveries of all time. Even though no tours or guides are currently offered, you can still walk around the ancient places. Tickets are required before visiting. 36．What do we know about Blickling Estate? A．It is famous for its wildlife. B．It is pushchair-friendly. C．It is an adventurous place for adults. D．It is home to the world’s oldest yew trees. 37．What can you enjoy at Coughton Court? A．Animals. B．Buildings. C．Plants. D．Forests. 38．Which walk should you choose if you want to see the castle ruins? A．Corfe Common history walk. B．Coughton Court family walk. C．Crom wildlife walk. D．Sutton Hoo walk. 39．What do these five walks have in common? A．They have guides. B．They are unfit for elders. C．They include exploring historic buildings. D．They need to be booked ahead of time. 40．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend several family-friendly places. B．To introduce several places of interest. C．To plan a great family day. D．To encourage people to take a walk. B Children in the developed world have a lot of choices when it comes to scientific toys. In the developing world, however, scientific toys are relatively scarce. So, what’s an adult to do if they want to get local children interested in science? Well, in the case of Arvind Gupta, they show the kids how to make scientific toys from rubbish. When Gupta graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, he went on to work at Tata Motors, where he helped to build trucks. After five years of doing so, however, he decided that it wasn’t the career for him. In 2018, he took a one-year leave from his job, and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program. “The objective was to make science fun and exciting for village children using simple, low- cost materials, ” he said. “This experience had a great influence on me. I thought it was much more satisfying than making trucks.” Gupta continued to design scientific toys that children could build for themselves out of cheap or free parts. Today, he is part of the four-person team that runs the Children’s Science Center. Together, they have designed about 800 rubbish-based educational toys so far. Instructions and explanations for all of the toys are available free through their Toys-from-Trash website. “Every day over 50,000 children and teachers across the world watch these videos,” said Gupta. “Thousands of books are downloaded (下载) every day and this fills our hearts with hope and joy.” One of his young students, a girl named Hamsa Padmanabhan, found the pencil toy particularly interesting. “She wrote a 12-page scientific paper on it, which won the second Intel ISEF Top Award of $2,500. Today a minor planet is named after Hamsa,” he said. “Another girl, Durga Jetty, who often learns to make toys from me, made the Bottle Turbine which won her 0.6 million Indian rupees! This is a great achievement.” Needless to say, however, Gupta isn’t in it for the money, nor for the chance to become famous. Instead, he simply wishes to grow a quality in children that he believes they all have. 41．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Not fun. B．Not enough. C．Not cheap. D．Not environmentally-friendly. 42．What was affected by Gupta’s attending the program in 2018? A．His plan for a future career. B．His attitude to challenges. C．His interest in science. D．His understanding of scientific toys. 43．What can be learned about Gupta’s Toys- from-Trash website? A．It has helped him become wealthy. B．It is in great demand. C．It has sent free toys to poor kids. D．It mainly aims to instruct teachers. 44．Why does the author mention the two girls in paragraph 5? A．To show Gupta’s influence on children. B．To encourage children to be scientist. C．To introduce the value of Gupta’s students. D．To explain how to make money from science. 45．Which of the following can best describe Gupta? A．Serious and sincere. B．Polite and responsible. C．Creative and caring. D．Productive and talkative. C Lego, the world’s largest toy company, has built a reputation not only for the durability (耐用性) of its bricks, but also for its large investment in sustainability (可持续性). So it was surprising when the Financial Times reported that Lego had pulled out of its well-known “Bottles to Bricks” project. This ambitious project aimed to replace traditional Lego plastic with a new material made from recycled plastic bottles. However, when Lego assessed the project’s environmental impact throughout its supply chain, it found that producing bricks with recycled plastic would require extra materials and energy to make them durable enough, which would result in higher carbon emissions. Therefore, the company decided to stick with its current fossil fuel-based materials while continuing to search for more sustainable alternatives. Pursuing sustainability requires attention to the entire life cycle of a product, which involves three types of emissions: Scope 1 emissions are generated directly by a company’s internal operations. Scope 2 emissions are caused by generating the electricity, steam, heat or cooling a company consumes. And scope 3 emissions are generated by a company’s supply chain. From 2022 to 2023, Lego’s total emissions increased by 30 percent — even though the company’s scope 2 emissions related to purchased energy decreased by 40 percent. The increase was almost entirely in its scope 3 emissions. Currently, fewer than 30 percent of companies report meaningful scope 3 emissions, in part because these emissions are difficult to track. But as more companies follow in Lego’s footsteps and begin reporting scope 3 emissions, they will likely find themselves in the same position, realizing that efforts to reduce carbon emissions often boil down to supply chain and consumer-use emissions. And the results may force them to make some tough choices. The Lego example serves as a cautionary (警世的) tale in a complex environment for which most companies are not well prepared. As more companies come under examination for their entire carbon footprint, we may see more situations where well-intentioned sustainability efforts come across uncomfortable truths. This calls for a careful understanding of sustainability, not as a list of good deeds, but as a complex, ongoing process that requires carefulness, openness and, above all, a devotion to the benefit of future generations. 46．What made Lego discontinue its “Bottles to Bricks” project? A．High production costs with recycled materials. B．Lack of public support with recycled materials. C．Not too much recycled plastic. D．Environmental issues with recycled materials. 47．What is the feature of scope 3 emissions? A．They are easier to track and control. B．They significantly contribute to carbon emissions. C．They have very small effects on sustainability efforts. D．They mainly come from companies’ internal processes. 48．How does Lego influence other companies according to the text? A．By helping them innovate green materials. B．By reminding them of supply chain emissions. C．By encouraging them to focus on product quality. D．By warning them of unpredictable market conditions. 49．What can be known from the Lego example? A．Companies should prioritize environmental concerns. B．Public awareness and support need to be emphasized. C．Sustainability requires continuous adaptation and efforts. D．Material innovation can ease companies’ environmental issues. 50．What can be the best title for the text? A．Lego’s future: a green and long journey B．The challenges to the toy industry C．The complexities of carbon emissions D．New plastic: a greener alternative D The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good. In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner (抗凝血剂) that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients. These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed. But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society. For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening. Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. 51．The first two paragraphs suggest that _________. A．bad medical outcomes affect doctors B．delivering babies can be difficult work C．some doctors are not very experienced D．doctors sometimes make silly mistakes 52．In the blood-thinner study, doctors_________. A．tend to prescribe less effective medicine B．are more concerned about the patients' safety C．become less confident in writing a prescription D．believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding 53．What does the underlined word “fallout” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Result. B．Benefit. C．Difference. D．Absence. 54．The author develops his idea mainly by _________. A．making comparisons B．giving examples C．using metaphors D．quoting famous sayings 55．The author will probably agree that _________. A．we should not doubt our own decisions B．our experience will pave way for our future C．humans are emotional and irrational on the whole D．instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56．In the old days，women should a______________( 采用)their husbands’ family names after marriage. 57．What happens when food and gasoline s____________ run low? 58．The _____________(大多数) of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children. 59．They_______________ (搬走)the stones and bricks in search of some survivors in the earthquake. 60．He said ___________(干旱) had led to severe crop failure for the second year. 61．If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental a_____________. 62．Sales and profits of that company have grown by an a____________ of 22% over the past three years. 63．What shall we do towards the species which are suffering the danger of ______________ (绝迹)? 64．Silver is the best conductor of e____________ , but it’s quite expensive. That’s why copper, which is cheaper but with almost the same conductivity, is widely used in wires. 65．The area of forest in this area has (减少)by 10%. 66．After weeks of investigation, the police finally managed to e_____________ (确定) the truth that the suspect had lied. 67．The s____________ (员工) asked for 10% raise. 68．Over the past few years police have launched several c____________ to reduce road accidents. 69．I was asked to give a short ______________ (说明) on the aims of the plan. 70．As we all know, the flood really did great h_____________ to the crops there. 71．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him p_____________. 72．His recent success has helped to ______________ (恢复) his faith in his own ability. 73．The advertisement was designed to t_____________ a mass audience. 74．________________（受……影响）by her story, I created the As We Heal, the World Heals project. 75．It is generally believed that the ______________(温室) effect resulting from industrial activities destroys the natural environment. 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In college, Spring Break (春假) is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad. The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字), homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research. The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. In the spring of 2006, about 3,600 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program. Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and the Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.” The Program began in 1991. Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States. 76．Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program? (No more than 12 words) 77．What issues will students deal with in the Program?(No more than 10 words) 78．What is the aim of the Program?(No more than 20 words) 79．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5?(1 word) 80．Would you like to join in the Program? And why? ( No more than 25 words) 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81. 假定你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华，近期你所在的城市正积极投身于“全国绿色城市”的创建活动。请你以“减少碳足迹”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召全校同学从我做起，为建设绿色城市贡献自己的力量，内容包括： 1. 全市环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性； 2. 减少碳足迹的方式； 3. 发出倡议。 参考词汇：碳足迹carbon footprint 注意：(1) 词数不少于100；(2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 试题 第11页（共8页） 试题 第12页（共8页） 试题 第9页（共8页） 试题 第10页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—David, I guess you want to go to play basketball. —_________ . That’s exactly what I was thinking. A．It’s up to you B．You deserve it C．It’s my honour D．You read my mind 2．Students are encouraged to manage their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A．due to B．rather than C．regardless of D．in terms of 3．Middle-aged women are often ________ by the advertisements for cosmetic products (化妆品). A．scared B．defended C．transported D．targeted 4．Failure is unavoidable in our lives._____, many people viewed failure as the beginning of their struggle, rather than the end of it. A．Lately B．Approximately C．Fortunately D．Naturally 5． teaching, our English teacher earned a good reputation in our school. A．Devoting herself to B．Devoted herself to C．Devoting to D．Being devoted to 6．We need to design courses that successfully combine the unique art form and the local culture, which will naturally interest and ______ the children. A．establish B．engage C．ensure D．exist 7．We are making great efforts to urge the public to contribute to ________ environmental development. A．adjustable B．sustainable C．available D．flexible 8．Common sense tells that there is still power loss even when you leave the TV set _______. A．around the corner B．on the edge of your seat C．in its own right D．in the stand-by mode 9．The company will ________ his education background and working experience, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve his application. A．take into account B．account for C．make up for D．make out 10．The company launched a new advertising ______ to introduce its latest product. A．campaign B．phenomenon C．equipment D．certificate 11．The antelope population has ________ and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was ______ from the endangered species list. A．reduced; removed B．recovered; removed C．preserved; moved D．observed; removed 12．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 13．With the attention ________ every student’s understanding, the teacher explained the math problem slowly. A．being focused on B．focused on C．focusing on D．has focused on 14．The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A．which B．how C．what D．that 15．—I wasn’t selected for the competition although I was a member of the school volleyball team. —________. Joining the team is about love of the sport, not just winning. A．Not likely B．My pleasure C．Never mind D．No problem 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is essential for humans and nature to live in harmony. For centuries, people have relied on nature for their 16 . From the air we breathe to the food we eat, nature provides everything we need. However, as human activities have grown, the 17 on the environment has increased. To ensure a sustainable future, we must learn to live 18 alongside nature. Protecting natural 19 is vital. Forests, oceans, and rivers are home to countless species and help balance the Earth’s climate. Cutting down trees, overfishing, and polluting water harm the 20 ecosystems that sustain life. Conservation efforts must be 21 , and we must act quickly to prevent further harm. Another way to achieve harmony with nature is 22 green lifestyles. Recycling, reducing waste, and switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power help 23 greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming. Small 24 , such as using reusable bags or walking instead of driving, can contribute to protecting the planet as well. Education also plays a 25 role. Schools and universities can teach students about environmental conservation and encourage them to take steps. Raising awareness helps create a generation that 26 and protects the environment we live in. Governments and international organizations must take responsibility. Passing laws to 27 pollution, deforestation, and illegal hunting can benefit wildlife and ecosystems. Nature reserves and national parks are essential for preserving 28 and providing shelters for endangered species. Humans depend on nature for living, and nature counts on us for protection. Every decision we make has a(n) 29 , and small initiatives can lead to significant 30 . Together, we must build a 31 future where humans and nature thrive in balance. In conclusion, achieving harmony with nature 32 personal responsibility, education, and government 33 . By protecting resources, reducing pollution, and raising awareness, we can 34 a better world for future generations. Each of us has the power to make choices that will 35 the world for the better. 16．A．custom B．safety C．survival D．unity 17．A．stress B．share C．balance D．comfort 18．A．dramatically B．seemingly C．urgently D．responsibly 19．A．sources B．resources C．fuels D．regions 20．A．substantial B．visual C．delicate D．obvious 21．A．restricted B．detracted C．addressed D．promoted 22．A．adopting B．adapting C．assisting D．accompanying 23．A．track B．combat C．release D．clarify 24．A．components B．functions C．actions D．replies 25．A．crucial B．subsequent C．inclusive D．fierce 26．A．dedicates B．estimates C．values D．conceives 27．A．occupy B．endure C．generate D．limit 28．A．commitment B．biodiversity C．guidance D．boundary 29．A．damage B．benefit C．impact D．effort 30．A．changes B．intentions C．attempts D．appetite 31．A．fortunate B．flourishing C．memorable D．mysterious 32．A．requires B．invents C．invests D．reacts 33．A．routine B．status C．tendency D．policies 34．A．ensure B．explode C．motivate D．expand 35．A．greet B．shape C．perform D．demand 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A great family day out doesn’t have to be expensive. Sometimes just going for a walk can be fun, educational, and a chance to make special memories together and share some wonderful time. Here are a few of our family-friendly favourites. Blickling Estate, Norfolk This four-mile multi-use path has a surface that’s great for pushchairs (折叠式婴儿车) . If you’re out for a family walk and the kids won’t leave the house without their pushbikes, then this is perfect for them. Please keep in mind that you’ll need to book a ticket before visiting. Coughton Court family walk, Warwickshire Get your boots on and go for a gentle walk at Coughton Court. This walk will take you across a field with grass and flowers. You’ll need to book a ticket before visiting, though. Corfe Common history walk A gentle walk exploring historic Corfe Castle. The kids will love checking out the castle ruins. Don’t forget to book a ticket before visiting. Crom wildlife walk This walk through the nature reserve (保护区) at Crom, Northern Ireland is filled with wildlife. You could also come across one of the oldest yew trees in Ireland. This easy walk is great for all the family to get some fresh air. Booking a ticket before visiting is a must. Sutton Hoo, Suffolk This is a great walk for little legs. This beautiful area is home to one of the greatest archaeological (考古学的) discoveries of all time. Even though no tours or guides are currently offered, you can still walk around the ancient places. Tickets are required before visiting. 36．What do we know about Blickling Estate? A．It is famous for its wildlife. B．It is pushchair-friendly. C．It is an adventurous place for adults. D．It is home to the world’s oldest yew trees. 37．What can you enjoy at Coughton Court? A．Animals. B．Buildings. C．Plants. D．Forests. 38．Which walk should you choose if you want to see the castle ruins? A．Corfe Common history walk. B．Coughton Court family walk. C．Crom wildlife walk. D．Sutton Hoo walk. 39．What do these five walks have in common? A．They have guides. B．They are unfit for elders. C．They include exploring historic buildings. D．They need to be booked ahead of time. 40．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend several family-friendly places. B．To introduce several places of interest. C．To plan a great family day. D．To encourage people to take a walk. B Children in the developed world have a lot of choices when it comes to scientific toys. In the developing world, however, scientific toys are relatively scarce. So, what’s an adult to do if they want to get local children interested in science? Well, in the case of Arvind Gupta, they show the kids how to make scientific toys from rubbish. When Gupta graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, he went on to work at Tata Motors, where he helped to build trucks. After five years of doing so, however, he decided that it wasn’t the career for him. In 2018, he took a one-year leave from his job, and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program. “The objective was to make science fun and exciting for village children using simple, low- cost materials, ” he said. “This experience had a great influence on me. I thought it was much more satisfying than making trucks.” Gupta continued to design scientific toys that children could build for themselves out of cheap or free parts. Today, he is part of the four-person team that runs the Children’s Science Center. Together, they have designed about 800 rubbish-based educational toys so far. Instructions and explanations for all of the toys are available free through their Toys-from-Trash website. “Every day over 50,000 children and teachers across the world watch these videos,” said Gupta. “Thousands of books are downloaded (下载) every day and this fills our hearts with hope and joy.” One of his young students, a girl named Hamsa Padmanabhan, found the pencil toy particularly interesting. “She wrote a 12-page scientific paper on it, which won the second Intel ISEF Top Award of $2,500. Today a minor planet is named after Hamsa,” he said. “Another girl, Durga Jetty, who often learns to make toys from me, made the Bottle Turbine which won her 0.6 million Indian rupees! This is a great achievement.” Needless to say, however, Gupta isn’t in it for the money, nor for the chance to become famous. Instead, he simply wishes to grow a quality in children that he believes they all have. 41．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Not fun. B．Not enough. C．Not cheap. D．Not environmentally-friendly. 42．What was affected by Gupta’s attending the program in 2018? A．His plan for a future career. B．His attitude to challenges. C．His interest in science. D．His understanding of scientific toys. 43．What can be learned about Gupta’s Toys- from-Trash website? A．It has helped him become wealthy. B．It is in great demand. C．It has sent free toys to poor kids. D．It mainly aims to instruct teachers. 44．Why does the author mention the two girls in paragraph 5? A．To show Gupta’s influence on children. B．To encourage children to be scientist. C．To introduce the value of Gupta’s students. D．To explain how to make money from science. 45．Which of the following can best describe Gupta? A．Serious and sincere. B．Polite and responsible. C．Creative and caring. D．Productive and talkative. C Lego, the world’s largest toy company, has built a reputation not only for the durability (耐用性) of its bricks, but also for its large investment in sustainability (可持续性). So it was surprising when the Financial Times reported that Lego had pulled out of its well-known “Bottles to Bricks” project. This ambitious project aimed to replace traditional Lego plastic with a new material made from recycled plastic bottles. However, when Lego assessed the project’s environmental impact throughout its supply chain, it found that producing bricks with recycled plastic would require extra materials and energy to make them durable enough, which would result in higher carbon emissions. Therefore, the company decided to stick with its current fossil fuel-based materials while continuing to search for more sustainable alternatives. Pursuing sustainability requires attention to the entire life cycle of a product, which involves three types of emissions: Scope 1 emissions are generated directly by a company’s internal operations. Scope 2 emissions are caused by generating the electricity, steam, heat or cooling a company consumes. And scope 3 emissions are generated by a company’s supply chain. From 2022 to 2023, Lego’s total emissions increased by 30 percent — even though the company’s scope 2 emissions related to purchased energy decreased by 40 percent. The increase was almost entirely in its scope 3 emissions. Currently, fewer than 30 percent of companies report meaningful scope 3 emissions, in part because these emissions are difficult to track. But as more companies follow in Lego’s footsteps and begin reporting scope 3 emissions, they will likely find themselves in the same position, realizing that efforts to reduce carbon emissions often boil down to supply chain and consumer-use emissions. And the results may force them to make some tough choices. The Lego example serves as a cautionary (警世的) tale in a complex environment for which most companies are not well prepared. As more companies come under examination for their entire carbon footprint, we may see more situations where well-intentioned sustainability efforts come across uncomfortable truths. This calls for a careful understanding of sustainability, not as a list of good deeds, but as a complex, ongoing process that requires carefulness, openness and, above all, a devotion to the benefit of future generations. 46．What made Lego discontinue its “Bottles to Bricks” project? A．High production costs with recycled materials. B．Lack of public support with recycled materials. C．Not too much recycled plastic. D．Environmental issues with recycled materials. 47．What is the feature of scope 3 emissions? A．They are easier to track and control. B．They significantly contribute to carbon emissions. C．They have very small effects on sustainability efforts. D．They mainly come from companies’ internal processes. 48．How does Lego influence other companies according to the text? A．By helping them innovate green materials. B．By reminding them of supply chain emissions. C．By encouraging them to focus on product quality. D．By warning them of unpredictable market conditions. 49．What can be known from the Lego example? A．Companies should prioritize environmental concerns. B．Public awareness and support need to be emphasized. C．Sustainability requires continuous adaptation and efforts. D．Material innovation can ease companies’ environmental issues. 50．What can be the best title for the text? A．Lego’s future: a green and long journey B．The challenges to the toy industry C．The complexities of carbon emissions D．New plastic: a greener alternative D The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good. In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner (抗凝血剂) that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients. These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed. But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society. For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening. Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. 51．The first two paragraphs suggest that _________. A．bad medical outcomes affect doctors B．delivering babies can be difficult work C．some doctors are not very experienced D．doctors sometimes make silly mistakes 52．In the blood-thinner study, doctors_________. A．tend to prescribe less effective medicine B．are more concerned about the patients' safety C．become less confident in writing a prescription D．believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding 53．What does the underlined word “fallout” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Result. B．Benefit. C．Difference. D．Absence. 54．The author develops his idea mainly by _________. A．making comparisons B．giving examples C．using metaphors D．quoting famous sayings 55．The author will probably agree that _________. A．we should not doubt our own decisions B．our experience will pave way for our future C．humans are emotional and irrational on the whole D．instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56．In the old days，women should a______________( 采用)their husbands’ family names after marriage. 57．What happens when food and gasoline s____________ run low? 58．The _____________(大多数) of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children. 59．They_______________ (搬走)the stones and bricks in search of some survivors in the earthquake. 60．He said ___________(干旱) had led to severe crop failure for the second year. 61．If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental a_____________. 62．Sales and profits of that company have grown by an a____________ of 22% over the past three years. 63．What shall we do towards the species which are suffering the danger of ______________ (绝迹)? 64．Silver is the best conductor of e____________ , but it’s quite expensive. That’s why copper, which is cheaper but with almost the same conductivity, is widely used in wires. 65．The area of forest in this area has (减少)by 10%. 66．After weeks of investigation, the police finally managed to e_____________ (确定) the truth that the suspect had lied. 67．The s____________ (员工) asked for 10% raise. 68．Over the past few years police have launched several c____________ to reduce road accidents. 69．I was asked to give a short ______________ (说明) on the aims of the plan. 70．As we all know, the flood really did great h_____________ to the crops there. 71．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him p_____________. 72．His recent success has helped to ______________ (恢复) his faith in his own ability. 73．The advertisement was designed to t_____________ a mass audience. 74．________________（受……影响）by her story, I created the As We Heal, the World Heals project. 75．It is generally believed that the ______________(温室) effect resulting from industrial activities destroys the natural environment. 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In college, Spring Break (春假) is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad. The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字), homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research. The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. In the spring of 2006, about 3,600 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program. Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and the Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.” The Program began in 1991. Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States. 76．Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program? (No more than 12 words) 77．What issues will students deal with in the Program?(No more than 10 words) 78．What is the aim of the Program?(No more than 20 words) 79．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5?(1 word) 80．Would you like to join in the Program? And why? ( No more than 25 words) 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81. 假定你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华，近期你所在的城市正积极投身于“全国绿色城市”的创建活动。请你以“减少碳足迹”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召全校同学从我做起，为建设绿色城市贡献自己的力量，内容包括： 1. 全市环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性； 2. 减少碳足迹的方式； 3. 发出倡议。 参考词汇：碳足迹carbon footprint 注意：(1) 词数不少于100；(2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 2 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—David, I guess you want to go to play basketball. —_________ . That’s exactly what I was thinking. A．It’s up to you B．You deserve it C．It’s my honour D．You read my mind 【答案】D 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——大卫，我猜你想去打篮球。——你太懂我了。那正是我在想的事。A. It’s up to you由你决定；B. You deserve it你应得的；C. It’s my honour这是我的荣幸；D. You read my mind你太懂我了、你猜中了我的心思。根据“That’s exactly what I was thinking.”可知，“那正是我在想的事”说明对方猜对了自己的想法，“You read my mind”符合“猜中他人心思”的语境。故选D项。 2．Students are encouraged to manage their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A．due to B．rather than C．regardless of D．in terms of 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：鼓励学生自主管理学习，而非仅仅依赖老师。A. due to由于；B. rather than而非，而不是；C. regardless of不管，不顾；D. in terms of就……而言。根据“manage their own learning”和“just depending on the teacher”可知，此处指鼓励自主管理学习而非仅仅依靠老师。故选B。 3．Middle-aged women are often ________ by the advertisements for cosmetic products (化妆品). A．scared B．defended C．transported D．targeted 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中年妇女经常成为化妆品广告的目标顾客。A. scared使惊恐；B. defended辩护；C. transported运输；D. targeted面向；把……对准。根据the advertisements for cosmetic products (化妆品)可知，此处指化妆品广告经常面向中年妇女。故选D。 4．Failure is unavoidable in our lives._____, many people viewed failure as the beginning of their struggle, rather than the end of it. A．Lately B．Approximately C．Fortunately D．Naturally 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词。句意：在我们的生活中，失败是不可避免的。幸运的是，很多人把失败看作是奋斗的开始，而不是结束。A. Lately最近；B.Approximately大约；C. Fortunately幸运的是；D. Naturally自然而然地。后文提到“…viewed failure as the beginning of their struggle”，是指好的方面，应用副词fortunately。故选C。 5． teaching, our English teacher earned a good reputation in our school. A．Devoting herself to B．Devoted herself to C．Devoting to D．Being devoted to 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：我们的英语老师致力于教学，在学校里赢得了良好的声誉。固定短语devote oneself to致力于，设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语our English teacher之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语，即用devoting herself to；也可以用短语be devoted to，把be去掉，放句首作状语，即用devoted to。位于句首，首字母应大写。故选A。 6．We need to design courses that successfully combine the unique art form and the local culture, which will naturally interest and ______ the children. A．establish B．engage C．ensure D．exist 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要设计成功地将独特的艺术形式和当地文化相结合的课程，这将自然引起孩子们的兴趣和吸引他们的注意力。A. establish建立；B. engage吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；C. ensure确保；D. exist存在。结合and前面的interest可知，此处含义与interest相似，为吸引住注意力、兴趣，用engage，故选B项。 7．We are making great efforts to urge the public to contribute to ________ environmental development. A．adjustable B．sustainable C．available D．flexible 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正在努力敦促公众为可持续的环境发展做出贡献。A. adjustable可调整的；B. sustainable可持续的；C. available可获得的；D. flexible灵活的。根据句意可知，此处为形容词sustainable“可持续的”作定语，sustainable environmental development“可持续的环境发展”满足句意要求。故选B项。 8．Common sense tells that there is still power loss even when you leave the TV set _______. A．around the corner B．on the edge of your seat C．in its own right D．in the stand-by mode 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：常识告诉我们，即使把电视置于待机模式，仍会有电量损耗。A. around the corner在附近，即将来临；B. on the edge of your seat坐立不安，十分兴奋；C. in its own right凭自身的权利，本身；D. in the stand-by mode在待机模式下。根据power loss可知，此处讨论电视的耗电状态，即使在待机模式，电视仍会有电量损耗，in the stand-by mode符合语境。故选D。 9．The company will ________ his education background and working experience, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve his application. A．take into account B．account for C．make up for D．make out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：公司将会考虑他的教育背景和工作经验，然后决定是否批准他的申请。A. take into account考虑；B. account for解释，说明；C. make up for弥补；D. make out理解，辨认出。由语意可知，公司需要综合考虑他的教育背景和工作经验，才能做出是否批准申请的决定。因此，最符合句意的选项是A项。故选A项。 10．The company launched a new advertising ______ to introduce its latest product. A．campaign B．phenomenon C．equipment D．certificate 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司发起了一场新的广告宣传活动来介绍其最新产品。A. campaign运动，活动；B. phenomenon现象；C. equipment设备；D. certificate证明，合格证书。根据“to introduce its latest product”可知，此处指“该公司发起了一场新的广告宣传活动”，故选A。 11．The antelope population has ________ and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was ______ from the endangered species list. A．reduced; removed B．recovered; removed C．preserved; moved D．observed; removed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：藏羚羊的数量已经恢复，并且在2015年6月，藏羚羊从濒危物种名录中被移除。A. reduced减少；removed移除；B. recovered恢复；removed移除；C. preserved保护；moved移动，搬迁；D. observed观察；removed移除。根据“from the endangered species list”可知，第二空应是藏羚羊从濒危物种名录中被移除；结合“the Tibetan antelope was ______ from the endangered species list”可知，第一空应是藏羚羊数量已经恢复。故选B。 12．The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。 13．With the attention ________ every student’s understanding, the teacher explained the math problem slowly. A．being focused on B．focused on C．focusing on D．has focused on 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师把注意力集中在每个学生的理解上，慢慢地解释这道数学题。此处是with复合结构，attention和focus on之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故选B。 14．The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A．which B．how C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：查理·卓别林最有趣的地方是他在扮演流浪汉时的走路方式。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可以用that、in which或者省略关系词。故选D。 15．—I wasn’t selected for the competition although I was a member of the school volleyball team. —________. Joining the team is about love of the sport, not just winning. A．Not likely B．My pleasure C．Never mind D．No problem 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——尽管我是学校排球队的队员，但我没有被选去参加比赛。——别在意。加入球队是出于对这项运动的热爱，而不只是为了获胜。A. Not likely不太可能；B. My pleasure别客气；C. Never mind别在意，没关系；D. No problem没问题。根据“Joining the team is about love of the sport, not just winning.”可知，让对方别在意，安慰对方没被选上。故选C。 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is essential for humans and nature to live in harmony. For centuries, people have relied on nature for their 16 . From the air we breathe to the food we eat, nature provides everything we need. However, as human activities have grown, the 17 on the environment has increased. To ensure a sustainable future, we must learn to live 18 alongside nature. Protecting natural 19 is vital. Forests, oceans, and rivers are home to countless species and help balance the Earth’s climate. Cutting down trees, overfishing, and polluting water harm the 20 ecosystems that sustain life. Conservation efforts must be 21 , and we must act quickly to prevent further harm. Another way to achieve harmony with nature is 22 green lifestyles. Recycling, reducing waste, and switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power help 23 greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming. Small 24 , such as using reusable bags or walking instead of driving, can contribute to protecting the planet as well. Education also plays a 25 role. Schools and universities can teach students about environmental conservation and encourage them to take steps. Raising awareness helps create a generation that 26 and protects the environment we live in. Governments and international organizations must take responsibility. Passing laws to 27 pollution, deforestation, and illegal hunting can benefit wildlife and ecosystems. Nature reserves and national parks are essential for preserving 28 and providing shelters for endangered species. Humans depend on nature for living, and nature counts on us for protection. Every decision we make has a(n) 29 , and small initiatives can lead to significant 30 . Together, we must build a 31 future where humans and nature thrive in balance. In conclusion, achieving harmony with nature 32 personal responsibility, education, and government 33 . By protecting resources, reducing pollution, and raising awareness, we can 34 a better world for future generations. Each of us has the power to make choices that will 35 the world for the better. 16．A．custom B．safety C．survival D．unity 17．A．stress B．share C．balance D．comfort 18．A．dramatically B．seemingly C．urgently D．responsibly 19．A．sources B．resources C．fuels D．regions 20．A．substantial B．visual C．delicate D．obvious 21．A．restricted B．detracted C．addressed D．promoted 22．A．adopting B．adapting C．assisting D．accompanying 23．A．track B．combat C．release D．clarify 24．A．components B．functions C．actions D．replies 25．A．crucial B．subsequent C．inclusive D．fierce 26．A．dedicates B．estimates C．values D．conceives 27．A．occupy B．endure C．generate D．limit 28．A．commitment B．biodiversity C．guidance D．boundary 29．A．damage B．benefit C．impact D．effort 30．A．changes B．intentions C．attempts D．appetite 31．A．fortunate B．flourishing C．memorable D．mysterious 32．A．requires B．invents C．invests D．reacts 33．A．routine B．status C．tendency D．policies 34．A．ensure B．explode C．motivate D．expand 35．A．greet B．shape C．perform D．demand 【答案】 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出几个世纪以来人类依赖自然生存，但人类活动给环境带来压力，强调为确保可持续未来，需负责任地与自然共存，阐述了个人、教育、政府在保护自然方面可采取的行动及其重要性。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，人们依靠大自然生存。A. custom习俗；B. safety安全；C. survival生存；D. unity团结。根据下文“From the air we breathe to the food we eat, nature provides everything we need.”可知，大自然提供了我们所需要的一切，因此是说人们依靠大自然生存，下文的“Humans depend on nature for living”也是提示，survival与living呼应。故选C。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着人类活动的增加，对环境的压力也在增加。A. stress压力；B. share份额；C. balance平衡；D. comfort舒适。根据上文“as human activities have grown”可知，人类活动增加会导致环境的压力也在增加。故选A。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了确保可持续的未来，我们必须学会以负责任的方式与自然共存。A. dramatically显著地；B. seemingly似乎；C. urgently紧急地；D. responsibly负责地。根据上文“To ensure a sustainable future”可知，确保可持续的未来需要我们学会以负责任的方式与自然共存。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：保护自然资源至关重要。A. sources来源；B. resources资源；C. fuels燃料；D. regions地区。根据下文“Forests, oceans, and rivers are home to countless species and help balance the Earth’s climate.”可知，森林、海洋和河流有助于平衡地球的气候，因此是说保护这些自然资源至关重要，下文的“By protecting resources”也是提示，resources有同词复现。故选B。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：砍伐树木、过度捕捞和污染水源会损害维持生命的脆弱生态系统。A. substantial大量的；B. visual视觉的；C. delicate脆弱的；D. obvious明显的。根据文章主要论述保护自然的重要性，以及下文“ecosystems that sustain life”可推知，这里指生态系统很脆弱。故选C。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：必须推进保护工作，我们必须迅速采取行动，防止进一步的危害。A. restricted限制；B. detracted转移；C. addressed处理；D. promoted推进。根据下文“we must act quickly to prevent further harm”可知，这里强调我们必须迅速采取行动，防止进一步的危害，与之并列的应该是推进保护工作。故选D。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种与自然和谐相处的方式是采用绿色生活方式。A. adopting采用；B. adapting适应；C. assisting协助；D. accompanying陪伴。根据下文“Recycling, reducing waste, and switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power”可知，回收利用、减少浪费，以及转向使用太阳能和风能等可再生能源，都属于采用绿色生活方式。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回收利用、减少浪费，以及转向使用太阳能和风能等可再生能源，有助于对抗导致全球变暖的温室气体。A. track追踪；B. combat对抗；C. release释放；D. clarify澄清。根据上文“Recycling, reducing waste, and switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power”可知，回收利用、减少浪费，以及转向使用太阳能和风能等可再生能源都是绿色的行为，可以对抗温室气体。故选B。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小的行动，比如使用可重复使用的袋子或走路代替开车，也可以为保护地球做出贡献。A. components组成部分；B. functions功能；C. actions行动；D. replies回复。根据下文“such as using reusable bags or walking instead of driving”可知，使用可重复使用的袋子或走路代替开车等，都属于为环保做出的小的行动。故选C。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教育也起着至关重要的作用。A. crucial至关重要的；B. subsequent随后的；C. inclusive包含的；D. fierce激烈的。根据上文“Protecting natural ___19___ is vital.”和句中的“also”可知，这里是呼应上文，指教育也起着至关重要的作用，crucial呼应上文的vital。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：提高意识有助于培养重视和保护我们所生活的环境的一代人。A. dedicates致力于；B. estimates估计；C. values重视；D. conceives构思。根据上文“Raising awareness”可知，提高学生的意识可以让他们重视环境，从而去保护环境。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过法律限制污染、森林砍伐和非法狩猎可以使野生动物和生态系统受益。A. occupy占据；B. endure忍受；C. generate产生；D. limit限制。根据下文“can benefit wildlife and ecosystems”可知，能使野生动物和生态系统受益的应该是用法律限制污染、森林砍伐和非法狩猎。故选D。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区和国家公园对于保护生物多样性和为濒危物种提供庇护所至关重要。A. commitment承诺；B. biodiversity生物多样性；C. guidance指导；D. boundary边界。根据上文“Nature reserves and national parks”可知，自然保护区和国家公园对保护生物多样性很重要。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们做的每一个决定都有影响，小的行动可以导致重大的变化。A. damage损害；B. benefit益处；C. impact影响；D. effort努力。根据上文“Humans depend on nature for living, and nature counts on us for protection.”可知，这里强调我们应当保护自然，指我们做的决定会影响自然。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们做的每一个决定都有影响，小的行动可以导致重大的变化。A. changes变化；B. intentions意图；C. attempts尝试；D. appetite胃口。根据上文“small initiatives”可知，保护自然的小行动也会带来重大的变化。故选A。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们必须共同建设一个人类与自然平衡发展的繁荣未来。A. fortunate幸运的；B. flourishing繁荣的；C. memorable难忘的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据下文“where humans and nature thrive in balance”可知，人类与自然平衡发展的情况下，未来将会是繁荣的。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，实现与自然的和谐需要个人责任、教育和政府政策。A. requires需要；B. invents发明；C. invests投资；D. reacts反应。根据上文“achieving harmony with nature”和下文“personal responsibility, education, and government ___33___”可知，实现与自然的和谐这一目标需要多方的共同努力。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总之，实现与自然的和谐需要个人责任、教育和政府政策。A. routine日常；B. status地位；C. tendency趋势；D. policies政策。根据上文“Passing laws to ___27___ pollution, deforestation, and illegal hunting can benefit wildlife and ecosystems. Nature reserves and national parks are essential for preserving ___28___ and providing shelters for endangered species.”可知，通过法律、建设自然保护区和国家公园都属于政府层面的政策。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过保护资源、减少污染和提高意识，我们可以确保为子孙后代创造一个更美好的世界。A. ensure确保；B. explode爆炸；C. motivate激励；D. expand扩大。根据上文“To ensure a sustainable future”可知，这里呼应上文的确保可持续的未来，指确保为子孙后代创造一个更美好的世界，ensure有同词复现。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都有能力做出塑造一个更美好的世界的选择。A. greet迎接；B. shape塑造；C. perform执行；D. demand要求。根据上文“Each of us has the power to make choices”可知，我们每个人所做的选择都会影响自然环境，这些选择能够帮助塑造一个更美好的世界。故选B。 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A great family day out doesn’t have to be expensive. Sometimes just going for a walk can be fun, educational, and a chance to make special memories together and share some wonderful time. Here are a few of our family-friendly favourites. Blickling Estate, Norfolk This four-mile multi-use path has a surface that’s great for pushchairs (折叠式婴儿车) . If you’re out for a family walk and the kids won’t leave the house without their pushbikes, then this is perfect for them. Please keep in mind that you’ll need to book a ticket before visiting. Coughton Court family walk, Warwickshire Get your boots on and go for a gentle walk at Coughton Court. This walk will take you across a field with grass and flowers. You’ll need to book a ticket before visiting, though. Corfe Common history walk A gentle walk exploring historic Corfe Castle. The kids will love checking out the castle ruins. Don’t forget to book a ticket before visiting. Crom wildlife walk This walk through the nature reserve (保护区) at Crom, Northern Ireland is filled with wildlife. You could also come across one of the oldest yew trees in Ireland. This easy walk is great for all the family to get some fresh air. Booking a ticket before visiting is a must. Sutton Hoo, Suffolk This is a great walk for little legs. This beautiful area is home to one of the greatest archaeological (考古学的) discoveries of all time. Even though no tours or guides are currently offered, you can still walk around the ancient places. Tickets are required before visiting. 36．What do we know about Blickling Estate? A．It is famous for its wildlife. B．It is pushchair-friendly. C．It is an adventurous place for adults. D．It is home to the world’s oldest yew trees. 37．What can you enjoy at Coughton Court? A．Animals. B．Buildings. C．Plants. D．Forests. 38．Which walk should you choose if you want to see the castle ruins? A．Corfe Common history walk. B．Coughton Court family walk. C．Crom wildlife walk. D．Sutton Hoo walk. 39．What do these five walks have in common? A．They have guides. B．They are unfit for elders. C．They include exploring historic buildings. D．They need to be booked ahead of time. 40．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend several family-friendly places. B．To introduce several places of interest. C．To plan a great family day. D．To encourage people to take a walk. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五个适合家庭出行的步行地点，这些地点不仅有趣且富有教育意义，还能让家人共同创造美好回忆。 36．细节理解题。根据Blickling Estate, Norfolk部分中的“This four-mile multi-use path has a surface that’s great for pushchairs (折叠式婴儿车). (这条四英里的多功能小径路面非常适合折叠式婴儿车。)”可知，Blickling Estate的路面非常适合折叠式婴儿车，即它对推婴儿车的人很友好。故选B项。 37．细节理解题。根据Coughton Court family walk, Warwickshire部分中的“Get your boots on and go for a gentle walk at Coughton Court. This walk will take you across a field with grass and flowers. (穿上靴子，在Coughton Court悠闲地散步吧。这条小路将带你穿过一片长满草和花的田野。)”可知，在Coughton Court可以欣赏到草和花等植物。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据Corfe Common history walk部分中的“A gentle walk exploring historic Corfe Castle. The kids will love checking out the castle ruins. (一条悠闲的小路，探索历史悠久的Corfe城堡。孩子们会喜欢参观城堡废墟的。)”可知，如果想看城堡废墟，应选择Corfe Common history walk。故选A项。 39．细节理解题。根据Blickling Estate, Norfolk部分中的“Please keep in mind that you’ll need to book a ticket before visiting. (请记住，参观前需要预订门票。)”；Coughton Court family walk, Warwickshire部分中的“You’ll need to book a ticket before visiting, though. (不过，你需要在参观前预订门票。)”；Corfe Common history walk部分中的“Don’t forget to book a ticket before visiting. (别忘了参观前预订门票。)”；Crom wildlife walk部分中的“Booking a ticket before visiting is a must. (参观前必须预订门票。)”以及Sutton Hoo, Suffolk部分中的“Tickets are required before visiting. (参观前需要门票。)”可知，这五个步行地点的共同之处是都需要提前预订门票。故选D项。 40．推理判断题。根据第一段“A great family day out doesn’t have to be expensive. Sometimes just going for a walk can be fun, educational, and a chance to make special memories together and share some wonderful time. Here are a few of our family-friendly favourites. (一个很棒的家庭出游日不一定要花很多钱。有时候，只是出去散散步也能很有趣，很有教育意义，也是一个共同创造特别回忆、分享美好时光的机会。以下是我们最喜欢的一些适合家庭出游的地方。)”以及下文对五个步行地点的介绍可知，文章的目的是推荐几个适合家庭出游的地方。故选A项。 B Children in the developed world have a lot of choices when it comes to scientific toys. In the developing world, however, scientific toys are relatively scarce. So, what’s an adult to do if they want to get local children interested in science? Well, in the case of Arvind Gupta, they show the kids how to make scientific toys from rubbish. When Gupta graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, he went on to work at Tata Motors, where he helped to build trucks. After five years of doing so, however, he decided that it wasn’t the career for him. In 2018, he took a one-year leave from his job, and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program. “The objective was to make science fun and exciting for village children using simple, low- cost materials, ” he said. “This experience had a great influence on me. I thought it was much more satisfying than making trucks.” Gupta continued to design scientific toys that children could build for themselves out of cheap or free parts. Today, he is part of the four-person team that runs the Children’s Science Center. Together, they have designed about 800 rubbish-based educational toys so far. Instructions and explanations for all of the toys are available free through their Toys-from-Trash website. “Every day over 50,000 children and teachers across the world watch these videos,” said Gupta. “Thousands of books are downloaded (下载) every day and this fills our hearts with hope and joy.” One of his young students, a girl named Hamsa Padmanabhan, found the pencil toy particularly interesting. “She wrote a 12-page scientific paper on it, which won the second Intel ISEF Top Award of $2,500. Today a minor planet is named after Hamsa,” he said. “Another girl, Durga Jetty, who often learns to make toys from me, made the Bottle Turbine which won her 0.6 million Indian rupees! This is a great achievement.” Needless to say, however, Gupta isn’t in it for the money, nor for the chance to become famous. Instead, he simply wishes to grow a quality in children that he believes they all have. 41．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Not fun. B．Not enough. C．Not cheap. D．Not environmentally-friendly. 42．What was affected by Gupta’s attending the program in 2018? A．His plan for a future career. B．His attitude to challenges. C．His interest in science. D．His understanding of scientific toys. 43．What can be learned about Gupta’s Toys- from-Trash website? A．It has helped him become wealthy. B．It is in great demand. C．It has sent free toys to poor kids. D．It mainly aims to instruct teachers. 44．Why does the author mention the two girls in paragraph 5? A．To show Gupta’s influence on children. B．To encourage children to be scientist. C．To introduce the value of Gupta’s students. D．To explain how to make money from science. 45．Which of the following can best describe Gupta? A．Serious and sincere. B．Polite and responsible. C．Creative and caring. D．Productive and talkative. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arvind Gupta放弃原有工作，设计垃圾制作的科学玩具，助力发展中国家儿童接触科学的故事。 41．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Children in the developed world have a lot of choices when it comes to scientific toys. In the developing world, however, scientific toys are relatively scarce.(发达国家的儿童在科学玩具方面有很多选择。然而，在发展中国家，科学玩具相对scarce)”可知，前后句为转折关系，发达国家儿童有很多选择，反之发展中国家的科学玩具则不足，由此猜测划线词scarce意为“不够的；稀缺的”，和not enough同义。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, he took a one-year leave from his job, and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program.(2018年，他请假一年，参加了霍尚加巴德科学教学项目)”和“This experience had a great influence on me. I thought it was much more satisfying than making trucks.(这段经历对我影响很大。我觉得这比制造卡车更令人满意)”可知，2018年参加的项目让他改变了职业认知，影响了他未来的职业规划。故选A。 43．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Every day over 50,000 children and teachers across the world watch these videos,” said Gupta. “Thousands of books are downloaded every day and this fills our hearts with hope and joy.(古普塔说：“每天全世界有超过5万名儿童和教师观看这些视频。”“每天有数千本书被下载，这让我们心中充满了希望和喜悦。”)”可知，网站的视频和书籍每天有大量浏览量和下载量，说明需求很大。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“One of his young students, a girl named Hamsa Padmanabhan, found the pencil toy particularly interesting. “She wrote a 12-page scientific paper on it, which won the second Intel ISEF Top Award of $2,500. Today a minor planet is named after Hamsa,” he said.(他的一名年轻学生 —— 名叫哈姆萨・帕德马纳班的女孩，觉得这个铅笔玩具特别有趣。“她为此撰写了一篇12页的科学论文，还获得了英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛二等奖，奖金2500美元。如今，一颗小行星以哈姆萨的名字命名。” 他说道)”和“Another girl, Durga Jetty, who often learns to make toys from me, made the Bottle Turbine which won her 0.6 million Indian rupees! This is a great achievement.(另一个女孩，杜尔加·杰蒂，经常向我学习制作玩具，她制作的瓶子涡轮机赢得了60万印度卢比！这是一个伟大的成就)”可知，两个女孩通过学习古普塔设计的玩具取得了成就，作者提及她们是为了体现古普塔对儿童的积极影响。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Gupta continued to design scientific toys that children could build for themselves out of cheap or free parts.(古普塔继续设计儿童可以用廉价或免费零件自己制作的科学玩具)”和“Together, they have designed about 800 rubbish-based educational toys so far.(到目前为止，他们一起设计了大约800款以垃圾为原料的益智玩具)”可知，古普塔利用垃圾等低成本材料设计科学玩具，体现了他的创造力。再根据第二段中的“The objective was to make science fun and exciting for village children using simple, low-cost materials.(其目的是用简单、低成本的材料，让乡村儿童感受到科学的乐趣和魅力)”以及最后一段“Needless to say, however, Gupta isn’t in it for the money, nor for the chance to become famous. Instead, he simply wishes to grow a quality in children that he believes they all have.(不过不用说，古普塔做这件事不是为了钱，也不是为了成名的机会。相反，他只是希望在孩子们身上培养一种他认为他们都具备的品质)”可知，他致力于让发展中国家的儿童接触科学，且不追求名利，体现了他对儿童的关爱。故选C。 C Lego, the world’s largest toy company, has built a reputation not only for the durability (耐用性) of its bricks, but also for its large investment in sustainability (可持续性). So it was surprising when the Financial Times reported that Lego had pulled out of its well-known “Bottles to Bricks” project. This ambitious project aimed to replace traditional Lego plastic with a new material made from recycled plastic bottles. However, when Lego assessed the project’s environmental impact throughout its supply chain, it found that producing bricks with recycled plastic would require extra materials and energy to make them durable enough, which would result in higher carbon emissions. Therefore, the company decided to stick with its current fossil fuel-based materials while continuing to search for more sustainable alternatives. Pursuing sustainability requires attention to the entire life cycle of a product, which involves three types of emissions: Scope 1 emissions are generated directly by a company’s internal operations. Scope 2 emissions are caused by generating the electricity, steam, heat or cooling a company consumes. And scope 3 emissions are generated by a company’s supply chain. From 2022 to 2023, Lego’s total emissions increased by 30 percent — even though the company’s scope 2 emissions related to purchased energy decreased by 40 percent. The increase was almost entirely in its scope 3 emissions. Currently, fewer than 30 percent of companies report meaningful scope 3 emissions, in part because these emissions are difficult to track. But as more companies follow in Lego’s footsteps and begin reporting scope 3 emissions, they will likely find themselves in the same position, realizing that efforts to reduce carbon emissions often boil down to supply chain and consumer-use emissions. And the results may force them to make some tough choices. The Lego example serves as a cautionary (警世的) tale in a complex environment for which most companies are not well prepared. As more companies come under examination for their entire carbon footprint, we may see more situations where well-intentioned sustainability efforts come across uncomfortable truths. This calls for a careful understanding of sustainability, not as a list of good deeds, but as a complex, ongoing process that requires carefulness, openness and, above all, a devotion to the benefit of future generations. 46．What made Lego discontinue its “Bottles to Bricks” project? A．High production costs with recycled materials. B．Lack of public support with recycled materials. C．Not too much recycled plastic. D．Environmental issues with recycled materials. 47．What is the feature of scope 3 emissions? A．They are easier to track and control. B．They significantly contribute to carbon emissions. C．They have very small effects on sustainability efforts. D．They mainly come from companies’ internal processes. 48．How does Lego influence other companies according to the text? A．By helping them innovate green materials. B．By reminding them of supply chain emissions. C．By encouraging them to focus on product quality. D．By warning them of unpredictable market conditions. 49．What can be known from the Lego example? A．Companies should prioritize environmental concerns. B．Public awareness and support need to be emphasized. C．Sustainability requires continuous adaptation and efforts. D．Material innovation can ease companies’ environmental issues. 50．What can be the best title for the text? A．Lego’s future: a green and long journey B．The challenges to the toy industry C．The complexities of carbon emissions D．New plastic: a greener alternative 【答案】46．D 47．B 48．B 49．C 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过乐高公司放弃“瓶子变积木”项目的例子，说明了在追求可持续性时需要考虑产品整个生命周期的碳排放，特别是供应链中的排放。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“This ambitious project aimed to replace traditional Lego plastic with a new material made from recycled plastic bottles. However, when Lego assessed the project’s environmental impact throughout its supply chain, it found that producing bricks with recycled plastic would require extra materials and energy to make them durable enough, which would result in higher carbon emissions. Therefore, the company decided to stick with its current fossil fuel-based materials while continuing to search for more sustainable alternatives.(这个雄心勃勃的项目旨在用回收塑料瓶制成的新材料取代传统的乐高塑料。然而，当乐高评估该项目对整个供应链的环境影响时，它发现用回收塑料生产积木需要额外的材料和能源，以使它们足够耐用，这将导致更高的碳排放。因此，该公司决定继续使用目前的化石燃料为基础的材料，同时继续寻找更可持续的替代品)”可知，因为回收材料的环境问题导致乐高终止了“瓶子变积木”的项目。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段“And scope 3 emissions are generated by a company’s supply chain. From 2022 to 2023, Lego’s total emissions increased by 30 percent — even though the company’s scope 2 emissions related to purchased energy decreased by 40 percent. The increase was almost entirely in its scope 3 emissions.(第三类排放是由公司的供应链产生的。从2022年到2023年，乐高的总排放量增加了30%，尽管该公司与购买能源相关的范围2排放量减少了40%。这一增长几乎全部来自第三类排放)”可知，第三类排放的特点是大大增加了碳排放。故选B项。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“Currently, fewer than 30 percent of companies report meaningful scope 3 emissions, in part because these emissions are difficult to track. But as more companies follow in Lego’s footsteps and begin reporting scope 3 emissions, they will likely find themselves in the same position, realizing that efforts to reduce carbon emissions often boil down to supply chain and consumer-use emissions. And the results may force them to make some tough choices.(目前，只有不到30%的公司报告了有意义的第3类排放，部分原因是这些排放难以追踪。但随着越来越多的公司跟随乐高的脚步，开始报告第3类排放，他们可能会发现自己处于同样的境地，意识到减少碳排放的努力往往归结为供应链和消费者使用的排放。结果可能会迫使他们做出一些艰难的选择)”可知，乐高通过提醒他们供应链的排放来影响其他公司。故选B项。 49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Lego example serves as a cautionary (警世的) tale in a complex environment for which most companies are not well prepared. As more companies come under examination for their entire carbon footprint, we may see more situations where well-intentioned sustainability efforts come across uncomfortable truths. This calls for a careful understanding of sustainability, not as a list of good deeds, but as a complex, ongoing process that requires carefulness, openness and, above all, a devotion to the benefit of future generations.(在大多数企业尚未做好充分准备的复杂环境中，乐高的例子起到了警示作用。随着越来越多的公司接受对其整体碳足迹的审查，我们可能会看到更多的情况，善意的可持续发展努力会遇到令人不安的事实。这就要求我们认真理解可持续性，而不是把它当作一份善行清单，而是把它当作一个复杂的、持续的过程，需要谨慎、开放，最重要的是，要致力于造福子孙后代)”可知，从乐高的例子中我们可以知道可持续性需要不断适应和努力。故选C项。 50．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The Lego example serves as a cautionary (警世的) tale in a complex environment for which most companies are not well prepared. As more companies come under examination for their entire carbon footprint, we may see more situations where well-intentioned sustainability efforts come across uncomfortable truths. This calls for a careful understanding of sustainability, not as a list of good deeds, but as a complex, ongoing process that requires carefulness, openness and, above all, a devotion to the benefit of future generations.(在大多数企业尚未做好充分准备的复杂环境中，乐高的例子起到了警示作用。随着越来越多的公司接受对其整体碳足迹的审查，我们可能会看到更多的情况，善意的可持续发展努力会遇到令人不安的事实。这就要求我们认真理解可持续性，而不是把它当作一份善行清单，而是把它当作一个复杂的、持续的过程，需要谨慎、开放，最重要的是，要致力于造福子孙后代)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述乐高公司放弃“瓶子变积木”项目的例子，说明了在追求可持续性时需要考虑产品整个生命周期的碳排放，以及可持续性需要不断适应和努力，所以A项“Lego’s future: a green and long journey(乐高的未来：绿色而漫长的旅程)”适合作本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 D The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good. In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner (抗凝血剂) that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients. These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed. But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society. For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening. Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. 51．The first two paragraphs suggest that _________. A．bad medical outcomes affect doctors B．delivering babies can be difficult work C．some doctors are not very experienced D．doctors sometimes make silly mistakes 52．In the blood-thinner study, doctors_________. A．tend to prescribe less effective medicine B．are more concerned about the patients' safety C．become less confident in writing a prescription D．believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding 53．What does the underlined word “fallout” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Result. B．Benefit. C．Difference. D．Absence. 54．The author develops his idea mainly by _________. A．making comparisons B．giving examples C．using metaphors D．quoting famous sayings 55．The author will probably agree that _________. A．we should not doubt our own decisions B．our experience will pave way for our future C．humans are emotional and irrational on the whole D．instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议。文章通过作者自己的经历论述了，人类在处理信息、不良事件和错误时易受情绪化和非理性思维的影响，会过度思考，此时我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考，反而要相信直觉。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management.(后来，每当我遇到这样的病例时，我都会怀疑自己的临床管理)”和第二段的“In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. (在一篇工作论文中，埃默里大学的研究人员发现，当医生接生婴儿时出现不良后果时，他们更有可能对下一个病人改用不同的接生方式，这往往是不必要的，有时甚至会带来更糟糕的结果)”可推断，糟糕的医疗结果会影响医生。故选A项。 52．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner (抗凝血剂) that prevents strokes (中风). (2006年的一项研究发现，如果患者在服用华法林后出现出血，医生给后续患者开预防中风的血液稀释剂的可能性要低20%)”可知，在血液稀释剂研究中，一旦病人服用华法林后出现出血后，医生们在开某些处方时量就减少了。由此推断，医生在开处方时变得不那么自信。故选C项 53．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing appears especially large for us.(因为医生要做出如此多有严重后果的决定，事后猜测的fallout对我们来说似乎尤其严重)”可知，对我们来说似乎尤其严重的是结果。由此推测，划线词的意思是“后果”，与A. Result(结果)意思一致。故选A项。 54．推理判断题。根据第二段“In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. (在一篇工作论文中，埃默里大学（Emory University）的研究人员发现，当医生接生婴儿的结果不好时，他们更有可能为下一个病人换一种不同的分娩方法，这种方法往往是不必要的，有时结果会更糟)”以及根据第六段“For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.(例如，2001年佛罗里达州关于鲨鱼袭击人类的耸人听闻的头条新闻引起了恐慌，并导致该州禁止鲨鱼喂食探险。然而，那一年鲨鱼袭击事件实际上有所减少，根据这项研究，鉴于发生这种袭击的风险极低，这种变化可能是不必要的)”可推知，作者主要通过举例来阐述他的观点。故选B项。 55．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. (当我们过度思考时，我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考。相反，我们可能会无意中过度分析，得出错误的结论)”和最后一段中的“Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. (我相信自己的临床直觉，坚持到底，而不是事后猜测。所有的病人都活了下来。你也应该相信你的直觉)”可推断，作者认为直觉不一定会导致错误的方向。故选D项。 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56．In the old days，women should a____________ ( 采用)their husbands’ family names after marriage. 【答案】adopt 【详解】考查动词。句意：在过去，女人结婚后要随丈夫的姓。根据首字母和中文提示可知，空处可使用动词adopt（采用），情态动词should后应使用动词原形。故填adopt。 57．What happens when food and gasoline s_____________ run low? 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词。句意：当食物和汽油供应不足时会发生什么 ？根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填supply“供应品”作主语，根据句意，用复数，故填supplies。 58．The ____________ (大多数) of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children. 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：镇上大多数人都强烈支持为孩子们建一个操场的计划。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词majority“大多数”，构成固定短语the majority of，意为“……的大多数”。故填majority。 59．They (搬走)the stones and bricks in search of some survivors in the earthquake. 【答案】removed 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们搬去石头和砖头，寻找地震中的一些幸存者。根据汉语提示，故填removed。 60．He said (干旱) had led to severe crop failure for the second year. 【答案】drought 【详解】考查名词。句意：他说干旱已经导致了第二年的严重歉收。said 后接宾语从句，从句缺乏主语，用名词drought（干旱）做主语。故填drought。 61．If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental a____________. 【答案】attitude 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：如果你想改善你的处境，你必须采取积极的心态。此处用可数名词attitude（指具体的一种态度）作动词adopt 的宾语，由a 修饰，用名词单数形式。故填attitude。 62．Sales and profits of that company have grown by an a_____________ of 22% over the past three years. 【答案】average 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去三年里，那家公司的销售额和利润平均增长了22%。根据单词首字母以及句意“平均”以及上文不定冠词an，可知应填名词average，“an average of”为固定搭配，意为“平均……”，此处名词average在句中作介词by的宾语。故填average。 63．What shall we do towards the species which are suffering the danger of _______________ (绝迹)? 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于那些正面临灭绝危险的物种，我们应该做些什么呢？根据汉语提示“绝迹”可知，此处使用名词extinction，作介词of的宾语。故填extinction。 64．Silver is the best conductor of e______________, but it’s quite expensive. That’s why copper, which is cheaper but with almost the same conductivity, is widely used in wires. 【答案】electricity 【详解】考查名词。句意：银是最好的导电体，但很贵。这就是为什么更便宜但具有几乎相同导电性的铜被广泛用于电线的原因。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词electricity“电”，作宾语，不可数名词。故填electricity。 65．The area of forest in this area has (减少)by 10%. 【答案】reduced 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个地区的森林面积减少了10%。根据句意和汉语提示应填动词reduce“减少”，空前有has，用现在完成时，故填reduced。 66．After weeks of investigation, the police finally managed to e__________ (确定) the truth that the suspect had lied. 【答案】establish 【详解】考查动词。句意：经过数周的调查，警方终于查明了嫌疑人撒谎的真相。根据句意和中英文提示可知，空处应填动词establish“查明”，manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词原形。故填establish。 67．The s (员工) asked for 10% raise. 【答案】staff 【详解】考查名词。句意：员工们要求加薪10%。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，staff员工，集体名词作主语，符合题意。故填staff。 68．Over the past few years police have launched several c to reduce road accidents. 【答案】campaigns 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的几年中，警方发起了几次减少交通事故的运动。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词campaign，由空前several可知，应用名词复数形式。故填campaigns。 69．I was asked to give a short _____(说明) on the aims of the plan. 【答案】presentation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我被要求就计划的目标做一个简短的说明。根据汉语意思提示和不定冠词a可知，此处为单数名词presentation“说明”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填presentation。 70．As we all know, the flood really did great h___________ to the crops there. 【答案】damage 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们都知道，洪水确实给那里的庄稼造成了很大的损失。根据汉语提示可知，“损害”是damage，do damage to表示“对...有损害”，名词作宾语。故填damage。 71．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him p_____________. 【答案】permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：他父亲一同意，那男孩就跑了。give sb. sth.给某人某物，固定搭配，所以空处需用名词，结合句意和首字母p提示可知，permission“许可”，不可数名词，符合题意。故填permission。 72．His recent success has helped to ________(恢复) his faith in his own ability. 【答案】restore 【详解】考查动词。句意：他最近的成功帮助他恢复了对自己能力的信心。不定式后是动词原形。根据汉语提示可知，“恢复”是restore，故填restore。 73．The advertisement was designed to t_____________ a mass audience. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】target 【详解】考查动词。句意：这则广告旨在面向大众。be designed to do (目的是、为……而设计)，用动词target (面向、以……为目标)的动词原形形式和前面的to构成动词不定式。故填target。 74．___________（受……影响）by her story, I created the As We Heal, the World Heals project. 【答案】Affected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受她的故事影响，我创建了“当我们治愈时，世界也会治愈”项目。根据汉语提示“受……影响”，结合句子结构，此处和主句主语I构成被动关系，用过去分词形式作状语，Influenced/Affected受……影响，符合题意。故填Affected。 75．It is generally believed that the _____ (温室) effect resulting from industrial activities destroys the natural environment. 【答案】greenhouse 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为工业活动造成的温室效应破坏了自然环境。根据汉语提示“温室”可知，应填名词greenhouse，作定语，修饰名词effect。故填greenhouse。 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In college, Spring Break (春假) is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad. The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字), homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research. The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. In the spring of 2006, about 3,600 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program. Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and the Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.” The Program began in 1991. Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States. 76．Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program? (No more than 12 words) 77．What issues will students deal with in the Program?(No more than 10 words) 78．What is the aim of the Program?(No more than 20 words) 79．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5?(1 word) 80．Would you like to join in the Program? And why? ( No more than 25 words) 【答案】76．Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding. 77．Literacy, homelessness and the environment. 78．It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society. 79．Changed. 80．Yes, I’d like to. Because I want to help others and I’m glad to have a change in my life. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了大学生在春假可以做的一项活动the Alternative Break Program。该活动可以帮助识字、为贫困家庭筹款以及为环境研究收集数据。它鼓励大学生为社会做贡献，帮助他人，改变自己的人生。 76．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program.(然而，那些希望在假期期间从事一些有成效且有意义活动的学生，可以选择参加“替代性假期行动”项目)”可知，那些希望从事有意义且有价值工作的学生可以参加“替代性社会服务项目”。故答案为Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding. 77．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字), homelessness and the environment.(该计划使学生们能够参与各种与诸如识字、无家可归以及环境等问题相关的项目)”可知，学生在该项目中会面临识字、无家可归现象以及环境问题。故答案为Literacy, homelessness and the environment. 78．考查细节理解。根据第三段“In a word, the program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society.(总之，该计划旨在鼓励学生成为积极的公民，并积极参与为社会做出贡献的活动)”可知，其目的是鼓励学生成为积极的公民，并为社会做出贡献。故答案为It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society. 79．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段“You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.(你可以看到他们的生活发生了变化，而这些变化与他们参与的替代性志愿服务活动有关)”可知，这段经历改变了他们的生活，故划线词意思是“改变”。故答案为Changed. 80．考查开放题。根据“你愿意参加这个项目吗？为什么呢？”可回答：是的，我愿意。因为我想要帮助他人，而且我很高兴自己的生活有了这样的改变。故答案为Yes, I’d like to. Because I want to help others and I’m glad to have a change in my life. 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81. 假定你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华，近期你所在的城市正积极投身于“全国绿色城市”的创建活动。请你以“减少碳足迹”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召全校同学从我做起，为建设绿色城市贡献自己的力量，内容包括： 1. 全市环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性； 2. 减少碳足迹的方式； 3. 发出倡议。 参考词汇：碳足迹carbon footprint 注意：(1) 词数不少于100；(2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear fellow students,         With the development of modern industry and the change of people’s lifestyles, our ecological environment is becoming increasingly worse. It’s high time we took action to protect our ecological environment, otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live.         Firstly, turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity. Secondly, when going out, we should choose to walk, to ride a bike or to take public transportation instead of driving a car. Lastly, reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended.        These simple actions can significantly contribute to a low-carbon lifestyle. Let us work together to create a green and harmonious environment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The Students’ Union 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“减少碳足迹”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召全校同学从我做起，为建设绿色城市贡献自己的力量。 【详解】1.词汇积累 越来越多地：increasingly→more and more 首先：firstly→first and foremost 显著地：significantly→observably 关闭：turn off→switch off 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Lastly, reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended. 拓展句：Lastly, it is also highly recommended that we reuse paper or bottles and resist using plastic bags . 【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s high time we took action to protect our ecological environment, otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live. (运用了虚拟语气固定句型) [高分句型2] Firstly, turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 2 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷（参考答案） 第I卷(共三节，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.C 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．B 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．B 49．C 50．A 51．A 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56.adopt 57.supplies 58.majority 59.removed 60.drought 61.attitude 62.average 63.extinction 64.electricity 65. reduced 66.establish 67. staff 68.campaigns 69. presentation 70.damage 71.permission 72.restore 73.target 74.Affected 75.greenhouse 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 76．Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding. 77．Literacy, homelessness and the environment. 78．It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society. 79．Changed. 80．Yes, I’d like to. Because I want to help others and I’m glad to have a change in my life. 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） Dear fellow students,         With the development of modern industry and the change of people’s lifestyles, our ecological environment is becoming increasingly worse. It’s high time we took action to protect our ecological environment, otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live.         Firstly, turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity. Secondly, when going out, we should choose to walk, to ride a bike or to take public transportation instead of driving a car. Lastly, reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended.        These simple actions can significantly contribute to a low-carbon lifestyle. Let us work together to create a green and harmonious environment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The Students’ Union 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $