专题04 阅读理解（ 说明文）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（ 说明文） 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 (23-24高二上·广东汕头潮阳区·期末) Although it was a rainy day, that didn’t stop book fans from heading to Beijing’s Ditan Park (the Temple of Earth) for the first day of the famous Beijing Book Fair. This year marked the return of the fair in Ditan Park after a 10-year hiatus (中断). Despite its fame, the book fair and others of its kind have faced an uncertain future. In 2011, the Beijing Book Fair at Ditan Park, which had been running for 21 years at that time, was reported to “struggle to survive” due to the rise of e-books, online book purchasing and pirated (盗版的) book copies. But this year’s book fair, which was a sideline event of the 2023 Beijing Culture Forum, seemed full of vitality (活力), aiming to enhance the city’s reputation as the nation’s cultural center. Running under the name “The Temple of Earth and Me”, the book fair brought together a record 400,000 books from 208 exhibitors. It featured eight distinctive exhibition zones, including one on Beijing culture and another containing over 5,000 kinds of foreign language works. One keen attendee was Rosanna Ho from Canada. She’s a big fan of books and book fairs. “It was very packed, and I think you needed at least an hour just to walk around and see everything,” she said. But luckily, with the free entry ticket, attendees were offered help with the routes from volunteers to know where all the different areas were. Book readings by famous writers, unique cultural products, children’s toys, and old books — the fair had something for everyone. That was particularly appealing. It seemed very popular with families and children, with the theme of this year related to the life attitude and personal pursuits of young people. “It was super cool seeing how many people showed up and how popular purchasing physical books is in this digital age,” said Ho. 1．Why did the Beijing Book Fair at DitanPark stop running a decade ago? A．Limitations from some policies. B．Competition from digital content. C．A lack of interest from publishers. D．Not enough funding to support the event. 2．What was the main goal of this year’s book fair? A．To promote Beijing’s local culture. B．To attract more visitors to Ditan Park. C．To raise people’s interest in physical books. D．To strengthen Beijing’s status as a cultural center. 3．How could attendees at the fair locate different exhibition zones? A．By applying free ticket entry online. B．By seeking guidance from volunteers. C．By working around for at least an hour. D．By consulting a map in the mobile phone. 4．What was the highlight of this year’s book fair? A．It was primarily targeted at kids. B．It was crowded and poorly organized C．It provided a wide range of book choices. D．It combined book readings with digital devices. 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东广州越秀区·期末) A 9,300-square-metre farm was built on the former site of a steel factory. It’s one of the ten farms that has been built across cities in the USA — three more are in the pipeline but still one year away. With urban populations expected to increase by 2.5 billion by 2050, urban agriculture could help to feed our growing cities. Environmental scientist David and his workmates looked at previous studies in 53 countries in which crops were grown in a range of different urban environments, including “grey” spaces such as rooftops, and using different growing methods, such as hydroponics (水培法): They found that yields of urban crops were often the same, if not higher, than those from conventional farms. Sometimes city-grown crops can have higher yields than conventional ones, and the benefits of urban agriculture go beyond food. One of the most mentioned benefits of urban farming is a reduction in food miles. However, urban-grown crops aren’t automatically a more environmentally friendly option. In one study, researchers analyzed the carbon footprint of different vegetables grown in greenhouses in Canada compared to importing vegetables from the USA．“In that example, it was less carbon-intensive (炭密集的) to import the crops because of the high energy input required to grow them locally in greenhouses,” says David. But there are other benefits. Urban agriculture has the potential to promote local ecosystems, attracting bees and birds that boost urban biodiversity, while providing more green spaces to help keep cities cool and prevent the urban heat island effect. It could also strengthen our connection with food and improve the public’s understanding of the natural resources needed to grow fresh agricultural product. More importantly, it could improve urban access to fresh fruit and vegetables, and help protect individual cities against food shocks from events such as crop failure. “Food supply chains can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to global issues,” says David. “Therefore, it is of great importance to build a stable food supply system. This requires the joint efforts to ensure food supply and handle the increasingly complex global situation.” 1．What does the underlined words “in the pipeline” in the first paragraph mean? A．In preparation. B．Under observation. C．In order. D．Under repair. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A．By giving examples and making contrast. B．By giving definition and making comparison. C．By listing statistics and giving examples. D．By analyzing cause and giving data. 3．What is one of the advantages of urban farming? A．It greatly improves the local ecosystem. B．It helps resist the unban heat island effect. C．It protects individual cities and stops crop failure. D．It produces much more food and is more eco-friendly. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The problems of food supply chains are very serious. B．People should work together to reduce the global crisis. C．Governments should try every means to ensure food supply. D．Food supply chains may be easily influenced by global issues. Passage 2 (23-24高二上·广东揭阳揭西县·期末) College. It means that you are finally going to leave your parents’ nest and experience a lot of personal freedom and independence. You’ll wear whatever you want. You’ll make new friends. And you are definitely ready to enjoy your time in “paradise”. However, college might be different than you have considered. When an English speaking contest was held in Beijing, about two-thirds of the 62 college students recalled their frustrations about their life in college. Many of them said they didn’t know what they were supposed to do in college. “Most of the time, I lingered around in my dorm, idling hours and hours away, watching entertainment shows or soap operas on the Internet, or chatting with roommates, ”Huang Xuan, 23, from Guangxi University, said of his first two years of college life. However, one day his mum asked him about his future plans after college. It was then that he realised his future would be ruined if he kept up such self-indulgence. Li Yan, 20, from Shenzhen University, suffered a loss of not being one of the “marked” students. She was neither the chairman of the Student Union nor the one with the highest scholarship. Sun Tingting, 21, from Suzhou University of Science and Technology, dominated all the exams with the highest scores, but she felt confused because when she was free, she could think of nothing else to do and no one else to talk to. Zhang Xin, 19, from Beijing Foreign Studies University, began to re- examine what “college” means after she noticed many graduates from elite schools ending up in a job that does not pay well. “Our future is not guaranteed by our college, but rather by how we reshape ourselves in college.” “Young people are experiencing ‘growing pains’,” said Li Fang, a mental health consultant. In the process of self-discovery, she thinks many Chinese young people suffer more than their peers in the West. Their independence comes much later. They are so used to relying on their parents that when independence suddenly comes in college, it can be difficult. “Relax,“ Li advised. “This is part of growing up.” 1．The underlined expression “idling hours and hours away” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”. A．killing time B．making use of time C．saving time D．valuing time 2．Which of the following frustrations of college students are NOT mentioned in the passage? A．They are no longer the “best” students. B．They have no friends to talk to in their spare time. C．They have trouble communicating with their parents. D．They realise that good college doesn’t guarantee a good job. 3．According to Li Fang, why do many Chinese young people suffer more than their peers in the West? A．They often abandon themselves to watching TV or shows on the Internet. B．They are accustomed to counting on their parents before coming to college. C．They have never left their parents’ nests. D．They are definitely ready to enjoy their time in college. 4．What is Li Fang’s advice to young people? A．Learn from their peers in the West. B．Consult a psychologist. C．Relax and consider this as part of growing up. D．Stop relying on their parents and learn to take responsibility. 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东湛江·期末) In the movie “The Wrong Trousers”, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded (嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow. Now, material scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing. In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibers, which can make fabric move automatically. Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing. In recent years, Google partnered with brands like Levi’s and Adıdas to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly. Researchers said they could soon unlock a stage where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help. At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can shape-shift. Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can weave (编织) into sheets of fabric. These tubes can make fabric take various preprogrammed shapes. But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics. Rebecca Kramer Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential.” It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibers and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry (洗衣房), she said. Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forward. “Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life.” she said. 1．What led to the creation of “The Right Trousers”? A．An electrical pump. B．A health issue. C．A tiny tube. D．A creative film. 2．What did scientists at MIT do last year? A．They put sensors in clothes. B．They created movable robotic fibers. C．They made batteries for robotic clothing. D．They released smart clothing connected to cellphones. 3．What does Do’s team find challenging? A．Reducing the size of robotic tubes. B．Keeping robotic tubes’ shape unchanged. C．Programming the shape of robotic tubes. D．Weaving robotic tubes into various fabrics. 4．What is Rebecca’s attitude toward the future of smart clothing? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东广州天河区·期末) A mould (霉菌) that grows on food waste has been shown to completely change its taste, allowing food that would otherwise be thrown out to be eaten in a new way. Every year, about a third of food globally is wasted, with leftover responsible for around 8 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions (排放) over its lifetime. Repurposing it into new kinds of eatable food can reduce the climate impact of food production while also improving food security. Neurospora intermedia, an orange fungus (真菌) grown from the byproducts of milk production, has been used for centuries to make oncom, a traditional food in Indonesia. Vayu Hill-Maini at the University of California, and his colleagues are now working with chefs at Michelin-starred restaurants to develop new foods using the fungus. His team has shown that N. intermedia can grow well on at least 30 types of agricultural waste, including tomato and banana skin, where the fungus can transform indigestible plant waste into nutritious food in around 36 hours. Some of the research results are now appearing on their menus at the Alchemist restaurant in Copenhagen run by Rasmus Munk. N. intermedia is used in a dessert of jellied plum wine with rice custard, which is left to ferment (发酵) for 60 hours. This process has changed both the smell and taste “in quite a dramatic way”, according to Munk. When the team asked Danish consumers to try it for the first time, people consistently rated its taste above 6 on a scale of l to 9. “I found it mind-blowing to suddenly discover flavours like banana without adding anything except the fungi, ” says Hill-Maini. “Of course, all of our wild shots don’t work out, but when they do, they can produce quite revolutionary results. ” The chefs involved hope that by demonstrating what upcycled food can do at the highest level of gastronomy (美食学) , the concept will gain commercial appeal. “We are just at the beginning stages of unlocking its full potential,” says Hill-Maini. 1．What can we learn about N. intermedia, according to Hill-Maini’s findings? A．It significantly changes the flavor of food. B．It is primarily used to make jellied plum wine. C．It has been used to make traditional food for long. D．It can transform indigestible food within 60 hours. 2．What does the underlined word “mind-blowing” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Annoying. B．Puzzling. C．Surprising. D．Satisfying. 3．What is the best title of the text? A．A New Trend in Food Industry. B．A Fungus Creates Wonder. C．A Mould Grows on Food Waste. D．The Danger of Food Waste. 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 (24-25高二上·广东茂名信宜·期末) Do you love seeing beautiful lanterns outside? The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar (阴历) month. This year it is on Feb22, marking the end of Spring Festival celebrations. Lanterns are a big part of the festival. One story says that the bright lanterns show respect for gods. Another says that people light lanterns to celebrate the declining (消退的) darkness of winter. Watching lanterns is a great event. You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine, from animals to plants and flowers. To make this activity more fun, people paste (粘贴) riddles (谜语) on the lanterns. “Ten plus ten, still is ten, ten minus ten, again is ten.” Guess what? It is a pair of gloves. In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns, which are called Kongming lanterns. A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom, where there is a small fire source. When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes. Releasing river lights is also a way to bless for each other. Usually, the lights are in the shape of a lotus (荷花). In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals. Therefore, looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this: “Anxiously, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. Suddenly I turned, and there she was in the declining light.” 1．When do people celebrate the Lantern Festival? A．On the 22nd day of the first lunar month. B．On the 15th day of the first solar month. C．On the 22nd day of February every year. D．On the 15th day of the first lunar month. 2．Which of the following statements about the Lantern Festival is TRUE? A．People paste riddles to show off their knowledge. B．Young girls were not allowed to go out on the day. C．People light lanterns to drive animals away. D．People make wishes when releasing lights. 3．How do you feel about the line from Xin Qiji? A．Sad. B．Scared. C．Romantic. D．Anxious. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．The Origin of the Lantern Festival B．River Lights on the Lantern Festival C．Celebrations of the Lantern Festival D．A day to Guess Lantern Riddles 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 (24-25高二上·广东汕头潮阳区·期末) In the vast and diverse world of animals, there exists odd gestures that often leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange or unusual to us, are actually fascinating glimpses into the unique behaviors and communication styles of our pets. Animals want our attention, and sometimes they’re quite obvious about asking for it. Odd gesture are often our pets’ way of telling us to stop what we’re doing and play with them. It’s why Fido constantly follows his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around. An extremely bored pet may choose “bad” behaviors to cause a reaction! Sure, your dog loves you, but that’s not why he’s licking (舔) your face. A little dog learns to lick his mother’s mouth to obtain a little food, so Spot isn’t kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack. Cat owners also misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she’ll do it to comfort herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time. At some point you’ve probably told these words to someone who made you angry. Dogs think similarly, avoiding eye contact with anyone who injures their feelings. Another sign of anger: yawning (打哈欠). A yawning dog may not be tired but anxious, not bored but stressed. Similarly, lip-licking — when there isn’t food around to bring about it — is another sign of threat. You might think your dog is running around the backyard, having the time of his life while you’re away. But the reality is that he’s most likely just sitting in one spot for hours, waiting for you to return with anxiety. Dogs actually prefer to be inside, ideally with their owners. 1．If a dog intends to eat food, which action will it take? A．It stretches its legs, yawning. B．It makes an eye contact with its owner. C．It licks its owner’s face with a soft tongue. D．It runs around the backyard, following its tail. 2．What do we learn about the gesture if a cat constantly kisses itself? A．It feels amused. B．It feels stressed. C．It feels angry. D．It feels tired. 3．When the dog sits for a long time without moving，it reveals ________. A．the dog is eagerly awaiting your return B．the dog displays a sign of tiredness C．the dog is extremely bored to play with you D．the dog displays a sign of embarrassment 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pets: Lovely Animals B．Dogs: Odd gestures C．What Your Pet Is Trying to Tell You D．What Should We Do With Our Pets 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (23-24高二上·广东揭阳揭东区·期末) There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep-but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledge s that sleep needs will very lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14-17 years old) need 8-10 hours’ sleep every day. To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that a professional organization has developed age -specific recommended sleep durations (时长)bbased on systematic review of the world scientific literature. A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression (抑郁症), and can endanger others. Those who become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them. Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still doubtful and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension. 1．Which is TRUE about sleeping time? A．The time you need for sleep is related to your personal situation. B．Experts’ guideline for sleeping time applies to all the people. C．The less you sleep, the more productive you are. D．The more you sleep, the more energetic you are. 2．The research shows that people without enough sleep will ______. A．lose some weight B．eat more food C．dream during their sleep D．drive faster than usual 3．From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______. A．too much sleep may result in social changes B．researchers now agree with those in the past C．more research on oversleeping is needed D．research on oversleeping is quite persuasive 4．From which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken? A．Health. B．Psychology. C．Sport. D．Education. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东广州番禺区·期末) Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless inputs, thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit (短路). So what really happens? Understanding why we forget first requires us to tear down the myth about memory. “It is generally believed that memory is just one thing,” said Susanne Jaeggi, a professor of psychology. “Indeed, there are very different components of memory, and they’re also related to different cognitive (认知的) processes.” There are two different types of memory: long-term and working memory. The former is a broad category of memories that involve experience and skills stored in the brain for extended periods. On the other hand, thoughts in working memory are only present for a brief period. “Working memory is like the sketchpad (速写本) of conscious thought,” said Earl K. Miller, a professor of neuroscience at MIT. “Every piece of new information, inner dialogue and sensory input is routed through working memory and certain characteristics of working memory explain why we forget those thoughts.” First, psychologists estimate that people can hold only about four to seven “chunks” (块) of information — such as letters, digits, words or phrases — in their working memory at a time. Rather than being aware of all of these “chunks” all at once, the brain bounces around from one idea to another, making it more likely to forget one. Second, the brain quickly wipes out unimportant things from working memory to make room for new information. So unless those short-term memories are transferred into long-term memories (a process called consolidation), they’ll soon disappear. But for those who regularly struggle with thoughts slipping their mind, Jaeggi and Miller have some words to say. In the first place, Miller says multitasking makes forgetting more likely. Jaeggi mentions if you walk into a room and forget why you went in there, go back into the room you were before. The context clues might give the brain the extra boost it needs to reach back a few seconds in working memory and bring back the thought that’s already gone. 1．What can be learnt about human brains from paragraph 1? A．They can become easily overloaded. B．They experience occasional memory slips. C．They are sensitive to a short circuit condition. D．They frequently switch between different tasks. 2．What role does working memory serve as according to Earl K. Miller? A．A strategy for making multitasking brains. B．A place for recording experience and skills. C．A short-term space for processing information. D．A tool for increasing the amount of sensory input. 3．What is Jaeggi’s suggestion for recovering a lost thought? A．Setting a reminder ahead of time. B．Centering on the new task at hand. C．Returning to the previous context. D．Visualizing the thought in your mind. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Memory Loss B．Cognitive Processes in Learning C．Multitasking’s Impact on Memory D．The Importance of Working Memory Passage 3 (24-25高二上·广东深圳宝安区·期末) The smartphone, once seen as a sign of progress, is now less popular. New students at Eton College can’t bring their own phones and will get “dumb” Nokia phones that can only make calls and send texts. Also, about two-thirds of high schools now have rules against using smartphones during school hours. But when we grow up, is it okay to use social media for fun in our free time? A study in April found that spending 20 minutes on social media or watching YouTube videos can help reduce stress. And nearly 60% of people said they felt happy using Instagram. However, we need to know the difference between real relaxation and just scrolling (浏览) through social media without a purpose. Spending time with family, enjoying nature, or reading a book gives us true relaxation and makes us feel good. But looking at our phones without thinking can make us feel bad. We should also be aware of the long-term effects of always wanting fun and excitement from our smartphones. A psychiatrist (精神病学家) named Anna Lembke says in her book that always seeking stimulation from our phones can make us addicted, and it’s harder to enjoy simpler things. Moreover, never taking a break from this constant stimulation means we miss out on the benefits of having a quiet mind that helps us be creative and think deeply. Remember, if you are not paying for it then you are the product. The marketplace of attention is constantly fine-tuning the ways they appeal to our brain. We must learn to get more creative and intentional about the ways we choose to relax and perhaps, even, to turn to some good old-fashioned boredom. 1．What is special about “dumb” Nokia phones in paragraph 1? A．It can’t speak at all. B．It fails to offer games. C．Its users are unable to contact others. D．Its users are denied access to Internet. 2．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．Positive feelings provided by social media. B．Benefits of relaxation for time-poor adults. C．Ways to tell true relaxation from false ones. D．Popularity of Instagram among adult users. 3．What is Anna Lembke’s view on endlessly seeking stimulation from smartphones? A．It boosts brain development. B．It offers relaxation for brain. C．It leads to addiction and creativity. D．It blocks joy from less exciting things. 4．What does the first sentence in the last paragraph imply? A．Free services cost nothing. B．Attention is a free resource. C．Users are being marketed to. D．Products are always paid for. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 (24-25高二上·广东江门·期末) Boys grow up to be engineers and computer scientists. Girls become nurses and teachers. That seems like an out-of-date notion (观念) in a world where many students are encouraged to explore a wide range of careers. But the stereotypes (僵化思想) continue. Aptitude tests, which seek to measure students’ potential in a particular field, may be one way to help students decide their career paths. To understand how these tools may lead a particular student toward a field they may not have considered — or even heard of — researchers at the University of Missouri conducted an independent review. The study compared 7,222 high school students’ natural aptitudes with their self-reported interests in four areas: manufacturing (制造业), computer technology, construction, and healthcare. For healthcare, the study looked at both a student’s capacity and interest in direct patient care jobs and more technical jobs in the healthcare industry. The study included 3,619 females and 3,603 males. “If you just look at people’s interest scores, they fall into areas which I call what they are exposed to, what they can see based on their life experiences. Many young people are exposed to very little,” said Richard Feller, a professor at Colorado State University who worked on the study. Students’ different life experiences create an exposure gap, he said, that aptitude tests can help bridge. The study found that more than four times as many girls were found to have potential in manufacturing, more than seven times more in construction and technical healthcare fields, and two times more in computer technology than an interest list alone would show. What’s more, males were more than 1.6 times more likely to show promise in patient care positions. “It opens up all kinds of opportunities for students who have been less fortunate and have been stereotyped,” Feller said. “We’ve got great potential that we’re not tapping into.” 1．What does the author think about the career prejudice mentioned in Para. 1? A．It is deeply rooted in some truth. B．It is encouraged by a majority of people. C．It still affects students’ choices of career. D．It stops the popularity of a wide range of careers. 2．Why did researchers at the University of Missouri conduct the study? A．To improve students’ career ability. B．To assess the reliability of aptitude tests. C．To have a deep insight of students’ interests. D．To understand the function of aptitude tests. 3．What does the underlined phrase “an exposure gap” in Para. 4 refer to? A．A low score in the interest test. B．A decreased relation to society. C．A huge difference among students. D．A lack of understanding of diverse careers. 4．What does Feller suggest in the last paragraph? A．Aptitude tests are beneficial. B．The future plan must be examined first. C．Studies need more participants. D．A narrower interest list would be better. 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 (24-25高二上·广东揭阳普宁·期末) Before becoming a therapist (治疗师), I had no idea what it meant to “hold space” for somebody. Now, the term is widespread on social media and serves as the foundation of my work. Holding space is the backbone of supportive relationships and bridges the gap between two people when one person is in hardship. The term “holding space” was first popularized by Heather Plett, a writer in Canada. In a 2015 blog post, Plett described holding space as “the act of being fully present with someone else, without judgment or distraction, so that the person can share their experiences and perspectives. This looks like creating a safe, accepting environment, engaging in attentive listening and offering non-judgmental support.” Research shows that holding space can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance relationships, and improve mental health and well-being. Holding space is no easy task. It requires the patience to be calm, to delay a response even when someone has upset or frustrated you. It also requires radical acceptance, a release of your ideas about who the other person should or can be, and openness and honesty about who they actually are. These skills require us to know ourselves as well. “Holding space is a form of attunement(调和)or the ability to be aware of our own state of mind and body while also tuning in and connecting to another person,” the University of Pennsylvania professor Edward Brodkin said. But “holding space” doesn’t ask us to honor others’ feelings without comment or response. Instead it is a baseline of love and acceptance from which a deeper, more genuine connection can grow. As Brodkin puts it, “It’s a way of investing in your relationship, developing it and enabling it to grow. In order for the relationship to grow, you need to be able to see them for who they really are. If you can’t, then how can you know them with any depth?” 1．Why is Heather Plett’s description mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To explain the definition of “holding space”. B．To indicate the challenges of “holding space”. C．To reveal historical facts about “holding space”. D．To present the skills required for “holding space”. 2．What does “radical acceptance” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A skill to keep distance with others. B．An emotional reaction to the cruel reality. C．An ability to find opportunity in adversity. D．An effective way to process your emotions. 3．What does Brodkin advise us to do? A．Pick an investment account. B．Show the greatest tolerance to others. C．Build a healthy relationship with others. D．Stop being affected by others’ comments. 4．According to Brodkin, what will happen if we don’t see others truly? A．We can deeply understand them. B．We might worsen the relationship. C．We won’t be able to know them better. D．We may have wrong ideas about them. 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东广州天河区·期末) Gen Z’s cultural habits are often perceived as screen-focused, but a recent survey by the Booksellers Association challenges this view. It has found that the new generation are more likely than older ones to buy a book based on in-person recommendations from booksellers. UK booksellers have noticed a sharp rise in young readers visiting stores, seeking human interaction rather than relying on algorithm-driven (算法驱动) online recommendations. The Internet, especially BookTok, the corner of TikTok, does have a role to play in bookshops’ popularity. Booksellers agree that social media has helped to promote the bookshop to younger readers who travel from neighbouring towns and cities to visit. However, a resistance to algorithmic recommendations popular on BookTok (as well as online bookstores like Amazon) might be one of the most common things driving young readers into physical bookshops. Almost everyone — both booksellers and young readers — were doubtful about giving BookTok too much credit for the popularity of shopping in physical shops. Some readers said they experienced a kind of “BookTok burnout”, and have actually sought out in-person recommendations as a solution to being pushed the same books. What really draws young readers into bookshops, though, is something more personal. Booksellers say readers come out for signed books and author talks, especially for younger readers wanting to connect with their favourite writers. “I think it’s kind of a misunderstanding that younger people want to do everything online,” Grace Gooda, the manager at Morocco Bound in Bermondsey says. “In our experience... it creates a relationship where they trust our recommendations and might take home something they wouldn’t have seen advertised elsewhere. ” This is what really makes physical bookshops appeal to many younger readers. “Bookshops aren’t just places to buy books, they’re places of community, of gathering and this is something that’s actively promoted by so many bookshops,” Ash, 29, from Yorkshire, says. “Speaking to staff to get book recommendations is often a path into hearing more about the community aspects of bookshops, too — it’s often more than just a book recommendation.” 1．What has the survey found about Gen Z? A．They are keen to live mostly through a screen. B．More and more visit bookstores for new books. C．They value booksellers’ advice more than expected. D．They rely heavily on online book recommendations. 2．What effect does the Internet have on bookshops, according to paragraph 2? A．It replaces the need for physical bookshops. B．It has a significant impact on bookshops’ popularity. C．It drives young readers away from physical bookshops. D．It expands the bookshops’ influence among young readers. 3．Why might young readers resist algorithmic recommendations? A．They are fed up with them. B．They trust advice from authors. C．They prefer to buy books in person. D．They think social media unreliable. 4．Why do physical bookshops appeal to younger readers? A．They sell signed books. B．They provide a deeper connection. C．They offer a wider range of services. D．They create better reading environment. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东珠海·期末) When it comes to walking and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) risk, it’s not just how much you do it that helps, it’s also how fast you move, a new study has found. Brisk walking is associated with a nearly 40% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, according to the study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Authors of the study reviewed 10 previous studies conducted between 1999 and 2022, which assessed links between walking speed and the development of type 2 diabetes among adults from the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. After a follow-up period of eight years on average, compared with easy or casual walking, those who walked an average or normal pace had a 15% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, the researchers found. Walking at a “fairly brisk” pace meant a 24% lower risk than those who easily or casually walked. And “brisk walking” had the biggest benefit: a 39% reduction in risk. Easy or casual walking was defined as less than 2 miles per hour. Average or normal pace was defined as 2 to 3 miles per hour. A “fairly brisk” pace was 3 to 4 miles per hour. And “brisk walking” was more than 4 miles per hour. Each kilometer increase in walking speed above brisk was associated with a 9% lower risk of developing the disease. The research has gained approval from experts. Dr. Shimabukuro, a professor from Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, agreed, furthermore adding that “increased exercise intensity due to faster walking speeds can result in a greater stimulus for physiological (生理的) functions and better health conditions.” He pointed out the importance of walking speed in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. He also suggested that we integrate brisk walking into our daily routine, which can be a simple yet effective strategy to prevent the attack of type 2 diabetes and promote better well-being. 1．What is key to reducing diabetes risk, according to the new study? A．Type of activity. B．Frequency of walks. C．Intensity of steps. D．Speed of development. 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “brisk walking” in paragraph 1? A．Walking slowly; B．Walking casually. C．Walking rapidly. D．Walking regularly. 3．How much did diabetes risk drop for those walking 3-4 mph? A．15%. B．24%. C．39%. D．9%. 4．How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A．By applying figures. B．By quoting a patient. C．By analyzing causes. D．By giving an example. 主题05 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东深圳龙华区·期末) What’s the oldest meal you’ve eaten? Maybe you’ve had leftovers from a few days ago. They probably still tasted good. But what if it wasn’t a few days ago? What if you ate a 60-day-old stew? Or a 49-year-old beef noodle soup? Perpetual (永久的) stew is a dish that is never taken off the heat; it’s never finished. As portions are served, new ingredients are added to the pot to replace them. One day’s stew becomes the basis of the following days’ meals. There have been some famous examples. This year, Annie Rauwerda’s 60-day stew became a social media sensation. One Bangkok restaurant claims to have been cooking its beef noodle soup since the 1970s. It has been suggested that perpetual stew was a tradition in Medieval Europe, when the effort required to start a fire meant that they were left to burn all day, and a pot of stew was always boiling slowly on top of it. One New York Times article tells us about a stew in Normandy that was kept cooking for 300 years. This tradition may date back to the Middle Ages, but thankfully, our understanding of food safety has developed since then. In a world where food is often thrown away once it reaches its use-by date, many people have asked how safe perpetual stew can actually be. Experts are divided. Some maintain that as long as the stew is kept bubbling away at a temperature too high for bacteria to survive, it should be safe. Others suggest that meat can become dangerous if it’s left in the stew for too long. Concerns have also been raised that some vegetables, such as potatoes, or those containing nitrates (硝酸盐), could become more poisonous the more they are reheated. Advocates of slow cooking believe that the best food takes time, but even they may be surprised by a months- or years-old perpetual stew. 1．What do we know about perpetual stew? A．It is the basis of modern meals. B．It is continuously cooked. C．It is a popular social trend. D．It is served in portions. 2．Why does the author list examples of perpetual stew in paragraph 2? A．To exhibit its diverse forms. B．To introduce its history. C．To show its popularity. D．To explain its working principles. 3．Which of the following is a concern about perpetual stew according to the passage? A．Loss of flavor. B．Lack of nutrition. C．Hotbed for bacteria. D．Rises in poisonousness. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward perpetual stew? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Critical. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东汕尾·期末) The California Avocado (鳄梨) Festival is one of the most expected and beloved events on the California coast, celebrating the state’s lively avocado industry. Held annually in Carpinteria, the festival draws tens of thousands of visitors each year to enjoy a fun-filled weekend. From delicious avocado-inspired dishes to live music, cooking demonstrations, and arts and crafts, the festival provides something for everyone. The roots of the California Avocado Festival date back to 1986, when a small group of local residents decided to host an event that would honor the region’s rich agricultural heritage and the role avocados played in the area’s economy. California, home to more than 90% of the nation’s avocado production, is the epicenter of the avocado industry in the U.S., with Carpinteria being one of the top avocado-growing regions. The festival was created as a way to celebrate the farmers, the land, and the incredible versatility (多样性) of the avocado fruit. Over the years, the festival has grown significantly, becoming one of the largest free-admission festivals’ in California. It is now a three-day event held every October, and it continues to attract avocado enthusiasts, families, and tourists from across the country. The festival’s main highlight is the wide array of avocado-based dishes that are offered at over 100 food booths. From avocado toast to more inventive treats like avocado ice cream, and even avocado cocktails, the festival showcases the fruit’s incredible food flexibility. In addition to the food, the California Avocado Festival features live music performances on multiple stages, with a diverse line-up of bands and musicians spanning various genres. The festival also includes cooking demonstrations where chefs share their best avocado recipes and tips for incorporating the fruit into everyday meals. For those looking for some friendly competitions, there are fun events like the Guacamole Contest, where local chefs and enthusiasts compete to create the best guacamole (鳄梨酱), and the Avocado Pit Spitting Contest, a playful and humorous tradition that always draws a crowd. 1．Which aspect of the California Avocado Festival is emphasized in the first paragraph? A．The variety of activities offered at the festival. B．The economic impact of the avocado industry in California. C．The historical significance of avocado farming in Carpinteria. D．The festival’s influence on national avocado consumption trends. 2．Why was the California Avocado Festival created? A．To increase tourism in Carpinteria. B．To promote the use of avocados in everyday cooking. C．To provide a platform for local musicians and performers. D．To celebrate the region’s agricultural heritage and the avocado industry. 3．What can people do at the California Avocado Festival? A．Have a three-day vacation. B．Visit avocado-loving families. C．Attend experts’ lectures about avocados. D．Enjoy a wide variety of avocado-based dishes, 4．What can we learn about Avocado Pit Spitting Contest? A．It is a contest about making dishes, B．It is a stage for music performances. C．It is a fun event that brings in a large audience. D．It is a competition between chefs and enthusiasts. 主题06 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东潮州·期末) Amsterdam has long had a problem with people throwing away bikes in the city’s rivers. But now, people will be able to park their bikes underwater and actually get them back thanks to a new underwater bike parking area. The city is hoping to ease bike parking by adding thousands of bike parking spots under Amsterdam’s Central Station. The Open Haven Front storage is set to open on January 26 with free bike parking for up to 24 hours, and inexpensive long-term options available as well. It also comes with easy access to the Central Station for those who need to commute (通勤) by bus or train, plus easy on-foot access to work in the busy part of the city. “It’s great that people can jump on their bikes, get to the station and continue their journey seamlessly.” Jeroen Wienen, a spokesperson for ProRail, said of the project in an interview. “The Netherlands is a real cycling country. A lot of people come to the station by bike, and we don’t want all those bikes lying around.” This new underwater station took several years and more than 60 million Euros to build. The shelters will be the largest in the city, with the Open Haven Front storage able to take 7,000 bicycles. To build the station, a lake had to be emptied to make room for the underwater storage facility, but when you live in a country where there are more bikes than people, finding a place to store them all is pretty important. In fact, another facility for an extra 4,000 bikes — cheaper at only 25 million Euros to build — also recently opened in Amsterdam. In recent years, the city invested (投资) 85 million Euros in bike parking alone! And perhaps more important than simply adding bike storage was the idea of closing the gap between cycling and train travel. Making the two run smoothly together allows more people to cycle to the train station, rather than driving to work. 1．What worries the Amsterdam government according to paragraph 1? A．Road safety. B．Heavy traffic. C．Car pollution. D．Bike parking. 2．What can be learned about the Open Haven Front storage? A．It is above a river. B．It is really affordable. C．It is the largest worldwide. D．It provides cheap bikes to ride. 3．What does the underlined word “seamlessly” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Slowly. B．Smoothly. C．Aimlessly. D．Awkwardly. 4．What does the author want to show by using the numbers in paragraph 4? A．The government’s huge contribution to the project. B．The challenge of building the station. C．The function of the station project. D．The role of bikes in Amsterdam. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东肇庆·期末) Do you know that feeling happy can make you more likely to click on ads? New research finds out that when people are in high spirits, they use happier words to search for products online. And guess what? This makes them more likely to notice and click on the ads that show up after they do a search. Researchers looked at over 5 million searches and did experiments with 6, 800 people. According to the research results, people who are cheered up because they see pictures of cute babies or sunny days are more likely to use cheerful words to describe what they want to buy online. And when ads appear following these happier key words, they are about 50% more likely to make people visit a website. For example, if someone searches for a “joyful and cheerful water bottle”, they are more likely to click on the ads at the top of their search results compared to someone who searches for a “clear, metal, and lightweight” water bottle. The researchers also show that when people are happy, they are less doubtful about ads. They see the world through “rose-colored glasses”, which means they are less likely to question the ads and more likely to click on them. This is because their happy mood makes them less likely to use their critical thinking to make judgments. This new research indicates that advertisers should also focus on targeting shoppers who are feeling good in their shopping process. By doing so, they could potentially increase clicks and improve the return on their ad spending. In other words, making people feel good is the key to getting them to pay attention to the ads. So, the next time you are feeling great and searching for something online, be aware that you might be more likely to notice ads and pay for the product. 1．What does the research find out according to Paragraph 1? A．Different reasons for clicking on ads. B．Happy feelings from online shopping. C．Relation between emotions and ad clicks. D．Keywords for searching for products online. 2．How does the author show the research findings? A．By listing figures. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making definitions. D．By explaining theory. 3．What is a person with “rose-colored glasses” most likely to do? A．Question the reliability of ads. B．View things in an optimistic way. C．Have a preference for rosy flowers. D．Consult a doctor about eye glasses. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Good moods boost online advertising. B．Ads should have right target shoppers. C．Customers now are doubtful about ads. D．Advertisers increase their ad spending. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·广东深圳龙岗区·期末) “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?” The philosopher George Berkeley once wondered. Compared to real trees, the virtual (虚拟的) ones catch more of our attention — you must be familiar with the 3D cartoon images that city planners use to illustrate green spaces. Adorable as they are, a new technology is reshaping the landscape. Meet “Tree-D Fusion (融合)”, an innovative 3D tree modeling method which has so far produced 600,000 virtual trees in local communities, and aims globally. To create the “Tree-D” model, the researchers have used a mixed method. Besides using the traditional model to outline the shapes of branches and leaves, developers have also adopted AI deep learning. By feeding inputs like tree types, temperatures, and light conditions, the AI-driven model can not only monitor the trees’ growing process but show how the trees will grow in generated pictures based on the data. While the previous modeling method excels at recognizing static (静态的) features, the Tree-D Fusion can effectively present the trees’ changing nature, making it possible to forecast the trees’ growth. “Even the slightest movement of branches in a gentle wind can be recorded,” says PhD student Jae Joong Lee, who created the technology. “Understanding these interactions with the environment can be significant for city planning.” For example, planners can tell when and where growing branches might get caught in power lines, or find the right locations where placing trees could improve cooling and air quality. If planners rely on traditional procedures, they have no choice but to make adjustments after the trees have grown and the problems show up. “This is just the beginning,” says Lee. “We aim to design more sustainable urban communities globally, creating a closer connection between people and their living environments.” 1．Why does the author mention the question in paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new technology. B．To stress the importance of trees. C．To call attention to forest protection. D．To encourage philosophical thinking. 2．What is an advantage of the Tree-D model over the traditional one? A．It can recognise trees’ static features. B．It can identify different types of trees. C．It can produce numerous identical trees. D．It can predict the dynamic growth of trees. 3．What can the “Tree-D Fusion” technology help with? A．Planning ahead in city tree positioning. B．Making up for environmental damage. C．Developing new power supply facilities. D．Equipping planners with planting skills. 4．What is the best title for this text? A．AI Reducing the Need for Real Trees. B．AI Tree Modeling Aiding City Design. C．Tree-D Fusion Making Trees Grow Faster. D．3D Trees Enhancing Community Connections. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·广东广州番禺区·期末) We’ve all been in a position where our phone runs out of battery, but we don’t have anywhere to charge it. Well, what if the clothing you were wearing could help you out? It’s an option that isn’t as strange as you might think. Now the latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction: researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric that can keep small devices charged. The prototype (原型) includes 1,200 tiny solar panels, each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters. It can generate 400 milliwatts of electrical energy, enough to charge electronic devices. “Until now very few people have considered their clothing products could be used for charging electronic devices,” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley, an associate professor of Electronic Textiles. “The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric, as it can be washed in a machine. Besides, because the tiny solar cells are comprised of silicon (硅), wearers aren’t able to even notice a discrepancy between the fabric’s composition and that of standard clothing.” Potential products include items like outerwear, backpacks and other carrying bags using the material, all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged during the day. “Electronic fabrics really have the potential to change people’s relationship with technology, as this prototype shows how we could live without charging many devices on the wall,” adds Theodore. Solar power innovations are key to transforming human society from fossil fuel technologies, and are coming into a variety of fields. The European Space Agency, for example, plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth. Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space, potential solar power generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what’s currently achievable here on Earth’s surface. As powerful as that may one day be for us, it’s encouraging to know even changes like the composition of our clothing can help promote the necessary renewable energy shift for our species. 1．Why is the new fabric special? A．It can adjust people’ body temperatures. B．It can change clothes’ colors in the sun. C．It can produce electricity from sunlight. D．It is much tougher than standard clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in paragraph 3mean? A．Distinction. B．Mismatch. C．Improvement. D．Similarity. 3．How does the innovation impact our relationship with technology according Theodore? A．By making electronic devices much cheaper. B．By decreasing the demand for fixed chargers. C．By making us more aware of our energy use. D．By increasing our dependence on electronics. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Solar power is more useful in space than on Earth. B．Solar energy will soon take the place of fossil fuels. C．Space exploration has no impact on Earth’s energy. D．Small changes can lead to a renewable energy future. Passage 5 (24-25高二上·广东清远·期末) The patient was a goat. It was being treated for its bladder stone（膀胱结石）. It was also contributing to new research that aims to accurately measure pain not only in goats, but other animals as well and even, one day, in people. “If we solve the problem with animals, we can also solve the problem for children and other patients who can’t speak," said Ludovica Chiavaccini, a clinical associate professor in the University of Florida’s College of Veterinary Medicine. Chiavaccini and her colleagues filmed the faces of goats that were in pain and those that were comfortable. Then they fed the data into an artificial intelligence-based model which learnt to distinguish goats in pain by their faces alone. According to the test, the accuracy of the system, trained and tested on 40 goats so far,was 62% to 80% at identifying pained faces. With data on more goats and other animal species, these kinds of AI models may help doctors treat pain effectively in patients they can’t speak with. "It’s not just an animal-welfare issue,” Chiavaccini said. "We also know animals that are in pain don’t gain weight. Farmers are becoming more and more aware of the need to control pain in animals. ” Pain assessment in animals has historically been both difficult and subjective （主观的）. Traditionally, veterinarians（兽医）had to rely on decades of experience to make correct judgment. Researchers have developed standardized pain scales for different species in recent yearsto reduce subjectivity, but the quality of those measures varies wildly. When Chiavaccini and her team started the study-inspired by a graduate student’s love of goats-there wasn’t any pain scale available for goats at all. "Today, a single pain score for goats exists. But it is only suitable for male goats that are in pain, showing that a more general system is needed,"Chiavaccini said. 1．How does the author bring in the topic of the text? A．By raising a question. B．By describing a scene. C．By doing an experiment. D．By analyzing a case. 2．Why do the farmers intend to control the animals’ pain? A．To increase animal’s weight. B．To improve their farming skills. C．To reduce their treatment costs. D．To improve animals’ happiness. 3．What does the underlined word "standardized" in the last paragraph mean? A．Expensive. B．Temporary. C．One-formed. D．Complicated. 4．What’s the best title of this text? A．Pain: Patients’ Source of Suffering B．AI: Bringing Hope to the Future C．Goats: the Target of Medical Experts D．AI Models: Detecting Faces in Pain Passage 6 (24-25高二上·广东揭阳普宁·期末) According to new research, babies are not only capable of creative thinking well before starting to speak, but this sort of thinking may be important for language learning. In the study, the researchers set out to explore the origins of human creativity and productive thinking to try to find out how people arrive at completely new thoughts and ideas. They found that babies were able to very quickly learn new words that describe small quantities and combine these with familiar words to fully understand a phrase. Lead researcher, Dr. Barbara Pomiechowska, said: “Human creativity is limitless: it has taken us to the moon and allowed us to cure deadly diseases— but despite its importance, we don’t yet know when and how this impressive ability to combine ideas and invent new things appears. This research shows that we must go right back to the beginning of language learning to solve this puzzle.” In the study, the researchers worked with 60 babies, all around the age of 12 months. They started by teaching the babies two novel words describing quantity: “mize”, to mean “one”, and “padu”, to mean “two”. Then the babies were asked to combine these new number words with different object names, for example to identify “padu ducks” from some pictures. By teaching novel words to represent quantities, the researchers were able to test the babies’ ability to combine concepts in real time, rather than simply recall combinations of words that they already knew from previous experience. By using eye-tracking technology to monitor where the babies look, the researchers were able to show that the babies could successfully combine the two concepts to understand what they were being asked about. According to Dr. Barbara, this ability to combine different concepts is likely to help babies not only to understand the language input, but also to learn about different aspects of the physical and social world. 1．What puzzle did the researchers want to solve? A．The origin of creative thinking. B．The ways to cure deadly diseases. C．The limitations of creative thinking. D．The importance of language acquisition. 2．What were the babies asked to do in the study? A．Create novel words. B．Count numbers in order. C．Point out the number they knew. D．Match objects with what they heard. 3．What did the researchers use in the study? A．Previous data. B．Advanced technology. C．Professional concepts. D．Regular examinations. 4．For Dr. Barbara, what is the effect of babies’ ability to combine different concepts? A．Very bad. B．Quite impractical. C．Greatly beneficial. D．Pretty impressive. Passage 7 (24-25高二上·广东广州·期末) A major scientific achievement has been recognized with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This award was given to a team using machine learning to solve a big problem in biology: predicting and designing the 3D shapes of proteins. Most of this work was done at a tech company, marking a notable shift that high-level scientific research can also originate outside traditional academic settings. Proteins are crucial for our bodies and are involved in almost every biological process. The shape of a protein determines its function. If a protein is shaped incorrectly, it can cause serious diseases like Alzheimer’s and diabetes. Historically, predicting a protein’s shape from its amino acid sequence (序列) was very difficult and puzzled scientists for decades. The breakthrough happened with A-Fold, a machine learning program that can accurately predict protein structures from their amino acid sequences. This tool has changed the field, providing insights into the structure of over 200 million proteins so far. This data is expected to speed up progress in medicine and drug development, opening new ways to treat diseases. The tech company’s success with A-Fold also underscores the growing impact of artificial intelligence in various scientific domains, showing that Al can tackle complex biological problems and contribute to critical advancements in health and medicine. The Nobel Prize committee awarded this work to highlight the value of combining different areas in science, where technology and biology meet to create amazing results. This achievement not only shows what AI can do but also sets an example for future scientific projects that combine technology with traditional research to address global problems. 1．Why was the team awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A．They discovered a cure for Alzheimer’s and diabetes. B．They analyzed the functions of essential body elements. C．They worked out protein structures with a machine learning program. D．They created a new way to treat diseases through traditional research. 2．Why is the shape of a protein critical to its function? A．It leads to the development of the diseases. B．It offers insights into the structure of protein. C．It speeds up the progress of medicine and drug. D．It affects the protein’s role in biological processes. 3．What does the underlined word “underscore” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Minimize. B．Highlight. C．Question. D．Overlook. 4．What possibility does the author imply about the future of scientific research? A．A new focus on solving biological problems. B．An amazing change in academic research settings. C．An increase in joint efforts between different fields. D．A lessened dependence on machine learning techniques. Passage 8 (24-25高二上·广东江门·期末) AI software can already identify people by their voices or handwriting. Now, an AI has shown it can label people based on their chess-playing behavior, an advance in the field of “stylometrics” that could help computers be better chess teachers or more humanlike in their game play. Alarmingly, the system could also be used to help identify and track people who think their online behavior is anonymous (匿名的). Chess-playing software, such as Deep Blue and Alpha Zero, has long been superhuman. But Ashton Anderson, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto, says the chess engines play almost an“alien (外星人的) style” that isn’t very instructive for those seeking to learn or improve their skills. They’d do better to tailor their advice to individual players. But first they’d need to acquire a player’s unique form. To design and train their AI, the researchers collected more than 50 million human games and fed them into a network. The researchers tested the system by seeing how well it distinguished one player from another. They gave the system 100 games from each of about 3,000 known players, and 100 fresh games from an unknown player. The system looked for the best match and identified the unknown player 86% of the time, the researchers reported last month at the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS). “We didn’t quite believe the results,” says Reid Mcllroy Young, a student in Anderson’s lab and the paper’s primary author. A non-AI method was only 28% accurate. “The work is really cool,” says Noam Brown, a research scientist at Meta. “Style-aware AI could transform other computer interactions.” The researchers are aware of the privacy risks posed by the system, which could be used to expose anonymous chess players online. And in theory, they say, given the right data sets, such systems could identify people based on the habits of their driving or the timing and location of their cellphone use. NeurIPS organizers found the study technically impressive but ethically (道德上) questionable, and accepted it on condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks. Anderson says they’ve decided, for now, not to release the software. 1．What advance in AI technology is described? A．Tracking people’s unacceptable behavior. B．Identifying different people’s handwriting. C．Behaving like humans when playing chess. D．Recognizing different human chess players. 2．Why does Anderson describe chess engines’ style as alien? A．They have exceptional but unhelpful ability. B．They outdo individual players in skill learning. C．They instruct players in an extremely distinctive style. D．They are outstanding in acquiring a player’s unique form. 3．What does Para. 3 mainly talk about concerning the new AI system? A．Its primary aim. B．Its development process. C．Its wide application. D．Its significance to players. 4．What is NeurIPS organizers’ attitude towards the style-aware AI? A．Careful. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Disappointed. 主题07 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·广东深圳龙华区·期末) Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed? Silent, slimy and wriggling (扭动), you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait (鱼饵) on the end of a fishing rod. However, there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye. The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has “played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organized creatures”. They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions. So, what makes worms so great? Earthworms move the earth, and this is why farmers love them. As they travel, they expose the soil to the fresh air by loosening, mixing and oxygenating it, which increases the ground’s ability to hold and drain water. They are effectively a small but very efficient farming tool. But it’s not just earthworms that deserve praise. In 2022, a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research isolated enzymes (酶) found in waxworm saliva (唾液). These are plastic-eating enzymes, which can decompose polyethylene, a very common plastic that normally degrades over many years. It’s hoped that by producing these enzymes on an industry-level scale, we will have a more environmentally friendly way to reduce plastic pollution. And worms are even inspiring the building industry. Bloodworms are small sea creatures that dig into the mud of the ocean floor. Scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have been studying their jaws, which are made up of 10% copper proteins and are so strong that they last the worm’s entire five-year lifespan. Because of this research, engineers may start using the jaws as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete. So, next time you see a worm, show it a little respect. They really are changing the world! 1．Why does the author raise a question at the beginning? A．To compare worms with other animals. B．To discuss the limited use of worms. C．To emphasize the complexity of worms. D．To challenge the prejudice against worms. 2．What does the underlined word “degrades” mean in paragraph 4? A．Breaks down. B．Falls behind. C．Runs out. D．Cleans off. 3．How do bloodworms influence the building industry? A．They provide a new building material. B．They are used in construction equipment. C．Their jaws offer ideas for building design. D．Their jaws are made from copper material. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The biological evolution of worm. B．The environmental impact of worms. C．The various scientific uses of worms. D．The underestimated importance of worms. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·广东肇庆·期末) What can you see when you look up at the night sky? One hundred years ago, people could admire the Milky Way from almost anywhere in the world. Today, it is difficult to see more than a handful of stars at night. It is light pollution that blocks our view of the night sky. Light pollution mostly comes from cars, buildings, and streetlights in cities. These lights often shine or reflect light into the sky, making the night bright. Many of us have been conditioned to think of light as a safe thing and darkness as something to fear. Yet, darkness is just as important and natural as light. It is an essential part of the environment for many plants and animals. The invention of lights has improved our lives in many ways, allowing us not to be limited by the rising and setting of the sun. Yet, for all the living things on Earth, the sun is like a clock that tells humans and other living species when to rest, feed, and migrate. The excessive use of artificial lights at night can throw off this age-old cycle, causing troubles for both human beings and wildlife. One common problem caused by light pollution is difficulty in falling asleep. Bright light at night can trick our bodies into thinking it is still daytime, making it harder for us to produce basic chemicals. For animals that are active during the night, such as frogs, bats, and owls, a bright night sky can make it harder for them to hunt the small creatures that they feed on. Compared to other problems we face, light pollution may be an easy one to solve. Cities can adopt laws to control outdoor lighting, and in our homes, simple actions such as turning off unnecessary lights and drawing our curtains at night can reduce the amount of light that spills into our environment. By learning to value darkness, we can help safeguard ecosystems and the amazing creatures that live in them. 1． What can we learn about the night sky from Paragraph 1? A．It is suffering air pollution. B．It was brighter long time ago. C．We can see the Milky Way easily. D．We find it hard to see many stars. 2．What is the relation between light and darkness? A．Light is more welcome in cities. B．Light is essential for the environment. C．Darkness is no less important than light. D．Darkness causes fear and is unnecessary. 3．What does the underlined word “excessive” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Extreme. B．Special. C．Limited. D．Regular. 4．What aspects of light pollution are discussed in the last two paragraphs? A．Influences on living creatures. B．Problems and potential solutions. C．Difficulties in keeping it under control. D．Actions taken to safeguard ecosystems. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·广东汕尾·期末) When I strolled into the ring at the Pennington Day dog show’s Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the mid-1990s, I had all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, my buff cocker spaniel puppy (可卡犬) had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched my wavy, blond bob. After winning that first contest, Soccer and I competed for about four years at Pennington Day in a range of matching outfits. I have not succeeded at anything as consistently since. Turns out, there is actual science to back up the belief that dogs look like their owners. A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time. In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match pictures of their dogs and owners, which they did better than they would just by chance. In one study, participants also inferred whether dogs were matched with the correct owners despite only being able to see the dogs’ or the owners’ eyes. Another study found that women often had hair of a similar length to the dogs’ ears— much like my spaniel-like bob and bangs. So what gives? Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way — or perhaps, subconsciously, as in my case, look a bit like a doggy version of their child. The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar personality features, and  that their temperaments (性情) appeared to grow more alike. The study offers different theories for why, including that owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and as they age together, the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn together. “It reflects the way we also look for our partners,” says study leader Yana Bender, a doctoral researcher in the DogStudies Research Group at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Germany. Dogs and their owners share “a very close relationship which is comparable to many human relationships”. 1．Which of the following best captures the tone of the author when reflecting on her experience at the dog show? A．Cautious. B．Proud. C．Regretful. D．Indifferent. 2．What is the primary focus of the recent review of 15 studies? A．The ways dogs and owners communicate with each other. B．The differences between dogs and their owners’ personalities. C．How similar the personalities of dogs and owners become over time. D．How dogs and owners choose each other based on physical features. 3．What is the possible reason why people choose dogs that look like them? A．They choose dogs based on breed popularity. B．They are attracted to dogs with unique personalities. C．They may unconsciously select dogs that mirror their appearance. D．They want dogs with completely different characteristics and body types. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．How to choose an ideal pet dog — here’s an example. B．Dogs and their owners really do look alike — here’s why. C．How to win the Dog Show Competition — here’s the secret. D．Pets and their owners become friends over time — here’s the proof. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·广东广州·期末) Recent research suggests that growing camellia (山茶) plants for cooking oil could enhance production while minimizing environmental harm. Replacing some traditional vegetable oil crops with camellia could lead to increased oil yield and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (释放), water consumption, and pesticide use. Camellia, or tea seed oil, is a high-yielding bush that grows well in challenging conditions where other oil crops struggle. Despite its potential health benefits, camellia oil remains largely unknown outside China. Currently, about a third of the world’s farmland is used to grow vegetable oils. This area is expanding, contributing to deforestation, global warming and wildlife loss. According to Thomas Wanger from Westlake University in Hangzhou, China, the environmental impact of six main oil crops — soya, palm, rapeseed, sunflower, peanut, and olive — results in an estimated 1.2 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide emissions annually, primarily due to fertilizer use and deforestation. Wanger’s team explored the environmental benefits of replacing some of these crops with Camellia oleifera. This plant can yield up to 2.8 tonnes of oil per hectare, second only to palm oil, and can grow in poor soil and on steep hillsides. Camellia oil is rich in oleic acid (油酸), which may lower heart disease risk and has a higher smoke point than many oils, reducing harmful chemical formation during cooking. If camellia were grown on 11% of the land currently used for other oil crops, it could produce the same oil volume while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions by 14%, water use by 5%, land use by 7%, and pesticide use by 9%. However, these figures would depend on how camellia is grown, says Wanger, “The benefits depend strongly on where it is planted and to replace what.” Government action would probably be needed to encourage a camellia oil market, says Wanger. “The price currently is very high, and so I think the consumer might be a bit hesitant.” “The commercial reality is that new oil crops won’t achieve a large market share unless production can compete in the market,” says Christopher at Alternative Fuels Consultancy. 1．What are the environmental benefits of growing camellia plants? A．Using less chemicals. B．Limiting water pollution. C．Minimizing greenhouse gas. D．Helping other crops’ growth. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Camellia plants attain the highest oil yield. B．The living conditions of camellia is demanding. C．Camellia oil tends to form less poisonous gas in cooking. D．Camellia oil is primarily used for heart disease treatment. 3．What is Wanger’s attitude toward replacing other oil crops with camellia oil? A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 4．What is crucial in increasing the camellia oil’s market share? A．Reducing the price. B．Expanding the farmland. C．Encouraging more production. D．Changing the shopping habits. 主题08 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高二上·广东佛山·期末) Every spring, about two billion birds fly through Texas. However, light pollution in urban areas can be deadly for many migratory (迁徙的) species. The experts from the Texas Conservation Alliance, who ran the Lights Out program in 2020, convinced downtown businesses and residents to switch off unnecessary lighting from 11 p. m. to 6 a. m. during spring and autumn, reducing light pollution that is otherwise misleading to birds. As of October 31 of 2024, the team recorded 42 bird deaths, down from the 110 deaths documented in the fall of 2023. This is partly due to the support of downtown building owners who have agreed to turn off lights overnight after joining the Lights Out program in 2021. In addition to making the very simple switch, Lights Out teaches city officials and other involved parties how to decrease light pollution and save urban wildlife. The Alliance has also developed a way to forecast bird migration during specific times and in specific locations, helping residents and businesses predict when birds may pass so they can activate the Lights Out program more accurately. And it’s not just a win for the birds, but for everyone who shares an ecosystem with them. Birds are good signs of ecosystem health. Plus, birds look and sound really cool and have interesting behaviors. Bird lovers can do their part, too. The Lights Out program, for instance, has started using dBird, a website where residents can report cases of dead and injured birds, which helps experts target their efforts. “We’re only one team. We can’t collect all the data on the building strikes. We know there is more happening,” director Mei Ling Liu told a reporter. “So spreading the word that anyone can report a bird strike and help us collect this data is what we’ re trying to do with this website.” 1．What does paragraph 3 tell us about the Lights Out program? A．It raised awareness of conservation. B．It aimed to reduce electricity waste. C．It helped decrease the deaths of birds. D．It became popular among the country. 2．What is the purpose of paragraph 5? A．To explore ways of conservation. B．To recognize the importance of birds. C．To confirm the function of ecosystem. D．To assess the effectiveness of the program 3．What is the significance of dBird? A．It tracks the reported birds. B．It brings bird enthusiasts together. C．It increases the number of birds. D．It allows bird lovers to contribute. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Go Dark to Save Birds B．Lead the Birds Home C．Rescue the Dying Birds D．Turn Off Lights for Future / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $