专题03 阅读词汇（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03 阅读词汇 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点一 文化传承类词汇 3 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查文化继承类话题的阅读理解 必备知识 知识1 文化核心术语 知识2 传承与交流动作 知识3 文化特征描述 关键能力 能力1语境猜词能力：依托逻辑与构词法破解词义 能力2 词汇逻辑关联能力：通过词汇梳理语篇逻辑 能力3 主题词汇聚焦能力：锁定核心词把握主旨 能力4 同义替换匹配能力：精准识别细节对应 命题预测 考向1词义猜测类 考向2 细节理解类 考向3 主旨大意类 考向4 推理判断类 考点二 科技发展类词汇 13 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查科技发展类词汇的意义 必备知识 知识 1 科技核心术语 知识 2 科技影响与动作 知识 3 科技特征描述 命题预测 考向1细节理解类 2. 推理判断类 3. 词义猜测类 考点三 社会热点类词汇 21 考点四 生态环保类词汇 26 考点五 校园生活类词汇 31 命题轨迹透视 从近五年高考试题来看，北京卷阅读理解以细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测为核心题型，词汇考查聚焦 “语境适配 + 逻辑关联”。命题趋势：在记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文四大体裁中，考查学生对核心词汇的语境理解、同义替换、逻辑推断能力，重点覆盖文化传承、科技发展、社会热点、生态环保、校园生活五大主题，强化词汇在语篇逻辑中的精准运用。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 文化传承类词汇 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 3题（32、33、34），6分 3题（32、33、34），6分 科技发展类词汇 4题（28、29、30、31），8分 4题（28、29、30、31），8分 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 社会热点类词汇 3题（28、29、30，6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分 3题（28、29、30），6分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 生态环保类词汇 3题（21、22、23），6分） 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 3题（28、29、30），6分 校园生活类词汇 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 3题（21、22、23），6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分） 2026命题预测 预计 2026 年北京卷阅读将延续 “体裁稳定 + 主题鲜明” 的命题原则，核心考查词汇的 “语境化运用” 和 “逻辑关联能力”。新增趋势可能包括：一是强化北京本土文化词汇考查（如胡同文化、非遗传承相关词汇）；二是增加科技与环保交叉主题词汇（如 “carbon neutrality”“smart conservation”）；三是深化熟词生义、同义替换的考查强度，需重点掌握核心词汇的多义性和语境适配性，这是阅读得分的关键考点。 考点一 文化传承类词汇 1．（2020年北京卷 阅读理解34，2分） The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. 34．Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasise the values of hand skills. 命题解读 新情境：这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就 新考法：目前阅读理解注重对文化意识的培养，所选取的材料涉及东西方文化的探讨，对提高学生的核心素养有很重要的作用。 新角度：通过阅读词汇帮助获取信息，从而推断其后的文化内涵。 本题中的难点在于需要推理判断，仅仅依靠认识词汇不能直接获取答案，需要深入挖掘文本之外的意义，因此要体会句子的言外之意。 2. （2024年全国高考I卷·阅读理解25；2.5分） Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 文化核心术语 基础词汇：heritage（/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/，遗产）、custom（/ˈkʌstəm/，习俗）、tradition（/trəˈdɪʃn/，传统）、culture（/ˈkʌltʃə/，文化）、identity（/aɪˈdentəti/，认同）、festival（/ˈfestɪvl/，节日） 常用搭配：cultural heritage（文化遗产）、traditional custom（传统习俗）、cultural identity（文化认同）、folk art（民间艺术）、inherit the tradition（传承传统） 场景例句：Paper-cutting is a precious intangible cultural heritage of China.（剪纸是中国珍贵的非物质文化遗产。） 传承与交流动作 基础词汇：inherit（/ɪnˈherɪt/，继承）、pass down（传递）、preserve（/prɪˈzɜːv/，保护）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，推广）、exchange（/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/，交流）、innovate（/ˈɪnəveɪt/，创新） 常用搭配：preserve traditional crafts（保护传统工艺）、promote cultural exchange（促进文化交流）、innovate techniques（创新技术）、pass down from generation to generation（代代相传） 场景例句：Young artists are trying to innovate traditional music to attract more listeners.（年轻艺术家正尝试创新传统音乐以吸引更多听众。） 文化特征描述 基础词汇：ancient（/ˈeɪnʃənt/，古老的）、traditional（/trəˈdɪʃənl/，传统的）、unique（/juˈniːk/，独特的）、priceless（/ˈpraɪsləs/，无价的）、intangible（/ɪnˈtændʒəbl/，非物质的）、authentic（/ɔːˈθentɪk/，正宗的） 常用搭配：ancient civilization（古老文明）、unique cultural characteristics（独特的文化特征）、authentic folk customs（正宗的民间习俗） 场景例句：The Great Wall is a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization.（长城是中国古代文明的象征。） 同义词汇混淆：如 “preserve”（强调 “保护使之不受破坏”）与 “reserve”（强调 “预留”），“inherit”（强调 “继承传统、遗产”）与 “receive”（强调 “收到”），需结合文化传承语境判断。 熟词生义误解：如 “heritage” 除 “遗产” 外，在文化语境中可指 “传统积淀”；“custom” 与 “habit” 的区别（前者指 “社会 / 群体习俗”，后者指 “个人习惯”）。 固定搭配遗漏：如 “intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）是北京卷高频表达，需牢记 “intangible” 的拼写和含义，避免误写为 “untangible”。 能力1语境猜词能力：依托逻辑与构词法破解词义 1. 词根词缀辅助猜词（2024 西城一模 D 篇） 原文：In people with peanut allergies, those cells increased in number and produced IgE antibodies as the people started treatment to desensitize them to peanut allergens. 题干：What does "desensitize" most probably mean? 选项：A. Make... less destructive. B. Make... less responsive. C. Make... less protective. D. Make... less effective. 解析：构词法拆解：词根 “sense” 表 “感知”，后缀 “-ize” 表 “使…… 化”，动词 “sensitize” 为 “使敏感”；前缀 “de-” 表 “降低、去除”。“desensitize”= de-（去除）+ sensitize（使敏感），含义为 “使去除敏感性”，即 “脱敏”。 语境验证：治疗花生过敏的核心是降低身体对过敏原的反应，与选项 B“Make... less responsive（使反应减弱）” 精准匹配。 2. 因果逻辑猜词（2025 西城一模 C 篇） 原文：Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. 题干：What does "stoke" probably mean? 选项：A. Fuel. B. Keep. C. Put. D. Contain. 解析： 逻辑线索：后文 “locking us into echo chambers... shut down debate” 是前文动作的结果，体现 “算法加剧分裂” 的因果关系 。 语义关联：“stoke the fires” 为固定搭配，结合结果 “强化固有观念、扼杀辩论”，可推断为 “火上浇油”；选项 A“Fuel（给…… 提供燃料）” 与 “stoke” 同义，符合因果逻辑链。 能力2 词汇逻辑关联能力：通过词汇梳理语篇逻辑 转折逻辑中的词汇对比（2024 北京高考 C 篇） 原文：Urban gardening is often praised for its environmental benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions. However, critics argue that it is impractical for large-scale food production—most city spaces are too limited to grow enough crops for a community. 题干：What is the critics' attitude towards urban gardening? 选项：A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Unconcerned D. Optimistic 解析： 逻辑词定位：“However” 明确转折关系，前文用 “praised”“benefits” 表肯定，后文通过 “critics argue”“impractical”“too limited” 转向否定 。 词汇关联：“impractical”（不切实际的）直接传递质疑态度，与选项 B “Doubtful” 形成逻辑呼应，排除与转折前情感一致的 A、D。 因果逻辑中的词汇串联（2025 门头沟一模 C 篇） 原文：Robots could automate nearly half of US jobs within two decades. This automation will reduce labor costs for businesses but may cause unemployment, especially for low-skill workers. Governments must design policies to support workforce retraining. 题干：Why do governments need to develop retraining policies? 选项：A. Robots are too expensive to maintain. B. Automation may lead to job loss. C. Workers refuse to use new technology. D. Businesses demand more skilled robots. 解析： 逻辑链搭建：“automation”（自动化）→“reduce labor costs”（降成本）→“cause unemployment”（致失业）→“need retraining policies”（需培训政策），因果关系通过动词 “reduce”“cause”“need” 串联 。 细节匹配：“cause unemployment” 直接解释政策必要性，与选项 B “Automation may lead to job loss” 同义，其中 “lead to” 是 “cause” 的高频替换词 。 能力3 主题词汇聚焦能力：锁定核心词把握主旨 高频名词锁定主题（2025 东城一模 D 篇） 原文脉络：首段提出 “Beijing’s push for carbon neutrality”→中段举例 “replacing coal with natural gas”“expanding electric buses”→尾段强调 “public participation in low-carbon lifestyles”。 题干：What is the main idea of the text? 选项：A. Beijing’s electric buses are popular among residents B. Coal-fired power causes serious pollution C. Beijing advances carbon neutrality through multiple measures D. Low-carbon lifestyles are difficult to adopt 解析： 主题词提取：高频出现的 “carbon neutrality”（碳中和）“low-carbon”（低碳）“measures”（措施）构成核心主题框架 。 干扰排除：A、B 仅涉及中段单一细节（电动公交、煤炭污染），D 与原文 “public participation” 矛盾；选项 C 包含核心主题词 “carbon neutrality” 及支撑逻辑 “multiple measures”，符合主旨要求。 核心动词体现主线（2024 海淀二模 B 篇） 原文脉络：Hutong renovation aims to preserve traditional culture—not just restore buildings, but also protect local residents’ lifestyles. Community workshops promote folk arts, while digital displays share hutong stories with tourists. 题干：What is the key goal of hutong renovation? 选项：A. To attract more tourists. B. To preserve traditional culture. C. To build modern buildings. D. To increase property values. 解析： 动词线索：“preserve”“protect”“promote”“share” 均围绕 “传承文化” 展开，其中 “preserve”（保护、传承）反复出现，是主题核心动词 。 选项验证：B 直接包含核心动词 “preserve” 及主题词 “traditional culture”，其余选项均偏离动词群指向的主线。 能力4 同义替换匹配能力：精准识别细节对应 1.动词替换（2024 北京高考 B 篇） 原文：The program helps students develop critical thinking skills by analyzing real-world problems.​ 题干：What does the program help students do? 选项：A. Enhance critical thinking skills B. Solve complex math problems C. Learn about world history D. Improve communication skills 解析： 替换识别：题干 “help students do” 对应原文 “helps students develop”，其中 “Enhance” 是 “develop” 的高频同义替换词 。 细节匹配：“critical thinking skills” 原词复现，选项 A 完全对应，其余选项均无原文依据。​ 2.形容词替换（2025 朝阳一模 C 篇） 原文：The new technology is effective in reducing energy use by 30%. 题干：What is the advantage of the new technology? 选项：A. It is affordable for small businesses B. It is efficient in saving energy C. It is easy to install D. It is popular among users 解析： 替换识别：题干 “advantage” 对应原文 “effective”（有效的），选项中 “efficient”（高效的）是其常见同义替换 。 数据验证：“saving energy” 对应 “reducing energy use”，30% 的数据支撑 “efficient” 的表述，选项 B 精准匹配。 北京卷词汇考查核心规律总结 1.同义替换高频词：动词（develop→enhance，cause→lead to）、形容词（effective→efficient，important→crucial）是命题重点 ，需优先积累。 2.猜词逻辑偏好：转折（however）、因果（so/because）、举例（for example）是主要线索，词根词缀（de - 表否定，-ize 表使动）辅助性强 。 3.主题词特征：环保（carbon neutrality、biodiversity）、文化（heritage、preserve）、科技（automation、algorithm）是高频主题域，多以名词形式反复出现 。 4.逻辑词功能：however、therefore、but 等连接词直接决定语义方向，是推理题与主旨题的 “解题钥匙”。 1. Digital Bridges: Revitalizing Beijing's Intangible Cultural Heritage Beijing's Eight Imperial Handicrafts, including cloisonné and paper-cutting, have long been symbols of the city's cultural identity. However, these age-old crafts faced fading popularity as younger generations turned to modern hobbies. To address this, the Beijing Arts and Crafts Museum (BACM) launched a cross-year exhibition in 2024, blending traditional craftsmanship with digital innovation. The exhibition features interactive displays: visitors can use VR headsets to watch master artisans carve jade, or try digital paper-cutting on tablets—creating patterns of zodiac animals that can be shared online with #BeijingCraftMagic. "We're not just showing relics," says curator Zhou Luyu. "We're letting people carry on the spirit of these crafts in their own way." Beyond the museum, social media has become a key platform for heritage transmission. Mr. Wang, an inheritor of "Dough Figurine Lang" craftsmanship, posts short videos of his creation process. His clips, which show colorful dough turning into Peking Opera characters in minutes, have gained 2 million followers. "When teenagers comment that they want to learn, I know the tradition won't die," he says. International collaboration adds another layer. The ChinaVine project, a joint effort between Chinese and American scholars, has documented Beijing's rural folk arts on an open-resource website. With English translations and documentaries, it allows global audiences to understand the stories behind these crafts. "Cultural exchange isn't one-way," notes researcher Kristin Congdon. "It's about building connections through shared appreciation." From museum exhibits to online communities, technology is proving to be a powerful tool—not just to save these traditions, but to give them new life for future generations. 考向 1：词义猜测类 1.What does the underlined phrase "carry on" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Give up B. Pass down C. Show off D. Look for 考向 2：细节理解类 2.According to the text, how does digital technology help preserve paper-cutting? A. It replaces traditional scissors with digital tools for all artisans. B. It allows visitors to create and share digital paper-cut works. C. It posts old paper-cut relics on the museum's website. D. It teaches teenagers to make paper-cutting in schools. 考向 3：主旨大意类 3.What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing's Eight Imperial Handicrafts are losing popularity among youth. B. Digital technology promotes the innovation of Beijing's cultural heritage. C. The ChinaVine project helps foreigners learn about Chinese crafts. D. Social media is the best way to spread traditional craftsmanship. 2. （2024北京市海淀区一模） At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 24. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 25. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 考向 4：推理判断类 26. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. 考点二 科技发展类词汇 1. （2024年新课标I卷·阅读理解28-29-30-31，10分） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 29．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 命题解读 新情境：本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。在阅读情境中考查对于科技词汇的理解和使用。 新考法：命题情境中，给出了推理判读题，学会把握隐含信息。 新角度：考查学生在具体文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查科技词汇。 根据“言外之意”解决推理判断题。 1.从however，in fact等不同的连接词中体会作者着重要讲的是什么，体会言外之意。 2. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However…本题中however之前是说有教育作用，话锋一转，然而…那就是说作者并不觉得数字资源、音频和视频作用多大。换个说法就是并没有那么重要，暗示觉得教育的作用是不是万能的，反而是纸质书仍然有价值，仍然不可替代。 2．（2024•海淀高三高三下学期一模·阅读理解C，28-29-30， 1.5分） Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia (失语症) to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music. A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures (癫痫发作), using electrodes (电极) on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize (合成) music. To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI)model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song. Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences — tempo, stress, accents, and intonation — known as prosody (韵律). These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia. Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words. Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands — or brains — of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces. 28. What can we learn from the study? A. Electrodes can analyze musical elements. B. The decoding of brain data helps recreate music. C. Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity. D. The AI model monitors music-responsive brain regions. 29. What hopefully makes it possible to expand the model to speech? A. The prosody of speech. B. The collection of brain waves. C. The emotional weight of music. D. The reconstruction of information. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Unlocking the Secrets of Melodic Mind B. Brain Symphony: Synthesized Human Speech C. BCI Brings Hope to People with Aphasia D. Remarkable Journey: Decoding Brain with AI 命题解读 新情境：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。 新考法：命题情境中，有推断标题的题，由此考查学生的主旨大意的掌握。 新角度：考查学生在实际阅读理解文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查阅读词汇。 科技词汇考查 知识 1 科技核心术语 基础词汇：technology（/tekˈnɒlədʒi/，技术）、innovation（/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/，创新）、artificial intelligence（人工智能）、data（/ˈdeɪtə/，数据）、internet（/ˈɪntənet/，互联网）、algorithm（/ˈælɡərɪðəm/，算法） 常用搭配：technological innovation（技术创新）、big data（大数据）、AI-powered devices（人工智能驱动的设备）、internet of things（物联网）、digital technology（数字技术） 场景例句：Big data has become an important tool in modern scientific research.（大数据已成为现代科学研究的重要工具。） 知识 2 科技影响与动作 基础词汇：transform（/trænsˈfɔːm/，变革）、revolutionize（/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/，彻底改变）、accelerate（/əkˈseləreɪt/，加速）、analyze（/ˈænəlaɪz/，分析）、innovate（/ˈɪnəveɪt/，创新）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，促进） 常用搭配：transform people's lives（变革人们的生活）、accelerate development（加速发展）、analyze data（分析数据）、innovate technology（创新技术） 场景例句：AI has revolutionized the way we work and communicate.（人工智能彻底改变了我们工作和沟通的方式。） 知识 3 科技特征描述 基础词汇：advanced（/ədˈvɑːnst/，先进的）、efficient（/ɪˈfɪʃnt/，高效的）、smart（/smɑːt/，智能的）、digital（/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/，数字的）、high-speed（/haɪ spiːd/，高速的）、automatic（/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/，自动的） 常用搭配：advanced technology（先进技术）、efficient processing（高效处理）、smart devices（智能设备）、digital transformation（数字化转型） 场景例句：Automatic driving technology is becoming more and more mature.（自动驾驶技术正变得越来越成熟。） 术语拼写错误：如 “algorithm” 易误写为 “algorism”、“innovation” 易漏写中间的 “v”。 语义逻辑混淆：如 “transform”（强调 “彻底变革”）与 “change”（强调 “普通变化”），“accelerate”（强调 “加速”）与 “promote”（强调 “促进”），需结合科技发展的程度判断。 熟词生义误解：如 “power” 在科技语境中可作动词，意为 “驱动”（如 AI-powered， 为复合形容词，powered 为过去分词，意为‘由人工智能驱动的’）；“access” 在科技语境中意为 “获取、使用”（如 “access online resources”）。 结合北京高考英语的命题特点，以下是对科技文词汇的考查点的预测，含命题方向、示例及解析： 1． Smart Robots Reshape China's Warehousing Industry In the sprawling warehouses of Beijing's Daxing District, a new generation of autonomous robots is redefining logistics efficiency. Developed by local tech firm Keenon Robotics, the K-Ware 500 series combines advanced sensors and AI to handle goods with unprecedented precision—marking a transformative shift in how e-commerce giants manage inventory. The K-Ware 500's core strengths lie in its smart design and operational efficiency. Equipped with 3D cameras and real-time tracking, the robots can navigate narrow aisles without human guidance, sorting up to 1,200 packages per hour—three times faster than manual workers. "Our high-speed sorting system cuts order processing time by 60%," explains Keenon's engineer Li Wei. "During peak shopping seasons like Double 11, this efficiency means customers get their packages in 12 hours instead of 3 days." Behind this performance is a proprietary algorithm that acts as the robot's "brain." This mathematical model analyzes real-time data on inventory locations, order urgency, and robot battery levels to optimize routes—ensuring no time is wasted on unnecessary movements. What sets the system apart is its adaptability: if a shelf is moved or a new package arrives, the algorithm recalculates paths in milliseconds, avoiding delays. Yet the technology also raises concerns. Warehouse managers note that while robots reduce labor costs, they require significant upfront investment and technical maintenance. "We had to retrain 80% of our staff to monitor the robots," says Zhang Hua, operations director at a Beijing logistics center. "It's not just about replacing workers—it's about redefining their roles." Despite these challenges, the long-term benefits are clear. Keenon's data shows that clients using K-Ware 500 have seen a 45% drop in shipping errors and a 30% reduction in energy use. As Li Wei puts it: "Smart logistics isn't just about speed—it's about building a more reliable, sustainable supply chain." 考向 1：细节理解类 1.Which of the following is a key feature of the K-Ware 500 robots? A. They can replace all manual workers in warehouses. B. They sort packages three times faster than humans. C. They require 24-hour human guidance to navigate. D. They reduce energy use by 60% in peak seasons. 考向 2：推理判断类 2.What is the author's attitude towards smart warehousing robots? A. Fully critical of their high costs. B. Doubtful about their practical value. C. Objective with a positive tilt. D. Unconcerned about labor changes. 考向 3：词义猜测类 3.What does the underlined word "algorithm" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. A type of 3D camera used for tracking goods. B. A mathematical model that optimizes robot routes. C. A battery system that supports long working hours. D. A sensor that detects obstacles in warehouses. 纯生词考查更要根据上下文来猜测单词的意义，从而获取信息，解决问题。 考点三 社会热点类词汇 1. （2025年 北京卷·阅读理解23，2分） Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics 23．What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A．Build urban communities. B．Serve as guides on a farm. C．Learn about healthy living. D．Volunteer in a science lab. 命题解读 新情境：收集了“青少年互动夏令营”相关信息的应用文为命题情境，考查阅读词汇和理解。 新考法：本题考查健康生活，关键词的替换非常重要。如文中是empower you to make healthy decisions, 对应选项中的learn about healthy living。 新角度：运用阅读词汇获取信息后再转换成自己熟悉的表达方法，而不是直接孤立考查阅读词汇。 2．（模拟，2分） Online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, especially after the pandemic. It allows students to learn at their own pace and access high-quality resources from around the world. However, some students struggle with self-discipline and lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers. Q: What is the challenge of online education mentioned in the passage? A. Limited resources. B. Lack of self-control. C. High cost. D. Complex technology. 3.（2025年新高考I卷阅读理解28，2.5分） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 根据“前因后果”细细推敲，做出正确判断。 1. 从“didn’t have hope for it”到“she was flooded”再到“success”可以看到完全出乎她的意料。 2. 细节上的仔细推敲让判断更加准确。 社会热点类词汇 社会现象术语 基础词汇：phenomenon（/fəˈnɒmɪnən/，现象）、trend（/trend/，趋势）、issue（/ˈɪʃuː/，议题）、community（/kəˈmjuːnəti/，社区）、society（/səˈsaɪəti/，社会）、volunteering（/ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪŋ/，志愿服务） 常用搭配：social phenomenon（社会现象）、popular trend（流行趋势）、public issue（公共议题）、community service（社区服务）、online shop（在线商店）、orders（订单）、industry explosion（工业爆炸） 场景例句：Online shopping has become a common social phenomenon in modern society.（网购已成为现代社会常见的社会现象。） 观点与态度表达 基础词汇：advocate（/ˈædvəkeɪt/，倡导）、support（/səˈpɔːt/，支持）、oppose（/əˈpəʊz/，反对）、controversial（/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/，有争议的）、positive（/ˈpɒzətɪv/，积极的）、negative（/ˈneɡətɪv/，消极的） 常用搭配：advocate environmental protection（倡导环保）、controversial policy（有争议的政策）、positive attitude（积极态度） 场景例句：Many experts advocate reducing plastic use to protect the environment.（许多专家倡导减少塑料使用以保护环境。） 行为与影响描述 基础词汇：dedicate（/ˈdedɪkeɪt/，奉献）、contribute（/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/，贡献）、strengthen（/ˈstreŋθn/，加强）、enrich（/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/，丰富）、influence（/ˈɪnfluəns/，影响）、solve（/sɒlv/，解决） 常用搭配：dedicate to public service（致力于公共服务）、contribute to social progress（为社会进步做贡献）、strengthen social bonds（加强社会纽带） 场景例句：Volunteering can enrich people's life and strengthen community ties.（志愿服务能丰富人们的生活，加强社区联系。） 名词复数错误：如 “phenomenon” 的复数为 “phenomena”（易误写为 “phenomenons”）、“issue” 作 “议题” 讲时为可数名词（复数 “issues”）。如：Online shopping and plant cultivation are common social phenomena（网上购物和植物栽培是常见的社会现象）. 态度词汇混淆：如 “controversial”（强调 “有争议的”，无明确褒贬）与 “negative”（强调 “消极的”，表贬义），“positive” 与 “optimistic” 的区别（前者指 “积极的”，后者指 “乐观的”）。 固定搭配误解：如 “be dedicated to doing”（致力于做某事），易误写为 “be dedicated to do”；“contribute to” 中 “to” 为介词，后接名词或动名词（如 “contribute to reducing pollution”）。 "Neighbor for Neighbor": Beijing's New Model for Elderly Care With over 2.4 million residents aged 60 and above in central Beijing, traditional nursing homes can no longer meet the growing demand for elderly care. In response, the "Neighbor for Neighbor" program—launched in Chaoyang and Haidian districts in early 2025—has emerged as a popular community-based solution, connecting young volunteers with elderly residents who need daily support. The program operates on a simple principle: volunteers (mostly college students and working adults) provide 10 hours of service monthly—such as grocery shopping, tech help, or companionship—in exchange for "care credits." These credits can be saved for their own future care or transferred to family members. "It’s a win-win," says Zhang Min, a program coordinator. "Elderly residents avoid loneliness, and volunteers gain a sense of purpose." Yet the initiative struggles with several challenges. Many volunteers report feeling unprepared to handle medical emergencies, like sudden dizziness or falls. "I once panicked when an elderly aunt fainted," recalls Li Tao, a 22-year-old volunteer. "I didn’t know if I should move her or call for help." Funding shortages also limit training resources; the program currently relies on small government grants and community donations. Critics argue the credit system risks turning altruistic acts into transactional exchanges. "Volunteering should come from genuine care, not the desire to earn credits," says sociologist Professor Liu. But supporters counter that the system makes long-term participation sustainable. "Most volunteers start for credits but stay because they bond with the elders," Zhang Min explains. "Last month, 120 volunteers extended their service even after earning enough credits." Despite these debates, the program’s benefits are tangible. A 2025 survey by Beijing Social Work Research Center found 83% of participating elders felt "more secure" at home, and 76% of volunteers reported improved communication skills. "It’s not a perfect solution," admits Wang Hong, head of Beijing’s Civil Affairs Bureau. "But it shows how communities can fill gaps in public services—with heart and creativity." 考向 1：细节理解类​ 1.What is a key challenge the "Neighbor for Neighbor" program faces? A. Few elderly residents are willing to join the program. B. Volunteers lack preparation for medical emergencies. C. The credit system has been rejected by most volunteers. D. Government grants cover all training and operational costs. 考向 2：词义猜测类​ 2. What does the underlined word "altruistic" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Selfless and caring B. Practical and useful C. Formal and serious D. Difficult and tiring 考向 3：主旨大意类 3. What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing’s elderly population is growing faster than expected. B. The "Neighbor for Neighbor" program has solved Beijing’s elderly care problem. C. Beijing’s community care program has both positive impacts and challenges. D. Volunteer credits are the most effective way to support elderly residents. 考点四 生态环保类词汇 1. （2025年 新高考全国I卷·阅读理解34，2.5分） Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 命题解读 新情境：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。 新考法：通过阅读词汇获取和梳理信息，并进行推理判断。 新角度：运用阅读词汇increasingly difficult, microplastic exposure获取信息后再结合在一起进行判断。 2．（2025年全国新高考II卷，阅读理解33，2.5分） Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 33．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste. C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 根据“关键词”查找。 1.“raise awareness regarding food waste”提高公众对于食物浪费的意识。 2. 与B选项相符。 生态环保类词汇社会现象术语 环保核心术语 基础词汇：environment（/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/，环境）、pollution（/pəˈluːʃn/，污染）、ecosystem（/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/，生态系统）、biodiversity（/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/，生物多样性）、sustainable（/səˈsteɪnəbl/，可持续的）、carbon（/ˈkɑːbən/，碳） 常用搭配：environmental protection（环境保护）、carbon emissions（碳排放）、biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护）、sustainable development（可持续发展）、renewable energy（可再生能源） 场景例句：Protecting biodiversity is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems.（保护生物多样性对维持生态系统平衡至关重要。） 环保动作与措施 基础词汇：preserve（/prɪˈzɜːv/，保护）、conserve（/kənˈsɜːv/，节约）、reduce（/rɪˈdjuːs/，减少）、prevent（/prɪˈvent/，预防）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，推广）、ban（/bæn/，禁止） 常用搭配：reduce pollution（减少污染）、conserve natural resources（节约自然资源）、promote renewable energy（推广可再生能源）、ban plastic bags（禁止塑料袋） 场景例句：We should reduce the use of disposable products to protect the environment.（我们应减少一次性产品的使用以保护环境。） 环境问题与影响 基础词汇：pollute（/pəˈluːt/，污染）、destroy（/dɪˈstrɔɪ/，破坏）、damage（/ˈdæmɪdʒ/，损害）、extinct（/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/，灭绝的）、disrupt（/dɪsˈrʌpt/，破坏）、deforestation（/ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/，森林砍伐） 常用搭配：environmental damage（环境损害）、endangered species（濒危物种）、disrupt the ecosystem（破坏生态系统）、air pollution（空气污染） 场景例句：Deforestation has led to the loss of many animal habitats.（森林砍伐导致许多动物栖息地丧失。） 形近词混淆：如 “preserve”（保护）与 “reserve”（预留）、“conserve”（节约）与 “deserve”（值得），需结合环保语境区分动作含义。 术语搭配错误：如 “renewable energy”（可再生能源）不可写为 “renewed energy”；“carbon neutrality”（碳中和）易误写为 “carbon neutral”。 语义程度混淆：如 “destroy”（强调 “彻底破坏”）与 “damage”（强调 “部分损害，可修复”）、“extinct”（强调 “已灭绝”）与 “endangered”（强调 “濒危”），需根据语境判断程度。 Beijing's Dual Drive: Biodiversity and Carbon Neutrality As global climate challenges intensify, Beijing has stepped up efforts to balance ecological protection with sustainable development. Two key initiatives—biodiversity conservation and the push for carbon neutrality—have become central to the city's "Livable Green Capital" strategy, with tangible progress and ongoing challenges. In biodiversity protection, Beijing has implemented targeted measures to reduce habitat loss. The city conducts annual "physical examinations" for over 40,000 ancient trees, setting up individual protection files to monitor their health . Wetland restoration projects in Daxing and Changping districts have expanded habitats for waterfowl, with the number of bird species rising from 501 in 2020 to 519 in 2024 . To promote public participation, community-led "bird-watching workshops" and "native plant planting drives" have engaged over 100,000 residents since 2023. "Protecting local flora and fauna isn't just about saving species—it's about safeguarding our own living environment," says Lin Hua, director of Beijing's Ecology and Environment Bureau. Parallel to this, Beijing is advancing its carbon neutrality goals, aiming to reach peak emissions before 2030 . The city has replaced coal-fired boilers with natural gas systems, cutting industrial pollution by 35% in three years. Public transport upgrades, including 200 new electric buses and expanded subway lines, have reduced private car usage during rush hour by 18%. "Every small step counts," notes environmental researcher Dr. Wang. "Switching to energy-saving bulbs or taking the subway—these individual actions add up to big changes." Yet challenges remain. Funding gaps have delayed the expansion of wildlife corridors, and some businesses resist green upgrades due to high costs. Dr. Wang emphasizes that success requires collaboration: "Government policies set the framework, but businesses must invest in clean technology, and individuals need to adopt sustainable habits. All parties must work together—this is non-negotiable." The link between the two initiatives is clear: protecting biodiversity enhances ecosystems' ability to absorb carbon, while low-carbon development reduces stress on natural habitats. A 2025 municipal report shows that restored wetlands now sequester 12% more carbon than in 2020, and urban green spaces have lowered local temperatures by 1.2°C. "These efforts aren't isolated," Lin Hua concludes. "They're part of a single mission—to build a city where humans and nature thrive together. That's the essential goal of our green transition." 考向 1：细节理解类 1. What is one measure Beijing has taken to protect biodiversity? A. It has built 200 new electric bus routes across the city. B. It conducts annual "physical examinations" for ancient trees. C. It has reduced private car usage by 35% during rush hour. D. It has invested in coal-fired boiler upgrades for industries. 考向 2：推理判断类 2. What does the author imply through Dr. Wang's statement? A. Individual actions have no real impact on carbon neutrality. B. Only government policies can drive environmental progress. C. Collaborative effort is crucial for green development. D. Businesses should take full responsibility for pollution reduction. 考向 3：词义猜测类 3. What does the underlined word "biodiversity" in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. The protection of ancient trees and wetland habitats B. The variety of plant and animal species in a region C. The process of reducing carbon emissions and pollution D. The collaboration between government and communities 考点五 校园生活类词汇 1. （2025年 北京卷·阅读理解24-25-26-27，8分） Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 24．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 25．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 26．Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A．Dignifying. B．Rewarding. C．Engaging. D．Relaxing. 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．Everyone is the maker of their own success. B．Success favours those with a golden heart. C．Success knocks at your door only once. D．A college holds the key to success. 命题解读 新情境：本文是夹叙夹议文。介绍了高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思。 新考法：通过阅读词汇获取和梳理信息，并进行细节查找和推理判断。 新角度：运用阅读词汇essay, success, course registration, schedule, academic, grade, group interview获取信息后再结合在一起进行判断。 2．（2024年 北京卷，阅读理解21-22-23，6分） The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 21．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 23．What do students need to do during the registration? A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework. C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners. 根据“学术关键词”查找。 1.“language skills，requirement，pair meeting, registration, sign up, indicate their language, ”这些学术关键词帮助准确理解文章，从而获取细节信息，而解决相应的问题。 2. 要注意学术词汇的对应变化，如register，registration”, “require, requirement”, “interested, interest”等。 校园生活类词汇 学业相关术语 基础词汇：academic（/ˌækəˈdemɪk/，学业的）、pressure（/ˈpreʃə/，压力）、assignment（/əˈsaɪnmənt/，作业）、exam（/ɪɡˈzæm/，考试）、course（/kɔːs/，课程）、degree（/dɪˈɡriː/，学位） 常用搭配：academic pressure（学业压力）、course work（课程作业）、final exam（期末考试）、time management（时间管理） 场景例句：Good time management is key to coping with academic pressure.（良好的时间管理是应对学业压力的关键。） 校园活动与互动 基础词汇：participate（/pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/，参与）、discuss（/dɪˈskʌs/，讨论）、cooperate（/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/，合作）、exchange（/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/，交流）、present（/prɪˈzent/，展示）、organize（/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/，组织） 常用搭配：participate in activities（参与活动）、group discussion（小组讨论）、cooperate with classmates（与同学合作）、exchange ideas（交流想法） 场景例句：Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities to enrich their campus life.（鼓励学生参加课外活动以丰富校园生活。） 情感与态度描述 基础词汇：motivate（/ˈməʊtɪveɪt/，激励）、encourage（/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/，鼓励）、stressful（/ˈstresfl/，有压力的）、confident（/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/，自信的）、enthusiastic（/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/，热情的）、diligent（/ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/，勤奋的） 常用搭配：motivate students（激励学生）、stressful study life（有压力的学习生活）、be enthusiastic about learning（对学习热情） 场景例句：Teachers' encouragement can make students more confident in their studies.（教师的鼓励能让学生在学习中更自信。） 固定搭配错误：如 “participate in”（参与）不可写为 “participate sth.”；“cope with”（应对）易误写为 “cope sth.”；“exchange ideas with sb.”（与某人交流想法）不可漏写 “with”。 形容词副词混淆：如 “stressful”（形容词，“有压力的”，修饰事物）与 “stressed”（形容词，“感到压力的”，修饰人）；“confident”（形容词）与 “confidently”（副词），需根据语法成分判断。 语义场景混淆：如 “assignment”（侧重 “教师布置的作业”）与 “homework”（侧重 “家庭作业”）、“course”（侧重 “某一门课程”）与 “lesson”（侧重 “一节课的内容”），需结合校园场景区分。 （2025全国新高考I卷，阅读理解24-25-26-27，10分） In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 考向 1：细节理解类 24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents. C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters. 25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary. C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic. 考向 2：词义猜测类 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 考向 3：主旨大意类 27．What does the author’s experience show? A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep. C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司30 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读词汇 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点一 文化传承类词汇 3 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查文化继承类话题的阅读理解 必备知识 知识1 文化核心术语 知识2 传承与交流动作 知识3 文化特征描述 关键能力 能力1语境猜词能力：依托逻辑与构词法破解词义 能力2 词汇逻辑关联能力：通过词汇梳理语篇逻辑 能力3 主题词汇聚焦能力：锁定核心词把握主旨 能力4 同义替换匹配能力：精准识别细节对应 命题预测 考向1词义猜测类 考向2 细节理解类 考向3 主旨大意类 考向4 推理判断类 考点二 科技发展类词汇 13 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查科技发展类词汇的意义 必备知识 知识 1 科技核心术语 知识 2 科技影响与动作 知识 3 科技特征描述 命题预测 考向1细节理解类 2. 推理判断类 3. 词义猜测类 考点三 社会热点类词汇 21 考点四 生态环保类词汇 26 考点五 校园生活类词汇 31 命题轨迹透视 从近五年高考试题来看，北京卷阅读理解以细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测为核心题型，词汇考查聚焦 “语境适配 + 逻辑关联”。命题趋势：在记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文四大体裁中，考查学生对核心词汇的语境理解、同义替换、逻辑推断能力，重点覆盖文化传承、科技发展、社会热点、生态环保、校园生活五大主题，强化词汇在语篇逻辑中的精准运用。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 文化传承类词汇 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 3题（32、33、34），6分 3题（32、33、34），6分 科技发展类词汇 4题（28、29、30、31），8分 4题（28、29、30、31），8分 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 4题（31、32、33、34），8分 社会热点类词汇 3题（28、29、30，6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分 3题（28、29、30），6分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 生态环保类词汇 3题（21、22、23），6分） 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 3题（28、29、30），6分 校园生活类词汇 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 4题（24、25、26、27），8分 3题（21、22、23），6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分） 3题（21、22、23），6分） 2026命题预测 预计 2026 年北京卷阅读将延续 “体裁稳定 + 主题鲜明” 的命题原则，核心考查词汇的 “语境化运用” 和 “逻辑关联能力”。新增趋势可能包括：一是强化北京本土文化词汇考查（如胡同文化、非遗传承相关词汇）；二是增加科技与环保交叉主题词汇（如 “carbon neutrality”“smart conservation”）；三是深化熟词生义、同义替换的考查强度，需重点掌握核心词汇的多义性和语境适配性，这是阅读得分的关键考点。 考点一 文化传承类词汇 1．（2020年北京卷 阅读理解34，2分） The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. 34．Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasise the values of hand skills. 命题解读 新情境：这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就 新考法：目前阅读理解注重对文化意识的培养，所选取的材料涉及东西方文化的探讨，对提高学生的核心素养有很重要的作用。 新角度：通过阅读词汇帮助获取信息，从而推断其后的文化内涵。 【答案】D 【解析】考查“文化传承”语境中的词汇的认识和推理判断。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。熟悉文化传承中的词汇，比如：preserve, treasure, insight, museum, reconstruction，会更容易促进理解文章和问题解决，。 本题中的难点在于需要推理判断，仅仅依靠认识词汇不能直接获取答案，需要深入挖掘文本之外的意义，因此要体会句子的言外之意。 2. （2024年全国高考I卷·阅读理解25；2.5分） Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【答案】 C 【解析】考查“文化传承”语境中的词汇的认识和推理判断。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。作为中国传统文化的针灸对世界的影响和帮助，在这个文章中表现明显。 文化核心术语 基础词汇：heritage（/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/，遗产）、custom（/ˈkʌstəm/，习俗）、tradition（/trəˈdɪʃn/，传统）、culture（/ˈkʌltʃə/，文化）、identity（/aɪˈdentəti/，认同）、festival（/ˈfestɪvl/，节日） 常用搭配：cultural heritage（文化遗产）、traditional custom（传统习俗）、cultural identity（文化认同）、folk art（民间艺术）、inherit the tradition（传承传统） 场景例句：Paper-cutting is a precious intangible cultural heritage of China.（剪纸是中国珍贵的非物质文化遗产。） 传承与交流动作 基础词汇：inherit（/ɪnˈherɪt/，继承）、pass down（传递）、preserve（/prɪˈzɜːv/，保护）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，推广）、exchange（/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/，交流）、innovate（/ˈɪnəveɪt/，创新） 常用搭配：preserve traditional crafts（保护传统工艺）、promote cultural exchange（促进文化交流）、innovate techniques（创新技术）、pass down from generation to generation（代代相传） 场景例句：Young artists are trying to innovate traditional music to attract more listeners.（年轻艺术家正尝试创新传统音乐以吸引更多听众。） 文化特征描述 基础词汇：ancient（/ˈeɪnʃənt/，古老的）、traditional（/trəˈdɪʃənl/，传统的）、unique（/juˈniːk/，独特的）、priceless（/ˈpraɪsləs/，无价的）、intangible（/ɪnˈtændʒəbl/，非物质的）、authentic（/ɔːˈθentɪk/，正宗的） 常用搭配：ancient civilization（古老文明）、unique cultural characteristics（独特的文化特征）、authentic folk customs（正宗的民间习俗） 场景例句：The Great Wall is a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization.（长城是中国古代文明的象征。） 同义词汇混淆：如 “preserve”（强调 “保护使之不受破坏”）与 “reserve”（强调 “预留”），“inherit”（强调 “继承传统、遗产”）与 “receive”（强调 “收到”），需结合文化传承语境判断。 熟词生义误解：如 “heritage” 除 “遗产” 外，在文化语境中可指 “传统积淀”；“custom” 与 “habit” 的区别（前者指 “社会 / 群体习俗”，后者指 “个人习惯”）。 固定搭配遗漏：如 “intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）是北京卷高频表达，需牢记 “intangible” 的拼写和含义，避免误写为 “untangible”。 能力1语境猜词能力：依托逻辑与构词法破解词义 1. 词根词缀辅助猜词（2024 西城一模 D 篇） 原文：In people with peanut allergies, those cells increased in number and produced IgE antibodies as the people started treatment to desensitize them to peanut allergens. 题干：What does "desensitize" most probably mean? 选项：A. Make... less destructive. B. Make... less responsive. C. Make... less protective. D. Make... less effective. 解析：构词法拆解：词根 “sense” 表 “感知”，后缀 “-ize” 表 “使…… 化”，动词 “sensitize” 为 “使敏感”；前缀 “de-” 表 “降低、去除”。“desensitize”= de-（去除）+ sensitize（使敏感），含义为 “使去除敏感性”，即 “脱敏”。 语境验证：治疗花生过敏的核心是降低身体对过敏原的反应，与选项 B“Make... less responsive（使反应减弱）” 精准匹配。 2. 因果逻辑猜词（2025 西城一模 C 篇） 原文：Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. 题干：What does "stoke" probably mean? 选项：A. Fuel. B. Keep. C. Put. D. Contain. 解析： 逻辑线索：后文 “locking us into echo chambers... shut down debate” 是前文动作的结果，体现 “算法加剧分裂” 的因果关系 。 语义关联：“stoke the fires” 为固定搭配，结合结果 “强化固有观念、扼杀辩论”，可推断为 “火上浇油”；选项 A“Fuel（给…… 提供燃料）” 与 “stoke” 同义，符合因果逻辑链。 能力2 词汇逻辑关联能力：通过词汇梳理语篇逻辑 转折逻辑中的词汇对比（2024 北京高考 C 篇） 原文：Urban gardening is often praised for its environmental benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions. However, critics argue that it is impractical for large-scale food production—most city spaces are too limited to grow enough crops for a community. 题干：What is the critics' attitude towards urban gardening? 选项：A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Unconcerned D. Optimistic 解析： 逻辑词定位：“However” 明确转折关系，前文用 “praised”“benefits” 表肯定，后文通过 “critics argue”“impractical”“too limited” 转向否定 。 词汇关联：“impractical”（不切实际的）直接传递质疑态度，与选项 B “Doubtful” 形成逻辑呼应，排除与转折前情感一致的 A、D。 因果逻辑中的词汇串联（2025 门头沟一模 C 篇） 原文：Robots could automate nearly half of US jobs within two decades. This automation will reduce labor costs for businesses but may cause unemployment, especially for low-skill workers. Governments must design policies to support workforce retraining. 题干：Why do governments need to develop retraining policies? 选项：A. Robots are too expensive to maintain. B. Automation may lead to job loss. C. Workers refuse to use new technology. D. Businesses demand more skilled robots. 解析： 逻辑链搭建：“automation”（自动化）→“reduce labor costs”（降成本）→“cause unemployment”（致失业）→“need retraining policies”（需培训政策），因果关系通过动词 “reduce”“cause”“need” 串联 。 细节匹配：“cause unemployment” 直接解释政策必要性，与选项 B “Automation may lead to job loss” 同义，其中 “lead to” 是 “cause” 的高频替换词 。 能力3 主题词汇聚焦能力：锁定核心词把握主旨 高频名词锁定主题（2025 东城一模 D 篇） 原文脉络：首段提出 “Beijing’s push for carbon neutrality”→中段举例 “replacing coal with natural gas”“expanding electric buses”→尾段强调 “public participation in low-carbon lifestyles”。 题干：What is the main idea of the text? 选项：A. Beijing’s electric buses are popular among residents B. Coal-fired power causes serious pollution C. Beijing advances carbon neutrality through multiple measures D. Low-carbon lifestyles are difficult to adopt 解析： 主题词提取：高频出现的 “carbon neutrality”（碳中和）“low-carbon”（低碳）“measures”（措施）构成核心主题框架 。 干扰排除：A、B 仅涉及中段单一细节（电动公交、煤炭污染），D 与原文 “public participation” 矛盾；选项 C 包含核心主题词 “carbon neutrality” 及支撑逻辑 “multiple measures”，符合主旨要求。 核心动词体现主线（2024 海淀二模 B 篇） 原文脉络：Hutong renovation aims to preserve traditional culture—not just restore buildings, but also protect local residents’ lifestyles. Community workshops promote folk arts, while digital displays share hutong stories with tourists. 题干：What is the key goal of hutong renovation? 选项：A. To attract more tourists. B. To preserve traditional culture. C. To build modern buildings. D. To increase property values. 解析： 动词线索：“preserve”“protect”“promote”“share” 均围绕 “传承文化” 展开，其中 “preserve”（保护、传承）反复出现，是主题核心动词 。 选项验证：B 直接包含核心动词 “preserve” 及主题词 “traditional culture”，其余选项均偏离动词群指向的主线。 能力4 同义替换匹配能力：精准识别细节对应 1.动词替换（2024 北京高考 B 篇） 原文：The program helps students develop critical thinking skills by analyzing real-world problems.​ 题干：What does the program help students do? 选项：A. Enhance critical thinking skills B. Solve complex math problems C. Learn about world history D. Improve communication skills 解析： 替换识别：题干 “help students do” 对应原文 “helps students develop”，其中 “Enhance” 是 “develop” 的高频同义替换词 。 细节匹配：“critical thinking skills” 原词复现，选项 A 完全对应，其余选项均无原文依据。​ 2.形容词替换（2025 朝阳一模 C 篇） 原文：The new technology is effective in reducing energy use by 30%. 题干：What is the advantage of the new technology? 选项：A. It is affordable for small businesses B. It is efficient in saving energy C. It is easy to install D. It is popular among users 解析： 替换识别：题干 “advantage” 对应原文 “effective”（有效的），选项中 “efficient”（高效的）是其常见同义替换 。 数据验证：“saving energy” 对应 “reducing energy use”，30% 的数据支撑 “efficient” 的表述，选项 B 精准匹配。 北京卷词汇考查核心规律总结 1.同义替换高频词：动词（develop→enhance，cause→lead to）、形容词（effective→efficient，important→crucial）是命题重点 ，需优先积累。 2.猜词逻辑偏好：转折（however）、因果（so/because）、举例（for example）是主要线索，词根词缀（de - 表否定，-ize 表使动）辅助性强 。 3.主题词特征：环保（carbon neutrality、biodiversity）、文化（heritage、preserve）、科技（automation、algorithm）是高频主题域，多以名词形式反复出现 。 4.逻辑词功能：however、therefore、but 等连接词直接决定语义方向，是推理题与主旨题的 “解题钥匙”。 1. Digital Bridges: Revitalizing Beijing's Intangible Cultural Heritage Beijing's Eight Imperial Handicrafts, including cloisonné and paper-cutting, have long been symbols of the city's cultural identity. However, these age-old crafts faced fading popularity as younger generations turned to modern hobbies. To address this, the Beijing Arts and Crafts Museum (BACM) launched a cross-year exhibition in 2024, blending traditional craftsmanship with digital innovation. The exhibition features interactive displays: visitors can use VR headsets to watch master artisans carve jade, or try digital paper-cutting on tablets—creating patterns of zodiac animals that can be shared online with #BeijingCraftMagic. "We're not just showing relics," says curator Zhou Luyu. "We're letting people carry on the spirit of these crafts in their own way." Beyond the museum, social media has become a key platform for heritage transmission. Mr. Wang, an inheritor of "Dough Figurine Lang" craftsmanship, posts short videos of his creation process. His clips, which show colorful dough turning into Peking Opera characters in minutes, have gained 2 million followers. "When teenagers comment that they want to learn, I know the tradition won't die," he says. International collaboration adds another layer. The ChinaVine project, a joint effort between Chinese and American scholars, has documented Beijing's rural folk arts on an open-resource website. With English translations and documentaries, it allows global audiences to understand the stories behind these crafts. "Cultural exchange isn't one-way," notes researcher Kristin Congdon. "It's about building connections through shared appreciation." From museum exhibits to online communities, technology is proving to be a powerful tool—not just to save these traditions, but to give them new life for future generations. 考向 1：词义猜测类 1.What does the underlined phrase "carry on" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Give up B. Pass down C. Show off D. Look for 【答案】 B 【解析】 语境线索：前文提及展览通过数字技术让观众体验传统工艺，后文王师傅案例补充 “传承工艺精神” 的具体实践，形成逻辑呼应。 同义替换：“carry on” 在此处与文本末段 “save these traditions” 及核心主题词 “inherit” 构成语义关联，对应选项 B “pass down”（传承）。 干扰项排除：A “放弃” 与展览初衷相悖；C “炫耀” 无情感依据；D “寻找” 不符合 “延续工艺精神” 的语境。 考向 2：细节理解类 2.According to the text, how does digital technology help preserve paper-cutting? A. It replaces traditional scissors with digital tools for all artisans. B. It allows visitors to create and share digital paper-cut works. C. It posts old paper-cut relics on the museum's website. D. It teaches teenagers to make paper-cutting in schools. 【答案】 B 【解析】 定位技巧：根据题干关键词 “digital technology”“paper-cutting” 锁定第二段首句 “interactive displays” 后的具体案例。 细节匹配：原文明确提到 “try digital paper-cutting on tablets—creating patterns... shared online”，与选项 B 完全对应，体现 “digital tools” 对非遗传播的作用。 陷阱规避：A 中 “replace” 表述绝对（原文是 “blending” 而非替代）；C “old relics” 未提及数字创作功能；D “in schools” 属于无中生有，原文仅提到社交媒体吸引青少年兴趣。 考向 3：主旨大意类 3.What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing's Eight Imperial Handicrafts are losing popularity among youth. B. Digital technology promotes the innovation of Beijing's cultural heritage. C. The ChinaVine project helps foreigners learn about Chinese crafts. D. Social media is the best way to spread traditional craftsmanship. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨提炼：文章首段提出 “数字创新激活非遗” 的核心，中段通过博物馆展览、短视频传播、国际合作三个案例支撑，末段总结 “技术赋予传统新生”。 主题词锁定：高频词 “digital innovation”“cultural exchange”“tradition”“new life” 共同指向选项 B 的核心逻辑。 干扰项排除：A 仅对应首段问题背景，属于细节；C 局限于国际合作单一案例；D 中 “best way” 绝对化，原文未比较传播方式的优劣。 聚焦传统节日、非遗工艺等传统文化的细节及其意义，考查主题词汇的细节匹配。 2. （2024北京市海淀区一模） At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 24. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 25. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 考向 4：推理判断类 26. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”.( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是“陈旧”、“薏米”、“温暖”)”可知， 作者认为自己的名字“Chen Yi wen”是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)”可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可知，作者最初学习书法是为了 “接触文化遗产（get back in touch with my heritage）”，但过程中逐渐意识到 “what I was really seeking was a return to myself（我真正寻求的是回归自我）”，最终感悟到 “the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully（书法带来的乐趣让我更全面地了解自己）”。老师最后评价她的字 “this word is yours（这个字是你的）”，暗指 “字如其人”，作者通过书法探索自我、发现内在的价值与美好。故选B。 考点二 科技发展类词汇 1. （2024年新课标I卷·阅读理解28-29-30-31，10分） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 29．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 命题解读 新情境：本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。在阅读情境中考查对于科技词汇的理解和使用。 新考法：命题情境中，给出了推理判读题，学会把握隐含信息。 新角度：考查学生在具体文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查科技词汇。 【答案】28．D 29．A 30．A 31．C 【解析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 根据“言外之意”解决推理判断题。 1.从however，in fact等不同的连接词中体会作者着重要讲的是什么，体会言外之意。 2. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However…本题中however之前是说有教育作用，话锋一转，然而…那就是说作者并不觉得数字资源、音频和视频作用多大。换个说法就是并没有那么重要，暗示觉得教育的作用是不是万能的，反而是纸质书仍然有价值，仍然不可替代。 2．（2024•海淀高三高三下学期一模·阅读理解C，28-29-30， 1.5分） Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia (失语症) to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music. A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures (癫痫发作), using electrodes (电极) on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize (合成) music. To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI)model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song. Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences — tempo, stress, accents, and intonation — known as prosody (韵律). These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia. Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words. Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands — or brains — of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces. 28. What can we learn from the study? A. Electrodes can analyze musical elements. B. The decoding of brain data helps recreate music. C. Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity. D. The AI model monitors music-responsive brain regions. 29. What hopefully makes it possible to expand the model to speech? A. The prosody of speech. B. The collection of brain waves. C. The emotional weight of music. D. The reconstruction of information. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Unlocking the Secrets of Melodic Mind B. Brain Symphony: Synthesized Human Speech C. BCI Brings Hope to People with Aphasia D. Remarkable Journey: Decoding Brain with AI 命题解读 新情境：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。 新考法：命题情境中，有推断标题的题，由此考查学生的主旨大意的掌握。 新角度：考查学生在实际阅读理解文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查阅读词汇。 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI) model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery.(为了将大脑活动数据转化为音乐声音，研究人员训练了一个人工智能模型来解码从数千个电极捕获的数据，这些电极是在参与者接受手术时听歌曲时连接到他们身上的)”可知，解码大脑数据有助于重新创造音乐。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody. These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages.(尽管研究结果主要集中在音乐上，但研究人员希望他们的结果在将脑电波转换为人类语言方面最有用。该研究的主要作者Ludovic Bellier解释说，无论语言是什么，语音都有小的旋律差异——节奏、重音、口音和语调——被称为韵律。这些元素所承载的意义是我们无法仅用语言交流的。他希望这个模型能够改善脑机接口，这是一种辅助设备，可以记录与语音相关的脑电波，并使用算法来重建预期的信息)”可知，是语音的韵律使得将模型扩展到语音成为可能。故选A。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music.(研究人员希望大脑植入物有一天能帮助失语症患者恢复声音，甚至可能唱歌。现在，科学家们第一次证明，大脑的电活动可以被解码并用于重建音乐)”可知，文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。由此可知，C选项“脑机接口为失语症患者带来希望”能够很好地概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 科技词汇考查 知识 1 科技核心术语 基础词汇：technology（/tekˈnɒlədʒi/，技术）、innovation（/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/，创新）、artificial intelligence（人工智能）、data（/ˈdeɪtə/，数据）、internet（/ˈɪntənet/，互联网）、algorithm（/ˈælɡərɪðəm/，算法） 常用搭配：technological innovation（技术创新）、big data（大数据）、AI-powered devices（人工智能驱动的设备）、internet of things（物联网）、digital technology（数字技术） 场景例句：Big data has become an important tool in modern scientific research.（大数据已成为现代科学研究的重要工具。） 知识 2 科技影响与动作 基础词汇：transform（/trænsˈfɔːm/，变革）、revolutionize（/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/，彻底改变）、accelerate（/əkˈseləreɪt/，加速）、analyze（/ˈænəlaɪz/，分析）、innovate（/ˈɪnəveɪt/，创新）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，促进） 常用搭配：transform people's lives（变革人们的生活）、accelerate development（加速发展）、analyze data（分析数据）、innovate technology（创新技术） 场景例句：AI has revolutionized the way we work and communicate.（人工智能彻底改变了我们工作和沟通的方式。） 知识 3 科技特征描述 基础词汇：advanced（/ədˈvɑːnst/，先进的）、efficient（/ɪˈfɪʃnt/，高效的）、smart（/smɑːt/，智能的）、digital（/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/，数字的）、high-speed（/haɪ spiːd/，高速的）、automatic（/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/，自动的） 常用搭配：advanced technology（先进技术）、efficient processing（高效处理）、smart devices（智能设备）、digital transformation（数字化转型） 场景例句：Automatic driving technology is becoming more and more mature.（自动驾驶技术正变得越来越成熟。） 术语拼写错误：如 “algorithm” 易误写为 “algorism”、“innovation” 易漏写中间的 “v”。 语义逻辑混淆：如 “transform”（强调 “彻底变革”）与 “change”（强调 “普通变化”），“accelerate”（强调 “加速”）与 “promote”（强调 “促进”），需结合科技发展的程度判断。 熟词生义误解：如 “power” 在科技语境中可作动词，意为 “驱动”（如 AI-powered， 为复合形容词，powered 为过去分词，意为‘由人工智能驱动的’）；“access” 在科技语境中意为 “获取、使用”（如 “access online resources”）。 结合北京高考英语的命题特点，以下是对科技文词汇的考查点的预测，含命题方向、示例及解析： 1． Smart Robots Reshape China's Warehousing Industry In the sprawling warehouses of Beijing's Daxing District, a new generation of autonomous robots is redefining logistics efficiency. Developed by local tech firm Keenon Robotics, the K-Ware 500 series combines advanced sensors and AI to handle goods with unprecedented precision—marking a transformative shift in how e-commerce giants manage inventory. The K-Ware 500's core strengths lie in its smart design and operational efficiency. Equipped with 3D cameras and real-time tracking, the robots can navigate narrow aisles without human guidance, sorting up to 1,200 packages per hour—three times faster than manual workers. "Our high-speed sorting system cuts order processing time by 60%," explains Keenon's engineer Li Wei. "During peak shopping seasons like Double 11, this efficiency means customers get their packages in 12 hours instead of 3 days." Behind this performance is a proprietary algorithm that acts as the robot's "brain." This mathematical model analyzes real-time data on inventory locations, order urgency, and robot battery levels to optimize routes—ensuring no time is wasted on unnecessary movements. What sets the system apart is its adaptability: if a shelf is moved or a new package arrives, the algorithm recalculates paths in milliseconds, avoiding delays. Yet the technology also raises concerns. Warehouse managers note that while robots reduce labor costs, they require significant upfront investment and technical maintenance. "We had to retrain 80% of our staff to monitor the robots," says Zhang Hua, operations director at a Beijing logistics center. "It's not just about replacing workers—it's about redefining their roles." Despite these challenges, the long-term benefits are clear. Keenon's data shows that clients using K-Ware 500 have seen a 45% drop in shipping errors and a 30% reduction in energy use. As Li Wei puts it: "Smart logistics isn't just about speed—it's about building a more reliable, sustainable supply chain." 考向 1：细节理解类 1.Which of the following is a key feature of the K-Ware 500 robots? A. They can replace all manual workers in warehouses. B. They sort packages three times faster than humans. C. They require 24-hour human guidance to navigate. D. They reduce energy use by 60% in peak seasons. 答案：B 解析： 定位关键：根据题干 “key feature” 锁定第二段核心描述，聚焦 “efficient”“high-speed” 等特征词。 细节匹配：原文明确提到 “sorting up to 1,200 packages per hour—three times faster than manual workers”，与选项 B 完全对应，直接体现 “high-speed” 的优势特征。 干扰排除：A 中 “all” 表述绝对（原文提到 “redefining roles” 而非完全替代）；C 与 “navigate narrow aisles without human guidance” 矛盾；D 混淆数据（60% 是订单处理时间降幅，30% 才是能耗降幅）。 考向 2：推理判断类 2.What is the author's attitude towards smart warehousing robots? A. Fully critical of their high costs. B. Doubtful about their practical value. C. Objective with a positive tilt. D. Unconcerned about labor changes. 答案：C 解析： 态度线索：关注文中情感词与逻辑转折 —— 用 “transformative shift”“unprecedented precision” 等积极词汇肯定技术价值，同时通过 “raise concerns”“significant upfront investment” 客观提及挑战。 推理依据：末段以 “despite these challenges” 转折，强调 “45% drop in shipping errors”“30% reduction in energy use” 等具体益处，体现 “客观中偏向积极” 的立场。 选项排除：A “完全批判”、B “怀疑价值” 与核心肯定态度相悖；D “不关心劳动力变化” 忽视了对 “redefining their roles” 的论述。 考向 3：词义猜测类 3.What does the underlined word "algorithm" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. A type of 3D camera used for tracking goods. B. A mathematical model that optimizes robot routes. C. A battery system that supports long working hours. D. A sensor that detects obstacles in warehouses. 答案：B 解析： 语境提示：后文 “this mathematical model analyzes real-time data... to optimize routes” 是对 “algorithm” 的直接解释，其中 “this” 明确指代前文术语，形成 “术语 + 解释” 的逻辑链。 词义验证：结合 “acts as the robot's 'brain'” 的比喻，可推断该词指机器人的核心运算模型，与选项 B 的 “mathematical model that optimizes routes” 完全匹配。 干扰排除：A、C、D 均指向机器人的硬件设备（相机、电池、传感器），而 “algorithm” 属于软件运算逻辑，可直接排除。 纯生词考查更要根据上下文来猜测单词的意义，从而获取信息，解决问题。 考点三 社会热点类词汇 1. （2025年 北京卷·阅读理解23，2分） Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics 23．What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A．Build urban communities. B．Serve as guides on a farm. C．Learn about healthy living. D．Volunteer in a science lab. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Programming Tracks”部分 “Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles(健康生活：让你在营养和心理健康等方面做出健康的决定，并引领健康的生活方式)” 可知，青少年在Programming Tracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。故选C。 命题解读 新情境：收集了“青少年互动夏令营”相关信息的应用文为命题情境，考查阅读词汇和理解。 新考法：本题考查健康生活，关键词的替换非常重要。如文中是empower you to make healthy decisions, 对应选项中的learn about healthy living。 新角度：运用阅读词汇获取信息后再转换成自己熟悉的表达方法，而不是直接孤立考查阅读词汇。 2．（模拟，2分） Online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, especially after the pandemic. It allows students to learn at their own pace and access high-quality resources from around the world. However, some students struggle with self-discipline and lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers. Q: What is the challenge of online education mentioned in the passage? A. Limited resources. B. Lack of self-control. C. High cost. D. Complex technology. 【答案】B 【解析】考查社会热点类词汇的细节捕捉。核心词汇 “struggle with self-discipline”（难以自律）与选项 B “Lack of self-control”（缺乏自控力）同义，“self-discipline” 与 “self-control” 为同义替换。选项 A（资源有限）与原文 “access high-quality resources” 矛盾，C（高成本）、D（复杂技术）未提及，可排除。 3.（2025年新高考I卷阅读理解28，2.5分） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 根据“前因后果”细细推敲，做出正确判断。 1. 从“didn’t have hope for it”到“she was flooded”再到“success”可以看到完全出乎她的意料。 2. 细节上的仔细推敲让判断更加准确。 社会热点类词汇 社会现象术语 基础词汇：phenomenon（/fəˈnɒmɪnən/，现象）、trend（/trend/，趋势）、issue（/ˈɪʃuː/，议题）、community（/kəˈmjuːnəti/，社区）、society（/səˈsaɪəti/，社会）、volunteering（/ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪŋ/，志愿服务） 常用搭配：social phenomenon（社会现象）、popular trend（流行趋势）、public issue（公共议题）、community service（社区服务）、online shop（在线商店）、orders（订单）、industry explosion（工业爆炸） 场景例句：Online shopping has become a common social phenomenon in modern society.（网购已成为现代社会常见的社会现象。） 观点与态度表达 基础词汇：advocate（/ˈædvəkeɪt/，倡导）、support（/səˈpɔːt/，支持）、oppose（/əˈpəʊz/，反对）、controversial（/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/，有争议的）、positive（/ˈpɒzətɪv/，积极的）、negative（/ˈneɡətɪv/，消极的） 常用搭配：advocate environmental protection（倡导环保）、controversial policy（有争议的政策）、positive attitude（积极态度） 场景例句：Many experts advocate reducing plastic use to protect the environment.（许多专家倡导减少塑料使用以保护环境。） 行为与影响描述 基础词汇：dedicate（/ˈdedɪkeɪt/，奉献）、contribute（/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/，贡献）、strengthen（/ˈstreŋθn/，加强）、enrich（/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/，丰富）、influence（/ˈɪnfluəns/，影响）、solve（/sɒlv/，解决） 常用搭配：dedicate to public service（致力于公共服务）、contribute to social progress（为社会进步做贡献）、strengthen social bonds（加强社会纽带） 场景例句：Volunteering can enrich people's life and strengthen community ties.（志愿服务能丰富人们的生活，加强社区联系。） 名词复数错误：如 “phenomenon” 的复数为 “phenomena”（易误写为 “phenomenons”）、“issue” 作 “议题” 讲时为可数名词（复数 “issues”）。如：Online shopping and plant cultivation are common social phenomena（网上购物和植物栽培是常见的社会现象）. 态度词汇混淆：如 “controversial”（强调 “有争议的”，无明确褒贬）与 “negative”（强调 “消极的”，表贬义），“positive” 与 “optimistic” 的区别（前者指 “积极的”，后者指 “乐观的”）。 固定搭配误解：如 “be dedicated to doing”（致力于做某事），易误写为 “be dedicated to do”；“contribute to” 中 “to” 为介词，后接名词或动名词（如 “contribute to reducing pollution”）。 "Neighbor for Neighbor": Beijing's New Model for Elderly Care With over 2.4 million residents aged 60 and above in central Beijing, traditional nursing homes can no longer meet the growing demand for elderly care. In response, the "Neighbor for Neighbor" program—launched in Chaoyang and Haidian districts in early 2025—has emerged as a popular community-based solution, connecting young volunteers with elderly residents who need daily support. The program operates on a simple principle: volunteers (mostly college students and working adults) provide 10 hours of service monthly—such as grocery shopping, tech help, or companionship—in exchange for "care credits." These credits can be saved for their own future care or transferred to family members. "It’s a win-win," says Zhang Min, a program coordinator. "Elderly residents avoid loneliness, and volunteers gain a sense of purpose." Yet the initiative struggles with several challenges. Many volunteers report feeling unprepared to handle medical emergencies, like sudden dizziness or falls. "I once panicked when an elderly aunt fainted," recalls Li Tao, a 22-year-old volunteer. "I didn’t know if I should move her or call for help." Funding shortages also limit training resources; the program currently relies on small government grants and community donations. Critics argue the credit system risks turning altruistic acts into transactional exchanges. "Volunteering should come from genuine care, not the desire to earn credits," says sociologist Professor Liu. But supporters counter that the system makes long-term participation sustainable. "Most volunteers start for credits but stay because they bond with the elders," Zhang Min explains. "Last month, 120 volunteers extended their service even after earning enough credits." Despite these debates, the program’s benefits are tangible. A 2025 survey by Beijing Social Work Research Center found 83% of participating elders felt "more secure" at home, and 76% of volunteers reported improved communication skills. "It’s not a perfect solution," admits Wang Hong, head of Beijing’s Civil Affairs Bureau. "But it shows how communities can fill gaps in public services—with heart and creativity." 考向 1：细节理解类​ 1.What is a key challenge the "Neighbor for Neighbor" program faces? A. Few elderly residents are willing to join the program. B. Volunteers lack preparation for medical emergencies. C. The credit system has been rejected by most volunteers. D. Government grants cover all training and operational costs. 【答案】B 【解析】定位线索：根据题干 “challenge” 锁定第三段，聚焦核心词汇 “struggles with” 后的具体表述。 细节匹配：原文明确提到 “Many volunteers report feeling unprepared to handle medical emergencies”，与选项 B 完全对应，直接体现项目面临的实操难题。 干扰排除：A 与首段 “growing demand” 及 “83% of participating elders” 的调研数据矛盾；C 与 “120 volunteers extended their service” 不符；D 与 “Funding shortages also limit training resources” 冲突。 考向 2：词义猜测类​ 2. What does the underlined word "altruistic" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Selfless and caring B. Practical and useful C. Formal and serious D. Difficult and tiring 【答案】A 【解析】语境提示：后文通过观点对比提供解释 —— 批评者认为 “志愿服务应源于真诚关怀（genuine care）”，反对将其变为 “交易性交换（transactional exchanges）”，可推断 “altruistic acts” 指与 “交易性” 相对的 “无私行为”。 例证验证：前文志愿者 “提供陪伴、购物帮助” 等行为，及支持者提到的 “志愿者因情感联结延长服务”，均印证该词指向 “无私关怀” 的属性。 干扰排除：B “实用的”、C “正式的”、D “困难的” 均与 “care vs. transaction” 的核心对比逻辑无关。 考向 3：主旨大意类 3. What is the main idea of the text? A. Beijing’s elderly population is growing faster than expected. B. The "Neighbor for Neighbor" program has solved Beijing’s elderly care problem. C. Beijing’s community care program has both positive impacts and challenges. D. Volunteer credits are the most effective way to support elderly residents. 【答案】C 【解析】 主旨提炼：文章首段介绍项目背景与 popularity，第二段阐述 “win-win” benefits，第三段分析 “struggles with” challenges，第四段呈现争议，末段总结 “not perfect but valuable”，形成 “优势 + 挑战” 的核心框架。 主题词锁定：高频词 “benefits”“challenges”“debates”“positive” 共同支撑选项 C 的核心逻辑，符合北京模考 “全面概括 + 辩证视角” 的主旨题特征。 干扰排除：A 仅为背景细节，未涉及项目本身；B “solved” 表述绝对，与 “not a perfect solution” 矛盾；D “most effective” 无依据，原文未比较养老方式的优劣。 考点四 生态环保类词汇 1. （2025年 新高考全国I卷·阅读理解34，2.5分） Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 命题解读 新情境：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。 新考法：通过阅读词汇获取和梳理信息，并进行推理判断。 新角度：运用阅读词汇increasingly difficult, microplastic exposure获取信息后再结合在一起进行判断。 2．（2025年全国新高考II卷，阅读理解33，2.5分） Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 33．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste. C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 根据“关键词”查找。 1.“raise awareness regarding food waste”提高公众对于食物浪费的意识。 2. 与B选项相符。 生态环保类词汇社会现象术语 环保核心术语 基础词汇：environment（/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/，环境）、pollution（/pəˈluːʃn/，污染）、ecosystem（/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/，生态系统）、biodiversity（/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/，生物多样性）、sustainable（/səˈsteɪnəbl/，可持续的）、carbon（/ˈkɑːbən/，碳） 常用搭配：environmental protection（环境保护）、carbon emissions（碳排放）、biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护）、sustainable development（可持续发展）、renewable energy（可再生能源） 场景例句：Protecting biodiversity is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems.（保护生物多样性对维持生态系统平衡至关重要。） 环保动作与措施 基础词汇：preserve（/prɪˈzɜːv/，保护）、conserve（/kənˈsɜːv/，节约）、reduce（/rɪˈdjuːs/，减少）、prevent（/prɪˈvent/，预防）、promote（/prəˈməʊt/，推广）、ban（/bæn/，禁止） 常用搭配：reduce pollution（减少污染）、conserve natural resources（节约自然资源）、promote renewable energy（推广可再生能源）、ban plastic bags（禁止塑料袋） 场景例句：We should reduce the use of disposable products to protect the environment.（我们应减少一次性产品的使用以保护环境。） 环境问题与影响 基础词汇：pollute（/pəˈluːt/，污染）、destroy（/dɪˈstrɔɪ/，破坏）、damage（/ˈdæmɪdʒ/，损害）、extinct（/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/，灭绝的）、disrupt（/dɪsˈrʌpt/，破坏）、deforestation（/ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/，森林砍伐） 常用搭配：environmental damage（环境损害）、endangered species（濒危物种）、disrupt the ecosystem（破坏生态系统）、air pollution（空气污染） 场景例句：Deforestation has led to the loss of many animal habitats.（森林砍伐导致许多动物栖息地丧失。） 形近词混淆：如 “preserve”（保护）与 “reserve”（预留）、“conserve”（节约）与 “deserve”（值得），需结合环保语境区分动作含义。 术语搭配错误：如 “renewable energy”（可再生能源）不可写为 “renewed energy”；“carbon neutrality”（碳中和）易误写为 “carbon neutral”。 语义程度混淆：如 “destroy”（强调 “彻底破坏”）与 “damage”（强调 “部分损害，可修复”）、“extinct”（强调 “已灭绝”）与 “endangered”（强调 “濒危”），需根据语境判断程度。 Beijing's Dual Drive: Biodiversity and Carbon Neutrality As global climate challenges intensify, Beijing has stepped up efforts to balance ecological protection with sustainable development. Two key initiatives—biodiversity conservation and the push for carbon neutrality—have become central to the city's "Livable Green Capital" strategy, with tangible progress and ongoing challenges. In biodiversity protection, Beijing has implemented targeted measures to reduce habitat loss. The city conducts annual "physical examinations" for over 40,000 ancient trees, setting up individual protection files to monitor their health . Wetland restoration projects in Daxing and Changping districts have expanded habitats for waterfowl, with the number of bird species rising from 501 in 2020 to 519 in 2024 . To promote public participation, community-led "bird-watching workshops" and "native plant planting drives" have engaged over 100,000 residents since 2023. "Protecting local flora and fauna isn't just about saving species—it's about safeguarding our own living environment," says Lin Hua, director of Beijing's Ecology and Environment Bureau. Parallel to this, Beijing is advancing its carbon neutrality goals, aiming to reach peak emissions before 2030 . The city has replaced coal-fired boilers with natural gas systems, cutting industrial pollution by 35% in three years. Public transport upgrades, including 200 new electric buses and expanded subway lines, have reduced private car usage during rush hour by 18%. "Every small step counts," notes environmental researcher Dr. Wang. "Switching to energy-saving bulbs or taking the subway—these individual actions add up to big changes." Yet challenges remain. Funding gaps have delayed the expansion of wildlife corridors, and some businesses resist green upgrades due to high costs. Dr. Wang emphasizes that success requires collaboration: "Government policies set the framework, but businesses must invest in clean technology, and individuals need to adopt sustainable habits. All parties must work together—this is non-negotiable." The link between the two initiatives is clear: protecting biodiversity enhances ecosystems' ability to absorb carbon, while low-carbon development reduces stress on natural habitats. A 2025 municipal report shows that restored wetlands now sequester 12% more carbon than in 2020, and urban green spaces have lowered local temperatures by 1.2°C. "These efforts aren't isolated," Lin Hua concludes. "They're part of a single mission—to build a city where humans and nature thrive together. That's the essential goal of our green transition." 考向 1：细节理解类 1. What is one measure Beijing has taken to protect biodiversity? A. It has built 200 new electric bus routes across the city. B. It conducts annual "physical examinations" for ancient trees. C. It has reduced private car usage by 35% during rush hour. D. It has invested in coal-fired boiler upgrades for industries. 【答案】B 【解析】 定位线索：根据题干 “protect biodiversity” 锁定第二段核心措施，聚焦 “reduce”“promote” 等动作词汇引导的具体实践。 细节匹配：原文明确提到 “conducts annual 'physical examinations' for over 40,000 ancient trees”，与选项 B 精准对应，属于生物多样性保护的针对性举措（参考2025门头沟一模“环保措施列举”题型特征）。 干扰排除：A、C、D 均属于 “carbon neutrality” 相关措施（如新能源交通、污染治理），与 “biodiversity” 主题无关，属于 “信息错位” 陷阱；C 中 “35%” 数据偷换（原文工业污染降幅为 35%），符合北京卷细节题 “数据干扰” 常见设计 。 考向 2：推理判断类 2. What does the author imply through Dr. Wang's statement? A. Individual actions have no real impact on carbon neutrality. B. Only government policies can drive environmental progress. C. Collaborative effort is crucial for green development. D. Businesses should take full responsibility for pollution reduction. 【答案】C 【解析】 推理依据：聚焦第三段 “must work together” 及第四段 “collaboration”“all parties” 等核心表达，结合北京卷推理题 “依托逻辑词推断隐含意义” 的特点 。Dr. Wang 明确强调政府、企业、个人的协同作用，隐含 “合作是关键” 的核心观点。 态度验证：末段 “essential goal” 进一步强化 “多方协作对绿色转型不可或缺” 的逻辑，与选项 C 形成呼应。 干扰排除：A 与 “every small step counts”“individual actions add up” 直接矛盾；B 忽视 “businesses”“individuals” 的作用，属于 “绝对化表述” 陷阱；D “full responsibility” 超出原文 “all parties work together” 的平等协作逻辑。 考向 3：词义猜测类 3. What does the underlined word "biodiversity" in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. The protection of ancient trees and wetland habitats B. The variety of plant and animal species in a region C. The process of reducing carbon emissions and pollution D. The collaboration between government and communities 【答案】B 【解析】 语境提示：前文第二段通过 “bird species”“native plant”“flora and fauna” 等具体表述解释该术语的核心指向 —— 物种多样性；后文 “enhances ecosystems' ability to absorb carbon” 进一步说明其与生态系统的关联（符合北京卷 “术语 + 举例 / 解释” 的猜词题设计 ）。 术语验证：结合真实背景 “北京获评‘生物多样性魅力城市’” ，可确认 “biodiversity” 指 “生物多样性”，即区域内动植物物种的丰富度。 干扰排除：A 仅为保护措施的具体案例，而非术语定义；C 属于 “碳中和” 相关概念，与术语无关；D 是实现环保目标的方式，并非 “biodiversity” 的含义。 考点五 校园生活类词汇 1. （2025年 北京卷·阅读理解24-25-26-27，8分） Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. 24．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 25．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 26．Which would best describe the author’s first group interview? A．Dignifying. B．Rewarding. C．Engaging. D．Relaxing. 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．Everyone is the maker of their own success. B．Success favours those with a golden heart. C．Success knocks at your door only once. D．A college holds the key to success. 【答案】24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyone is the maker of their own success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合题意。故选A。 命题解读 新情境：本文是夹叙夹议文。介绍了高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思。 新考法：通过阅读词汇获取和梳理信息，并进行细节查找和推理判断。 新角度：运用阅读词汇essay, success, course registration, schedule, academic, grade, group interview获取信息后再结合在一起进行判断。 2．（2024年 北京卷，阅读理解21-22-23，6分） The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 21．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 23．What do students need to do during the registration? A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework. C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项的相关信息。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题)”可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。 根据“学术关键词”查找。 1.“language skills，requirement，pair meeting, registration, sign up, indicate their language, ”这些学术关键词帮助准确理解文章，从而获取细节信息，而解决相应的问题。 2. 要注意学术词汇的对应变化，如register，registration”, “require, requirement”, “interested, interest”等。 校园生活类词汇 学业相关术语 基础词汇：academic（/ˌækəˈdemɪk/，学业的）、pressure（/ˈpreʃə/，压力）、assignment（/əˈsaɪnmənt/，作业）、exam（/ɪɡˈzæm/，考试）、course（/kɔːs/，课程）、degree（/dɪˈɡriː/，学位） 常用搭配：academic pressure（学业压力）、course work（课程作业）、final exam（期末考试）、time management（时间管理） 场景例句：Good time management is key to coping with academic pressure.（良好的时间管理是应对学业压力的关键。） 校园活动与互动 基础词汇：participate（/pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/，参与）、discuss（/dɪˈskʌs/，讨论）、cooperate（/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/，合作）、exchange（/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/，交流）、present（/prɪˈzent/，展示）、organize（/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/，组织） 常用搭配：participate in activities（参与活动）、group discussion（小组讨论）、cooperate with classmates（与同学合作）、exchange ideas（交流想法） 场景例句：Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities to enrich their campus life.（鼓励学生参加课外活动以丰富校园生活。） 情感与态度描述 基础词汇：motivate（/ˈməʊtɪveɪt/，激励）、encourage（/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/，鼓励）、stressful（/ˈstresfl/，有压力的）、confident（/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/，自信的）、enthusiastic（/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/，热情的）、diligent（/ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/，勤奋的） 常用搭配：motivate students（激励学生）、stressful study life（有压力的学习生活）、be enthusiastic about learning（对学习热情） 场景例句：Teachers' encouragement can make students more confident in their studies.（教师的鼓励能让学生在学习中更自信。） 固定搭配错误：如 “participate in”（参与）不可写为 “participate sth.”；“cope with”（应对）易误写为 “cope sth.”；“exchange ideas with sb.”（与某人交流想法）不可漏写 “with”。 形容词副词混淆：如 “stressful”（形容词，“有压力的”，修饰事物）与 “stressed”（形容词，“感到压力的”，修饰人）；“confident”（形容词）与 “confidently”（副词），需根据语法成分判断。 语义场景混淆：如 “assignment”（侧重 “教师布置的作业”）与 “homework”（侧重 “家庭作业”）、“course”（侧重 “某一门课程”）与 “lesson”（侧重 “一节课的内容”），需结合校园场景区分。 （2025全国新高考I卷，阅读理解24-25-26-27，10分） In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 考向 1：细节理解类 24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents. C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters. 25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary. C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic. 【答案】D， D 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 考向 2：词义猜测类 针对 “extracurricular”“academic”“teamwork” 等校园专属词汇，通过上下文的举例（如 “activities outside class”“study pressure”）推断含义。 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 【答案】B 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 考向 3：主旨大意类 围绕校园学习、成长等主题，通过 “important”“benefit”“help” 等词汇概括文章核心观点或目的。 27．What does the author’s experience show? A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep. C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】27．A 【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司30 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $