板块二 第一讲 动词的时态、语态与主谓一致-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（译林版）

第一讲　动词的时态、语态与主谓一致 考点一　动词的时态 一、 3类热考时态 1.一般现在时（主语＋am/is/are或do/does） （1）表示现在经常性、习惯性、反复出现的动作或状态。 Sue talks every night in her dream.It somewhat bothers us. 休每天晚上都说梦话，这有点困扰我们。 （2）表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象（在过去的语境中也用一般现在时）。 The teacher told us the Earth moves around the Sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 （3）按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，只限于go、 arrive、 leave、 start、 return、 begin、 come、 take off 等动词（短语）。 The flight takes off at 8：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 这个航班每周三和周五8：30 起飞。 （4）用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 When I grow up， I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2.一般过去时（主语＋was/were或did） （1）表示过去某一时间发生的动作、所处的状态或过去一段时间内习惯性的动作或状态。 I had one trip last year when I was caught in a hurricane in America. 去年一次出行时，我在美国赶上了飓风。 （2）如从句中有过去的时间状语，虽然从句动作先于主句的动作发生，从句仍用一般过去时。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 他告诉我他昨晚读了一本有趣的小说。 3.现在完成时（have/has＋过去分词） （1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already， yet， ever， never， “in the past/last＋时间段”等连用。 In the last few years， thousands of films have been produced throughout the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数千部电影。 （2）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还会继续下去。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如：for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点/从句。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来就受到了好评。 （3）下列句型用现在完成时： ①This （That/It） is the first/second/... time that ...意为“这是第一/二/……次……”，从句用现在完成时。 ②It has been＋时间段＋since ...意为“自从……以来已经……”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 ③This （That/It） is the best/finest/most interesting ...＋that从句，从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。 This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 It has been three years since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经三年了。 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·1月浙江卷）Over the last two years， some supermarkets 　have started　 （start） selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions （份）. ②（2022·全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 　addressed　 （address） the opening ceremony. ③（2022·1月浙江卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci， for example， roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 　have promised　 （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. ④It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac， but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield， Illinois， 　has proved/proven　 （prove） irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 二、其他6类时态 　单句语法填空 ①（2023·北京卷）Years later， having moved to France， I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner， only to find that no other guest 　had arrived　 （arrive） and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. ②Given growing populations， increasing wealth， and the spreading popularity of natural remedies around the world， the demand for these medicines and remedies 　is rising　 （rise） now. ③By the time you arrive home， I 　will be sleeping　 （sleep） then， so please don’t make any noise. ④Tom had to pack his things up quickly， because he was told that this taxi 　was leaving　 （leave） in 2 minutes. ⑤A gap year is about gaining skills that 　will help　 （help） you in the future. ⑥I 　was standing　 （stand） by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. ⑦If you feel you’re struggling to make ends meet while everyone around you appears to be living in comfort， you 　will feel　 （feel） less joy. 一、时间状语判断法 （2022·全国甲卷）In the last five years， Cao 　　　　 （walk） through 34 countries in six continents， and in 2016， he reached the top of Kilimanjaro， Africa’s highest mountain. 分析：has walked　根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 二、固定句式判断法 （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）　Henry 　　　　　 （fix） his car when he heard the screams. 分析：was fixing　此处是固定句式was/were doing sth when ...，表示“正在做某事，这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车，这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语Henry为第三人称单数，助动词用was。 三、语境综合判断法 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）As a little girl， I 　　　 （wish） to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now， I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 分析：wished　根据As a little girl和when I grew up可知，此处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，时态应用一般过去时。live out that dream意为“实现那个梦想”。 四、时态呼应判断法 （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）He quickly 　　　　　 （throw） his tools aside， and started running， arms out. 分析：threw　设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语，应用一般过去时。 考点二　动词的语态 一、被动语态的构成 　被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become＋过去分词”。各种时态的被动语态形式如下表（以动词give为例）： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am given is given are given am being given is being given are being given has been given have been given 过去时 was given were given was being given were being given had been given 将来时 shall be given will be given 无 shall have been given will have been given 过去 将来时 would be given 无 would have been given 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。 2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 To our relief， a great many measures have been taken to protect the ocean from being polluted. 令我们欣慰的是，（人们）已经采取了许多措施保护海洋不被污染。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1.“系动词feel、 sound、 taste、 look、 smell、 appear、 seem、 turn、 stay、 become、 get、 grow、 keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 2.当sell、 read、 cut、 wash、 write、 open、 wear （磨损）、 run（运转）、 burn等不及物动词后有状语（well/easily等）修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？ 你买了目前卖得很好的这本书了吗？ 3.need、 want、 require、 deserve、 bear等动词的后面常用动词-ing形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这栋房子需要修理。 4.在“主语（人/物）＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice、 easy、 fit、 hard、 difficult、 important、 impossible、 pleasant、 interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难算出来。 5.be to blame是用主动形式表示被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake？ 谁应该为这个错误承担责任呢？ 点津 （1）有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，如have、 cost、 lack、 belong to、 date from/back to、 take part in等。 （2）不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，如happen/take place/occur、 remain、 last、 break out、 come out、 run out等。 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Two years later， a six-meter-tall pavilion， inspired by The Peony Pavilion， 　was built　 （build） at the Firs Garden， just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. ②（2023·全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years， I 　was amazed　 （amaze） by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage （遗产） while constantly growing. ③（2023·全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 　be employed　 （employ） today to draw attention to important truths. ④When the house was built， it was much smaller than it is today.Mary’s niece wrote，“The little home 　was painted　 （paint） white ...” 一、主语动词关系判断法 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The GPNP 　　　　　 （design） to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity （完整性） of natural ecosystems， preserving biological diversity， protecting ecological buffer zones， and leaving behind precious natural assets （资产） for future generations”. 分析：is designed　句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。因此设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 二、动词特点判断法 This listening material， together with its CD-ROMs，　　　 （sell） well. 分析：sells　句意：这个听力材料和它的光盘都很畅销。英语中有很多动词，如sell、 read、 write、 clean、 wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily、 well等副词连用。此处句子的主语是This listening material，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 三、含有情态动词的被动语态 （2024·全国甲卷）What should 　　　　 （do） with such a beautiful place？ 分析：be done　句意：应该对这么美丽的地方做些什么？本句主语What和动词do之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。空前的should是情态动词，其后用动词原形。 考点三　主谓一致 一、主谓一致三原则 二、谓语单复数视情况而定的类型 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·全国甲卷）They 　were　 （be） part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Further， the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　walks　 （walk） visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road， by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. ③（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 　were　 （be） previously unprotected ... ④Going to Mount Huangshan 　reminds　 （remind） me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ⑤Anhui cuisine 　is　 （be） characterised by its heavy use of oil， deeply flavored sauces， and superior soups and stock. ⑥Peking Opera is an art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely 　depends　 （depend） on the actor’s inner strength and acting skills. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic， I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 　　　　 （be） Alaska Airlines Paris. 分析：was　根据前句谓语动词的时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时； “one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 （2022·天津卷）Critical reasoning， together with problem-solving， 　　　　 （prepare） teenagers to make better decisions. 分析：prepares　句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as等连接两个并列的名词或代词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词（短语）决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。 一、模拟选萃 1.（2025·东北三省联考）Some of my friends are Chinese children who 　have been adopted　 （adopt） by Swedish families since they were very young. 2.（2025·泰安一中模拟）Hanfu （Han clothing） is based on the idea of putting on costumes worn in bygone eras by China’s Han ethnic group， which 　has seen　 （see） a resurgence （复苏） in recent years， despite some initial public resistance. 3.（2025·皖南八校联考）The market for bubble tea has a significant fruit flavor category that 　provides　 （provide） consumers with a variety of delicious choices. 4.（2025·河南名校联盟联考）Lu Xun （1881－1936）， known as the “father of modern Chinese literature”， once 　wrote　 （write） that the beauty of Chinese characters is present in three aspects： their meaning enlightens the mind， their sound touches the ear， and their appearance appeals to the eye. 5.（2025·浙江强基联盟联考）Jiang， retired from the Central Conservatory of Music， arranges music that emphasizes the erhu’s emotional range and cultural importance.The program 　includes　 （include） adaptations of classical Chinese music and Western compositions. 二、高考连线 6.（2023·1月浙江卷）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 　featured　 （feature） beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars （柱子）.The hutongs they formed were orderly， lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. 7.（2023·浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty， the center was the Forbidden City， surrounded in concentric （同心的） circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes 　were permitted　 （permit） to live closer to the center of the circles. 8.（2022·北京卷）The use of those plastics 　has increased　 （increase） by 300％ since 2019.The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 9.What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 　was　 （be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 10.Because the number of possible topics 　is　 （be） practically limitless， we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 一、词语推敲 1.时态的交叉使用 （2024·全国甲卷）首先，共享单车彻底改变了城市通勤，它为短途旅行提供了方便和环保的选择。 Firstly， shared bicycles have revolutionized urban commuting， which provide a convenient and environmentally friendly option for short trips. 运用：（2023·全国甲卷）他的学说被编纂成一本名为《论语》的书，这本书已经被研究了几个世纪。 His teachings 　were compiled　 into a book called The Analects， which 　has been studied　 for centuries. 2.利用“主将从现”的规律 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）如果学生们和一个相处不好或沟通有困难的人在一起，他们会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。 Students will feel uncomfortable or less motivated if they are paired with someone they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with. 运用：（北京卷）如果你下周日有空，我会在学校门口等你，我相信我们在一起会玩得很开心。 If you 　are available　 next Sunday， I 　will wait for you　 at the school gate and I’m sure we 　will have a good time　 together. 3.被动语态的适当运用 （2023·上海卷）我希望通过分享我的个人故事，其他人能受到启发，在自己童年的爱好和梦想中找到快乐和成长。 I hope that by sharing my personal story，others will be inspired to find joy and growth in their own childhood hobbies and dreams. 运用：（2022·全国乙卷）很容易看出，选择听英语歌曲和看英文电影的学生的比例分别是65％和50％。 It 　can easily be seen　 that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65％ and 50％. 二、语篇打造 　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意动词的时态和语态的运用。 Announcer Wanted 　　1.　Our school English broadcast station is looking for an announcer　 （我们学校英语广播站正在招聘播音员）who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English.2.　A good knowledge of English culture as well as enthusiasm for the job is also essential　 （良好的英语文化知识和对工作的热情是必不可少的）.3.　The new announcer is expected to read English news and stories　 （新播音员被要求朗读英语新闻和故事） written by students， playing English songs included. 　　Anyone who is interested please go to Room 102 at 9：00 am this Saturday for an interview.4.　People with previous experience and certificates of spoken English contests are preferred　 （有英语口语竞赛经验及证书者优先）. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $