板块二 第二讲 非谓语动词-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词这一高考核心考点，按作状语、定语、补语、宾语、主语和表语的句法功能逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（用法分类与特征解析）、方法指导（词语推敲与疑难突破）、真题训练（近五年高考真题+模拟题选萃）三环节，帮助学生构建非谓语动词的系统认知与解题思路。 资料采用“考点-方法-真题”一体化教学策略，突出思维品质培养，如在非谓语作状语时，对比现在分词（主动关系）与过去分词（被动关系）的逻辑差异，结合2024年新课标真题例句强化理解。设置分层练习（基础单句填空、语篇综合应用），配合即时反馈，助力学生高效突破考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

第二讲　非谓语动词 考点一　非谓语动词作状语 1.动词不定式作状语 （1）作目的状语，有时动词不定式前可加in order 或so as，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来搭载乘客。 （2）作结果状语，常用于only to do、 enough to do、 too ...to do、 so/such ...to do。 We hurried to the station， only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。 （3）作原因状语，用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪的形容词，如anxious， happy， frightened， surprised等后面。 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。 （4）在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、 hard、 interesting、 pleasant等。 The chair looks rather hard， but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。 2.分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。 （1）动词-ing形式作状语，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 More highways have been built in China， making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.　（作结果状语） 中国已经修建了更多的高速公路，这让人们的两地出行变得更容易。 （2）过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Used with care， one tin will last for six weeks.　（作条件状语） 如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。 点津 （1）某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost （迷路的）、 seated （坐着的）、 hidden （隐瞒的）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿着……的）、 tired of （对……感到厌倦的）等。 Fully absorbed in the book， he didn’t notice me enter the room. 完全被这本书所吸引，他没有注意到我进入房间。 （2）独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响，常用的有considering ...（鉴于；考虑到）、 generally speaking （总的来说）、 judging by/from ...（从……来看；依据……来判断）、 supposing that ...（假定……）、 providing that ...（假定……）、 owing to ...（由于……）、 talking/speaking of ...（谈及……）、 given ...（考虑到……）、 provided that ...（如果……）、 to tell the truth （实话实说）、 to be honest （老实说）等。 　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）These sepals open on warm days 　to give　 （give） the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. ②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）　Recalling　 （recall） watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion， Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” ③（2022·全国甲卷）He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20， 　planning　 （plan） to hike back to Xi’an in five months. ④（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）　Covering　 （cover） an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park， the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 考点二　非谓语动词作定语 1.动词不定式作定语 （1）动词不定式to do作定语表示将来的动作；动词不定式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 （2）动词不定式修饰序数词、最高级或no、 all、 any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。 She was the first Chinese female to win the Nobel Prize. 她是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。 （3）被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。该类名词有ability、 chance、 idea、 hope、 wish、 fact、 promise、 attempt、 way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2.分词作定语 （1）及物动词分词形式作定语 ①动词-ing形式表示被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系。 I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过比这更感人的电影。 ②being done表示被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作正在进行。 The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。 ③过去分词表示被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系，且表示动作已经完成或处于某种状态。 “Things lost never come again！” I couldn’t help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！” （2）不及物动词分词形式作定语 动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 　单句语法填空 ①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the 　recognized　 （recognize） home of the soup dumpling， but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. ②（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 　visiting　 （visit） Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas， which are on loan from China. ③（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked （徒步） 40 days to Xi’an， as a first step 　to journey　 （journey） the Belt and Road route （路线） by foot. ④To non-Tibetans， yak butter may taste strange at first as it makes for a very different taste than the sweet butter 　produced　 （produce） by corn-fed cows. ⑤A popular dish is salted meat on a bed of bamboo shoots 　steamed　 （steam） on a wooden board. ⑥Meanwhile， some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells （天井） to help keep new buildings cooler， which is a method 　combining　 （combine） design and technology to cool a building without the use of power. 考点三　非谓语动词作补语 1.动词不定式作补语 （1）有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“动词（短语）＋宾语＋to do”，如advise、 want、 allow、 permit、 persuade、 remind、 invite、 depend on、 call on等。 Father advised me to say something. 父亲建议我说点什么。 （2）常用动词不定式作主语补足语的句型有sb/sth be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done。 He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说他在大街上被骗了。 2.分词作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动和完成，宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.（the traffic与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系） 他们用电脑保持交通畅通。 3.感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 常见的感官动词和短语（see， watch， observe， notice， look at， hear， listen to， feel）后面的宾语补足语有三种非谓语动词形式（do/doing/done）。do 表主动和完成（被动句中还原to），doing表主动或正在进行，done 表被动或完成。 As I got closer， I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. 当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，呼吸沉重。 4.使役动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 宾语补足语 使役动词＋宾语 to do doing done make＋宾语 do × √ keep＋宾语 × √ √ have＋宾语 do/to do（区别：have sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事”；have sth to do意为“有某事要做”，to do作后置定语） √（表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事） √（表示让别人做某事或让某事被做） get＋宾语 √ √ √ leave＋宾语 √ √ √ Claire had her luggage checked an hour before the plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。 5.with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语 with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing （主动、进行）/done（被动、完成）/to do（目的、将来）。 Without anyone noticing me， I stole into the room. 没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。 　单句语法填空 ①With the technique 　improved　 （improve） by generations of craftsmen， today’s eggshell porcelain can be made as thin as paper and gauze （薄纱）. ②She returned home， only to find the door open and a number of things 　gone　 （go）. ③Not seeing or hearing any fire engines 　approaching　 （approach）， Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. 考点四　非谓语动词作宾语 　单句语法填空 ①（2023·全国乙卷）As a photographer， I have spent the last two years 　recording　 （record） everything I discovered. ②After 　spending　 （spend） some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！ ③Komodo National Park， officially recognized in 1980， is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 　to have　 （have） a low impact on the natural environment. ④The film started attracting attention even before 　being released　 （release） thanks to social media discussions about it. ⑤As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city， they may choose 　to stay　 （stay） close to known friends and neighbors for comfort. ⑥The Diagram of Tai Chi， or the black and white， teardrop-shaped diagram of yin and yang， was derived from 　observing　 （observe） shadows which were cast on a sundial （日晷） at midday throughout the year. ⑦We use bicycles today for recreation， fitness and so on.Without the bicycle， much of the world might stop 　working　 （work）. 考点五　非谓语动词作主语和表语 　单句语法填空 ①It is possible 　to walk　 （walk） or bike the entire 14 kilometers. ②It’s no good 　regretting　 （regret） your past mistakes. ③I got caught in the traffic jam and I’m not sure how long it will take 　to arrive　 （arrive） at the airport. ④What worried the child most was his 　not being allowed　 （not， allow） to visit his mother in the hospital. （2023·全国乙卷）　　　　　 （visit） several times over the last 10 years， I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage （遗产） while constantly growing. 分析：Having visited　此处为非谓语动词作状语，I与visit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years和several times可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，因此设空处用现在分词的完成式，置于句首，首字母应大写。 （2023·全国甲卷）For thousands of years， people have told fables （寓言） 　　　　　 （teach） a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 分析：to teach　根据语境“人们通过讲寓言故事传授知识或传递智慧”可知，此处表目的，又根据句中的or可知，设空处与后面的to pass ...并列，因此此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony （阳台）， Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　　 （fall） child. 分析：falling　设空处作定语，表示“正在跌落的孩子”，应用动词-ing形式。 一、模拟选萃 1.（2025·安徽重点高中联盟联考）The works 　produced　 （produce） under the Tongcheng School emphasized clarity and directness in conveying the message of the text， avoiding complex language. 2.（2025·安徽重点高中联盟联考）Its commitment to classical prose influenced numerous scholars and writers， 　shaping　 （shape） the literary standards and critical approaches of periods afterwards. 3.（2025·武汉部分高中联考）When 　experienced　 （experience） tea lovers comment on a cup of tea， they might comment on its qi and yun. 4.（2025·广东模拟）The permanent beauty of Chinese calligraphy art lies in its ability 　to communicate　 （communicate） both visual and emotional depth. 5.（2025·安阳模拟）Zhengding is situated in the northern suburbs of Shijiazhuang， capital of Hebei Province.It has long stood as one of the three most strategically important locations in north China， the other two 　being　 （be） Beijing and Baoding.Its history dates back to the Sixteen Kingdoms. 二、高考连线 6.（2023·全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，　borrowing　 （borrow） some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 　intended　 （intend） for everyone. 7.（2022·1月浙江卷）That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75％， and she plans 　to continue　 （continue） the practice. 8.（2022·全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 　held　 （hold） in Beijing， Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute （致敬） to the ancient Silk Road. 9. （2022·全国乙卷）　To strengthen　 （strengthen） the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media， 　inviting　 （invite） twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 一、词语推敲 1.作主语或介宾用doing，不犯简单错误 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）在公园里创作艺术品是一种让人耳目一新的休息方式。 Creating artwork in the park was a refreshing way to break. 运用：（2022·1月浙江卷）说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费时间来讨论。 　Persuading him into accepting my views was impossible　， so I didn’t want to waste my time discussing them. 2.作状语用分词生动简练 （1）doing作状语，表示句子（逻辑）主语和该动词为主谓（主动）关系。 （2）done作状语，表示句子（逻辑）主语和该动词为动宾（被动）关系，或者表示主语所处的某种状态。 （2023·北京卷）很高兴听说你们正在策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我写信是为了给这次活动提出我的建议。 Delightedly hearing that you are planning a club activity themed “Green Beijing”，I am writing to make my suggestions for the event. 运用：（2024·全国甲卷）首先，共享单车已经成为城市交通的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠、绿色环保的选择。 Firstly， shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility， 　offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips　. （2023·全国甲卷）孔子，又名孔丘，被认为是中国历史上最重要的人物之一，是生活在春秋时期的中国哲学家和政治家。 Considered one of the most important figures in Chinese history，Confucius，also known as Kong Qiu， was a Chinese philosopher and politician who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. 运用：（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）虽然筋疲力尽，但是大卫到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。 　Worn out　， David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him. 3.表目的，动词不定式适当提前 （2022·全国甲卷）而且，为了呼吁更多人来保护海洋，我们还可以发传单。 What’s more， to call on more people to protect the ocean， we can also hand out leaflets. 运用：为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。 　To learn English more efficiently　， you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course. 4.having done比after从句光鲜靓丽 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）在确认了大卫想跑就跑的情况后，我转过身发现他朝我走来，他瘦小的身体随着他的双脚向前摆动而左右摇晃。 Having made sure that David could run if he wanted to，I turned around to find him coming towards me， his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. 运用：卖完爆米花之后，他们决定收工回家。 　Having sold out all the popcorn　， they decided to call it a day and go home. 二、语篇打造 　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意非谓语动词的运用。 Dear Mary， 　　This year， our class has organised a variety of extra-curricular activities， 1.　such as planting trees， learning to cook and visiting local museums　 （诸如植树、学做饭和参观当地的博物馆）. 　　My favourite activity is 2.　to visit the museums　 （去参观博物馆）.Such kinds of trips have not only 3.　helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks　 （帮助我更好地理解历史和地理课本）， but also improved my research skills， since we were always 4.　asked to get prepared　 （被要求做好准备） by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips.I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future. 　Yours， 　Li Hua 疑难突破一 如何区分谓语动词和非谓语动词 一、如何确定谓语 第一步：确定是否作谓语 首先，分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语，则设空处应填谓语动词。 第二步：确定作谓语应注意三点 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定语态； 3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It 　　　　 （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored （修复）. 分析：was built　第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知，设空处和has now been completely restored并列作谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知，事情发生在过去，主语it （the Xi’an City Wall）与动词build之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。 二、如何确定非谓语 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，而又无连词（并列连词连接并列句或并列谓语，从属连词引导从句）时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。 From 2000 to 2019， there were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world， 　　　　　 （result） in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss. 分析：resulting　分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词were，设空处应用非谓语动词。此处表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $