选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（人教版）

写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.a severe expression 一种严厉的表情 2.subscribe to the view赞成这个观点 3.be suspected of theft 被怀疑有偷窃行为 4.be linked to our school lives 与我们的校园生活相联系 5.a substantial change 重大变化 6.decrease the amount of rubbish减少垃圾的数量 7.my initial plan 我最初的计划 8.with so much solid proof有这么多确凿的证据 9.be traced back to the Ming Dynasty追溯到明朝 10.as an outstanding scientist作为一位杰出的科学家 11.a modern abstract painting 一幅现代抽象画 12.a brilliant performance 一场精彩的表演 13.admit one’s faults in public当众承认自己的过错 14.shift nervously from one foot to another紧张地从一只脚换到另一只脚 15.have a vivid imagination 拥有丰富的想象力 16.handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）；（用手）触碰 ①handle conflicts calmly and wisely冷静且明智地处理冲突 ②handle with care小心搬运 ③turn the handle转动把手 语境记忆 17.besides prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且；此外；furthermore adv.此外；再者 Besides/Furthermore， China’s high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively， greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development.　（2024·全国甲卷） 此外，中国的高速铁路网络有效地连接了各个城市，大大缩短了旅行时间，促进了经济发展。 18.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 Rather than blaming the circumstances for his failures， he decided to reflect on his own choices and take ownership of his mistakes.　（情感描写） 他没有将失败归咎于环境，而是决定反思自己的选择，并为自己的错误负责。 19.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） As students， we can take part by doing small things， such as collecting garbage on the seashore or avoiding pouring waste water into the oceans.　（2022·全国甲卷） 作为学生，我们可以通过做一些小事来参与，比如在海边收集垃圾或避免将废水倒入海洋。 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.cholera n.霍乱 2.diarrhoea n.腹泻 3.dehydration n.脱水 4.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 5.pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒 6.water pump水泵 7.household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 8.raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 9.statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 10.epidemiology n.流行病学 11.microscope n.显微镜 12.protein n.蛋白质 13.cell n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房 14.vaccine n.疫苗 15.framework n.框架；结构 16.theoretical framework理论框架 17.rainbow n.彩虹 18.plasma n.血浆 19.aerospace n.航空航天工业 20.patriotic adj.爱国的 21.mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 22.mechanic n.机械师；机械修理工 阅读词汇明义 教材例句 23.（外研选择性必修第四册）Speaking of “dirty”， do you know that there are more germs on a coin than on a toilet seat？！　n.微生物；细菌；病菌 24.（外研选择性必修第二册）But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.　n.病毒 25.（译林选择性必修第四册）Finally， understand that it is not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know， because for knowledge to have concrete value， it must be applied.　adj.确实的；具体的 派生词汇识记 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2.infection n.感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的 3.proof n.证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v.证明是 4.intervention n.介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入 5.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净 6.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n.转化；转换；变换；变化 7.thinking n.思想；思维；见解→think v.认为；思考 8.finding n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决→find v.发现 9.initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.最初地 第一组 1.once and for all　　　　 　最终地；彻底地 2.subscribe to　　同意；赞同 3.thanks to　　幸亏；由于 4.break out　　突然开始；爆发 5.in charge of　　主管；掌管 6.come down with　　患（病）；染上（小病） 7.above all　　最重要的是；尤其是 8.have an impact on 　　对……有影响 9.be to blame　　负有责任 10.under one’s leadership　　在某人的领导下 第二组 1.die from the disease 　　死于疾病 2.in general 　　总的来说；从总体上看 3.in the early 19th century 　　十九世纪初 4.through one’s tireless efforts　　通过某人不懈的努力 5.overcome some difficulties 　　克服一些困难 6.receive a hero’s welcome 　　受到英雄般的欢迎 7.take on the challenge 　　接受挑战 8.be more likely to get cholera 　　更有可能得霍乱 1.句式：until引导的时间状语从句 原句：Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2.句式：so ... that ...如此……以至于…… 原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特定的街上霍乱爆发是如此严重，以至于十天内死了500多人。 3.句式：It seems that ...看起来似乎…… 原句：It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。 4.句式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 原句：Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 5.句式：否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级 原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 6.人物描写 原句：Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年出生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 （一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快 阅读单词知意 请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。 □1.cholera n.霍乱 □2.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 □3.germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌 □4.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 □5.pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒 □6.household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 □7.intervention n.介入；出面；干涉 □8.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 □9.statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 □10.microscope n.显微镜 □11.protein n.蛋白质 □12.cell n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房 □13.virus n.病毒 □14.vaccine n.疫苗 □15.framework n.框架；结构 □16.astronomy n.天文学 □17.concrete n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 □18.aerospace n.航空航天工业 □19.patriotic adj.爱国的 □20.mechanic n.机械师；机械修理工 □21.missile n.导弹 □22.abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要 □23.concept n.概念；观念 核心单词练通 1.　severe　 adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2.　link　 n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 3.　raw　 adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 4.　decrease　 n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 5.　initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 6.　cast　 vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 7.　shadow　 n.阴影；影子；背光处 8.　rainbow　 n.彩虹 9.　pour　 vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） 10.　trace　 vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 11.　outstanding　 adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 12.　besides　 prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且；此外 13.　furthermore　 adv.此外；再者 14.　shift　 n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向 15.From my point of view， we should also take English books and websites into consideration， thus laying a 　solid　 （可靠的） foundation for English. 16.It was a challenging and demanding job， but anyhow he managed to 　handle　 （处理） it appropriately. 17.A country will have a 　brilliant　 （美好的） future when its younger generations have ideas， ability， and a strong sense of responsibility. 18.In the past 10 years， great changes have taken place in my hometown under the 　leadership　 （领导） of the government. 19.The managing director took the 　blame　 （责备） for the accident， although it was not really his 　fault　 （过失）. 拓展单词用活 1.　frustrated　 adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→　frustrate　 vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→　frustration　 n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2.　infection　 n.感染；传染→　infect　 vt.使感染；传染→　infectious　 adj.感染的；传染的 3.　pure　 adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→　purely　 adv.完全地；纯粹地→　purify　 vt.净化；使……洁净 4.　transform　 vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→　transformation　 n.（彻底的）变化；改观；转变 5.　thinking　 n.思想；思维；见解→　think　 v.认为；思考 6.　finding　 n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决→　find　 v.发现 7.　steady　 adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→　steadily　 adv.稳定地；持续地 8.He described 　vividly　 what he saw in London， giving us a 　vivid　 picture about people’s lives there.（vivid） 9.With solid 　proof　， the lawyer can certainly 　prove　 that he is innocent.（prove） 10.　Initially　， I entirely knew about the 　initial　 steps they took to create a better campus.（initial） 11.John， an 　assistant　， came to my 　assistance　； that is to say， he 　assisted　 me in finishing the impossible task on time.（assist） 12.To 　defend　 her from being hurt， I must say something in her 　defence　.（defend） 13.Lang Lang is a 　gifted　 pianist and he has a great 　gift　 for playing the piano.（gift） （二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效 先写对 1.　once and for all　　　最终地；彻底地 2.　subscribe to　　　同意；赞同 3.　thanks to　　　幸亏；由于 4.　break out　　　（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 5.　in charge of　　　主管；掌管 6.　come down with　　　患（病）；染上（小病） 7.　above all　　　　　　　最重要的是；尤其是 8.　have an impact on　　　对……有影响 9.　be to blame　　　负有责任 10.　under one’s leadership　 　　在某人的领导下 11.　be traced back to　　　追溯到 12.　over the course of　　　在……过程中 再用准 根据语境选用上面短语填空 1.　Thanks to　 his kindness and timely assistance， I succeeded in jumping onto the bus just before it left. 2.（2022·1月浙江卷）Aware that my partner 　came down with　 a serious disease， I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. 3.This morning， several classmates and I 　subscribed to　 the idea that we went to pick up rubbish in the People’s Park. 4.Settling the matter 　once and for all　 is of critical importance for them to start a new life. （三）破解构词密码——知规律·巧记忆 形容词后缀-ous 密码解读 含义 表示“具有……性质的；充满……的” 规则 直接加ous 辅音之后 y变i再加ous on变ous 去e再加ous 特殊 例词 dangerous 危险的 humorous有幽默感的 mountainous多山的 courageous 勇敢的 ①harmony→ harmonious 和谐的 ②envy→envious 羡慕的 ③mystery→ mysterious 神秘的 ①caution→cautious 谨慎的 ②infection→ infectious 传染的 ③ambition→ ambitious 有抱负的 ①continue→continuous 连续的 ②fame→famous 著名的 ③adventure→ adventurous 有冒险精神的 ①variety→ various 各种各样的 ②curiosity→ curious 好奇的 即时演练 1.Her mother was an 　ambitious　 （ambition） woman and she had great determination to get her children to enter key universities. 2.When factories pump 　poisonous　 （poison） water into the river， creatures living in the river， such as shellfish， will absorb poison into their bodies. 3.My English teacher is very friendly and has a great sense of humour.She often tells us 　humorous　 （humour） stories in class. 4.It is our duty to make our world a more 　harmonious　 （harmony） place to live in， so we should live in harmony with each other. 5.We do not need to envy any other person， for our existence is unique.Learn to be truly happy for the success of others， rather than 　envious　 （envy）. （四）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高 句型公式 句式仿写 1.句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句 教材原句：Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. 1.玛丽沿着小路走着，来到了有着宽阔草坪和蜿蜒小径的巨大花园。 Mary walked along the pathway 　until she came to huge gardens with wide lawns and winding walks.　（环境描写） 2.句型公式：so ... that ...如此……以至于…… 教材原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 2.他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。 He was 　so nervous that　 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.　（紧张心理描写） 　 句型公式 句式仿写 3.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 3.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 We began to help pick peaches and then 　had them delivered　 to the farmers’ houses. Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破 　　The doctor， 　　　　　　　　 （负责急诊室）❶， worked day and night to defend the hospital 　　　　❷ a potential outbreak. A new strain of the flu began 　　　　　　　　 （infect）❸ patients rapidly. Calm and decisive， she took effective 　　　　 （measure）❹ to contain the spread of the flu and protect the staff. Her quick actions saved countless lives. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　in charge of the emergency room　。 2.②处应填　from　。 3.③处应填　infecting/to infect　。 4.④处应填　measures　。 in charge of 主管；掌管（表状态） 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①I’m going to visit the museum which doesn’t charge 　for　 admission tomorrow morning. ②Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks， because he 　was charged　 （charge） with stealing the gold ring without solid proof. 【写美】 微写作 ③我们正在寻找一个负责任和勤奋的人来负责这个项目。 We are looking for someone who is responsible and hard-working 　to take charge of/be in charge of the project　. 【归纳】 （1）in the charge of　由……来负责；被……掌管 take charge of　　负责；掌管（表动作） free of charge　　免费 （2）charge （sb） for sth　　（向某人）要价…… charge sb with （doing） sth指控某人（做）某事 【佳句】 I will be in charge of the English speech competition， which makes me greatly honoured. ＝The English speech competition will be in the charge of me， which makes me greatly honoured. 我将负责这次英语演讲比赛，这使我倍感荣幸。 　　Above all， the less we go out， the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.In addition❶， whenever we go out， we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions， the threat of the epidemic in China saw❷ a substantial decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion， 　　　　　　❸ the leadership of the CPC， we have achieved steady success. 微技能热身 1.①处短语与本单元词汇　Furthermore　同义。 2.②处saw意为“　历经　”， 此处用了　拟人　的修辞手法。 3.③处应填　under　。 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①Through the doctor’s efforts， the number of people who suffered from the disease 　had decreased　 （decrease） significantly by the end of last century. ②With the traffic improving， the number of accidents is 　on　 the decrease. 【写美】 一句多译 ③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 →Because of human activities， the number of some rare animals 　is on the decrease　. →Because of human activities， the number of some rare animals 　is decreasing　. 【归纳】 （1）on the decrease　　　　在下降；在减少 a decrease in sth　　某方面的减少/下降 on the increase　　在增加 （2）decrease by　　减少了 decrease （from ...） to　　（从……）减少到 decrease in　　在某方面下降 【佳句】 First， with the popularity of e-books， people find it convenient to download books on the Internet， which leads to the decrease of traditional readers. 首先，随着电子书的普及，人们发现在互联网上下载书籍很方便，这导致了传统读者的减少。 　　Whenever important exams approach， many students will 　　　　　　　　　　 （感到沮丧和紧张）❶.They always suspect that they will fail in the coming exams.Furthermore， they always blame themselves 　　　❷ not studying well enough.They have no idea how to have the terrible situation 　　　　　 （handle）❸.Thanks to the headteacher’s guidance， they can face exams bravely and confidently.❹ 微技能热身 1.①处应填　feel frustrated and nervous　。 2.②处应填　for　。 3.③处应填　handled　。 4.把句④升级为强调原因的强调句： 　It is thanks to the headteacher’s guidance that they can face exams bravely and confidently.　 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was 　to blame　 （blame）. ②（2024·九省联考）When Katherine， the trainer， saw this， she blamed Hilda 　for　 her carelessness.　 【写美】 微写作 ③由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。 　Blamed for not performing well in the examination　， the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly， burying her face in her hands.　（情绪描写） 【归纳】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth　责备某人做了某事 blame sth on sb 　　把某事归咎于某人 be to blame （for）　　应（为……）承担责任 （2）lay/put the blame on 　　把……归咎于…… take the blame for sth　　承担某事的责任 【佳句】 Instead of blaming each other， we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.　（建议信） 我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互指责。 【点津】 be to blame 无被动语态。 句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【教材原句】 Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 【写美】 微写作 ①即使我们已经完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典作品来开阔我们的视野。 Even if we have finished our homework， he always 　has us read classics to broaden our horizons　. ②我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 I am terribly sorry for 　having you waiting for me for so long　， because 　I had an urgent thing to attend to　 just now. 【归纳】 （1）have sth done　　让别人做某事；让某事被完成 have sb do sth　　让某人做某事 have sb doing sth　　让某人一直做某事 have sth to do　　有某事要做 （2）can’t/couldn’t have sb doing sth　　不允许某人做某事（否定句） 【佳句】 Last Sunday our school had us take part in a five-kilometer cross-country running race to build up our bodies.上周日我们学校让我们参加五公里越野赛跑以增强体质。 Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全 维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义 1.subscribe to A.订阅　 　B.同意；赞同　 　C.捐助 ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.　　　B　 ②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past.　　　C　 ③Using the money I earned in the holiday， I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently.　　　A　 2.词义猜测 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more.　　adj.可靠的　 ②The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine.　　vt.用泵输送　 ③To my surprise， they shifted their viewpoints frequently.　　vt.改变观点（或态度、做事方式等）　 ④Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell.　　n.牢房；小房间　 ⑤ He is determined to hire a famous lawyer to defend himself in court.　　v.辩解，辩护　 维度二 写作词汇夯实　——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配 单句语法填空 1.Seeing him push himself back into the corner even further when she approached with breakfast， she frowned again， feeling 　frustrated　 （frustrate） and broken-hearted. 2.In reality， he made a severe mistake， 　shifting　（shift） his weight nervously from one foot to another. 3.With tears 　pouring　 （pour） down his cheeks， he watched the documentary film 　tracing　 （trace） the history of the ancient town. 4.With the application of the new technology， plastic waste can be recycled and transformed 　into　 building materials. 5.The 　gifted　 （gift） girl made a speech in the hall， which was quite 　infectious　 （infect） and convincing. 6.Your innovations should be linked 　to/with　 our school lives and be able to make our lives better and more convenient. Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能 短文投稿——如何面对失败 　　你校英文报正在征稿，请你结合下面的名人名言，写一篇题为My Understanding of Failure的短文。 　　A man can fail many times， but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.　—J. Burroughs 　　内容包括： 　　1.你对该名言的理解； 　　2.生活中的例子； 　　3.你的感悟。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1.这句名言告诉我们，面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是责怪他人。　（famous quote； put the blame on） 　This famous quote conveys the message that when facing failure， we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.　 2.进入高中，一些学生考试成绩很差。　（省略句） 　When entering senior high school， some students performed poorly in exams.　 3.他们把责任归咎于老师而不是自己，结果成绩更差。我也不例外。　（分词短语作结果状语） 　They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves， resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.　 4.我意识到抱怨没有用，开始调整自己的学习方法，每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。 　Aware that complaining made no sense， I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to my teachers whenever encountering difficulties.　 5.我取得了稳定的进步，这反过来又增强了我的信心。　（非限制性定语从句） 　I made steady progress， which in turn boosted my confidence.　 6.从这次经历中我意识到：只有勇敢地承担失败的责任，而不是责怪别人，我们才能成功。　（倒装句） 　From the experience， I realise that only by bravely taking responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.　 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目 My Understanding of Failure 　　　This famous quote conveys the message that when facing failure， we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.　 　　　When entering senior high school， some students performed poorly in exams.They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves， resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.However， aware that complaining made no sense， I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to my teachers whenever encountering difficulties.Gradually， I made steady progress， which in turn boosted my confidence.　 　　　From the experience， I realise that only by bravely taking responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.　 厚积薄发，下笔有神 亮词 人物描写：frustrated， contradictory， gifted， outstanding， brilliant， leadership 动作描写：subscribe to， suspect， blame， handle， transform， cast， defend→ defence， come down with， in charge of 美句 ①He was determined to find out why.　（情感描写） ②Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.　（人物描写） ③On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.　（拟人） 动作描写之“嘴/唇”动作 词汇 美句 动“嘴” ①open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 ②one’s mouth widens咧开嘴 ③one’s mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴 ④cup/cover one’s mouth捂住某人的嘴 ⑤one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆 ①He was sitting at the other end of the table， tight-lipped and looking angry. 他坐在桌子的另一头，双唇紧闭，看起来很生气。 ②Serious as my mum was， a faint smile danced around the corners of her mouth. 我妈妈虽然严肃，但是她的嘴角却掠过一丝微笑。 ③My mouth started watering when I smelled the food my mum had prepared. 一闻到我妈妈做的饭菜的香味，我就开始流口水了。 ④She looked out of the window， biting her lip as if thinking about her child. 她一边看着窗外，一边咬着嘴唇，好像在想她的孩子。 动“嘴唇” ①lick one’s lips舔嘴唇 ②purse one’s lips噘嘴 ③bite one’s lip 忍住不说；抑制情感流露 情境导语 饥饿的小女孩拿起三明治刚要吃，三明治就被哥哥一把抢走……　 第一步　完成句子 1.闻到三明治的香味，饥饿的小女孩开始流口水了。　（mouth作主语） 　The hungry girl’s mouth started watering when she smelled the sandwich.　 2.她正要拿起三明治咬一口，突然一只手捂住了她的嘴。　（mouth作宾语） 　She was about to pick up the sandwich and take a bite when suddenly a hand cupped her mouth.　 3.是她的哥哥一把抢走了三明治放入自己口中。　（强调句） 　It was her brother who grabbed the sandwich and put it into his own mouth.　 4.她抬起头，目瞪口呆地看着他。　（合成词） 　She looked up at him， open-mouthed.　 5.当泪水顺着脸颊流下来时，她咬住她的下嘴唇以免嘴唇发抖。 　She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks.　 6.她的哥哥捂住嘴偷笑。 　Her brother covered his mouth to hide his laugh.　 第二步　连句成文 　　　The hungry girl’s mouth started watering when she smelled the sandwich.She was about to pick up the sandwich and take a bite when suddenly a hand cupped her mouth.It was her brother who grabbed the sandwich and put it into his own mouth.She looked up at him， open-mouthed.She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks.Meanwhile， her brother covered his mouth to hide his laugh.　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·济南质量检测）A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation — a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old， Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge， standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap （SCTS）. 　　Bekele’s brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable， but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele’s own words， “Curing cancer， one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology， and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration， Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking.Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun， he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. 　　“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle， a product engineering specialist， who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. 　　During his presentation， Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope， accessibility， and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”. 　　Over the coming five years， Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities， offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1.What made Bekele an instant hit？（　　） A.Starting a soap fashion. B.Overcoming skin cancer. C.Being the youngest scientist. D.Creating a soap against skin cancer. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Bekele因其开创性的发明——抗皮肤癌肥皂，在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知，令Bekele一夜成名的是他发明了抗皮肤癌肥皂。 2.What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS？（　　） A.His concern for others. B.His adventure in childhood. C.His enthusiasm for technology. D.His interest in medical knowledge. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun ...the risks associated with constant sun exposure.可知，目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知，Bekele对他人的关心激励他发明抗皮肤癌肥皂。 3.What will Bekele do in the near future？（　　） A.Obtain official approval. B.Visit undeveloped areas. C.Increase the availability of the soap. D.Update the facilities of production. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个致力于将他的发明传播到更多地方的非营利组织，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知，Bekele在不久的将来会增加人们获得肥皂的可能性。 4.Which of the following can best describe Bekele？（　　） A.Inspiring and modest. B.Humorous and positive. C.Creative and considerate. D.Curious and independent. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的his groundbreaking creation和his innovative creation可知，Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，这说明Bekele有创造力；再根据第二段中的Having witnessed people work tirelessly ...constant sun exposure和最后一段中的establish a nonprofit organization ...fight against skin cancer可知，Bekele为他人着想。 B 　　（2025·沈阳质量监测）German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time， the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution， two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity — Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn — offer an original and penetrating （精辟的） analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world. 　　For the first time ever， by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge， Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone. 　　As a large part of the book explains， Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution， not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch， but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries， as well as nineteenth-century physicists. 　　The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo， whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders， he meant that， without their contributions， he would not have formulated （创立） the theory of relativity. 　　The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein， of all people， revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that， to understand his genius， one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read， the book will interest physicists and historians alike. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里面两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。 5.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein？（　　） A.Opposing.　　B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous.　　D.Indifferent. 解析：A　观点态度题。根据第二段可知，这两个专家首次通过整理爱因斯坦的作品，发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍的误解，大家都错误地以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此推知，这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度。 6.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.From nothing. B.Up to a certain standard. C.From others. D.With previous knowledge. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性的决裂。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世，而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。 7.What does the author try to say by mentioning the famous physicists？（　　） A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success. D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世，而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。由此推断，作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果。 8.Where is the text most probably taken from？（　　） A.A guidebook to a course. B.An introduction to a book. C.An essay on Albert Einstein. D.A review of physics development. 解析：B　文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的The authors highlight ...The book also includes和第五段最后一句可知，本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书，所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·沈阳质量监测）While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam， I noticed something odd.Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter， preferring to 　9　 through a smartphone. 　　What was the crazy thing about this？ They were just several centimeters apart！ 　10　， they were so close that the staff member took a quick 　11　 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables — all without any words 　12　.Now， I get it： Modern technology allows us to be more 　13　， but I might be witnessing something deeper： We prefer not to talk to each other anymore. 　　Think about it for a moment.When was the last time you naturally 　14　 a conversation with somebody you didn’t know？ The chances are that you don’t even 　15　！ Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 　16　 with a smartphone. Now， with the 　17　 of digital technologies， one can’t help but pay the 　18　 for modern efficiency： our ability to talk to strangers. 　　We shop， 　19　 a hotel， or order a taxi， all via an app. 　20　 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer.Yet there are surprising 　21　 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers.You might learn something 　22　， and beyond doubt， it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 　23　 a special bond in our modern world. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了科技对人际沟通的影响。 9.A.talk　　 B.call C.order　　 D.deliver 解析：C　上文说顾客们进来吃东西的时候，忽视了站在柜台后的人，此处是说他们更喜欢通过智能手机来点餐。 10.A.Hopefully　　 B.Naturally C.Generally　　 D.Actually 解析：D　下文提到的they were so close是一个事实，因此这里用Actually。 11.A.chance　　 B.turn C.look　　 D.test 解析：C　根据上文they were so close及下文at his screen ...the right vegetables可知，工作人员快速看了一下顾客的手机屏幕，以提前做好准备去挑选正确的蔬菜。 12.A.spoken　　 B.written C.typed　　 D.mentioned 解析：A　根据下文We prefer not to talk to each other anymore.可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。 13.A.efficient　　 B.enthusiastic C.effective　　 D.energetic 解析：A　根据下文one can’t help ...for modern efficiency可知，现代技术使我们更加高效。 14.A.ended up　　 B.engaged in C.made up　　 D.went on 解析：B　根据上文We prefer not to talk to each other anymore.可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈的时候。engage in a conversation进行交谈。 15.A.hear　　 B.believe C.remember　　 D.understand 解析：C　根据上文When was the last time ...didn’t know？可知，这里是指很可能你甚至都不记得上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。 16.A.recording　　 B.studying C.playing　　 D.calculating 解析：C　根据上文busy和下文with a smartphone可知，人们在忙着玩手机。 17.A.idea　　 B.aim C.problem　　 D.rise 解析：D　根据下文modern efficiency可知，随着数字技术的兴起，人们的效率得以提高，但同时也为此付出了代价。 18.A.cash　　 B.price C.debt　　 D.tax 解析：B　参见上题解析。pay the price for表示“为……付出代价”，为固定短语。 19.A.decorate　　 B.book C.build　　 D.repair 解析：B　根据下文all via an app可知，我们通过应用程序购物、预订酒店或打车。 20.A.Contact　　 B.Work C.Conflict　　 D.Reunion 解析：A　根据上文We shop ...all via an app.可知，人们通过手机应用程序完成生活中的各种事情，所以和陌生人的接触越来越少了。 21.A.interests　　 B.benefits C.disadvantages　　 D.influences 解析：B　根据下文You might learn something ...our modern world.可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好处。 22.A.unrealistic　　 B.unsuitable C.unreasonable　　 D.unexpected 解析：D　根据语境和常识可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的东西。 23.A.serves as　　 B.refers to C.accounts for　　 D.consists of 解析：A　和陌生人交谈可以充当现代生活中的一种特殊纽带。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·临沂模拟）Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has spread to 196 countries and regions and gained worldwide 24.　　　　　　 （recognise） for its unique strengths in disease prevention and control and rehabilitation. 　　Chinese acupuncture， Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa， 25.　　　　　　 Taijiquan have been included in the UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage.Huang Di Nei Jing and Ben Cao Gang Mu， ancient Chinese 26.　　　　　　 （classic） on medicine， have been listed in the Memory of the World Register. Every year， a large number of international students come to China to study TCM， and TCM products and services have been 27.　　　　　　 great demand at the annual China International Fair for Trade in Services. China will continue to promote quality traditional Chinese medicine resources and services overseas， and help build 28.　　　　　　 global community of health for all. The three TCM patent medicines and three TCM prescriptions， 29.　　　　　　 have proved effective during the pandemic， 30.　　　　　　 （adopt） by a number of countries so far.China has also dispatched TCM experts to aid disease control work in 29 countries. China 31.　　　　　　 （announce） a plan on Wednesday that aims to promote the culture of TCM， including 32.　　　　　　 （step） up protection and conservation of the practice， building a national digital TCM museum， launching various activities 33.　　　　　　 （raise） awareness among students and facilitating TCM-related cultural exchanges with foreign countries. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中医已传播到196个国家和地区，并以其在疾病预防控制和康复方面的独特优势赢得了全世界的认可。 24.recognition　本空前面有谓语动词gained，这里需要一个名词来作其宾语。 25.and　这里列举了三种中医疗法，意义并列，因此用并列连词and连接。 26.classics　本空前面提到了《黄帝内经》和《本草纲目》两部经典著作，因此这里应用名词的复数形式。 27.in　in great demand是一个固定短语，表示“非常需要的；受欢迎的”。 28.a　本空后面的community是一个可数名词，a global community表示“一个全球性的社区”。 29.which　根据语境可知，这里是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应该用关系代词which。 30.have been adopted　这里表示药物和处方“被采用”，且时间状语为so far，因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。 31.announced　根据时间状语on Wednesday以及语境可知，这里应用一般过去时。 32.stepping　本空前的including是介词，因此这里应用动词-ing形式作其宾语。 33.to raise　这里表示开展各种活动的目的是提高学生对中医的认识，因此用动词不定式作目的状语。 19 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $