必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（人教版）

写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.do/cause damage to our health 损害我们的健康 2.rescue me from an embarrassing situation 把我从尴尬的境地中解救出来 3.destroy his confidence毁掉他的自信 4.put up shelters for the homeless 为无家可归者搭建避难所 5.ruin our friendship破坏我们的友谊 6.be trapped in the mountain 被困在山上 7.erupt into thunderous applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声 8.slide into the classroom溜进教室 9.turn off the tap 关掉水龙头 10.keep calm in an emergency 在紧急情况下保持镇静 11.with the aid of rescue workers 在救援人员的帮助下 12.be killed in a plane crash 死于一次飞机失事 13.deliver a speech on ... 发表一场关于……的演讲 14.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 ①be deeply/greatly affected by his story 被他的故事深深地打动 ②be affected with a terrible illness 染上一种可怕的疾病 ③flood into the affected areas涌入受灾地区 ④be affected by a selfless doctor 在一位无私医生的影响下 15.supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt.供应；供给 ①be in short supply供应不足 ②supply food and clothes to the homeless ＝supply the homeless with food and clothes 给无家可归的人提供食物和衣服 16.strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击 ①be struck by/with his deeds被他的行为所打动 ②strike ...into one’s heart使某人对……刻骨铭心 ③go on strike举行罢工 语境记忆 17.flood n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没 It was at that moment that I felt a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 就在那一刻，有一种又惊又喜的感觉涌上我的心头。 18.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 What shocks us most is that the ocean is becoming severely polluted.　（2022·全国甲卷） 最令我们震惊的是，海洋正受到严重污染。 19.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow.　（2022·全国甲卷） 我坚信，只有共同努力，我们才能有一个更美好的明天。 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.disaster n.灾难；灾害 2 tornado n.龙卷风；旋风 3.drought n.旱灾；久旱 4.tsunami n.海啸 5.magnitude n.震级；重大 6.evacuate vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离 7.crack n.裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.（使）破裂 8.brick n.砖；砖块 9.metal n.金属 10.revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒 11.revival n.振兴；复苏 12.unify vi.& vt.统一；（使）成一体13.volcano n.火山 14.typhoon n.台风 15.hurricane n.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风 16.whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨 n.哨子（声）；呼啸声 17.kit n.成套工具；成套设备 教材例句 18.（译林必修第二册）In summary， literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty， the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings， and the history of the human soul.　n.总结；概括；概要 19.（译林选择性必修第一册）Li Bai’s romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived.　n.背景 20.（外研必修第三册）What’s more， heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslide，and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.　n.（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡 派生词汇识记 1.death n.死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v.死亡 2.electricity n.电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的 3.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 4.wisdom n.智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的 5.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n.痛苦；苦难→sufferer n.受苦者 6.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n.幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者；生还者 7.effect n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效的 8.length n.长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v.（使）变长 第一组 1.as if　　似乎；好像；仿佛 2.in ruins　　严重受损；破败不堪 3.in shock　　震惊；吃惊 4.in the open air　　露天；在户外 5.first aid kit　　急救箱 6.on hand　　现有（尤指帮助） 7.sweep away　　消灭；彻底消除 8.the number of ...　　……的数量 第二组 1.natural disasters　　自然灾难 2.as usual　　像往常一样 3.at （the） least　　至少 4.come to an end　　结束 5.one of the most deadly earthquakes　　最致命的地震之一 6.put up shelters　　搭建避难所 7.provide medical care　　提供医疗护理 1.句式：too ...to ...太……而不能…… 原句：Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2.句式：as if ...似乎/好像…… 原句： It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3.句式：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do 原句：Water， food， and electricity were hard to get. 很难得到水、食物和电。 4.句式：分词短语作结果状语 原句：The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday， killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. 过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6，500多人死亡。 （一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快 阅读单词知意 请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。 1.disaster n.灾难；灾害 2.ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏 3.percent n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 4.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 5.bury vt.埋葬；安葬 6. unify vi.& vt.统一；（使）成一体 7.tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 8.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 核心单词练通 1.　slide　 vi.& vt.（使）滑行；滑动 2.　damage　 vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 3.　rescue　 n.& vt.营救；救援 4.　destroy　 vt.摧毁；毁灭 5.　affect　 vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 6.　shelter　 n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 7.　supply　 n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 8.　emergency　 n.突发事件；紧急情况 9.　calm　 adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 10.　aid　 n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.（formal）帮助；援助 11.　crash　 vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 12.　sweep　 vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 13.　strike　 vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 14.（2024·1月浙江卷）Soon Eva began to 　breathe　 （呼吸） hard， with her heart pounding and legs shaking. 15.（2024·1月浙江卷）The mind trick made hard things easier， and even gave her 　power　 （力量） and inspiration. 16.（2024·1月浙江卷）If I ever get 　trapped　 （陷入困境） outside my house again， my local telephone box will， sadly， no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 17.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）When approaching the finish line， he burst into a big toothy smile and 　waved　 （挥手） to me with excitement. 拓展单词用活 1.　electricity　 n.电；电能→　electric　 adj.电的；用电的→　electronic　 adj.电子的 2.　revive　 vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒→　revival　 n.振兴；复苏 3.　wisdom n.智慧；才智→　wise adj.明智的→　unwise adj.不明智的 4.　suffer　 vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→　suffering　 n.痛苦；苦难→　sufferer n.患者；受难者 5.　power　 n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→　powerful　 adj.强有力的；有影响力的→　powerless　 adj.无力的 6.　deliver　 vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→　delivery n.投递；送交 7.　effect　 n.影响；结果；效果→　effective　 adj.有效的 8.　length　 n.长；长度→　long　 adj.长的→　lengthen　 v.（使）变长 9.People were 　shocked　 to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The 　shocking　 news 　shocked　 all the people around.（shock） 10.Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of 　survival.Thanks to the swimming skills， he and his friend succeeded in 　surviving　 the terrible flood and they were the only two 　survivors　.（survive） 11.The 　deadly　 disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 　deaths　 up to now.（dead） 12.Yesterday， I climbed the mountain top to 　breathe　 the fresh air.Although I became 　breathless　 when I was on the top， the 　breath　 of fresh air was worth it.（breath） （二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效 先写对 1.　in ruins　　　严重受损；破败不堪 2.　in shock　　　震惊；吃惊 3.　set up　　　建立 4.　as usual　　　像往常一样 5.　on hand　　　现有（尤指帮助） 6.　dig out　　　挖掘 7.　in the open air　　　露天；在户外 8.　sweep away　　　消灭；彻底消除 9.　come to an end　　　结束 10.　first aid kit　　　急救箱 再用准 根据语境选用上面短语填空 1.Hearing the terrible news about the typhoon， she was 　in shock　. 2.At that moment， a sudden feeling of sadness 　swept away　 all my anger. 3.He wants to see me now， but I have so much work 　on hand　 that I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 4.Everyone was shocked， thinking the world must be 　coming to an end　. 5.On returning to the town， they were shocked to find their neighborhood 　in ruins　. （三）破解构词密码——知规律·巧记忆 名词、形容词后缀-al 密码解读 规则 例词 构成 名词 无论ve/se，都要去掉e，再加-al ①arrive→arrival 到达　　②approve→approval 批准 ③survive→survival 幸存　　④refuse→refusal 拒绝 构成形容词 多数直接加-al national 国家的　　personal 个人的　　occasional 偶尔的 traditional 传统的accidental 意外的additional 另外的 去e加 -al ①culture→cultural 文化的　　②practice→practical 实际的 -ial ①office→official 正式的②finance→financial 金融的 辅音之后y变i，再加-al ①industry→industrial 工业的 ②memory→memorial 纪念的 例外词：“benefit”t不见，-cial走上前；spirit是特例，-ual加上去 ①benefit→beneficial 有益的②spirit→spiritual 精神的 （四）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高 句型公式 句式仿写 1.句型公式：too ...to ...太……而不能…… 教材原句：Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 1.一听到他的话，我就目瞪口呆地站在那里，激动得说不出话来。 On hearing his words， I simply stood there dumbfounded， 　too thrilled to speak　.　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 2.句型公式：as if ...似乎/好像…… 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 2.仿佛过了一个世纪我才从同学们热烈的掌声和欢呼声中醒来。 　It seemed as if a century had passed　 before I woke up from my classmates’ warm applauses and cheers.　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 3.句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……这时（突然）…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 3.他们正在他们最喜欢的餐馆里安静地吃着家庭晚餐，这时地震发生了，每个人都惊慌失措地冲了出来。 They 　were having a quiet family dinner at their favorite restaurant when　 the earthquake suddenly struck， causing everyone to rush out in panic. Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破 　　On 27 March 1964， a terrible earthquake， one of the biggest 　　　　 （disaster）❶ on Earth， struck Alaska.As it was a holiday， many people were at home.Everything was going on as usual 　　　　❷ people’s houses began to shake.Buildings cracked and water pipes burst.It lasted more than four minutes and many people were buried under the 　　　　 （ruin）❸， waiting for rescue workers to help them❹.The earthquake left people in shock and destroyed many towns and a great number of people suffered 　　　　❺ the disaster.However， they all did everything in their power to rebuild the city. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　disasters　。 2.②处应填　when　。 3.③处应填　ruins　。 4.④处help them可以用本单元短语　come to their rescue　升级。 5.⑤处应填介词　from　。 strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打；突然想起；（时钟等）敲响 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 【练通】 同义句转换 ①I thought of a terrible idea at that moment. →A terrible idea 　struck me　 at that moment. 【写美】 微写作 ②我被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 　Struck by what he had done for me　， I couldn’t contain myself， tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.　（分词短语作状语） 【归纳】 （1）It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that ...　　某人突然想起…… be struck by ...　　被……打动；被……侵袭 strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位　打某人某部位 （2）be on strike　　在罢工 【佳句】 It occurred to/hit/struck her that goals are easier to achieve in small steps.　（2024·1月浙江卷） 她突然意识到，目标可以通过小步骤更容易实现。 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 【写美】 句式升级 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I am buried in reading the English newspapers every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →　Buried in reading the English newspapers every day， I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →　Burying myself in reading　 the English newspapers every day， I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. 【归纳】 （1）　　埋头于；专心于 （2）bury one’s face in one’s hands　　双手掩面 【佳句】 Hearing the bad news， she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears. ＝Hearing the bad news， she burst into tears， with her face buried in her hands.　（动作描写） 听到这个坏消息后，她双手掩面，突然哭了起来。 句型公式：be doing ... when ...正在做……这时（突然）…… 【教材原句】 I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭突然水开始涌入家中。 【写美】 微写作 ①他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。 They were about to put up the tent in the open air 　when a loud whistle frightened them　.　（情感描写） ②我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。 　We had just escaped from the burning house when　 it fell to the ground and we were frightened out of our wits.　（恐惧心理描写） 【归纳】 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。 when表示“这时突然”时，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do ...when ...正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing ...when ...正要做……突然…… had （just） done ...when ...刚做完……这时…… 【佳句】 With the jar in my hands， I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair. 我手里捧着罐子，正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊了一下。 　　It is known that Wenchuan was hit by a severe earthquake on 12 May 2008.After the earthquake， we found everything in ruins.It seemed 　　　　 （似乎）❶ the world were coming to an end.The terrible earthquake had a bad effect on people’s normal lives.However， not all hope 　　　　 （destroy）❷. The Chinese government took immediate action and came to the rescue right away.The army and volunteers saved some people who were trapped under the ruins， and buried the dead.Enough food and water were sent❸ to the disaster-hit area， where many people 　　　　 （survive）❹ the disaster were in urgent need of help and supplies. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　as if/though　。 2.②处应填　was destroyed　。 3.③处sent可用本单元词汇　delivered　替换。 4.④处应填 　surviving　。 句型公式：as if ...似乎/好像…… 【教材原句】 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 【写美】 微写作 ①他伸展四肢，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得很大。 He throws his arms and legs out 　as if he were flying　， his eyes wide with excitement. ②大卫坚持跑步，好像他已经忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。 David insisted on running 　as if/though he had forgotten all his weaknesses　， though he tripped within a few kilometers.　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） 【归纳】 as if/though 【佳句】 Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head， looked at me as if he would say something，but lowered his head once again.　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） 大卫眼泪在眼眶里打转，抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。 effect n.影响；结果；效果 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①Hopefully， my recommendations will soon be put 　into　 effect to settle these problems. ②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）This method may not be 　effective　 （effect） for everyone as each student’s oral ability is different. 【写美】 微写作 ③我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有着积极的影响。 I feel much affection for my mum， 　whose words and actions have a positive effect/influence/impact on/upon me　.　（人物描写） 【归纳】 （1）take effect　　生效；见效 come into effect　　生效 side effect　　副作用 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon 　　对……产生影响 put ...into effect　　实施；使……生效 （2）effective adj.　　有效的；有影响的 【佳句】 During Li Bai’s lifetime， he wrote a great number of excellent poems， all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture.　（人物介绍） 李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，它们对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①（2024·九省联考）Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of 　survival　 （survive） from attacks. ②We will do everything in our power to help those 　survivors　 （survive） in the tornado. 【写美】 微写作 ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about 　how to survive the storm　； it’s about learning to dance in the rain.　（主旨升华） 【归纳】 （1）survive from　　从……幸存 survive on　　依靠……生存下来 survive ...by ...　　比……多活了…… （2）survivor n.　　幸存者 survival n.　　[U] 幸存；[C] 残存物 【佳句】 Up to now food and water have been delivered to the disaster-stricken area， where many people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 到目前为止，食物和水已经送到灾区，那里的许多幸存者迫切需要帮助。 Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全 维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义 1.strike A.v.递送　B.v.生小孩；接生　C.v.发表演说 ①When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10.　　　F　 ②The story of the struggling artist struck a chord with the audience， and they couldn’t help but sympathize with his journey.　　　A　 ③（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）... some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.　 　　E　 ④They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay.　　　C　 ⑤He fell， striking his head on the edge of the table.　　　D　 ⑥It struck me that I forgot to hand in my homework， making me anxious.　　　B　 2.deliver A.v.打动　　B.v.使突然想起 C.n.罢工　　D.vt.撞 E.v.达成（协议，妥协）　　F.v.敲钟 ①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy， which made the handsome prince wild with excitement.　　　B　 ②The son of a grocer， he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville， New Jersey.　　　A　 ③Good evening， everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment， but let me introduce him first.　　　C　 3.词义猜测 ①The new engine is capable of powering the entire factory with minimal energy consumption.　　vt.驱动　 ②（2023·全国甲卷）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see， and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear.　　vi.大量涌入　 ③Birds singing in the tree， the bright five-star red flag waved in the breeze.　　vi.飘动，起伏　 ④She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.　　n.休克　 ⑤I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep.　　n.小山　 ⑥（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？　　v.捕捉　 维度二 写作词汇夯实　——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配 单句语法填空 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he 　suffered　 （suffer） from terrible back pain. 2.（2025·沧州三模）Thus， countless houses are 　in　 ruins， numerous fields 　are destroyed　 （destroy）， and millions of people suffer great economic loss. 3.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）In more technical terms， the 　wisdom　 （wise） of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. 4.　Shockingly　 （shock）， the graceful competitor just smiled 　calmly　（calm） when she learned that no 　effective　 （effect） measures had been taken. 5.　Trapped　 （trap） in the ruins for two days，the girl constantly held a positive attitude， firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue. 6.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Though overtourism is described as a problem 　affecting　 （affect） the entire world， it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能 宣传稿——抗震救灾 　　假定你是李华，你校学生会计划于下周五举办以“抗震救灾”为主题的展览。请你以校学生会的名义，在校英文网站上发布一则宣传稿，内容包括： 　　1.展览的时间和地点；　　2.展览的内容；　　3.鼓励积极参与。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1.我校学生会将于下周五在学校文化中心举办抗震救灾展览。　（物作主语； see； disaster rescue） 　The school’s cultural center will see an exhibition organised by the Students’ Union on earthquake relief and disaster rescue next Friday.　 2.展览定于上午9：00举行，持续两个小时。　（last） 　The exhibition is scheduled for 9：00 am， lasting two hours.　 3.展览重点是抗震救灾的各个方面，从抗震救灾的历史到救灾设备都有。　（range from ...to ...） 　It will focus on various aspects of earthquake relief and disaster rescue， ranging from the history of earthquake relief to relief equipment.　 4.救援人员的不懈努力和人们在灾难中表现出的智慧会让你深受感动。　（effort； rescue； affect） 　The tireless efforts of rescuers and the wisdom of people shown in disasters can leave you deeply affected.　 5.希望大家都能积极参展，这必将提高大家的抗震救灾意识，激励大家为社会做贡献。　（定语从句） 　All are expected to actively engage in the exhibition， which will definitely raise your awareness of earthquake relief and disaster rescue， and inspire you to contribute to society.　 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目 　　　The school’s cultural center will see an exhibition organised by the Students’ Union on earthquake relief and disaster rescue next Friday.　 　　　The exhibition is scheduled for 9：00 am， lasting two hours.It will focus on various aspects of earthquake relief and disaster rescue， ranging from the history of earthquake relief to relief equipment.The tireless efforts of rescuers and the wisdom of people shown in disasters can leave you deeply affected.　 　　　All are expected to actively engage in the exhibition， which will definitely raise your awareness of earthquake relief and disaster rescue， and inspire you to contribute to society.　 厚积薄发，下笔有神 亮词 情感描写：shock， in shock， calm， affect， effort 动作描写：rescue， flood， trap， bury， damage， destroy， aid， sweep away， suffer， survive， shelter， strike， deliver 美句 ①It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！　（夸张） ②Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.　（比喻） ③Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.　（拟人） ④Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.　（主旨升华） 情感描写之“恐惧、惊恐”（二） 词汇 美句 吓呆 ①rooted to the spot 呆立不动 ②freeze with fear/terror/fright/horror吓呆 ①Seeing the bloody scene， she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground. 看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。 ②I could feel my heart pounding wildly and my palms sweating. 我能够感觉到我的心怦怦跳，手心直冒汗。 ③The thought of giving the presentation filled him with such terror that he could barely sleep the night before. 一想到要做报告，他就心惊胆战，以至于前一天晚上几乎无法入睡。 冒汗 ①sweat with fear吓得直冒汗 ②（palms） sweat （手心）冒汗 发抖、 发软 ①tremble/shake with fear吓得发抖；胆战心惊 ②（knees） knock in fright吓得双膝直打颤 ③knees feel weak双膝发软 毛骨 悚然 ①send a chill down/up sb’s spine 令某人脊背发凉，令某人毛骨悚然 ②a chill deep down in one’s bones毛骨悚然 情境导语 莫莉被独自留在一所黑暗的大房子里，半夜有人敲门，她惊恐万分……　 第一步　完成句子 1.她一想到要独自留在这所黑暗的大房子里，就毛骨悚然。 The idea of being alone in the dark big house 　made her hair stand on end/sent a chill down her spine　. 2.半夜有人敲门，她吓呆了。 　At midnight someone pounded at the door.She froze with terror.　 3.她吓得浑身发抖。她握紧拳头，指甲抠进手掌。 　She trembled/shook with fear.Her fingers were curled into a fist， nails digging into her palm. 4.妈妈和爸爸在哪里？ 莫莉从床上爬起来，踮着脚尖下楼。 Where were Mom and Dad？ 　Molly crawled out of bed and tiptoed downstairs　. 5.莫莉看到玻璃门外的黑影，感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。 　Molly felt that the blood in her body froze rapidly　 at the sight of the dark figure outside the glass door. 6.她吓得双膝发软。她伸手拿手机给警察打电话，却发现没电了。 　Her knees felt weak.She reached for her cellphone to call the police， only to find it out of power. 第二步　连句成文 　　　The idea of being alone in the dark big house made her hair stand on end/sent a chill down her spine.At midnight someone pounded at the door.She froze with terror.She trembled/shook with fear.Her fingers were curled into a fist， nails digging into her palm.Where were Mom and Dad？ Molly crawled out of bed and tiptoed downstairs.Molly felt that the blood in her body froze rapidly at the sight of the dark figure outside the glass door.Meanwhile， her knees felt weak.She reached for her cellphone to call the police， only to find it out of power.　 　　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解B）“I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber， shortly after performing acupuncture （针灸） on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive， it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians （兽医） now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture， chiropractic （按摩疗法） and herbal medicine. 　　Farber， a graduate of Colorado State University， started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture， an ancient Chinese practice， and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So， after studying the techniques for a couple of years， he began offering them to pets. 　　Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse， Nappy， “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 　　Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time， and if the past is any indication， he may be right： Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.” 24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him？（　　） A.He’s odd.　　B.He’s strict. C.He’s brave.　　D.He’s rude. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法；再结合文章首句中Farber所说I am not crazy可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。 25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets？（　　） A.He was trained in it at university. B.He was inspired by another veterinarian. C.He benefited from it as a patient. D.He wanted to save money for pet owners. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的He became interested in alternative treatments ...What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，从中获得了益处，所以他决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。 26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？（　　） A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解析：D　段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转，即Farber的针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统的西医治疗相结合的整体医学取得了良好的效果。 27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？（　　） A.To prove Farber’s point. B.To emphasize its importance. C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 解析：A　目的意图题。最后一段中的Since 1982 ...grown from 30 to over 700.具体解释了冒号前的the past。由此推断，作者提到该组织是为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.practice v.　　实行，奉行 n.　　惯常做法 2.graduate n.　　（大学）毕业生 3.relief n.　　（痛苦等的）减轻 4.ease v.　　（使）减轻 5.suffering n.　　疼痛 6.approach n.　　方法 7.advocate v.　　提倡 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.occasionally adv.[派生词] 偶然，偶尔 （occasional＋-ly） 2.conventional adj.[派生词] 依照惯例的，遵循习俗的（convention＋-al） 3.additional adj.[派生词] 附加的，额外的 （addition＋-al） 4.adjustment n.[派生词] 调整，校正 （adjust＋-ment） 5.membership n.[派生词] 会员身份 （member＋-ship） 6.association n.[派生词] 协会，社团，联盟 （associate＋-ion） 7.effectiveness n.[派生词] 有效性，效力 （effective＋-ness） （三）由文本积主题词块 1.ahead of one’s time　　（观念）超前 2.have the last laugh　　笑到最后，取得最后胜利 3.herbal medicine　　草药（疗法） 4.start out as　　起初是（某身份） 5.an alternative treatment　　一种替代疗法 6.a heart condition　　心脏病 7.put ...to sleep　　给（患病动物）实施安乐死 （四）由文本知变式运用 1.近义替换（用文中的词汇替换） ①began supplying them to pets→　offering　 （第二段） ②a severe heart condition→　serious　 （第三段） 2.熟词生义（文章中生义） sleep [熟义] v.睡觉→[生义] 　v.死，长眠　 （第三段第二句） （五）由文本学靓丽表达 1.He 　became interested in　 （变得感兴趣） alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. 2.Then he tried acupuncture， an ancient Chinese practice， and 　was amazed　 （感到吃惊） that he improved after two or three treatments. （六）由文本学长难句分析 　After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 逐步还原 Step 1 She was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering.（主句结构为由but连接的　并列句　） Step 2 After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering.（加入after引导的　时间状语从句　；加入插入语） Step 3 After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.（加入so ...that ...引导的　结果状语从句　） 参考译文：　在查理心脏病发作后，丁代尔表示，她准备让它安乐死，但法伯的治疗大大缓解了狗狗的痛苦，能够让它多活五个月。　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping （刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way through our city in September 2003. 　　Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. 　　Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away. 　　The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two！ 　　As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell through. 　　In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets. 　　Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. 　　Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 1.How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（　　） A.Sad.　　 B.Curious. C.Surprised.　　 D.Delighted. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后认为那是最甜美的声音——因为自己的女儿还活着。由此判断，她当时感到庆幸和高兴。 2.What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？（　　） A.Their leaving home quickly. B.Their calling the firefighters. C.Their receiving help from neighbours. D.Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时做出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。 3.What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　） A.Not injured.　　 B.Not affected. C.Not included.　　 D.Not disturbed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（　　） A.To describe a terrible natural disaster. B.To thank her neighbours and firefighters. C.To show the importance of being thankful. D.To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane. 解析：C　写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者通过分享他们一家人死里逃生的经历，主要表达了一种感恩的心情。 B 　　（2025·皖豫名校联考）As the United Nations COP27 climate conference kicked off in Egypt， UN Secretary-General António Guterres claimed that the world is on a “highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator （油门）”. To keep temperature from rising 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels by 2100， we need to pump the brakes on greenhouse gas emissions.In fact， we’d basically have to bring the runaway truck to a complete and immediate stop.Now is the time for us to pull back before it is too late. 　　The climate pledges （承诺） made by nations at COP26 conference felt like a positive step in the right direction， but there’s very little doubt that the average temperature rise on Earth will exceed the 1.5 degree mark in the coming decades.Can we limit this overshoot？ And how might we do that？ 　　A study， released Thursday in the scientific journal Nature Climate Change， tried to answer those questions by modeling 27 different emissions reduction pathways of varying ambition.It came to an unsurprising conclusion： Countries need to act by increasing the ambition of their climate pledges.And they need to act now. 　　The 1.5 degree rise has long been seen as a critical mark in the fight against climate change.Since the signing of the Paris Agreement at COP21 ten years ago， scientists have rigorously studied how this level of warming above preindustrial temperatures would affect the Earth.The models and simulations they’ve built show we are likely to see more extreme weather events， in addition to glacial melt， sea level rise that threatens many low-lying Pacific nations and significant loss of biodiversity once temperatures push past an increase of 1.5 degrees. 　　Though the 1.5 degree target is practically dead， the situation isn’t hopeless.Now more than ever， there’s reason to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting more ambitious goals.However， ambition alone is not enough.We also need action — investing in renewables and technologies like carbon capture and rapidly transforming our energy systems and infrastructure. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在第27届联合国气候变化大会（COP27）上，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯发出警告：世界正走在“通往气候地狱的高速公路上，我们的脚还踩在油门上”。 5.What did António Guterres try to do in the first paragraph？（　　） A.Make a request.　　 B.Issue a warning. C.Provide a solution.　　 D.Offer a suggestion. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，António Guterres主要给我们发出警告：要马上急刹车停止像现在这样排放温室气体，实现将全球升温限制在1.5摄氏度的目标，否则人类可能将自我毁灭。 6.What was the conclusion of the study released in Nature Climate Change？（　　） A.The shortest answer is doing. B.Setting a goal is what matters. C.What’s done cannot be undone. D.Failing to plan is planning to fail. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，周四发表在科学杂志《自然气候变化》上的一项研究试图通过模拟27种不同的减排路径来回答这些问题。这项研究得出了一个不足为奇的结论：各国需要采取行动，加强其控制温室气体排放的力度。他们现在就需要马上行动起来。 7.What do the models and simulations the scientists have built intend to show？（　　） A.The consequences of rising temperatures. B.The problems with extreme weather events. C.The solutions to controlling global warming. D.The importance of protecting the environment. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，科学家们建立的模型和模拟显示，一旦气温上升超过1.5度，会产生各种后果，包括冰川融化、许多地势较低的太平洋国家的海平面上升、生物多样性的重大损失，以及更多极端天气事件。 8.How does the author end the passage？（　　） A.By sharing confidence and inspiring. B.By expressing concern and criticizing. C.By voicing doubts and making complaints. D.By spreading hope and appealing for action. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者最后指出，虽然目前的形势非常严峻，但并非完全绝望；重要的是立刻行动起来，光有目标和决心是不够的。 C 　　（2024·1月浙江卷）On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 　　Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 　　The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo， North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” 　　One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes （龙卷风） form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？ No one really knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.” 　　Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 9.What does the project aim to do？（　　） A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴云播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下，即这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成。 10.Who are opposed to the project？（　　） A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分，即艾伯塔省中东部的农民是反对这一计划的。 11.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？（　　） A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 解析：C　目的意图题。根据第四段第一句中的One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell可知，Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问：怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或减少下风处的水分。由此推断，Doswell博士提到1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云可能存在的风险。 12.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　A low-carbon lifestyle is one that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the impact of human activities on the climate.13.（　　）， such as using renewable energy， eating less meat， traveling by public transport， recycling， and planting trees.But what are the benefits and challenges of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle？ 　　One of the main benefits of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is that it can help to protect the environment.By reducing your carbon footprint， you can contribute to lowering the global temperature， preserving natural resources， preventing biodiversity loss， and improving air quality.14.（　　）， and support the transition to a circular economy， where materials are reused and recycled instead of being thrown away. 　　Another benefit of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is that it can improve your health and wellbeing.15.（　　）.A low-carbon lifestyle can also enhance your social and emotional wellbeing， by fostering a sense of community， purpose， and satisfaction. 　　16.（　　）.One of the main challenges is to change your habits and behaviors， which can be influenced by various factors， such as culture， convenience， comfort， and cost.For example， you may find it hard to give up your car， your favorite food， or your fast fashion purchases， even if you know they are harmful to the environment. 　　Despite the challenges， adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is possible and rewarding.17.（　　）.Seek inspiration and support from others who have adopted a low-carbon lifestyle， as well as from experts or organizations that can help you with your projects.Additionally， be creative and flexible with your lifestyle by experimenting with different options and solutions.Finally， embrace the diversity and richness of a low-carbon lifestyle to enjoy the variety and novelty of your experiences. A.It can involve various choices and actions B.Changing habits and behaviours isn’t difficult C.A low-carbon lifestyle can also reduce waste and pollution D.However， adopting a low-carbon lifestyle is not always easy E.More and more people choose to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle F.First of all， you need to start small by setting realistic and measurable goals G.Many low-carbon activities， such as walking， cycling， and gardening， can boost your physical and mental fitness 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。低碳生活不仅有利于环境保护，还有益于我们的身心健康。虽然选择低碳生活会面临很多挑战，但这些付出是值得的。 13.A　下文such as using renewable energy， eating less meat ...列举了低碳生活的各种具体形式，故A项符合语境。A项中的It指代上文提到的A low-carbon lifestyle。 14.C　本段主要说明低碳生活方式对环境保护带来的好处，故C项符合语境。 15.G　根据上下文可知，本段主要说明低碳生活方式对身心健康带来的好处，故G项符合语境。 16.D　本段主要说明选择低碳生活并非易事，我们会面对很多挑战——其中一大挑战是习惯和行为的改变。故D项适合作为本段的主题句。 17.F　结合下文中出现的Additionally以及Finally可知，本段主要就我们如何开始低碳生活提出具体建议，故F项符合语境。 23 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $