必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习教用word（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习资料紧扣词汇、语法、阅读、写作核心考点，按词块记忆、派生词汇、句式分析到语篇应用的逻辑架构组织内容，通过考点梳理（分类识记单词、集中突破短语）、方法指导（语境记忆法、构词规律总结）、真题训练（高考真题例句解析、阅读题实战演练）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破高频难点。 资料采用词块-语境-语篇螺旋上升教学法，如句式仿写环节选取高考真题原句，引导学生从结构分析到自主造句，提升语言能力与思维品质。设置基础巩固、能力提升、综合应用分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保复习效率。为教师提供系统复习框架，助力精准把控进度，有效提升学生应考能力。

写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.go downtown 去市中心 2.meet him afterwards 以后和他见面 3.earn a fortune 挣一大笔钱 4.be selected to take part in the oral English competition 被选中参加英语口语比赛 5.claim a major breakthrough 宣称一项重大突破 6.a series of pictures 一系列图画 7.escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 8.be fond of poetry 喜欢诗歌 9.with its mild climate all year round 全年气候温和 10.appeal to people to recycle materials 呼吁人们回收材料 11.depend on your parents for food and clothing 依靠你的父母提供衣食 12.have the good fortune to be chosen 很幸运被选中 13.people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 14.from different ethnic groups 来自不同民族 15.financial difficulties 财务困难 16.seek vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求；征求；试图；企图 ①seek a solution for 寻求解决……的办法 ②seek to scare the bear away试图把熊吓跑 语境记忆 17.occur vi.发生；出现 A bright idea suddenly occurred to the twins that they could make breakfast for their mother to celebrate Mother’s Day. 双胞胎突然想到了一个好主意，他们可以为妈妈做早餐来庆祝母亲节。 18.contain vt.包含；含有；容纳 The moment my teacher heard that I won the first prize in the writing contest， he could hardly contain his pride in me.　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 一听到我在写作大赛中获得一等奖的消息，我的老师无法抑制对我的自豪之情。 19.suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装 Please let me know what time suits you best.　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）请告诉我您何时最方便。 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.chip n.（英）炸土豆条；（美）炸薯片；芯片；碎片 2.cheese n.干酪；奶酪 3.spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 4.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 5.mission n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命 6.graffiti n.[pl.] 涂鸦；胡写乱画 7.comic n.连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的 8.china n.瓷；瓷器 9.jazz n.爵士乐 10.bar n.酒吧；小吃店；小馆子 11.diagram n.简图；图解；图表；示意图 12.Atlantic adj.大西洋的 13.jeans n.牛仔裤 14.boot n.靴子 15.mushroom n.蘑菇；蕈 16.accessory n.配饰；附件；配件 17.souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品 18.herbal adj.药草的；香草的 教材例句 19.（北师大必修第三册）In 1969， Tu Youyou was given the mission to set up a team to find a cure for malaria.　n.重要任务 20.（译林必修第三册）I kept a journal of my feelings， thoughts and daily activities to see how much progress I was making.　 n.日志；日记 21.（译林选择性必修第三册）At the initial stage of the Silk Road development， silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its light weight and high value.　n.一件商品（或物品） 派生词汇识记 1.diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性 2.fortune n.机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→（反义词）unfortunately adv.不幸地 3.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入（或加入）→admission n.准许进入；承认；入场费 4.historical adj.（有关）历史的→history n.历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的 5.earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earning n.收入；收益 6.immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入→immigration n.移居入境；移民 7.select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n.选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的 8.minority n.少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.次要的；较小的 9.financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→financially adv.金融上地；财政上地→finance n.财政；金融 10.poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n.诗人→poem n.诗歌 11.poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n.毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害 12.fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平→unfold vt.打开；展开 13.collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏 14.settle vt.& vi.定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷）→settlement n.解决；定居；协议→settler n.殖民者；移居者 15.construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构→construct vt.建设；建造 16.suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n.西服；套装→suitable adj.合适的；适当的→suitably adv.合适地 17.contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→container n.容器 第一组 1.head to　　　　 　　（朝……）前进；（向……）去 2.seek one’s fortune　　寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 3.earn a living　　谋生 4.bring about　　导致；引起 5.series of　　一系列或一连串（事件） 6.apart from　　除了……外（还）；此外 7.to name but a few　　仅举几例 8.（at） first hand　　第一手；亲自 第二组 1.traditional Chinese herbal medicine 传统中草药 2.up to 40 meters long　　长达40米 3.all year round　　一整年；全年 4.start a gold rush　　开始淘金热 5.a centre for art　　一个艺术中心 6.financial problems　　金融问题 7.the oldest collection of Chinese poetry　　中国最古老的诗集 8.experience a real taste of China　　体验真正的中国味道 9.a unique range of souvenirs　　一系列独特的纪念品 10.a real mix of cultures　　一种真正的文化融合 11.speak English fluently　　流利地说英语 1.句式：what引导宾语从句 原句：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. 没有人确切地知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。 2.句式：感叹句 原句：And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 3.句式：独立主格结构 原句：There are so many beautiful old buildings — many sitting on top of big hills， offering great views of the city， the ocean， and the Golden Gate Bridge. 这里有众多美丽的古建筑，不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。 4.句式：“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 原句：The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。 5.句式：what引导主语从句 原句：But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. 但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍惜的是唐人街的食物。 6.句式：there be句型；with复合结构 原句：There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste， with traditional dishes from all over China. 这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜肴，这些中国菜适合每个人的口味。 （一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快 阅读单词知意 请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。 □1.chip n.（英）炸土豆条；（美）炸薯片；芯片；碎片 □2.cheese n.干酪；奶酪 □3.spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 □4.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 □5.mission n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命 □6.graffiti n.[pl.] 涂鸦；胡写乱画 □7.comic n.连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的 □8.china n.瓷；瓷器 □9.jazz n.爵士乐 □10.bar n.酒吧；小吃店；小馆子 □11.diagram n.简图；图解；图表；示意图 □12.Atlantic adj.大西洋的 □13.jeans n.牛仔裤 □14.boot n.靴子 □15.mushroom n.蘑菇；蕈 □16.accessory n.配饰；附件；配件 □17.souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品 □18.herbal adj.药草的；香草的 核心单词练通 1.　definitely　 adv.肯定；确实 2.　downtown　 adv.在市中心；往市中心 3.　district　 n.地区；区域 4.　afterwards　 adv.以后；后来 5.　claim　 vt.& n.夺取（生命）；宣称；断言 6.　series　 n.一系列；连续；接连 7.　escape　 vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱 8.　poetry　 n.诗集；诗歌；诗作 9.　super　 adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的 10.　percentage　 n.百分率；百分比 11.　mild　 adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 12.　clothing　 n.衣服；服装 13.　neat　 adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的 14.（2024·1月浙江卷）Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures，read 　materials　 （材料） and contribute to online discussion boards. 15.（2024·九省联考）He feels that 　neat　 （整洁的） handwriting is still an important skill. 16.That night a terrible storm 　occurred　 （发生）， with the wind blowing and beating the house. 17.I’m 　selected　 （挑选） to represent our school to take part in the English debate competition because I have a good command of spoken English. 18.We yelled at the bear and hit glass bottles， 　seeking　 （试图） to scare the bear away. 拓展单词用活 1.　historical　 adj.（有关）历史的→　history　 n.历史→　historic　 adj.有历史意义的 2.　immigrant　 n.（外来）移民；外侨→　immigrate　 vi.移入；自外国移入→　immigration　 n.移居入境 3.　earn　 vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→　earning n.收入；收益 4.　minority　 n.少数民族；少数派；少数人→　minor　 adj.次要的；较小的 5.　financial　 adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→　finance　 n.财政；金融→　financially　 adv.金融上地 6.　poison　 n.毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害→　poisonous　 adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 7.　fold　 vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平→　unfold　 vt.打开；展开 8.　collection　 n.作品集；收集物；收藏品→　collect　 vt.搜集；收藏 9.　contain　 vt.包含；含有；容纳→　container　 n.容器 10.There are 　diverse　 cultures in our country， and it’s the 　diversity　 that makes our motherland wonderful.（diverse） 11.He went to America to seek his 　fortune　 and imagined he would be very 　fortunate　， but 　unfortunately　， he couldn’t even make ends meet.（fortune） 12.With the problems 　settled　， they finally reached a new 　settlement　.（settle） 13.The workers are 　constructing　 the bridge damaged by the flood， and the bridge under 　construction　 connects the road with the town.（construct） （二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效 先写对 1.　head to　 　　　　（朝……）前进；（向……）去 2.　seek one’s fortune　　　寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 3.　earn a living　　　谋生 4.　bring about　　　导致；引起 5.　series of　　　 　　一系列或一连串（事件） 6.　apart from　　　　　除了……外（还）；此外 7.　to name but a few　　　仅举几例 8.　（at） first hand　　　第一手；亲自 9.　join ...to ...　　　把……连接在一起 再用准 根据语境选用上面短语填空 1.Eventually， tai chi 　brings about　 a state of physical balance and mental peace. 2.（2023·全国甲卷）He spared no effort to carry out 　a series of　 reforms to make his country prosperous. 3.With popcorn filling a large basket， the little boy 　headed to　 the nearby market in high spirits. 4.It was not long before they left their village to try their luck and 　seek their fortune　 in the south during the gold rush. （三）破解构词密码——知规律·巧记忆 名词后缀-（i）ty 密码解读 规则 多数直接加 有e去e加 词尾若是ble，变化都要仿能力 还有几个是例外，特殊变形强化记 例词 majority 多数 minority 少数 similarity 相似点 nationality 国籍 reality 现实 ①active→activity 活动 ②creative→creativity 创造力 ③diverse→diversity 多样性 ①able→ability 能力 ②disable→disability 障碍 ③possible→possibility 可能性 ④stable→stability 稳定性 ①curious→curiosity 好奇心 ②generous→generosity 慷慨 ③prosperous→prosperity 繁荣 ④necessary→necessity 必要性 即时演练 1.We must recognize the value of diverse perspectives and ideas if we hope to build a society that embraces 　diversity　 （diverse） and promotes innovation and progress. 2.I know we still have a long way to go to achieve social 　equality　 （equal）. 3.With its unique integration of traditional and modern elements， Zibo has gained great 　popularity　 （popular）， attracting a growing number of visitors. （四）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高 句型公式 句式仿写 1.句型公式：感叹句 教材原句：And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 1.主题为“自律”的调查多么有意义、多么重要呀！ 　What a meaningful and important survey　 with a theme of “self-discipline”！ 句型公式 句式仿写 2.句型公式：“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 教材原句：The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese， many of whom do not speak English fluently. 2.正如宣传的那样，将有150多件展品，其中大部分记录和展示了乡村景观的独特魅力和传统。 As is advertised， there will be more than 150 exhibits， 　most of which record and present the unique charm　 of the landscape as well as traditions in the countryside. 3.句型公式：what引导主语从句 教材原句：But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. 3.你的话给了我很大的鼓励，激发了我写作的动力。 　What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement　， which inspired my motivation for writing.　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破 　　It occurs to me that you will head 　　　　❶ Guizhou， so I’d like to recommend Fanjingshan to you. It is now generally admitted to be not only a famous tourist 　　　　 （attract）❷ in Guizhou but also one of the Five Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. Aside from❸ that， it is home to over 2，000 species of plants and hundreds of endangered animals.What a beautiful tourist attraction it is！ I do hope you can come to Guizhou and take a look at Fanjingshan with your own eyes. If you’d like to come， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （提前告诉我什么时间对你来说最合适）❹. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　to/for　。 2.②处应填　attraction　。 3.③处短语Aside from与本单元短语　Apart from　 同义。 4.④处应填　let me know what time suits you best in advance　。 occur vi.发生；出现 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①（2023·1月浙江卷）Memories with the hummingbird occurred 　to　 me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path. ②A good idea occurred to me 　that　 I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission. 【写美】 微写作 ③妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。 　It occurred to/struck/hit Mother that　 she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before. 【归纳】 （1）sth occurs to sb　　　　某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb that ...　　某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth　　某人突然想起做某事 （2）occurrence n.　　发生；出现 【佳句】 It never occurred to him that he might have left his keys inside the house before he locked himself out.他从来没有想到他可能在把自己锁在外面之前把钥匙忘在屋里了。 【联想】 表示“某人想到……”的句式： （1）idea/thought/ ...＋hit/struck sb； （2）It suddenly hit/struck sb＋that从句，其中It为形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。 admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入（或加入） 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①　Being admitted　 （admit） to a key university doesn’t necessarily mean you will succeed in your future life. ②She apologised to her teacher and admitted 　breaking/having broken　 （break） a piece of equipment in the lab by mistake. 【写美】 微写作 ③程老师既幽默又有耐心，被认为是最优秀的老师之一。 Being humorous and patient，Mr Cheng 　was admitted to be one of the best teachers　. 【归纳】 （1）be admitted into/to被录取；被接收 （2）admit doing sth/having done sth 承认做过某事 admit that ...　　承认…… admit sb/sth to be＋adj./n.　　承认某人/某物（事）为…… （3）admission n.　　承认；供认；入场费 【佳句】 Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University，I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations to you. 得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。 　　I went to Dali， Yunnan Province， a district of diverse minorities.At first， I thought there would be a large percentage of ancient 　　　　 （construct）❶.There are many ethnic minorities， many of 　　　　 ❷ are immigrants from other places.Some come to seek their fortune or to earn a living while others settle down 　　　　 （escape）❸ from the cold north of China.Unfortunately， I lost my bag 　　　　 （contain）❹ my passport， ID card and some money， which brought about serious problems. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　constructions　。 2.②处应填　whom　。 3.③处应填　to escape　。 4.④处应填　containing　。 句型公式：“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 【教材原句】 The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese， many of whom do not speak English fluently. 唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。 【写美】 句式升级 ①Besides， working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students.Many of them have emotional control issues. →Besides， working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，　many of whom have emotional control issues　.　（定语从句） ②The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， and most of them are beyond our control. →The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， 　most of which are　 beyond our control.　（定语从句） 【归纳】 （1）one/two/several/most/each/all ...＋of which/whom ... （2）the＋n.＋of which/whom ...（该结构一般可与“whose＋n.”互换） 以上两个句式中只能用关系词which （指物）、whom （指人），不可以用who或that。 【佳句】 Our school will organise two travel routes to Beijing， both of which are very fascinating. 我们学校将组织两条到北京的旅游线路，这两条线路都非常迷人。 【点津】 介词提前的定语从句先行词指人时用whom引导；先行词指物时用which引导。 settle vt.& vi.定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷） 【练通】 单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Having waved goodbye to him， I headed for the bus， leaving him behind with a promise 　to settle　 （settle） the fare upon my return. ②Bernard settled down to 　learning　 （learn） how to make popcorn after selling out the first basket of popcorn. 【写美】 微写作 ③他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，坐在草地上，欣赏着周围令人惊叹的景象。 They dashed out of the car， put up the tent and 　settled down on the grass　， enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights. 【归纳】 （1）settle sth　　　　　解决某事 settle down　　安顿下来；（使）平静下来 settle （down） to （doing） sth　　开始专心于；着手认真做 settle in ...　　在……居住 settle in/into sth　　适应/习惯于某事（新家、工作、环境等） （2）settlement n.　　解决；处理 settler n.　　移居者；殖民者 【佳句】 Learning that you have so many problems to settle every day，I suggest that you （should） settle down to considering which one is the most urgent.　（建议信） 得知你每天有许多问题要解决，我建议你开始认真考虑哪个问题是最紧急的。 Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全 维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义 1.claim A.vt.宣称　　　B.vt.索回　　　C.n.要求 D.vt.认领　　E.vt.夺走（生命） ①Heart disease is the biggest killer， claiming 180，000 lives per year.　　　E　 ②It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.　　　A　 ③You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.　　　B　 ④He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim.　　　C　 ⑤If the owner doesn’t claim the dog in 48 hours，you can apply for adoption.　　　D　 2.词义猜测 ①（2023·全国乙卷）If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.　　vt.使重现　 ②（2022·全国乙卷）Admission to lectures is free. 　　n.入场费；门票费　 ③Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.　　n.物品　 ④The media training industry has mushroomed over the past decade.　　vi.迅速成长；大量涌现　 ⑤Bob looked back，only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.　　vt.被遗忘　 维度二 写作词汇夯实　——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配 单句语法填空 1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with 　historical　 （history） buildings of the past. 2.　Containing　 （contain） rich natural and cultural relics， Mount Tai has been listed on the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. 3.The players 　selected　 （select） from the whole country are faced with great challenges， but they are training hard 　to be admitted　 （admit） as athletes in the Olympics. 4.As planned， we are to gather at the gate of our school， and there will be a bus 　waiting　 （wait） for us. 5.As the night fell， James’ uneasiness turned to despair， 　realising　 （realise） that help was not coming as soon as he had hoped. 6.A bright idea suddenly 　occurred　 （occur） to me that I could use the money 　earned　 （earn） last month to buy him a gift. 7.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Xiao long bao （soup dumplings）， those amazing 　constructions　 （construct） of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， tasty soup and sweet， fresh meat， are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能 推荐信——旅游景点 　　假定你是李华，你的英国好友Peter要去吉林旅游，请你给他写一封邮件推荐长白山。 第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球 1.我忽然想到你要去吉林，所以我想向你推荐长白山。　（occur； head to） 　It occurs to me that you will head to Jilin， so I’d like to recommend Changbai Mountain to you.　 2.人们公认它不仅是著名的旅游景点，而且是中国最大的自然保护区。　（it is admitted that ...） 　It is admitted that not only is it a famous tourist attraction， but it is also China’s largest nature reserve.　 3.陆地高度从海拔700米到2，000多米不等。　（range from ...to ...） 　The height of the land ranges from 700 meters to over 2，000 meters above sea level.　 4.除此之外，它还是多种珍稀动植物的家园。　（apart from， diversity） 　Apart from that， it is home to a great/wide/rich diversity of rare plants and animals.　 5.那里有一系列景点能让你感到放松。在山里散步并沐浴温泉，感觉美极了。　（a series of； it作形式主语） 　A series of tourist spots can make you feel relaxed there.It feels good to walk in the mountains and bathe in a hot spring.　 6.据说，该地区最受欢迎的景点是天池。　（claim； district） 　It is claimed that the most popular tourist attraction in the district is Tianchi.　 第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目 Dear Peter， 　　　It occurs to me that you will head to Jilin， so I’d like to recommend Changbai Mountain to you.　 　It is admitted that not only is it a famous tourist attraction， but it is also China’s largest nature reserve.The height of the land ranges from 700 meters to over 2，000 meters above sea level.Apart from that， it is home to a great/wide/rich diversity of rare plants and animals.In addition， a series of tourist spots can make you feel relaxed there.It feels good to walk in the mountains and bathe in a hot spring.It is claimed that the most popular tourist attraction in the district is Tianchi.　 Yours， 　Li Hua 厚积薄发，下笔有神 亮词 情感描写：fortune n.→fortunate adj.→unfortunate adj.， mild， feel good， excited， super， cool， sound great 动作描写：admit， occur， head to， seek， earn a living， select， claim， escape， fold， settle， suit， experience traditional Chinese culture first hand， experience a real taste of China， practise tai chi 美句 ①I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.　（情感描写） ②I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.　（动作描写） ③Many others found jobs on farms， joined the gold rush， or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country.　（动作描写） ④The climate is mild all year round， meaning it is always a good time to visit.　（环境描写） 情感描写之“吃惊” 词汇 美句 单词 形容词/副词：astonished， amazed， surprised， shocked， astonishing， amazing， surprising， shocking，surprisingly， amazingly ①A look of surprise flashed across my face when Mary grabbed a small piece of tofu and ate it. 当玛丽抓起一小块豆腐吃了起来时，我的脸上掠过一丝惊讶。 ②I stared at them with wide eyes as they were going on about how lucky I was that my mom took the time to prepare a cooked meal for me. 我睁大眼睛盯着他们，他们继续说我的妈妈花时间给我做饭，我是多么幸运。 ③His eyes grew wide/widened in surprise/astonishment when he heard the news. 听到这个消息后，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 名词/动词：shock， astonishment， surprise， amazement， amaze， astonish 词块 ①in disbelief 难以置信地 ②come as a shock to sb ……让某人很震惊 ③be speechless with shock 震惊得说不出话 ④to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊讶的是 ⑤in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement 吃惊地/震惊地/惊讶地 情境导语 一场龙卷风袭击了附近的一个小镇，人们陷入痛苦和恐慌……　 第一步　完成句子 1.令人们非常震惊的是，龙卷风袭击了附近的一个小镇。 　Much to people’s shock　， a tornado occurred in a small town nearby. 2.听到这个坏消息，玛丽惊得呆住了，动弹不得。　（动词短语） Hearing the bad news， 　Mary froze with shock　， as if rooted to the ground. 3.玛丽把这个消息告诉了孩子们，问他们是否愿意和那些不幸的人分享他们所拥有的东西。 　Mary shared the news with her children　， and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate. 4.令她惊讶的是，孩子们都愿意捐赠一些东西。　（形容词） 　She was amazed/surprised/astonished that　 all the children were willing to donate something. 5.当安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里时，她哥哥脸上闪过一丝惊奇。他瞪大眼睛看着她。 When Anne placed her favourite toy in the box， 　a spark of surprise flashed across her brother’s face　.　He stared at her with wide eyes　. 6.他一言不发地回到自己的房间，拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。　（动作描写） Without a word， 　he went back to his room and ran back with his favourite toy to the living room　. 7.玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了她的举动意味着什么。　（形容词作状语） 　Astonished/Surprised/Amazed　， Mary realised that he had also recognised what her action meant. 第二步　连句成文 　　　Much to people’s shock， a tornado occurred in a small town nearby.Hearing the bad news， Mary froze with shock， as if rooted to the ground. Then， Mary shared the news with her children， and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate.She was amazed/surprised/astonished that all the children were willing to donate something.When Anne placed her favourite toy in the box， a spark of surprise flashed across her brother’s face. He stared at her with wide eyes. Without a word， he went back to his room and ran back with his favourite toy to the living room. Astonished/Surprised/Amazed， Mary realised that he had also recognised what her action meant.　 　　（2023·全国甲卷阅读理解D）Grizzly bears， which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg， occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere （敬畏） them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see， and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more， they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came， with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s， after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers， 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975， grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today， there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies， which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now， grizzlies remain listed. Obviously， if precautions （预防） aren’t taken， grizzlies can become troublesome， sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites， grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean， attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel， longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32.How do Americans look at grizzlies？（　　） A.They cause mixed feelings in people. B.They should be kept in national parks. C.They are of high scientific value. D.They are a symbol of American culture. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们对灰熊既害怕又敬畏。由此可知，人们对它们的情感是复杂的。 33.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？（　　） A.The European settlers’ behavior. B.The expansion of bears’ range. C.The protection by law since 1975. D.The support of Native Americans. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的In 1975， grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.和第四段中的Today， there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.可以推断，灰熊的数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关。 34.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies？（　　） A.The opposition of conservation groups. B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. C.The voice of the biologists. D.The local farmers’ advocates. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局将灰熊从美国濒危物种名单上除名。 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If people remove food and attractants ...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处。 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.weigh v.　　　　　　　　称重，重 2.occupy v.　　占据，占领 3.tourist n.　　游客 4.biologist n.　　生物学家 5.cruel adj.　　残酷的 6.endangered adj.　　濒临灭绝的 7.attempt v.　　尝试 8.conservation n.　　保护，保存 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.re-occupy v.[派生词] 重新占领 （re-＋occupy） 2.longtime adj.[合成词] 长时间的 （long＋time） 3.wildlife n.[合成词] 野生生物 （wild＋life） 4.troublesome adj.[派生词] 麻烦的 （trouble＋-some） 5.continuous adj.[派生词] 连续的 （continue＋-ous） 6.settler n.[派生词] 定居者 [settle＋-（e）r] 7.conservation n.[派生词] 保护，保存 （conserve＋-ation） 8.effective adj.[派生词] 有效的 （effect＋-ive） （三）由文本积主题词块 1.former range　　以前的活动范围 2.legal protections　　法律保护 3.conservation groups　　保护团体 4.farm animals 　　农场动物 5.attractant-free place 　　无引诱物的地方 6.around the world 　　世界各地 7.in search of food 　　寻找食物 8.pass by without trouble　　毫无麻烦地通过 （四）由文本知变式运用 1.近义替换（用文中的词汇替换） ①take up a conflicted corner→　occupy　 ②enlarge their range→　expand　 2.熟词生义（文中生义） flood [熟义] n.洪水； [生义] v.涌入 Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. （五）由文本学靓丽表达 1.As grizzly bears 　expand their range　 （拓展它们的领地） into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more， they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. 2.Obviously， if precautions aren’t taken， grizzlies can 　become troublesome　 （变得麻烦）， sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. 3.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters 　is also highly effective　（也是十分有效的） at getting grizzlies away. （六）由文本学长难句分析 　Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 结构分析：这是一个复合句。句子主干为　主系表　结构；that引导　结果　状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies。 参考译文：　它们的数量恢复十分成功，美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局已经两次试图将灰熊从保护名单中移除，这将减少对它们的法律保护并允许猎杀它们。　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·福州联考）In 2016， British historian， author and broadcaster Michael Wood presented a series called The Story of China and made a film about the man who first inspired his love of the country， the 8th-century poet Du Fu. 　　The film， Du Fu： China’s Greatest Poet， has now inspired a book， In the Footsteps of Du Fu， recounting Wood’s travels while making it.He said it was a journey he was more than happy to retrace with viewers and readers， to enlighten them about his passion for Chinese culture. 　　China has the longest tradition of poetic writing in the world， and Wood said that it is this continuity and respect that has helped keep the works of Du Fu， written 1，300 years ago， so relevant and so admired in the 21st century. 　　“The majority of his work is from the period after the An Lushan Rebellion （755）， which caused disaster when he was forced to take to the road with his family.” 　　“He’s not the only poet to live through disasters and write about them， but he’s the first to become the voice of his time，” he said.“He talks about surviving natural disasters and war， and what it’s like to be a refugee （难民）.He was writing about the sort of scenes we still see all around the world in the modern day because he’d lived them himself.He took the part of the ordinary people， that’s a huge part of his story.” 　　Wood’s films have been screened in China， where he said audiences were interested and very receptive to see his outsider’s view of their own culture and history. 　　“I’m trying to extend knowledge of China in a sympathetic way， so when we sat down to start planning The Story of China， I said to the team that the key thing was that there should be empathy — I wanted viewers all over the world to think that they would like to be there with us.That’s the most important thing， everything else will just follow，” he said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。2016年，英国历史学家、作家和广播员迈克尔·伍德制作了一部名为Du Fu： China’s Greatest Poet的电影。最近，他又出版了一部名为In the Footsteps of Du Fu的图书。 1.What is In the Footsteps of Du Fu mainly about？（　　） A.The life experience of Du Fu. B.A collection of Du Fu’s poems. C.Michael Wood’s personal journey. D.Michael Wood’s comments on Du Fu. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，《追寻杜甫的足迹》一书主要讲述了迈克尔·伍德创作电影时的旅行经历。 2.What makes Du Fu’s poems relevant in the 21st century？（　　） A.Making documentaries. B.Writing books on Du Fu. C.The tradition of writing poems. D.The practice of reciting poems. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，中国拥有世界上最悠久的诗歌创作传统，伍德说，正是这种传承和敬畏，使杜甫1，300年前的作品在21世纪仍然如此重要和受人钦佩。 3.What was special about Du Fu according to Michael Wood？（　　） A.He lived in an age of wars. B.He voiced the people’s suffering. C.He went through serious disasters. D.He wrote the largest number of poems. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，迈克尔·伍德认为：杜甫不是唯一一个经历灾难并将其写下来的诗人，但他是第一个成为那个时代代言人的诗人；另外，他代表了广大普通民众。 4.What did Michael Wood pay special attention to when making The Story of China？ （　　） A.Visiting museums. B.Interviewing experts. C.Researching into historical facts. D.Putting himself in others’ shoes. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，迈克尔·伍德表示：“我试图以一种共情的方式扩展对中国的了解，所以当我们坐下来开始策划《中国故事》时，我对团队说，最为关键的是要有同理心。”由此推知，迈克尔·伍德策划《中国故事》时特别注意的是换位思考。 B 　　（2025·南通模拟）Thousands of writers including Nora Roberts， Viet Thanh Nguyen， Michael Chabon and Margaret Atwood have signed a letter asking artificial intelligence companies like OpenAI and Meta to stop using their work without permission or compensation （赔偿）. 　　It’s the latest in a volley of counter-offensives the literary world has launched in recent weeks against AI.But protecting writers from the negative impacts of these technologies is not easy. 　　According to a report from The Authors Guild， the median income for a full-time writer last year was $23，000.And writers’ incomes declined by 42％ between 2009 and 2019. 　　The appearance of text-based generative AI applications like GPT-4 and Bard， which use authors’ content without permission or compensation and then use it to produce new content in response to users’ prompts， is giving writers across the country even more cause for worry. 　　“There’s no urgent need for AI to write a novel，” said Alexander Chee， the bestselling author of novels like Edinburgh and The Queen of the Night.“The only people who might need that are the people who object to paying writers what they’re worth.” Chee is among the nearly 8，000 authors who just signed a letter addressed to the leaders of six AI companies including OpenAI， Alphabet and Meta. 　　“It says it’s not fair to use our stuff in your AI without permission or payment，” said Mary Rasenberger， CEO of The Author’s Guild.The non-profit writers’ advocacy organization created the letter， and sent it out to the AI companies on Monday.“So please start compensating us and talking to us.” 　　Rasenberger said the guild is trying to get these companies to settle without suing （起诉） them.“Lawsuits are a tremendous amount of money，” Rasenberger said.“They take a really long time.” But some literary figures are willing to fight the tech companies in court. 　　Gina Maccoby is a literary agent in New York.She says going to court is a necessary step towards getting writers a fair shake.“It has to happen，” Maccoby said.“That’s the only way these things are settled.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国数千名作家签署了一封公开信，要求OpenAI和Meta等人工智能公司在未经许可或未付报酬的情况下停止使用他们的作品。 5.Why did thousands of writers sign a letter？（　　） A.To improve their incomes. B.To protect their lawful rights. C.To limit the development of AI. D.To stop AI from producing content. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这些作家签署了一封公开信，其诉求是OpenAI和Meta等人工智能公司在未经许可或未付报酬的情况下停止使用他们的作品。显然他们这么做是为了保护他们的合法权益。 6.What do we know about writers’ financial situation？（　　） A.It’s becoming better. B.It’s becoming worse. C.It remains unchanged. D.It faces an uncertain future. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，美国作家协会发布的一份报告显示，去年美国全职作家的收入中位数为2.3万美元。从2009年到2019年，作家的收入下降了42％。 7.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 mean？（　　） A.Paying writers. B.The bestselling author. C.AI’s writing a novel. D.AI’s using authors’ content. 解析：C　代词指代题。根据第五段可知，作家Alexander Chee前面指出：“目前我们并不需要利用人工智能写小说。”他接着说：“唯一有此需要的可能是那些反对按作家的价值支付报酬的人。”显然，这里的that指代上文提到的“利用人工智能写小说”。 8.On which issue are Mary Rasenberger and Gina Maccoby divided？（　　） A.Whether to take legal action. B.Whether to compensate writers. C.Whether to punish the tech companies. D.Whether to allow AI to use writers’ work. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Mary Rasenberger不主张起诉这些人工智能公司，而Gina Maccoby认为打官司是维护作家权益必须采取的措施。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·成都联考）Uwe Kräuter is a German who came to China in the 1970s. He translated the script of The Teahouse into German， a well-known work by Chinese playwright Lao She， and 　9　 the play’s public performance in Germany， making his 　10　 to the cultural exchanges between the two countries. 　　“I’d seen The Teahouse several times， because the philosophy of life it 　11　 made me think of myself，” Kräuter said. “Lao She 　12　 together the fates of several generations all connected with one teahouse in Beijing and all the 　13　 were condensed （浓缩） into a few hours of drama. It’s simply amazing and I 　14　 to take the Chinese play and cast to Germany.” 　　At the mere mention of his 　15　， his friends were all taken by surprise. “How can Germans 　16　 understand Chinese drama？ You’re 　17　！” they said. But Kräuter did not budge （妥协）. In his spare time， he translated The Teahouse’s script into German. At the same time， he tried to 　18　 the Mannheim National Theater， one of the oldest playhouses in Germany. 　　To Kräuter’s 　19　， Mannheim said “yes”. After some preparations， The Teahouse finally took to the German stage， which also 　20　 the overseas debut （首演） of modern Chinese drama. 　　“The play 　21　 to be a huge success. It was unbelievable that the audience was completely immersed in the plot and 　22　. At the curtain call， the theater rang with thunderous applause，” Kräuter remembered. 　　The enthusiastic reviews weren’t 　23　 to ordinary audience， but also reached media outlets. Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung hailed The Teahouse as “a miracle from the Eastern stage”. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自德国的Uwe Kräuter尝试把中国著名戏剧《茶馆》推向德国市场，结果大获成功。他为中德两国的文化交流作出了重大贡献。 9.A.proposed　　 B.improved C.facilitated　　 D.confirmed 解析：C　根据下文可知，Uwe Kräuter做了大量工作，促进了戏剧《茶馆》在德国的上演。 10.A.donation　　 B.decision C.contribution　　 D.reputation 解析：C　根据上文the play’s public performance in Germany可知，Uwe Kräuter为中德两国的文化交流作出了贡献。 11.A.conveyed　　 B.promoted C.reminded　　 D.indicated 解析：A　这里it conveyed是一个省略了which/that的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the philosophy of life，表示“它所表达/传递的人生哲学”。 12.A.mixed　　 B.tied C.joined　　 D.pulled 解析：B　老舍把几代人的命运都与北京的一家茶馆联系在一起。 tie字面意思是“绑；系”，这里引申为“联系”。 13.A.facts　　 B.numbers C.actions　　 D.events 解析：D　在《茶馆》中，所有的事件都被浓缩在几个小时的戏剧里。 14.A.decided　　 B.demanded C.requested　　 D.managed 解析：A　上文Kräuter对《茶馆》作了高度评价，因此他决定将《茶馆》搬到德国舞台上去。 15.A.point　　 B.reason C.concept　　 D.idea 解析：D　上文提到的“将《茶馆》搬到德国舞台上去”是Kräuter的一个想法。 16.A.possibly　　 B.naturally C.formally　　 D.basically 解析：A　根据上文his friends were all taken by surprise可知，他周围的朋友都对他的想法表示吃惊。因此他们说：“德国人怎么可能理解中国戏剧？你这是在做梦！” 17.A.lying　　 B.dreaming C.cheating　　 D.thinking 解析：B　参见上题解析。 18.A.discover　　 B.persuade C.contact　　 D.change 解析：C　根据下文Mannheim said “yes”可知，Kräuter努力跟德国的曼海姆国家剧院联系。 19.A.doubt　　 B.delight C.regret　　 D.disappointment 解析：B　由于曼海姆国家剧院答应了Kräuter的请求，他自然是非常高兴的。 20.A.proved　　 B.reflected C.stated　　 D.marked 解析：D　《茶馆》最终登上了德国的舞台，这也标志着中国现代戏剧首次在海外亮相。 21.A.turned out　　 B.took out C.made out　　 D.worked out 解析：A　根据下文the theater rang with thunderous applause可知，《茶馆》结果是取得了巨大的成功。turn out结果是。 22.A.condition　　 B.environment C.performance　　 D.structure 解析：C　令人难以置信的是，观众完全沉浸在情节和表演中。谢幕时，剧院里响起雷鸣般的掌声。 23.A.referred　　 B.devoted C.provided　　 D.limited 解析：D　对于《茶馆》的成功演出，热情的评论不限于普通观众，媒体也给予了高度评价。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·西安模拟）Dream of the Red Chamber， also 24.　　　　　　 （know） as A Dream of Red Mansions， The Story of the Stone， or Chronicles of the Stone， is one of the masterpieces of Chinese fiction.The novel is generally acknowledged to be the 25.　　　　　　 （great） of all Chinese novels. 　　The writer shows deep sympathy 26.　　　　　　 the victims of feudal oppression （封建压迫）， especially women like Daiyu and maids like Qingwen and Yuanyang.At the same time， he mercilessly exposes the true nature of the oppressors.All 27.　　　　　　 events described in the novel point to the fact that feudalism， which had lasted for 2，000 years， was becoming rotten， and was about to start going downhill.The Jia family is a mirror 28.　　　　　　 reflects this historical process. 　　The content and meaning of the novel are 29.　　　　　　 rich and deep that a special kind of learning generally called “Red Studies” started shortly after the novel 30.　　　　　　 （publish）， and has been continued to this day.Various 31.　　　　　　 （theory） have been put forward about the author and the novel.Even many details of the story have been explained in different ways by scholars. 　　Even today， many Chinese scholars devote their lifetime to 32.　　　　　　 （study） Dream of the Red Chamber.And there 33.　　　　　　 （be） many professional writers and also fans of Cao’s novel who are trying to rewrite the last 40 chapters of the “Dream”. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国“四大名著”之一——《红楼梦》。 24.known　考查非谓语动词。这里表示《红楼梦》以其他名称被人们所知，因此用表达被动概念的过去分词。 25.greatest　考查形容词最高级。本空前面的the以及本空后面的of all Chinese novels暗示这里应用形容词的最高级形式。 26.for　考查介词。show/feel/have sympathy for sb是固定搭配，表示“对某人产生同情”。 27.the　考查冠词。这里的events特指小说中提到的事件，因此用定冠词the。 28.that/which　考查定语从句。这里由关系代词that/which引导一个定语从句，that/which在从句中作主语。 29.so　考查连词。so ...that ...是固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。 30.was published　考查时态和语态。该小说是在过去“被出版”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。 31.theories　考查名词复数。前面的Various一词暗示这里的名词需用复数形式。 32.studying　考查非谓语动词。devote ...to doing sth是固定句式，表示“致力于做某事”。 33.are　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，这里在描述现存的客观事实，因此应用一般现在时。 22 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $