专题04 阅读理解（记叙文+新闻报道）（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（记叙文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 1．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 3．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） In the days of good King Harry the Second of England, there were certain forests in the north country used by the King to hunt. These forests were cared for and guarded by the King’s Foresters. One of these royal forests was Sherwood, near the town of Nottingham. In this forest lived Hugh Fitzooth, Sherwood’s head forester. He lived there with his wife and son Robert. The boy had been born in Lockesley town, so he was called Rob of Lockesley. He was a handsome and strong boy. As soon as he could walk, he delighted in going into the forest with his father. From his father, he learned to use the longbow. His loving mother, who was from a noble family, taught him to read and write. Rob learned these lessons well, but he was happiest walking in the forest with his bow in hand. Rob’s happiness soon ended because his father had enemies. One of these enemies was the Sheriff of Nottingham. One day, the Sheriff convinced King Harry that Rob’s father had criticized the King in public. Hugh was arrested for betrayal to the country and sent to jail. Rob and his mother were kicked out of their house. Rob’s mother died of shock, and Rob went to live with his uncle, Sir Gamwell. Soon after, Rob got the news that his father had died in prison. Sir Gamwell was a kind man who gladly took care of Rob. Many years later, he said, “Rob, there is a chance for you to use that bow for a good purpose. There is an archery (射箭) contest at a fair in Nottingham: The first prize is a golden arrow.” Rob’s eyes lit up. “I would like a chance to compete,” he said. “And perhaps I could win a place as a forester even if I don’t win first prize.” “Now I can see that you are more suited to spend your days walking under the trees,” said Sir Gamwell. “Good luck to you, lad.” The next day, Rob set off. It was midmorning when he came across a group of men. Immediately, he saw the man who had replaced his father as head forester. He was a good friend of the Sheriff of Nottingham. Rob decided not to say anything and kept walking. But the head forester, who did not recognize Rob, spoke up. “Where are you going, boy, with your cheap bow and toy arrows? Do you think you have a chance at the fair? Hahaha!” Rob felt a sudden rage. “My bow is as good as yours,” he said to the head forester. The head forester replied, “Then show us some of your skill, boy. I’ll bet you twenty silver coins that you cannot hit the mark I choose.” “Name your mark,” said Rob. “I accept your challenge.” The head forester pointed to a group of deer far away. Quicker than a flash, Rob took the bow from his back and let an arrow fly. It pierced the heart of the leading deer. Then the head forester pretended to be angry and yelled, “Foolish boy! Do you know you have killed one of the King’s deer? The penalty is death! Get out of here, and do not show me your face again!” Rob replied angrily, “Fine, for I have seen your face too often. You are the one who wrongly took my father’s job!” With that, Rob turned and walked away. The head forester suddenly realized who Rob was and knew he was an enemy. He picked up his bow and shot an arrow at Rob’s back. Rob escaped from it. Quickly, Rob sent an arrow back. The head forester fell forward, dead as he hit the ground. In that second, Rob turned and disappeared into the forest. 5．What was Rob like when he was a little boy? A．He showed little interest in reading and writing. B．He was determined to be a forester in the place of his father when he reached adulthood. C．He inspected the forest with his father on a daily basis. D．Physically strong, he loved archery very much. 6．Which of the following words shares the similar meaning with the underlined word in the passage? A．Disappointment. B．Anger. C．Shock. D．Excitement. 7．What led to Rob’s disappearing into the forest? A．The death of his parents having left Rob as an orphan living in solitude. B．Being tricked by the forester into killing one of the king’s deer. C．His strong desire to show others that his archery was the best. D．His killing the forester in defense of his own life. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 8．What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A．It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B．It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C．It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D．It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 9．The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A．cashing his traveler’s cheques B．packing everything into his luggage C．waiting for a taxi to send him there D．choosing suitable clothes to wear 10．By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A．puzzled B．amazed C．worried D．relieved 11．Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A．To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B．To show the girl how angry he was with her. C．To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D．To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市行知中学·期末） Lucy Maud Montgomery (1874-1942) was one of the best-known Canadian authors of the 20th century. Her first novel, Anne of Green Gables, published in 1908, brought her quick fame and success, which encouraged her to continue the story of the heroine, Anne Shirley. Anne of Green Gables was followed by several books about Anne’s life, her children as well as her family and friends. These books cover the life of Anne from her childhood to her old age. Montgomery grew up in Prince Edward Island, Canada, the same location where the story of Anne of Green Gables took place. Montgomery’s mother passed away when she was a baby, and her father left her with her grandparents when she was still a child. Fond of imagination, nature, and writing, Montgomery started to write poems and keep a diary when she was nine years old. Just like Anne Shirley, Montgomery studied in Prince of Wales College for her teacher’s license. Then she studied literature at Dalhousie University. After that, she worked as a teacher. Though she did not enjoy teaching, it afforded her time to write. Beginning in 1897, her short stories were published in magazines and newspapers. In 1898, she stopped teaching and returned to Cavendish to live with her grandmother. While Montgomery’s teaching career ended, her writing career didn’t. After Anne of Green Gables, Montgomery published about 20 novels, 530 short stories, and 500 poems, all of which have influenced readers generation after generation. 12．What was the focus of the books that followed Anne of Green Gables? A．Anne Shirley’s life and her family. B．The education system in Canada. C．Lucy Maud Montgomery’s own life. D．The history of Prince Edward Island. 13．Why did Lucy Maud Montgomery start to write at a young age? A．Because she had a natural talent for writing. B．Because she was encouraged by her parents. C．Because she wanted to become a famous writer. D．Because she was fond of imagination and nature. 14．How did Montgomery’s education contribute to her writing career? A．She studied literature, which influenced her writing style. B．She got a teaching license, which provided her with income. C．She studied in Prince of Wales College, where she got inspired. D．She attended Dalhousie University, where she made connections. 15．Which of the following best describes Montgomery’s writing career? A．It was limited to a few novels and short stories. B．It focused mainly on poems rather than novels. C．It lasted over 40 years and included a wide range of works. D．It was unfortunately interrupted by teaching responsibilities. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） The Merci Train On February 3,1949, New York Harbor (纽约港) was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. There was one boxcar for each of the existing 48 states and one to be shared by Columbia and Hawaii. These boxcars became known as the Merci Train. Following the end of World War II, France was almost in ruin. Factories, roads, bridges, and farms had been destroyed by bombings. Many French had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children’s drawings, even wedding dresses. The people sent the most treasured things that had not been lost in the war. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful. On each, the French had painted the coats of arms of all their 40 provinces. These boxcars, which had once been used to move soldiers into battle, would never again be used for war. The boxcars were then delivered by rail from New York to each state. Both children and adults waited eagerly for the Merci Train to arrive. Everyone wondered what their state’ s boxcar would contain. When the boxcars arrived and the contents were displayed, there were celebrations everywhere. Speeches were given, parades were held, and the news of the event was broadcast. A number of the states kept their wonderful boxcars. Some have been carefully maintained and can be visited. Gifts can still be seen at state museums and historical societies. The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. 16．The author attracts the reader’s interest in the first paragraph by ________. A．introducing an unfamiliar object B．including the names of specific places C．using descriptive language to set the scene D．presenting a controversial statement 17．According to the passage, the purpose of the train stopping in cities across America in1947 was to ________. A．collect donations B．gather soldiers for battle C．show museum exhibits D．display factory products 18．The arrival of the Merci Train in America signaled that France was ________. A．fascinated by the railway station B．competing with the Americans C．interested in learning about America D．recovering from the effects of the war 19．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．These wonderful boxcars will be exhibited globally. B．The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. C．The exchange between France and America solved most war-related problems. D．The donations from America to France came mostly from the rich. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市大同中学·期末） One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there. Recently a video was shared of a construction worker taking a break and treating his co-workers to a beautiful musical interlude (插曲) in their busy day. Archive could, a painter working for a specialized painting company in Edmonton, was carrying out a job in front of a library. Looking in the window, one of his workmates noticed there was a public piano inside. Gould explained to CTV News that his workmates were aware that he’d played the piano for years, but he’d never been able to showcase his talents. Therefore on the first day on site, could sat down in his paint-stained work clothes to play for his workmates. “It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance. As for could, he was also delighted to have the opportunity to show his workmates that he was indeed able to play the piano. The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views. And could come up with why he thought the video had become so popular, “I think half the reason that the video blew up is that I look like a construction worker. No one expects a construction worker to just demonstrate some classical music like it’s nothing.” However, his performance is not just a lesson in looking beyond a person’s outward appearance, It also reminds us that we should develop our talents gradually and enjoy them as and when we can, While we might not all be able to become professional pianists or singers, there’s so much joy to be had in having a passion and sharing it with others. 20．What role does social media play according to the first paragraph? A．A platform for people to show talents. B．Means of communication and expression. C．Place for people to share common interest. D．A tool to remind us of some important things. 21．How did Kerrie bates react to Gould’s performance? A．She considered it was incredible. B．She thought it held lasting artistic valued, C．She found it was more accessible to workers. D．She believed it deserved a great deal of fame. 22．What does the underlined phrase “notched up” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reserved. B．Required. C．Convinced. D．Earned. 23．What does Gould’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Never judge a book by its cover. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart, 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市松江区·期末） Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students. Rodriguez, a former school psychologist (a professional in school to support students’ learning and teachers’ teaching) and now a photographer, is focusing on landscape photography. He knows clearly the effect which nature has on mental health and told CBS News that the lack of sight of trees or grasses is a problem and being in and around nature does students much good, including helping to improve their test scores and control over moods. Rodriguez had managed to design hospital walls where he could print landscapes to brighten dull rooms. He also attempted to bring nature into classrooms, but his former working experience warned him against touching walls in classrooms, which belong to the teachers. Soon, Rodriguez had an aha moment — to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings! He used his photography skills to take 360-degree shots of tree canopies (树冠) and fitted them onto classroom ceilings. So when the students looked up, they felt like sitting under a tree. He even created a project called “Nature in the Classroom” and has given his photos of tree canopies to schools in 10 different areas for free. CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said. 24．What makes Earnest worry about his students? A．That they can’t see nature in the classroom. B．That their school is very dully decorated. C．That they don’t have interest in his classes. D．That their love for nature is disappearing. 25．The aha moment in paragraph 3 refers to a moment when Rodriguez ________. A．found the importance of landscapes B．noticed the differences among ceilings C．got a new idea to improve classrooms D．learned ways to take up teachers’ corner 26．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．teachers often have great ideas to deal with classroom walls B．both Rodriguez’s jobs play a significant role in his marriage C．photographers do more good to schools than psychologists do D．Earnest appreciated Rodriguez’s change of classroom ceilings 27．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Mistaking Nature for Furniture B．From Walls to Ceilings C．Bringing Green into Classrooms D．From Psychologist to Photographer Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市宝山区顾村中学·期末） Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 28．The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A．athletes B．butchers C．invaders D．fighters 29．The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A．they represent Rome’s religion B．they are relics from Rome’s distant past C．they are modern and fashion D．they include exotic animals 30．What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A．The history of Vatican City. B．The life story of Michelangelo. C．The art-related activities during the visit. D．The literature of the Renaissance period. 31．According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A．food B．attractions C．hotels D．luxury boutiques Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 32．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 33．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 34．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 35．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 主题01 人与社会——社会文化、科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot “read the air.” Knowing the unspoken rules governing social life requires a comprehensive understanding of your environment, whatever its setting. It’s a skill that’s valuable anywhere in the world, but in Japan, it is elevated to another level. Reading the air — “kuuki o yomu” in Japanese — is a constant exercise. Misreading the air can blow business deals or ruin relationship. Rochelle Kopp, who runs cross-cultural training firm Japan Intercultural Consulting, says that while all nations have varying degrees of indirect communication, in Japan the phenomenon is more prominent in society. For example, if you’re speaking loudly in an otherwise silent train car or talking to a client who has long since lost interest, you risk being labeled KY. It’s a pejorative (贬义的) Japanese slang term that stands for “kuuki ga yomenai,” or “unable to read the air.” A big part of “reading the air” is picking up on non-verbal cues. David Matsumoto, a psychology professor at San Francisco State University, studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. “Silence is one non-verbal cue. So is shifting of posture. A social smile could be yet another cue,” says Matsumoto. “All of these are part of the non-verbal package that contributes to that contextual meaning.” Matsumoto runs Humintell, a company that provides workshops on how to get better at reading micro expressions and other non-verbal signals. Others provide such services, too; in Tokyo’s Toranomon business district, researcher Kenji Shimizu runs the Institute for Science and Being Sensitive to the Situation. Unlike Matsumoto, Shimizu teaches people how to master micro expressions. Shimizu uses a system developed by U. S. psychologist Paul Ekman, who coined the term and describes the subtle facial changes as “involuntary emotional leakage.” “If you notice someone’s disgust wrinkling around the nose — or anger-brows lowering, eyes widening, lips pressing — and yet those expressions are masked by smiles, you may want to figure out their actual thoughts,” Shimizu says, “and ask them what they really want you to do.” 1．Which of the following is Not the example of “reading the air”? A．When your partner sneezes, you take out a tissue and offer it to him. B．When your boss is about to leave, you hold the door open for him. C．If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation. D．If you assign a task to a coworker, his eyebrows are lowering, so you encourage him. 2．According to the passage, what is the most important contribution factor to “reading the air”? A．Words and physical activities. B．Micro expressions and non-verbal cues. C．Cross-cultural understanding and communication. D．Voluntary facial expressions and emotional leakage. 3．What can you infer from the passage, based on what you have read? A．“Reading the air” is a skill necessary and popular in some parts of the world such as Japan. B．David Matsumoto not only demonstrates the importance of reading the air, but also offers tips to have a good command of it. C．If you take notice of the micro expressions and interpret them in a correct way, it will be easy to figure out people’s real thought. D．Words and actions can be reliable in most cases and help us to make sound judgment. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence. By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?” Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics. The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000. Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could — there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island. B．The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others. C．The inspiration of a father’s words. D．The life and work of a retired physician. 5．The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to ________. A．help retired medical workers improve their incomes B．provide free medical services to those who need them C．urge the government to set up non-profit clinics D．make the dream of the author’s father come true 6．Which of the following has been done by the author himself? A．Buying the medical equipment. B．Finding the land and the office. C．Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic. D．Getting a special license for the retired doctors. 7．In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeill” implies that ________. A．my father’s words finally spread to McNeil B．McNeil decided to do something for the needy people C．my father’s words had a great influence over McNeil D．McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市曹杨第二中学·期末） I wanted the pleasure of being in Africa again. Feeling that the place was so large that it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around. There I had lived and worked, happily, almost forty years ago, in the heart of the greenest continent. In those old undramatic days of my school teaching in the bundu, folks lived their lives on bush paths at the end of unpaved roads of red clay, in villages of grass-roofed huts. They had a new national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes. They were hopeful, and, so was I, a schoolteacher living near a settlement of mud-huts among trees and fields—children shouting at play; and women bent double—most with infants on their backs—hoeing(锄地) the corn beans; and the men sitting in the shade. The Swahili word safari means “journey”, it has nothing to do with animals, someone “on safari” is just away and unobtainable and out of touch. Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be. The wish to disappear sends many travellers away. If you are thoroughly sick of being kept waiting at home or at work, travel is perfect: let other people wait for a change. Travel is a sort of revenge(报复) for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party’s extension, being kept waiting all your working life. But also being kept waiting is the human condition. Travel in the African bush can also be a sort of revenge on mobile phones and email, on telephones and the daily paper, on the aspects of globalization that allow anyone who chooses to get their hands on you. I desired to be unobtainable. I was going to Africa for the best of reasons—in a spirit of discovery—simply to disappear, to light out, with a suggestion of I dare you to try to find me. Home had become a routine, and routine made time pass quickly. I was a sitting duck in this predictable routine: people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk. I was in such regular touch that it was like having a job, a mode of life I hated. I was sick of being called up and asked for favors, hit up for money. You stick around too long and people begin to impose their own deadlines on you. 8．What did the writer expect from his journey? A．To have a variety of enjoyable experiences. B．To see how Africa had changed. C．To see impressive scenery. D．To meet some old friend. 9．Forty years ago, how did the writer feel about the future of the country where he was living? A．Little was likely to change. B．Things were likely to improve. C．Women would do most of the work. D．People’s expectations were too limited. 10．In Paragraph 3, what reason does the writer give for wanting to travel to Africa? A．He wanted a change of activity. B．He wanted people to be unable to contact him. C．His health was suffering from staying at home. D．He had been waiting to return to Africa for long. 11．The writer says “I was a sitting duck” in Paragraph 5 to show that _______. A．he was boring B．he was easy to find C．he is fond of ducks D．he was always lending money 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 12．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A．view from the child’s perspective B．simplify each action shown to the child C．follow the theory of imitation D．set a good example for the child to copy 13．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 14．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A．whose talent and skill are extraordinary B．whose actions are consistent with theirs C．whom they want to be shaped into D．who enjoy a high social status 15．What is the passage mainly about? A．The reason for parenting by imitation. B．The factors determining children’s imitation. C．The significance of learning by imitation. D．The way children choose models. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） As the Northern Hemisphere ushers in the new season, a contagious (有感染力的) urge to dust off cobwebs and toss out clutter emerges. Spring cleaning, a deep cleanse of one’s home, is a tradition rooted in societies worldwide, with its origin traced back to ancient times. It also holds symbolic significance. Viewed as a fresh start, the tradition symbolizes the transition from the dormant winter season to the vibrant growth of spring. By purging (清除) the home of accumulated debris and organizing its contents, individuals create a cleaner living environment and a sense of mental clarity and freshness. “With each sweep of the broom and polish of the surface, we honor a tradition that transcends time, uniting us with generations past in a shared pursuit of renewal and rejuvenation (恢复活力),” says Danielle Patten, director of creative programs and collections at the Museum of the Home in London. Human behavior is greatly influenced by the cycles of nature. In the colder months, we have less energy to spare for chores such as deep cleaning. We’re not being lazy; limited daylight triggers the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which makes us sleepy. “Melatonin causes us to feel less inclined to refresh our space. When the seasons start to shift, feelings of sluggishness reduce, and we regain energy and feel inspired to deep clean our living environments,” says author and psychotherapist Eloise Skinner. “When we refresh our environments, we can feel a sense of new beginning, or a renewed sense of drive and ambition.” Studies have also shown that cleaning can be therapeutic, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them scour filthy homes and share cleaning hacks. “When we’re cleaning, we often have to be present to the task at hand, and this can bring us into the present moment, causing us to feel more aware, engaged and observant. The repetitive nature can also be soothing,” Skinner says. Before the Chinese New Year, it’s common to cleanse the home of bad luck and misfortune in China. Known as “sweeping the dust,” cleaning makes way for the new year’s good luck and prosperity, says Patten. While the concept of spring cleaning predates modern technology, advancements such as electricity and household appliances have influenced its practice. For example, before electric lights, people relied on fire from burning coal, oil, and wood to light and heat homes, which would leave behind a substantial amount of soot (煤灰). Windows were kept securely closed to prevent a deadly draft from entering. Come spring, it was pragmatic to open the windows to air out stuffy homes, remove grime, and repair any damages that occurred during the winter months. Inventions such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and cleaning agents have made the process more efficient and convenient, allowing for deeper and more thorough cleaning of living spaces. 16．What does the word “sluggishness” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A．Excitement. B．Tiredness. C．Determination. D．Activity. 17．What does the passage imply about the link between cleaning and mental well-being? A．Cleaning rituals are more effective than professional therapy for reducing stress. B．The repetitive nature of cleaning can promote mindfulness and engagement. C．People who deep clean are less likely to experience seasonal affective disorder. D．Social media “cleanfluencers” rely on mental health studies to increase their followers. 18．What can be inferred about the evolution of spring cleaning from the passage? A．The practice became widespread due to advancements in household appliances. B．The invention of electric lights eliminated the need for spring cleaning. C．Modern cleaning techniques have completely replaced traditional customs. D．The symbolic meaning of spring cleaning has diminished over time. 19．What is the author’s primary purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage readers to adopt spring cleaning habits. B．To provide a historical and cultural perspective on spring cleaning. C．To compare traditional and modern spring cleaning practices. D．To explore how spring cleaning can benefit mental health. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 20．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 21．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 22．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 23．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. 主题03 人与自然——自然探索与生态环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市上海市闵行区·期末） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 24．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．changing currents present a challenge 25．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 26．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 27．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市奉贤区格致中学·期末） John Banville has received three major literary prizes. In 2005 he won the Man Booker Prize for his novel The Sea (his 14th book). He has been proposed repeatedly as a candidate (候选人) for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The writer had been resting on his couch when he received a call from a man half an hour before the true winners would be revealed at an awarding ceremony on Thursday. The man on the phone claimed to be Mats Malm, the secretary of the Nobel Prize Committee and he told Banville he would be awarded the prize of this year. And then he also read Banville a formal statement of the achievements he would print about the writer’s work. “He was so convincing that I rang everybody I could think of to tell them about this good news.” Banville recalled. But 40 minutes later Banville received a phone call from his daughter who had seen the live announcement. She told her father, “It’s not you!” “I realized then that it must have been a hoax. I rang everybody again and said, ‘Don’t buy the champagne and stop throwing your hats in the air!’” said Banville. A voicemail left on Banville’s phone shortly after the announcement explained that there had been a last-minute disagreement among decision-makers. But, after a close listen to the message, Banville noticed that voice was “deeper” than that of the real Mats Malm and lacked the same “smooth” grasp of English. He has since shared the message with the Swedish Academy to investigate the incident. 28．The underlined word “hoax” in the last paragraph probably means_______. A．trick B．game C．event D．joke 29．John Banville assumed that the news was true at first because _______. A．many people considered John Banville was a talented and productive writer B．he has been proposed repeatedly as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature C．the man who called claimed to be the secretary and sounded very convincing D．the so called secretary called half an hour before the awarding ceremony 30．How did Banville possibly feel when he received the second call? A．suspicious and worried B．shocked and disappointed C．sad and ashamed D．angry and guilty 31．We can learn from the passage that _______. A．who was responsible for the hoax will soon be revealed B．the Nobel Prize Committee planned the incident behind the scenes C．the voicemail left on Banville’s phone was probably a cheat D．John Banville will one day be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） “It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat — small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash (溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy.” Leaning down, I touched its skin gently. “It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.” San Ignacio is one of very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leathery fin (鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.” I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.” So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened — “or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.” 32．According to the passage, people can NOT interact with a whale by ________. A．splashing water to it B．gently touching its skin C．swimming alongside it D．looking at it in the eye 33．The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 means that the whale ________. A．is mad with too many visitors B．is willing to be petted by people on the boat C．can interact with people based on its likes D．can decide its preferred swimming route 34．Why does the author consider it “a blessing” when a large mama whale approaches the boat? A．Because she is smarter than her child and better at interacting with people. B．Because she believes in people and will not turn violent if her baby is harmed. C．Because a whale as large as this one is rare to see. D．Because she trusts people despite her concerns about her child’s safety. 35．What is the best title for this passage? A．Preserving the Devil Fish in Laguna San Ignacio B．A Beautiful Encounter with Gray Whales C．A Risky but Exciting Whale-Watching Journey D．Appropriate Ways to Interact with Gray Whales / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（记叙文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 1．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 3．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，展现了自然之美和邻里之间的温情。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. (每年四月，我都会被同样的担忧所困扰，担心今年春天不会到来。风景看起来单调乏味，山峦、天空和森林都是灰色的。)”以及“as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. (就像我第一次来到缅因州时四月的降雪一样。)”可知，作者初到缅因州时，四月的景色单调灰暗，甚至还下过雪，这样的景象让作者情绪低落，因此，“My spirits ebb ”指的是“he feels blue (他感到沮丧)”。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. (它坐落在我家附近的一块未开发的土地上。它不属于任何人，因此属于每个人。)”可知，这棵苹果树生长不属于任何人地方，因此属于大家，即生长在公共土地上，属于公共财产。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” (他提到这个冬天格外漫长，还抱怨说很久没和邻里的人好好见个面、聊聊天了。接着，他看着我说：“我们得再修剪一下那棵苹果树了。”)”可知，邻居抱怨冬天漫长，没有和社区的人长时间交流，然后提出再修剪苹果树，由此可推知，他享受和邻居在一起的时光。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Then there was the old apple tree. (还有那棵老苹果树。)”以及第五段中“Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. (很快，半个街区的人都来和我一起待在苹果树下了。我突然意识到，自己在这儿住了五年，直到现在才知道这些人的名字、他们的谋生方式，以及他们是如何过冬的。那棵老苹果树仿佛就是要把我们聚集在它的枝丫下，既让我们彼此相识，又让我们一同感受这份奇妙。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，C项“Under the Blossoms (繁花之下)”，既体现了文章中的苹果树这一核心元素，又富有诗意，能够吸引读者，适宜作为标题使用。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） In the days of good King Harry the Second of England, there were certain forests in the north country used by the King to hunt. These forests were cared for and guarded by the King’s Foresters. One of these royal forests was Sherwood, near the town of Nottingham. In this forest lived Hugh Fitzooth, Sherwood’s head forester. He lived there with his wife and son Robert. The boy had been born in Lockesley town, so he was called Rob of Lockesley. He was a handsome and strong boy. As soon as he could walk, he delighted in going into the forest with his father. From his father, he learned to use the longbow. His loving mother, who was from a noble family, taught him to read and write. Rob learned these lessons well, but he was happiest walking in the forest with his bow in hand. Rob’s happiness soon ended because his father had enemies. One of these enemies was the Sheriff of Nottingham. One day, the Sheriff convinced King Harry that Rob’s father had criticized the King in public. Hugh was arrested for betrayal to the country and sent to jail. Rob and his mother were kicked out of their house. Rob’s mother died of shock, and Rob went to live with his uncle, Sir Gamwell. Soon after, Rob got the news that his father had died in prison. Sir Gamwell was a kind man who gladly took care of Rob. Many years later, he said, “Rob, there is a chance for you to use that bow for a good purpose. There is an archery (射箭) contest at a fair in Nottingham: The first prize is a golden arrow.” Rob’s eyes lit up. “I would like a chance to compete,” he said. “And perhaps I could win a place as a forester even if I don’t win first prize.” “Now I can see that you are more suited to spend your days walking under the trees,” said Sir Gamwell. “Good luck to you, lad.” The next day, Rob set off. It was midmorning when he came across a group of men. Immediately, he saw the man who had replaced his father as head forester. He was a good friend of the Sheriff of Nottingham. Rob decided not to say anything and kept walking. But the head forester, who did not recognize Rob, spoke up. “Where are you going, boy, with your cheap bow and toy arrows? Do you think you have a chance at the fair? Hahaha!” Rob felt a sudden rage. “My bow is as good as yours,” he said to the head forester. The head forester replied, “Then show us some of your skill, boy. I’ll bet you twenty silver coins that you cannot hit the mark I choose.” “Name your mark,” said Rob. “I accept your challenge.” The head forester pointed to a group of deer far away. Quicker than a flash, Rob took the bow from his back and let an arrow fly. It pierced the heart of the leading deer. Then the head forester pretended to be angry and yelled, “Foolish boy! Do you know you have killed one of the King’s deer? The penalty is death! Get out of here, and do not show me your face again!” Rob replied angrily, “Fine, for I have seen your face too often. You are the one who wrongly took my father’s job!” With that, Rob turned and walked away. The head forester suddenly realized who Rob was and knew he was an enemy. He picked up his bow and shot an arrow at Rob’s back. Rob escaped from it. Quickly, Rob sent an arrow back. The head forester fell forward, dead as he hit the ground. In that second, Rob turned and disappeared into the forest. 5．What was Rob like when he was a little boy? A．He showed little interest in reading and writing. B．He was determined to be a forester in the place of his father when he reached adulthood. C．He inspected the forest with his father on a daily basis. D．Physically strong, he loved archery very much. 6．Which of the following words shares the similar meaning with the underlined word in the passage? A．Disappointment. B．Anger. C．Shock. D．Excitement. 7．What led to Rob’s disappearing into the forest? A．The death of his parents having left Rob as an orphan living in solitude. B．Being tricked by the forester into killing one of the king’s deer. C．His strong desire to show others that his archery was the best. D．His killing the forester in defense of his own life. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了护林员Hugh Fitzooth之子Rob的经历，Rob父亲遭敌人陷害入狱去世，母亲也离世，Rob由叔叔抚养长大，后来Rob在参加射箭比赛途中与取代父亲职位的护林队长发生冲突，出于自卫杀死对方后消失在森林中。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He was a handsome and strong boy. As soon as he could walk, he delighted in going into the forest with his father. From his father, he learned to use the longbow. (他是一个英俊强壮的男孩。一学会走路，他就高兴地和父亲一起走进森林。他从父亲那里学会了使用长弓)”和“Rob learned these lessons well, but he was happiest walking in the forest with his bow in hand. (Rob很好地学习了这些课程，但他最开心的是在森林里拿着弓散步)”可知，Rob小时候身体强壮，并且非常喜欢射箭。故选D项。 6．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Where are you going, boy, with your cheap bow and toy arrows? Do you think you have a chance at the fair? Hahaha! (小子，你带着你的廉价弓和玩具箭去哪儿？你觉得你有机会参加集市吗？哈哈哈)”可知，护林队长嘲笑Rob的弓箭，认为他不配参加集市，这会让Rob很愤怒，画线词意思是“愤怒，狂怒”，与B项Anger意思相近。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The head forester suddenly realized who Rob was and knew he was an enemy. He picked up his bow and shot an arrow at Rob’s back. Rob escaped from it. Quickly, Rob sent an arrow back. The head forester fell forward, dead as he hit the ground. In that second, Rob turned and disappeared into the forest. (护林队长突然意识到Rob是谁，知道他是敌人。他拿起弓，朝Rob的后背射了一箭。Rob逃了过去。Rob迅速地射出一支箭。护林队长向前倒下，摔在地上死了。就在那一瞬间，Rob转身消失在森林里)”可知，Rob为了自卫杀死护林队长，导致他消失在森林里。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 8．What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A．It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B．It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C．It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D．It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 9．The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A．cashing his traveler’s cheques B．packing everything into his luggage C．waiting for a taxi to send him there D．choosing suitable clothes to wear 10．By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A．puzzled B．amazed C．worried D．relieved 11．Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A．To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B．To show the girl how angry he was with her. C．To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D．To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了去Hammerfest看北极光，在出发前遇到的一系列波折，包括在银行兑换旅行支票的困难以及在车站差点错过巴士的经历。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe(它位于世界的边缘，是欧洲最北端的城镇)”和第二段中“I wanted to see the Northern Lights.(我想去看北极光)”可知，Hammerfest是欧洲最北端的城镇，是作者去看北极光的目的地。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare(我费了好大的劲才说服卡尔·约翰斯门的Kreditkassen银行的工作人员兑换足够的旅行支票来支付1200克朗的车费)”可知，作者花了很长时间兑换旅行支票，所以他在火车出发前两分钟才赶到车站。故选A项。 10．词句猜测题。根据上文“‘If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?’ ‘Next week at the same time.’ (“如果我错过这班车，下一班是什么时候?”“下周同一时间。”)以及下文“‘Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.’ ‘No, it doesn’t.’”(“小姐，相信我，上面写的是Bill Bryson。”“不，不是。”)”可知，作者错过这班车就要等下周同一时间的下一班车，所以当得知下一班车的时间时，作者很无奈，觉得很糟糕，因此“Oh, splendid”实际上是作者表达担忧的情绪。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“‘Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.’ She didn’t buy this. ‘I want to see the manager.’ (“小姐，看，我从英国来。我带着一些能救孩子命的药。”她不相信。“我想见经理。”)”、倒数第五段“He’s in Stavanger. (他在斯塔万格) ”和倒数第四段中“Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century. (听着，我是打电话预订的。如果我上不了这班车，我就给你经理写一封信，这封信会在这个世纪剩下的时间里给你的职业前景投下阴影)”可知，作者说带着能救孩子命的药以及要给经理写信都是为了说服售票员让他上车。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市行知中学·期末） Lucy Maud Montgomery (1874-1942) was one of the best-known Canadian authors of the 20th century. Her first novel, Anne of Green Gables, published in 1908, brought her quick fame and success, which encouraged her to continue the story of the heroine, Anne Shirley. Anne of Green Gables was followed by several books about Anne’s life, her children as well as her family and friends. These books cover the life of Anne from her childhood to her old age. Montgomery grew up in Prince Edward Island, Canada, the same location where the story of Anne of Green Gables took place. Montgomery’s mother passed away when she was a baby, and her father left her with her grandparents when she was still a child. Fond of imagination, nature, and writing, Montgomery started to write poems and keep a diary when she was nine years old. Just like Anne Shirley, Montgomery studied in Prince of Wales College for her teacher’s license. Then she studied literature at Dalhousie University. After that, she worked as a teacher. Though she did not enjoy teaching, it afforded her time to write. Beginning in 1897, her short stories were published in magazines and newspapers. In 1898, she stopped teaching and returned to Cavendish to live with her grandmother. While Montgomery’s teaching career ended, her writing career didn’t. After Anne of Green Gables, Montgomery published about 20 novels, 530 short stories, and 500 poems, all of which have influenced readers generation after generation. 12．What was the focus of the books that followed Anne of Green Gables? A．Anne Shirley’s life and her family. B．The education system in Canada. C．Lucy Maud Montgomery’s own life. D．The history of Prince Edward Island. 13．Why did Lucy Maud Montgomery start to write at a young age? A．Because she had a natural talent for writing. B．Because she was encouraged by her parents. C．Because she wanted to become a famous writer. D．Because she was fond of imagination and nature. 14．How did Montgomery’s education contribute to her writing career? A．She studied literature, which influenced her writing style. B．She got a teaching license, which provided her with income. C．She studied in Prince of Wales College, where she got inspired. D．She attended Dalhousie University, where she made connections. 15．Which of the following best describes Montgomery’s writing career? A．It was limited to a few novels and short stories. B．It focused mainly on poems rather than novels. C．It lasted over 40 years and included a wide range of works. D．It was unfortunately interrupted by teaching responsibilities. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了露西·莫德·蒙哥马利，20世纪著名的加拿大作家，1908年以小说《绿山墙的安妮》成名。在《绿山墙的安妮》之后，蒙哥马利出版了大约20部小说、530篇短篇小说和500首诗歌，这些作品影响了一代又一代的读者。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her first novel, Anne of Green Gables, published in 1908, brought her quick fame and success, which encouraged her to continue the story of the heroine, Anne Shirley. Anne of Green Gables was followed by several books about Anne’s life, her children as well as her family and friends. These books cover the life of Anne from her childhood to her old age.( 她的第一部小说《绿山墙的安妮》于1908年出版，给她带来了迅速的名声和成功，这鼓励她继续写女主人公安妮·雪莉的故事。《绿山墙的安妮》之后又出版了几本关于安妮生活、她的孩子以及她的家人和朋友的书。这些书讲述了安妮从童年到晚年的生活)”可知，《绿山墙的安妮》之后的书重点讲的是安妮·雪莉的生活和她的家庭。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fond of imagination, nature, and writing, Montgomery started to write poems and keep a diary when she was nine years old.( 蒙哥马利喜欢想象、自然和写作，九岁时就开始写诗和写日记)”可知，露西·莫德·蒙哥马利很小就开始写作是因为她喜欢想象和自然。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then she studied literature at Dalhousie University. After that, she worked as a teacher. Though she did not enjoy teaching, it afforded her time to write. Beginning in 1897, her short stories were published in magazines and newspapers. In 1898, she stopped teaching and returned to Cavendish to live with her grandmother. While Montgomery’s teaching career ended, her writing career didn’t.( 然后她在达尔豪斯大学学习文学。在那之后，她当了一名教师。虽然她不喜欢教书，但教书给了她写作的时间。从1897年开始，她的短篇小说在杂志和报纸上发表。1898年，她停止了教学，回到卡文迪什和祖母住在一起。虽然蒙哥马利的教学生涯结束了，但她的写作生涯并没有结束)”可推知，蒙哥马利在达尔豪西大学学习文学，这对她的写作风格有影响，从而有助于她的写作事业。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Lucy Maud Montgomery (1874-1942) was one of the best-known Canadian authors of the 20th century.( 露西·莫德·蒙哥马利（1874-1942）是20世纪加拿大最著名的作家之一)”以及最后一段中“Beginning in 1897, her short stories were published in magazines and newspapers. In 1898, she stopped teaching and returned to Cavendish to live with her grandmother. While Montgomery’s teaching career ended, her writing career didn’t. After Anne of Green Gables, Montgomery published about 20 novels,530 short stories, and 500 poems, all of which have influenced readers generation after generation.( 从1897年开始，她的短篇小说在杂志和报纸上发表。1898年，她停止了教学，回到卡文迪什和祖母住在一起。虽然蒙哥马利的教学生涯结束了，但她的写作生涯并没有结束。在《绿山墙的安妮》之后，蒙哥马利出版了大约20部小说、530篇短篇小说和500首诗歌，这些作品影响了一代又一代的读者)”可推知，蒙哥马利从1897年开始发表作品，到1942年去世，其写作生涯持续超过40年，且发表了约20部小说、530篇短篇小说和500首诗，作品范围广泛。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市闵行区·期末） The Merci Train On February 3,1949, New York Harbor (纽约港) was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. There was one boxcar for each of the existing 48 states and one to be shared by Columbia and Hawaii. These boxcars became known as the Merci Train. Following the end of World War II, France was almost in ruin. Factories, roads, bridges, and farms had been destroyed by bombings. Many French had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children’s drawings, even wedding dresses. The people sent the most treasured things that had not been lost in the war. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful. On each, the French had painted the coats of arms of all their 40 provinces. These boxcars, which had once been used to move soldiers into battle, would never again be used for war. The boxcars were then delivered by rail from New York to each state. Both children and adults waited eagerly for the Merci Train to arrive. Everyone wondered what their state’ s boxcar would contain. When the boxcars arrived and the contents were displayed, there were celebrations everywhere. Speeches were given, parades were held, and the news of the event was broadcast. A number of the states kept their wonderful boxcars. Some have been carefully maintained and can be visited. Gifts can still be seen at state museums and historical societies. The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. 16．The author attracts the reader’s interest in the first paragraph by ________. A．introducing an unfamiliar object B．including the names of specific places C．using descriptive language to set the scene D．presenting a controversial statement 17．According to the passage, the purpose of the train stopping in cities across America in1947 was to ________. A．collect donations B．gather soldiers for battle C．show museum exhibits D．display factory products 18．The arrival of the Merci Train in America signaled that France was ________. A．fascinated by the railway station B．competing with the Americans C．interested in learning about America D．recovering from the effects of the war 19．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．These wonderful boxcars will be exhibited globally. B．The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. C．The exchange between France and America solved most war-related problems. D．The donations from America to France came mostly from the rich. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述的是“感恩列车”的历史故事：在二战后，美国向法国伸出援手，帮助法国度过难关。为表达对美国帮助的感激之情，1949年法国向美国赠送了装满礼物的49节铁路货车，被称为“感恩列车”，货车里装满了法国人民精心准备的礼物。 16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On February 3,1949, New York Harbor was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. (1949年2月3日，纽约港是一个令人兴奋的地方。飞机在头顶飞过。号角吹响。小船在水中盘旋。人群在港口欢呼。他们来迎接一艘船。船上有49节装满法国给美国礼物的铁路货车。)”可知，作者在第一段通过描绘场景来吸引读者的兴趣，使用了描述性的语言，这些都是为了设置场景，让读者能够身临其境地感受到当时的气氛。因此，C选项“using descriptive language to set the scene (使用描述性语言来设置场景)”符合语境。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. (1947年冬天，美国人开始提供帮助。一列火车被派往美国各地，沿途在城镇停靠。在每一个停靠站，人们都尽自己所能给予帮助。工厂捐赠物品、衣服和药品。杂货商和农民捐赠食物。火车上的物资随后被运往法国。)”可知，1947年这列火车在美国各地城市停靠的目的是为了收集捐赠物资，以援助法国。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children's drawings, even wedding dresses. (到1949年，战争的影响已经消退。“感恩列车”是他们向美国表示“感谢”的一种方式，感谢美国对他们迫切需要的帮助。法国公民在车厢里装满了礼物，比如手工制作的娃娃、儿童绘画，甚至是结婚礼服。)”可知，“感谢列车”的到来意味着法国已经从战争的阴影中恢复过来，并通过这种方式向美国表示感谢。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. (“感恩列车”是从战争的废墟中诞生的，但它提醒我们国际间的善意。)”可知，Merci Train不仅代表了法国对美国的感谢，更象征着法国和美国之间的友谊。因此，B选项“The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. (Merci Train展现了法国和美国之间的友谊)”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市大同中学·期末） One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there. Recently a video was shared of a construction worker taking a break and treating his co-workers to a beautiful musical interlude (插曲) in their busy day. Archive could, a painter working for a specialized painting company in Edmonton, was carrying out a job in front of a library. Looking in the window, one of his workmates noticed there was a public piano inside. Gould explained to CTV News that his workmates were aware that he’d played the piano for years, but he’d never been able to showcase his talents. Therefore on the first day on site, could sat down in his paint-stained work clothes to play for his workmates. “It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance. As for could, he was also delighted to have the opportunity to show his workmates that he was indeed able to play the piano. The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views. And could come up with why he thought the video had become so popular, “I think half the reason that the video blew up is that I look like a construction worker. No one expects a construction worker to just demonstrate some classical music like it’s nothing.” However, his performance is not just a lesson in looking beyond a person’s outward appearance, It also reminds us that we should develop our talents gradually and enjoy them as and when we can, While we might not all be able to become professional pianists or singers, there’s so much joy to be had in having a passion and sharing it with others. 20．What role does social media play according to the first paragraph? A．A platform for people to show talents. B．Means of communication and expression. C．Place for people to share common interest. D．A tool to remind us of some important things. 21．How did Kerrie bates react to Gould’s performance? A．She considered it was incredible. B．She thought it held lasting artistic valued, C．She found it was more accessible to workers. D．She believed it deserved a great deal of fame. 22．What does the underlined phrase “notched up” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reserved. B．Required. C．Convinced. D．Earned. 23．What does Gould’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Never judge a book by its cover. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart, 【答案】20．A 21．A 22．D 23．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫Archive Gould的建筑工人在工作期间，利用休息时间弹奏钢琴，给同事们带来了惊喜和享受的故事。 20．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there.(社交媒体的一个优势是，我们能够看到人们生活中那些可能相当令人惊讶的方面。事实上，一些被分享的视频提醒我们，世界上存在着许多隐藏或不那么隐藏的人才)”可知，社交媒体为人们提供了一个展示才华的平台。故选A。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance.(“太让人心动了。我本来就喜欢古典音乐。看到他弹得如此出色，我完全被感动了，”他的同事Kerrie Bates分享了她对Gould表演的反应)”可知，Kerrie Bates认为Gould的表演令人难以置信，非常出色。故选A。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views.(这段表演被分享到了网上， notched up令人印象深刻的观看次数)”的句子结构可知，“where it notched up an impressive number of views”是定语从句，修饰先行词“online”，且该定语从句中缺少谓语，所以“notched up”在此处作谓语，能够和“views”搭配。根据句意可知，意为“获得了”令人印象深刻的观看次数。选项D“earned”，意为“获得”，符合句意。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章提到Gould穿着沾满油漆的工作服在休息时间弹奏钢琴，他的同事们非常惊讶于他弹得如此出色。Gould认为视频走红的原因是他看起来像个建筑工人，没人期望一个建筑工人能演奏古典音乐。由此推知，Gould的故事传达了不要以貌取人的道理，人们不能仅仅根据外表来判断一个人的能力或才华。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市松江区·期末） Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students. Rodriguez, a former school psychologist (a professional in school to support students’ learning and teachers’ teaching) and now a photographer, is focusing on landscape photography. He knows clearly the effect which nature has on mental health and told CBS News that the lack of sight of trees or grasses is a problem and being in and around nature does students much good, including helping to improve their test scores and control over moods. Rodriguez had managed to design hospital walls where he could print landscapes to brighten dull rooms. He also attempted to bring nature into classrooms, but his former working experience warned him against touching walls in classrooms, which belong to the teachers. Soon, Rodriguez had an aha moment — to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings! He used his photography skills to take 360-degree shots of tree canopies (树冠) and fitted them onto classroom ceilings. So when the students looked up, they felt like sitting under a tree. He even created a project called “Nature in the Classroom” and has given his photos of tree canopies to schools in 10 different areas for free. CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said. 24．What makes Earnest worry about his students? A．That they can’t see nature in the classroom. B．That their school is very dully decorated. C．That they don’t have interest in his classes. D．That their love for nature is disappearing. 25．The aha moment in paragraph 3 refers to a moment when Rodriguez ________. A．found the importance of landscapes B．noticed the differences among ceilings C．got a new idea to improve classrooms D．learned ways to take up teachers’ corner 26．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．teachers often have great ideas to deal with classroom walls B．both Rodriguez’s jobs play a significant role in his marriage C．photographers do more good to schools than psychologists do D．Earnest appreciated Rodriguez’s change of classroom ceilings 27．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Mistaking Nature for Furniture B．From Walls to Ceilings C．Bringing Green into Classrooms D．From Psychologist to Photographer 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．D 27．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。因为加利福尼亚州塔夫脱小学的一些教室没有窗户，欧内斯特担心这种沉闷的教室环境对学生有害。摄影师罗德里格斯利用自己的摄影技能，将树的树冠的360度照片安装在教室天花板上，让学生们抬头时仿佛坐在树下，欧内斯特认为这一改变会增加学生进教室的意愿等。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““Most of the day, my students are inside and don't really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students.(欧内斯特告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻频道：“一天中的大部分时间，我的学生都在室内，看不到绿树或草地。”他担心沉闷的教室环境会对学生产生有害影响)”可知，欧内斯特担心他的学生是因为他们在教室里看不到自然景色。故选A项。 25．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Soon, Rodriguez had an …— to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings!(很快，罗德里格斯有了一个……——通过天花板把风景带入教室)”可知罗德里格斯想到了通过天花板把风景带入教室，可推理出这里的“aha moment”指的是罗德里格斯得到了一个改善教室的新想法。故选C项。 26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things(欧内斯特认为，除了其他好处之外，新的添加物（天花板上的风景照片）将提高学生进入教室的意愿)”可知，欧内斯特认为新的添加物将提高学生进入教室的意愿，可以推断出，欧内斯特很欣赏罗德里格斯对教室天花板的改变。故选D项。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students(加利福尼亚州塔夫小学的一些教室存在一个共同的弱点：它们没有窗户。欧内斯特的五年级教室就是如此。“一天中的大部分时间，我的学生都在室内，他们真的看不到任何绿树或草地”，欧内斯特告诉CBS新闻。他担心沉闷的教室环境会对他的学生产生有害影响)”以及最后一段“CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said(当罗德里格斯向欧内斯特的五年级学生展示树冠时，CBS新闻就在现场。“真美啊，”一名学生走进教室时说道。另一名学生表示，看到绿色的树叶让他感到很平静。欧内斯特认为，这个新添加的设计会增强学生们进入教室的意愿，还有其他很多好处。“这是我作为学校心理学家和摄影师两份工作的完美结合，”罗德里格斯说)”可知，文章主要讲述了罗德里格斯通过将树的树冠照片安装在教室天花板上，把自然带进教室的事情。C项“Bringing Green into Classrooms(把绿色带进教室)”能够概括文章主旨，适合用作本文标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市宝山区顾村中学·期末） Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 28．The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A．athletes B．butchers C．invaders D．fighters 29．The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A．they represent Rome’s religion B．they are relics from Rome’s distant past C．they are modern and fashion D．they include exotic animals 30．What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A．The history of Vatican City. B．The life story of Michelangelo. C．The art-related activities during the visit. D．The literature of the Renaissance period. 31．According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A．food B．attractions C．hotels D．luxury boutiques 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次游览罗马的所见所闻。 28．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals.(这些遗迹包括古罗马广场和巨大的斗兽场，gladiators过去常常在那里战斗至死，猎杀外来动物)”可知，划线词在where引导的定语从句中作主语，由描述的行为“互相殴斗，猎杀动物”推断，应指斗兽场里的角斗士。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段“The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are.(建筑物和神殿的废墟令人着迷：你简直不敢相信它们有多古老)”可知，作者主要是因为建筑物和神殿的废墟的历史悠久而觉得它们极具魅力。故选B项。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it.(我在大学学习过文艺复兴时期的杰作，在现实生活中看到它们让我非常兴奋。我们在梵蒂冈城的博物馆里漫步，看到了许多著名的雕塑作品。毫无疑问，这次参观最精彩的部分是西斯廷教堂的天花板，由伟大的米开朗基罗于16世纪初绘制。它太令人叹为观止了，我无法把目光从它身上移开)”可知，本段主要介绍作者在罗马进行的艺术之旅。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon.(在罗马，有很多食品供游客选择，但其中一些质量不是很好。我努力寻找正宗的餐厅来品尝该地区的流行美食，比如番茄、洋葱和培根意大利面)”可知，作者想表达因为食品质量的良莠不齐，在罗马选择吃的东西时要慎重。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 32．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 33．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 34．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 35．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着74岁的父亲去攀登勃朗峰的故事。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ ‘Old age doesn’t come alone,’ he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. (他回答说：“衰老不是独自来的。”他的意思是说，最近一次危及生命的中风导致了记忆力丧失。然而，在被遗忘已久的足迹中唤起记忆似乎是正确的事情。我们订了机票，四个月后，我们到达了法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知，是父亲的中风导致记忆力丧失，促使作者带着父亲去法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰远足。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. (那已经是他一生的一半了。然而，我们却在这里，肩并肩地绕着勃朗峰前进，用我们的手指沿着一条看不见的路线，越过他很久以前征服过的那些险峻的山峰。我一直认为是对山脉的痴迷，现在却变成了一种我从来不知道我们之间存在的纽带。)”之前作者认为父亲爬山是对山脉的痴迷，而现在变成了他们之间的纽带，可知，作者的这次经历改变了对父亲爱好的认识。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible.  We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. (到周末的时候，我感觉到我们可能已经完成了我们都认为不可能完成的事情。我们向夏蒙尼山谷上方的布雷文森峰进行了最后的冲刺。我们爬上了一个狭窄的石头世界，与勃朗峰正面相遇。)”作者与父亲完成了不可能的事情，到达了山峰。可知，作者的父亲是勇于冒险的攀登者。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes.  There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background.  For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. (为了捕捉这一刻，我拍了一张照片，但直到那时我才意识到，这张照片的构图与我第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的。那是微笑，那双眼睛盯着地平线，美丽的阿尔卑斯山脉勃朗峰衬托着背景。有那么一瞬间，一切似乎都没有改变。)”作者觉得一切似乎是没有改变的，与第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的，可知，作者父亲对登山的热爱仍未改变。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——社会文化、科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·上海市延安中学·期末） When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot “read the air.” Knowing the unspoken rules governing social life requires a comprehensive understanding of your environment, whatever its setting. It’s a skill that’s valuable anywhere in the world, but in Japan, it is elevated to another level. Reading the air — “kuuki o yomu” in Japanese — is a constant exercise. Misreading the air can blow business deals or ruin relationship. Rochelle Kopp, who runs cross-cultural training firm Japan Intercultural Consulting, says that while all nations have varying degrees of indirect communication, in Japan the phenomenon is more prominent in society. For example, if you’re speaking loudly in an otherwise silent train car or talking to a client who has long since lost interest, you risk being labeled KY. It’s a pejorative (贬义的) Japanese slang term that stands for “kuuki ga yomenai,” or “unable to read the air.” A big part of “reading the air” is picking up on non-verbal cues. David Matsumoto, a psychology professor at San Francisco State University, studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. “Silence is one non-verbal cue. So is shifting of posture. A social smile could be yet another cue,” says Matsumoto. “All of these are part of the non-verbal package that contributes to that contextual meaning.” Matsumoto runs Humintell, a company that provides workshops on how to get better at reading micro expressions and other non-verbal signals. Others provide such services, too; in Tokyo’s Toranomon business district, researcher Kenji Shimizu runs the Institute for Science and Being Sensitive to the Situation. Unlike Matsumoto, Shimizu teaches people how to master micro expressions. Shimizu uses a system developed by U. S. psychologist Paul Ekman, who coined the term and describes the subtle facial changes as “involuntary emotional leakage.” “If you notice someone’s disgust wrinkling around the nose — or anger-brows lowering, eyes widening, lips pressing — and yet those expressions are masked by smiles, you may want to figure out their actual thoughts,” Shimizu says, “and ask them what they really want you to do.” 1．Which of the following is Not the example of “reading the air”? A．When your partner sneezes, you take out a tissue and offer it to him. B．When your boss is about to leave, you hold the door open for him. C．If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation. D．If you assign a task to a coworker, his eyebrows are lowering, so you encourage him. 2．According to the passage, what is the most important contribution factor to “reading the air”? A．Words and physical activities. B．Micro expressions and non-verbal cues. C．Cross-cultural understanding and communication. D．Voluntary facial expressions and emotional leakage. 3．What can you infer from the passage, based on what you have read? A．“Reading the air” is a skill necessary and popular in some parts of the world such as Japan. B．David Matsumoto not only demonstrates the importance of reading the air, but also offers tips to have a good command of it. C．If you take notice of the micro expressions and interpret them in a correct way, it will be easy to figure out people’s real thought. D．Words and actions can be reliable in most cases and help us to make sound judgment. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“reading the air(长眼神，会看情景)”这一社交技能，即通过观察和理解环境中的非语言线索来察觉他人的情绪和意图，这在日本等文化背景下尤为重要。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? (当你踏上自动扶梯时，你会站在一边让别人通过吗?当房间里有人用纸扇风时，你会打开窗户吗?如果你邀请某人和你一起出去玩，而他们却茫然地盯着你，你会撤回邀请吗?)”和第二段“If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot ‘read the air.’(如果你不做这些事情，我有一些不幸的消息：你不能“reading the air”)”可推知，“reading the air”指的是通过观察和理解环境中的非语言线索来察觉周围人的感受并作出相应的反应，而C选项“If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation.(如果你邀请朋友参加聚会，他低声拒绝，所以你撤回邀请)”中朋友直接用语言拒绝了，我们无需观察和理解环境中的非语言线索就能作出反应，因此不属于“reading the air”的范畴。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“A big part of ‘reading the air’ is picking up on non-verbal cues. (“察言观色”的很大一部分是捕捉非语言线索)”和“...studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. (研究微表情：微小的、不自主的面部表情，可以透露一个人真实的情绪)”可知，“reading the air”最重要的是微表情和非语言线索。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. (例如，当工作中的客户说他们对你正在做的工作很满意时，非常微妙的嘴唇抽搐或眉毛上扬可能意味着他们并没有说实话。在任何情况下，注意微表情以及其他非语言交流都是很重要的，无论你在哪里)”可推知，如果你能注意到微表情并正确解读，就很容易了解人们的真实想法。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence. By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?” Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics. The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000. Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could — there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island. B．The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others. C．The inspiration of a father’s words. D．The life and work of a retired physician. 5．The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to ________. A．help retired medical workers improve their incomes B．provide free medical services to those who need them C．urge the government to set up non-profit clinics D．make the dream of the author’s father come true 6．Which of the following has been done by the author himself? A．Buying the medical equipment. B．Finding the land and the office. C．Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic. D．Getting a special license for the retired doctors. 7．In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeill” implies that ________. A．my father’s words finally spread to McNeil B．McNeil decided to do something for the needy people C．my father’s words had a great influence over McNeil D．McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者退休后，在发现海岛上许多劳动者无法享受医疗保障后，最终创办了一家由退休医务人员和非专业志愿者组成的免费诊所Volunteers in Medicine。随着该诊所的影响力扩大，最终得以在其他社区建立更多的免费诊所。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”(通过与当地人交谈，我发现绝大多数为这个岛工作的女佣、园丁、女服务员和建筑工人很少或根本没有医疗保健。这对我来说似乎很震惊。我想知道为什么没有人做点什么。父亲小时候每天问孩子们的那句话再次在我的脑海里响起：“你今天为别人做了什么？”)”等内容并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者退休后，在发现海岛居民医疗条件匮乏后，受到父亲话语的启发，开始着手解决问题，最终成功创办了一家免费诊所，并影响了更多人。因此，文章主旨是讲述父亲话语的启发对作者的影响，选项C“The inspiration of a father’s words.(父亲话语的启发)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.(如果我能说服他们每周花几个小时志愿提供服务，我们就可以为那些迫切需要的人提供免费的基本医疗保健。)”以及第四段中“We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2015, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. (我们将其命名为Volunteers in Medicine，并于2015年开业，员工全部由退休医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非专业志愿者组成。)”可知，作者起初倡议建立该医院的目的是可以为那些迫切需要的人提供免费的基本医疗保健，由此最终Volunteers in Medicine建立而成，全部由退休医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非专业志愿者组成，因此其目的是为有需要的人提供免费医疗服务。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.(我花了一年时间和大量的毅力，但终于说服了州议员为在非营利性诊所志愿服务的医生颁发特别执照。)”可知，是作者自己为退休医生争取到了特别行医执照。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylen71. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country. (然而，上个月，我认为父亲的话传到了北方，传到了Tylen71的制造商McNeil Consumer Healthcare。来自McNeil的一笔主要赠款将使我们能够响应这些请求，并帮助在全国各地的社区建立其他免费诊所。)”可知，作者认为父亲的话传到了北方，传到了Tylen71的制造商麦克尼尔消费者医疗保健公司，此处是一种隐喻，即作者父亲生前的教导或理念，在某种程度上影响或传达到了McNeil Consumer Healthcare，由此McNeil公司决定为有需要的人做点事情，因此提供了资助,，帮助在全国各地的社区建立其他免费诊所。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市曹杨第二中学·期末） I wanted the pleasure of being in Africa again. Feeling that the place was so large that it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around. There I had lived and worked, happily, almost forty years ago, in the heart of the greenest continent. In those old undramatic days of my school teaching in the bundu, folks lived their lives on bush paths at the end of unpaved roads of red clay, in villages of grass-roofed huts. They had a new national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes. They were hopeful, and, so was I, a schoolteacher living near a settlement of mud-huts among trees and fields—children shouting at play; and women bent double—most with infants on their backs—hoeing(锄地) the corn beans; and the men sitting in the shade. The Swahili word safari means “journey”, it has nothing to do with animals, someone “on safari” is just away and unobtainable and out of touch. Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be. The wish to disappear sends many travellers away. If you are thoroughly sick of being kept waiting at home or at work, travel is perfect: let other people wait for a change. Travel is a sort of revenge(报复) for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party’s extension, being kept waiting all your working life. But also being kept waiting is the human condition. Travel in the African bush can also be a sort of revenge on mobile phones and email, on telephones and the daily paper, on the aspects of globalization that allow anyone who chooses to get their hands on you. I desired to be unobtainable. I was going to Africa for the best of reasons—in a spirit of discovery—simply to disappear, to light out, with a suggestion of I dare you to try to find me. Home had become a routine, and routine made time pass quickly. I was a sitting duck in this predictable routine: people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk. I was in such regular touch that it was like having a job, a mode of life I hated. I was sick of being called up and asked for favors, hit up for money. You stick around too long and people begin to impose their own deadlines on you. 8．What did the writer expect from his journey? A．To have a variety of enjoyable experiences. B．To see how Africa had changed. C．To see impressive scenery. D．To meet some old friend. 9．Forty years ago, how did the writer feel about the future of the country where he was living? A．Little was likely to change. B．Things were likely to improve. C．Women would do most of the work. D．People’s expectations were too limited. 10．In Paragraph 3, what reason does the writer give for wanting to travel to Africa? A．He wanted a change of activity. B．He wanted people to be unable to contact him. C．His health was suffering from staying at home. D．He had been waiting to return to Africa for long. 11．The writer says “I was a sitting duck” in Paragraph 5 to show that _______. A．he was boring B．he was easy to find C．he is fond of ducks D．he was always lending money 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了大约四十年前作者在非洲教书的经历，那里的人和事让作者想要再次体会在非洲的快乐，并讲述了旅行的意义。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Feeling that the place was so large that it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around.(我觉得这个地方太大了，里面有很多不为人知的故事，也有一些希望、喜剧和甜蜜，于是我打算重新融入我们过去所说的灌木丛中，四处闲逛。)”可知，作者打算去非洲旅行，在那里四处逛逛，去探索那里不为人知的故事，以及希望、喜剧和甜蜜。由此可推测出，作者希望自己在旅行中可以有各种各样的愉快经历。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They had a new national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes.(他们有了一面新国旗，他们刚刚获得了选票，有些人有自行车，许多人谈到要买他们的第一双鞋。)”和“They were hopeful, and, so was I(他们满怀希望，我也是)”可知，四十年前，作者所在的那个国家有了新国旗，人们有了选票权，有的人有了自行车，没鞋的人打算买鞋穿，人人都满怀希望。由此可推测出，这个国家的情况得到了改善。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be.(在非洲失去联系是我想达到的目的。)”和“Travel is a sort of revenge(报复) for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party’s extension, being kept waiting all your working life.(旅行是对你被搁置，或者不得不在答录机上留言、不知道你的派对延期、在你的工作生涯中一直在等待这些情况的一种报复。)”可知，作者想去非洲旅行时因为他不想让人们能够联系上他。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据冒号后的“people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk.(人们知道什么时候该给我打电话，他们知道我什么时候会在办公桌前。)”可知，人们清楚地了解作者，知道何时给他打电话可以打得通，知道他何时可以处理工作事务。由此可推测出，作者说“I was a sitting duck(我是一个易受攻击者)”是想说明他很容易被人找到。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市建平中学·期末） To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 12．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A．view from the child’s perspective B．simplify each action shown to the child C．follow the theory of imitation D．set a good example for the child to copy 13．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 14．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A．whose talent and skill are extraordinary B．whose actions are consistent with theirs C．whom they want to be shaped into D．who enjoy a high social status 15．What is the passage mainly about? A．The reason for parenting by imitation. B．The factors determining children’s imitation. C．The significance of learning by imitation. D．The way children choose models. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨儿童模仿学习的复杂性，分析儿童寻求模仿对象的场景、选择模仿对象的依据及社会评价对其模仿行为的影响。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.(从孩子的角度来看。他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。孩子会寻找一个能指导他该做什么的权威人士或专家。)”可知，要教孩子学习，家长应从孩子的角度出发，理解其在新情境中对榜样的需求，而非单纯设定榜样。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result.(他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。)”可知，当孩子陷入困境且无法想出解决方法时，会寻求榜样。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players.(他会模仿那些看起来值得成为的人，而不是那些他希望避免拥有其社会地位的人。如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并努力模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧。)”可知，儿童通常模仿那些他们希望成为的人。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段指出“儿童模仿并非简单的‘有样学样’”，第二段分析“儿童在无应对方法时会寻求榜样”，第三段说明“社会评价会影响儿童的模仿行为”，第四、五段阐述“儿童会选择值得成为的人作为模仿对象”，结合全文内容可知，文章围绕“决定儿童模仿行为的多种因素”展开。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） As the Northern Hemisphere ushers in the new season, a contagious (有感染力的) urge to dust off cobwebs and toss out clutter emerges. Spring cleaning, a deep cleanse of one’s home, is a tradition rooted in societies worldwide, with its origin traced back to ancient times. It also holds symbolic significance. Viewed as a fresh start, the tradition symbolizes the transition from the dormant winter season to the vibrant growth of spring. By purging (清除) the home of accumulated debris and organizing its contents, individuals create a cleaner living environment and a sense of mental clarity and freshness. “With each sweep of the broom and polish of the surface, we honor a tradition that transcends time, uniting us with generations past in a shared pursuit of renewal and rejuvenation (恢复活力),” says Danielle Patten, director of creative programs and collections at the Museum of the Home in London. Human behavior is greatly influenced by the cycles of nature. In the colder months, we have less energy to spare for chores such as deep cleaning. We’re not being lazy; limited daylight triggers the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which makes us sleepy. “Melatonin causes us to feel less inclined to refresh our space. When the seasons start to shift, feelings of sluggishness reduce, and we regain energy and feel inspired to deep clean our living environments,” says author and psychotherapist Eloise Skinner. “When we refresh our environments, we can feel a sense of new beginning, or a renewed sense of drive and ambition.” Studies have also shown that cleaning can be therapeutic, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them scour filthy homes and share cleaning hacks. “When we’re cleaning, we often have to be present to the task at hand, and this can bring us into the present moment, causing us to feel more aware, engaged and observant. The repetitive nature can also be soothing,” Skinner says. Before the Chinese New Year, it’s common to cleanse the home of bad luck and misfortune in China. Known as “sweeping the dust,” cleaning makes way for the new year’s good luck and prosperity, says Patten. While the concept of spring cleaning predates modern technology, advancements such as electricity and household appliances have influenced its practice. For example, before electric lights, people relied on fire from burning coal, oil, and wood to light and heat homes, which would leave behind a substantial amount of soot (煤灰). Windows were kept securely closed to prevent a deadly draft from entering. Come spring, it was pragmatic to open the windows to air out stuffy homes, remove grime, and repair any damages that occurred during the winter months. Inventions such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and cleaning agents have made the process more efficient and convenient, allowing for deeper and more thorough cleaning of living spaces. 16．What does the word “sluggishness” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A．Excitement. B．Tiredness. C．Determination. D．Activity. 17．What does the passage imply about the link between cleaning and mental well-being? A．Cleaning rituals are more effective than professional therapy for reducing stress. B．The repetitive nature of cleaning can promote mindfulness and engagement. C．People who deep clean are less likely to experience seasonal affective disorder. D．Social media “cleanfluencers” rely on mental health studies to increase their followers. 18．What can be inferred about the evolution of spring cleaning from the passage? A．The practice became widespread due to advancements in household appliances. B．The invention of electric lights eliminated the need for spring cleaning. C．Modern cleaning techniques have completely replaced traditional customs. D．The symbolic meaning of spring cleaning has diminished over time. 19．What is the author’s primary purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage readers to adopt spring cleaning habits. B．To provide a historical and cultural perspective on spring cleaning. C．To compare traditional and modern spring cleaning practices. D．To explore how spring cleaning can benefit mental health. 【答案】16．B 17．B 18．A 19．B 【导语】短文主要从历史、文化以及对人心理影响等方面介绍春季大扫除这一传统习俗，阐述其象征意义，分析人类行为受自然周期影响与春季大扫除的关联，探讨清洁对心理健康的益处，还提及现代科技对春季大扫除方式的影响。 16．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Melatonin causes us to feel less inclined to refresh our space. When the seasons start to shift, feelings of sluggishness reduce, and we regain energy and feel inspired to deep clean our living environments (褪黑素会让我们不太想整理我们的空间。当季节开始变化时，____感会减轻，我们会恢复精力，并受到启发去深度清洁我们的生活环境）”可知，褪黑素使人不想打扫，季节变化，这种感觉减轻后人们才恢复精力打扫，所以“sluggishness”应与精力不足、疲惫有关。故选B项。 17．推理判断题。根据第六段“When we’re cleaning, we often have to be present to the task at hand, and this can bring us into the present moment, causing us to feel more aware, engaged and observant. The repetitive nature can also be soothing (当我们清洁时，我们常常必须专注于手头的任务，这能让我们活在当下，使我们感觉更警觉、投入和善于观察。清洁的重复性也能起到舒缓作用）”可知，清洁的重复性可以促进专注和投入，对心理健康有益。故选B项。 18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While the concept of spring cleaning predates modern technology, advancements such as electricity and household appliances have influenced its practice. (尽管春季大扫除这一概念早于现代科技出现，但诸如电力和家用电器等方面的进步已经对大扫除的具体实施产生了影响。”以及最后一段“Inventions such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and cleaning agents have made the process more efficient and convenient, allowing for deeper and more thorough cleaning of living spaces. (吸尘器、洗衣机和清洁剂等发明使这个过程更加高效和方便，能够对生活空间进行更深入、更彻底的清洁。)”可知，家用电器的进步使春季大扫除变得更高效便捷，从而使这一做法更广泛传播。故选A项。 19．推理判断题。文章开篇介绍春季大扫除是全球范围内的传统，可追溯到古代，接着阐述其象征意义，还提到自然周期对人类清洁行为的影响、清洁对心理健康的益处以及现代科技对春季大扫除的影响，从历史和文化等多个角度对春季大扫除进行介绍。所以短文的目的是提供关于春季大扫除的历史和文化视角。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. “Just wait,” a neighbour advised. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on 3 May that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky, and forest revealed their purples, blues, and greens. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbours opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbour was the first to speak. “You’re not cutting it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbour frowned as I cut off a branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he warned. Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw (解冻) led to another. Just the other day, I saw one of my neighbours at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” 20．By saying that “my spirits ebb” in paragraph 1, the author means that . A．he feels relieved B．he is cheerful C．he is astonished D．he feels blue 21．Which of the following is TRUE about the apple tree according to the passage? A．No one other than the author cares about the apple tree. B．It grows on public property. C．It is a source of fresh fruit for the neighbourhood D．It is carefully attended to by the author. 22．It can be inferred from the neighbour’s words in the last paragraph that . A．He has a passion for gardening. B．He was concerned about the safety of the tree. C．He enjoyed the company of his neighbours. D．He changed his mind about pruning the tree. 23．What is the best title for the text? A．The Beauty of Nature B．The Secret of the Apple Tree. C．Under the Blossoms. D．The Spring in Maine. 【答案】20．D 21．B 22．C 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，展现了自然之美和邻里之间的温情。 20．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Every April I am troubled by the same concern that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing grey. (每年四月，我都会被同样的担忧所困扰，担心今年春天不会到来。风景看起来单调乏味，山峦、天空和森林都是灰色的。)”以及“as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine. (就像我第一次来到缅因州时四月的降雪一样。)”可知，作者初到缅因州时，四月的景色单调灰暗，甚至还下过雪，这样的景象让作者情绪低落，因此，“My spirits ebb ”指的是“he feels blue (他感到沮丧)”。故选D项。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighbourhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. (它坐落在我家附近的一块未开发的土地上。它不属于任何人，因此属于每个人。)”可知，这棵苹果树生长不属于任何人地方，因此属于大家，即生长在公共土地上，属于公共财产。故选B项。 22．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighbourhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.” (他提到这个冬天格外漫长，还抱怨说很久没和邻里的人好好见个面、聊聊天了。接着，他看着我说：“我们得再修剪一下那棵苹果树了。”)”可知，邻居抱怨冬天漫长，没有和社区的人长时间交流，然后提出再修剪苹果树，由此可推知，他享受和邻居在一起的时光。故选C项。 23．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Then there was the old apple tree. (还有那棵老苹果树。)”以及第五段中“Soon, half the neighbourhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. (很快，半个街区的人都来和我一起待在苹果树下了。我突然意识到，自己在这儿住了五年，直到现在才知道这些人的名字、他们的谋生方式，以及他们是如何过冬的。那棵老苹果树仿佛就是要把我们聚集在它的枝丫下，既让我们彼此相识，又让我们一同感受这份奇妙。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在缅因州经历的春天景象，以及一棵老苹果树如何成为邻里间交流和联系的纽带，C项“Under the Blossoms (繁花之下)”，既体现了文章中的苹果树这一核心元素，又富有诗意，能够吸引读者，适宜作为标题使用。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——自然探索与生态环保 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海市上海市闵行区·期末） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 24．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．changing currents present a challenge 25．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 26．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 27．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】24．D 25．C 26．B 27．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。 24．推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。 26．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 27．主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海市奉贤区格致中学·期末） John Banville has received three major literary prizes. In 2005 he won the Man Booker Prize for his novel The Sea (his 14th book). He has been proposed repeatedly as a candidate (候选人) for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The writer had been resting on his couch when he received a call from a man half an hour before the true winners would be revealed at an awarding ceremony on Thursday. The man on the phone claimed to be Mats Malm, the secretary of the Nobel Prize Committee and he told Banville he would be awarded the prize of this year. And then he also read Banville a formal statement of the achievements he would print about the writer’s work. “He was so convincing that I rang everybody I could think of to tell them about this good news.” Banville recalled. But 40 minutes later Banville received a phone call from his daughter who had seen the live announcement. She told her father, “It’s not you!” “I realized then that it must have been a hoax. I rang everybody again and said, ‘Don’t buy the champagne and stop throwing your hats in the air!’” said Banville. A voicemail left on Banville’s phone shortly after the announcement explained that there had been a last-minute disagreement among decision-makers. But, after a close listen to the message, Banville noticed that voice was “deeper” than that of the real Mats Malm and lacked the same “smooth” grasp of English. He has since shared the message with the Swedish Academy to investigate the incident. 28．The underlined word “hoax” in the last paragraph probably means_______. A．trick B．game C．event D．joke 29．John Banville assumed that the news was true at first because _______. A．many people considered John Banville was a talented and productive writer B．he has been proposed repeatedly as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature C．the man who called claimed to be the secretary and sounded very convincing D．the so called secretary called half an hour before the awarding ceremony 30．How did Banville possibly feel when he received the second call? A．suspicious and worried B．shocked and disappointed C．sad and ashamed D．angry and guilty 31．We can learn from the passage that _______. A．who was responsible for the hoax will soon be revealed B．the Nobel Prize Committee planned the incident behind the scenes C．the voicemail left on Banville’s phone was probably a cheat D．John Banville will one day be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述约翰·班维尔被电话通知获得诺贝尔文学奖的乌龙事件。 28．词句猜测题。根据最后一段““I realized then that it must have been a hoax. I rang everybody again and said, “Don’t buy the champagne and stop throwing your hats in the air!” said Banville. (班维尔说：“当时我意识到这一定是个hoax。我再次给大家打电话，说：“别买香槟，别再把帽子扔到空中了！”。)”可知，hoax是名词，说明给他打电话的那个人的行为。根据他又给每个人打电话说不要买香槟庆祝了可以推测，他已经意识到那是个骗局，所以hoax的意思是“骗局”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“The man on the phone claimed to be Mats Malm, the secretary of the Nobel Prize Committee and he told Banville he would be awarded the prize of this year. And then he also read Banville a formal statement of the achievements he would print about the writer’s work. (电话中的男子自称是诺贝尔奖委员会秘书马特斯·马尔姆，他告诉班维尔，他将获得今年的诺贝尔奖。然后，他还向班维尔宣读了一份正式声明，说明他将发表的关于作家作品的成就。)”和第三段““He was so convincing that I rang everybody I could think of to tell them about this good news.” Banville recalled. (班维尔回忆道：“他很有说服力，我给所有我能想到的人打电话，告诉他们这个好消息。”)”可知，班维尔之所以开始的时候相信，是因为那个人自称是诺贝尔奖委员会秘书马特斯·马尔姆并且宣读了一份正式声明，很有说服力。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I realized then that it must have been a hoax. I rang everybody again and said, ‘Don’t buy the champagne and stop throwing your hats in the air!’” said Banville. (班维尔说：“当时我意识到这一定是个hoax。我再次给大家打电话，说：‘别买香槟，别再把帽子扔到空中了！’”)”可知，班维尔得知自己没有得奖的时候很伤心并且感到羞愧。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He has since shared the message with the Swedish Academy to investigate the incident. (此后，他与瑞典学院分享了这一信息，以调查这一事件。)”可知，到底是谁欺骗班维尔，最终将会被揭露出来。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海市上海中学·期末） “It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat — small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash (溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy.” Leaning down, I touched its skin gently. “It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.” San Ignacio is one of very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leathery fin (鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.” I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.” So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened — “or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.” 32．According to the passage, people can NOT interact with a whale by ________. A．splashing water to it B．gently touching its skin C．swimming alongside it D．looking at it in the eye 33．The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 means that the whale ________. A．is mad with too many visitors B．is willing to be petted by people on the boat C．can interact with people based on its likes D．can decide its preferred swimming route 34．Why does the author consider it “a blessing” when a large mama whale approaches the boat? A．Because she is smarter than her child and better at interacting with people. B．Because she believes in people and will not turn violent if her baby is harmed. C．Because a whale as large as this one is rare to see. D．Because she trusts people despite her concerns about her child’s safety. 35．What is the best title for this passage? A．Preserving the Devil Fish in Laguna San Ignacio B．A Beautiful Encounter with Gray Whales C．A Risky but Exciting Whale-Watching Journey D．Appropriate Ways to Interact with Gray Whales 【答案】32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sara Clemence和孩子们在圣伊格纳西奥湖的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，展现了人与自然的和谐共处。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As instructed, we splash (溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby.(按照指示，我们用力泼水，向这头巨大的鲸鱼发出信号，原来它是一位带着几周大婴儿的母亲)”和“Leaning down, I touched its skin gently.(我俯下身，轻轻地摸了摸它的皮肤)”和第三段中的“So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact(因此，我们是两个物种，通过触摸和眼神接触交流)”可知，人们可以通过向鲸鱼泼水、轻抚鲸鱼的皮肤、跟鲸鱼进行眼神接触来互动。文中没有提到可以和鲸鱼一起游泳，C项错误。故选C。 33．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leathery fin (鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.”(如果你幸运的话，你可以“与坚韧的鳍握手”，甚至可以“在冰冷、咸涩的脸颊上吻上一吻”)”及下文“Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.”(就像那只小鲸鱼：“我们见过它几次，它似乎喜欢被抚摸和被泼水。”)”可知，这些靠近船只的鲸鱼都是按照自己的方式和人们互动的。由此可知，does so on its own terms指的是“鲸鱼可以根据自己的喜好与人互动”。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes it feel even more  of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale  approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into  my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child,  “she still decides to trust us.”(当我们在那里的第三天，一头大型鲸鱼妈妈靠近船时，这让我们感觉更像是一种祝福。“当我感觉到她的鼻子压在我的手上时，我正在溅水。”虽然她比她的孩子“更聪明，更警觉”，但“她仍然决定相信我们。”)”可推知，当这只大型鲸鱼妈妈靠近他们的船时，作者感到这是一种“祝福”，因为尽管她会担心自己孩子们的安全，但她依然选择相信人类。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat — small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it.(我和孩子们坐在一艘18英尺长的船上，船足够小，如果一头灰鲸在旁边游动，我们就可以把手伸下水里。然后我们看到了我们来这里的目的：一场心形的阵雨和一团黑块在它下面冲来。)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要描述了作者和孩子们的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅。由此可知，B项“一场与灰鲸的美丽邂逅”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $