专题16 阅读理解（议论文）（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题16阅读理解议论文 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题（重点） 3 考点二：论据分析与细节理解题（常考点） 4 考点三：论证方法识别与作用题（难点） 5 考点四：作者态度题（重点） 7 考点五：推理判断题（常考点） 8 考点六：词义猜测题（难点） 9 实战精练与提升 10 一、考试要求 阅读理解议论文是江苏春季高考英语的核心题体裁之一，占阅读理解分值的30%左右，涵盖社会热点、文化教育、科学伦理、人生哲理等题材。其核心考查识别论点、分析论据、培养论证逻辑能力，具有观点鲜明、逻辑严谨、论据充分的特点。二轮复习需突破论点定位模糊、论据与论点关联不清、论证逻辑混乱、作者态度误判等痛点，通过语篇特征拆解+解题技巧落地+针对性训练的模式，实现解题精度与效率的双重提升，助力学生在该题型中稳拿基础分、冲刺高分。 考生需做到： 1. 能快速识别议论文的中心论点（明确论点 / 隐含论点）及分论点； 2. 能分析论据的类型（事实论据 / 道理论据）及其对论点的支撑作用； 3. 能梳理论证结构（总分、递进、对照、驳论）及论证逻辑； 4. 能识别常见论证方法（举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证、因果论证）及其作用； 5. 能精准定位细节信息（论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系）； 6. 能结合语境猜测陌生词汇、抽象词汇的含义； 7. 能判断作者的态度、观点及写作意图； 8. 能概括文章主旨大意，提炼核心观点。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 （近5年） 考查内容 命题趋势 主旨大意题 5年8考 概括中心论点、分论点、提炼标题、归纳主旨 2026年仍为考查重点，侧重隐含论点的提炼 推理判断题 5年7考 推断论据作用、论证逻辑、作者意图、观点倾向 2026年可能考查论证方法作用推断类题目 细节理解题 5年6考 论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系词、结论细节 2026年侧重论据与论点的关联分析 作者态度题 5年5考 作者对话题的态度 2026年可能结合社会热点话题考查态度判断 词义猜测题 5年4考 抽象词汇、逻辑连接词、态度类词汇、指代关系 2026年可能结合论证逻辑词考查词义 论证方法题 5年3考 识别论证方法、分析方法作用 2026年可能在语篇分析题中渗透方法判断 指代判断题 5年2考 代词指代论点/论据 2026年可能结合长难句考查指代关系 · 考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题 解题策略 1. 定位中心论点：首段首句或尾句（开门见山式）； 转折词后（however、but、yet后，驳斥旧观点后提出新观点）； 总结词后（therefore、in conclusion、thus后，归纳得出观点）； 尾段（总结升华式，前文铺垫后收尾提出观点）； 2. 区分论点与论据：论点是观点性语句，论据是事实/道理支撑（如for example、according to studies后为 论据）； 3. 概括主旨：中心论点+核心论据关键词，排除仅涉及单一论据的选项。 一、核心解读 论点是议论文的灵魂，主旨大意题本质是中心论点的同义替换。解题关键是去论据、留观点，避免被具体案例、数据等细节干扰。 二、典型例句 ①开门见山式论点 Handwriting is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive benefits. 中心论点：手写对大脑健康和发展至关重要，具有多种认知益处。 ②转折引出论点 Many people think handwriting is outdated. However, recent research suggests it has significant cognitive benefits. 中心论点：很多人认为手写过时了，但最近研究表明它有显著的认知益处。 ③总结得出论点 Thus, it is clear that handwriting is not a past entertainment but a valuable activity that enhances brain health and learning. 中心论点：因此，手写显然不是过时的娱乐，而是提升大脑健康和学习能力的宝贵活动。 ④分论点支撑 Handwriting benefits brain health. Additionally, it improves learning and memory. Moreover, it strengthens cognitive development. 中心论点：手写有益大脑健康；此外，它提升学习和记忆；而且，它强化认知发展。 例题 In an era of digital technology, the art of writing by hand has slowly been downgraded to a past entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we should reevaluate the potential benefits it may have on our mental capacities. According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections... Handwriting isn’t just good for our brains' health—it also has clear, practical benefits... Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been on the decline... It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem-solving skills. 1. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To illustrate a finding on handwriting. B. To emphasize the importance of handwriting. C. To show the wide application of handwriting. D. To introduce the artistic value of handwriting. · 考点二：论据分析与细节理解题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 提取题干关键词：优先抓论点词（如handwriting, AI）、论据关键词（数据、案例、研究名称）、逻辑词（because、for example、according to）； 2. 定位论据位置：论据通常紧跟论点后，或为分论点的支撑材料（for example、studies show、research indicates 后为论据）； 3. 分析论据作用：对比原文论据细节与选项，重点核对数据、案例对象、逻辑关系，排除与论点无关的干扰项。 一、核心解读 细节理解题在议论文中多考查论据细节，解题关键是找到论据并关联论点，避免孤立看待细节，需明确该细节支撑的核心观点。 二、典型例句 ①事实论据 Geothermal electricity accounts for around 1% of global generation, which is set to triple by 2050. 数据支撑地热发电前景广阔的论点。 ②事实论据 Students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes. 案例支撑手写提升学习效果的分论点。 ③道理论据 Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful. 名言支撑人生的意义在于有用的中心论点。 ④事实论据 A study found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated for participants who wrote by hand. 实验支撑手写刺激大脑连接的分论点。 例题 If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. 1. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. · 考点三：论证方法识别与作用题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 识别常见论证方法及特征：举例论证：for example、for instance、such as、具体案例或数据； 道理论证：引用名言、公理、研究结论； 对比论证：in contrast、on the other hand、while、compared with； 比喻论证：like、as、be compared to； 因果论证：because、so、therefore、as a result； 2. 分析论证方法作用：举例论证：使论点更具体、更有说服力； 道理论证：增强论点的权威性和可信度； 对比论证：突出论点的正确性或优越性； 比喻论证：使论点更生动、更易懂； 因果论证：明确论点与论据的逻辑关系，增强说服力。 一、核心解读 论证方法是连接论点与论据的桥梁，识别方法的关键是抓特征词，分析作用的核心是该方法如何支撑论点。 二、典型例句 ①举例论证 Handwriting improves learning. For example, students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes. 作用：用学生的案例使手写提升学习的论点更具体可信。 ②对比论证 Digital reading is convenient, but paper reading helps with deeper understanding. In contrast, e-book readers often skip pages, while paper book readers tend to take notes. 作用：通过对比突出纸质阅读更利于深度理解的论点。 ③比喻论证 Attitude is like a steering wheel. Its direction determines where you go in life. 作用：将态度比作方向盘，使态度决定人生方向的论点更生动易懂。 ④道理论证 As Confucius said, “Learning without thought is labor lost.” This proves that critical thinking is essential for effective learning. 作用：引用孔子的名言增强批判性思维对学习至关重要的论点权威性。 例题 What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve the desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel (方向盘). 1. How does the author express his arguments in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By reasoning. C．By using metaphors. D．By making comparisons. · 考点四：作者态度题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 抓态度词：褒义：supportive（支持的）、appreciative（赞赏的）、positive（积极的）、optimistic（乐观的）、valuable（有价值的）； 贬义：critical（批判的）、negative（消极的）、opposed（反对的）、doubtful（怀疑的）、harmful（有害的）； 中性：neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、informative（提供信息的）、analytical（分析性的）； 2. 分析论证倾向：支持：论据多为正面案例、积极数据，逻辑词多用 therefore、thus 表肯定； 反对：论据多为负面案例、问题数据，逻辑词多用 however、but 表转折批判； 中立：既呈现正面论据，也呈现负面论据，无明显倾向词； 3. 整合观点表述：重点关注首段观点句、尾段总结句、转折词后的观点，综合判断态度。 一、核心解读 作者态度题的关键是通过态度词和论证倾向判断，避免仅凭个别词汇下结论，需结合全文论据和观点综合分析。 二、典型例句 ①支持态度 Handwriting is a valuable activity that enhances brain health and learning. It is time we reevaluate its importance. 态度词 valuable、reevaluate its importance→支持 ②批判态度 The overuse of AI in education is harmful. It reduces students’ critical thinking and creativity, which are essential for their development. 态度词harmful、reduces→批判 ③中立态度 Online education has advantages such as flexibility, but it also lacks face-to-face interaction. It is up to us to use it wisely. 既提优势也提劣势，无倾向词→中立 ④乐观态度 Despite current challenges, renewable energy is set to play a key role in the low-carbon future. With technological progress, its potential will be fully explored. 态度词 set to play a key role、potential will be fully explored→乐观 例题 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often ‘no’. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding... Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What is the author’s attitude towards print reading? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. · 考点五：推理判断题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 定位推理依据：优先找论点、论据细节、逻辑词（because、so、however、thus）； 2. 分析逻辑关系：论据→论点：根据论据推断其支撑的观点； 论点→结论：根据中心论点推断合理结论； 因果推理：根据因推断果或根据果推断因； 3. 避免过度解读：推理需基于文本信息，不添加个人主观观点，确保 “有据可依”； 4. 匹配选项验证：排除与论点矛盾、无文本支撑、过度绝对的选项。 一、核心解读 议论文的推理判断题多围绕论证逻辑展开，解题关键是理清论点与论据的关系，推断隐含的观点、结论或论证意图。 二、典型例句 ①论据→论点推理 A study found that 80% of students who used paper books scored higher. 推理：Paper books are more effective for students’ academic performance. ②论点→结论推理 Environmental protection is everyone’s responsibility. 推理：We should take action to reduce pollution in daily life. ③因果推理 Handwriting stimulates brain connections. Students who write by hand have better memory. 推理：Handwriting improves memory by stimulating brain connections. 例题 That’s why this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. 1. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. · 考点六：词义猜测题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 逻辑线索：转折关系（but、however）：词义与前文相反； 因果关系（because、so）：词义与因果逻辑一致； 并列关系（and、or）：词义与前文相近； 2. 论点论据关联：词汇含义需符合其所在论点或论据的核心； 3. 指代线索：代词（it/they/this）多指代前文的论点、论据核心词； 4. 构词法线索：拆分词根、前缀、后缀。 一、核心解读 议论文的词义猜测多与论点、论据相关，解题需结合逻辑关系和语篇主旨，避免孤立猜测词汇含义。二、典型例句 ①逻辑线索（转折） Some people think AI is dangerous; however, others believe it is beneficial. beneficial与dangerous词义相反，beneficial意为有益的。 ②论点论据关联 Handwriting is a cognitive activity that enhances brain development. 论点是手写有益大脑，cognitive意为认知的。 ③指代线索 The policy aims to reduce pollution. It will be implemented next year. it 指代前文论点，意为该政策。 ④构词法线索 The author is optimistic about the future of renewable energy. optim（最佳）+istic，optimistic意为乐观的。 例题 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage, to ones that require mental abstraction, such as drawing inferences from a text. 1. What does the underlined phrase shine through mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 一、模拟基础练 Passage 1 Most parents are worried the first time they catch their kids out in a lie. According to child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, lying can actually be a sign of healthy development in young children. “Kids lie for many reasons, and much of it is normal,” DeSilva says. “People are not born with the knowledge of communicating with others and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different communication styles and techniques until they find the ones that work best for them. Lying is one of those techniques.” As kids get older, they become more aware of how their actions affect others, and many will lie less frequently. In spite of this, parents still need to lead their kids to form a habit of not lying. According to DeSilva, when children lie, look at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell you, gently remind them that telling you directly will be more effective than lying. It’s also a good idea to model the behavior you want to see in your kids. In other words, don’t lie to your children. This will set you and your children on a course of open communication and trust. In some cases, lying is a sign of a deeper issue. A child who is neglected will lie more than a child who has attentive and responsive parents. He’s not sure whether he’s loved. He may lie to please others. The same goes for a child who has experienced something unpleasant. He may lie to try to hide his shame, avoid admitting his needs, or to control his surroundings to ensure his safety. By paying attention to the reasons behind a lie, parents can figure out what needs to be done. For example, while Jack might lie about completing his homework in order to play video games, he also might be trying to avoid negative feelings connected with school work, and this is just where parents should start, says therapist Gideon Javna. 1．What can be inferred about lying from DeSilva’s words? A．It has certain benefits for the healthy growth of kids. B．It shows the understanding between kids and parents. C．It can be an effective means of communication for kids. D．It is so common for kids that parents can completely ignore it. 2．How can parents get their children to tell the truth? A．By pretending to trust them at first. B．By encouraging them to admit their needs. C．By telling them directly the harm of lying. D．By punishing them for their lying in a safe way. 3．The author mentioned the two kids in Paragraph 4 to show _____________. A．It’s common for children to lie B．It’s important to be a generous parent C．Lying can damage family relationships D．lying is a reflection of one’s mental trouble 4．What should Jack’s parents do according to Javna? A．Ask him to avoid playing video games. B．Turn his attention to other positive things. C．Give him a second chance to finish homework. D．Listen to and help solve his problem related to school work. Passage 2 Attitude actually is mental energy and from the moment you are awake in the morning until you fall asleep at night, you are continuously producing this mental energy, or attitude. There is never a time when you can have a neutral attitude. Your attitude right now is either positive or negative. Your attitude determines your altitude. For example, as a plane is in the air, it has an altitude indicator. The indicator tells the pilot in which direction the plane is going, up or down. Just like the plane, you too have an altitude indicator and you’re the pilot of your plane. The feeling that you gain when something is wrong or what you are doing is not right serves as your altitude indicator. We all have an attitude to our thinking which determines our destiny. In fact, attitude is a matter of choice. It determines the size of our dreams and influences our determination when we face new challenges and the thing is, no one can control your attitude but you. No one can make us angry. We make ourselves angry when we give in to that control of our attitude and when people do things to anger us. All it does is put our attitude to the test. We have that choice every morning of what kind of attitude we are going to have for the rest of the day. Attitude is everything. To begin with every problem is an adventure. To fall, rise and try again is what we call adventure and that’s the real fun of life. Failure is not a bad thing but another chance for success. Dreaming of becoming successful is not enough. There’ ll be a lot of things you hate doing, but you have to do them all and that’s a success. With a positive attitude, you’ll have the ability to be happier every day, make others around you happier, and live a good life. 5．What does the author want to stress with the example in Paragraph 2? A．Attitude’s role in people’s future development. B．The importance of pilots ‘ feelings in flight. C．People’s correct judgement of their life direction. D．The application of altitude indicators in various fields. 6．What are people doing when they try to anger us according to the author? A．They’re trying to control our feelings. B．They’re testing our attitude. C．They’ re challenging our bottom line. D．They’ re reminding us of possible failure. 7．What does the author think of the adventure in life? A．Dangerous and tiring. B．Annoying and understandable. C．Difficult but meaningful. D．Exciting and necessary. 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．How to achieve a positive attitude? B．How is attitude formed? C．What is attitude? D．What’s the power of a positive attitude? Passage 3 Every school has its rules. The rules are different. Here some students are talking about their school rules.Peter Our school asks students to wear uniforms, for example, sports clothes or skirts. Students must tell their schools when they go to the movies or leave home in the evening. Zhang Hua Students in our school can’t eat gum, because it’s hard to clean. And we can’t eat lunch at school. And we must speak Putonghua at school. Students in our school can’t have long hair. We can’t get into school with other school’s students. Mike Students in our school must wear sports shoes at school every day. And we can’t wear slippers (拖鞋) to school because they are not safe. We easily fall down. 9．The students can’t leave home in the evening in ____ school, if they don’t tell their schools. A．Peter’s B．Zhang Hua’s C．Mike’s D．Peter and Mike’s 10．Why can’t the students eat gum in Zhang Hua’s school? A．It is not terrible. B．It’s hard to clean. C．They have no time. D．They have no money. 11．Zhang Hua must  ____ at school. A．have long hair B．take other schools’ students to school C．speak Putonghua D．eat lunch 12．Why can’t students in Mike’s school wear slippers? A．They are safe. B．They are not safe. C．They are good. D．They are right. Passage 4 Should high school students be required to take a course in financial literacy? Some people think it is extremely necessary. They argue that in today’s society, students need to understand basic financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, and managing debt. This knowledge will help them make better financial decisions in the future, whether it’s about college loans, buying a car, or starting a career. On the other hand, some opponents believe that high school students already have a heavy workload with core academic subjects. Adding a financial literacy course might overwhelm them and take away time from other important studies. They also think that financial knowledge can be learned later in life through personal experiences or other means. In my opinion, while high school students do have a busy schedule, the importance of financial literacy cannot be overlooked. A well-designed financial literacy course can be integrated into the curriculum without overburdening students and will equip them with essential life skills. 13．What is the main topic of this article? A．The importance of core academic subjects. B．The debate about a financial literacy course for high school students. C．How to manage personal finances. D．The future career choices of high school students. 14．Why do some people support a financial literacy course for high school students? A．It will make students rich. B．It helps students understand basic financial concepts for future decisions. C．It is an easy course. D．It replaces other unnecessary courses. 15．What is an argument against the course according to opponents? A．It is too expensive to teach. B．It is not relevant to students' lives. C．It will add to students’ workload and can be learned later. D．There are no qualified teachers. 16．What is the author‘s view? A．Against the course. B．Fully support the course without any conditions. C．Believe it can be integrated into the curriculum with benefits. D．Think it should be an elective course. Passage 5 The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. Around the world, millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move. We do not tend to think of trees as migratory. They are slow-growing and rooted to the ground. Faced with this problem, the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number proposing a radical, controversial solution: we help the trees on their march. Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilometres north, within the country and from abroad. Others say entire ecosystems should be translocated, moving multiple species at once. The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. But others say those arguments fail to deal with the speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis. “Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines, and then, as I got more independent in my research, I realised that’s impossible. We are changing the climate so much, so we have to be a little more inventive. When we have examples of assisted migration, it’s often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options,” said Sarah Dalrymple, a conservation ecologist from Liverpool University, who is part of the task force. She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” 17．What is the problem facing ancient trees in London? A．Long summer. B．Habitat destruction. C．Extreme weather. D．Slow growth. 18．Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with? A．Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible. B．Assisted migration may contribute to bad results. C．Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems. D．Native species can survive changes by themselves. 19．What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph? A．Stop changing the climate. B．Have more options to help species. C．Help native trees to adapt to climate changes. D．Take action earlier to prevent species’ extinction. 20．What might be the author’s attitude towards assisted migration? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 二、重难提升练 Passage 1 You have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “Men have become the tools of their tools.” That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most of the time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1．What does “contrarian” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A defender of a right. B．A supporter of an idea. C．An objector to a value. D．An advocate of a principle. 2．Why did Thoreau escape to the woods? A．He was abandoned by society. B．He tried to prove his independence. C．He enjoyed adventures in the forest. D．He was fed up with busy industrial life. 3．Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To discuss the effect of modernization. B．To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C．To highlight the extensive use of technology. D．To show the convenience of technological tools. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Quitting social media. B．Withdrawing into the woods. C．Using technology wisely. D．Living an extremely simple life. Passage 2 No matter how you feel about it, AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partially exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期),where you can perform incredibly well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that distinctly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get comfortable with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 5．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Making decisions. D．Releasing new products. 6．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing AI in life is effortless. 7．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 8．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To discuss ways to get relevant to AI. B．To explore human emotions AI affects. C．To present arguments AI has caused D．To exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces. Passage 3 We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of a keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike. Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citations and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency. However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole. That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision to individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it. 9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The importance of academic writing. B．The potential users of AI-powered writing. C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars. D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses. 10．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI? A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 11．Who has the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities? A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors. C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools. 12．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing? A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky. C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond. Passage 4 When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias; in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 13．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 14．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 15．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 16．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations Passage 5 In Georgia, students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkansans plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to storing memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 17．Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A．Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B．Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C．Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D．Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 18．What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Unclear. 19．What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 20．How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing causes. C．By displaying methods. D．By listing figures. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题16阅读理解议论文 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题（重点） 3 考点二：论据分析与细节理解题（常考点） 4 考点三：论证方法识别与作用题（难点） 6 考点四：作者态度题（重点） 7 考点五：推理判断题（常考点） 9 考点六：词义猜测题（难点） 10 实战精练与提升 11 一、考试要求 阅读理解议论文是江苏春季高考英语的核心体裁之一，占阅读理解分值的30%左右，涵盖社会热点、文化教育、科学伦理、人生哲理等题材。其核心考查识别论点、分析论据、培养论证逻辑能力，具有观点鲜明、逻辑严谨、论据充分的特点。二轮复习需突破论点定位模糊、论据与论点关联不清、论证逻辑混乱、作者态度误判等痛点，通过语篇特征拆解+解题技巧落地+针对性训练的模式，实现解题精度与效率的双重提升，助力学生在该题型中稳拿基础分、冲刺高分。 考生需做到： 1. 能快速识别议论文的中心论点（明确论点 / 隐含论点）及分论点； 2. 能分析论据的类型（事实论据 / 道理论据）及其对论点的支撑作用； 3. 能梳理论证结构（总分、递进、对照、驳论）及论证逻辑； 4. 能识别常见论证方法（举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证、因果论证）及其作用； 5. 能精准定位细节信息（论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系）； 6. 能结合语境猜测陌生词汇、抽象词汇的含义； 7. 能判断作者的态度、观点及写作意图； 8. 能概括文章主旨大意，提炼核心观点。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 （近5年） 考查内容 命题趋势 主旨大意题 5年8考 概括中心论点、分论点、提炼标题、归纳主旨 2026年仍为考查重点，侧重隐含论点的提炼 推理判断题 5年7考 推断论据作用、论证逻辑、作者意图、观点倾向 2026年可能考查论证方法作用推断类题目 细节理解题 5年6考 论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系词、结论细节 2026年侧重论据与论点的关联分析 作者态度题 5年5考 作者对话题的态度 2026年可能结合社会热点话题考查态度判断 词义猜测题 5年4考 抽象词汇、逻辑连接词、态度类词汇、指代关系 2026年可能结合论证逻辑词考查词义 论证方法题 5年3考 识别论证方法、分析方法作用 2026年可能在语篇分析题中渗透方法判断 指代判断题 5年2考 代词指代论点/论据 2026年可能结合长难句考查指代关系 · 考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题 解题策略 1. 定位中心论点：首段首句或尾句（开门见山式）； 转折词后（however、but、yet后，驳斥旧观点后提出新观点）； 总结词后（therefore、in conclusion、thus后，归纳得出观点）； 尾段（总结升华式，前文铺垫后收尾提出观点）； 2. 区分论点与论据：论点是观点性语句，论据是事实/道理支撑（如for example、according to studies后为 论据）； 3. 概括主旨：中心论点+核心论据关键词，排除仅涉及单一论据的选项。 一、核心解读 论点是议论文的灵魂，主旨大意题本质是中心论点的同义替换。解题关键是去论据、留观点，避免被具体案例、数据等细节干扰。 二、典型例句 ①开门见山式论点 Handwriting is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive benefits. 中心论点：手写对大脑健康和发展至关重要，具有多种认知益处。 ②转折引出论点 Many people think handwriting is outdated. However, recent research suggests it has significant cognitive benefits. 中心论点：很多人认为手写过时了，但最近研究表明它有显著的认知益处。 ③总结得出论点 Thus, it is clear that handwriting is not a past entertainment but a valuable activity that enhances brain health and learning. 中心论点：因此，手写显然不是过时的娱乐，而是提升大脑健康和学习能力的宝贵活动。 ④分论点支撑 Handwriting benefits brain health. Additionally, it improves learning and memory. Moreover, it strengthens cognitive development. 中心论点：手写有益大脑健康；此外，它提升学习和记忆；而且，它强化认知发展。 例题 In an era of digital technology, the art of writing by hand has slowly been downgraded to a past entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential to brain health and development, having multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we should reevaluate the potential benefits it may have on our mental capacities. According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections... Handwriting isn’t just good for our brains' health—it also has clear, practical benefits... Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been on the decline... It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem-solving skills. 1. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To illustrate a finding on handwriting. B. To emphasize the importance of handwriting. C. To show the wide application of handwriting. D. To introduce the artistic value of handwriting. 【答案】B 【解析】第一步，定位中心论点：首段转折词 however 后 “this physical act is essential to brain health and development”（手写对大脑健康和发展至关重要）；第二步，整合分论点：大脑健康、实际价值（学习记忆）、认知发展；第三步，匹配选项：A（说明发现）仅为论据，C（广泛应用）未提及，D（艺术价值）偏离核心，B（强调手写的重要性）符合中心论点，故选 B。 · 考点二：论据分析与细节理解题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 提取题干关键词：优先抓论点词（如handwriting, AI）、论据关键词（数据、案例、研究名称）、逻辑词（because、for example、according to）； 2. 定位论据位置：论据通常紧跟论点后，或为分论点的支撑材料（for example、studies show、research indicates 后为论据）； 3. 分析论据作用：对比原文论据细节与选项，重点核对数据、案例对象、逻辑关系，排除与论点无关的干扰项。 一、核心解读 细节理解题在议论文中多考查论据细节，解题关键是找到论据并关联论点，避免孤立看待细节，需明确该细节支撑的核心观点。 二、典型例句 ①事实论据 Geothermal electricity accounts for around 1% of global generation, which is set to triple by 2050. 数据支撑地热发电前景广阔的论点。 ②事实论据 Students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes. 案例支撑手写提升学习效果的分论点。 ③道理论据 Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful. 名言支撑人生的意义在于有用的中心论点。 ④事实论据 A study found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated for participants who wrote by hand. 实验支撑手写刺激大脑连接的分论点。 例题 If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. 1. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. 【答案】D 第一步，定位论点：首段 “不能仅通过文本讲述世界历史，大多数地区没有文本，还需借助实物”；第二步，分析论据：Captain Cook 的案例是 “有文字社会与无文字社会的冲突”，有文字的英国有报告，无文字的澳大利亚土著只有盾牌；第三步，关联论点与论据：该案例支撑 “仅靠文本的历史记录是片面的”，故选 D；A（科学报告）、B（代表当地人）、C（统治该地区）均与论点无关。 · 考点三：论证方法识别与作用题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 识别常见论证方法及特征：举例论证：for example、for instance、such as、具体案例或数据； 道理论证：引用名言、公理、研究结论； 对比论证：in contrast、on the other hand、while、compared with； 比喻论证：like、as、be compared to； 因果论证：because、so、therefore、as a result； 2. 分析论证方法作用：举例论证：使论点更具体、更有说服力； 道理论证：增强论点的权威性和可信度； 对比论证：突出论点的正确性或优越性； 比喻论证：使论点更生动、更易懂； 因果论证：明确论点与论据的逻辑关系，增强说服力。 一、核心解读 论证方法是连接论点与论据的桥梁，识别方法的关键是抓特征词，分析作用的核心是该方法如何支撑论点。 二、典型例句 ①举例论证 Handwriting improves learning. For example, students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes. 作用：用学生的案例使手写提升学习的论点更具体可信。 ②对比论证 Digital reading is convenient, but paper reading helps with deeper understanding. In contrast, e-book readers often skip pages, while paper book readers tend to take notes. 作用：通过对比突出纸质阅读更利于深度理解的论点。 ③比喻论证 Attitude is like a steering wheel. Its direction determines where you go in life. 作用：将态度比作方向盘，使态度决定人生方向的论点更生动易懂。 ④道理论证 As Confucius said, “Learning without thought is labor lost.” This proves that critical thinking is essential for effective learning. 作用：引用孔子的名言增强批判性思维对学习至关重要的论点权威性。 例题 What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve the desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel (方向盘). 1. How does the author express his arguments in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By reasoning. C．By using metaphors. D．By making comparisons. 【答案】C 第一步，识别特征词：“If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel”（如果爱是汽车的发动机，知识就是方向盘）；第二步，匹配方法：将 “爱” 和 “知识” 比作 “发动机” 和 “方向盘”，属于比喻论证；第三步，分析作用：使 “爱与知识对美好生活都至关重要” 的论点更生动易懂，故选 C。 · 考点四：作者态度题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 抓态度词：褒义：supportive（支持的）、appreciative（赞赏的）、positive（积极的）、optimistic（乐观的）、valuable（有价值的）； 贬义：critical（批判的）、negative（消极的）、opposed（反对的）、doubtful（怀疑的）、harmful（有害的）； 中性：neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、informative（提供信息的）、analytical（分析性的）； 2. 分析论证倾向：支持：论据多为正面案例、积极数据，逻辑词多用 therefore、thus 表肯定； 反对：论据多为负面案例、问题数据，逻辑词多用 however、but 表转折批判； 中立：既呈现正面论据，也呈现负面论据，无明显倾向词； 3. 整合观点表述：重点关注首段观点句、尾段总结句、转折词后的观点，综合判断态度。 一、核心解读 作者态度题的关键是通过态度词和论证倾向判断，避免仅凭个别词汇下结论，需结合全文论据和观点综合分析。 二、典型例句 ①支持态度 Handwriting is a valuable activity that enhances brain health and learning. It is time we reevaluate its importance. 态度词 valuable、reevaluate its importance→支持 ②批判态度 The overuse of AI in education is harmful. It reduces students’ critical thinking and creativity, which are essential for their development. 态度词harmful、reduces→批判 ③中立态度 Online education has advantages such as flexibility, but it also lacks face-to-face interaction. It is up to us to use it wisely. 既提优势也提劣势，无倾向词→中立 ④乐观态度 Despite current challenges, renewable energy is set to play a key role in the low-carbon future. With technological progress, its potential will be fully explored. 态度词 set to play a key role、potential will be fully explored→乐观 例题 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often ‘no’. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding... Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What is the author’s attitude towards print reading? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 【答案】B 【解析】第一步，抓态度词：“learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper”（纸质阅读的学习更成功）、“maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for”（需要专注和反思时，纸质阅读能最大化学习效果）；第二步，分析论证倾向：引用研究证实纸质阅读的优势，仅提及数字媒体的补充作用；第三步，判断态度：支持纸质阅读，故选B。 · 考点五：推理判断题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 定位推理依据：优先找论点、论据细节、逻辑词（because、so、however、thus）； 2. 分析逻辑关系：论据→论点：根据论据推断其支撑的观点； 论点→结论：根据中心论点推断合理结论； 因果推理：根据因推断果或根据果推断因； 3. 避免过度解读：推理需基于文本信息，不添加个人主观观点，确保 “有据可依”； 4. 匹配选项验证：排除与论点矛盾、无文本支撑、过度绝对的选项。 一、核心解读 议论文的推理判断题多围绕论证逻辑展开，解题关键是理清论点与论据的关系，推断隐含的观点、结论或论证意图。 二、典型例句 ①论据→论点推理 A study found that 80% of students who used paper books scored higher. 推理：Paper books are more effective for students’ academic performance. ②论点→结论推理 Environmental protection is everyone’s responsibility. 推理：We should take action to reduce pollution in daily life. ③因果推理 Handwriting stimulates brain connections. Students who write by hand have better memory. 推理：Handwriting improves memory by stimulating brain connections. 例题 That’s why this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. 1. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【答案】B 第一步，定位论点：前句 “this issue aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending”（本期杂志旨在帮助读者写出最佳结局）；第二步，分析论据作用：提及 Peter 和 Elizabeth 的做法（分解技巧、分析小说结局）是为了支撑 “杂志帮助读者写结局” 的主题；第三步，推理意图：强调本期杂志的主题，故选 B；A（伟大小说家）、C（鼓励为杂志写作）、D（推荐新书）均无文本支撑。 · 考点六：词义猜测题 · 解题技巧 解题策略 1. 逻辑线索：转折关系（but、however）：词义与前文相反； 因果关系（because、so）：词义与因果逻辑一致； 并列关系（and、or）：词义与前文相近； 2. 论点论据关联：词汇含义需符合其所在论点或论据的核心； 3. 指代线索：代词（it/they/this）多指代前文的论点、论据核心词； 4. 构词法线索：拆分词根、前缀、后缀。 一、核心解读 议论文的词义猜测多与论点、论据相关，解题需结合逻辑关系和语篇主旨，避免孤立猜测词汇含义。二、典型例句 ①逻辑线索（转折） Some people think AI is dangerous; however, others believe it is beneficial. beneficial与dangerous词义相反，beneficial意为有益的。 ②论点论据关联 Handwriting is a cognitive activity that enhances brain development. 论点是手写有益大脑，cognitive意为认知的。 ③指代线索 The policy aims to reduce pollution. It will be implemented next year. it 指代前文论点，意为该政策。 ④构词法线索 The author is optimistic about the future of renewable energy. optim（最佳）+istic，optimistic意为乐观的。 例题 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage, to ones that require mental abstraction, such as drawing inferences from a text. 1. What does the underlined phrase shine through mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 【答案】D 【解析】第一步，定位逻辑关系：前文 “learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper”（纸质阅读更成功），后文对比简单任务与复杂任务；第二步，分析词汇语境：纸质阅读的优势在复杂任务中 “更突出”；第三步，匹配选项：D（变得容易被注意到）符合语境，故选 D；A（不可能持久）、B（难以解释）、C（准备好使用）均不符合。 一、模拟基础练 Passage 1 Most parents are worried the first time they catch their kids out in a lie. According to child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, lying can actually be a sign of healthy development in young children. “Kids lie for many reasons, and much of it is normal,” DeSilva says. “People are not born with the knowledge of communicating with others and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different communication styles and techniques until they find the ones that work best for them. Lying is one of those techniques.” As kids get older, they become more aware of how their actions affect others, and many will lie less frequently. In spite of this, parents still need to lead their kids to form a habit of not lying. According to DeSilva, when children lie, look at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell you, gently remind them that telling you directly will be more effective than lying. It’s also a good idea to model the behavior you want to see in your kids. In other words, don’t lie to your children. This will set you and your children on a course of open communication and trust. In some cases, lying is a sign of a deeper issue. A child who is neglected will lie more than a child who has attentive and responsive parents. He’s not sure whether he’s loved. He may lie to please others. The same goes for a child who has experienced something unpleasant. He may lie to try to hide his shame, avoid admitting his needs, or to control his surroundings to ensure his safety. By paying attention to the reasons behind a lie, parents can figure out what needs to be done. For example, while Jack might lie about completing his homework in order to play video games, he also might be trying to avoid negative feelings connected with school work, and this is just where parents should start, says therapist Gideon Javna. 1．What can be inferred about lying from DeSilva’s words? A．It has certain benefits for the healthy growth of kids. B．It shows the understanding between kids and parents. C．It can be an effective means of communication for kids. D．It is so common for kids that parents can completely ignore it. 2．How can parents get their children to tell the truth? A．By pretending to trust them at first. B．By encouraging them to admit their needs. C．By telling them directly the harm of lying. D．By punishing them for their lying in a safe way. 3．The author mentioned the two kids in Paragraph 4 to show _____________. A．It’s common for children to lie B．It’s important to be a generous parent C．Lying can damage family relationships D．lying is a reflection of one’s mental trouble 4．What should Jack’s parents do according to Javna? A．Ask him to avoid playing video games. B．Turn his attention to other positive things. C．Give him a second chance to finish homework. D．Listen to and help solve his problem related to school work. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了家长应该如何看待并处理孩子的撒谎问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中DeSilva说的话““Kids lie for many reasons, and much of it is normal,” DeSilva says. “People are not born with the knowledge of communicating with others and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different communication styles and techniques until they find the ones that work best for them. Lying is one of those techniques.”(“孩子撒谎有很多原因，其中大部分是正常的，”DeSilva说：“人们并非生来就具有与他人沟通和满足自己需求的知识。他们会尝试不同的交流方式和技巧直到他们找到最适合自己的。撒谎就是其中的一项技能”)”可知，孩子们不是一出生就懂得交流的技巧，撒谎只不过是他们在经过尝试后，认为比较有效的一种沟通方法。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to DeSilva, when children lie, look at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell you, gently remind them that telling you directly will be more effective than lying.(根据DeSilva的话，当孩子撒谎时，直接看着他们并问他们需要什么。在他们告诉你后，温柔地告诉他们，直接讲实话比撒谎更有效)”可知，家长要鼓励孩子承认自己的需求。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“In some cases, lying is a sign of a deeper issue.(某些情况里，撒谎是更深层次问题的标志)”，接着举了两个小孩的例子，可知，举这两个小孩的例子是为了说明撒谎反映了更深层次的问题——人们在精神上的问题。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By paying attention to the reasons behind a lie, parents can figure out what needs to be done. For example, while Jack might lie about completing his homework in order to play video games, he also might be trying to avoid negative feelings connected with school work, and this is just where parents should start, says therapist Gideon Javna.(通过关注撒谎背后的原因，父母可以弄明白需要做些什么。例如，当杰克撒谎说完成了作业是为了玩游戏时，其实他也可能试图避免与学业有关的负面情绪，这正是家长应该介入的地方，治疗师Gideon Javna说)”可知，根据Gideon Javna的说法，杰克的父母应该先倾听孩子的问题，并帮助解决作业方面的问题。故选D。 Passage 2 Attitude actually is mental energy and from the moment you are awake in the morning until you fall asleep at night, you are continuously producing this mental energy, or attitude. There is never a time when you can have a neutral attitude. Your attitude right now is either positive or negative. Your attitude determines your altitude. For example, as a plane is in the air, it has an altitude indicator. The indicator tells the pilot in which direction the plane is going, up or down. Just like the plane, you too have an altitude indicator and you’re the pilot of your plane. The feeling that you gain when something is wrong or what you are doing is not right serves as your altitude indicator. We all have an attitude to our thinking which determines our destiny. In fact, attitude is a matter of choice. It determines the size of our dreams and influences our determination when we face new challenges and the thing is, no one can control your attitude but you. No one can make us angry. We make ourselves angry when we give in to that control of our attitude and when people do things to anger us. All it does is put our attitude to the test. We have that choice every morning of what kind of attitude we are going to have for the rest of the day. Attitude is everything. To begin with every problem is an adventure. To fall, rise and try again is what we call adventure and that’s the real fun of life. Failure is not a bad thing but another chance for success. Dreaming of becoming successful is not enough. There’ ll be a lot of things you hate doing, but you have to do them all and that’s a success. With a positive attitude, you’ll have the ability to be happier every day, make others around you happier, and live a good life. 5．What does the author want to stress with the example in Paragraph 2? A．Attitude’s role in people’s future development. B．The importance of pilots ‘ feelings in flight. C．People’s correct judgement of their life direction. D．The application of altitude indicators in various fields. 6．What are people doing when they try to anger us according to the author? A．They’re trying to control our feelings. B．They’re testing our attitude. C．They’ re challenging our bottom line. D．They’ re reminding us of possible failure. 7．What does the author think of the adventure in life? A．Dangerous and tiring. B．Annoying and understandable. C．Difficult but meaningful. D．Exciting and necessary. 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．How to achieve a positive attitude? B．How is attitude formed? C．What is attitude? D．What’s the power of a positive attitude? 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了什么是“态度”以及态度对我们的影响。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Your attitude determines your altitude. For example, as a plane is in the air, it has an altitude indicator. The indicator tells the pilot in which direction the plane is going, up or down. Just like the plane, you too have an altitude indicator and you’re the pilot of your plane. The feeling that you gain when something is wrong or what you are doing is not right serves as your altitude indicator. We all have an attitude to our thinking which determines our destiny.(你的态度决定你的高度。例如，当一架飞机在空中时，它有一个高度指示器。指示灯告诉飞行员飞机的飞行方向，是上升还是下降。就像飞机一样，你也有一个高度指示器，你是飞机的飞行员。当你做错了事情时，你会有一种感觉，这种感觉就是你的高度指示器。我们都有一种态度来决定我们的命运)”可推知，作者想用第二段中的例子强调态度在人们未来发展中的作用。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It determines the size of our dreams and influences our determination when we face new challenges and the thing is, no one can control your attitude but you. No one can make us angry. We make ourselves angry when we give in to that control of our attitude and when people do things to anger us. All it does is put our attitude to the test.(它决定了我们梦想的大小，影响了我们面对新挑战时的决心，问题是，没有人能控制你的态度，除了你自己。没有人能让我们生气。当我们屈服于对自己态度的控制时，当别人做了让我们生气的事情时，我们会让自己生气。它所做的只是让我们的态度接受考验)”可知，根据作者的说法，当人们试图激怒我们时，他们在考验我们的态度。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Attitude is everything. To begin with every problem is an adventure. To fall, rise and try again is what we call adventure and that’s the real fun of life. Failure is not a bad thing but another chance for success. Dreaming of becoming successful is not enough. There’ll be a lot of things you hate doing, but you have to do them all and that’s a success.(态度就是一切。每一个问题的开始都是一次冒险。跌倒，爬起来，再试一次，这就是我们所说的冒险，这才是生活的真正乐趣。失败不是坏事，而是成功的另一个机会。梦想成功是不够的。你会有很多讨厌做的事情，但你必须把它们都做完，这就是成功)”可推知，作者认为生活中的冒险是令人兴奋和必要的。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Attitude actually is mental energy and from the moment you awake in the morning until you fall asleep at night, you are continuously producing this mental energy, or attitude. There is never a time when you can have a neutral attitude. Your attitude right now is either positive or negative.(态度实际上是一种精神能量，从你早上醒来的那一刻直到你晚上入睡，你都在不断地产生这种精神能量或态度。你永远不可能保持中立的态度。你现在的态度不是积极就是消极)”结合文章主要解释了什么是“态度”以及态度对我们的影响。可知，C选项“态度是什么？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 3 Every school has its rules. The rules are different. Here some students are talking about their school rules.Peter Our school asks students to wear uniforms, for example, sports clothes or skirts. Students must tell their schools when they go to the movies or leave home in the evening. Zhang Hua Students in our school can’t eat gum, because it’s hard to clean. And we can’t eat lunch at school. And we must speak Putonghua at school. Students in our school can’t have long hair. We can’t get into school with other school’s students. Mike Students in our school must wear sports shoes at school every day. And we can’t wear slippers (拖鞋) to school because they are not safe. We easily fall down. 9．The students can’t leave home in the evening in ____ school, if they don’t tell their schools. A．Peter’s B．Zhang Hua’s C．Mike’s D．Peter and Mike’s 10．Why can’t the students eat gum in Zhang Hua’s school? A．It is not terrible. B．It’s hard to clean. C．They have no time. D．They have no money. 11．Zhang Hua must  ____ at school. A．have long hair B．take other schools’ students to school C．speak Putonghua D．eat lunch 12．Why can’t students in Mike’s school wear slippers? A．They are safe. B．They are not safe. C．They are good. D．They are right. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了不同学校的学生谈论他们学校的校规。 9．细节理解题。根据Peter部分中“Students must tell their schools when they go to the movies or leave home in the evening.(学生们去看电影或晚上离开家时必须告诉学校)”可知，如果学生们晚上不告诉学校就离开家，在Peter的学校是不被允许的。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据Zhang Hua部分中“Students in our school can’t eat gum, because it’s hard to clean.(我们学校的学生不能吃口香糖，因为它很难清洁)”可知，在Zhang Hua的学校，学生们不能吃口香糖是因为很难清洁。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据Zhang Hua部分中“And we must speak Putonghua at school.(我们在学校必须说普通话)”可知，张华在学校必须说普通话。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据Mike部分中“And we can’t wear slippers (拖鞋) to school because they are not safe. We easily fall down.(我们不能穿拖鞋上学，因为它们不安全。我们很容易摔倒)”可知，在迈克的学校，学生们不能穿拖鞋是因为它们不安全。故选B项。 Passage 4 Should high school students be required to take a course in financial literacy? Some people think it is extremely necessary. They argue that in today’s society, students need to understand basic financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, and managing debt. This knowledge will help them make better financial decisions in the future, whether it’s about college loans, buying a car, or starting a career. On the other hand, some opponents believe that high school students already have a heavy workload with core academic subjects. Adding a financial literacy course might overwhelm them and take away time from other important studies. They also think that financial knowledge can be learned later in life through personal experiences or other means. In my opinion, while high school students do have a busy schedule, the importance of financial literacy cannot be overlooked. A well-designed financial literacy course can be integrated into the curriculum without overburdening students and will equip them with essential life skills. 13．What is the main topic of this article? A．The importance of core academic subjects. B．The debate about a financial literacy course for high school students. C．How to manage personal finances. D．The future career choices of high school students. 14．Why do some people support a financial literacy course for high school students? A．It will make students rich. B．It helps students understand basic financial concepts for future decisions. C．It is an easy course. D．It replaces other unnecessary courses. 15．What is an argument against the course according to opponents? A．It is too expensive to teach. B．It is not relevant to students' lives. C．It will add to students’ workload and can be learned later. D．There are no qualified teachers. 16．What is the author‘s view? A．Against the course. B．Fully support the course without any conditions. C．Believe it can be integrated into the curriculum with benefits. D．Think it should be an elective course. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程，并介绍了正反两方的观点。 13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should high school students be required to take a course in financial literacy? Some people think it is extremely necessary. (高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程？有些人认为这是非常必要的。)”和第二段“On the other hand, some opponents believe that high school students already have a heavy workload with core academic subjects. (另一方面，一些反对者认为，高中生在核心学术科目上已经有了繁重的工作量。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程，并介绍了正反两方的观点，由此可知，这篇文章的主题是关于高中生金融素养课程的辩论。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some people think it is extremely necessary. They argue that in today’s society, students need to understand basic financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, and managing debt. This knowledge will help them make better financial decisions in the future, whether it’s about college loans, buying a car, or starting a career. (有些人认为这是非常必要的。他们认为，在当今社会，学生需要了解基本的财务概念，如预算、储蓄和债务管理。这些知识将帮助他们在未来做出更好的财务决策，无论是大学贷款、买车还是创业。)”可知，有些人支持高中生的金融素养课程，认为这有助于学生了解基本的财务概念，帮助他们在未来做出更好的财务决策，由此可知，有些人支持高中生的金融素养课程，因为它有助于学生理解未来决策的基本财务概念。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段“On the other hand, some opponents believe that high school students already have a heavy workload with core academic subjects. Adding a financial literacy course might overwhelm them and take away time from other important studies. They also think that financial knowledge can be learned later in life through personal experiences or other means. (另一方面，一些反对者认为，高中生在核心学术科目上已经有了繁重的工作量。增加一门金融素养课程可能会让他们不堪重负，并占用其他重要研究的时间。他们还认为，金融知识可以在以后的生活中通过个人经历或其他方式学习。)”可知，一些反对者认为金融素养课程可能会让高中生不堪重负，金融知识可以在以后的生活中通过个人经历或其他方式学习，由此可知，反对者认为这门课程会增加学生的工作量，以后可以学习。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A well-designed financial literacy course can be integrated into the curriculum without overburdening students and will equip them with essential life skills. (精心设计的金融素养课程可以融入课程，而不会给学生带来过重的负担，并将为他们提供基本的生活技能。)”可知，作者认为精心设计的金融素养课程可以融入课程，能为学生提供基本的生活技能，由此可知，作者的观点是相信金融素养课程可以融入课程并带来好处。故选C项。 Passage 5 The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. Around the world, millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move. We do not tend to think of trees as migratory. They are slow-growing and rooted to the ground. Faced with this problem, the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number proposing a radical, controversial solution: we help the trees on their march. Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilometres north, within the country and from abroad. Others say entire ecosystems should be translocated, moving multiple species at once. The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. But others say those arguments fail to deal with the speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis. “Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines, and then, as I got more independent in my research, I realised that’s impossible. We are changing the climate so much, so we have to be a little more inventive. When we have examples of assisted migration, it’s often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options,” said Sarah Dalrymple, a conservation ecologist from Liverpool University, who is part of the task force. She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” 17．What is the problem facing ancient trees in London? A．Long summer. B．Habitat destruction. C．Extreme weather. D．Slow growth. 18．Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with? A．Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible. B．Assisted migration may contribute to bad results. C．Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems. D．Native species can survive changes by themselves. 19．What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph? A．Stop changing the climate. B．Have more options to help species. C．Help native trees to adapt to climate changes. D．Take action earlier to prevent species’ extinction. 20．What might be the author’s attitude towards assisted migration? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于古树未来生存问题的争议，包括是否应该通过辅助迁移来帮助古树应对气候变化带来的挑战。 17．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. (到2050年，伦敦的天气可能会像巴塞罗那一样，夏季干旱会持续很长时间。这些古树本来就不适合在这样的条件下茁壮成长。)”可知，伦敦的古树面临的问题是极端天气。 18．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. (自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”)”可知，安德鲁·艾伦可能同意辅助迁移可能带来不良后果这一观点。 19．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” (她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，萨拉·达尔林普尔在最后一段中敦促人们尽早采取行动以防止物种灭绝。 20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? (橡树在英格兰南部已经连续生长了12000年。但它有未来吗？)”和第四段中“The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. (“辅助移民”存在分歧。自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”艾伦认为，我们应该通过鼓励自然再生、扩大和连接现有林地来优先帮助本地树木适应变化。)”、最后一段中“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” (她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，文章首先提出伦敦的古树是否还有未来的问题，接着指出气候变化对古树的影响，然后介绍了关于辅助迁移的不同观点，包括其争议性和支持者的理由。文章并没有明确表达支持或反对的立场，而是客观地呈现了不同观点和论据。因此，作者对于辅助迁移的态度可能是客观的。 二、重难提升练 Passage 1 You have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “Men have become the tools of their tools.” That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most of the time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. 1．What does “contrarian” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A defender of a right. B．A supporter of an idea. C．An objector to a value. D．An advocate of a principle. 2．Why did Thoreau escape to the woods? A．He was abandoned by society. B．He tried to prove his independence. C．He enjoyed adventures in the forest. D．He was fed up with busy industrial life. 3．Why are smartphones and social media mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To discuss the effect of modernization. B．To illustrate men’s heavy reliance on tools. C．To highlight the extensive use of technology. D．To show the convenience of technological tools. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Quitting social media. B．Withdrawing into the woods. C．Using technology wisely. D．Living an extremely simple life. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文的体裁为议论文。本文通过引用Thoreau的观点和自己的生活体验，讨论了现代科技对人类生活的影响，并表达了对简化生活的看法。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中的“As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago (作为一位近两个世纪前就倡导简约价值的作家)”和“He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines. (他生活在工业时代的鼎盛时期，以大型工厂的兴起、不断扩大的城市发展和强大的机器为特征。)”可知，Henry David Thoreau是主张简单生活价值的作家，这在当时是一种与众不同的观点，因此他被称为contrarian，即“反对某种价值观的人”。A. A defender of a right权利的捍卫者；B. A supporter of an idea一个想法的支持者；C. An objector to a value反对某一价值观的人；D. An advocate of a principle原则的拥护者。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. (Thoreau厌倦了这段时间不断的忙碌，他退出了城市生活，独自一人住在树林里。)”可知，Thoreau厌倦了当时的繁忙城市生活，因此他逃到了树林里。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. (也就是说，我们并不是控制技术的人，而是技术在控制我们。每隔几分钟，智能手机就会用信息分散我们的注意力。至少有一半的美国人每小时查看手机好几次。同时，社交媒体的信息过载也会削弱我们的注意力并增加困惑。)”可知，第4段提到智能手机和社交媒体为的是说明人们对工具的严重依赖。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most of the time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life. (当科技造成如此多的分歧和混乱时，通过减少过度使用科技来简化生活可能是健康的。就我个人而言，我以两种方式做到这一点。首先，我在手机上使用很少的数据，并尽量减少手机上的应用程序。大多数时候，我只用手机打电话或发短信。其次，我退出了大多数社交媒体。当然，这两件事并不像Thoreau躲进树林那样极端。然而，这些都是我可以朝着更有意义的生活迈出的现实的一步。)”可知，作者采取了两种方式来简化生活：一是减少手机上的数据使用和应用程序，二是退出大多数社交媒体。可以推断出作者同意的是“明智地使用科技”，而不是完全放弃科技或极端地过简单生活。 Passage 2 No matter how you feel about it, AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partially exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期),where you can perform incredibly well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that distinctly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get comfortable with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 5．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Making decisions. D．Releasing new products. 6．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing AI in life is effortless. 7．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 8．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To discuss ways to get relevant to AI. B．To explore human emotions AI affects. C．To present arguments AI has caused D．To exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就AI是否会替代现有的人类的工作进行了探讨，并表明将会有一个较长的过渡期，而那些愿意学习了解AI的人会占得先机。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.（通过课程教授如何使用AI的Joc Apfelbaum说，最有风险的是那些可以通过AI更快、更便宜地完成的工作，比如产品成型或报税。）”可知，报税工作最容易受到AI的影响。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.”（一位教育家及创始人Shannan Monson表示，前景并没有那么黯淡：“我们没有因为洗碗机的发明就不再洗碗了。只是洗得更快捷、更轻松了。”）”及最后一段中“Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get comfortable with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.（Apfelbaum表示这不只关于学习新技能，而是人们需要克服恐惧、与自我竞争，这样才能展现出强大的创造力，因为AI是没有激情和人类的创意的）”可知，可知，Apfelbaum和Monson都认为我们不应该高估AI的影响。7．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线it所在句“As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage.（随着AI的发展，其应用可能不会像我们想的那么快。但那些擅长学习它的人会占得先机）”可知，此处衔接上一句，显然指能更快学习、掌握AI应用的人会在未来占得先机。 8．推理判断题。总览最后一段，尤其是引述Monson和Apfelbaum的观点““Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get comfortable with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.（Monson说道：“专注于培养你作为团队协作者和领导者的技能。”Apfelbaum表示这不只关于学习新技能，而是人们需要克服恐惧、与自我竞争，这样才能展现出强大的创造力，因为AI是没有激情和人类的创意的）”可知，在这一总结性的段落，两位专家从不同的角度指出，作为人类在AI的浪潮中应当如何保持自己的优势，从而更好地利用AI。所以最后一段的功能是讨论如何与AI保持相关性。 Passage 3 We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of a keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike. Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citations and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency. However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole. That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision to individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it. 9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The importance of academic writing. B．The potential users of AI-powered writing. C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars. D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses. 10．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI? A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 11．Who has the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities? A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors. C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools. 12．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing? A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky. C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文主要介绍了AI赋能学术写作在大学里的现状。 9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses.”（ 由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。）以及“Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency.”（ 因此，人工智能工具可以帮助学生、教师和研究人员克服学术写作的挑战，提高研究生产力，提高效率。）可知，第二段主要讲述了AI写作在校园中的流行。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole.”（虽然人工智能可以帮助写出一篇看起来结构良好，语法正确，甚至引用准确的论文，但它的研究结果并不能被认为是真实的，因为它们不能完全满足研究或教育的真正目的。）可知，作者对AI写作的研究报告持否定态度。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision to individual instructors.”（根据Scriber对全球100所顶尖大学对人工智能写作工具态度的调查，18%的大学禁止使用ChatGPT，尽管个别教师可以允许使用，27%的大学没有明确的指导或政策，51%的大学将决定权留给了个别教师。）可知，大多数大学由个别导师决定是否使用AI进行学术写作。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citations and consistency to disciplinary standards.”（由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。人工智能是如此强大，它可以帮助思想发展，研究设计，内容开发，文献综述，数据管理，以及帮助编辑和评论书籍。人工智能写作可以改善语法、结构，并有助于引用和保持学科标准的一致性。）和第三段“However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable.”（然而，人工智能可能看起来像人类，但它不是。它可能看起来很准确，但事实并非如此。它可能看起来很聪明，但其实不然。它似乎也能理解，但它不能。借助看似高效的人工智能工具完成的分析既不有效也不可靠。）可知，AI写作兼具优点和缺点这一情况。 Passage 4 When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias; in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 13．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 14．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 15．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 16．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．D 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the“confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。 14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can usefor changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“honey”指的是找到共同的立场。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make your bias a disconfirmation bias; in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。 16．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。 Passage 5 In Georgia, students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkansans plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to storing memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 17．Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A．Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B．Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C．Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D．Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 18．What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Unclear. 19．What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 20．How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing causes. C．By displaying methods. D．By listing figures. 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在社交媒体和人工智能时代，背诵经典词句的重要性，以及现代教育者对此的反对态度。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive(规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis.”（现代教育者认为记忆是空洞的重复，机械和规定的，而不是创造性或思考性的。他们说，从记忆中背诵文本只是将信息灌输到学生的头脑中。这是重复的学习，而不是批判性的分析。）可知，教育者反对将记忆深入青少年的头脑，因为他们认为这种记忆并不能有助于批判性分析。 18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant.”（背诵让学生体验到文本是一种活的东西，准备被新一代接受。记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。）可知，作者支持背诵。 19．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.”（在背诵时决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思。）以及“Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes”（记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度。）可知，记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。所以pondering在此处意味着反思或深思。 20．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...”（ 看看父母们的脸，他们听着孩子们敦促我们朝着马丁·路德·金所说的“深深扎根于美国梦中的梦想”前进，或者像罗伯特·弗罗斯特那样说:“我是一个熟悉黑夜的人”，或者像莎士比亚那样说:“明天、明天、明天……”）以及根据文章最后一段“When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare.”（当年轻的背诵者回到座位时，他们知道他们已经把永恒的词语变成了自己的。那一刻，父母和学生的感觉超越了好成绩。几分钟的时间，勤奋的青少年变成了金、弗罗斯特或莎士比亚。）”可知，作者是通过举例子来说明强调背诵在社交媒体和人工智能时代的重要性的。 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $