Unit 5 Grammar预习本 -2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

8A Unit 5 Go on an exchange trip 语法梳理 现在完成时 一、基本结构：have / has +动词的过去分词 二、句型 肯定句：主语+ have / has +过去分词+其他。 否定句：主语+ have / has + not +过去分词+其他。 一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词+其他? 简略回答：Yes, 主语+ have / has.（肯定）/ No,主语+ haven't / hasn't.（ 否定） 三、用法 1. 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，该动作对现在还有影响。 · I have spent all of my money. 我花光了我所有的钱。 · Tom has come. Tom来了。 · My father has gone to work. 我爸爸去上班了。 2. 现在完成时还可以表示发生在过去某一时刻的，并持续到现在的动作（用持续性动词表示）或状态（用be 动词表示）。该动作或状态可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常与“for +时间段”或“since +时间点/过去时的句子”的时间状语连用。 · Mary has been ill for three days. 玛丽病了三天了。 · I have lived here since 1998. 我从1998年起就住在这里了。 四、现在完成时的标志词 现在完成时的含义之一是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响。使用以下五个标志词可以表达这种含义： 1. already 意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。既可以放句中也可以放句末。 · He has already got her help.= He has got her help already. 他已经得到她的帮助了。 2. just意为“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中。 · He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这部电影。 3. yet 意为“尚未；仍未”，常用于疑问句和否定句中。yet 用于疑问句中，还可意为“已经；还”，通常放在句末。 · — Has Tom come back yet? 汤姆已经回来了吗？ — No, he hasn’t come back yet. 没，他还没有回来。 4. ever 意为“曾经”，常用于肯定句和疑问句中。 · This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最棒的电影。 · Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗？ 5. never 意为“从来没有”，表示否定，其句中不能再用其他否定词。 6. since意为“自从”, 作介词时, 后面可以接过去某个时间点, 例:since1980; 也可以接“一段时间+ ago”, 例:since two months ago。since还可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。主句(现在完成时) + since + 从句(一般过去时) · We have known each other since we went to college. 我们上大学时就互相认识了。 · He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。 1. for意为“(到现在为止)......时间”,后面接时间段。例:for three years. 注意: 非延续性动词不能直接与for或 since引导的时间状语连用,但可以用相应的延续性动词或表示状态的形容词、副词或介词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。例:buy→have,borrow→→ keep，become → be, leave → be away (from), die → be dead, start →be on, open → be open, close → be closed, join → be in/be a member of, fall asleep → be asleep,come to → be in/at, go out →be out等 · 他已经加入这个俱乐部两年了。 错误说法：He has joined the club for two years. 正确说法：He has been in/a member of the club for two years. 五、易错点 1. “have been in +地点名词”表示已经在某地,常与时间状语 “for+时间段”连用。 · Peter has been in America for two years. 彼得已经在美国待了两年了。 2. “have been to +地点名词”意为“去过某地”,表示已经回来了。 · Peter has been to America.彼得去过美国。 3. “have gone to +地点名词”意为“已经去了某地”,表示还没回来。 · Peter has gone to America.彼得已经去美国了。 A 基础练习 (建议用时: 15分钟) 一、写出下列动词的过去分词形式。 1. get __________ 2. go __________ 3. teach __________ 4. think __________ 5. stop __________ 6. run __________ 7. speak __________ 8. make __________ 二、用never、ever、already、just、yet、for、since填空。 9. The Wondering Earth II is a good movie, but I have __________ seen it. 10. Mr Wang has taught in this school __________ ten years. 11. My sister has __________ finished her homework. 12. —Have you __________ read the book? —No, I have __________ read it. 13. Linda hasn’t finished her report __________. 14. I have __________ washed the dishes. You don’t need to worry about it. 15. Tina has lived in China __________ 2018. 三、单项选择 ( ) 16. We haven’t studied Unit 6 ________. A. never B. ever C. already D. yet ( ) 17. — Have you ________ learnt English? —Yes, I’ve ________ learnt a lot. A. never, yet B. ever, never C. ever, already D. already, never ( ) 18. — Have you handed in your homework ________? — Yes, I’ve handed it in ________. A. already, yet B. yet, already C. ever, never D. yet, ever ( ) 19. --- How long have you known each other? ---We have been friends _________ ten years ago. A. since B. for C. before D. until ( ) 20. China _________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978. A. makes B. made C. has made D. is making ( ) 21. —Have you ever been to South Tower Park？—Yes. I __________ there a few months ago. A. went B. have been C. have gone D. would go 四、按要求改写句子。 22. I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句) I __________ __________ my homework __________. 23. My father has come back from the USA. （改为否定句） My father __________ __________ back from the USA. 24. He has left for Beijing. （改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — __________ he __________ for Beijing？ — No, he __________. 25. Linda has lived in China for ten years. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________has Linda lived in China? B 拓展训练 (建议用时:10分钟) 一、按要求改写句子。 1. Susan has been a volunteer for protecting animals for three years. （对画线部分提问） __________ __________ __________ Susan been a volunteer for protecting animals？ 2. They bought a book two hours ago. （对画线部分提问） __________ __________ they __________ a book？ 3. They have worked here since 2000. （对画线部分提问） __________ __________ __________ they __________ here？ 4. Bill borrowed the book two weeks ago. (改为同义句) Bill __________ __________ the book __________ two weeks. 5. Daniel left his hometown three years ago. (改为同义句) Daniel __________ __________ __________ from his hometown __________ three years. 二、单项选择 ( ) 6. He _________ France twice. It is a beautiful country. A. is in B. has been to C. has gone to D. has been in ( ) 7. Alex _________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying ( ) 8. — Your teacher will come back from Japan tomorrow. — Really? We _________ him for nearly three months. A. don’t see B. aren’t seeing C. haven’t seen D. won’t see ( ) 9. — Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? — Yes, it _________ over 10 years since it started. A. was B. had been C. will be D. has been ( ) 10. —I ________ my card. I want to report it. —You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster. A. lose B. was losing C. will lose D. have lost ( ) 11. —Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall？ —Yes. I ________ there with my parents last year. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone ( ) 12. —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher？—Yes， he is. He _______ history for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach ( ) 13. —I ________ my card. I want to report it. —You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster. A. lose B. was losing C. will lose D. have lost ( ) 14. —Look! Somebody _______ the lights. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A. turns off B. is turning off C. was turning off D. has turned off 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 15. She _____________ (not write) to her sister for a long time. 16. Paul has _____________ (travel) around most of the countries in Europe. 17. The Johnsons _____________ (invite) us to have dinner with them three times so far. 18. Mr White _____________ (meet) all the people in our company since he came here last Monday. 19. The old man _____________ (die) for 5 years. 20. Kate _____________(buy) a book just now. 21. — Are you thirsty? —No, I have just _____________ (have) some orange. 四、语法选择。 Our school has always valued experiential learning. Over the past semester, my class __1__ several educational trips that have profoundly influenced us. Last month, we visited __2__ ancient town where local artisans demonstrated pottery－making techniques. Since our return, many of us __3__ a new appreciation for traditional crafts. The artisans showed us how they create pottery __4__ hand—a process that has fascinated me ever since. Our teacher, who has organized these trips __5__, believes hands－on learning works best, though not everyone agrees. What surprised me most was how quickly some students __6__ basic skills, while others needed more time. By the end of __7__ day, we had learnt enough to attempt simple creations. The experience hasn’t just been about pottery — we __8__ valuable cultural insights too. For weeks now, those clay workshops __9__ my opinions about manual labour. Several classmates have decided __10__ their creations as souvenirs. The artisans’ patience particularly moved me — they explained everything so clearly that complex processes became __11__ to understand. Since the trip ended, some students __12__ about pursuing(追求) __13__ skills professionally. Our teacher was happy we had gained __14__ from this experience. This journey has proven that education __15__far beyond classroom walls. ( ) 1. A. takes B. has taken C. have taken D. took ( ) 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. A. develop B. developed C. have developed D. had developed ( ) 4. A. by B. at C. in D. from ( ) 5. A. 3 years ago B. after 3 years C. in 3 years D. for 3 years ( ) 6. A. master B. masters C. mastered D. have mastered ( ) 7. A. the first B. first C. the one D. one ( ) 8. A. gain B. gained C. have gained D. had gained ( ) 9. A. change B. changed C. have changed D. will change ( ) 10. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy ( ) 11. A. easy B. easier C. easily D. easiest ( ) 12. A. will talk B. have talked C. talks D. talk ( ) 13. A. this B. that C. these D. those ( ) 14. A. many B. much C. more D. most ( ) 15. A. happens B. happened C. has happened D. had happened 读写综合 [写作任务] 你是Tina,是一名在广州待了一年的交换生。现在你要回国了，请根据下面的内容提示写一封感谢信,表达你对在广州期间帮助过你的老师、同学及朋友们的感激之情。 内容提示: 1. 游览了广州的许多风景名胜; 2.中文水平有了明显的提高; 3.了解了许多中国的文化和习俗(custom); 4. ......(请你补充) 注意:1.可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息; 2.词数80词左右(感谢信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)。 Dear everyone, I really appreciate a lot what you have given me during the past year. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you so much again. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Tina 参考答案： 语法 A 一、1. got/gotten 2. gone 3. taught 4. thought 5. stopped 6. run 7. spoken 8. made 二、9. never 10. for 11. already 12. ever, never 13. yet 14. just 15. since　 三、16-21 DCBACA 四、22. haven’t finished, yet 23. hasn’t come 24. Has, left, hasn’t 25. How long B 一、1. How long has 2. When did, buy 3. How long have, worked 4. has kept, for 5. has left 二、6-10 BCCDD 11-14 BBDD 三、15. hasn’t written 16. travelled 17. have invited 18. has met 19. has been dead 20. brought 21. had 四、1-5 BBCAD 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABCBA 读写综合 范文： Dear everyone, I really appreciate a lot what you have given me during the past year. Everything was strange to me at first. It was so kind of you to help me. In the past year, I went on tours around many places of interest in Guangzhou. Besides, I have made great progress in my Chinese because I got to speak Chinese with you every day. I’m very grateful that you always came to help me when I had trouble. In addition, I have learnt a lot about Chinese culture and customs. Last but not least, I was able to get along well with different people and I made lots of friends. China is a country with a long history and rich culture, so I feel lucky to have the chance to know and learn about it. Thank you so much again. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Tina 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $