专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末） In 1999, a Japanese artist Shigetaka Kurita created his first set of emojis to be used on an emoji keyboard to deliver information in a simple way or provide context to text messages. This was a huge hit because these images helped bridge the gap between written and spoken communication. Little could he have known that the symbols he designed would become so popular that they’ve gone far beyond phones into apps, toys and more. So, could emojis become a global language? To some degree, they already are, but could they truly become a language for all human beings? Could they replace writing itself and we all just go with emojis? As emojis are images, their meanings can get across more easily to people from different cultures. They’ve been used in every country. They are becoming more nuanced (微妙的) and taking on varied meanings. They can be connected to create sentences as well, much like words. However, emojis are unlikely to become a global language. Emojis don’t have the depth and width of a written language. There is no grammar either, which allows for complex sentences in languages. It is also much harder to express abstract (抽象的) ideas through images alone, such as philosophy and cultural differences. Could emojis replace writing? That, too, is unlikely, Human thought is complex, often abstract and highly nuanced. Many fields such as law, science and technology require professional expressions that emojis can’t provide. Nor can emojis replace poetry and literature, important factors of human cultures and societies. While emojis may not become a global language or take the place of writing, it doesn’t make them any less important to humans. They can cross cultures and provide a way to show the beauty of common human values and feelings, as they already have. We all understand a smiley face and a heart or a broken heart. 1．Why were emojis first created? A．To make emoji keyboard a hit. B．To design popular images. C．To aid communication in texts. D．To apply them to apps and toys. 2．What is an advantage of emojis? A．They can express abstract ideas. B．They can take the place of writing. C．They can form complex sentences. D．They can be understood across cultures. 3．Why does the writer refer to law and science? A．To explain the weakness of emojis. B．To contrast with poetry and literature. C．To show professional usage of emojis. D．To stress human cultures and societies. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Emojis B．The Limits of Emojis C．Emojis: Popular Symbols. D．Emojis: A Global Language? Passage 2 (21-22高一上•浙江温州•期末) Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy. But it certainly does not stop there. There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people. Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient (古代)times. We can pick a learning or two from them that can be more effective when we blend (融合) with our modern practices. It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race. It also enhances our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity (人性). Why some of them disappear is partially because of lack of understanding why they were being done in the first place. Historian Simon Thurley views it as a cycle: by understanding cultural heritage, we come to value it; by valuing it, we want to care for it: by caring for it, we enjoy it and help other people enjoy it, too; and from enjoying it, people thirst to understand. 1．What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A．Promoting tourism should be stopped. B．Our way of life as a people matters a lot. C．Developing the local economy doesn't make sense. D．Preserving cultural heritage doesn't only benefit economy. 2．Why does the author mention ancient buildings in paragraph 2? A．To tell people they are out of date. B．To show cultural heritage is helpful. C．To stress old buildings are amazing. D．To prove modern buildings are effective. 3．What's the passage mainly about? A．The promotion of cultural tourism. B．The influence of culture on lifestyle. C．The importance of cultural heritage. D．The disappearance of cultural heritage. Passage 3 （22-23高一上·浙江宁波·期末） When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 1．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 2．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 3．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末) After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you. Your old friends may have left you after entering high school. And it means you need to meet new people. Joining a club allows you to talk with others and find those who have similar interests as you. Based on my experience, I have met some of my best friends from club activities which opened up many new doors for me. Another really nice thing about joining a club is that it looks really good on your college applications (申请书). Trying new things is something that looks really good on any application. Being outgoing is considered a very good quality, which shows that you are determined and willing to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. What’s more, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews. Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long-term benefits (益处) it brings. The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, making the most of time, and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet, you know what you should do now. 1．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “profit” in paragraph 1? A．Cheer up. B．Go against. C．Make use of. D．Be good for. 2．What do colleges think highly of according to the text? A．The number of clubs you have joined. B．The strong relationships you have built. C．The bright personality you have developed. D．The similar interests you share with other students. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should You Join a Club? B．What Club Should You Join? C．How Can You Join a Club You Like? D．Should You Join a Second Club? 4．In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江衢州·期末） “No regrets.” It’s a phrase you come across a lot. It’s on T-shirts. It’s in pop songs. It is tattooed on arms and printed on the covers of self-help books. It seems like a pretty simple bit of wisdom. After all, regret is a dark word. It suggests an anxious way of looking at the world and calls to mind sleepless nights spent thinking about past mistakes. Who wants to live that way? Wouldn’t it be better, and healthier, to simply move on? No regrets. It’s a nice idea. But is it real? Does anyone actually live a life completely free of regret? Who among us hasn’t spent a fitful night thinking over something we said or did that we wish we could take back — mean words said in a moment of anger, the not-so-white lie we told our partner, the stupid decision to quit a job or end a friendship. Finally, we push these thoughts out of mind and drift off to sleep. But perhaps we shouldn’t drive them out so quickly. Perhaps, if we sat with it for a minute, regret could teach us something. In his book “The Power of Regret” the writer Daniel Pink says that regret is an unavoidable fact of life and that it should be accepted as a useful feeling. What we regret, he says, can teach us about who we are. It helps to show what we want, what we fear, what truly matters to us and what doesn’t. It is a tool that can help strengthen our values and keep us from making the same mistakes over and over again. “Done right,” Mr. Pink writes, regret “needn’t drag us down; it can lift us up.” In an effort to better understand the nature of regret, and the role it plays in all our lives, Times Opinion is starting “How to Live with Regret,” a new series of personal stories in which writers talk about regrets of different subjects. Hopefully, this series will help explain an uncomfortable and under-discussed subject and lead the way to more positive conversations about regret. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of “No regrets”? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Appreciative. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The white lies. B．The hard decisions. C．The terrible dreams. D．The regretful thoughts. 3．Which of the following statements will Daniel Pink probably agree with? A．To regret deeply is to start again. B．Most of our regrets hold us back. C．Forget regret, or life is yours to miss. D．The worst thing is not defeat but regret. 4．Why is Times Opinion starting “How to Live with Regret”? A．To discuss the harm of regret. B．To help people understand regret. C．To bring people closer to nature. D．To teach people to quit regretting. 主题01人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末) Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 1．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 2．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 3．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 4．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·北京·期末) Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it? New York City’s Department of Education banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT from school owned networks and devices, arguing that while it provides quick answers, it does not build critical thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.” However, banning AI tools from the classroom is a short-sighted response. Instead, we must find a way in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking. Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around it, which will cause a further defensive response from educators. It’s hard to believe that a close race between digitally fluent teenagers and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chat-bots may well speed up a trend toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students — and the rest of us — need to learn to ask better questions and critically evaluate AI-generated responses. The key challenge is ensuring students still engage in deep thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT and similar AI technology can help with those tasks, but they can’t — at least in the near future — put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and authentically good writing is authentically good thinking. One approach is to focus on the process as much as the end result. For instance, teachers might require — and assess — four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, “The essence of the process is revision.” Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on. Will AI one day outperform human beings not just in knowing but in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner. 1．How does the author feel about the ban? A．Favourable. B．Irresponsible. C．Unwise. D．Necessary. 2．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice? A．Because students will likely find solutions. B．Because people treasure critical thinking. C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing. D．Because schools will defend the ban. 3．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By quoting others. B．By presenting figures. C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities. 4．What might be the best title of the text? A．Is GPT a process or a result? B．Will GPT outperform students? C．Are chatbots becoming a new trend? D．Will chatbots destroy education? Passage 3 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.” European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 1．Bankers complained that they were forced to do what? A．follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules B．collect payments from third parties C．cooperate with the price managers D．reevaluate some of their assets. 2．According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in . A．the diminishing role of management B．the revival of the banking system C．the banks’ long-term asset losses D．the weakening of its independence 3．According to Paragraph 4, what is the attempt that McCreevy objects to the IASB’s? A．Keep away from political influences. B．Evade the pressure from their peers. C．Act on their own in rule-setting. D．Take gradual measures in reform. 4．What does the author think the banks were “on the wrong planet” ? A．Misinterpreted market price indicators B．Exaggerated the real value of their assets C．Neglected the likely existence of bad debts. D．Denied booking losses in their sale of assets. Passage 4 (23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末) Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 1．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 2．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 3．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. Passage 5 (20-21高一上·浙江宁波九校·期末) In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk（修道士）called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided（滑翔）more than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs. Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions, There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted（玷污）as “the Dark Ages”. A deeply rooted prejudice（偏见）holds that nothing much happened in the Middle Ages. Mr Falk sets out to doubt it. He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modern kind Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic. Monks worked to understand “a living universe created by God”. But were the methods really so different? Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's. The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation—these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By hen Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn’t have done so without their achievements. 1．What is the author's main purpose of mentioning Eilmer's deed in the first paragraph? A．To tell how fearless the young monk was. B．To give a look into the science in the Middle Ages. C．To show the severe effects of an unsuccessful experiment. D．To explain the reason why Eilmer filed in the experiment. 2．What is the author's possible attitude towards the science of the Middle Ages? A．Doubtful. B．Unelear. C．Positive. D．Negative. 3．The third paragraph implies that________. A．the medieval science is completely the same as the modern kind B．the modern science is much more advanced than the medieval kind C．there is no similarity between the medieval science and the modern kind D．the medieval science does have something in common with the modern kind 4．Which of the following might be the topic of the text? A．The masterpiece of Seb Falk. B．The inventions in the Middle Ages. C．The opinions about medieval science. D．The guesses of medieval astronomers. Passage 6 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波九校·期末) Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Larger numbers are a measure of career success: managers get promoted by taking on more reports, running higher budgets and earning bigger salaries. Companies are not always against subtraction (减法) . Though not a welcome one, reducing costs is a necessary part of management, which is often undervalued. The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means clearing time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions (干扰) . It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important parts. Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of  “planned subtraction” , so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use. Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: “If we did not do this, would it be any different?” In The Case for Good Jobs, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make sense. Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the “smart loss of sales”, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. “Less” may not sound like a great result for customers, but at some point choice is deeply tiring. When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch the same film twice, few choices seem pretty attractive. 1．Why does the author mention the company Shopify in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To support an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 2．Which statement does Peter Drucker most likely agree with? A．Companies should quit unpromising tasks. B．Bosses should give up profits for resources. C．Bosses shouldn’t remove everyday distractions. D．Companies should focus on some unfinished work. 3．Which of the following measures is regarded as effective “doing less” commercially? A．Stores give customers more time to shop. B．Cinemas run only one particular film a day. C．Streaming websites upload more new movies. D．Supermarkets offer a limited variety of goods. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The best companies celebrate addition. B．The best bosses know how to subtract work. C．Companies use numbers to measure success. D．Smart bosses go against the idea of subtraction. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 (22-23高一上·浙江台州·期末) A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play well enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 1．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 2．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 3．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 4．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末) A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 3 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末） In 1999, a Japanese artist Shigetaka Kurita created his first set of emojis to be used on an emoji keyboard to deliver information in a simple way or provide context to text messages. This was a huge hit because these images helped bridge the gap between written and spoken communication. Little could he have known that the symbols he designed would become so popular that they’ve gone far beyond phones into apps, toys and more. So, could emojis become a global language? To some degree, they already are, but could they truly become a language for all human beings? Could they replace writing itself and we all just go with emojis? As emojis are images, their meanings can get across more easily to people from different cultures. They’ve been used in every country. They are becoming more nuanced (微妙的) and taking on varied meanings. They can be connected to create sentences as well, much like words. However, emojis are unlikely to become a global language. Emojis don’t have the depth and width of a written language. There is no grammar either, which allows for complex sentences in languages. It is also much harder to express abstract (抽象的) ideas through images alone, such as philosophy and cultural differences. Could emojis replace writing? That, too, is unlikely, Human thought is complex, often abstract and highly nuanced. Many fields such as law, science and technology require professional expressions that emojis can’t provide. Nor can emojis replace poetry and literature, important factors of human cultures and societies. While emojis may not become a global language or take the place of writing, it doesn’t make them any less important to humans. They can cross cultures and provide a way to show the beauty of common human values and feelings, as they already have. We all understand a smiley face and a heart or a broken heart. 1．Why were emojis first created? A．To make emoji keyboard a hit. B．To design popular images. C．To aid communication in texts. D．To apply them to apps and toys. 2．What is an advantage of emojis? A．They can express abstract ideas. B．They can take the place of writing. C．They can form complex sentences. D．They can be understood across cultures. 3．Why does the writer refer to law and science? A．To explain the weakness of emojis. B．To contrast with poetry and literature. C．To show professional usage of emojis. D．To stress human cultures and societies. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Emojis B．The Limits of Emojis C．Emojis: Popular Symbols. D．Emojis: A Global Language? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了表情符号（emoji）的普及、局限性和重要性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In 1999, a Japanese artist Shigetaka Kurita created his first set of emojis to be used on an emoji keyboard to deliver information in a simple way or provide context to text messages. (1999年，日本艺术家Shigetaka Kurita创作了他的第一套表情符号，这些表情符号被用于表情符号键盘上，以简单的方式传递信息或为文本消息提供上下文。)”可知，表情符号最初是为了辅助文本中的交流而创造的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As emojis are images, their meanings can get across more easily to people from different cultures. (由于表情符号是图像，因此它们的意思更容易被来自不同文化的人理解。)”可知，表情符号的一个优点是它们可以跨越文化被理解。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Could emojis replace writing? That, too, is unlikely, Human thought is complex, often abstract and highly nuanced. Many fields such as law, science and technology require professional expressions that emojis can’t provide. Nor can emojis replace poetry and literature, important factors of human cultures and societies. (表情符号能取代文字吗？这也不太可能。人类的思想是复杂的，往往是抽象的，而且高度微妙。法律、科学和技术等许多领域都需要专业的表达方式，而表情符号无法提供。表情符号也无法取代诗歌和文学，这些都是人类文化和社会的重要因素。)”可知，作者提到法律和科学是为了解释表情符号的局限性，即它们无法提供某些专业领域的表达。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“So, could emojis become a global language? To some degree, they already are, but could they truly become a language for all human beings? Could they replace writing itself and we all just go with emojis? (那么，表情符号能否成为一种全球语言呢？在某种程度上，它们已经算是了，但它们真的能成为一种全人类通用的语言吗？它们能否取代文字，让我们只靠表情符号交流呢？)”可知，文章主要探讨了表情符号是否能成为一种全球语言或替代写作的问题，通过分析表情符号的优点和局限性，得出结论：虽然表情符号可能不会成为全球语言或替代写作，但它们对人类仍然很重要。因此，最适合作为文章标题的是“Emojis: A Global Language? (表情符号：一种全球语言吗？)”。故选D。 Passage 2 (21-22高一上•浙江温州•期末) Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy. But it certainly does not stop there. There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people. Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient (古代)times. We can pick a learning or two from them that can be more effective when we blend (融合) with our modern practices. It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race. It also enhances our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity (人性). Why some of them disappear is partially because of lack of understanding why they were being done in the first place. Historian Simon Thurley views it as a cycle: by understanding cultural heritage, we come to value it; by valuing it, we want to care for it: by caring for it, we enjoy it and help other people enjoy it, too; and from enjoying it, people thirst to understand. 1．What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A．Promoting tourism should be stopped. B．Our way of life as a people matters a lot. C．Developing the local economy doesn't make sense. D．Preserving cultural heritage doesn't only benefit economy. 2．Why does the author mention ancient buildings in paragraph 2? A．To tell people they are out of date. B．To show cultural heritage is helpful. C．To stress old buildings are amazing. D．To prove modern buildings are effective. 3．What's the passage mainly about? A．The promotion of cultural tourism. B．The influence of culture on lifestyle. C．The importance of cultural heritage. D．The disappearance of cultural heritage. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people.（保护我们的文化遗产比为当地社区带来收入的可能性更有意义。它是理解和欣赏我们作为一个民族的生活方式。）”可知，划线句在文中起着承上启下的作用，意思是保护文化遗产不仅有利于经济，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient（古代）times.（我们的文化遗产是连接过去和现在的东西，对未来是有帮助的。关于古代建筑是如何以某种方式建造的，是有智慧的。）”可知，作者在第二段提到古代建筑是为了展示文化遗产是有帮助的。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy.（文化遗产对于促进一个地方的旅游业是非常重要的，因为它有助于发展当地的经济。）”，第二段的“Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future.（我们的文化遗产是连接过去和现在的东西，对未来是有帮助的。）”，第三段的“It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race.（它也是我们连接与我们有相似之处的文化的桥梁，加强我们作为人类的种族纽带。）”及第四段的“Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity（人性）.（理解我们的文化遗产也会影响我们对人性的理解。）”可知，本文主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性，即The importance of cultural heritage，故选C。 Passage 3 （22-23高一上·浙江宁波·期末） When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 1．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 2．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 3．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过比较具体的情境，认为中英两国容易出现交流难题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In situations like this, context is everything. (在这种情况下，语境决定一切。)”可知，在交流中语境是非常重要的。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. ( 中国的沟通也表现出非常相似的冲突预防。)”可知，中国人和英国人一致的观点是避免在公共场合讨论自己的错误。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第三句“Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. (然而，随着时间的推移，英国人和中国人的交流方式有一些奇怪的相似之处。)”可知，作者通过比较中国人和英国人交流的方式来论证自己的观点，即作比较。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said.(事实上，居住在这两个国家的国际居民经常抱怨，他们必须理解当地人的真正意思，因为他们说的话往往不同。)”和第二段最后一句“ Otherwise, misunderstandings happen.(否则，误解就会发生。)”可知，本文讲了在中英两国中容易出现交流上的误解。D项“Communication Puzzles(沟通难题)”作为标题，可以概括全文主旨。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末) After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you. Your old friends may have left you after entering high school. And it means you need to meet new people. Joining a club allows you to talk with others and find those who have similar interests as you. Based on my experience, I have met some of my best friends from club activities which opened up many new doors for me. Another really nice thing about joining a club is that it looks really good on your college applications (申请书). Trying new things is something that looks really good on any application. Being outgoing is considered a very good quality, which shows that you are determined and willing to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. What’s more, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews. Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long-term benefits (益处) it brings. The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, making the most of time, and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet, you know what you should do now. 1．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “profit” in paragraph 1? A．Cheer up. B．Go against. C．Make use of. D．Be good for. 2．What do colleges think highly of according to the text? A．The number of clubs you have joined. B．The strong relationships you have built. C．The bright personality you have developed. D．The similar interests you share with other students. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should You Join a Club? B．What Club Should You Join? C．How Can You Join a Club You Like? D．Should You Join a Second Club? 4．In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对于一名刚进高中的学生，学校有很多俱乐部，加入学校俱乐部对高中生活学习有很大的好处。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加)”以及“But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you.(但作为一名高中毕业生，我可以告诉你，参加学校社团对你profit )”可知，but表示转折，说明参加俱乐部是有好处的。由此可知，划线词profit意思是“对……有好处”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being outgoing is considered a very good quality, which shows that you are determined and willing to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. What’s more, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews.(外向被认为是一种很好的品质，这表明你有决心，准备好大胆展示自己，最好的是尝试新事物。此外，它可以帮助你培养在未来大学面试中有用的技能)”可知，大学重视你培养出的活力个性。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名高中毕业生，我可以告诉你，参加学校社团对你大有裨益)”可知，文章主要说明了参加俱乐部的好处。由此可知，A选项“你为什么要加入一个俱乐部？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名高中毕业生，我可以告诉你，参加学校社团对你大有裨益)”可知，文章主要说明了参加俱乐部的好处。由此推知，这篇文章可以出现在杂志的学校生活部分。故选B。 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江衢州·期末） “No regrets.” It’s a phrase you come across a lot. It’s on T-shirts. It’s in pop songs. It is tattooed on arms and printed on the covers of self-help books. It seems like a pretty simple bit of wisdom. After all, regret is a dark word. It suggests an anxious way of looking at the world and calls to mind sleepless nights spent thinking about past mistakes. Who wants to live that way? Wouldn’t it be better, and healthier, to simply move on? No regrets. It’s a nice idea. But is it real? Does anyone actually live a life completely free of regret? Who among us hasn’t spent a fitful night thinking over something we said or did that we wish we could take back — mean words said in a moment of anger, the not-so-white lie we told our partner, the stupid decision to quit a job or end a friendship. Finally, we push these thoughts out of mind and drift off to sleep. But perhaps we shouldn’t drive them out so quickly. Perhaps, if we sat with it for a minute, regret could teach us something. In his book “The Power of Regret” the writer Daniel Pink says that regret is an unavoidable fact of life and that it should be accepted as a useful feeling. What we regret, he says, can teach us about who we are. It helps to show what we want, what we fear, what truly matters to us and what doesn’t. It is a tool that can help strengthen our values and keep us from making the same mistakes over and over again. “Done right,” Mr. Pink writes, regret “needn’t drag us down; it can lift us up.” In an effort to better understand the nature of regret, and the role it plays in all our lives, Times Opinion is starting “How to Live with Regret,” a new series of personal stories in which writers talk about regrets of different subjects. Hopefully, this series will help explain an uncomfortable and under-discussed subject and lead the way to more positive conversations about regret. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of “No regrets”? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Appreciative. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The white lies. B．The hard decisions. C．The terrible dreams. D．The regretful thoughts. 3．Which of the following statements will Daniel Pink probably agree with? A．To regret deeply is to start again. B．Most of our regrets hold us back. C．Forget regret, or life is yours to miss. D．The worst thing is not defeat but regret. 4．Why is Times Opinion starting “How to Live with Regret”? A．To discuss the harm of regret. B．To help people understand regret. C．To bring people closer to nature. D．To teach people to quit regretting. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了后悔并非应完全摒弃，而是有益的。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“No regrets. It’s a nice idea. But is it real? Does anyone actually live a life completely free of regret? (无悔。这是个不错的想法。但它是真的吗？真的有人能过上完全无悔的生活吗？)”可知，作者认为“无悔”这个想法虽好，但对此表示怀疑，想知道是否真的有人能过完全没有遗憾的生活。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Who among us hasn’t spent a fitful night thinking over something we said or did that we wish we could take back — mean words said in a moment of anger, the not-so-white lie we told our partner, the stupid decision to quit a job or end a friendship. Finally, we push these thoughts out of mind and drift off to sleep. But perhaps we shouldn’t drive them out so quickly. (我们谁没有因为说过或做过希望收回的事而度过一个又一个不眠之夜呢——在愤怒时说出刻薄的话，对伴侣说的不那么善意的谎言，愚蠢地决定辞职或结束友谊。最后，我们把这些想法抛诸脑后，迷迷糊糊地睡着了。但也许我们不应该这么快就把它们赶走。)”可知，them指代前面提到的那些让人后悔的想法，即我们花一整晚回想的那些我们希望收回的话或行为相关的想法。D选项“The regretful thoughts (后悔的想法)”符合题意。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In his book “The Power of Regret” the writer Daniel Pink says that regret is an unavoidable fact of life and that it should be accepted as a useful feeling. What we regret, he says, can teach us about who we are. It helps to show what we want, what we fear, what truly matters to us and what doesn’t. It is a tool that can help strengthen our values and keep us from making the same mistakes over and over again. “Done right,” Mr. Pink writes, regret “needn’t drag us down; it can lift us up.” (在《后悔的力量》一书中，作家丹尼尔·平克说，后悔是生活中不可避免的事实，应该把它当作一种有用的情感来接受。他说，我们所后悔的事情能让我们了解自己是怎样的人。它有助于我们明白自己想要什么，害怕什么，什么对我们真正重要，什么不重要。后悔是一个工具，可以帮助我们强化价值观，防止我们一再犯同样的错误。平克先生写道，如果处理得当，“后悔不会把我们拖下水，反而能让我们振作起来”。)”可知，Daniel Pink认为后悔是生活中不可避免的，且是有用的，能让我们了解自己，帮助我们明确什么重要什么不重要，还能让我们避免重复犯错，正确对待后悔能让我们提升自己。由此推知A 选项“To regret deeply is to start again. (深刻地后悔是为了重新开始)”符合他的观点，因为后悔能让我们吸取教训重新开始。故选 A。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“In an effort to better understand the nature of regret, and the role it plays in all our lives, Times Opinion is starting “How to Live with Regret,” a new series of personal stories in which writers talk about regrets of different subjects. Hopefully, this series will help explain an uncomfortable and under-discussed subject and lead the way to more positive conversations about regret. (为了更深入地了解后悔的本质以及它在我们所有人生活中的作用，《泰晤士报》观点栏目正在推出一个名为“如何与后悔共处”的新系列，讲述不同主题的个人故事。希望这个系列能帮助我们理解这个令人不适且鲜少讨论的话题，并引导我们进行更多关于后悔的积极对话。)”可知，《泰晤士报》观点栏目开设“如何与遗憾共处”这个新系列是为了更好地了解遗憾的本质以及它在我们生活中的作用，并希望这个系列能帮助解释这个令人不舒服且讨论不足的主题，并为更积极地讨论遗憾铺平道路。因此，其目的是为了帮助人们理解遗憾。故选B。 主题01人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末) Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 1．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 2．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 3．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 4．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中噪音干扰的问题以及人们使用降噪技术的现象。文章指出，虽然降噪技术在市场上大受欢迎，但过度使用可能带来身体和社会方面的负面影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts.(无论你走到哪里，人们似乎都在用某种东西来减少生活中的噪音。他们在公共交通工具上、长途飞行中或在开放式办公室里戴着戴耳式耳机，或者在音乐会上使用彩色耳塞)”和第二段中“Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control.(降噪技术最早是在20世纪50年代发展起来的，目的是为飞行员减少驾驶舱的噪音。今天的耳机使用了一种被称为主动噪声控制的技术)”可推知，降噪耳机是用于减少生活中的噪音，在嘈杂的环境中创造一种安静的感觉。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example.(例如，研究发现，适度的背景噪音(约70分贝)可以提高创造性任务的表现)”可知，适度的背景噪声可以提高创造性任务的表现，故“Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise.”是正确表述。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office.(有些人可以在buzzy的咖啡馆甚至机场高效地工作，但他们却无法在办公室里保持同样的专注)”中“cafes(咖啡馆)”和常识可推知，咖啡馆是喧闹的，故buzzy与lively同义，意为“热闹的”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine.(过度依赖降噪技术未必是解决问题的办法，麦卡尔平说)”可推知，McAlpine对过度依赖降噪技术持否定态度。故选A项。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·北京·期末) Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it? New York City’s Department of Education banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT from school owned networks and devices, arguing that while it provides quick answers, it does not build critical thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.” However, banning AI tools from the classroom is a short-sighted response. Instead, we must find a way in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking. Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around it, which will cause a further defensive response from educators. It’s hard to believe that a close race between digitally fluent teenagers and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chat-bots may well speed up a trend toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students — and the rest of us — need to learn to ask better questions and critically evaluate AI-generated responses. The key challenge is ensuring students still engage in deep thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT and similar AI technology can help with those tasks, but they can’t — at least in the near future — put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and authentically good writing is authentically good thinking. One approach is to focus on the process as much as the end result. For instance, teachers might require — and assess — four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, “The essence of the process is revision.” Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on. Will AI one day outperform human beings not just in knowing but in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner. 1．How does the author feel about the ban? A．Favourable. B．Irresponsible. C．Unwise. D．Necessary. 2．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice? A．Because students will likely find solutions. B．Because people treasure critical thinking. C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing. D．Because schools will defend the ban. 3．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By quoting others. B．By presenting figures. C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities. 4．What might be the best title of the text? A．Is GPT a process or a result? B．Will GPT outperform students? C．Are chatbots becoming a new trend? D．Will chatbots destroy education? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了聊天机器人（如ChatGPT）对教育的影响，指出禁止其使用并非明智之举，而应探索如何将其与学生的思考相结合，强调了深度思考和批判性思维的重要性，并提出了通过写作过程来培养学生这些能力的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, banning AI tools from the classroom is a short-sighted response.(然而，禁止在课堂上使用人工智能工具是一种短视的反应。)”可知，作者认为禁止ChatGPT是不明智的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around it, which will cause a further defensive response from educators.(实际上，禁止ChatGPT是不可能的。学生们会找到解决办法，这将引起教育者的进一步防御反应。)”可知，在实践中禁止ChatGPT是不可能的，因为学生们很可能会找到解决办法。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The key challenge is ensuring students still engage in deep thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable” — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT and similar AI technology can help with those tasks, but they can’t — at least in the near future — put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and authentically good writing is authentically good thinking.(关键的挑战是确保学生仍然进行深度思考。GPT经常生成流畅且“合理”但错误的文本。因此，使用它需要和写作一样的脑力劳动：形成观点、创建大纲、选择要解释的要点和要删除的要点，以及寻找支持事实。GPT和类似的人工智能技术可以帮助完成这些任务，但至少在不久的将来，它们无法将所有这些任务整合在一起。写一篇好文章仍然需要大量的人类思考和工作。事实上，写作就是思考，真正好的写作就是真正好的思考。)”可知，作者在第四段通过展示GPT和写作的相似性来解释他的观点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it?(能够生成引人入胜的文章的聊天机器人会摧毁我们所知的教育吗？)”和文章接着讨论了禁止ChatGPT的不可行性、ChatGPT无法替代人类深度思考和写作过程、以及如何通过写作过程来培养学生的批判性思维和深度思考能力，由此可知，文章主要讨论了聊天机器人对教育的影响，特别是它们是否会摧毁教育，故选项D：“聊天机器人会摧毁教育吗？”最适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.” European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 1．Bankers complained that they were forced to do what? A．follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules B．collect payments from third parties C．cooperate with the price managers D．reevaluate some of their assets. 2．According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in . A．the diminishing role of management B．the revival of the banking system C．the banks’ long-term asset losses D．the weakening of its independence 3．According to Paragraph 4, what is the attempt that McCreevy objects to the IASB’s? A．Keep away from political influences. B．Evade the pressure from their peers. C．Act on their own in rule-setting. D．Take gradual measures in reform. 4．What does the author think the banks were “on the wrong planet” ? A．Misinterpreted market price indicators B．Exaggerated the real value of their assets C．Neglected the likely existence of bad debts. D．Denied booking losses in their sale of assets. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍关于银行与会计准则制定者之间关系，银行家们将自身问题归咎于会计准则制定者，认为其规则迫使银行报告巨额损失，并分析了相关规则变化及各方态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. (银行家们一直在公开场合为自己的困境自责。在幕后，他们一直在瞄准另一个人：会计准则制定者。银行抱怨说，他们的规则迫使他们报告巨额亏损，这是不公平的。这些规则规定，它们必须按照第三方愿意支付的价格对某些资产进行估值，而不是按照管理机构和监管机构希望这些资产获得的价格。) ” 可知银行抱怨会计准则制定者的规则迫使他们以第三方愿意支付的价格评估资产，这让他们报告了巨额损失，即遵循不利的资产评估规则，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. (在与国会的激烈交锋之后，美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）匆匆通过了规则变更。这使银行在使用模型评估非流动性资产方面有了更大的自由，在损益表中确认长期资产损失方面也有了更大的灵活性。)”可知FASB经过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革赋予了银行更多的权利，也就是说对银行的管理更为松散，所以推断可能导致管理作用减弱，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. (欧盟委员查理•麦克里维（Charlie McCreevy）警告IASB，它并非“生活在政治真空中”，而是“生活在现实世界中”，欧洲仍有可能制定不同的规则。)” 可知欧洲有可能制定不同的规则，故推断欧洲对这个问题有自己独立的法律法规。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. (是银行走错了星球，它们的账户严重高估了资产。如今，他们认为市场价格夸大了损失，因为它们主要反映的是市场暂时的流动性不足，而不是坏账的可能程度。真相要过很多年才会大白于天下。)”可知作者批判银行认为市场价格夸大了损失，而忽略了坏账，所以作者认为银行走错了星球意思是忽视了可能存在的坏账。故选C。 Passage 4 (23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末) Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 1．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 2．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 3．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们对保护遗产的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living.(我小时候所熟悉的社区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。这是有充分理由的。居民们想要现代生活的一切便利)”可知，是人们对现代舒适的渴望驱使人们用新建筑取代旧建筑。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The renovation (修缮)and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world.(对历史街区的改造和保护可以成为一个经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。例如，在迪拜，历史悠久的Al bastikiya区每年吸引成千上万来自世界各地的游客)”可知，举Al bastikiya的例子表明：文物保护带来经济效益。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren't very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built.(而且，尽管人们经常声称老建筑的环境足迹比新建筑更大，因为它们不是很节能，但建筑师和环境专家坚持认为，最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑)”可推知，翻新旧建筑减少了对环境的影响。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered.(历史保护是一种提供多种可能性的选择；相反，拆迁是不可逆转的。一旦这些宝藏失去，它们就永远失去了，这是我们遗产中一个永远无法恢复的重要环节)”可推知，作者对历史保护的态度是积极的和支持的。故选A项。 Passage 5 (20-21高一上·浙江宁波九校·期末) In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk（修道士）called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided（滑翔）more than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs. Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions, There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted（玷污）as “the Dark Ages”. A deeply rooted prejudice（偏见）holds that nothing much happened in the Middle Ages. Mr Falk sets out to doubt it. He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modern kind Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic. Monks worked to understand “a living universe created by God”. But were the methods really so different? Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's. The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation—these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By hen Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn’t have done so without their achievements. 1．What is the author's main purpose of mentioning Eilmer's deed in the first paragraph? A．To tell how fearless the young monk was. B．To give a look into the science in the Middle Ages. C．To show the severe effects of an unsuccessful experiment. D．To explain the reason why Eilmer filed in the experiment. 2．What is the author's possible attitude towards the science of the Middle Ages? A．Doubtful. B．Unelear. C．Positive. D．Negative. 3．The third paragraph implies that________. A．the medieval science is completely the same as the modern kind B．the modern science is much more advanced than the medieval kind C．there is no similarity between the medieval science and the modern kind D．the medieval science does have something in common with the modern kind 4．Which of the following might be the topic of the text? A．The masterpiece of Seb Falk. B．The inventions in the Middle Ages. C．The opinions about medieval science. D．The guesses of medieval astronomers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为中世纪的科学表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”，作者还举出了例子来证明自己的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided more than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs.(在11世纪，比列奥纳多·达·芬奇画出类似的飞行器早了近500年，一个名叫Eilmer的年轻僧人在他的手和脚上固定了翅膀，从英国马姆斯伯里修道院的一座塔上跳下。当他滑到200米多的时候，一阵风吹来，他摔了下去，摔断了两条腿) ”以及第二段中“Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions.(正如历史学家Seb Falk在《光明时代》一书中所描述的那样，Eilmer的勇气似乎在很大程度上反映了中世纪。它表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中) ”可推断，作者在第一段提到Eilmer的事迹，主要目的是为了让大家了解中世纪的科学。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation-these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By then Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn't have done so without their achievements.(机械钟、眼镜、航海技术的进步——这些都是中世纪的成就。中世纪天文学家提出的一种理论影响了17世纪的伽利略。那时，尼古拉·哥白尼推翻了他们所珍视的一切，他将太阳置于宇宙的中心；但如果没有他们的成就，他不可能做到这一点) ”可推断，作者对中世纪科学可能持肯定态度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modem kind.Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic.(他承认，中世纪的科学与现代科学不一样。天文学是最重要的学科，但占星术也同样受人推崇，它渐渐演变成了魔法。) ”和“But were the methods really so different? (但是研究方法真的不同吗？)”以及“Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's.(面对未知，人类会提出大量不合理的假设，再通过观察和实验逐渐剥茧抽丝得出结论。中世纪科学与当今科学存在很多的一致性。) ”可推断，作者先提到中世级的科学和现代科学不同，然后提出反问：方法真的如此不同吗，接着举例说明了中世级的科学和现代科学有相似之处，因此推断中世级的科学与现代科学的确有一些共同之处。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions. There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted as “the Dark Ages”.(正如历史学家Seb Falk在《光明时代》一书中所描述的那样，Eilmer的勇气似乎在很大程度上反映了中世纪。它表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”) ”结合文章主要说明了作者认为中世纪的科学表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”，作者还举出了例子来证明自己的观点。可知，这篇文章的主题是关于中世纪科学的观点。故选C。 Passage 6 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波九校·期末) Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Larger numbers are a measure of career success: managers get promoted by taking on more reports, running higher budgets and earning bigger salaries. Companies are not always against subtraction (减法) . Though not a welcome one, reducing costs is a necessary part of management, which is often undervalued. The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means clearing time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions (干扰) . It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important parts. Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of  “planned subtraction” , so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use. Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: “If we did not do this, would it be any different?” In The Case for Good Jobs, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make sense. Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the “smart loss of sales”, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. “Less” may not sound like a great result for customers, but at some point choice is deeply tiring. When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch the same film twice, few choices seem pretty attractive. 1．Why does the author mention the company Shopify in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To support an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 2．Which statement does Peter Drucker most likely agree with? A．Companies should quit unpromising tasks. B．Bosses should give up profits for resources. C．Bosses shouldn’t remove everyday distractions. D．Companies should focus on some unfinished work. 3．Which of the following measures is regarded as effective “doing less” commercially? A．Stores give customers more time to shop. B．Cinemas run only one particular film a day. C．Streaming websites upload more new movies. D．Supermarkets offer a limited variety of goods. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The best companies celebrate addition. B．The best bosses know how to subtract work. C．Companies use numbers to measure success. D．Smart bosses go against the idea of subtraction. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出企业管理中减法的重要性，优秀老板应删减会议、淘汰无前景项目，如Shopify和Costco的成功案例所示。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result.(会议几乎总是由老板召集，但只有一部分有用。电子商务公司 Shopify 年初从日程中减去了 12,000 场会议，结果效率有所提高)”可知，作者先提出“部分会议无意义，减少干扰可提升效率”的观点，再以 Shopify的案例说明“减法”的有效性。引用该案例是为了支持前文观点。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of ‘planned subtraction’, so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use.(管理理论家彼得・德鲁克支持‘有计划的减法’，以便将束缚在次要活动中的资源释放出来，用于更有利润的用途)”及“Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: ‘If we did not do this, would it be any different?’(他建议，老板应该总是对公司的每个细节问同一个问题：‘如果我们不做这件事，会有什么不同吗？’)”可知，德鲁克主张放弃无前景的任务，将资源集中在高价值事项上。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the ‘smart loss of sales’, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively.(美国著名超市Costco信奉‘明智的销售损失’，有意限制了产品选择。这意味着它能更有效地集中购买力，更准确地预测需求，并更高效地利用员工时间)”可知，通过减少商品种类提升运营效率是“doing less”的典型案例。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段明确提出“The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on.(最优秀的老板既懂得做加法，也懂得做减法)”，随后通过Shopify、德鲁克理论及Costco的案例，论证“减法管理”对提升效率的重要性。全文围绕“优秀管理者需掌握减法思维”展开，B选项The best bosses know how to subtract work.(最好的老板知道如何减少工作量)与引文中的核心观点直接呼应，可作为最佳标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 (22-23高一上·浙江台州·期末) A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play well enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 1．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 2．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 3．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 4．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降，作者在文中讲了父母应该如何保持体育精神。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced.(美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降。)”可知，作者提到NCAA最近的研究的目的是引出体育精神这一主题。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams?(是在私人课程和旅行团队上投入的时间和金钱吗？)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“我一直很感兴趣的是，为什么看台上的人总是觉得他们比实际的参与者投入了更多”，invest的意思是“投入”，和devote意思相近，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，父母应该无论比赛结果如何，都支持他们孩子的球队。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(应该专注于帮助我的孩子学会尊重另一个团队，而不是为我的孩子做得不好，或者一个裁判员如何“欺骗”了我们的团队而烦恼。我应该注意我的语言和可能从我嘴里发出的负面评论。我应该尊重裁判员，而不是对每一个判罚都进行争论。也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，作者是善解人意，心胸开阔的，即understanding和broad-minded。故选D。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末) A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了言语的力量，指出无论是对别人的言语还是自言自语，积极和消极的影响都是持久的，因此对自己说话时应及时给予表扬，对他人说话时应意识到自己的言语对他人的影响，三思而后行。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. (俗话说：“棍棒和石头可以打断我的骨头，但言语永远伤害不了我。”然而，事实并非如此。语言的力量可以建立我们，也可以让我们崩溃。不管这些话是别人说的还是我们自己说的，积极和消极的影响都是一样持久的。)”可知，本段主要说明了言语对我们有很大的积极的或消极的影响。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. (事实上，我们真的不应该害怕，因为越来越多的专家认为大声自言自语是一种健康的习惯。)”和第三段中“This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. (这种“自我对话”可以帮助我们激励自己，记住事情，解决问题，让自己冷静下来。)”可知，当我们自言自语时，我们没有必要感到羞耻，因为这对我们有积极的影响，有益于我们的心理健康。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线句的上文“So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. (因此，为了保持积极，我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话。)”和下文“The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” (下次当你完成一个项目，在考试中取得好成绩，或者终于打扫你的房间时，和我一起说“干得好！”)”可知，此处先提出自言自语的内容应该是鼓励的话，然后举例说明当自己做得好的时候，可以对自己说“干得好！”这样的话。由此推知，画线句应该是建议我们立即给自己一个表扬，即Praise ourselves“表扬自己”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. (通常，话从我们嘴里说出来，我们没有考虑它们会有什么影响。但我们应该意识到，我们的话会引起别人的某些反应。)”、倒数第二段中“Words have power because of their lasting effect. (言语的力量在于它的持久效果。)”和最后一段中“Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. (言语具有力量：积极的和消极的。当我们积极地说话时，我们周围的人会受到鼓励。我们可以提供希望，建立自尊，激励他人做到最好。消极的话语摧毁了所有这些。)”可知，我们常常在说话时忘记言语的力量，但言语的确有或积极的，或消极的持久影响，深刻地影响他人。由此可知，和别人说话前我们最好三思而后行。故选C项。 3 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $