专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，江苏专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——体育健身 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） What are the limits of the human body? Is there a point at which it is physically impossible to do something? “One thing we’ve all learned in the last 30 years or so is that just about anything is humanly possible,” says Dr. Jack Wilmore, author of Physiology (生理学) of Sport and Exercise. “As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. With more and better athletes involved and competing, records will fall and new standards will be set.” Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered routine even in high school. And Bob Beamon stretched human performance in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.90 metres. In an event where a record is usually broken by mere inches, he broke the previous jump record by more than 21 inches, but even his record was broken in 1991. One factor is now becoming more understood and popular: sports psychology (心理学). Getting inside the athlete’s head can be as effective as training and long workouts. According to Wilmore, the psychological aspect of sports has become more and more esteemed. He points out that most professional teams have hired (聘用) sports psychologists for their players. In addition, every aspect of athletics — training, nutrition, injury treatment — is far better than it’s ever been. “Besides, children today tend to master one or two sports instead of participating in several as was common twenty-five years ago,” Wilmore says. “That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and more intensely (密集地), and they become much better at it.” “There’s a lot we don’t know yet about the human body,” he adds. “And one of those things is the full range of human potential. It would be foolish to try and put limits on what the human body can do.” 1．Which of the following sentences will Wilmore probably agree with? A．Athletes will become the most famous people. B．Athletes will continue to surprise us with their achievements. C．It is preferable to set universal standards for athletes. D．It is necessary for athletes to learn the limits of the body. 2．Why are Roger Bannister and Bob Beamon mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show some of the latest world records. B．To explain what athletes can achieve under stress. C．To introduce two great athletes. D．To prove the limits of the body can be pushed. 3．What does the underlined word “esteemed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．valued B．similar C．traditional D．difficult 4．How are today’s children different from those years ago according to Wilmore? A．They are less likely to get injured in sports. B．They participate in far more sports. C．They become more professional at one particular sport. D．They begin playing sports at a much earlier age. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末） Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 5．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 6．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 7．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 主题02 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏徐州·期末） Brad Thomas, a New York City based recruiter (招聘者), reads hundreds of resumes (简历) every month. Lately he has noticed that along with schools, skills and past employers, people are listing their fitness achievements. More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. “They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,” says Thomas. Eliot Kaplan, a 28-year-old creative, added his Boston Marathon run to his resume when he was looking for a new job. He also spelled out that he played college tennis and completed Spartan races, which are muddy obstacle course runs. The purpose, he says, was to show that he likes to be competitive and takes a work-hard, play-hard attitude toward life. However, not everyone agrees. A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able to go above or beyond because he spent so much time on sports. Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. “It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,” she says. The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles. 1．What is Thomas’ attitude to including fitness achievements? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go above or beyond” probably mean? A．Gain trust. B．Get employed. C．Earn respect. D．Achieve more. 3．Why is Fajardo unwilling to mention her marathon race? A．It is not a satisfying result. B．It is not related to her work. C．It will be unfair for other job hunters. D．It will let out her personal information. 4．Who is most likely to include fitness achievements? A．Senior managers. B．University students. C．College teachers. D．Experienced engineers. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） So many of us hold on to little resentments (仇怨) from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. We wait for someone else to reach out to us ― believing this is the only way we can forgive or rebuild a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine whose health isn’t very good, recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted at first, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” She was willing to die before reaching out to his only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn “small thing” into “big thing” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right” they will become less defensive (戒备的) and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 5．What does the underlined word “resisted” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Regretted B．Refused. C．Recalled. D．Reminded 6．What happened to the author’s friend after she called her son? A．She realized her mistakes. B．She lost the battle and died. C．She received her son’s apology. D．She was encouraged by the author. 7．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Holding on to the right position leads to resentments. B．Turning small thing into big one will make a difference. C．Being peaceful is more important than being right in disagreement. D．To avoid arguments and misunderstandings means seeking for happiness. 8．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To tell the readers to reach out first. B．To instruct the readers how to apologize. C．To teach the readers how to gain inner peace. D．To inform the readers the importance of peace. Passage 3 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） Newspapers, magazines, even online articles offer reading materials for people. But strictly speaking, reading means reading books. Since reading books seems to be going out of date, it has raised people’s concerns (担心). The yearly national reading survey (调查) shows people’s reading habits have rarely changed over the past several years. The survey says about 59 percent of the adults in China read books, with one adult, on average, reading 4 or 5 books a year. This means a large number of people don’t read at all and that those who do so only read a few books a year. A worrying fact is that even students don’t seem to be reading books as they spend more time and energy watching videos online. There are many reasons why fewer people read books today. To begin with, given the fast-changing social atmosphere, many people tend to spend time on hobbies other than reading. Also, many parents don’t care much about reading, and so they fail to educate their children and grandchildren to love reading books. Therefore, parents should create a good atmosphere that would encourage their children to read books. Thelackof public libraries might answer for the falling number of readers. China has less than 3,300 public libraries, compared with (和……相比) more than 160,000 in the United States. And unlike countries such as the US and Britain which help read among communities, China lacks a good public service system to offer books to readers. In order to encourage people to read more books, publishers should publish books that not only have rich contents but also attract more readers to read. Besides, schools could set some special days for theme-based reading in order to encourage students to read more books. Companies or social societies could also organize different kinds of activities to get more people to read more books. 9．What can we learn from the national survey? A．Most adults read 4 or 5 books every month on average. B．People’s reading habits have changed over the past few years. C．Students are likely to spend less time reading books. D．Adults are more interested in watching videos online. 10．The underlined word “lack” in Paragraph 3 most probably means________. A．appearance B．shortage C．improvement D．protection 11．What does the writer plan to do in the last paragraph? A．List ways of helping read books. B．Introduce reading activities to students. C．Prove the importance of reading books. D．Give advice on contents to publishers. 12．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Why to read B．Let’s publish more books C．How to read D．Let’s read more books 主题03 人与社会——方法/策略 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末） What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year. I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Like the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement of us all in a process of mutual (共同的) discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the important issues of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 1．What did the author think of his first Greek philosophy class? A．Boring. B．Amazing. C．Confusing. D．Challenging. 2．Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A．To prove Dr. Degenaar’s devotion to his career. B．To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C．To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D．To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 3．How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A．It combines theory with practice. B．It has no limit on learning places. C．It encourages independent thinking. D．It focuses more on the result of learning. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce his respected teachers. B．To share his favorite university lesson. C．To explain the factors of experiential learning. D．To recommend an effective learning approach. 主题04 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末） Great books that make perfect New Year gifts Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we seldom try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel（方向盘）. If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world, we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 4．According to Paragraph5, life can be made truly good when ______. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 主题05 人与自我——个人保健 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末） Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis (分析) shows a surprising answer: while obesity (肥胖) increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it. These studies included almost 3 million adults from around the world, yet the results were clearly the same, the authors of the analysis said. “If you have a medical condition, your chances of living are slightly better if you are a bit on the heavy side,” says study author Katherine Flegal, “Several factors may contribute to this finding.” “Heavier people may tend to see the doctor earlier,” she says, “and may be more likely to be treated according to the doctor’s advice. Obesity itself may protect the heart, or someone who is heavier might be better able to fight against a shock to the system.” For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies. The researchers looked at the participants’ (参与者) body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat that takes into consideration a person’s height and weight. The researchers found that, compared with people of normal weight, overweight people had a 6 percent lower risk of death. Obese people, however, had an 18 percent higher risk. For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed. While the study found a relation between weight and the risk of early death, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Indeed, one expert warned that body weight alone cannot tell health and the risk of death. “There are other factors that play a role in health,” says Dr. William, a professor at Louisiana State University. “BMI simply is a parameter (参数); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration.” 1．What did Flegal’s team do for their study? A．They interviewed almost 3 million adults. B．They did 97 experiments with fat people. C．They collected data on 2.88 million people. D．They talked with doctors for medical conditions. 2．Compared with people of normal weight, the least obese people had a(n)______ risk of death. A．5 percent lower B．6 percent lower C．18 percent higher D．29 percent higher 3．Which of the following may Dr. William agree with? A．Weight contributes to the risk of early death. B．Weight has no relation with the risk of death. C．BMI is only a factor to judge people’s health. D．BMI alone can tell people’s health conditions. 4．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Obesity kills B．The thinner, the healthier C．BMI counts D．A bit overweight, a longer life 主题06 人与社会——畅想未来 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末） “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking. Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible disease, or some other disaster strike Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said. But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more important projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever. What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home? 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________ A．provide an explanation B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 2．In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________. A．protect humans from dying out B．make Hawking's dream come true C．seek more space for humans to live in D．encourage different organizations to compete 3．For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars? A．Out of space, out of mind. B．Money should be well spent. C．East or west, home is the best. D．One should mind his own business. 4．What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars? A．Confident. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Supportive. 主题07 人与自我——网课 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏徐州·期末） JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada It is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. However, these courses would not look like most current online courses. When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary (孤立的) process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through pages of text and solving a whole bunch of problems. While learning may be occurring, I suspect that it’s short-term with little real understanding of mathematics. There are some students who learn well under these circumstances, but this is not true for the majority of students. A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. For example, if students were learning to solve equations, they would be directed to solve a carefully arranged set of problems using an interactive program. They would reflect on the interaction and share their observations with others taking the course. Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. Students could experience real-world problems through video and simulations and use a variety of computer-based tools to solve these problems. Notice that a course like this is not solitary, but highly interactive, and it builds both problem-solving skills and conceptual knowledge. BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education Whether or not any computing tool used in the classroom will interfere with or energize learning depends on how the teacher organizes its use. When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. Hybrid models that combine classroom interaction with tools like blogs, podcasts, social networks and discussion forums can engage students in ways that traditional environments do not. When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up. There are other benefits. Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online. Many students are already using technology in their own time to learn and create, for their own purposes or for school assignments (作业). If they know where to look, they can access online communities that foster (促进)their imagination and offer informal mentorship (辅导). Instead of wondering whether teenagers are too easily distracted by computers, we should be figuring out how we can use digital media to sustain (维持) teenagers’ interest and their desire to learn. 1．According to Jennifer Salls, in most current online classes, ______. A．students hardly learn anything B．students are made to learn all on their own C．students are led to improve their self-study abilities D．students focus more on theories than on problem-solving skills 2．Which of the following statements best summarizes Salls’ opinions? A．Online courses should try to make the most of interactive resources. B．Schools today pay more attention to students, conceptual knowledge. C．Students cannot learn mathematics effectively through online courses. D．Thanks to online classes, teachers’ work load can be greatly decreased. 3．Brigid Barron mentioned all of the following potentials of online classes EXCEPT ______. A．narrowing the gap between rich and poor B．providing students with real-time feedback C．teaching students how to exploit online resources D．maintaining students’ interest throughout the course 4．Both Salls and Barron believe that_______. A．good courses should combine advanced technology and online resources B．teachers play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of online classes C．students should be able to learn effectively through well-designed online classes D．online courses are more effective only when students are assigned challenging tasks 主题01 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡锡山高级中学·期末） In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky,a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries. Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown （树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space. Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole. When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals,and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when. Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships. 1．What is “crown shyness”? A．A crown with channel-like gaps. B．A forest with umbrella-shaped crowns. C．A behavior that trees give each other space. D．A phenomenon that trees compete for space. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 3? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By defining a concept. D．By making a comparison. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The effects of ignoring boundaries. B．The meaning of taking responsibilities. C．The importance of setting personal boundaries. D．The methods of managing individual resources. 4．What is the author’s attitude to marking out a boundary? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Conservative. 主题02 人与自我——健康饮食 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末） The first time I questioned the traditional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt. Researchers found that salt supplementation(补充) was unnecessary after exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice. Although sports nutritionists have recommended consuming more salt when we sweat hard in physical activity, the message that we should avoid salt at all other times remains strong. And salt is still considered deadly. So why have we been told that salt is so deadly? The advice has always sounded reasonable: Eat more salt, and your body keeps water to maintain a stable concentration of sodium (钠) in your blood. This is why salty food might make us thirsty: We drink more; we keep water. The result can be a temporary increase in blood pressure. The scientific question is whether this temporary phenomenon leads to permanent problems: If we eat too much salt for years, does it cause high blood pressure, and then kill us? It makes sense, but it’s only a hypothesis(假设), which hasn’t been proved but unfortunately accepted as a fact. In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ study reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit”was actually harmful. Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign(运动) tend to deal with this opposing evidence (证据) by implying that anyone raising it is a shill(同谋) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improve taste). When several government agencies held a hearing last November to discuss how to ensure Americans eat less salt, anti-salt supporters argued that the latest reports suggesting damage from lower-salt diets should simply be ignored. This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been held for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change. 1．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 refers to the belief that_________. A．people should take in salt after exercise B．salt intake was needless after physical activity C．salt pills were helpful during football practices D．a healthy diet does not necessarily include enough salt 2．What does the Italian researchers’ study show? A．Eating less salt can harm our health. B．Eating too much salt raises blood pressure. C．We should try to avoid salt on a daily basis. D．We should follow the recommended “safe upper limit”. 3．What do the eat-less-salt campaigners do with the opposing evidence? A．They treat it with some respect. B．They report it to the government agencies. C．They do scientific experiments to support it. D．They suggest that the food industry is behind it. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards the anti-salt campaign? A．Supportive. B．Unconcerned. C．Puzzled. D．Negative. 主题03 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期末） Beauty has always been regarded as something that deserves praise. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier，have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive（主管）circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder，it is harmful to a woman. ① Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men；effort and ability were thought to account for their success. ② Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones；their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable（能力强的）than the attractive female executives. Interestingly，though，the rise of the unattractive overnight success was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight success. ③ An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine（女性化的）and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus，an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required. This is true even in politics（政治）, “When the only clue is how he or she looks，people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates（候选人）. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. Then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again，in the order they would vote for them. ④ The results showed that attractive males defeated unattractive men. but the women who had been ranked most attractive received the fewest votes. 1．The underline word “liability” in paragraph 1 most probably means A．trouble B．advantage C．misfortune D．opportunity 2．In traditionally female jobs，attractiveness ________ A．is beneficial B．is decisive C．ensures success D．reflects honesty 3．The sentence “why are attractive women not thought to be able?” should be put in _______. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．The author writes this passage to _______. A．demand equal rights in politics for females B．give advice on how to achieve success for men C．stress the importance of appearance for job-seekers D．discuss the disadvantages of attractiveness for women Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江苏南京金陵中学·期末） Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt. What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined. So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. 5．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos? A．It ignored marketing strategies. B．It priced itself relatively high. C．It lacked a particularly good taste. D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 6．What can be inferred about meaning seekers? A．They frequent high-end stores. B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions. D．They make more purchases with money. 7．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By giving some examples. B．By listing numbers and data. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making some comparisons. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to Buy C．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet Passage 3 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近视) and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger. Even today, doctors are reporting a rise in shortsightedness in children. The condition can be genetic (遗传的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long periods of time. Of course, children have had increased screen time due to lockdowns (封控) during the Covid pandemic — it’ s been the only way to receive education and communicate with others. But education generally could be the cause of the rise in shortsightedness. Neema Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, told BBC Future website, “Reading and spending more time indoors may be responsible for it. Every year of education increases the expected amount of shortsightedness.” The problem appears to be more serious in some Asian countries. Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. Therefore, it seems, spending more time outdoors could be good for children’ s eye health. The UK’ s College of Optometrists is suggesting parents should get their kids playing outside for two hours a day. Several scientific studies show this can prevent or stop the development of shortsightedness. There’s been a focus on using technology, such as laser (激光) surgery, for fixing shortsightedness, but for children at least, it seems a moment of daylight and a break from the screen might be part of the solution. Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious. 9．How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing an expert. 10．What is a modern-day factor in children’ s shortsightedness? A．Genetic reason. B．Unexpected lockdown. C．Extra physical education. D．Increased screen time. 11．Why are more children short-sighted in the countries with huge educational success? A．They spend more time staring at screens. B．They spend less time playing indoors. C．They spend more time studying indoors. D．They spend less time taking eye tests. 12．What do experts suggest children doing to protect their eyesight? A．Receiving surgical operation. B．Taking regular examination. C．Increasing indoor activities. D．Stay away from modern technologies. Passage 4 （23-24高一上·江苏镇江·期末） Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (证券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common. As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.” In a New York Times article, Wharton professor Adam Grant offers a simple prescription-stop giving advice. Wait, what? Doesn’t other people’s advice help improve our decisions? Of course they do, but as Grant points out, giving your advice isn’t the same as saying, “You should do this...” “When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises. “People seldom need to hear our conclusion. They benefit from hearing our thought process and our view on the criteria (标准) for the matter. The most useful advice doesn’t tell us what to do clearly and exactly; it helps people see blind spots in their thinking.” You may want to offer an example from your own life to explain your way of thinking, Grant continues, but “make sure to explain that it mayor may not be suitable for them.” Each of us has our own unique set of talents, fears, values and limits. When someone comes to you for advice, it’s near impossible to get a full picture of theirs. That means it's near impossible to tell them what they should do. Therefore, advice should not mean “telling people what to do.” Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (变量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles. Showing someone how to think through a problem for themselves beats telling them the right answer almost every time. 13．Why does the author mention the stories of Buffett and Oprah? A．To introduce a topic. B．To explain a rule. C．To give a reason. D．To make a comparison. 14．Why do experts sometimes give bad advice according to Paul Graham? A．They don’t live in a normal way. B．They hesitate to make early decisions. C．They have forgotten their earlier experience. D．They base their advice on previous knowledge. 15．What does the underlined word “prescription” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．System. B．Suggestion. C．Argument. D．Effect. 16．What does the author suggest on giving others good advice? A．Offering them guidance on how to develop their talents. B．Finding a good chance to tell them what they should do. C．Reminding them of the importance of making right decisions directly. D．Helping them develop a more complete way to consider their choices. Passage 5 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） “PLEASE DON’T KILL HIM” said Mrs. Reid with tears in her eyes. “I’m really sorry,” I said, hardly able to look at her. A nurse held her hand and tried to comfort her. “He’s been my entire world for 14 years, I don’t know what I’ll do without him,” she said with tears in her eyes. She wasn’t talking about a person. She was talking about Toby, her King Charles spaniel. Mrs. Reid had come into hospital after she’d fallen. She had Parkinson’s disease, meaning her ability to move was worsening. It was the second time she’d fallen in just a few weeks, and this time she’d broken her hip. While the hip had now been fixed, it was clear that she was too frail (脆弱的) to go home, and the social workers had arranged for her to go into a care home. A neighbor had been looking after Toby, but with Mrs. Reid no longer going home and as she had no family who could take him, it looked likely that he’d have to be killed. She was begging me to allow her home, but it was simply too dangerous. This situation is far from unique. Research has found that each year thousands of dogs are put down because their owners go into care homes. Over 100,000 have to be rehomed. Thankfully I spoke to a kindly social worker who eventually found a care home for Mrs. Reid that would allow her to take Toby with her. But these places are few. I think we need to seriously re-examine what’s happening here. It seems completely wrong. There is no doubt that we are a nation of animal lovers. Many of us consider our pets to be part of the family and there’s a fair few of us, I guess, that actually prefer our pets to a good number of people. Humans have a great ability to draw comfort and support from animals. For older people like Mrs. Reid, they are often the important source of companionship (陪伴) and about a quarter of old people have a pet. Yet when they come into hospital or a care home, they are denied this relationship. While the US, France, Norway and Switzerland all have laws forcing housing providers to accept pets belonging to elderly people, studies have shown that around 70 per cent of care homes in the UK forbid elderly people from bringing pets. This figure has risen in recent years and is likely to be due to increasing concerns around “health and safety”. However, research has concluded that they are “necessary to elderly people’s quality of life” and that having to move to care homes without their pets was psychologically similar to losing their family. It seems outrageous (可耻的) that care homes—whose purpose is to ensure the elderly people’s welfare (福利)—are able to deny them something which has proven clinical benefits for their health. 17．Who is Toby according to the passage? A．Mrs. Reid’s friend. B．Mrs. Reid’s son. C．Mrs. Reid’s dog. D．Mrs. Reid’s cat. 18．What happened to Toby finally according to the author? A．Toby was killed by the government. B．Toby was taken back home by Mrs. Reid’s neighbor. C．Toby was sent away to somewhere far from Mrs. Reid. D．Toby was still staying with Mrs. Reid thanks to the author. 19．What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 3? A．The relationship can last forever. B．They are provided with the relationship. C．The relationship is taken away from them. D．They are ensured of the relationship. 20．What’s the author’s attitude to the UK’s forbidding people from bringing pets to care homes? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 主题04 人与社会——医疗 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期末） Have you ever got frightened for being seriously ill but some doctors’ caring words cured you right away? Or have you ever felt moved deeply when doctors listened to you patiently? If so, then you’re not alone. My mum, for example, recently started losing her sight, which made her worried. She went for an urgent date with an eye doctor at the local hospital. When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied, “Oh, it was wonderful. They were so lovely and kind. ”Could she now see? No. Had they been able to treat it? No. In fact, she had to wait for an hour to see the nurse, and three hours to see the doctor. Although they’d ruled out emergency causes for her sight loss, they hadn’t known the root of the problem. She was now at home, still unable to see properly and not knowing if she would go blind permanently. But that didn’t matter. What mattered to her was that a nurse met her at the door and helped her to her seat. Another nurse offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The doctor touched her knee and listened to her as she explained what had happened, asking about how the loss of sight had affected her life. He understood what worried my mum was that as an avid(热衷的) reader, she wouldn’t be able to read a book again. Touched by the doctors and nurses’ kind actions, she felt she had received good care. Patients don’t evaluate the actual medicine that is used; it’s the communication skills of the doctor that determine how they evaluate the care. Maybe the key to improving healthcare is better listening. 1．Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1? A．To praise the doctors. B．To attract readers’ interest. C．To show a common sight. D．To provide background information. 2．How did the mother feel after seeing the doctor? A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Satisfied. D．Confident. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The mother is able to read again. B．The mother has lost sight forever. C．The root of the problem has already been found. D．Better listening is good for improving healthcare. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the medical workers’ behaviour? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 主题05 人与自我——情绪 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏徐州·期末） Feelings are the emotional and physical responses to what we think about and how we react to daily events. Feelings are natural — we can’t stop them from happening. Because we are all different, we respond to feelings in various ways, sometimes positively and sometimes negatively. But if we are aware of our feelings, we can learn to respect ourselves and others. There are many misunderstandings about feelings. For example, “ Feelings, that womanish stuff. ” Recognizing that feelings are real and natural for everyone is important. Some of us may never agree that feelings are a part of living. It may be difficult for some of us to talk about our feelings. Learning about personal feelings is important in building self-awareness and relationships with others. Most mentally healthy individuals learn to accept feelings, both good and bad. “Feelings don’t exist, or they are dangerous. So no one should talk about them. ” Refusing to admit feelings can damage relationships. It can also build up emotions to the point when negative behaviors break out, for example, when an angry person hits the table. Not being able to talk to those we respect about our feelings may cause an emotional ‘shut down’ . Talking about personal feelings with your family may help. But if it doesn’t, you may need to talk about your feelings with someone else. Instead of denying feelings, it is healthier to talk about them. One of the most important things you can do to create respect in a family is never to deny someone’s feelings. Try to spend time each day, perhaps at the dinner table or in a private chat, talking about feelings. Teach your children by example, like “ I feel afraid that you will be sleepy tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon. ” Learn to be a good listener and show understanding. 1．What is the feature of feelings? A．They are negative. B．They happen naturally. C．They are dangerous. D．They exist in women. 2．Why does the author mention “ an angry person hits the table ” in Paragraph 3? A．To tell a story. B．To explain an idea. C．To show a fact. D．To give a definition. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward talking about feelings? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Ways of sharing feelings in a family. B．Effects of denying someone’s feelings. C．Reasons for having respect in a family. D．Importance of teaching kids about feelings. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——体育健身 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） What are the limits of the human body? Is there a point at which it is physically impossible to do something? “One thing we’ve all learned in the last 30 years or so is that just about anything is humanly possible,” says Dr. Jack Wilmore, author of Physiology (生理学) of Sport and Exercise. “As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. With more and better athletes involved and competing, records will fall and new standards will be set.” Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered routine even in high school. And Bob Beamon stretched human performance in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.90 metres. In an event where a record is usually broken by mere inches, he broke the previous jump record by more than 21 inches, but even his record was broken in 1991. One factor is now becoming more understood and popular: sports psychology (心理学). Getting inside the athlete’s head can be as effective as training and long workouts. According to Wilmore, the psychological aspect of sports has become more and more esteemed. He points out that most professional teams have hired (聘用) sports psychologists for their players. In addition, every aspect of athletics — training, nutrition, injury treatment — is far better than it’s ever been. “Besides, children today tend to master one or two sports instead of participating in several as was common twenty-five years ago,” Wilmore says. “That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and more intensely (密集地), and they become much better at it.” “There’s a lot we don’t know yet about the human body,” he adds. “And one of those things is the full range of human potential. It would be foolish to try and put limits on what the human body can do.” 1．Which of the following sentences will Wilmore probably agree with? A．Athletes will become the most famous people. B．Athletes will continue to surprise us with their achievements. C．It is preferable to set universal standards for athletes. D．It is necessary for athletes to learn the limits of the body. 2．Why are Roger Bannister and Bob Beamon mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show some of the latest world records. B．To explain what athletes can achieve under stress. C．To introduce two great athletes. D．To prove the limits of the body can be pushed. 3．What does the underlined word “esteemed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．valued B．similar C．traditional D．difficult 4．How are today’s children different from those years ago according to Wilmore? A．They are less likely to get injured in sports. B．They participate in far more sports. C．They become more professional at one particular sport. D．They begin playing sports at a much earlier age. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类身体极限的挑战与突破，强调心理因素和训练的重要性。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. (随着时间的推移，我认为你会看到每项运动的纪录都会不断被打破。)”和第三段中“Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered routine even in high school. (许多人曾认为，人类不可能在四分钟以内跑完一英里，但Roger Bannister在1954年以3分59秒的成绩打破了这一理论。如今，即使在中学里，跑进四分钟以内也被视为稀松平常。)”可知，Wilmore可能会同意“运动员将继续用他们的成就让我们感到惊讶”这一观点。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered routine even in high school. And Bob Beamon stretched human performance in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.90 metres. In an event where a record is usually broken by mere inches, he broke the previous jump record by more than 21 inches, but even his record was broken in 1991. (许多人曾认为，人类不可能在四分钟以内跑完一英里，但Roger Bannister在1954年以三分59秒的成绩打破了这一理论。如今，即使在中学里，跑进四分钟以内也被视为稀松平常。而在1968年奥运会上，Bob Beamon以8.90米的成绩刷新了跳远历史纪录。在一项纪录通常只以几英寸之差被打破的运动中，他比之前的跳远纪录提高了21英寸多，但他的纪录也在1991年被打破。)”可知，Roger Bannister和Bob Beamon分别打破了人类跑步和跳远的极限，证明了人体的极限是可以被挑战的。因此，他们被提及是为了证明人体的极限可以被推动。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“According to Wilmore, the psychological aspect of sports has become more and more esteemed. He points out that most professional teams have hired (聘用) sports psychologists for their players. (Wilmore认为，体育运动的心理层面越来越esteemed。他指出，大多数职业运动队都为他们的运动员聘请了运动心理学家。)”可知，大多数职业球队都为他们的球员聘请了运动心理学家，因此Wilmore认为体育的心理方面变得越来越受重视，esteemed在此处的意思是“重视”，与A项valued“重视”意思相符。故选A。 4．细节理解题。由文章第五段中““Besides, children today tend to master one or two sports instead of participating in several as was common twenty-five years ago,” Wilmore says. “That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and more intensely , and they become much better at it.” (“此外，如今的孩子往往只擅长一或两项运动，而不是像25年前那样普遍参与多项运动，”Wilmore说，“这意味着他们开始更早、更专注地投入到某项运动中，并在这项运动中变得更加出色。”)”可知，现在的孩子们在某一特定运动上变得更加专业。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末） Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 5．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 6．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 7．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)?(武术应该成为学校课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).(但一项新的研究表明，第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏徐州·期末） Brad Thomas, a New York City based recruiter (招聘者), reads hundreds of resumes (简历) every month. Lately he has noticed that along with schools, skills and past employers, people are listing their fitness achievements. More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. “They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,” says Thomas. Eliot Kaplan, a 28-year-old creative, added his Boston Marathon run to his resume when he was looking for a new job. He also spelled out that he played college tennis and completed Spartan races, which are muddy obstacle course runs. The purpose, he says, was to show that he likes to be competitive and takes a work-hard, play-hard attitude toward life. However, not everyone agrees. A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able to go above or beyond because he spent so much time on sports. Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. “It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,” she says. The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles. 1．What is Thomas’ attitude to including fitness achievements? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go above or beyond” probably mean? A．Gain trust. B．Get employed. C．Earn respect. D．Achieve more. 3．Why is Fajardo unwilling to mention her marathon race? A．It is not a satisfying result. B．It is not related to her work. C．It will be unfair for other job hunters. D．It will let out her personal information. 4．Who is most likely to include fitness achievements? A．Senior managers. B．University students. C．College teachers. D．Experienced engineers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了是否在简历中包含运动成就的不同观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. ‘They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,’ says Thomas.(运动成就不仅仅是开启对话的话题，更是一种突出职场重视品质的方式。托马斯说：‘它们能让你的简历更美观，更令人印象深刻。如果你的健身努力与工作相关，那就更好了。’)”可知，Thomas认为运动成就可以美化简历，使其更令人印象深刻，如果健身努力与工作相关就更好了。由此推知，Thomas对在简历中包含运动成就是支持的态度。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able...(一些求职者说，老板可能会担心他做不到)”和后文“because he spent so much time on sports(因为他在运动上花了太多时间)”可推知，老板会担心员工在运动上花了太多时间，所以不能取得更多成就。由此推知，划线短语意思是“取得更多成就”，与Achieve more语意一致。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. ‘It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,’ she says.(32岁的税务顾问卡米尔·法哈多最近参加了芝加哥马拉松比赛，但她说她永远不会把它写在简历上。她说：‘这是个人成就，而不是职业成就。’)”可知，Fajardo不愿意提及她的马拉松比赛，是因为这与她的工作无关。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles.(洛杉矶一家高管猎头公司Norgay Partners的副总裁John Major说，求职者的职位越高，他们就越不可能在简历中包含健身或任何非工作兴趣)”可知，职位越高的人越不可能在简历中包含健身成就。由此推知，还未进入职场的大学生最有可能在简历中包含运动成就。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） So many of us hold on to little resentments (仇怨) from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. We wait for someone else to reach out to us ― believing this is the only way we can forgive or rebuild a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine whose health isn’t very good, recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted at first, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” She was willing to die before reaching out to his only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn “small thing” into “big thing” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right” they will become less defensive (戒备的) and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 5．What does the underlined word “resisted” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Regretted B．Refused. C．Recalled. D．Reminded 6．What happened to the author’s friend after she called her son? A．She realized her mistakes. B．She lost the battle and died. C．She received her son’s apology. D．She was encouraged by the author. 7．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Holding on to the right position leads to resentments. B．Turning small thing into big one will make a difference. C．Being peaceful is more important than being right in disagreement. D．To avoid arguments and misunderstandings means seeking for happiness. 8．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To tell the readers to reach out first. B．To instruct the readers how to apologize. C．To teach the readers how to gain inner peace. D．To inform the readers the importance of peace. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了主动化解矛盾的重要性，通过实例说明放下怨恨、率先伸出橄榄枝能带来内心的平静与关系的修复。 5．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“When I suggested that she be the one to reach out(当我建议她主动联系时)”可知，作者建议朋友主动联系儿子，结合下文的““I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.”(“我不能这么做。他才是应该道歉的人。”)”可知，作者朋友觉得儿子是那个应该道歉的人，她不能主动联系儿子。由此可知，此处指的是她起初“拒绝”了作者，所以划线单词的意思与“拒绝”意义相近。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her.(然而，经过一番温柔的鼓励，她决定第一个主动联系儿子的人。令她惊讶的是，她的儿子很感激她愿意打电话给她，并真诚地向她道歉)”可知，作者朋友主动联系儿子后，儿子很感激并且真诚的道了歉。由此可知，作者朋友收到了她儿子的道歉。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right.(如果你想成为一个更平和的人，你必须明白，放手和主动接触意味着放下对错。让别人是对的)”可知，为了成为更平和的人，必须明白放手和主动联系的重要性。由此可知，在分歧中保持内心的平静比坚持自己是对的更为重要。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据首段中的“We wait for someone else to reach out to us ― believing this is the only way we can forgive or rebuild a friendship or family relationship.(我们等待别人主动让步——相信这是我们能够原谅或重建友谊或家庭关系的唯一途径)”可知，我们很多人在关系出现问题时，等待别人做出让步是解决矛盾的唯一途径，结合文章讲述作者朋友的故事以及对内心和平重要性的讨论可知，当关系出现裂痕时，主动联系是非常重要的，结合尾段中的“You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself.(你会有一种内心的满足感，因为你知道自己已经尽了自己的一份力量来创造一个更有爱的世界，当然你自己也会变得更平和)”可知，主动联系不仅有助于创造一个更有爱的世界，也能使自己更加内心平和。由此推知，文章的目的在于告诉读者要主动迈出第一步去修复关系。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） Newspapers, magazines, even online articles offer reading materials for people. But strictly speaking, reading means reading books. Since reading books seems to be going out of date, it has raised people’s concerns (担心). The yearly national reading survey (调查) shows people’s reading habits have rarely changed over the past several years. The survey says about 59 percent of the adults in China read books, with one adult, on average, reading 4 or 5 books a year. This means a large number of people don’t read at all and that those who do so only read a few books a year. A worrying fact is that even students don’t seem to be reading books as they spend more time and energy watching videos online. There are many reasons why fewer people read books today. To begin with, given the fast-changing social atmosphere, many people tend to spend time on hobbies other than reading. Also, many parents don’t care much about reading, and so they fail to educate their children and grandchildren to love reading books. Therefore, parents should create a good atmosphere that would encourage their children to read books. Thelackof public libraries might answer for the falling number of readers. China has less than 3,300 public libraries, compared with (和……相比) more than 160,000 in the United States. And unlike countries such as the US and Britain which help read among communities, China lacks a good public service system to offer books to readers. In order to encourage people to read more books, publishers should publish books that not only have rich contents but also attract more readers to read. Besides, schools could set some special days for theme-based reading in order to encourage students to read more books. Companies or social societies could also organize different kinds of activities to get more people to read more books. 9．What can we learn from the national survey? A．Most adults read 4 or 5 books every month on average. B．People’s reading habits have changed over the past few years. C．Students are likely to spend less time reading books. D．Adults are more interested in watching videos online. 10．The underlined word “lack” in Paragraph 3 most probably means________. A．appearance B．shortage C．improvement D．protection 11．What does the writer plan to do in the last paragraph? A．List ways of helping read books. B．Introduce reading activities to students. C．Prove the importance of reading books. D．Give advice on contents to publishers. 12．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Why to read B．Let’s publish more books C．How to read D．Let’s read more books 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要就越来越少的人读书这一现状展开论述，建议人们多读书。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A worrying fact is that even students don’t seem to be reading books as they spend more time and energy watching videos online.”可知，一个令人担忧的事实是，就连学生似乎也没有在读书，因为他们花了更多的时间和精力在网上看视频。由此推知，学生在读书上花更少的时间。故选C项。 10．词义猜测题。根据第三段“China has less than 3,300 public libraries, compared with (和……相比) more than 160,000 in the United States.”可知，中国只有不到3300个公共图书馆，而美国有超过16万个。根据划线部分后一句可知，中国缺少图书馆，所以是读者数量下降的原因之一。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In order to encourage people to read more books, publishers should publish books that not only have rich contents but also attract more readers to read.”可知，为了鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍，出版商应该出版的书籍不仅要内容丰富，还要吸引更多的读者阅读。以及最后一句的“to get more people to read more books(让更多的人读更多的书)”，所以作者在最后一段是例举了帮助读书的方法。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since reading books seems to be going out of date, it has raised people’s concerns (担心).”可知，由于阅读书籍似乎已经过时了，这引起了人们的关注。第一段和第二段引出了越来越少的人读书的现状，第二段第三段解释读者少的原因，最后一段例举了帮助读书的方法，所以整篇文章围绕着读书展开，作者建议人们去读书，D项“让我们读更多的书”适合做本文最佳标题。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——方法/策略 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末） What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year. I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Like the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement of us all in a process of mutual (共同的) discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the important issues of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 1．What did the author think of his first Greek philosophy class? A．Boring. B．Amazing. C．Confusing. D．Challenging. 2．Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A．To prove Dr. Degenaar’s devotion to his career. B．To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C．To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D．To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 3．How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A．It combines theory with practice. B．It has no limit on learning places. C．It encourages independent thinking. D．It focuses more on the result of learning. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce his respected teachers. B．To share his favorite university lesson. C．To explain the factors of experiential learning. D．To recommend an effective learning approach. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。作者通过比较大学时代的教授希腊哲学课的Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的“视学生为容器”的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the ‘soul’. Here was the ‘teacher’ asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. (Degenaar博士在本学期的第一个周五早上来到讲堂，让我们写下自己对‘灵魂’的定义。这是‘老师’问我们的想法——这几乎是一次令人兴奋的经历。他不是在告诉我们他是怎么想的，而是在问我们是怎么看的。接下来的讨论很有趣。那是我第一次在课堂上真正的学习。)”可知，作者认为他的第一堂希腊哲学课令人兴奋，很有趣，是作者第一次在课堂上真正的学习，这是一堂令作者惊奇的课。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. (当你回想起你的大学岁月时，什么给你印象最深？对我来说，这是我在斯泰伦博斯大学上的第一堂德格纳尔博士的希腊哲学课。)”，以及第三段“Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who ‘taught’ me during that year, I remember they ‘taught’ me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. (那次经历已经过去近50年了。那一年里教过我的其他讲师。我记得他们‘教’我希腊哲学史，但我对那段历史记得很少，对那些讲师更是一无所知。我对希腊哲学的大部分记忆都是我在Degenaar博士的课上学到的，出于我自己的兴趣。)”可知，通过比较Degenaar博士和其他讲师的课，作者只对Degenaar博士的课记忆深刻，强调了Degenaar博士对他的巨大影响。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself / herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. (相反，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式。)”可知，体验式学习不同于传统学习，这个学习方式鼓励学习者独立思考，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a ‘teacher’ or ‘lecturer’ says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. (相反，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式。学习的发生不是因为‘老师’或‘讲师’说了什么，而是因为学习者做了什么。从这个意义上说，我认为这是最好的学习方式，每个人都应该尝试并从中学习。)”可知，作者通过比较Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式，所以作者的写作目的是推荐一种有效的学习方法。故选D项。 主题04 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末） Great books that make perfect New Year gifts Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we seldom try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel（方向盘）. If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world, we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 4．According to Paragraph5, life can be made truly good when ______. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 主题05 人与自我——个人保健 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末） Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis (分析) shows a surprising answer: while obesity (肥胖) increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it. These studies included almost 3 million adults from around the world, yet the results were clearly the same, the authors of the analysis said. “If you have a medical condition, your chances of living are slightly better if you are a bit on the heavy side,” says study author Katherine Flegal, “Several factors may contribute to this finding.” “Heavier people may tend to see the doctor earlier,” she says, “and may be more likely to be treated according to the doctor’s advice. Obesity itself may protect the heart, or someone who is heavier might be better able to fight against a shock to the system.” For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies. The researchers looked at the participants’ (参与者) body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat that takes into consideration a person’s height and weight. The researchers found that, compared with people of normal weight, overweight people had a 6 percent lower risk of death. Obese people, however, had an 18 percent higher risk. For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed. While the study found a relation between weight and the risk of early death, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Indeed, one expert warned that body weight alone cannot tell health and the risk of death. “There are other factors that play a role in health,” says Dr. William, a professor at Louisiana State University. “BMI simply is a parameter (参数); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration.” 1．What did Flegal’s team do for their study? A．They interviewed almost 3 million adults. B．They did 97 experiments with fat people. C．They collected data on 2.88 million people. D．They talked with doctors for medical conditions. 2．Compared with people of normal weight, the least obese people had a(n)______ risk of death. A．5 percent lower B．6 percent lower C．18 percent higher D．29 percent higher 3．Which of the following may Dr. William agree with? A．Weight contributes to the risk of early death. B．Weight has no relation with the risk of death. C．BMI is only a factor to judge people’s health. D．BMI alone can tell people’s health conditions. 4．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Obesity kills B．The thinner, the healthier C．BMI counts D．A bit overweight, a longer life 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论肥胖对身体健康的影响。根据研究表明，微胖的人可能会活得更久。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies.”(在这项研究中，Flegal的研究小组在97项研究中收集了288万人的数据)可知，为了这项研究，Flegal的团队收集了288万人的数据。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed.(研究结果显示，那些最不肥胖的人的死亡风险比正常体重的人低5%，但那些最肥胖的人的死亡风险要高29%)”可知，那些最不肥胖的人的死亡风险比正常体重的人低5%。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“BMI simply is a parameter (参数); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration. (BMI仅仅是一个参数，它并不考虑家族史，吸烟，健康和其他因素)”可知，BMI仅仅是一个判断人健康的因素。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis shows a surprising answer: while obesity increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it.(微胖可以帮助你活得更久吗？一个新研究分析表明，肥胖可以增加过早死亡的风险，而微胖可以减少这种风险)”及下文对该项研究的介绍可知，A bit overweight, a longer life(稍微超重一点，寿命更长一点)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D项。 主题06 人与社会——畅想未来 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末） “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking. Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible disease, or some other disaster strike Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said. But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more important projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever. What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home? 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________ A．provide an explanation B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 2．In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________. A．protect humans from dying out B．make Hawking's dream come true C．seek more space for humans to live in D．encourage different organizations to compete 3．For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars? A．Out of space, out of mind. B．Money should be well spent. C．East or west, home is the best. D．One should mind his own business. 4．What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars? A．Confident. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论人类应该待在地球还是殖民其他星球。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth”（扩张或许是仅存的拯救我们自己的方式。我深信人类需要离开地球。）可知，文章开头就通过Stephen Hawking的话引出话题：离开地球，去其他星球，故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible disease, or some other disaster strike Earth, we would still have a chance.”（如果一颗小行星或其他的灾难袭击地球，我们通过这种方式，仍将有机会存活。）可知，殖民火星是为了保护人类，以免人类灭绝，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous.”（反对去其他星球的言论中最普遍的是：太贵和危险。）可知，因为太贵，太危险，所以一些科学家反对殖民火星，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.”（然而待在地球比在一个新星球上生存更容易，花费更少。）及“moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.”（搬到新星球会伤害或毁灭那儿已经存在的生命。）可知，作者以客观的角度分析了是否移民火星这个问题，故选C项。 主题07 人与自我——网课 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏徐州·期末） JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada It is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. However, these courses would not look like most current online courses. When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary (孤立的)process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through pages of text and solving a whole bunch of problems. While learning may be occurring, I suspect that it’s short-term with little real understanding of mathematics. There are some students who learn well under these circumstances, but this is not true for the majority of students. A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. For example, if students were learning to solve equations, they would be directed to solve a carefully arranged set of problems using an interactive program. They would reflect on the interaction and share their observations with others taking the course. Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. Students could experience real-world problems through video and simulations and use a variety of computer-based tools to solve these problems. Notice that a course like this is not solitary, but highly interactive, and it builds both problem-solving skills and conceptual knowledge. BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education Whether or not any computing tool used in the classroom will interfere with or energize learning depends on how the teacher organizes its use. When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. Hybrid models that combine classroom interaction with tools like blogs, podcasts, social networks and discussion forums can engage students in ways that traditional environments do not. When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up. There are other benefits. Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online. Many students are already using technology in their own time to learn and create, for their own purposes or for school assignments (作业). If they know where to look, they can access online communities that foster (促进)their imagination and offer informal mentorship (辅导). Instead of wondering whether teenagers are too easily distracted by computers, we should be figuring out how we can use digital media to sustain (维持) teenagers’ interest and their desire to learn. 1．According to Jennifer Salls, in most current online classes, ______. A．students hardly learn anything B．students are made to learn all on their own C．students are led to improve their self-study abilities D．students focus more on theories than on problem-solving skills 2．Which of the following statements best summarizes Salls’ opinions? A．Online courses should try to make the most of interactive resources. B．Schools today pay more attention to students, conceptual knowledge. C．Students cannot learn mathematics effectively through online courses. D．Thanks to online classes, teachers’ work load can be greatly decreased. 3．Brigid Barron mentioned all of the following potentials of online classes EXCEPT ______. A．narrowing the gap between rich and poor B．providing students with real-time feedback C．teaching students how to exploit online resources D．maintaining students’ interest throughout the course 4．Both Salls and Barron believe that_______. A．good courses should combine advanced technology and online resources B．teachers play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of online classes C．students should be able to learn effectively through well-designed online classes D．online courses are more effective only when students are assigned challenging tasks 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要介绍Salls和Barron对在线课程的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第二段“When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary(孤立的) process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through pages of text and solving a whole bunch of problems.(当我们想象一个在线课程时，我们会想到一个孤立的学习过程，一个学生在他或者她的电脑面前，看PPT，翻阅屏幕文本，以及解决很多问题)”可知，Salls认为现在很多的在线课程都是学生被迫自己学习。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第三段“A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. (一个好的线上课程应该充分利用互动资源。)”和第四段“Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. (最终，这节课将引导学生用他们在互动中学到的经验作为出发点去解决方程问题。)”可知，Salls 认为在线课程应该充分利用互动资源，这样可以帮助学生把互动中学到的经验运用到实际的解决问题中去。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up. (当学生们被给予有挑战性的材料时、被要求进行研究并创造方法来与世界各地的学生分享他们所学的东西时，这样参与度就会提高。)”和第三段“Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online. (对学生学习的评价可以部分自动化，并设计为提供持续的反馈。当学生需要帮助时，他们可以被引导去参加有助于他们学习的活动。也许最重要的是，在线课程可以帮助弥补一个学区内课程供应的差距。许多经济困难的学校没有资源提供专业或高级课程，但这些课程网上可以提供。)”可知，在线课程可以给学生提供实时的反馈，教学生如何开发在线资源、通过课程来维持他们的参与度，即对课程的兴趣，以及弥补同一地区课程供中应的差异。选项A“narrowing the gap between rich and poor(缩小贫富之间的差距)”不符合以上说法。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第一段“It is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. (构建良好的网络课程来支持中、高学生的数学学习是可能的。)”和BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. (在线课程设计良好时，它们可以为学习者和教师提供良好的机会。)”可知，Salls和Barron 都认为设计良好的在线课程可以给学生和老师提供帮助。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡锡山高级中学·期末） In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky,a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries. Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown （树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space. Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole. When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals,and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when. Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships. 1．What is “crown shyness”? A．A crown with channel-like gaps. B．A forest with umbrella-shaped crowns. C．A behavior that trees give each other space. D．A phenomenon that trees compete for space. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 3? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By defining a concept. D．By making a comparison. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The effects of ignoring boundaries. B．The meaning of taking responsibilities. C．The importance of setting personal boundaries. D．The methods of managing individual resources. 4．What is the author’s attitude to marking out a boundary? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Conservative. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述人与人之间要建立界限。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“You might find that the crown(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.”(你可能会发现王冠就像一把令人窒息的伞，在树顶之间有沟壑状的缝隙。自20世纪20年代以来，这种现象在世界范围内都有记录，被称为“王冠性羞怯”。当树木互相给予空间时就会发生这种情况。)可知，“crown shyness”是树木在生长过程中的相互给与对方空间的行为。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.”(即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。“已婚”的树就是这样——一棵树与一棵抗病树缠结在一起，它就分享了它的朋友的优势。保持健康的边界有助于树木保持良好的健康，管理资源和保护整个森林。)可知，这一段通过用“已婚”的树做例子来证明即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals, and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.”(当人类不尊重界限时，个人的情感和物质资源，以及社区都会受到影响。在这个意义上，边界是一个概念上的边界。它有助于建立你的结束和其他人的开始。这意味着只对自己的情绪和行为负责，而不是别人的。你可以把你的边界想象成城堡周围的护城河，有一座吊桥可以升降。作为你城堡的守门人，你决定谁进来，什么时候进来。)可知，这一段主要陈述建立边界的重要性体现。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.”(当然，划清界限需要时间，有些人可能会对你做的任何改变感到不满。然而，在你和世界其他地方之间建立一条清晰的界线，对于建立自我价值和自我照顾是必不可少的，这些都是你在人际关系中处于最佳状态所必需的。)可知，作者对于人与人之间划清界限是支持的态度。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——健康饮食 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末） The first time I questioned the traditional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt. Researchers found that salt supplementation(补充) was unnecessary after exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice. Although sports nutritionists have recommended consuming more salt when we sweat hard in physical activity, the message that we should avoid salt at all other times remains strong. And salt is still considered deadly. So why have we been told that salt is so deadly? The advice has always sounded reasonable: Eat more salt, and your body keeps water to maintain a stable concentration of sodium (钠) in your blood. This is why salty food might make us thirsty: We drink more; we keep water. The result can be a temporary increase in blood pressure. The scientific question is whether this temporary phenomenon leads to permanent problems: If we eat too much salt for years, does it cause high blood pressure, and then kill us? It makes sense, but it’s only a hypothesis(假设), which hasn’t been proved but unfortunately accepted as a fact. In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ study reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit”was actually harmful. Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign(运动) tend to deal with this opposing evidence (证据) by implying that anyone raising it is a shill(同谋) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improve taste). When several government agencies held a hearing last November to discuss how to ensure Americans eat less salt, anti-salt supporters argued that the latest reports suggesting damage from lower-salt diets should simply be ignored. This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been held for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change. 1．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 refers to the belief that_________. A．people should take in salt after exercise B．salt intake was needless after physical activity C．salt pills were helpful during football practices D．a healthy diet does not necessarily include enough salt 2．What does the Italian researchers’ study show? A．Eating less salt can harm our health. B．Eating too much salt raises blood pressure. C．We should try to avoid salt on a daily basis. D．We should follow the recommended “safe upper limit”. 3．What do the eat-less-salt campaigners do with the opposing evidence? A．They treat it with some respect. B．They report it to the government agencies. C．They do scientific experiments to support it. D．They suggest that the food industry is behind it. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards the anti-salt campaign? A．Supportive. B．Unconcerned. C．Puzzled. D．Negative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。人们普遍认为摄入过多的盐会对身体造成伤害，并形成了反盐运动，认为盐是致命的。但作者对这样的运动持怀疑态度，认为少吃盐会恶化健康状况。 1．词句猜测题，根据第一段“Researchers claimed that salt supplementation (补充) was unnecessary after intense exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice.（研究人员声称，在剧烈运动后补充盐是不必要的，这个建议被健康记者传递下去。我回忆起高中在热天的足球训练。没有盐药片，我无法进行两小时的练习）”推知，划线部分“the traditional wisdom （传统智慧）”指的是“剧烈运动后补充盐是不必要的”，所以作者才会质疑这个传统智慧。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ study reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit”was actually harmful.（事实上，少吃盐会恶化健康。几十年前，意大利研究人员的临床试验报告称，减少盐的摄入会增加早死的风险，而将钠降低到政府建议的“安全上限”实际上是有害的）”可知，意大利研究人员的临床试验表明了少吃盐会对我们的健康构成威胁。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign tend to deal with this confusing evidence by implying that anyone raising it is a shill (同谋) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improve taste).（“少吃盐运动”的支持者们在面对这一相反的证据时，往往会暗示，任何提出这一建议的人都是食品行业的托儿（食品行业因为在加工食品中添加盐以改善味道而受到广泛批评））”可知，在面对相反的证据时，那些倡导少吃盐的人认为食品工业是幕后黑手，那些反对“少吃盐”的人都是食品行业的托，因为食品行业需要大量盐来改善味道。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The first time I questioned the conventional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt.（我第一次质疑关于健康饮食本质的大众观念是在40年前，当时的话题是盐）”和最后一段“This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been the norm for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change.（这种不尊重科学的态度已经成为反盐运动几十年来的准则。也许现在是时候改变了）”推知，作者对于反盐运动持否定态度。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江苏淮安·期末） Beauty has always been regarded as something that deserves praise. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier，have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive（主管）circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder，it is harmful to a woman. ① Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men；effort and ability were thought to account for their success. ② Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones；their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable（能力强的）than the attractive female executives. Interestingly，though，the rise of the unattractive overnight success was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight success. ③ An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine（女性化的）and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus，an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required. This is true even in politics（政治）, “When the only clue is how he or she looks，people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates（候选人）. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. Then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again，in the order they would vote for them. ④ The results showed that attractive males defeated unattractive men. but the women who had been ranked most attractive received the fewest votes. 1．The underline word “liability” in paragraph 1 most probably means A．trouble B．advantage C．misfortune D．opportunity 2．In traditionally female jobs，attractiveness ________ A．is beneficial B．is decisive C．ensures success D．reflects honesty 3．The sentence “why are attractive women not thought to be able?” should be put in _______. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．The author writes this passage to _______. A．demand equal rights in politics for females B．give advice on how to achieve success for men C．stress the importance of appearance for job-seekers D．discuss the disadvantages of attractiveness for women 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述女性“美貌”在工作中的劣势。美一直被认为是值得赞美的东西。几乎每个人都认为有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，拥有更好的婚姻，拥有更多体面的工作。个人顾问会给他们更好的求职建议。就连法官对有吸引力的被告也比较宽容。但在行政圈，美貌可能成为一种负担。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Beauty has always been regarded as something that deserves praise. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier，have better marriages and nave more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.”（美一直被认为是值得赞美的东西。几乎每个人都认为有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，拥有更好的婚姻，拥有更多体面的工作。个人顾问会给他们更好的求职建议。就连法官对有吸引力的被告也比较宽容。）再根据下一句中的But，可知该句与上文构成转折关系，上文只在说“美”带来的“好处”，所以该句应该在说“美”带来的“麻烦”，由此推知划线词的意思是“麻烦”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thus，an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs,”（因此，一个有魅力的女人在传统的女性工作中具有优势，）由此可知，在传统的女性工作中，吸引力是有益的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine（女性化的）and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus，an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the ‘manly’qualities required.”（一个有魅力的女人被认为更有女人味，而一个有魅力的男人被认为比那些不那么有魅力的男人更有男子气概。因此，一个有魅力的女人在传统的女性工作中具有优势，但一个有魅力的女人在传统的男性职位上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”品质。）由此可知“why are attractive women not thought to be able?”（ 为什么人们不认为漂亮女人能干?）放在第五段开头提出问题，最为合适。故选C。 4．文章大意。根据第一段“Beauty has always been regarded as something that deserves praise. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier，have better marriages and nave more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive（主管）circle, beauty can become a liability.”（美一直被认为是值得赞美的东西。几乎每个人都认为有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，拥有更好的婚姻，拥有更多体面的工作。个人顾问会给他们更好的求职建议。就连法官对有吸引力的被告也比较宽容。但在行政圈，美貌可能成为一种负担。）由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了讨论女性吸引力的缺点。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·江苏南京金陵中学·期末） Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt. What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined. So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. 5．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos? A．It ignored marketing strategies. B．It priced itself relatively high. C．It lacked a particularly good taste. D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 6．What can be inferred about meaning seekers? A．They frequent high-end stores. B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions. D．They make more purchases with money. 7．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By giving some examples. B．By listing numbers and data. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making some comparisons. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to Buy C．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Juntos是个失败者。)”和第二段“What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事?为了找出Juntos失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢?为了找出答案，劳伦斯·威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多的东西，故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展第四段，故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. (所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近视) and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger. Even today, doctors are reporting a rise in shortsightedness in children. The condition can be genetic (遗传的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long periods of time. Of course, children have had increased screen time due to lockdowns (封控) during the Covid pandemic — it’ s been the only way to receive education and communicate with others. But education generally could be the cause of the rise in shortsightedness. Neema Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, told BBC Future website, “Reading and spending more time indoors may be responsible for it. Every year of education increases the expected amount of shortsightedness.” The problem appears to be more serious in some Asian countries. Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. Therefore, it seems, spending more time outdoors could be good for children’ s eye health. The UK’ s College of Optometrists is suggesting parents should get their kids playing outside for two hours a day. Several scientific studies show this can prevent or stop the development of shortsightedness. There’s been a focus on using technology, such as laser (激光) surgery, for fixing shortsightedness, but for children at least, it seems a moment of daylight and a break from the screen might be part of the solution. Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious. 9．How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing an expert. 10．What is a modern-day factor in children’ s shortsightedness? A．Genetic reason. B．Unexpected lockdown. C．Extra physical education. D．Increased screen time. 11．Why are more children short-sighted in the countries with huge educational success? A．They spend more time staring at screens. B．They spend less time playing indoors. C．They spend more time studying indoors. D．They spend less time taking eye tests. 12．What do experts suggest children doing to protect their eyesight? A．Receiving surgical operation. B．Taking regular examination. C．Increasing indoor activities. D．Stay away from modern technologies. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就现代生活方式对儿童视力的影响，以及矫正儿童视力的解决方案展开讨论。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近视) and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.(你的视力怎么样？从我们重生的那一刻起，我们的眼睛长大了，我们的视力变得更加清晰，我们中的一些人会有正常的视力。然而，其他人会变成近视眼，最后戴上眼镜来帮助他们看清楚一切。一些专家表示，由于我们年轻时的生活方式，未来会有更多的人戴上它们。)”可推断，作者通过提问题的方式来引出主题。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The condition can be genetic (遗传的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long periods of time. (这种情况可能是遗传的，但也有一些现代因素造成的，尤其是儿童长时间盯着手机屏幕、电脑和游戏手柄。)”可知，儿童近视的现代因素是屏幕时间的增加。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. (一些专家说，在这些教育取得巨大成功的地方，孩子们花更多的时间在室内学习。)”可知，在教育取得巨大成功的国家，近视儿童越来越多，是因为他们花更多的时间在室内学习。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious. (专家还建议孩子们定期进行视力检查，在问题变得更严重之前找出问题镜片。)”可知，专家建议孩子们定期进行视力检查。故选B。 Passage 4 （23-24高一上·江苏镇江·期末） Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (证券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common. As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.” In a New York Times article, Wharton professor Adam Grant offers a simple prescription-stop giving advice. Wait, what? Doesn’t other people’s advice help improve our decisions? Of course they do, but as Grant points out, giving your advice isn’t the same as saying, “You should do this...” “When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises. “People seldom need to hear our conclusion. They benefit from hearing our thought process and our view on the criteria (标准) for the matter. The most useful advice doesn’t tell us what to do clearly and exactly; it helps people see blind spots in their thinking.” You may want to offer an example from your own life to explain your way of thinking, Grant continues, but “make sure to explain that it mayor may not be suitable for them.” Each of us has our own unique set of talents, fears, values and limits. When someone comes to you for advice, it’s near impossible to get a full picture of theirs. That means it's near impossible to tell them what they should do. Therefore, advice should not mean “telling people what to do.” Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (变量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles. Showing someone how to think through a problem for themselves beats telling them the right answer almost every time. 13．Why does the author mention the stories of Buffett and Oprah? A．To introduce a topic. B．To explain a rule. C．To give a reason. D．To make a comparison. 14．Why do experts sometimes give bad advice according to Paul Graham? A．They don’t live in a normal way. B．They hesitate to make early decisions. C．They have forgotten their earlier experience. D．They base their advice on previous knowledge. 15．What does the underlined word “prescription” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．System. B．Suggestion. C．Argument. D．Effect. 16．What does the author suggest on giving others good advice? A．Offering them guidance on how to develop their talents. B．Finding a good chance to tell them what they should do. C．Reminding them of the importance of making right decisions directly. D．Helping them develop a more complete way to consider their choices. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了专家给出坏建议很常见。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (证券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common.(沃伦·巴菲特的父亲告诉他不要进入证券行业。有人警告奥普拉，搬到芝加哥会毁了她的事业。这些名人被告知不要做后来让他们获得巨大成功的事情的故事很有趣，但它们也表明了一个更重要的问题。坏建议很常见。)”可知，作者提到巴菲特和奥普拉的故事是为了引出坏建议很常见这个话题。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.”(正如投资人保罗·格雷厄姆所说:“当专家们犯错时，往往是因为他们是对世界早期版本的专家。”)”可知，根据Paul Graham的看法，专家有时候给出坏的建议是因为他们把自己的建议建立在先前的知识基础上。故选D。 15．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises.( “当人们向我们寻求建议时，我们可以阻止自己立即给他们建议，”他建议道。)”可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是：在《纽约时报》的一篇文章中，沃顿商学院教授亚当·格兰特(Adam Grant)给出了一个简单的建议——不要再提建议。Prescription意为“建议”。故选B。 16．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (交量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles.( 相反，要提供一个做决定的框架。这样，寻求建议的人就可以把他们自己的变量放入你的系统中，看看它会给出什么答案。这也为他们提供了一个发展自己决策能力的机会。)”可知，关于提供建议作者建议帮助人们发展一种更完整的方式来考虑他们的选择。故选D。 Passage 5 （23-24高一上·江苏无锡·期末） “PLEASE DON’T KILL HIM” said Mrs. Reid with tears in her eyes. “I’m really sorry,” I said, hardly able to look at her. A nurse held her hand and tried to comfort her. “He’s been my entire world for 14 years, I don’t know what I’ll do without him,” she said with tears in her eyes. She wasn’t talking about a person. She was talking about Toby, her King Charles spaniel. Mrs. Reid had come into hospital after she’d fallen. She had Parkinson’s disease, meaning her ability to move was worsening. It was the second time she’d fallen in just a few weeks, and this time she’d broken her hip. While the hip had now been fixed, it was clear that she was too frail (脆弱的) to go home, and the social workers had arranged for her to go into a care home. A neighbor had been looking after Toby, but with Mrs. Reid no longer going home and as she had no family who could take him, it looked likely that he’d have to be killed. She was begging me to allow her home, but it was simply too dangerous. This situation is far from unique. Research has found that each year thousands of dogs are put down because their owners go into care homes. Over 100,000 have to be rehomed. Thankfully I spoke to a kindly social worker who eventually found a care home for Mrs. Reid that would allow her to take Toby with her. But these places are few. I think we need to seriously re-examine what’s happening here. It seems completely wrong. There is no doubt that we are a nation of animal lovers. Many of us consider our pets to be part of the family and there’s a fair few of us, I guess, that actually prefer our pets to a good number of people. Humans have a great ability to draw comfort and support from animals. For older people like Mrs. Reid, they are often the important source of companionship (陪伴) and about a quarter of old people have a pet. Yet when they come into hospital or a care home, they are denied this relationship. While the US, France, Norway and Switzerland all have laws forcing housing providers to accept pets belonging to elderly people, studies have shown that around 70 per cent of care homes in the UK forbid elderly people from bringing pets. This figure has risen in recent years and is likely to be due to increasing concerns around “health and safety”. However, research has concluded that they are “necessary to elderly people’s quality of life” and that having to move to care homes without their pets was psychologically similar to losing their family. It seems outrageous (可耻的) that care homes—whose purpose is to ensure the elderly people’s welfare (福利)—are able to deny them something which has proven clinical benefits for their health. 17．Who is Toby according to the passage? A．Mrs. Reid’s friend. B．Mrs. Reid’s son. C．Mrs. Reid’s dog. D．Mrs. Reid’s cat. 18．What happened to Toby finally according to the author? A．Toby was killed by the government. B．Toby was taken back home by Mrs. Reid’s neighbor. C．Toby was sent away to somewhere far from Mrs. Reid. D．Toby was still staying with Mrs. Reid thanks to the author. 19．What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 3? A．The relationship can last forever. B．They are provided with the relationship. C．The relationship is taken away from them. D．They are ensured of the relationship. 20．What’s the author’s attitude to the UK’s forbidding people from bringing pets to care homes? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．C 20．A 【分析】本文为一篇议论文，作者以自己亲身经历Mrs. Reid和她的宠物的故事引发思考，谈及了养老院禁止老人养宠物的问题。作者认为，养老院的宗旨是确保老年人的福利，如果拒绝一些已被证明对老年人健康有临床益处的东西，这是不能容忍的。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“She wasn’t talking about a person. She was talking about Toby, her King Charles spaniel.”（她说的不是一个人。她说的是托比，她的查尔斯国王猎犬。）可知，文章中的Toby是一只狗。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“Thankfully I spoke to a kindly social worker who eventually found a care home for Mrs. Reid that would allow her to take Toby with her.”（谢天谢地，我和一位善良的社工谈了谈，他最终为里德太太找到了一家养老院，允许她带托比一起去。）可知，在作者的帮助下，托比还能和里德太太住在一起。故选D项。 19．句意猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句“For older people like Mrs. Reid, they are often the important source of companionship and about a quarter of old people have a pet. Yet when they come into hospital or a care home”（对于像里德太太这样的老年人来说，宠物通常是他们重要的伴侣，大约有四分之一的老年人有宠物。然而，当他们进入医院或养老院时）结合表示转折意义的“yet”可以推测，对于很多老年人来说，宠物是他们的重要伴侣，但是，当他们进入医院或者养老院时，他们和宠物的这种关系将会被夺走。“The relationship is taken away from them.”与“they are denied this relationship.”意思相近。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“studies have shown that around 70 per cent of care homes in the UK forbid elderly people from bringing pets.”（研究表明，英国大约70%的养老院禁止老年人携带宠物。）及“However, research has concluded that they are “necessary to elderly people’s quality of life” and that having to move to care homes without their pets was psychologically similar to losing their family.It seems outrageous that care homes—whose purpose is to ensure the elderly people’s welfare—are able to deny them something which has proven clinical benefits for their health.”（然而，研究得出的结论是，它们“对老年人的生活质量是必要的”，不得不搬到没有宠物的养老院在心理上与失去家人类似。养老院的宗旨是确保老年人的福利，但却拒绝一些已被证明对老年人健康有临床益处的东西，这似乎令人无法容忍。）可知，作者对于英国禁止老人将宠物带进养老院持反对态度。故选A项。 主题04 人与社会——医疗 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期末） Have you ever got frightened for being seriously ill but some doctors’ caring words cured you right away? Or have you ever felt moved deeply when doctors listened to you patiently? If so, then you’re not alone. My mum, for example, recently started losing her sight, which made her worried. She went for an urgent date with an eye doctor at the local hospital. When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied, “Oh, it was wonderful. They were so lovely and kind. ”Could she now see? No. Had they been able to treat it? No. In fact, she had to wait for an hour to see the nurse, and three hours to see the doctor. Although they’d ruled out emergency causes for her sight loss, they hadn’t known the root of the problem. She was now at home, still unable to see properly and not knowing if she would go blind permanently. But that didn’t matter. What mattered to her was that a nurse met her at the door and helped her to her seat. Another nurse offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The doctor touched her knee and listened to her as she explained what had happened, asking about how the loss of sight had affected her life. He understood what worried my mum was that as an avid(热衷的) reader, she wouldn’t be able to read a book again. Touched by the doctors and nurses’ kind actions, she felt she had received good care. Patients don’t evaluate the actual medicine that is used; it’s the communication skills of the doctor that determine how they evaluate the care. Maybe the key to improving healthcare is better listening. 1．Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1? A．To praise the doctors. B．To attract readers’ interest. C．To show a common sight. D．To provide background information. 2．How did the mother feel after seeing the doctor? A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Satisfied. D．Confident. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The mother is able to read again. B．The mother has lost sight forever. C．The root of the problem has already been found. D．Better listening is good for improving healthcare. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the medical workers’ behaviour? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过母亲治疗眼睛就医的经历，阐述改善医疗保健的关键是更好的倾听。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Have you ever got frightened for being seriously ill but some doctors’ caring words cured you right away? Or have you ever felt moved deeply when doctors listened to you patiently?(您是否曾经因为身患重病而感到害怕，但一些医生的关怀话语立即治愈了您？或者当医生耐心地听你说话时，你有没有感到深深的感动？)”可知，此处讲述的是就医的相关话题，结合下文中作者列举的母亲就医的经历可以推断，第一段中的两个问题是引出本文的话题，用提问的方式引起读者的注意。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied, “Oh, it was wonderful. They were so lovely and kind.”(那天晚上我打电话给她看看情况如何时，她回答说：“哦，这太棒了。他们非常可爱和善良。)”可知，作者询问母亲的就医情况是，母亲在夸奖医生们，说明母亲这次就医感到满意。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Maybe the key to improving healthcare is better listening.(也许改善医疗保健的关键是更好地倾听。)”可知，作者认为，改善医疗保健的关键是更好的倾听。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What mattered to her was that a nurse met her at the door and helped her to her seat. Another nurse offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The doctor touched her knee and listened to her as she explained what had happened, asking about how the loss of sight had affected her life.(对她来说重要的是，一位护士在门口迎接她，并扶她坐下。午餐到来时，另一位护士主动给我妈妈买了一个三明治。医生摸了摸她的膝盖，听她解释发生了什么事，询问失明如何影响她的生活。)”可知，作者的母亲就医时，护士无微不至地照顾，搀扶，送餐，医生倾听母亲的情况，由此可以推断，作者对医护人员很是赞成。故选C项。 主题05 人与自我——情绪 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·江苏徐州·期末） Feelings are the emotional and physical responses to what we think about and how we react to daily events. Feelings are natural — we can’t stop them from happening. Because we are all different, we respond to feelings in various ways, sometimes positively and sometimes negatively. But if we are aware of our feelings, we can learn to respect ourselves and others. There are many misunderstandings about feelings. For example, “ Feelings, that womanish stuff. ” Recognizing that feelings are real and natural for everyone is important. Some of us may never agree that feelings are a part of living. It may be difficult for some of us to talk about our feelings. Learning about personal feelings is important in building self-awareness and relationships with others. Most mentally healthy individuals learn to accept feelings, both good and bad. “Feelings don’t exist, or they are dangerous. So no one should talk about them. ” Refusing to admit feelings can damage relationships. It can also build up emotions to the point when negative behaviors break out, for example, when an angry person hits the table. Not being able to talk to those we respect about our feelings may cause an emotional ‘shut down’ . Talking about personal feelings with your family may help. But if it doesn’t, you may need to talk about your feelings with someone else. Instead of denying feelings, it is healthier to talk about them. One of the most important things you can do to create respect in a family is never to deny someone’s feelings. Try to spend time each day, perhaps at the dinner table or in a private chat, talking about feelings. Teach your children by example, like “ I feel afraid that you will be sleepy tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon. ” Learn to be a good listener and show understanding. 1．What is the feature of feelings? A．They are negative. B．They happen naturally. C．They are dangerous. D．They exist in women. 2．Why does the author mention “ an angry person hits the table ” in Paragraph 3? A．To tell a story. B．To explain an idea. C．To show a fact. D．To give a definition. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward talking about feelings? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Ways of sharing feelings in a family. B．Effects of denying someone’s feelings. C．Reasons for having respect in a family. D．Importance of teaching kids about feelings. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了感情是我们对日常事物的思考和反应所产生的情感和生理反应，我们应该学会谈论和分享感情。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Feelings are natural—we can 't stop them from happening.(感情是自然的，我们无法阻止它的发生)”可知，感情自然发生。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Refusing to admit feelings can damage relationships. It can also build up emotions to the point when negative behaviors break out, for example, when an angry person hits the table.(拒绝承认自己的感受会破坏人际关系。拒绝承认自己的感受也可以积累情绪到消极行为爆发，例如，当一个人感到愤怒，会打桌子)”可知，作者用“一个愤怒的人打桌子”来举例说明前面提到的观点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Refusing to admit feelings can damage relationships.(拒绝承认自己的感受会破坏人际关系)”以及“Not being able to talk to those we respect about our feelings may cause an emotional ‘shut down’(不能和我们尊重的人谈论我们的感受可能会导致情感的关闭)”可知，作者对谈论感情的态度是积极的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of denying(否认) feelings, it is healthier to talk about them.One of the most important things you can do to create respect in a family is never to deny someone's feelings. Try to spend time each day, perhaps at the dinner table or in a private chat, talking about feelings.(与其否认自己的感受，更健康的做法是谈论它们。为了在家庭中赢得尊重，你能做的最重要的事情之一就是永远不要否认别人的感受。试着每天花点时间，也许是在餐桌上，或者是在私人聊天中，谈谈自己的感受)”可知，最后一段主要是关于在家庭中分享感受的方法。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $