专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，江苏专用）高三英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——小说 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·期末） Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures, free of spoiler (剧透). The Great Gatsby by E. Scott Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 1．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 2．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from Jay Gatsby’s perspective. D．The unreliable narrator prevents readers grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 3．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 4．What message does the author want to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant. B．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. C．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. D．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了《福尔摩斯》和《了不起的盖茨比》通过配角视角，能深入探索人性或时代的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle部分第四段“First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. (首先，福尔摩斯很古怪，倾向于关注小细节。从他的角度讲一个短篇故事，那这个故事绝不会短。华生医生把福尔摩斯的古怪之处转化成让读者不那么疲惫的内容)”可知，如果从福尔摩斯而不是华生医生的角度来写《福尔摩斯探案集》，这本书会让人难以理解且篇幅很长。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据The Great Gatsby by E. Scott Fitzgerald部分第三段“Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events.(尼克是一个不可靠的叙述者，在故事中的许多主要事件中都出现了。然而，正如上面引用的暗示，他认为自己是一个观察者，而不是这些事件的驱动者)”以及最后一段“This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do.(这使得我们能够从一个人那里获得对局势的外部视角 —— 这个人承认自己并不完全融入他所参与的世界，但同时仍是那些真正融入其中的人的亲密伙伴)”可知，Nick Garraway在故事中的很多主要事件中都出现了，他不仅仅是观察者，同时也是故事事件的驱动者。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle部分第三段“As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. (作为一名侦探，福尔摩斯经常在解开谜团中起主导作用，但故事是从福尔摩斯忠诚的朋友和伙伴约翰·H·华生医生的角度讲述的)”以及The Great Gatsby by E. Scott Fitzgerald部分第二段“The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway (故事是从Nick Carraway的角度讲述的)”可知，引用《福尔摩斯探案集》和《了不起的盖茨比》中的话是为了表明次要角色作为叙述者的作用。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. (一些著名小说表明，与那些忙于推动故事发展的人相比，作为次要角色能让我们接触到更深刻的真理，对人类状况有更丰富的理解)”以及后文对《福尔摩斯探案集》和《了不起的盖茨比》的分析可知，作者想通过这两本书传达的信息是，通过配角的旁观视角可深入探讨时代背景与人性本质。故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末） Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improve flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 5．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 6．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 7．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)?(武术应该成为学校课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).(但一项新的研究表明，第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏·期末） When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions. C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 4．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了追求完美可能成为生活中幸福的重大阻碍，强调接受不完美的重要性，鼓励人们学会欣赏不完美之处，拥抱一种不完美主义的生活态度。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time.(在计划我的婚礼时，我决定不要陷入“完美的一天”，而是要有一个轻松，非正式的庆祝活动。我丈夫和我度过了一段美好的时光。)”可知，作者通过讲述自己筹备婚礼时摒弃追求完美、选择轻松庆祝的个人经历来引出文章关于追求完美的话题，所以作者是通过描述个人经历来引入话题的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves.(他说完美是有害的。立刻满足每一个需求，在孩子一要玩具的时候就马上把玩具递过去，这会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺了他们感到沮丧以及学会自己爬过去拿玩具的机会)”可知，从“足够好的母亲”的例子中可以推断出，母亲立刻回应婴儿的需求（即追求完美回应）会影响婴儿的成长，让他们失去自我探索和成长的机会。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章第五段结尾的两个问题“How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them?(如果你期望每个人都能满足你狭隘的期望，你怎么能成为一个好的伴侣呢？如果你的孩子觉得他们总是需要在你为他们画的线条内精确地涂上颜色，他们怎么能成长呢？)”是在前面讲述了自己作为完美主义者认识到自己对不完美的不容忍以及这种态度对人际关系和育儿的影响之后提出的。这两个问题是为了让读者思考，如果总是期望别人符合自己狭隘的期望，就无法成为好伴侣，孩子也无法真正成长，鼓励读者进行思考。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们需要做的不仅仅是容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏他们的人性和美。不完美是人们愿意花钱请书法家手写邀请函的原因，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样的脚本的完美版本。因此，为了更美好的生活，最终更好的生活，我选择了不完美主义)”可推知，作者会同意的是“差不多就行（了）”，认为达到一定程度、接近预期标准就可以接受，不完美也行。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·期末） Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 5．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 6．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 7．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 8．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了生活中除了追求幸福，还有其他东西。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. (想象一下，科学家发明了一种机器，可以连接到你的大脑，这样它就可以给你任何你想要的愉快体验。这些科学家已经设计好了，这样你就无法区分你自己的愉悦感觉和那些来自机器的愉悦感觉，让你没有意识到你实际上是漂浮在一个装有电极的水箱里。)”可知，本段提到的机器的功能是创造想要的快乐。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. (这个思想实验旨在表明，除了纯粹的快乐之外，还有其他东西赋予我们生活的意义。作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮。)”和第四段中“Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. (米开朗基罗在画西斯廷教堂时开心吗？没有人真正知道，但他可能有时很沮丧并生气，也很无聊、孤独和疲惫。他可能因为长时间抬头画画而脖子疼。但他这么做并不是为了感到快乐。这给了他强烈的目标感、意义感和成就感。当然，这就是驱动我们前进的核心动力。)”可知，作者先说明作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮，然后提到米开朗基罗和他的创作，是为了显示情感对比的重要性。故选D项。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in (一位精神病学教授说，幸福往往是在……中体验到的)”和后句“we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness (我们回顾生活中的一段时间、一件事或一个时刻，并带着幸福回忆起来。)”可知幸福是从回顾中体验到的，从而推知划线部分retrospect意思是“回顾”。故选A项。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. (你幸福吗？我真正想到的是，生活不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可知，作者想在文章中表达的是生活不仅仅是幸福。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期末） The new radio programme from Self-help expert Glennon Doyle unexpectedly disturbed me. In a session of We Can Do Hard Things, she focuses on boundaries and their importance to our mental happiness. I heartily agree with her, because saying a polite but firm “no” is one of the basics for a happy life. I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them. When does a boundary become a cage that locks us away? Isn’t it always the case that just as you think you’ve got an area of life nailed; somebody comes along to show you that that’s not the case? As I listened, I started to see boundaries that might cause more problems than they were solving. There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn’t take it-which meant that I turned down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding. There was the boundary that said I wasn’t to buy anything until I’d reached my savings goal-which resulted in me having to restart my laptop 20 times a day. And then there was a boundary around relationships that set out exactly how I should be treated and what I wanted in them. Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted. Had I been doing boundaries wrong all the time? Did I need to figure them all out again? I’ve spent the past few weeks looking at the boundaries I’ve secretly put in place, and I’ve let myself lower some that have been my protection over the years. Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine. In fact, being back at the beginning is a blessing because it means there are still lessons to be learned and adventures to be had and that is something for which I can only be grateful. 9．What has really interested the author in Glennon Doyle’s programme? A．The importance of confirming our boundaries. B．The benefits of boundaries to our happiness. C．The urgency of maintaining our boundaries. D．The necessity of reassessing our boundaries. 10．Which statement on boundaries will the author agree with? A．We should favour savings goals over boundaries. B．Boundaries tend to keep us from potential friends C．Boundaries are very likely to relieve boredom at work. D．We should stick to boundaries despite inconvenience. 11．How did the author feel about boundaries after the? A．Relaxed. B．Depressed. C．Pressured. D．Amused. 12．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．Just when you think you’ve got things sorted. B．Just where you believe there’s no way out C．How can we live a life without boundaries? D．How do we become victims of boundaries? 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要围绕人不能只做自己喜欢的习惯的事情，我们要突破局限，找到新的自我。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.(然而，我感兴趣是当她提出那个观点的时候，她说也许，当我们学习确认我们的界限的时候，我们也需要延展它们)”可知，作者对GlennonDoyle的节目感兴趣的地方是要重新评估我们的界限。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.(这在一定程度上是有帮助的，它阻止了我让别人向我表达他们的爱，即使这不是我所预料的。)”可知在作者看来，设置界限会阻止我们交到可能的朋友。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine.(然后我得出结论，当涉及到界限的时候，我又变成了一个初学者，这很好。)”可知，在调整了之后，作者觉得很放松。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.(然而，当她提出这样一个想法时，我很感兴趣:也许，除了学习何时确定我们的界限之外，我们还需要拓展它们。)”可知，作者是想通过一个节目引出话题：我们不能局限在一定的界限之内，我们要突破局限找到新的自我。A选项“就在你以为一切都搞定的时候”，让读者反思，是否要按照界定好的去做，是否要突破，符合文章意思，可作为最好的题目，故选A。 主题03 人与自我——语言与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏无锡江阴·期末） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“口音和方言”这一主题，阐述对口音和方言的狭隘观念需要被超越，并强调语言差异对于了解人们文化经历和背景的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”可知，作者认为朋友们的回答并没有理解他提到的“口音”的真正含义，即口音是每个人都有的，而不是只有非标准语言使用者才有。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?(每个人也都说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言变体，以其结构、短语和词汇的变化为特征。例如，“You got eat or not？”（意思是“你吃饭了吗？”）在新加坡英语口语中是一个可接受且能被理解的问题。这个表达会让标准美式英语的说话者感到困惑，但这并不意味着新加坡英语口语是“错误的”或“不符合语法的”。根据新加坡英语母语者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构完整，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就说是错误的呢？)”可知，作者举了新加坡英语口语的例子是为了证明方言使用的合理性，因为方言只是语言的一种变体，有其独特的结构和表达方式，不能仅因为其不同于标准语言就认为是错误的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念——这对每个人都有好处。这样的语言差异提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。在全球化的时代，一个人的说话方式是其身份的独特组成部分。大多数人都很乐意谈论自己言语背后的文化。我们将更多地了解我们所生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友”。)”可知，作者建议我们要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念，欣赏口音和方言的价值，因为它们提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”引出本文主题，即每个人都有口音，文章接着详细论述了口音和方言的多样性、存在的合理性以及欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选D。 主题04 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏南京·期末） For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation. Unlike X86 and ARM, which are owned by certain enterprises, RISC-V is an open one, allowing anybody to download its instructions handbook and use it. Maybe that is why some US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V. Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology. Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. Being a US company. RISC-V has a global membership, with a number of Chinese and US enterprises as members. It has for long been known as an open-minded institution promoting technological cooperation despite the political tensions, and the US lawmakers targeting it seem to be closing one of the last channels of technology communication between China and their nation. By doing so they are harming the United States’ own interests and its technological leadership in the world. Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard. The US lawmakers might next target GitHub, or, some day, even forbid programmers from accessing the Internet. That will only lead to the US losing its technological edge, never to get it back again. 1．What is RISC-V according to the passage? A．A website for programmers. B．A computer design standard. C．An open-source platform. D．A US chips company. 2．The first paragraph serves as a (n) ________. A．argument B．background C．proof D．connection 3．What does the author mainly emphasize about US targeting RISC-V? A．Fairness. B．Interests. C．Cooperation. D．Openness. 4．Which can be inferred from the passage? A．RISC-V enables processor innovation through open cooperation. B．US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V for the technology safety concern. C．The example of Android demonstrates the benefits of technological openness. D．GitHub and the Internet are the next target US will focus on to safeguard its leadership. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇议论文，讨论美国意图关闭RISC-V这一开放平台来遏制中国芯片发展的行为影响了科研的开放性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. (对于所有程序员和处理器行业的参与者来说，RISC-V网站几乎是一个必须访问的开放标准。)”；第二段“Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology. (据报道，共和党参议员马可·卢比奥和民主党参议员马克·华纳一直在敦促美国总统乔·拜登对RISC-V采取行动，因为他们担心中国公司可能会利用开源平台来改进他们的芯片技术。)”及第三段“Maybe the legislators do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. (也许立法者没有意识到，通过针对RISC-V，他们针对的不仅仅是一家公司或一个平台，而是开放的理念本身。)”可知，RISC-V不仅是美国的公司，还是开放的指令构建平台，它不仅限于一个网站和指令标准，也不是芯片公司，因此，它是一个开源平台。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation. (对于所有程序员和处理器行业的参与者来说，RISC-V网站几乎是一个必须访问的开放标准。指令集架构，它被定义为从程序员的角度设计计算机，通过开放合作实现处理器创新的新时代。)”可知，第一段介绍了RISC-V网站对程序员的研究的重要性，为了引入全文的背景知识。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. (也许立法者没有意识到，通过针对RISC-V，他们针对的不仅仅是一家公司或一个平台，而是开放的理念本身。)”讲美国针对RISC-V其实是针对开放性本身；第四段第二句“Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. (开源是一种很好的计算工具，对那些共享程序的人以及从中学习的人都有好处。)”说明科技开放性会惠及自身和其他人。由此可知，对于美国针对RISC-V，作者重点强调开放性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard. (开源是一种很好的计算工具，对那些共享程序的人以及从中学习的人都有好处。例如，安卓智能手机系统的发展很大程度上是因为谷歌决定将其作为一个开源系统，吸引了全球智能手机企业采用其标准。)”可知，科技开放性对分享者和学习者都有好处，作者利用安卓系统的例子证明了这一点。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末） The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more. Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there. This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution. Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place. Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way. Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises. 5．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem? A．As the main topic. B．As the model. C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast. 6．What can we know about Alexa and Siri? A．They are both Apple’s search products. B．They help consumers make their own choices. C．They have bettered the user experience greatly. D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind. 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution? A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 8．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____. A．abandon using artificial intelligence B．abandon using products from tech giants C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文的是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在用户界面设计中的应用所带来的问题，包括使用困难、选择受限以及科技公司对用户决策的控制等。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence.(像许多公司一样，苹果公司已经决定，如果可以使用人工智能，就没有必要开发一款易于使用的产品)”可知，作者使用Apple作为众多公司中的一个代表，来说明即使是知名公司如Apple在使用人工智能时也忽视了易用性的问题，所以是作为一个例子。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” (Alexa和Siri已经成为有意计算的替代品。他们很容易将命令输入语音界面，但牺牲了“我们能做什么”，而变成了“亚马逊或苹果允许我们做什么”)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。当用户在Siri或Alexa中搜索某样东西时，苹果和亚马逊控制着搜索结果。谷歌已经根据你的位置提供了截然不同的搜索结果，并多次重新设计搜索本身，以欺骗用户点击在某种程度上有利于谷歌的链接)”可知，Alexa和Siri等智能助手虽然提供了便捷的语音交互方式，但限制了用户的选择，使得用户只能做Amazon或Apple允许的事情。这实际上是在为这些科技巨头控制用户决策、进而获取更多利益服务。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices.(这种人工智能的“创新”并不是创造新东西，而只是公司在几十年混乱的设计选择之后向你出售基本的可用性)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。)”可知，作者认为科技巨头的人工智能解决方案不是创造新东西且剥夺了用户的选择，所以是不赞成的。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.(令人沮丧的是，我们的未来将成为一个我们必须在向人工智能寻求帮助或在越来越多的设计糟糕的菜单中挣扎之间做出选择的地方，希望我们能够帮助自己。作为消费者，我们应该向那些将我们的数字生活变成万亿级企业的公司提出更多要求)”可知，这里作者呼吁读者认识到当前基于AI的用户界面设计存在的问题，以及这些问题如何影响用户的选择和决策。所以是为了让读者认识到基于人工智能的解决方案的本质。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城射阳·期末） Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum. The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. 9．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________. A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited 10．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing? A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field. C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies. 11．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 12．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。 37．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。 39．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。 40．主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。 主题05 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末） “Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 1．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 2．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The creating process. B．The final work. C．Personal feelings. D．External forms. 3．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为人工智能图像生成虽然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中从几个方面进行了阐述。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction.(在我的图像中，这个女人的脸有着非常奇怪的特征，还似乎拿着多本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时会有一种最初的兴奋感，但却没有创造性的满足感。)”可知，作者认为他的形象创作并不令人满意。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第四句和第五句“Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece.(从根本上说，艺术就是把你内心的感受转化成外在的东西。无论采用何种形式，真正的艺术都是关于创造过程而不是最终作品。)”可知，儿童插画家对艺术最看重的是创作的过程。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句到第四句“To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work.(为了根据提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下，故意模仿其他艺术家的风格。有一种观点认为，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影响方面与人类没有什么不同。)”和最后两句“However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy.(然而，人类艺术家也在混合中添加情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要是讲在人类和AI艺术创作中使用的不同手段。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists.(越来越多地使用人工智能也将导致艺术家的作品贬值。)”可知，“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”最能总结最后一段。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末） AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza. As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. 1．What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Lasting. C．Declining. D．Challenging. 2．What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to? A．Using AI tools to do the translation. B．Doing the work that gives you satisfaction. C．Making effort to learn a new language. D．Studying a language aided by technology. 3．Which of the following will the “Others” in paragraph 4 agree with? A．People should stretch their minds in life. B．AI translation tools offer a good service. C．Extreme endurance sports are worth trying. D．Language learning builds deep connection. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Language learning benefits learners alone. B．Language learning is of value to human health. C．We should reflect on language learning methods. D．We should adopt a new angle on language learning. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了在人工智能可以降低学习外语的必要性这一议题上，一部分人充满担心，认为这会让一些重要的东西消失，有些人则因为没有对语言的需求而不那么担心。人工智能翻译的普及同时也会将人分化成两部分，一部分人会挑战自己继续学习语言，另一部分人则会选择不再学习。文章指出不应该仅从学习者的角度看待语言学习，其本身的内在价值更值得关注。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的上文“Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. (长期以来，旅行一直是学习的动力——除非人们开始觉得人工智能工具提供了足够好的服务)”可知，此处介绍人工智能工具对人们学习语言的动力的负面影响。由此推知，划线词所在句表示“一些人会担心应用程序正在把语言学习变成一种越来越少的追求”，dwindling意思应该是“越来越少的”，与declining意思一致。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? (作家Douglas Hofstadter认为，当人们通过机器交谈时，一些重要的东西将会消失。他描述了用普通话做一次犹豫的、困难的演讲，需要做很多工作，但最后会有一种成就感。谁会炫耀自己坐飞机登上了珠穆朗玛峰呢？)”可知，Douglas Hofstadter的描述突出了学习语言伴随着的挑战自我、战胜自我的成就感，但是人们通过机器交谈的话，就无法体会这种感觉。由此可知，“坐飞机登上了珠穆朗玛峰”就好比“使用人工智能工具进行翻译”，前者缺失的是参与登山带来的成就感，后者缺失的是参与语言学习带来的成就感。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” (其他人会带着钦佩和困惑看待学习一门新语言，就像他们看待极限耐力运动一样：‘如果你喜欢的话，对你来说很好，但对我来说有点痛苦。’)”可知，这一类人会认为学习一门新语言令人钦佩，但是不适合自己，没有必要尝试。由此可知，他们会同意“人工智能翻译工具提供了很好的服务”的观点。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. (但是，仅仅关注学习者就忽略了语言的基本社会性质。这有点像分析亲密关系对心脏健康的好处，但忽视了这些关系本身的内在价值。当你试图用蹩脚的日语问路或用犹豫的德语讲笑话时，你是在与某人直接接触。当你的语言说得足够好，可以用完美的时机讲述一个故事，或者在一个论点上添加微妙的细微差别，这种联系就会更深。)”可知，我们不能仅关注学习者，语言本身的内在价值更值得关注，学习语言会加深我们与他人之间的联系。由此可知，我们应该从新的角度看待语言学习。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州昆山·期末） The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans. When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.” In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in. The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day. The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research. 1．What contributes to the spread of “fake news”? A．People factor. B．Human culture. C．Modern invention. D．Information accuracy. 2．Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive? A．They prefer making sensible analyses. B．They ae more likely to be emotional. C．They have more trust in authority. D．They overestimate themselves. 3．How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By citing experts’ words. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To reveal secrets. B．To share emotions. C．To criticize a decision. D．To describe a phenomenon. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了假新闻社会现象背后的原因主要是人的传播，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.(这是因为错误信息起源于人类同胞，并由人类同胞传播)”可知，人的因素促成了“假新闻”的传播。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in.(在一个完全理性、合乎逻辑的世界里，与某个领域或行业联系不紧密的人，不会像实际数据或该领域的顶尖专家那样具有同样的影响力。但人类并不是完全明智、合乎逻辑的生物，我们生活的世界也不是)”可知，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day.(理性思考和分析的能力是相对较新的心智能力（在进化的意义上）。我们大脑中形成记忆和学习的更成熟、更基本的系统严重依赖于情感。越是能激发情感的东西，就越容易被记住。这就是为什么我们可以花几个月的时间复习一场重要的学校考试的材料，但一旦我们通过了，就很难记住任何内容。与此同时，我们尴尬地滑倒在学校食堂里。这种记忆将持续到我们死去的那一天)”可推知，作者在第4段通过举例阐述他的观点。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.(最近“假新闻”的传播可能会让人觉得错误信息是一种相对现代的发明。但是，只要人类文化存在，谎言和疯狂的主张就已经成为人类文化的一部分。这是因为错误信息起源于人类同胞，并由人类同胞传播)”可知，文章主要说明了假新闻社会现象背后的原因主要是人的传播，普通观众认为实际数据不那么有说服力因为他们更容易情绪化。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是描述一种现象。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏·期末） During my youth in America’s Appalachian mountains, I learned that farmers preferred sons over daughters, largely because boys were better at heavy farm labour. With only 3% of Americans in agriculture today, brain has replaced brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habits, are easier to make than break. But history warns repeatedly of the tragic cost of dismissing too casually the gifts of the so-called weaker sex. About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes depended entirely on the sole male heir (继承人), Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. Branwell’s father and sisters saved their pennies to pack him off to London’s Royal Academy of Arts, but within weeks he returned home, a penniless failure. Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. For years the selfless sisters squelched (制止) their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failures multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male — but what of her three selfless sisters? During Branwell’s last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense. Even Branwell might have snickered (窃笑): they sold only 2 copies. However, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition — in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th-century literature was transformed by Anne’s Agnes Grey, Emily’s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte’s Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Branwell had caused great suffering. Emily was taken ill at her brother’s funeral and died within 3 months, aged 29; Anne died 5 months later, aged 30; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed. No one remembers Branwell’s name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters’ tragically short lives teach us even more of life than of literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, courage—spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. 5．What does the underlined word “brawn” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Human intelligence. B．Tiring labour. C．Physical strength. D．Personal preference. 6．Why did the father only pay attention to Branwell’s education? A．Because Branwell was the only son of the family. B．Because Branwell had a gift for literature and art. C．Because his daughters were not as talented. D．Because his daughters were self-disciplined. 7．What was Branwell’s reaction to his repeated failures? A．Stopping working hard. B．Feeling extremely ashamed. C．Sliding into bad habits. D．Losing heart completely. 8．Which might be the best title of the passage? A．The Bronte Sisters’ Selfless Sacrifice B．Branwell — A Shame of the Bronte Family C．The Bronte Sisters’ Great Achievement D．The Bronte Family’s Regrettable Tragedy 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者以勃朗特三姐妹的悲剧为例，指出重男轻女的社会偏见给女性带来巨大的伤害。 5．词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“During my youth in America’s Appalachian mountains, I learned that farmers preferred sons over daughters, largely because boys were better at heavy farm labour. (我年轻时住在美国的阿巴拉契亚山脉，我了解到农民重男轻女，很大程度上是因为男孩更擅长繁重的农活。)”可知，以前农民重男轻女很大程度上是因为干农活需要体力，男孩更擅长繁重的农活；由划线词所在句“With only 3% of Americans in agriculture today, brain has replaced brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habits, are easier to make than break.(如今只有3%的美国人从事农业，脑力已经取代了brawn，然而文化偏好，就像坏习惯一样，形成容易打破难。)”可知，现在的美国只有3%的人从事农业，脑力已经取代体力，但是重男轻女依然很难破除，划线词brawn与brain属于相对立的范畴，指“体力劳动”，与C选项“Physical strength”表达意思一致。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes depended entirely on the sole male heir (继承人), Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature.(大约150年前，英国约克郡的一位乡村教堂牧师有三个可爱聪明的女儿，但他的希望完全寄托在唯一的男性继承人布兰韦尔身上。布兰韦尔在艺术和文学方面都有非凡的天赋。)”可知，父亲只关心Branwell的教育是因为Branwell是家里唯一的儿子，父亲把他的希望完全寄托在这个唯一的男性继承人身上。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As failures multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male — but what of her three selfless sisters?(随着接踵而至的失败，Branwell开始酗酒，后来又吸上鸦片，最后死时与生前一样，一无所成，于是寄托在这唯一男性身上的指望也随之破灭了——但她的三个无私的姐妹又如何了呢？)”可知，遭遇接二连三的失败后，Branwell彻底沉沦，染上恶习，最终死去。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“During Branwell’s last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense. Even Branwell might have snickered (窃笑): they sold only 2 copies. However, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition — in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th-century literature was transformed by Anne’s Agnes Grey, Emily’s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte’s Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Branwell had caused great suffering. Emily was taken ill at her brother’s funeral and died within 3 months, aged 29; Anne died 5 months later, aged 30; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed.(在布兰威尔的最后几年，女孩们自费出版了一本诗集。就连Branwell也可能窃笑：他们只卖了两本。然而，他们在业余时间，在深夜的烛光下，继续倾诉他们被压抑的情感，写下他们最了解的，写下与她们的自然欲望和社会状况相冲突的女性——事实上，与其说是小说，不如说是自传！19世纪的文学被安妮的《艾格尼丝·格雷》、艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和夏洛特的《简·爱》所改变。但多年来为班威尔所做的牺牲造成了巨大的痛苦。Emily在她哥哥的葬礼上生病，不到3个月就去世了，享年29岁；5个月后，安妮去世，享年30岁；夏洛特只活到39岁。如果他们被培养而不是被牺牲就好了。)”可知，本文主要讲述重男轻女的偏见使得勃朗特三姐妹一直为家庭牺牲，过早离世，铸成令人遗憾的悲剧；D选项“The Bronte Family’s Regrettable Tragedy(勃朗特家族令人遗憾的悲剧)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高三上·江苏南通海门中学·期末） I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can he effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1,000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B．The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C．Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D．The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 10．According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A．suggests caution before correcting others B．emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C．results from flawed reasoning techniques D．enjoys wide support in the academic field 11．The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A．the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B．geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C．scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D．scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 12．In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A．express concerns for misinformation B．analyze the main cause of science denial C．advocate employing technique rebuttal D．present the problems scientists encounter 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出了否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧这一问题，然后就此问题提出解决办法，即要有技术性的反驳，鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题。 9. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.”(如今，科学家们在哪里？自从那时起，否认科学的危害只增不减: 由于对气候变化的不作为，全球苦难加剧，随着对疫苗的怀疑，一些流行病不断出现。)可知，作者提出 “科学家如今都在哪里？”，这暗示了科学家们如今都保持沉默，从而加剧了否认科学所造成的危害。故选B。 10. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive.”( 大多数情况下，他们的借口都是基于“回火效应”，2010年的一值得怀疑的发现是，当人们面对纠正性信息时，人们有时会更强烈地接受错误概念，这意味着反击谬误是适得其反的。)可知，backfire effect(回火效应)表明，人们在纠正别人时会产生适得其反的效果，所以推断出，backfire effect(回火效应)表明在纠正其他人之前要谨慎。故选A。 11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“...conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions... It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.”(进行了超过1000次20分钟的采访，在采访中，他们听取新任父母对疫苗的关注，并回答了他们的问题......在科学传播中，你不能仅凭事实就说服一个否认科学的人，这是不言而喻的；大多数否认科学的人并不缺乏信息，而是缺乏信任。)和最后一段“If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.”(如果你花更多的时间问问题而不是解释，人们就会更加注意你给出的解释。)可以推断出，最后两段表明，在互动过程中，科学家被鼓励要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题，故选C。 12. 推理判断题。文章第一段讲了2017年“我”和70000位科学家一起在波士顿的科学大会上维护事实和真理。第二段讲述了如今，科学家们都保持沉默，否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧。第三段作者表明只要投入时间就能改变别人对科学的否认。第四段作者用“回火效应”来表明，在纠正别人之前要谨慎。第五段作者提出反驳别人的谬误是有效果的。第六段，第七段和第八段介绍了“技术性的反驳”在实践中的应用，同时要鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要仔细聆听他人，且问他人问题。所以，综合全文可知，作者先提出现有的问题，即否认科学造成危害不断加剧，然后提出解决办法--即要有技术性的反驳，所以可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要提倡使用技术性的反驳，故选C。 Passage 4 （23-24高三上·江苏盐城·期末） The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A few of my friends and some of my classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age. On the other hand, I hesitated. I only knew the basics, but was foreign to some words on social media. All throughout middle school, I stuck with the same thinking. And no as a freshman in college, I am looking back and wondering why I have never been naturally interested in social media. Scanning Instagram, you ought to find dozens of pictures of people in beautiful countries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, among many other things. The thought of doing this never resonated with me. I respect and understand those who believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eves, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as, if not more meaningful when not shared with others. Most people have experienced feeling insecure and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed of all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life. I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media. While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages. With homework and after-class activities consuming the majority of my day, I cannot wait to finish every task on my to-do list, so I can finally spend time with my family or have some time for myself to relax from my busy day. 13．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Social media are popular with students. B．Young pupils suffer from social media C．The author has no access to social media. D．Social media contribute to students’ study. 14．The underlined part in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．waned off B．let down C．hid from D．appealed to 15．Why do people using social media might feel insecure? A．They follow other people’s beauty standards totally. B．Social media change the way they look at themselves. C．Social media encourage them to be a unique individual D．They spend more time posting their images on social media. 16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A to-do list can stop people using social media. B．Social media can waste pepole’s valuable time. C．Spending time with family always enjoys first priority. D．Students pay more attention to social media than to study. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要从作者对自己不喜欢社交媒体的这一心理的反思入手，针对社交媒体对当下人们的影响进行思考和论述。 13．推理判断题。文章前两段讲述了作者身边的人及作者本人对社交媒体平台的态度，结合第一段前两句“The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A few of my friends and some of my classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age.(我第一次听说我的同学参与社交媒体是在四年级。我的一些朋友和同学在这么小的时候就兴奋地参与到Instagram这样的平台)”可知，在四年级的时候，作者的朋友和同学就纷纷参与到社交媒体平台，由此可推知，社交媒体很受学生欢迎。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句的后两句“I respect and understand those who believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same.(我尊重并理解那些相信使用社交媒体可以表达自己并与他人分享生活的人。但我从来没有兴趣这样做)”可知，作者对社交媒体不感兴趣，在社交媒体上发布动态，分享生活对作者来说没有吸引性，由此可推知，划线部分“resonated with”与“appealed to”同义，表示“有吸引的”。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“Most people have experienced feeling insecure and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed of all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life.(大多数人在社交媒体上都有过不安全感和缺乏自信的经历。被改变的图像代表着不切实际的美丽标准，只有通过危险的方式才能获得。即使不使用社交媒体，我也知道使用Instagram和Facebook等应用程序会让我在所有方面都感到尴尬，这些方面让我成为一个独一无二的人。我从来都不想在看到社交媒体上的帖子后，立即将自己和自己的生活进行比较)”可知，社交媒体平台上的图片等内容可能是经过编辑的，一些美丽标准是不容易实现的。且这些社交媒体容易让人产生对比心理，阅读者往往将博主的生活和自己的生活进行对比，使自己对自己的看法产生变化，而作者不同于他人，他是不想这样去对比的。由此可推知，使用社交媒体的人之所以会感到不安全是因为社交媒体使人们之间产生对比，改变了人们看待自己的方式。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media. While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages.(我经常观察到我的同学很容易被社交媒体分心。在努力完成家庭作业的同时，他们有一种强烈的冲动，想打开Instagram或Facebook，看看是否有新消息)”可知，社交媒体会影响完成作业的进度，使得人们浪费宝贵的时间去关注社交动态。故选B。 Passage 5 （23-24高三上·江苏盐镇江·期末） Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans. An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set. Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights. In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility. 17．Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph? A．To remind readers of the importance of robots. B．To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots. C．To set readers thinking about an issue about robots. D．To describe the relationship between humans and robots. 18．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Robots should be legally and morally protected. B．There is possible information risk. C．Humans are doing harm to robots. D．Robots should be given more emotional attachment. 19．What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 20．What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1    ②=Para. 2    ③=Para. 3    ④=Para. 4    ⑤=Para. 5    ⑥=Para. 6) A．①—②③④⑤—⑥ B．①②—③④⑤—⑥ C．①—②③—④⑤⑥ D．①—②③④—⑤⑥ 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。随着机器人越来越类人化，我们很多时候不能再把机器人仅仅看作机器，因此文章论述了应该赋予机器人人权的理由。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.（鉴于这种现象，我认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类享有的某些权利）”结合下文陈述应该给与机器人人权的原因推知，上文提到星球大战中机器人救机器人以及现实生活中的机器人Sophia的例子是为了让读者思考一个关于机器人的问题。故选C。 18．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans.（机器人也应该得到法律和道德保护，因为伤害机器人可能与伤害人类相似）”可知，本段主要陈述机器人应该受到法律和道德的保护。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.（然而，随着技术的进步，机器人完全拟人化只是时间问题， 我们必须考虑赋予他们权利）”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.（总之，决定机器人是否应该享有人权并不是一件容易的事，但现在是开始对话的时候了，并认真考虑这种可能性）”推知，作者对给与机器人人权持支持态度。故选B。 20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出本文话题——考虑给机器人人权，第二到第五段陈述为什么要给机器人人权，最后一个自然段总结全文。因此文章的结构是①—②③④⑤—⑥。故选A。 主题03 人与社会——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期末） Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 1．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial 2．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A．Drivers will become more productive employees. B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 3．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 4．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。 主题04 人与社会——医疗 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏淮安·期末） While the benefits of Zoom and other videoconferencing tools made them absolutely essential in the pandemic (疫情), the research suggests that heavy reliance on the technology comes at a cost to creative thinking. Brucks at Columbia University and her team started their investigation when managers reported having trouble innovating with remote workers. Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead. To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. The engineers, who were in Finland, Hungary, India, Israel and Portugal, were randomly paired up and given an hour or so to brainstorm products either in person or over videoconferencing. They then selected their best idea. Writing in Nature, the researchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. “They are not only generating a larger number of creative ideas, but their best idea is better,” Brucks said. Virtual teams were just as good at selecting the best ideas from a bunch as those that met in person. “Visual focus is a huge component of cognitive (认知) focus. When you’re focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,” said Brucks. “It’s uniquely bad for creativity because it’s inhibiting broader exploration.” Brucks said the impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”. But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effective. Asked for tips, Brucks said people could save more creative tasks for in-person meetings, or turn off their camera when coming up with ideas. “I think it unlocks more creative thinking,” she said. 1．Why did Brucks conduct the research? A．To prove her assumption. B．To clarify a new concept. C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a rule. 2．What is the finding of the research? A．Face-to-face gatherings promote cross-culture ties. B．Workers think less creatively in virtual meetings. C．Individual work generates more innovative ideas. D．Videoconferencing has an irreplaceable role. 3．What does the underlined word “inhibiting” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Encouraging. B．Requiring. C．Beginning. D．Preventing. 4．What does Brucks say about virtual meetings? A．They should be used accordingly. B．They’ll make office workers divided. C．They’ll give way to in-person meetings. D．They help businesses run more efficiently. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过研究者的调查研究，阐述了虽然在疫情期间视频会议起到了至关重要的作用，但是过度依赖会削弱创造性思维的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead.”（Brucks怀疑视频会议是否是一个因素，他怀疑在线协调大型全球团队的困难反而应负主要责任。）和第三段的“To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. ”（为了找到答案，研究人员分析了一家跨国公司1490名工程师提出的新产品创意。）可知，Brucks进行研究是为了证明自己的怀疑和假设。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Writing in Nature, the researchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. ”（研究人员在《自然》杂志上撰文称，当工程师面对面工作时，他们会产生更多的想法，更有创新性的想法。）可知，工程师面对面工作时比虚拟会议中有更多的创新思维。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“When you’re focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,”（当你专注于屏幕而忽略环境的其他部分时，这会影响你完成任务的方式，）可知，人们在虚拟会议中，注意力都集中在屏幕上，就会对创新思维产生影响，阻止人们进行更广泛的探索和思考；结合划线词所在句“It’s uniquely bad for creativity because it’s inhibiting broader exploration.”（这对创造力特别不利，因为它抑制了更广泛的探索。），划线词应该指“阻止、抑制”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段“Brucks said the impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”.”（Brucks表示，这对现实世界的影响“可能是巨大的”，导致面对面会议和虚拟会议之间的分工，可能“永久性地重塑办公室和工作时间表”。）和“But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effective.”（但她敦促企业保持谨慎，因为如果虚拟会议比面对面会议便宜，它们可能仍然更具成本效益。）可知，Brucks提到了面对面会议和虚拟会议会因为各自的优缺点而造成相应的分工，人们应该根据各自的需求而使用虚拟会议。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——小说 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·期末） Some famous novels show that being the side character can give us access to deeper truths and a richer appreciation of the human condition than those too busy propelling the story forward. Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle “He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge.” There is little doubt that Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in literature. Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories now exist in over 70 languages, and Holmes is the most portrayed literary character in film and television history. As a detective, Holmes often takes the lead in solving mysteries, but the story is told from the perspective of Dr. John H. Watson, Holmes’s loyal friend and companion. There are many advantages to this. First, Holmes is odd and tends to focus on minor details. Telling a short story from his perspective would make it anything but short. Dr. Watson translates Holmes’s oddity into something less tiring for the reader. On a literary level, having the story told by the companion helps keep the reader in suspense. If we had access to everything Holmes knew, the game would be over before it was happening. By seeing the Victorian world through Watson’s eyes, not only are we provided a picture that non-detectives can comprehend, but we get to enjoy Sherlock’s exciting adventures, free of spoiler (剧透). The Great Gatsby by E. Scott Fitzgerald “Yet high over the city, our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.” F. Scott Fitzgerald’s best-known work is a meditation on class in the supposedly egalitarian (平等主义) United States, the excesses of the 1920s, and how horrible it can be when the American Dream comes true. The story is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a young man who has moved to Long Island in hopes of becoming a stockbroker and cashing in on the 1920s boom. As the title suggests, the real hero of the story is his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. The difficulty of the story centers on Gatsby’s attempts to pursue Nick’s married cousin Daisy, his dreams of reliving the past, and his efforts to climb into the upper-class of American society. Nick, who is an unreliable narrator, is present for many of the main events in the story. However, as hinted at in the above quote, he considers himself an observer rather than a driver of those events. This allows us to get an outside view of the situation from somebody who admits he doesn’t entirely fit into the world he’s participating in while still being an intimate companion of those who do. The resulting commentary on the life of the American upper crust (症结) has been debated for a century. 1．If written from the perspective of Sherlock Holmes instead of Dr. John Watson, the book Sherlock Holmes would be ________. A．short and to the point B．incomprehensible and long C．full of spoiler and suspense D．interesting but too professional 2．What can be inferred from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald? A．Nick Carraway is not just as observer but a driver of the story events. B．The real mysterious hero behind the title of the novel is Nick Garraway. C．Readers will know more about the American upper class from Jay Gatsby’s perspective. D．The unreliable narrator prevents readers grasping the harms of pursuing the American Dream. 3．Quotes from Sherlock Holmes and The Great Gatsby given below the title respectively in order to ________. A．stick to the traditional pattern of a famous novel B．indicate the side character’s role as the narrator C．remind readers of the theme and plot of the novels D．explain the main character’s neglect of deep truths 4．What message does the author want to convey through the two books mentioned? A．Side characters in novels are usually dismissed as unimportant. B．Classical novels must have quotes that have enduring power among readers. C．Stories told from the most important character’s perspective are still the mainstream. D．Individual, or historical eras can be deeply explored from a unique sideline perspective. Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末） Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improve flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 5．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 6．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 7．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 主题02 人与社会——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏·期末） When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions. C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 4．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. Passage 2 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·期末） Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 5．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 6．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 7．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 8．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. Passage 3 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期末） The new radio programme from Self-help expert Glennon Doyle unexpectedly disturbed me. In a session of We Can Do Hard Things, she focuses on boundaries and their importance to our mental happiness. I heartily agree with her, because saying a polite but firm “no” is one of the basics for a happy life. I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them. When does a boundary become a cage that locks us away? Isn’t it always the case that just as you think you’ve got an area of life nailed; somebody comes along to show you that that’s not the case? As I listened, I started to see boundaries that might cause more problems than they were solving. There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn’t take it-which meant that I turned down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding. There was the boundary that said I wasn’t to buy anything until I’d reached my savings goal-which resulted in me having to restart my laptop 20 times a day. And then there was a boundary around relationships that set out exactly how I should be treated and what I wanted in them. Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted. Had I been doing boundaries wrong all the time? Did I need to figure them all out again? I’ve spent the past few weeks looking at the boundaries I’ve secretly put in place, and I’ve let myself lower some that have been my protection over the years. Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine. In fact, being back at the beginning is a blessing because it means there are still lessons to be learned and adventures to be had and that is something for which I can only be grateful. 9．What has really interested the author in Glennon Doyle’s programme? A．The importance of confirming our boundaries. B．The benefits of boundaries to our happiness. C．The urgency of maintaining our boundaries. D．The necessity of reassessing our boundaries. 10．Which statement on boundaries will the author agree with? A．We should favour savings goals over boundaries. B．Boundaries tend to keep us from potential friends C．Boundaries are very likely to relieve boredom at work. D．We should stick to boundaries despite inconvenience. 11．How did the author feel about boundaries after the? A．Relaxed. B．Depressed. C．Pressured. D．Amused. 12．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．Just when you think you’ve got things sorted. B．Just where you believe there’s no way out C．How can we live a life without boundaries? D．How do we become victims of boundaries? 主题03 人与自我——语言与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏无锡江阴·期末） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 主题04 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏南京·期末） For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation. Unlike X86 and ARM, which are owned by certain enterprises, RISC-V is an open one, allowing anybody to download its instructions handbook and use it. Maybe that is why some US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V. Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology. Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. Being a US company. RISC-V has a global membership, with a number of Chinese and US enterprises as members. It has for long been known as an open-minded institution promoting technological cooperation despite the political tensions, and the US lawmakers targeting it seem to be closing one of the last channels of technology communication between China and their nation. By doing so they are harming the United States’ own interests and its technological leadership in the world. Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard. The US lawmakers might next target GitHub, or, some day, even forbid programmers from accessing the Internet. That will only lead to the US losing its technological edge, never to get it back again. 1．What is RISC-V according to the passage? A．A website for programmers. B．A computer design standard. C．An open-source platform. D．A US chips company. 2．The first paragraph serves as a (n) ________. A．argument B．background C．proof D．connection 3．What does the author mainly emphasize about US targeting RISC-V? A．Fairness. B．Interests. C．Cooperation. D．Openness. 4．Which can be inferred from the passage? A．RISC-V enables processor innovation through open cooperation. B．US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V for the technology safety concern. C．The example of Android demonstrates the benefits of technological openness. D．GitHub and the Internet are the next target US will focus on to safeguard its leadership. Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末） The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more. Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there. This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution. Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place. Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way. Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises. 5．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem? A．As the main topic. B．As the model. C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast. 6．What can we know about Alexa and Siri? A．They are both Apple’s search products. B．They help consumers make their own choices. C．They have bettered the user experience greatly. D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind. 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution? A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 8．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____. A．abandon using artificial intelligence B．abandon using products from tech giants C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps Passage 3 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城射阳·期末） Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum. The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. 9．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________. A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited 10．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing? A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field. C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies. 11．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 12．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 主题05 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末） “Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 1．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 2．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The creating process. B．The final work. C．Personal feelings. D．External forms. 3．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 主题01 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末） AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza. As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. 1．What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Lasting. C．Declining. D．Challenging. 2．What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to? A．Using AI tools to do the translation. B．Doing the work that gives you satisfaction. C．Making effort to learn a new language. D．Studying a language aided by technology. 3．Which of the following will the “Others” in paragraph 4 agree with? A．People should stretch their minds in life. B．AI translation tools offer a good service. C．Extreme endurance sports are worth trying. D．Language learning builds deep connection. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Language learning benefits learners alone. B．Language learning is of value to human health. C．We should reflect on language learning methods. D．We should adopt a new angle on language learning. 主题02 人与自我——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州昆山·期末） The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans. When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.” In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in. The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day. The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research. 1．What contributes to the spread of “fake news”? A．People factor. B．Human culture. C．Modern invention. D．Information accuracy. 2．Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive? A．They prefer making sensible analyses. B．They ae more likely to be emotional. C．They have more trust in authority. D．They overestimate themselves. 3．How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By explaining a concept. D．By citing experts’ words. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To reveal secrets. B．To share emotions. C．To criticize a decision. D．To describe a phenomenon. Passage 2 （23-24高三上·江苏·期末） During my youth in America’s Appalachian mountains, I learned that farmers preferred sons over daughters, largely because boys were better at heavy farm labour. With only 3% of Americans in agriculture today, brain has replaced brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habits, are easier to make than break. But history warns repeatedly of the tragic cost of dismissing too casually the gifts of the so-called weaker sex. About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes depended entirely on the sole male heir (继承人), Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. Branwell’s father and sisters saved their pennies to pack him off to London’s Royal Academy of Arts, but within weeks he returned home, a penniless failure. Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. For years the selfless sisters squelched (制止) their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failures multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male — but what of her three selfless sisters? During Branwell’s last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense. Even Branwell might have snickered (窃笑): they sold only 2 copies. However, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition — in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th-century literature was transformed by Anne’s Agnes Grey, Emily’s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte’s Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Branwell had caused great suffering. Emily was taken ill at her brother’s funeral and died within 3 months, aged 29; Anne died 5 months later, aged 30; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed. No one remembers Branwell’s name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters’ tragically short lives teach us even more of life than of literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, courage—spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. 5．What does the underlined word “brawn” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Human intelligence. B．Tiring labour. C．Physical strength. D．Personal preference. 6．Why did the father only pay attention to Branwell’s education? A．Because Branwell was the only son of the family. B．Because Branwell had a gift for literature and art. C．Because his daughters were not as talented. D．Because his daughters were self-disciplined. 7．What was Branwell’s reaction to his repeated failures? A．Stopping working hard. B．Feeling extremely ashamed. C．Sliding into bad habits. D．Losing heart completely. 8．Which might be the best title of the passage? A．The Bronte Sisters’ Selfless Sacrifice B．Branwell — A Shame of the Bronte Family C．The Bronte Sisters’ Great Achievement D．The Bronte Family’s Regrettable Tragedy Passage 3 （23-24高三上·江苏南通海门中学·期末） I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can he effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1,000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B．The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C．Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D．The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 10．According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A．suggests caution before correcting others B．emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C．results from flawed reasoning techniques D．enjoys wide support in the academic field 11．The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A．the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B．geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C．scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D．scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 12．In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A．express concerns for misinformation B．analyze the main cause of science denial C．advocate employing technique rebuttal D．present the problems scientists encounter Passage 4 （23-24高三上·江苏盐城·期末） The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A few of my friends and some of my classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age. On the other hand, I hesitated. I only knew the basics, but was foreign to some words on social media. All throughout middle school, I stuck with the same thinking. And no as a freshman in college, I am looking back and wondering why I have never been naturally interested in social media. Scanning Instagram, you ought to find dozens of pictures of people in beautiful countries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, among many other things. The thought of doing this never resonated with me. I respect and understand those who believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eves, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as, if not more meaningful when not shared with others. Most people have experienced feeling insecure and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed of all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life. I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media. While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages. With homework and after-class activities consuming the majority of my day, I cannot wait to finish every task on my to-do list, so I can finally spend time with my family or have some time for myself to relax from my busy day. 13．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Social media are popular with students. B．Young pupils suffer from social media C．The author has no access to social media. D．Social media contribute to students’ study. 14．The underlined part in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．waned off B．let down C．hid from D．appealed to 15．Why do people using social media might feel insecure? A．They follow other people’s beauty standards totally. B．Social media change the way they look at themselves. C．Social media encourage them to be a unique individual D．They spend more time posting their images on social media. 16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A to-do list can stop people using social media. B．Social media can waste pepole’s valuable time. C．Spending time with family always enjoys first priority. D．Students pay more attention to social media than to study. Passage 5 （23-24高三上·江苏盐镇江·期末） Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans. An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set. Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights. In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility. 17．Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph? A．To remind readers of the importance of robots. B．To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots. C．To set readers thinking about an issue about robots. D．To describe the relationship between humans and robots. 18．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Robots should be legally and morally protected. B．There is possible information risk. C．Humans are doing harm to robots. D．Robots should be given more emotional attachment. 19．What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 20．What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1    ②=Para. 2    ③=Para. 3    ④=Para. 4    ⑤=Para. 5    ⑥=Para. 6) A．①—②③④⑤—⑥ B．①②—③④⑤—⑥ C．①—②③—④⑤⑥ D．①—②③④—⑤⑥ 主题03 人与社会——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期末） Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive. Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change. Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use. One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal. 1．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______. A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial 2．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced? A．Drivers will become more productive employees. B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas. C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place. D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding. 3．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic? A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately. B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm. C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive. 4．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______. A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic. B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment. C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion. D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic. 主题04 人与社会——医疗 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·江苏淮安·期末） While the benefits of Zoom and other videoconferencing tools made them absolutely essential in the pandemic (疫情), the research suggests that heavy reliance on the technology comes at a cost to creative thinking. Brucks at Columbia University and her team started their investigation when managers reported having trouble innovating with remote workers. Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead. To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. The engineers, who were in Finland, Hungary, India, Israel and Portugal, were randomly paired up and given an hour or so to brainstorm products either in person or over videoconferencing. They then selected their best idea. Writing in Nature, the researchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. “They are not only generating a larger number of creative ideas, but their best idea is better,” Brucks said. Virtual teams were just as good at selecting the best ideas from a bunch as those that met in person. “Visual focus is a huge component of cognitive (认知) focus. When you’re focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,” said Brucks. “It’s uniquely bad for creativity because it’s inhibiting broader exploration.” Brucks said the impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”. But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effective. Asked for tips, Brucks said people could save more creative tasks for in-person meetings, or turn off their camera when coming up with ideas. “I think it unlocks more creative thinking,” she said. 1．Why did Brucks conduct the research? A．To prove her assumption. B．To clarify a new concept. C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a rule. 2．What is the finding of the research? A．Face-to-face gatherings promote cross-culture ties. B．Workers think less creatively in virtual meetings. C．Individual work generates more innovative ideas. D．Videoconferencing has an irreplaceable role. 3．What does the underlined word “inhibiting” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Encouraging. B．Requiring. C．Beginning. D．Preventing. 4．What does Brucks say about virtual meetings? A．They should be used accordingly. B．They’ll make office workers divided. C．They’ll give way to in-person meetings. D．They help businesses run more efficiently. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $