专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·合肥一中·期末） While sending gifts, we naturally make choices based on the receiver. But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the receiver happier? In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them. But Human wondered if this method of giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers. To study how the method is received by receivers, he did another test, asking 100 students to choose a song to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group followed the same instructions as the card buyers. Results suggested that the receivers of songs which showed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind. Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing. 1．What was the main finding of Lauren Human’s online survey in 2015? A．People prefer giving gifts based on their own tastes. B．Most people choose gifts that reflect the receiver’s personality. C．Receivers dislike gifts that show the giver’s true self. D．Gifts bought for special occasions are more meaningful. 2．What can we learn from the Mother’s Day card test? A．Most people choose gifts with the receiver in mind. B．Most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes. C．Gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver. D．Gifts chosen with the receiver in mind work well on the receiver. 3．What matters most in gift giving according to the text? A．Making the giver’s life happier. B．Meeting the receiver’s practical needs. C．Showing one’s knowledge of the receiver. D．Building and strengthening social connections. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Choosing Perfect Gifts B．The Psychology Behind Perfect Gift Selection C．Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds D．How to Avoid Gift-Giving Mistakes 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了送礼的方式，指出传统基于接收者性格和喜好来挑选礼物的方法或许并非最佳，通过心理学家的系列研究论证送礼时展现送礼者自身能让送礼者与接收者关系更亲密，进而提出为使礼物有意义应展现自我这一观点，并阐述了这样做的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them.( 2015年，心理学家Lauren Human做了一项在线调查，结果显示，人们买礼物时更倾向于根据收礼人的性格和喜好来挑选。大多数人也表示，他们更喜欢收到那些明显是为自己精心挑选的礼物 —— 也就是“为他们而选”的礼物。)”可知，Lauren Human 2015年的在线调查主要发现是：人们买礼物时倾向于根据收礼人的性格和喜好来挑选，且大多数人也喜欢收到为自己精心挑选的礼物。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers.(于是，在母亲节前夕，他让78名志愿者去购物中心购物。一半人被要求买一张“能体现你对收礼人了解”的贺卡，另一半人则要买一张“能展现真实自我”的贺卡。购物结束后，那些在挑选时多少考虑了自身的送礼者表示，自己感觉和母亲的距离更近了。)”可知，在母亲节卡片测试中，那些在选择礼物时部分考虑到自己的送礼者，报告说感觉与母亲更亲近了。这说明考虑到送礼者自身的礼物对送礼者效果很好。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”.(Human认为，这一点可能适用于所有礼物。“如果送礼物的目的是建立更牢固的社会关系——而且毫无疑问理应如此——那么我们‘或许应该多送一些能展现自我的礼物’。)”可知，送礼的目标应该是建立更牢固的社会联系，这也是送礼中最重要的事。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’ s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing.(简而言之，要让一份礼物有意义，你得在其中融入一点自己的东西，即便这样做可能存在风险：相比那些完全只考虑收礼人需求而挑选的礼物，这份礼物可能无法那么贴切地满足收礼人的实际需求或喜好。此外，送包含自身特质的礼物可能更稳妥，因为当你试图买一件符合收礼人性格的礼物却失败时，很容易显得你对对方了解不足，而融入自我的礼物能降低这种风险。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕体现自我的礼物如何增进人际关系展开的。选项C“Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds(为何体现自我的礼物能增进感情)”精准概括了实验结论和文章主旨，符合文意。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期末） It is commonly believed that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful. So how does one practice proper positivity in order to have a healthy mindset? According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you. Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions. Not being afraid of your emotions is healing, which can bring you peace. Forcing certain feelings, even positive ones, takes away the chances of experiencing and being honest about what your feelings really are. Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK. Not being OK is part of life sometimes, and facing it with courage can open the door to recovery. Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. Although that is easier said than done, it all originates from honesty. You can get there. So, it is OK to feel both your negative feelings and the positive ones. They are there for a reason, either to warn you of something, guide you towards something, or inform you of something. You don’t have to run away from them or hide from them. All you need to do is be honest. Be yourself and be authentic. Allow yourself to feel the feeling, the good, the bad and the ugly. Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling. 5．Why is New Scientist mentioned? A．To present a common belief. B．To introduce a new theory. C．To support an argument. D．To explain a concept. 6．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Justify. B．Delay. C．Analyze. D．Ignore 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards suppressing one’s negative emotions? A．Mixed. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 8．What message does the author intend to deliver? A．Mental health really counts. B．Negative emotions are of great harm. C．Positivity and negativity interact with each other. D．Maintaining a balance between positivity and negativity is necessary. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈及生活中需要平街心态，不能过度积极或消极。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful.(但好事太多也可能有害)”结合第二段的“According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you.(据《新科学家》杂志报道，过度乐观可能对你有害)”可知，一定程度的积极态度有好处，但是过度积极可能带来负面影响。因此推断提到“新科学杂志”是为了支撑论点。故选C。 6．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK.(消极的想法和情绪是真实存在的。它们是人类经历的一部分，我们应该承认和探索它们，而不是neglect它们。不好也没关系)”和rather than构成的转折关系可知，neglect与acknowledge and explore是反义关系。结合前后文可推断此处表示消极的想法和情绪是真实存在的，是人类经历的一部分，我们应该承认并探究它们，感觉不好也没关系，因此我们不应该忽视消极的想法和情绪。neglect与ignore意思相近，表示“忽视”。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions.(不断地强迫自己保持积极，尤其是在充满挑战和困难的时候，会导致你的情绪被压抑)”和第四段的“Of course, allowing yourself o be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either.(当然，让自己被消极情绪所征服，一点都不积极也不是正确的选择)”以及最后一段的“All you need to do is be honest.(你要做的就是诚实)”可知，作者既说不要被消极情绪完全占据，但也强调要接受负面情绪。由此推知，作者对压抑消极情绪持反对的态度。故选B。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. (当然，让自己被消极情绪所征服，一点都不积极也不是正确的选择。平衡是关键)”和最后一段“Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling.(积极是一件很棒的事情。但是记住要适度使用，不要把它当作压抑你真实感受的一种方式)可知，作者想要通过文章传达的信息是，维持积极情绪和消极情绪之间的平衡是必要的。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 9．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 10．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 11．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp.( 如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，老话是这么说的。它指的是不经常使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态。例如，你有几年没有做过的爱好，比如弹钢琴。下次你拿起它的时候，也许你已经完全忘记了！为了防止这种情况，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能锋利。)”可知，第一段中提到了长时间不弹钢琴，再次弹奏时可能会完全忘记，是为了说明前面提到的那句老话“If you don’t use it, you lose it.”的意思，即如果不经常使用某样东西，它就会迅速陷入衰退状态。因此，提到弹钢琴的目的是阐释这句老话的含义。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities.( 玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏表现，但这在人们的日常认知能力方面尚未显示出令人信服的结果。)”可知，玩在线健脑游戏可能会提高游戏表现，但在人们日常认知能力方面的效果并不令人信服，即好处在日常认知能力方面不明显。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health.( Age UK的首席科学家詹姆斯·古德温(James Goodwin)表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。)”可知，对大脑健康有益的活动是对你来说新的且需要集中注意力的。B 选项 “玩一个不需要太多思考的熟悉游戏”，既不新也不需要集中注意力，不能帮助预防大脑衰退。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do.( 只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康，指出尽管一些人认为在线益智游戏可以改善大脑健康，但证据不足。此外，文章推荐寻求新的活动，挑战思维方式，参与社交，同时养成健康的生活方式，这些都可以为大脑健康带来好处。因此，文章的主旨大意是“参与新的具有挑战性的活动有益于大脑健康”。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·合肥六中·期末） In today’s digital age, there exists a phenomenon (现象) where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information. Although there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this effort gets in the way of practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By taking action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s important not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 13．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find related information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 14．What does the author try to advocate in paragraph 3 and 4? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Taking practical action without delay. C．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. D．Focusing on theoretical knowledge in study. 15．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To show the importance of making mistakes. C．To stress the need for parental guidance. D．To illustrate learning through action and experience. 16．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Balance of Learning and Doing. B．The Process of Accessing Information. C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge. D．The Significance of Hands-on Experience. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出在数字时代，过度追求信息会阻碍目标的实现，倡导在学习和行动间取得平衡，通过行动和经验来达成目标。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. (考虑一个你渴望实现一个特定目标的情况。你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你接受的信息越多，你的理解力反而越弱。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更复杂、更遥不可及)”可知，过多信息使目标看起来更复杂、更遥不可及，造成的困惑会阻止人们实现目标。故选C项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information.(这种情况是一个常见的陷阱：无休止地追求更多的信息)”和第四段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. (实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和行动之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得自己有点准备不足)”可知，作者在第三、四段倡导不要无休止地追求更多的信息，而是立即采取实际行动。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot.(这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和第五段中“The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. (与婴儿学走路的比较就是一个很好的例子。婴儿不是通过坐着分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路、摔倒，然后从每次摔倒中了解哪些方法可行，哪些不可行来学习。通过反复努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于实现目标)”可知，提到“婴儿学走路”的例子是为了说明要通过行动和经验来学习。故选D项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. (实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和行动之间取得平衡)”和最后一段“Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions.(学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的目标前进)”可知，本文主要论述了学习和行动要保持平衡。故A项“The Balance of Learning and Doing.(学习和实践的平衡)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二上·安庆二中·期末） Forty years ago, when Marilyn Loden, then 31 and a manager at a telephone company, made a speech at the 1978 Women's Exposition, she didn't know that a phrase she came up with on that day would still be alive after all these years. "It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier to advancement that people didn't recognize," Loden said at the expo when talking about how hard it was for women to climb the career ladder. And that barrier, according to her, could all be boiled down to one phrase-" glass ceiling". Since then, there have been major advances in gender equality. We've seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education, politics and even business. But sadly, there's one field that's still run mainly by men: science. That's why it was inspiring when Zhang Miman, 82, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given a L'OreaI-UNESCO For Women in Science award on March 22. According to China Daily, the number of women working in science around the world has increased by 12 percent in the past 20 years. But even so, the glass ceiling is still there. Indeed, less than 30 percent of researchers are women, and only 3 percent of Nobel Prizes for Science have been awarded to women. Of course, it has little to do with the stereotype (思维定势) that "women are bad at science". In fact, a study found that nearly half of the "highly qualified" scientists and engineers in the US are women. "Since so few are in the upper ranks, there aren't female instructor to guide women through challenges and support them for promotions," wrote Tara Weiss on Forbes. May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase "glass ceiling". Even though the ceiling is still there, things are changing. And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been added to the ceiling. 17．Why does the author introduce Marilyn Loden at the beginning of the text? A．To attract readers' attention. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To make Loden well-known. D．To amuse readers with Loden's story. 18．What does the underlined phrase "glass ceiling" in the first paragraph refer to? A．the good news for women to be promoted. B．the shortest way for women to succeed. C．the unseen barriers for women to advance. D．the unknown advantages for women to develop. 19．What can be inferred from paragraph 4, 5 and 6? A．Women scientists have very high status in the world. B．Women are naturally not good at science at all. C．Women's liberation in science still has a long way to go. D．Women don't like challenges in career. 20．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To praise Zhang Miman. B．To remember Marilyn Loden. C．To encourage women to break the barrier. D．To introduce a phrase "glass ceiling". 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．C 20．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章借由Marilyn Loden在40年前提出的“玻璃天花板”一词，阐述了女性地位逐渐提升，但在科学领域却仍然难以获得应有的地位，尽管如此，女性科研人员们还在努力改变这一现状。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“she didn't know that a phrase she came up with on that day would still be alive after all these years.她没有想到那天由她提出来的那个说法直到多年后的今天依然还在”和“And that barrier, according to her, could all be boiled down to one phrase-" glass ceiling"据她说，那种障碍可以被浓缩为一个词——玻璃天花板”可知，作者借由第一段引出glass ceiling这一中心词，继而阐述女性在科学领域的地位，其作用就是引出文章的主题。故选B项。 18．词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“"It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier to advancement that people didn't recognize," Loden said at the expo when talking about how hard it was for women to climb the career ladder.”可知，Loden所指的“玻璃天花板”就指人们没有意识到的、阻碍女性事业发展的隐形屏障，与C选项描述相符。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But even so, the glass ceiling is still there.”，第五段中“Of course, it has little to do with the stereotype (思维定势) that "women are bad at science"”和第六段中“Since so few are in the upper ranks, there aren't female instructor to guide women through challenges and support them for promotions”可知，这三段中都在讲述女性在科学领域的“玻璃天花板”仍然存在这一现状，也就是说，要想打破这层障碍，还需要付出很多努力，与C选项描述相符。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase "glass ceiling". Even though the ceiling is still there, things are changing. And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been added to the ceiling.”可知，在“玻璃天花板”这一名词出现第四十年的特殊时刻，尽管那层障碍依然存在，但现状已经在逐渐改变，女性科学家也在努力将其打破，作者正是想以此鼓励广大女性共同努力打破“天花板”。故选C项。 Passage 6 （23-24高二上·安徽五市联考·期末） “Everybody is talented because everybody who is human has something to express,” said American journalist Brenda Ueland. However, sometimes strict teachers or art world could kill creative spark in those who might not meet academic or art world expectations. From a young age, Emily’s parents introduced her to art. Her father took her to world-renowned galleries in Germany, Italy, or France. Although her father loved and focused on Medieval and religious art, nine-year-old Emily was taken aback by the Modern Art. “I would go to the Modern Art section on my own. The paintings were fantastic, and my heart flew looking at them,” said Emily. Although she loved arts and took creative subjects at school, she never had enough time to dedicate to painting. Only after she completed her Ph.D．in systematic theology (神学) at The University of St. Michael’s College in Canada, she found time to paint in 1996. “I was already teaching theology, and I enrolled (报名) in a watercolour class. Once I started, I could not stop,” she said. Emily works as an independent fundraiser consultant for non-profit organizations, in addition to her responsibilities as a Fund Developer at Cardinal Felix Foundation. She regularly takes art classes or paints at home, but she packs her colours on every trip. “Painting helps me to get in touch with my true self. It has made my life richer,” she said. In her painting, she likes to focus on a single object and draw attention to its details. “I like to see what is unique about an object and how it complements its surrounding,” she said. Emily enjoys creating colourful and novel scenes. She ignores remarks of those who follow strict art concepts and who is considered a genuine artist. Emily views art and creativity as a unique language that introduces her to different aspects of life and people. “Art is also my best friend. It is always here for me,” she said. 21．Why does the author mention Brenda Ueland? A．To share a depressing story. B．To clarify insights on art creation. C．To assume the prospect of talents. D．To demonstrate the creativity of artists. 22．What do we know about Emily’s father? A．He led Emily to the door of art. B．He accompanied Emily to paint all the way. C．He was against the choice of systematic theology. D．He had the same tastes in art and similar hobbies. 23．When did Emily actually begin to draw pictures? A．At a young age. B．During the trip to France. C．In the University of St. Michael’s College. D．After obtaining her Ph. D．in Canada. 24．How did Emily react to the strict art critics? A．Turn a deaf ear and be true to herself. B．Follow their professional and far-reaching advice. C．Learn from their educational and creative remarks. D．Adopt critical thinking to handle the criticism. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了Emily的绘画之路和对绘画的感悟。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段““Everybody is talented because everybody who is human has something to express,” said American journalist Brenda Ueland. However, sometimes strict teachers or art world could kill creative spark in those who might not meet academic or art world expectations. (美国记者Brenda Ueland说：“每个人都很有天赋，因为每个人都有表达的东西。”。然而，有时严格的老师或艺术界可能会扼杀那些可能达不到学术或艺术界期望的人的创造力。)”可知，作者提到Brenda Ueland是为了阐述其对艺术创作的感悟和理解。故选B项。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段“From a young age, Emily’s parents introduced her to art. Her father took her to world-renowned galleries in Germany, Italy, or France. (从小，Emily的父母就向她介绍艺术。她的父亲带她去了德国、意大利或法国的世界知名画廊。)”可知，艾米丽的父亲引领其进入绘画之门。故选A项。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段“Only after she completed her Ph.D. in systematic theology (神学) at The University of St. Michael’s College in Canada, she found time to paint in 1996. (直到她在加拿大圣迈克尔大学学院完成了系统神学博士学位后，她才在1996年抽出时间画画。)”可知，艾米丽在加拿大获得博士学位后开始画画。故选D项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“She ignores remarks of those who follow strict art concepts and who is considered a genuine artist. Emily views art and creativity as a unique language that introduces her to different aspects of life and people. “Art is also my best friend. It is always here for me,” she said. (她忽略了那些遵循严格艺术概念、被认为是真正艺术家的人的言论。Emily将艺术和创造力视为一种独特的语言，将她介绍给生活和人们的不同方面。“艺术也是我最好的朋友。它永远在我身边，”她说。)”可知，艾米丽对严格的艺术评论家的言论充耳不闻，她把艺术和创造力视为一种独特的语言，能让她了解生活和人们的不同方面，忠于自己。故选A项。 Passage 7 （23-24高二上·淮北一中·期末） An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father's research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D．Danko. Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. "To build wealth, to build one's own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain," wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book, according to Business Insider. She added, "Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide to climb the corporate ladder (企业晋升制度), or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do so by pushing on without stop." Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income towards savings and building wealth. "Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes from spending below their means," Stanley Fallaw writes. The author says that the temptation (诱惑) to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish (浪费的) vacations and new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance (坚持) to live thriftily (节俭地) is important, Stanley Fallaw argues. 25．How does Sarah Stanley Fallaw find the secret of getting rich? A．According to her own life experiences. B．By doing surveys on the American millionaires. C．Following her father's book The Millionaire Next Door. D．Following her father's partner William D．Danko's advice. 26．Which is NOT the important quality for building wealth according to Staniev Fallaw? A．Sticking to your goals. B．Living a thrift (节俭) life. C．Paying attention to others' critics. D．Persevering through failure. 27．Which is harmful for people to build wealth? A．To spend below their means. B．To follow others' spending habits. C．To keep away from lavish vacations. D．To avoid the temptation of new purchases. 28．What is the best title of the passage? A．What People Should Read B．Why We Need Strict Goals C．When People Will Become Millionaires D．How Millionaires Get Rich 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍一位富翁Stanley Fallaw在她的书《隔壁的下一个百万富翁：建立财富的持久策略》中介绍的关于致富的秘诀的理解以及什么是对积累财富有害的。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. （《隔壁的下一个百万富翁：建立财富的持久策略》一书的作者莎拉·斯坦利·法拉夫（Sarah Stanley Fallaw）是在2015年和2016年对美国百万富翁进行调查后得出这一结论的。）”可知，莎拉·斯坦利·法洛是通过对美国百万富翁进行调查找到致富的秘诀的。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. （斯坦利·法拉夫认为，面对拒绝和严格的目标设定，韧性对积累财富很重要。）”以及第三段“Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. （斯坦利·法拉夫强调设定目标和坚持目标的重要性，特别是在预算方面。）”可知，注意别人的批评并没有提到。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The author says that the temptation to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. （作者说，保持周围人消费习惯的诱惑对积累财富是非常有害的。）”可知，跟随别人的消费习惯对人们积累财富是有害的。故选B。 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. （一位调查了600位百万富翁的作家声称，她发现了致富的秘诀。）”及全文可知，整篇文章都是围绕百万富翁如何致富展开的。故选D。 题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·合肥一中·期末） Air pollution remains a global health crisis, responsible for 4.7 million early deaths worldwide in 2021 — about the same as road-traffic accidents, malaria and suicides combined. While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no direct exhaust emissions (尾气排放), making them crucial for urban air quality improvement. However, they still produce considerable non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear (磨损). These micro particles (颗粒), particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns, pose serious health risks by getting into the lungs and other organs via the bloodstream, potentially causing heart or lung disease, stroke, and cancer. One 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southampton found some brake-pad dust seems more damaging to lung cells, partly due to higher levels of copper, which can damage cells and DNA．Scientists estimate that EVs produce more of these non-exhaust particles than other cars because their batteries make them heavier, the weight averaging 2,133 kg, compared to 1,500-1,800 kg for traditional vehicles, causing them to generate more friction (摩擦). Despite this, EVs are still mostly less polluting than other cars. They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. Comparative studies show EVs emit about 14 mg/ km of fine particles versus 18 mg/ km for petrol when accounting for all sources. To maximize EV benefits, several strategies are significant. One way is to regulate non-exhaust emissions in a similar way to exhaust. Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants. 29．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To promote the use of EVs. B．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EVs. C．To argue about car pollution. D．To compare two types of vehicle pollution. 30．How do regenerative braking systems in EVs reduce pollution? A．Stop using brakes completely B．Turn motion into battery power C．Prevent harmful particles D．Make the car lighter. 31．Which best explains “relocating” in Paragraph 4? A．reducing. B．shifting. C．hiding. D．measuring. 32．What can be inferred about oversized EVs? A．They may cause unnecessary pollution. B．They help regulate emissions. C．They are powered with renewable sources. D．They show technological progress. 【答案】29．B 30．B 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕电动汽车与空气污染这一主题展开。阐述了电动汽车改善城市空气质量的潜力，也分析了面临的挑战。通过研究说明电动汽车非尾气颗粒物危害更大的原因，又通过对比研究肯定了电动汽车整体污染仍较低且具备环保优势。 29．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕电动汽车展开，既阐述了其优势（无直接尾气排放、总体污染少于传统汽车、再生制动系统减少污染等），也分析了其存在的问题（产生非尾气污染物、因重量大导致颗粒排放更多等），最后还提出了最大化电动汽车益处的策略。由此可知，文章主要讨论了电动汽车的优缺点。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down.(它们的环境优势部分源于再生制动系统：当司机松开踏板时，汽车持续的前进动力会被回收以给电池充电，从而使汽车减速。)”可知，电动汽车的再生制动系统在司机松开踏板时，会将汽车持续的前进动力回收以给电池充电，从而实现减速。这一过程减少了传统刹车的使用频率，进而减少了刹车磨损产生的污染物，其核心是将运动转化为电池电力。故选B。 31．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants.(此外，为电动汽车供电的电力必须来自可再生能源，以避免污染只是简单地……到发电厂。)”可知，若电动汽车的电力来自非可再生能源，污染就会从汽车转移到发电厂。划线单词意为“转移”，选项B“shifting”意为“转移”，与此相符。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed.(鼓励人们考虑购买小型汽车——尽管这并非易事，因为车身越大，通常意味着电池越大、越重，而最大容量电池所提供的额外续航里程可能根本用不上。)”可知，大型电动汽车通常配备更大更重的电池，而其提供的额外续航可能根本用不上。结合前文提到电动汽车因重量大产生更多非尾气污染物，可推断大型电动汽车可能因不必要的重量和电池规模导致多余的污染。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·六安一中·期末） Like most parents, I’m terrified at how quickly time goes, so I feel a constant pressure to save every moment for my children. I want to keep it so I try to record it on film and relive the moments whenever I look back on it. I want to remember as much of my kids’ childhood as possible. But I found that, actually, the more I document the less I remember. And to do this, I think I need to put the camera down. It's hard to describe how it feels when a photo stirs (搅动，唤起)a memory. For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact. Often I look at the photos only a year or so old and while I can see it is my son and me, and I know we were at that place at that time, it doesn’t stir anything. I know it happened, but I don’t really remember it. And I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind the camera, rather than in the moment. And there is another reason to put the camera down. I want my kids to be comfortable in their skin for as long as possible, happily unaware of how they might ‘appear’. Just last month my son was running outdoors around a giant decorative polar bear, laughing, when my mother-in-law took out her phone to take a picture, and immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform. Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less-is-more approach. 33．What did the writer mean by saying “the more I document the less I remember”? A．She couldn't remember anything when she took photos. B．She tried her best to remember what happened through films and photos. C．She spent so much time taking photos that she didn't remember how it felt at that moment. D．She found it hard to remember what happened at that time. 34．How were Paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By offering data. B．By following time order. C．By making classification. D．By giving examples. 35．Why did the writer’s son behave differently when facing the camera? A．Because he was aware of what's going on. B．Because he was afraid of it C．Because he didn’t like it. D．Because he was comfortable with performing. 36．What's the author’s attitude towards taking photos? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 【答案】33．C 34．D 35．A 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。’作者用生活事例论述自己对拍照的观点。 33．词句猜测题。根据文章的第二段作者所举的例子以及第二段中“I know it happened but I don’t really remember it and I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind camera rather than in the moment(我知道这发生过，但我真的不记得了，我想这是因为我花了太多时间在镜头后面，而不是在那一刻)” 可知, 作者花了很多时间拍照，以至于她都不记得当时的感觉了。故选C项。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段“For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact.(例如，当我看着我儿子出生那天的照片----我在医院里，我记得那难以置信的混合情感，他的感觉，我甚至记得那味道。但从那以后，我给他拍了成千上万张照片，这些照片几乎没有这么大的影响力)”；第三段第一句“And there is another reason to put the camera down. (放下相机还有另外一个原因)”，最后一句“At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform.(我的儿子在四岁的时候就已经知道，当那个黑盒子出现在他面前时，他就会被期望去表现)”可知，第二段列举了作者儿子出生的时候以及成长中给她拍照的例子进行说明，第三段讲述了上个月儿子拍照的事情，两处都是举例说明放下相机的原因。故选D项。 35．细节理解题, 根据文章的第三段中“immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform.(我立刻看到了他的一些变化。他放慢了脚步。他笑得时间太久了。我的儿子在四岁的时候就已经知道，当那个黑盒子出现在他面前时，他就会被期望去表现)”可知，作者四岁的儿子已经明白要在镜头前表现自己。故选A项。 36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less -is-more approach.(当然，拍照有它的用处，我现在还不打算停止。但我的目标是采取一种“少即是多”的方法)”可知,作者持客观态度，作者并没有完全否定拍照的用处,她的目标是尽量少拍。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） My dad passed away peacefully at home yesterday, surrounded by his family. We are feeling grief but also gratitude. My dad’s passing was not unexpected - he was 94 and his health had been failing-so we have all had a long time to reflect on just how lucky we are to have had this amazing man in our lives for so many years. My dad had a great influence on my drive. When I was a kid, he never let me put very little effort into things I was good at, and he always pushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic（道德准则）as one of the hardest-working and most respected lawyers in Seattle. My dad's influence on our philanthropy（慈善行为）was just big. Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like in how they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad. More than anyone else, he shaped the values of the foundation. Finally, my dad had a positive influence on my most important roles - husband and father. When I am at my best, I know it is because of what I learned from my dad about respecting women and guiding children's choices with love and respect. Dad wrote me a letter on my 50th birthday. “Over time, ” he wrote, “I have told you and others not to overuse the adjective incredible. This is a word with huge meaning to be used only in extraordinary settings. What I want to say, here, is simply that the experience of being your father has been…incredible.” I know he would not want me to overuse the word, but there is no danger of doing that now. The experience of being the son of Bill Gates was INCREDIBLE. People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be. I will miss him every day. 1．The underlined part “my drive” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A．my attitude to wealth B．my interest in what is round C．my choice of work D．my effort to something 2．Based on the text, which word can be used to describe the author's father? A．Honest. B．Creative. C．Generous D．Confident. 3．At the end of the text the author implies that________. A．he regarded his father as his role model B．his father developed a strict parenting style C．people annoyed him by asking who the real Bill Gates was. D．the family were not allowed to use the adjective “incredible” 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember his beloved father B．To inform people of his father’s death. C．To reflect on his relationship with his father. D．To explain how his father got on with the family. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。本文是比尔盖茨缅怀自己的父亲写下的文章。文中描写了父亲一生的成就，对子女的教育和影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“When I was a kid, he never let me put very lttle effort into things I was good at, and he alwayspushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic (道德准则) as one of the hardest-working and mostrespected lawyers in Seattle.（当我还是个孩子的时候，他绝不会让我仅仅在自己擅长的领域浅尝辄止，他老是逼着我干我不爱干的事儿。他树立了了不起的道德榜样。他是西雅图地区工作最勤奋，最受人尊敬的律师）”可知，当作者还是个孩子的时候，作者的父亲从不让作者在擅长的事情上付出一点点努力，他总是推动作者去尝试自己讨厌的事情。他是西雅图工作最努力、最受尊敬的律师之一，树立 了令人惊叹的职业道德。由此可知，作者的父亲以身作则，为作者树立了努力工作的榜样，并且推动作者努力去完成作者不喜欢的事情。在作者努力做事上给予了极大影响，故划线词与D项意思相近。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like inhow they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad.（在我整个童年时光，他和我妈用自己实际行动，用他们的时间和资源，告诉我们乐善好施应该是什么样的。如果没有我的父亲，就没有比尔梅林达·盖茨基金会的今天）”可知，作者的父亲和母亲为比尔梅琳达盖茨基金会做出了巨大贡献。从他们身上,作者明白了“慷慨”的概念。由此可知，作者的父亲致力于慈善事业，非常慷慨。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be.（人们曾经问我爸爸他是不是真的比尔·盖茨。事实是，他是我想成为的那种人）”可知，作者想成为父亲那样的人。由此推知，作者的父亲是作者的榜样，所以作者也想成为像他那样的人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。文章第一段作者提到自己的父亲昨天去世了。从第二段开始 ，作者开始回忆父亲对自己各方面的影响，叙述父亲一生的所作所为和成就。 最后一段作者提到自 己也想成为像父亲那样的人。很明显，作者通过这篇文章，来纪念深爱的父亲。故选A项。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） I learned an important lesson from one of my patients. When I first met Linda, she was only six years old, beautiful and energetic. She had an accident when she fell into the fire on a camping trip, leaving 30 percent of her skin surface damaged. Linda would require several weeks in the hospital and three additional surgeries (手术). Between each operation, nurses daily took her for disinfection (消毒). Overnight, the dressings (敷料) would stick to the wound and have to be pulled away. Each step was more painful for Linda than the previous one. For an adult, the agonizing (折磨人的)pain and daily fear proves overwhelming. For a child, it has an impact forever. Linda’s life would never be the same. I took care of Linda for the next several years, revising her scars and freeing areas of tightness in her face and neck. Over that time, her scarring faded and her appearance improved significantly. Eventually, her family moved away and I lost track of her. Years later, at a national meeting, I ran into a plastic surgeon I knew who told me he had met a former patient of mine. It was Linda, she was doing extremely well and she was his colleague and not his patient. Linda had become a nurse and worked with him in a burn unit. She was the nurse the patients most often asked to clean their wounds and change their dressings. Her compassion (同情心) and her courage in returning to a burn unit inspired their confidence and reduced their fears. Linda turned her pain into compassion. She devoted every day of her life toward helping others overcome their pain. Physicians can be frustrated and overwhelmed when we don’t have enough time in a day to complete everything we need to do. Linda taught me the importance of slowing down. Among the best gifts we, as physicians, can give our patients, whether in the exam room or at the bedside in the hospital, is to take the time to show the compassion we feel. 5．Which of the following words can best describe Linda according to the story? A．Outspoken. B．Well-behaved. C．Painful. D．Strong-minded. 6．What step could cause unbearable pain? A．Pulling away the dressings. B．Going through disinfection. C．Revising the scars. D．Freeing the areas of tightness. 7．What can help doctors reduce their patients’ fears? A．Experience. B．Patience. C．Compassion. D．Friendliness. 8．What can we infer from the passages? A．Linda was thankful for the author’s help. B．Linda was mostly trusted by her patients. C．Linda’s experience led her to be a nurse. D．Gifts make patients confident in operations. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 【导语】文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是琳达经历了烧伤事故，在治疗的过程中揭开伤口上敷的药可能会导致无法忍受的疼痛，但是她意志坚定忍受了很大的痛苦；在长大后选择成为一名烧伤科的护士来帮助其他的人的故事。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Overnight, the dressings（敷料）would stick to the wound and have to be pulled away. Each step was more painful for Linda than the previous one. For an adult, the agonizing（折磨人的）pain and daily fear proves overwhelming. For a child, it has an impact forever.（一夜之间，敷料就会粘在伤口上，必须把它弄下来。琳达每走一步都比前一步更痛苦。对于一个成年人来说，这种极度的痛苦和每天的恐惧是无法抗拒的。对一个孩子来说，它的影响是永远的。）”从琳达所经历的这些痛苦来看，说明她是非常的意志坚定的。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Overnight, the dressings（敷料）would stick to the wound and have to be pulled away. Each step was more painful for Linda than the previous one. For an adult, the agonizing（折磨人的）pain and daily fear proves overwhelming.（一夜之间，敷的药就会粘在伤口上，必须把它弄下来。琳达每走一步都比前一步更痛苦。对于一个成年人来说，这种极度的痛苦和每天的恐惧是无法抗拒的。）” 可知去掉敷料可能会导致无法忍受的疼痛。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Among the best gifts we, as physicians, can give our patients, whether in the exam room or at the bedside in the hospital, is to take the time to show the compassion we feel.（作为医生，我们能给病人最好的礼物之一，无论是在检查室还是在医院的床边，就是花时间表达我们的同情心。）” 可推知，同情能帮助医生减轻病人的恐惧。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Her compassion（同情心）and her courage in returning to a burn unit inspired their confidence and reduced their fears. （她的同情心和回到烧伤病房的勇气激发了他们的信心，减少了他们的恐惧。）” 可推知，琳达的经历使她成为了一名护士。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽淮北·期末） What makes one a great person? The legendary volleyball coach Lang Ping gave the answer in the recent documentary The Iron Hammer, titled after her nickname for her powerful strikes. The documentary features Lang' s inspiring journey from her gold medal victory as a volleyball player in the 1984 Olympics to her unparalleled(无可比拟的）career as a successful coach for both Team USA from 2005 to 2008 and China since 2013.She led the US to a silver medal finish and China to a gold medal triumph in the 2008 and 2016 Olympic Games, making her the first person to win Olympic volleyball gold as a player and coach. Lang Ping revealed the secret to such remarkable achievements in the documentary. “I believe volleyball was my destiny," she said. But glory and challenges go hand in hand. Troubled by severe injuries to her cervical vertebra(颈椎），back, waist and knees, caused by intense exercise and hard work, the 60-year-old has undergone more than 10 surgeries. “No parts of my body function well," she joked. But illness is certainly not the only difficulty Lang has faced throughout her career. In 2005, she struggled with balancing raising her daughter Lydia Bai Lang, who lived in the US, and her coaching career, according to China Sports Daily. She eventually decided to work for USA Volleyball that year and this decision aroused a lot of negative comments back in China. “I'm proud of being Chinese.” Lang responded in an interview.Later,she returned to head the Chinese women 's volleyball team in 2013, leading the team successfully defending its World Cup crown with a perfect record of 11 straight wins last year. There is no doubt that Lang is one of the greatest players and coaches in history. As an athlete commented in the documentary, “Lang Ping is like Michael Jordan in our minds.” 9．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Ways to become a great person. B．Reasons for Lang Ping's success. C．Lang Ping and her successful career. D．Great athletes and their achievements. 10．Why did Lang Ping go to work for USA Volleyball in 2005? A．To make a big fortune. B．To take care of her family. C．To avoid negative comments. D．To establish her reputation abroad. 11．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 probably mean ? A．Success comes at a price. B．Challenges are as important as glory. C．Athletes are likely to get their hands injured. D．Lang Ping has trouble in achieving her goals. 12．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned at the end of the passage? A．To honor the legendary pop star. B．To draw the attention of readers to another field. C．To illustrate there are lots of great people in the world. D．To acknowledge Lang Ping's status and achievements. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了郎平和她成功的事业。郎平付出了许多努力，才获得了今天瞩目的成就，大家对她评价很高，认为她是人们心目中的迈克尔·乔丹。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What makes one a great person? The legendary volleyball coach Lang Ping gave the answer in the recent documentary The Iron Hammer, titled after her nickname for her powerful strikes.”（是什么让一个人成为伟大的人?传奇女排教练郎平在最近的纪录片《铁榔头》中给出了答案。《铁榔头》以郎平的绰号命名，郎平因为她的强力击球而得此绰号）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了郎平和她成功的事业。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段“In 2005, she struggled with balancing raising her daughter Lydia Bai Lang, who lived in the US, and her coaching career, according to China Sports Daily. She eventually decided to work for USA Volleyball that year and this decision aroused a lot of negative comments back in China.”（据《中国体育报》报道，2005年，她在抚养住在美国的女儿Lydia Bai Lang和自己的教练生涯之间挣扎。那年，她最终决定为美国排球队工作，这一决定在国内引起了很多负面评论）可知2005年郎平去美国排球队工作是为了照顾她的家庭。故选B。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的部分“Troubled by severe injuries to her cervical vertebra(颈椎），back, waist and knees, caused by intense exercise and hard work, the 60-year-old has undergone more than 10 surgeries. “No parts of my body function well," she joked.”（由于剧烈运动和艰苦工作，她的颈椎、背部、腰部和膝盖严重受伤，60岁的她已经经历了10多次手术。“我身体的任何部位都不能正常工作，”她开玩笑说）可知郎平在取得瞩目成就的同时，也因繁重的工作得了许多疾病。由此推知，第四段中划线句子的意思是“成功是有代价的”。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is no doubt that Lang is one of the greatest players and coaches in history. As an athlete commented in the documentary, “Lang Ping is like Michael Jordan in our minds.”（ 毫无疑问，郎平是历史上最伟大的球员和教练之一。一位运动员在纪录片中评论道:“郎平就像我们心目中的迈克尔·乔丹。”）可推知，在文章的最后提到了迈克尔·乔丹是肯定郎平的地位和成就。故选D。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·六安一中·期末） Like most parents, I’m terrified at how quickly time goes, so I feel a constant pressure to save every moment for my children. I want to keep it so I try to record it on film and relive the moments whenever I look back on it. I want to remember as much of my kids’ childhood as possible. But I found that, actually, the more I document the less I remember. And to do this, I think I need to put the camera down. It's hard to describe how it feels when a photo stirs (搅动，唤起)a memory. For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact. Often I look at the photos only a year or so old and while I can see it is my son and me, and I know we were at that place at that time, it doesn’t stir anything. I know it happened, but I don’t really remember it. And I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind the camera, rather than in the moment. And there is another reason to put the camera down. I want my kids to be comfortable in their skin for as long as possible, happily unaware of how they might ‘appear’. Just last month my son was running outdoors around a giant decorative polar bear, laughing, when my mother-in-law took out her phone to take a picture, and immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform. Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less-is-more approach. 13．What did the writer mean by saying “the more I document the less I remember”? A．She couldn't remember anything when she took photos. B．She tried her best to remember what happened through films and photos. C．She spent so much time taking photos that she didn't remember how it felt at that moment. D．She found it hard to remember what happened at that time. 14．How were Paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By offering data. B．By following time order. C．By making classification. D．By giving examples. 15．Why did the writer’s son behave differently when facing the camera? A．Because he was aware of what's going on. B．Because he was afraid of it C．Because he didn’t like it. D．Because he was comfortable with performing. 16．What's the author’s attitude towards taking photos? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。’作者用生活事例论述自己对拍照的观点。 13．词句猜测题。根据文章的第二段作者所举的例子以及第二段中“I know it happened but I don’t really remember it and I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind camera rather than in the moment(我知道这发生过，但我真的不记得了，我想这是因为我花了太多时间在镜头后面，而不是在那一刻)” 可知, 作者花了很多时间拍照，以至于她都不记得当时的感觉了。故选C项。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact.(例如，当我看着我儿子出生那天的照片----我在医院里，我记得那难以置信的混合情感，他的感觉，我甚至记得那味道。但从那以后，我给他拍了成千上万张照片，这些照片几乎没有这么大的影响力)”；第三段第一句“And there is another reason to put the camera down. (放下相机还有另外一个原因)”，最后一句“At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform.(我的儿子在四岁的时候就已经知道，当那个黑盒子出现在他面前时，他就会被期望去表现)”可知，第二段列举了作者儿子出生的时候以及成长中给她拍照的例子进行说明，第三段讲述了上个月儿子拍照的事情，两处都是举例说明放下相机的原因。故选D项。 15．细节理解题, 根据文章的第三段中“immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform.(我立刻看到了他的一些变化。他放慢了脚步。他笑得时间太久了。我的儿子在四岁的时候就已经知道，当那个黑盒子出现在他面前时，他就会被期望去表现)”可知，作者四岁的儿子已经明白要在镜头前表现自己。故选A项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less -is-more approach.(当然，拍照有它的用处，我现在还不打算停止。但我的目标是采取一种“少即是多”的方法)”可知,作者持客观态度，作者并没有完全否定拍照的用处,她的目标是尽量少拍。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽蚌埠·期末） I guess I always knew about the little fish treat, but this past summer it was all I could see. Pipin and Nemo were flying through hoops (圈), dancing with the trainer, and we were all applauding (鼓掌) -- the little kids were excited. That’s when the trainer, rewarded Pipin and Nemo with a fish. Each time they successfully performed a trick, they’d get an immediate reward. These animals weren’t really dancing, of course. They were performing a series of movements that they knew would have a fish. It’s such a good show because the sea lions look like they’re having such fun.These talented performers who love to be in front of people seem almost human. Somewhere in our life Journey, we all have a sea lion moment. You see how you’ve spent years jumping through hoops, not because it’s really who you are, but because you’ve always done it and you will get reward for your performance. But when you’ve done that for ten or twenty years, you start to ask yourself, “Who am I working for? What do I really believe?” Suddenly you see it: you’ve spent almost all your life taking direction from other people. They’ve told you what to believe in, what to work for, how to live your life. You don’t want to end your life like George. George is speaking to his son Ted, who cannot follow in his father’s steps. He wants to leave college and head off on his own way. “Dad, I can’t stand it any more,” the boy says. “Maybe it’s all right for some kids. Maybe I’ll want to go back some day, but now, I want to do what I want to and become myself.” George, seeming old, says, “I’ve never done a single thing I’ve wanted to in my whole life!” The Good - Bye Gate brings us naturally to a second passage, leading from being dependent to being self. You start to find out that where there is supposed to be a self, there really isn’t. 17．The sea lions were pleased to perform in front of people because they ________. A．can get food as a reward that way B．wants to win the trainer’s favor. C．wants to get others’ applause D．will be punished if it refuses it 18．While watching the sea lions’ performance the author ________. A．couldn’t help shouting and dancing B．recalled the similar scene of last year C．realized an important life philosophy D．was happy to see them living freely 19．By saying “we all have a sea lion moment”, the author means that ________. A．anyone can make it as long as they work hard B．we can also get rewarded if we do something well C．sometimes we don’t do what we want to D．every human being also has his happy moment 20．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．Get rewarded B．Now I Become Myself C．No Pains, No Gains D．Summer Vacation Fun 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者由海狮的表演联想我们的人生之路，作者认为，我们重复很多年做的事并不是出于本心，而是客观因素使得我们做一些事。 17．细节理解题。由第一段最后一句"Each time they successfully performed a trick，they'd get an immediate reward．（每次他们成功地表演了一个把戏，他们就会立即得到回报。）"可知，海狮知道如果他们动作表演得好就会得到鱼作为奖励，所以在观众面前它们看起来很乐意表演，故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句下文You see how you’ve spent years jumping through hoops, not because it’s really who you are, but because you’ve always done it and you will get reward for your performance.（你会看到你多年来是如何在这个圈中跳跃的，不是因为你是谁，而是因为你一直在做，你的表现会得到回报。）可知，作者认为，从某种程度上，我们的人生之路与海狮有相似之处，我们重复很多年做的事并不是出于本心，而是由于受到了客观因素的影响。有的人甚至一辈子都没有做过一件因自己想做而做的事。可知在观看海狮表演的过程中，作者领悟到了一个重要的人生哲理。故选C。 19．推理判断题。由下文But when you’ve done that for ten or twenty years, you start to ask yourself, “Who am I working for? What do I really believe?” Suddenly you see it: you’ve spent almost all your life taking direction from other people. They’ve told you what to believe in, what to work for, how to live your life.（但当你这样做了10年或20年，你开始问自己，“我在为谁工作?”我到底相信什么?你突然发现:你几乎一生都在从别人那里获得指导。他们告诉你应该相信什么，为什么工作，如何生活。）可知，作者由海狮的表演联想我们的人生之路，即作者说“我们都有海狮时刻”，意思是有时我们并未做我们想要做的事情。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。由文章内容可知，作者由海狮的表演联想我们的人生之路，我们重复很多年做的事并不是出于本心，而是客观因素使得我们做一些事，有的人甚至一辈子都没有做过一件因自己想做而做的事。可见，本文旨在强调恢复本心，成为真正的自己，所以短文的最佳标题“现在，我成为了自己”。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·合肥一中·期末） While sending gifts, we naturally make choices based on the receiver. But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the receiver happier? In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them. But Human wondered if this method of giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers. To study how the method is received by receivers, he did another test, asking 100 students to choose a song to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group followed the same instructions as the card buyers. Results suggested that the receivers of songs which showed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind. Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing. 1．What was the main finding of Lauren Human’s online survey in 2015? A．People prefer giving gifts based on their own tastes. B．Most people choose gifts that reflect the receiver’s personality. C．Receivers dislike gifts that show the giver’s true self. D．Gifts bought for special occasions are more meaningful. 2．What can we learn from the Mother’s Day card test? A．Most people choose gifts with the receiver in mind. B．Most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes. C．Gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver. D．Gifts chosen with the receiver in mind work well on the receiver. 3．What matters most in gift giving according to the text? A．Making the giver’s life happier. B．Meeting the receiver’s practical needs. C．Showing one’s knowledge of the receiver. D．Building and strengthening social connections. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Choosing Perfect Gifts B．The Psychology Behind Perfect Gift Selection C．Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds D．How to Avoid Gift-Giving Mistakes Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·期末） It is commonly believed that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. But too much of a good thing can potentially be harmful. So how does one practice proper positivity in order to have a healthy mindset? According to the journal New Scientist, being positive to an extreme extent can be bad for you. Constantly forcing positivity, especially during challenging and difficult times, can result in the suppression (抑制) of your emotions. Not being afraid of your emotions is healing, which can bring you peace. Forcing certain feelings, even positive ones, takes away the chances of experiencing and being honest about what your feelings really are. Negative (消极的) thoughts and emotions are real. They are part of the human experience and we should acknowledge and explore them rather than neglect them. It’s OK to not be OK. Not being OK is part of life sometimes, and facing it with courage can open the door to recovery. Of course, allowing yourself to be overcome by negativity and not being positive at all is not the way to go either. Balance is the key here. Although that is easier said than done, it all originates from honesty. You can get there. So, it is OK to feel both your negative feelings and the positive ones. They are there for a reason, either to warn you of something, guide you towards something, or inform you of something. You don’t have to run away from them or hide from them. All you need to do is be honest. Be yourself and be authentic. Allow yourself to feel the feeling, the good, the bad and the ugly. Positivity can be a great thing. But remember to use it in moderation and not as a way to suppress how you are actually feeling. 5．Why is New Scientist mentioned? A．To present a common belief. B．To introduce a new theory. C．To support an argument. D．To explain a concept. 6．What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Justify. B．Delay. C．Analyze. D．Ignore 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards suppressing one’s negative emotions? A．Mixed. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 8．What message does the author intend to deliver? A．Mental health really counts. B．Negative emotions are of great harm. C．Positivity and negativity interact with each other. D．Maintaining a balance between positivity and negativity is necessary. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽宣城·期末） If you don’t use it, you lose it. At least, that’s how the old saying goes. It refers to the idea that something that does not get used regularly quickly falls into a state of decline. For example, a hobby that you haven’t done for a few years, like playing the piano. The next time you pick it up, maybe you’ve forgotten altogether! In order to prevent this, people take regular exercise to keep their skills sharp. Well, what about the brain? As we age, our brains can naturally begin to decline (衰退). In some cases, this can lead to certain mental conditions such as dementia (痴呆). However, all is not lost because these days it’s relatively easy to train your brain. Smartphones and apps have put programmes that can test, keep and even improve our memories and a number of other mental abilities. With a little practice every day, we can keep our brains sharp, right? Well, no, actually. According to a report from the Global Council on Brain Health, even though many people think it is beneficial to play some online games that are designed to improve brain health, the evidence of the benefits is “weak to non-existent”. Playing a “brain game” may lead to improvements in game performance, but this has yet to show a convincing result in people’s daily cognitive (认知的) abilities. Don’t lose heart, though. There are other ways to develop the brain. It recommends trying new activities that challenge the way you think and are socially engaging, while leading to a healthy lifestyle. Among their suggestions are practising tai chi, taking photography classes, learning new technologies, gardening, art projects or volunteering. There’s more good news, too. James Goodwin, chief scientist at Age UK, has said that brain decline is not unavoidable. As long as the activities are “new to you and require your concentrated attention”, they can provide benefits for brain health. So, hurry up, get out there and try something new. Maybe it’s time to try that hobby you’ve always wanted to do. 9．Why is playing the piano mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of brain decline. B．To explain how to keep physically healthy. C．To show the importance of regular exercise. D．To illustrate the meaning of an old saying. 10．What can we infer about the effectiveness of playing online brain games from paragraph 3? A．The benefits are not obvious in terms of daily cognitive abilities. B．Both game performance and cognitive functions are greatly improved. C．Strong and continuous benefits have been proved. D．The evidence of the benefits is weak to non-existent. 11．According to James Goodwin, which of the following does NOT help prevent brain decline? A．Taking part in a new cooking class that teaches techniques unknown before. B．Playing a familiar game that does not demand much thought. C．Participating in a photography course that challenges one’s creative skills. D．Learning a new musical instrument that requires concentration. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle are key to keeping the brain healthy. B．Brain decline is natural and unavoidable as people age. C．Online brain games can improve people’s cognitive abilities. D．Engaging in new and challenging activities can benefit brain health. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·合肥六中·期末） In today’s digital age, there exists a phenomenon (现象) where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you take in more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept (理念) or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit (追求) of more information. Although there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this effort gets in the way of practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then jump into action rapidly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical (理论的) knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually grasped. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By taking action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s important not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 13．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find related information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 14．What does the author try to advocate in paragraph 3 and 4? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Taking practical action without delay. C．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. D．Focusing on theoretical knowledge in study. 15．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To show the importance of making mistakes. C．To stress the need for parental guidance. D．To illustrate learning through action and experience. 16．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Balance of Learning and Doing. B．The Process of Accessing Information. C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge. D．The Significance of Hands-on Experience. Passage 5 （23-24高二上·安庆二中·期末） Forty years ago, when Marilyn Loden, then 31 and a manager at a telephone company, made a speech at the 1978 Women's Exposition, she didn't know that a phrase she came up with on that day would still be alive after all these years. "It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier to advancement that people didn't recognize," Loden said at the expo when talking about how hard it was for women to climb the career ladder. And that barrier, according to her, could all be boiled down to one phrase-" glass ceiling". Since then, there have been major advances in gender equality. We've seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education, politics and even business. But sadly, there's one field that's still run mainly by men: science. That's why it was inspiring when Zhang Miman, 82, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given a L'OreaI-UNESCO For Women in Science award on March 22. According to China Daily, the number of women working in science around the world has increased by 12 percent in the past 20 years. But even so, the glass ceiling is still there. Indeed, less than 30 percent of researchers are women, and only 3 percent of Nobel Prizes for Science have been awarded to women. Of course, it has little to do with the stereotype (思维定势) that "women are bad at science". In fact, a study found that nearly half of the "highly qualified" scientists and engineers in the US are women. "Since so few are in the upper ranks, there aren't female instructor to guide women through challenges and support them for promotions," wrote Tara Weiss on Forbes. May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase "glass ceiling". Even though the ceiling is still there, things are changing. And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been added to the ceiling. 17．Why does the author introduce Marilyn Loden at the beginning of the text? A．To attract readers' attention. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To make Loden well-known. D．To amuse readers with Loden's story. 18．What does the underlined phrase "glass ceiling" in the first paragraph refer to? A．the good news for women to be promoted. B．the shortest way for women to succeed. C．the unseen barriers for women to advance. D．the unknown advantages for women to develop. 19．What can be inferred from paragraph 4, 5 and 6? A．Women scientists have very high status in the world. B．Women are naturally not good at science at all. C．Women's liberation in science still has a long way to go. D．Women don't like challenges in career. 20．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To praise Zhang Miman. B．To remember Marilyn Loden. C．To encourage women to break the barrier. D．To introduce a phrase "glass ceiling". Passage 6 （23-24高二上·安徽五市联考·期末） “Everybody is talented because everybody who is human has something to express,” said American journalist Brenda Ueland. However, sometimes strict teachers or art world could kill creative spark in those who might not meet academic or art world expectations. From a young age, Emily’s parents introduced her to art. Her father took her to world-renowned galleries in Germany, Italy, or France. Although her father loved and focused on Medieval and religious art, nine-year-old Emily was taken aback by the Modern Art. “I would go to the Modern Art section on my own. The paintings were fantastic, and my heart flew looking at them,” said Emily. Although she loved arts and took creative subjects at school, she never had enough time to dedicate to painting. Only after she completed her Ph.D．in systematic theology (神学) at The University of St. Michael’s College in Canada, she found time to paint in 1996. “I was already teaching theology, and I enrolled (报名) in a watercolour class. Once I started, I could not stop,” she said. Emily works as an independent fundraiser consultant for non-profit organizations, in addition to her responsibilities as a Fund Developer at Cardinal Felix Foundation. She regularly takes art classes or paints at home, but she packs her colours on every trip. “Painting helps me to get in touch with my true self. It has made my life richer,” she said. In her painting, she likes to focus on a single object and draw attention to its details. “I like to see what is unique about an object and how it complements its surrounding,” she said. Emily enjoys creating colourful and novel scenes. She ignores remarks of those who follow strict art concepts and who is considered a genuine artist. Emily views art and creativity as a unique language that introduces her to different aspects of life and people. “Art is also my best friend. It is always here for me,” she said. 21．Why does the author mention Brenda Ueland? A．To share a depressing story. B．To clarify insights on art creation. C．To assume the prospect of talents. D．To demonstrate the creativity of artists. 22．What do we know about Emily’s father? A．He led Emily to the door of art. B．He accompanied Emily to paint all the way. C．He was against the choice of systematic theology. D．He had the same tastes in art and similar hobbies. 23．When did Emily actually begin to draw pictures? A．At a young age. B．During the trip to France. C．In the University of St. Michael’s College. D．After obtaining her Ph. D．in Canada. 24．How did Emily react to the strict art critics? A．Turn a deaf ear and be true to herself. B．Follow their professional and far-reaching advice. C．Learn from their educational and creative remarks. D．Adopt critical thinking to handle the criticism. Passage 7 （23-24高二上·淮北一中·期末） An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father's research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D．Danko. Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. "To build wealth, to build one's own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain," wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book, according to Business Insider. She added, "Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide to climb the corporate ladder (企业晋升制度), or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do so by pushing on without stop." Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income towards savings and building wealth. "Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes from spending below their means," Stanley Fallaw writes. The author says that the temptation (诱惑) to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish (浪费的) vacations and new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance (坚持) to live thriftily (节俭地) is important, Stanley Fallaw argues. 25．How does Sarah Stanley Fallaw find the secret of getting rich? A．According to her own life experiences. B．By doing surveys on the American millionaires. C．Following her father's book The Millionaire Next Door. D．Following her father's partner William D．Danko's advice. 26．Which is NOT the important quality for building wealth according to Staniev Fallaw? A．Sticking to your goals. B．Living a thrift (节俭) life. C．Paying attention to others' critics. D．Persevering through failure. 27．Which is harmful for people to build wealth? A．To spend below their means. B．To follow others' spending habits. C．To keep away from lavish vacations. D．To avoid the temptation of new purchases. 28．What is the best title of the passage? A．What People Should Read B．Why We Need Strict Goals C．When People Will Become Millionaires D．How Millionaires Get Rich 题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·合肥一中·期末） Air pollution remains a global health crisis, responsible for 4.7 million early deaths worldwide in 2021 — about the same as road-traffic accidents, malaria and suicides combined. While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no direct exhaust emissions (尾气排放), making them crucial for urban air quality improvement. However, they still produce considerable non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear (磨损). These micro particles (颗粒), particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns, pose serious health risks by getting into the lungs and other organs via the bloodstream, potentially causing heart or lung disease, stroke, and cancer. One 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southampton found some brake-pad dust seems more damaging to lung cells, partly due to higher levels of copper, which can damage cells and DNA．Scientists estimate that EVs produce more of these non-exhaust particles than other cars because their batteries make them heavier, the weight averaging 2,133 kg, compared to 1,500-1,800 kg for traditional vehicles, causing them to generate more friction (摩擦). Despite this, EVs are still mostly less polluting than other cars. They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. Comparative studies show EVs emit about 14 mg/ km of fine particles versus 18 mg/ km for petrol when accounting for all sources. To maximize EV benefits, several strategies are significant. One way is to regulate non-exhaust emissions in a similar way to exhaust. Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants. 29．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To promote the use of EVs. B．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EVs. C．To argue about car pollution. D．To compare two types of vehicle pollution. 30．How do regenerative braking systems in EVs reduce pollution? A．Stop using brakes completely B．Turn motion into battery power C．Prevent harmful particles D．Make the car lighter. 31．Which best explains “relocating” in Paragraph 4? A．reducing. B．shifting. C．hiding. D．measuring. 32．What can be inferred about oversized EVs? A．They may cause unnecessary pollution. B．They help regulate emissions. C．They are powered with renewable sources. D．They show technological progress. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·六安一中·期末） Like most parents, I’m terrified at how quickly time goes, so I feel a constant pressure to save every moment for my children. I want to keep it so I try to record it on film and relive the moments whenever I look back on it. I want to remember as much of my kids’ childhood as possible. But I found that, actually, the more I document the less I remember. And to do this, I think I need to put the camera down. It's hard to describe how it feels when a photo stirs (搅动，唤起)a memory. For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact. Often I look at the photos only a year or so old and while I can see it is my son and me, and I know we were at that place at that time, it doesn’t stir anything. I know it happened, but I don’t really remember it. And I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind the camera, rather than in the moment. And there is another reason to put the camera down. I want my kids to be comfortable in their skin for as long as possible, happily unaware of how they might ‘appear’. Just last month my son was running outdoors around a giant decorative polar bear, laughing, when my mother-in-law took out her phone to take a picture, and immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform. Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less-is-more approach. 33．What did the writer mean by saying “the more I document the less I remember”? A．She couldn't remember anything when she took photos. B．She tried her best to remember what happened through films and photos. C．She spent so much time taking photos that she didn't remember how it felt at that moment. D．She found it hard to remember what happened at that time. 34．How were Paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By offering data. B．By following time order. C．By making classification. D．By giving examples. 35．Why did the writer’s son behave differently when facing the camera? A．Because he was aware of what's going on. B．Because he was afraid of it C．Because he didn’t like it. D．Because he was comfortable with performing. 36．What's the author’s attitude towards taking photos? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） My dad passed away peacefully at home yesterday, surrounded by his family. We are feeling grief but also gratitude. My dad’s passing was not unexpected - he was 94 and his health had been failing-so we have all had a long time to reflect on just how lucky we are to have had this amazing man in our lives for so many years. My dad had a great influence on my drive. When I was a kid, he never let me put very little effort into things I was good at, and he always pushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic（道德准则）as one of the hardest-working and most respected lawyers in Seattle. My dad's influence on our philanthropy（慈善行为）was just big. Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like in how they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad. More than anyone else, he shaped the values of the foundation. Finally, my dad had a positive influence on my most important roles - husband and father. When I am at my best, I know it is because of what I learned from my dad about respecting women and guiding children's choices with love and respect. Dad wrote me a letter on my 50th birthday. “Over time, ” he wrote, “I have told you and others not to overuse the adjective incredible. This is a word with huge meaning to be used only in extraordinary settings. What I want to say, here, is simply that the experience of being your father has been…incredible.” I know he would not want me to overuse the word, but there is no danger of doing that now. The experience of being the son of Bill Gates was INCREDIBLE. People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be. I will miss him every day. 1．The underlined part “my drive” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A．my attitude to wealth B．my interest in what is round C．my choice of work D．my effort to something 2．Based on the text, which word can be used to describe the author's father? A．Honest. B．Creative. C．Generous D．Confident. 3．At the end of the text the author implies that________. A．he regarded his father as his role model B．his father developed a strict parenting style C．people annoyed him by asking who the real Bill Gates was. D．the family were not allowed to use the adjective “incredible” 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember his beloved father B．To inform people of his father’s death. C．To reflect on his relationship with his father. D．To explain how his father got on with the family. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期末） I learned an important lesson from one of my patients. When I first met Linda, she was only six years old, beautiful and energetic. She had an accident when she fell into the fire on a camping trip, leaving 30 percent of her skin surface damaged. Linda would require several weeks in the hospital and three additional surgeries (手术). Between each operation, nurses daily took her for disinfection (消毒). Overnight, the dressings (敷料) would stick to the wound and have to be pulled away. Each step was more painful for Linda than the previous one. For an adult, the agonizing (折磨人的)pain and daily fear proves overwhelming. For a child, it has an impact forever. Linda’s life would never be the same. I took care of Linda for the next several years, revising her scars and freeing areas of tightness in her face and neck. Over that time, her scarring faded and her appearance improved significantly. Eventually, her family moved away and I lost track of her. Years later, at a national meeting, I ran into a plastic surgeon I knew who told me he had met a former patient of mine. It was Linda, she was doing extremely well and she was his colleague and not his patient. Linda had become a nurse and worked with him in a burn unit. She was the nurse the patients most often asked to clean their wounds and change their dressings. Her compassion (同情心) and her courage in returning to a burn unit inspired their confidence and reduced their fears. Linda turned her pain into compassion. She devoted every day of her life toward helping others overcome their pain. Physicians can be frustrated and overwhelmed when we don’t have enough time in a day to complete everything we need to do. Linda taught me the importance of slowing down. Among the best gifts we, as physicians, can give our patients, whether in the exam room or at the bedside in the hospital, is to take the time to show the compassion we feel. 5．Which of the following words can best describe Linda according to the story? A．Outspoken. B．Well-behaved. C．Painful. D．Strong-minded. 6．What step could cause unbearable pain? A．Pulling away the dressings. B．Going through disinfection. C．Revising the scars. D．Freeing the areas of tightness. 7．What can help doctors reduce their patients’ fears? A．Experience. B．Patience. C．Compassion. D．Friendliness. 8．What can we infer from the passages? A．Linda was thankful for the author’s help. B．Linda was mostly trusted by her patients. C．Linda’s experience led her to be a nurse. D．Gifts make patients confident in operations. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽淮北·期末） What makes one a great person? The legendary volleyball coach Lang Ping gave the answer in the recent documentary The Iron Hammer, titled after her nickname for her powerful strikes. The documentary features Lang' s inspiring journey from her gold medal victory as a volleyball player in the 1984 Olympics to her unparalleled(无可比拟的）career as a successful coach for both Team USA from 2005 to 2008 and China since 2013.She led the US to a silver medal finish and China to a gold medal triumph in the 2008 and 2016 Olympic Games, making her the first person to win Olympic volleyball gold as a player and coach. Lang Ping revealed the secret to such remarkable achievements in the documentary. “I believe volleyball was my destiny," she said. But glory and challenges go hand in hand. Troubled by severe injuries to her cervical vertebra(颈椎），back, waist and knees, caused by intense exercise and hard work, the 60-year-old has undergone more than 10 surgeries. “No parts of my body function well," she joked. But illness is certainly not the only difficulty Lang has faced throughout her career. In 2005, she struggled with balancing raising her daughter Lydia Bai Lang, who lived in the US, and her coaching career, according to China Sports Daily. She eventually decided to work for USA Volleyball that year and this decision aroused a lot of negative comments back in China. “I'm proud of being Chinese.” Lang responded in an interview.Later,she returned to head the Chinese women 's volleyball team in 2013, leading the team successfully defending its World Cup crown with a perfect record of 11 straight wins last year. There is no doubt that Lang is one of the greatest players and coaches in history. As an athlete commented in the documentary, “Lang Ping is like Michael Jordan in our minds.” 9．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Ways to become a great person. B．Reasons for Lang Ping's success. C．Lang Ping and her successful career. D．Great athletes and their achievements. 10．Why did Lang Ping go to work for USA Volleyball in 2005? A．To make a big fortune. B．To take care of her family. C．To avoid negative comments. D．To establish her reputation abroad. 11．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 probably mean ? A．Success comes at a price. B．Challenges are as important as glory. C．Athletes are likely to get their hands injured. D．Lang Ping has trouble in achieving her goals. 12．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned at the end of the passage? A．To honor the legendary pop star. B．To draw the attention of readers to another field. C．To illustrate there are lots of great people in the world. D．To acknowledge Lang Ping's status and achievements. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·六安一中·期末） Like most parents, I’m terrified at how quickly time goes, so I feel a constant pressure to save every moment for my children. I want to keep it so I try to record it on film and relive the moments whenever I look back on it. I want to remember as much of my kids’ childhood as possible. But I found that, actually, the more I document the less I remember. And to do this, I think I need to put the camera down. It's hard to describe how it feels when a photo stirs (搅动，唤起)a memory. For instance, when I look at the pictures of my son on the day he was born----I am there in the hospital, I remember the mixture of incredible emotions, the way he felt, and I even remember the smell. But I have taken thousands of photos of him since then and they don’t have nearly this much impact. Often I look at the photos only a year or so old and while I can see it is my son and me, and I know we were at that place at that time, it doesn’t stir anything. I know it happened, but I don’t really remember it. And I think it’s because I have spent so much time behind the camera, rather than in the moment. And there is another reason to put the camera down. I want my kids to be comfortable in their skin for as long as possible, happily unaware of how they might ‘appear’. Just last month my son was running outdoors around a giant decorative polar bear, laughing, when my mother-in-law took out her phone to take a picture, and immediately I saw some changes in him. He slowed down a bit. His smile lasted too long. At four years old, my little boy already knows that when that black box is in his face, the expectation is on him to perform. Of course, taking photos has its uses and I don’t plan to stop now. But my aim is to take a less-is-more approach. 13．What did the writer mean by saying “the more I document the less I remember”? A．She couldn't remember anything when she took photos. B．She tried her best to remember what happened through films and photos. C．She spent so much time taking photos that she didn't remember how it felt at that moment. D．She found it hard to remember what happened at that time. 14．How were Paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By offering data. B．By following time order. C．By making classification. D．By giving examples. 15．Why did the writer’s son behave differently when facing the camera? A．Because he was aware of what's going on. B．Because he was afraid of it C．Because he didn’t like it. D．Because he was comfortable with performing. 16．What's the author’s attitude towards taking photos? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽蚌埠·期末） I guess I always knew about the little fish treat, but this past summer it was all I could see. Pipin and Nemo were flying through hoops (圈), dancing with the trainer, and we were all applauding (鼓掌) -- the little kids were excited. That’s when the trainer, rewarded Pipin and Nemo with a fish. Each time they successfully performed a trick, they’d get an immediate reward. These animals weren’t really dancing, of course. They were performing a series of movements that they knew would have a fish. It’s such a good show because the sea lions look like they’re having such fun.These talented performers who love to be in front of people seem almost human. Somewhere in our life Journey, we all have a sea lion moment. You see how you’ve spent years jumping through hoops, not because it’s really who you are, but because you’ve always done it and you will get reward for your performance. But when you’ve done that for ten or twenty years, you start to ask yourself, “Who am I working for? What do I really believe?” Suddenly you see it: you’ve spent almost all your life taking direction from other people. They’ve told you what to believe in, what to work for, how to live your life. You don’t want to end your life like George. George is speaking to his son Ted, who cannot follow in his father’s steps. He wants to leave college and head off on his own way. “Dad, I can’t stand it any more,” the boy says. “Maybe it’s all right for some kids. Maybe I’ll want to go back some day, but now, I want to do what I want to and become myself.” George, seeming old, says, “I’ve never done a single thing I’ve wanted to in my whole life!” The Good - Bye Gate brings us naturally to a second passage, leading from being dependent to being self. You start to find out that where there is supposed to be a self, there really isn’t. 17．The sea lions were pleased to perform in front of people because they ________. A．can get food as a reward that way B．wants to win the trainer’s favor. C．wants to get others’ applause D．will be punished if it refuses it 18．While watching the sea lions’ performance the author ________. A．couldn’t help shouting and dancing B．recalled the similar scene of last year C．realized an important life philosophy D．was happy to see them living freely 19．By saying “we all have a sea lion moment”, the author means that ________. A．anyone can make it as long as they work hard B．we can also get rewarded if we do something well C．sometimes we don’t do what we want to D．every human being also has his happy moment 20．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．Get rewarded B．Now I Become Myself C．No Pains, No Gains D．Summer Vacation Fun 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $