专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

专题03 阅读理解 （议论文） 主题01 人与自然——生物多样性与生态平衡 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・广西钦州・期末） We all experience the presence of wild animals in our daily lives, whether it is the song of a garden bird or the fish on our plate. It’s important to consider the key role that the surprising diversity (多样性) of wild animals plays in our own survival. From the powerful whale to the small dung beetle, wild animals are all important pieces that make up life on the earth. Wildlife helps most trees grow by spreading seeds (种子), and they also help many of our food plants. They keep our forests strong, so they can hold a lot of carbon. A large number of animals move nutrients (养分) around in nature, which is good for industries like fisheries, and help prevent tipping points in places like the Amazon. Small animals underground, like soil helpers, make food grow better and stop flooding. We risk our own survival if we lose these wild species. And it is not just important that they exist — their diversity is especially important. We need wildlife to interact with other animals and their habitats for effective ecological benefits. Understanding the importance of wild animal species makes much sense. The 2024 Living Planet Report showed a 73% average drop in wild vertebrate species since 1970. The Nature’s Technicians report makes it clear why these falls are disastrous not only for wildlife but also for people. These two reports arrived at just the right moment. Countries will have an important talk soon about how to stop and fix the damage to nature, discussing what each country should do and what help is needed worldwide, under the Convention on Biological Diversity. What more of a wake-up call do we need than understanding that the fall in wild animals is more serious than expected and that such results could threaten our food systems and economies? Let’s ensure that this international conference is remembered as the important moment when we come together for a better planet — for wildlife and people alike. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The number of diverse species. B．The important role of wildlife. C．The practical way to save animals. D．The damage caused by flooding. 2．Why does the author mention the two reports in the text? A．To stress the need to protect wildlife. B．To recommend popular magazines. C．To express his views on the diversity of wildlife. D．To compare the difference between plants and animals. 3．What does the author expect us to do? A．Reduce the threat to our food systems. B．Get into important talks as often as we can. C．Share what we have learned with our friends. D．Build a healthy earth that supports animals and humans. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Protecting our food systems makes a difference B．Improving the wild species matters a lot C．Leave more spaces, save more wildlife D．Save wild species, save ourselves 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了野生动物多样性对人类生存的重要性，指出物种数量下降的现状及危害，呼吁各国通过国际会议共同努力保护野生动物。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wildlife helps most trees grow by spreading seeds (种子), and they also help many of our food plants. They keep our forests strong, so they can hold a lot of carbon. A large number of animals move nutrients (养分) around in nature, which is good for industries like fisheries, and help prevent tipping points in places like the Amazon. Small animals underground, like soil helpers, make food grow better and stop flooding.(野生动物通过传播种子帮助大多数树木生长，它们也帮助许多食用植物生长。它们让我们的森林保持健康，这样森林就能储存大量的碳。大量的动物在自然界中移动养分，这对渔业等行业有益，还能帮助防止亚马逊等地的生态临界点。地下的小动物，比如土壤帮手，能让食物长得更好并防止洪水泛滥)”可知，该段围绕野生动物在生态系统中的各种作用进行阐述，强调了野生动物的重要角色。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Understanding the importance of wild animal species makes much sense. The 2024 Living Planet Report showed a 73% average drop in wild vertebrate species since 1970. The Nature’s Technicians report makes it clear why these falls are disastrous not only for wildlife but also for people.(了解野生动物物种的重要性很有意义。《2024年地球生命力报告》显示，自1970年以来，野生脊椎动物物种平均减少了73%。《大自然的技师》报告明确指出，为什么这些减少不仅对野生动物，而且对人类来说都是灾难性的)”以及后文提到各国将围绕保护自然展开重要讨论可知，作者提及这两份报告是为了强调保护野生动物的必要性。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Let’s ensure that this international conference is remembered as the important moment when we come together for a better planet — for wildlife and people alike.(让我们确保这次国际会议被铭记为我们为了一个更美好的星球——为了野生动物和人类——共同努力的重要时刻)”可知，作者期望我们共同努力建设一个能让动物和人类都得以生存的健康地球。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s important to consider the key role that the surprising diversity (多样性) of wild animals plays in our own survival.(考虑野生动物惊人的多样性在我们自身生存中所起的关键作用是很重要的)”和第三段“We risk our own survival if we lose these wild species.(如果我们失去这些野生物种，我们自己的生存也会受到威胁)”等内容可知，文章强调了野生动物对人类生存的重要性，保护野生物种就是保护人类自己。“Save wild species, save ourselves(拯救野生物种，就是拯救我们自己)”能准确概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・山东德州・期末）As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 5．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 7．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 8．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章分析了人工智能对园艺工作带来的好处和负面影响，表达了园艺工作者应该在接受创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡的观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients.(通过分析放置在花园里的各种传感器的数据，人工智能系统可以确定每种植物的特定需求，如光、水和营养。)”可知，人工智能对每一株植物的个性化的护理是基于传感器的数据。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening.(随着人工智能的不断发展，我们可以期待在园艺领域有更多创新的应用。)”等内容可知，第四段主要叙述了人工智能在园艺领域的未来发展。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution.(虽然人工智能为家庭园丁提供了许多好处，但谨慎对待这项技术很重要。)”可知，作者认为人工智能对园艺领域能够带来很多好处，但需要谨慎对待，所以持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge.(因此，对于园丁来说，在接受这些创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡是至关重要的。)”可知，作者认为在园艺领域应用人工智能这些创新技术时，要注意保持与保护传统知识之间的平衡，也就是要正确地应用人工智能技术，所以作者接下来可能会谈论在园艺领域如何正确应用人工智能。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·北京东城·期末） Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 9．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 10．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 11．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了作者对保护遗产的看法。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city.(我小时候所熟悉的街区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。如果我们继续这样下去，我们的遗产将荡然无存；很快我就认不出我的城市了。)”可知，作者担心自己所在的街区的历史遗产将会荡然无存。由此可推知，作者对他所熟悉的街区感到不安。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past.(中东有几个很好的例子。在迪拜，历史悠久的AI Bastikiya区每年吸引来自世界各地的数千名游客。它也吸引了当地人，他们渴望了解自己城市的过去。)”可推知，至于国际游客，作者同意他们想了解文化和传统。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, renovation of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too.(事实上，在保留原有建筑美感的同时，翻修一栋现有建筑每平方米的成本甚至比最基本的新建筑还要低40美元左右。更重要的是，环境专家认为最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑。新建筑几乎总是有更严重的环境影响，因为它需要使用必须长途运输的全新材料，而不是已经在现场的回收材料。我们回收了很多其他的东西。我们可以也应该回收建筑。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了保护历史建筑的好处。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——人际交往与社会管理 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.(当Gail Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实) .She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers(诱因) .Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末） Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Larger numbers are a measure of career success: managers get promoted by taking on more reports, running higher budgets and earning bigger salaries. Companies are not always against subtraction (减法) . Though not a welcome one, reducing costs is a necessary part of management, which is often undervalued. The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means clearing time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions (干扰) . It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important parts. Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of  “planned subtraction” , so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use. Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: “If we did not do this, would it be any different?” In The Case for Good Jobs, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make sense. Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the “smart loss of sales”, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. “Less” may not sound like a great result for customers, but at some point choice is deeply tiring. When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch the same film twice, few choices seem pretty attractive. 5．Why does the author mention the company Shopify in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To support an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 6．Which statement does Peter Drucker most likely agree with? A．Companies should quit unpromising tasks. B．Bosses should give up profits for resources. C．Bosses shouldn’t remove everyday distractions. D．Companies should focus on some unfinished work. 7．Which of the following measures is regarded as effective “doing less” commercially? A．Stores give customers more time to shop. B．Cinemas run only one particular film a day. C．Streaming websites upload more new movies. D．Supermarkets offer a limited variety of goods. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．The best companies celebrate addition. B．The best bosses know how to subtract work. C．Companies use numbers to measure success. D．Smart bosses go against the idea of subtraction. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出企业管理中减法的重要性，优秀老板应删减会议、淘汰无前景项目，如Shopify和Costco的成功案例所示。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result.(会议几乎总是由老板召集，但只有一部分有用。电子商务公司 Shopify 年初从日程中减去了 12,000 场会议，结果效率有所提高)”可知，作者先提出“部分会议无意义，减少干扰可提升效率”的观点，再以 Shopify的案例说明“减法”的有效性。引用该案例是为了支持前文观点。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of ‘planned subtraction’, so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use.(管理理论家彼得・德鲁克支持‘有计划的减法’，以便将束缚在次要活动中的资源释放出来，用于更有利润的用途)”及“Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: ‘If we did not do this, would it be any different?’(他建议，老板应该总是对公司的每个细节问同一个问题：‘如果我们不做这件事，会有什么不同吗？’)”可知，德鲁克主张放弃无前景的任务，将资源集中在高价值事项上。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the ‘smart loss of sales’, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively.(美国著名超市Costco信奉‘明智的销售损失’，有意限制了产品选择。这意味着它能更有效地集中购买力，更准确地预测需求，并更高效地利用员工时间)”可知，通过减少商品种类提升运营效率是“doing less”的典型案例。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段明确提出“The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on.(最优秀的老板既懂得做加法，也懂得做减法)”，随后通过Shopify、德鲁克理论及Costco的案例，论证“减法管理”对提升效率的重要性。全文围绕“优秀管理者需掌握减法思维”展开，B选项The best bosses know how to subtract work.(最好的老板知道如何减少工作量)与引文中的核心观点直接呼应，可作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·重庆长寿·期末） In this digital time, mobile phones are a must-have for teenagers. But whether teens should be able to use mobile phones as they like is a much-discussed issue. On one side, mobile phones do a lot of good for teens. They can talk to their parents, friends, and teachers fast and easy. Also, mobile phones let them get a lot of information. For example, they can use learning apps to pick up new things. On the other side, there are problems. Some teens might be attracted by mobile games or social media. This can mess up their studies and health. They could look at the screen too long and end up with bad eyesight like myopia. What’s more, using mobile phones without limits might show teens some bad or wrong information. All in all, even though mobile phones have good points, we need to make some rules and limits for teens using them. That way, they can use mobile phones well and not get hurt by them. 9．What has become a much-discussed issue? A．Whether teenagers should use mobile phones freely. B．Whether teenagers should have friends. C．Whether teenagers should go to school. D．Whether teenagers should do sports. 10．What is one benefit of mobile phones for teenagers? A．Make teenagers stronger. B．Help teenagers communicate easily. C．Make teenagers more popular. D．Help teenagers sleep better. 11．What can mobile phones let them get? A．Only games. B．Only music. C．Much information. D．Only movies. 12．What is a problem of teenagers using mobile phones? A．They may become addicted to mobile games or social media. B．They may get along better with their parents. C．They may become addicted to reading. D．They may be more interested in sports. 13．What is the author’s conclusion? A．Teenagers should not use mobile phones at all. B．Teenagers should use mobile phones without any limits. C．Let parents decide whether teenagers can use mobile phones. D．Set rules and limits for teenagers’ use of mobile phones. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了青少年使用手机的问题，包括手机对青少年的好处和坏处，并得出结论需要对青少年的手机使用进行一些规则和限制。 9．细节理解题。根据文章首段“But whether teens should be able to use mobile phones as they like is a much-discussed issue.(但青少年是否应该能够随意使用手机是一个备受讨论的问题)”可知，青少年应否能够随意使用手机是一个备受讨论的问题。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They can talk to their parents, friends, and teachers fast and easy.(他们可以快速方便地与父母、朋友和老师聊天)”可推知，手机的好处之一是可以帮助青少年轻松沟通。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Also, mobile phones let them get a lot of information.(另外，手机让他们获得很多信息)”可推知，手机可以让青少年获取很多信息。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some teens might be attracted by mobile games or social media. This can mess up their studies and health.(一些青少年可能会被手机游戏或社交媒体吸引，这会毁掉他们的学习和健康)”可知，青少年使用手机的一个问题是他们可能会因手机游戏或社交媒体上瘾。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“All in all, even though mobile phones have good points, we need to make some rules and limits for teens using them.(总之，尽管手机有很多好处，但我们需要为青少年使用手机制定一些规则和限制)”可推知，作者的结论是应为青少年使用手机制定一些规则和限制。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——自我表达与自我认知 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳·期末） Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 2．How does ChatGPT write poems? A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 3．Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 4．Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A．Acceptable and favorable B．Amazed and admiring C．Indifferent and uncaring D．Doubtful and uneasy 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从自身出发对人工智能创作诗歌这一热点问题进行探讨 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.(像ChatGPT这样的工具似乎已经准备好改变诗歌世界 —— 以及其他许多领域 —— 但诗人也有很多关于人工智能的知识可以教给我们。如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因是诗歌一直是一门算法生意。)”和第二段的“Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints.(即使是最叛逆的诗人也会遵循比他们愿意承认的更多的规则。当学生被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法的约束。)”可知，从第一、二段来看，作者认为人工智能能够写诗部分在于诗歌本身就具有类似算法规则的诗歌规则和结构。即诗歌指南为人工智能的诗歌写作提供了可能性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM).(它基于一种被称为大型语言模型(LLM)的新型人工智能。)”可得知，ChatGPT之所以能获得诗歌的规则，是得到了一个叫做大型语言模型的AI 的技术支持。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段前半部分“When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything.( 当狄金森的一首私人诗让我们觉得诗人直接对我们说话时，我们正在体验一种被称为语言的技术的影响。诗是由纸和墨水构成的——或者，现在是由电和光构成的。没有人“在”狄金森的诗里，就像ChatGPT的一首诗一样。当然，狄金森的每首诗都反映了她创造意义的意图。当ChatGPT把单词放在一起时，它没有任何意图。)”可得知，作者将狄金森的诗歌和 AI 诗歌进行对比，认为两者诗歌虽然都不涉及他人，但前者诗歌有创造意义的意图，而后者没有这种意图而因此是无意义的；根据第四段后半部分“Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.(一些人认为，LLMs的作品因此没有意义，只有表面上的意义。如果我看到天空中有一朵云看起来像长颈鹿，我就会认为这是偶然的相似。同样，这种观点认为，我们应该把ChatGPT的文字仅仅看作是对真实语言的模仿，像云的形状一样毫无意义和随机。)”可得知作者认为 AI 诗歌是去模仿真正的语言，是无意义的、任意的，就如同自己将云看作长颈鹿一样是偶然相似。因此作者通过对比手法用狄金森引出AI 诗歌的无意义，后面用类比的手法用云描述AI 诗歌的无意义，因此推断作者提到狄金森和云是为了他用来形容 AI 诗歌的无意义。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.(当我给朋友们看ChatGPT的十四行诗时，他们说这首诗“没有灵魂，贫瘠”。尽管遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，但这首诗是可以预测的。但是人类的一般十四行诗会更好吗?如果我们现在期望电脑不仅能写诗，而且能写出好诗，那么我们就设定了一个更高的标准。)”可知，作者认为 AI 诗歌尽管是没有灵魂的，贫瘠的，但是人类的诗歌也不会更好，如果我们想要更好的诗歌，我们可以设定更高的标准，因此推断作者认为AI诗歌是可接受，可欣赏的，虽称不上令人惊艳，但也算是达到人的一般水平。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江·期末）To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 5．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 6．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 7．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 8．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论孩子提出的问题与成人世界中的问题差异，引出了如何提出好问题的话题，并强调了提出好问题的重要性以及方法。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal.(在猜测动物时，小孩子可能会问：这是考拉吗？它是一头大象吗？（不是：它是哺乳动物吗？它生活在非洲吗？）这些问题之所以不好，是因为它们不太可能为发现动物的问题提供有效的解决方案)”可知，小孩关于动物的问题被认为是“不好的”，是因为它们无助于找出答案。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、准确的目标。当我们确实有一些实际的目标时，弄清楚它是什么可以成为提出更好问题的第一步)”可知，给人们提问的一个建议方法是明确目标。故选C项。 7．词句猜测题。第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、明确的目标)”和划线词所在句“But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still.(但是，当我们的目标不是实现某些实际目标时，情况就会变得更加_____)”是对第二段中观点“Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair.(不幸的是，在现实世界中提出好问题往往是一件更复杂的事情)”的论述。结合划线词后副词“still(依旧；仍然)”可知，没有实际目标的提问会更复杂，更令人困惑。划线词murkier与more confusing同义，表示“更令人困惑的”。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem.(从幼儿园到高中，孩子们的问题从由自然好奇心驱动转变为由潜在应用驱动。他们往往不是在“表现好奇心”，而是在寻求解决某些实际问题的办法)”和最后一段中“And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals.(我们或许应该重新获得孩子们问题中的一些年轻的好奇心——不一定是通过问考拉和大象的问题，而是通过让我们的一些问题由我们的基本好奇心来引导，而不仅仅是由我们的直接目标来引导)”可推知，作者对于孩子们提问方式的变化持不赞成的态度，认为应该重新获得一些年轻的好奇心，让问题不仅仅由直接目标来引导。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末） There’s no doubt that positive thinking impacts one’s life. However, in recent years, I’ve come to understand that perhaps positive thinking can result in toxic (有毒的) positivity, which has negative results. What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation (确认) . Toxic positivity is the maintenance of positive thinking even in situations where it isn’t appropriate. “It often comes at the risk of denying(否认) our own real feelings or the feelings of others,” says Nina Vasan, MD．While positive thinking in general is a great thing, toxic positivity isn’t. It’s the act of denying anything negative that’s actually happening, and it can involve making people feel bad for having normal human emotions. Someone practicing toxic positivity might say things like “everything happens for a reason” or “just look on the bright side” when a friend shares something difficult in his/her life. Vasan tells us that with toxic positivity, emotions like sorrow and anger are pushed aside. However, emotional validation allows you to have your feelings. To be exact, emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important. That doesn’t mean it promotes and encourages negative thinking endlessly, though. Toxic positivity encourages us to focus only on the positive, which can stop us from dealing with the feelings we need to work through. Practicing emotional validation is a healthier option for you and the ones you love. “This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand you’re really sad’.” explains Vasan. Offering your understanding shows our loved ones that we care about their feelings. Besides, instead of telling someone to look on the bright side, you should offer words and thoughts of support instead. Toxic positivity has become prevalent, and you probably know a lot of people who dismiss your negative experiences with statements like “you’re too sensitive”. Now you can say: Whatever you’re feeling is temporary and allowing yourself to feel it will help you get through it. 9．What is emotional validation? A．Avoiding risks in terrible situations. B．Denying people’s negative feelings. C．Maintaining positive in hard times. D．Accepting emotional ups and downs. 10．What may the author recommend you to say to a sad person? A．Perhaps something fortunate is still waiting for you. B．I’m sure there’s a good reason for what has happened. C．You have every right to feel upset and I am here for you. D．I understand your sadness but being sensitive is no good. 11．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Creative. B．Widespread. C．Challenging. D．Enormous. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．Admitting negativity is reasonable. B．Promoting positivity is worthwhile. C．Sticking to positivity is significant. D．Expressing negativity is inappropriate. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, emotional validation allows you to have your feelings. To be exact, emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important.(然而，情感认可可以让你有自己的感受。确切地说，情感认可让人们体验自己的感受，并承认负面感受是真实的，而且往往很重要。)”可知，情感认可接受情绪的起伏。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now you can say: Whatever you’re feeling is temporary and allowing yourself to feel it will help you get through it.(现在你可以说：你感觉到的一切都是暂时的，允许自己去感受它，这会帮助你渡过它。)”可知，作者认为可以认可对方的负面情绪，让对方去感受自己的负面情绪。根据第四段中的“Besides, instead of telling someone to look on the bright side, you should offer words and thoughts of support instead.(此外，不要告诉别人往好的方面看，你应该用语言和思想来支持他们。)”可知，作者认为要支持情绪低落的人。由此可推测出，C项“你有权利感到沮丧，我在这里陪着你。”最适合对一个悲伤的人说。故选C。 11．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“you probably know a lot of people who dismiss your negative experiences with statements like ‘you’re too sensitive’”可知，有很多人用“你太敏感了”这种话来驳斥你，由此可推测出，有毒的积极性很盛行，prevalent意为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，与widespread(普遍的，广泛的)意思最接近。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“I’ve come to understand that perhaps positive thinking can result in toxic(有毒的) positivity, which has negative results. What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation(确认).（然而，近年来，我逐渐明白，也许积极的想法会导致有毒的积极性，这会产生负面的结果。相反，我们应该追求情感认可。）”可知，本文主要讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。因此，A项“承认负面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——人际沟通与社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・江苏徐州・期末） Brad Thomas, a New York City based recruiter (招聘者), reads hundreds of resumes (简历) every month. Lately he has noticed that along with schools, skills and past employers, people are listing their fitness achievements. More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. “They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,” says Thomas. Eliot Kaplan, a 28-year-old creative, added his Boston Marathon run to his resume when he was looking for a new job. He also spelled out that he played college tennis and completed Spartan races, which are muddy obstacle course runs. The purpose, he says, was to show that he likes to be competitive and takes a work-hard, play-hard attitude toward life. However, not everyone agrees. A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able to go above or beyond because he spent so much time on sports. Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. “It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,” she says. The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles. 1．What is Thomas’ attitude to including fitness achievements? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go above or beyond” probably mean? A．Gain trust. B．Get employed. C．Earn respect. D．Achieve more. 3．Why is Fajardo unwilling to mention her marathon race? A．It is not a satisfying result. B．It is not related to her work. C．It will be unfair for other job hunters. D．It will let out her personal information. 4．Who is most likely to include fitness achievements? A．Senior managers. B．University students. C．College teachers. D．Experienced engineers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了是否在简历中包含运动成就的不同观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. ‘They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,’ says Thomas.(运动成就不仅仅是开启对话的话题，更是一种突出职场重视品质的方式。托马斯说：‘它们能让你的简历更美观，更令人印象深刻。如果你的健身努力与工作相关，那就更好了。’)”可知，Thomas认为运动成就可以美化简历，使其更令人印象深刻，如果健身努力与工作相关就更好了。由此推知，Thomas对在简历中包含运动成就是支持的态度。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able...(一些求职者说，老板可能会担心他做不到)”和后文“because he spent so much time on sports(因为他在运动上花了太多时间)”可推知，老板会担心员工在运动上花了太多时间，所以不能取得更多成就。由此推知，划线短语意思是“取得更多成就”，与Achieve more语意一致。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. ‘It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,’ she says.(32岁的税务顾问卡米尔·法哈多最近参加了芝加哥马拉松比赛，但她说她永远不会把它写在简历上。她说：‘这是个人成就，而不是职业成就。’)”可知，Fajardo不愿意提及她的马拉松比赛，是因为这与她的工作无关。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles.(洛杉矶一家高管猎头公司Norgay Partners的副总裁John Major说，求职者的职位越高，他们就越不可能在简历中包含健身或任何非工作兴趣)”可知，职位越高的人越不可能在简历中包含健身成就。由此推知，还未进入职场的大学生最有可能在简历中包含运动成就。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州遵义·期末） Have you taken a gap day before? It’s a new concept on social media recently, different from a gap year. A gap day means an extremely brief period of relaxation and escape from everyday routine. After resting, people will continue to bury themselves in the busy pace of normal life. Apart from gap days, other similar expressions have made a hit on the Internet, like city walk, dazi and so on. This growing trend of creating new phrases for something otherwise ordinary and common has caused heated discussion. Some people think these kinds of new phrases better please people’s mindsets, showing their enthusiasm. “For example, the common expression taking a walk is neutral (中性的). Now city walk is the positive version of it, meaning ‘to explore the city with a curious mind’,” Zhou Yaokai, an 18-year-old from China West Normal University, said. “It’s the same with gap day. Instead of lying flat, people are actively trying to balance their stress and life, which is a good approach.” Others disagree, however, and think that it’s simply just a kind of “sugaring up”, satisfying one’s need for showing off. For example, city walk is the same as taking a walk basically. But by calling it a city walk, people feel like they are doing something fancier than it actually is, said Wu Ruilin, an 18-year-old from Chengdu. He is concerned that the promotion of such fancy phrases may cover the risks behind it, such as security. For example, as the term dazi gains popularity on social media, some young people are searching for dazi in different life aspects that are normally enjoyed alone or with close friends, like traveling and games. “They may have forgotten and ignored that most dazi are just strangers who share similar interests. That may bring problems for us,” said Wu. Despite different views, they have already taken root in our daily lives. So what we need to do is keep a level head and don’t overemphasize them. 5．What can be concluded about gap day from the text? A．It refreshes people in busy life. B．It is a long vacation for people to relax. C．It went viral several years ago. D．It is a new lifestyle replacing the old one. 6．Why do people prefer these newly-created phrases? A．They could attract people’s attention. B．They are neutral and objective. C．They could rid people of stressful life. D．They show people’s passion for life. 7．What does the underlined phrase “sugaring up” probably mean? A．Covering something against the truth. B．Making something look or sound better. C．Covering something with layers of sugar. D．Making something easier to understand. 8．What does Wu Ruilin think of the new phrases? A．They may cause people to be over-confident. B．They are useful for people to show their creativity. C．They are fancier phrases than they actually are. D．They may mislead people and bring potential risks. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，阐述了社交媒体上出现的一些新词汇如“gap day”等引发的热议，有人认为这些新词汇体现人们的积极心态，也有人认为这是一种过度美化，可能带来风险。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A gap day means an extremely brief period of relaxation and escape from everyday routine. After resting, people will continue to bury themselves in the busy pace of normal life(gap day意味着从日常生活中短暂地放松和逃离。休息之后，人们将继续投入到忙碌的正常生活节奏中)”可知，gap day能让忙碌生活中的人们得到放松。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some people think these kinds of new phrases better please people’s mindsets, showing their enthusiasm.(一些人认为这些新短语更好地迎合了人们的心态，显示出他们的热情)”可知，人们喜欢这些新创造的短语是因为它们显示出人们对生活的热情。故选D项。 7．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Others disagree, however, and think that it’s simply just a kind of “sugaring up”, satisfying one’s need for showing off. For example, city walk is the same as taking a walk basically. But by calling it a city walk, people feel like they are doing something fancier than it actually is(然而，其他人不同意，他们认为这只是一种“sugaring up”，满足某人炫耀的需求。例如，city walk基本上和散步是一样的。但是通过称其为city walk，人们感觉他们正在做比实际更高级的事情)”可知city walk基本上和散步是一样的，但是通过称其为city walk，人们感觉他们正在做比实际更高级的事情，可推理出这里是说这些新词汇让原本普通的事情看起来更好，所以“sugaring up”的意思是使某事看起来或听起来更好。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He is concerned that the promotion of such fancy phrases may cover the risks behind it, such as security.(他担心这种华丽辞藻的推广可能掩盖其背后的风险，如安全风险)”可知，Wu Ruilin认为这些新短语可能误导人们并带来潜在风险。故选D项。 Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・广东深圳・期末） One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 9．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 10．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 11．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 12．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了一个关于飞机上中间座位的讨论，许多人表示，大多数乘坐飞机的人无法理解为什么有人会选择中间的座位，而不是靠窗或靠过道的座位。但在大多数人中，出现了一些支持中间席位的人。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want?(最近推特上的一个主角是一名男子，他在飞机上选择坐在一对夫妇中间的座位，而不是挪到旁边。这种情况引发了一些问题：这些爱坐在中间的人是谁？他们想要什么？)”可推知，作者通过提供一个不寻常的座位选择开始这篇文章。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.”(“在中间的座位上，我觉得我不会朝这边或那边倾斜，通常坐得很舒服，”一个人写道。另一个人补充道：“我不会被过道上走过的人或行李撞到。”)”可知，后文列举了两个支持中间座位的人，故划线词意思是“支持”。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.”(作为三个孩子的母亲，“拥有私人空间是一个遥远的记忆。她说。“中间座位的责任最少，”她写道。“我不能控制窗帘，出去或上厕所只需要经过一个人。”)”可知，萨曼莎喜欢中间的座位是为了减少不必要的麻烦。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.”(他补充说：“人们真的很在乎‘中间座位’，所以他们更有可能在拿起这本杂志时看到它。”)”可知，斯科特选择“中间座位”作为他日记的名字是为了吸引读者的眼球。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——哲学思考与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・北京朝阳・期末） “If you can in one day renew yourself, do so everyday”, declared Shang Dynasty founder Cheng Tang. This is a nice motto to live by, and certainly more romantic than American poet Ezra Pound’s “Make it New”, a catchphrase of the modernist movement. Most of us tend to fight change and seek stability, yet as French philosopher Henry Bergson notes, “life is endlessly continued creation.” We notice change only when it’s sudden and final, like when we change careers, or sell our forever home. But Bergson argues that change is everlasting, not just in these moments. Our past follows us at every instant and leans over the present, and the direction it takes is “new, unique, and unforeseen”. It is a comforting thought that we press upon our future at every moment in totally novel ways. But it also helps explain the quiet sadness we feel when life is going well, just like trying to hold onto sand falling through one’s fingers. Bergson didn’t like “clock time” — the mechanical ticking of seconds. He preferred “duration”, where time flows continuously, rather than a series of separated moments. We are the dancer who moves through time, making it up as she goes along. Ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus acknowledged that the only unchanging force in life is change. Driving this process of change is the tension of opposites such as life and death, day and night, wet and dry. Struggle and disagreement are important to the creation of new things; creativity arises from the dynamic interplay of opposing forces. Similarly, the Taiji (Yin-Yang symbol) represents such interplay. Yin is connected with qualities like darkness, the moon, and the earth. Yang is connected with qualities such as light, the sun, and heaven. The combined pattern indicates that they are interdependent, out of which arises a stable balance. Like most crossroads in life — “Should I put my money in a high- risk investment or play it safe?”, or “Should I settle down or keep exploring?” — the internal struggle is full of tension. But it's this tension that brings about new ideas, new plans, new destiny. Pound’s cry to “Make it New” is happening to us whether we like it or not. We have no choice but to ride along this current of never-ending newness. As Alan Watts says, “The only way to make sense out of change is to dive into it, move with it, and join the dance.” 1．According to the passage, Henri Bergson believes ________. A．change in life comes from major events B．time is best understood as a series of fixed points C．our past shapes the present and future unpredictably D．“clock time” can explain the interplay of opposing forces 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Tension of opposites generates creativity. B．True existence lies in stability and control. C．“Make it new” promotes seeking a new lifestyle. D．The independence of Yin and Yang leads to balance. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Striking a Balance: Flowing with the Present B．The Current of Newness: Fighting Opposing Forces C．The Dance of Change: Welcoming Daily Renewal D．Enlightening the Future: Returning to Ancient Wisdom 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章探讨了变化的本质及其对人生的影响，作者认为时间并非是线性的，而是像舞蹈一样，过去影响现在和未来，变化是永恒的，而对立的张力（例如阴与阳、生与死）是创造力的源泉，最后呼应Pound“创造新事物”的理念，鼓励人们拥抱变化。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Our past follows us at every instant and leans over the present, and the direction it takes is “new, unique, and unforeseen”.(我们的过去每时每刻都跟随着我们，并向现在倾斜，它所采取的方向是“新的，独特的，不可预测的”)”可知，Henri Bergson认为我们的过去以不可预测的方式塑造了现在和未来，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Struggle and disagreement are important to the creation of new things; creativity arises from the dynamic interplay of opposing forces.(斗争和分歧对于创造新事物很重要；创造力来自于对立力量的动态相互作用)”可知，对立的张力产生创造力，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“If you can in one day renew yourself, do so everyday(如果你能在一天内更新自己，那么每天都这样做)”和最后一段“Pound’s cry to “Make it New” is happening to us whether we like it or not. We have no choice but to ride along this current of never-ending newness. As Alan Watts says, “The only way to make sense out of change is to dive into it, move with it, and join the dance.”(不管我们喜欢与否，Pound所呼吁的“创新”正在发生在我们身上。我们别无选择，只能顺势而行，永不停息。正如Alan Watts所说：“从变化中获得意义的唯一方法就是深入其中，与之共舞。”)”可知，文章探讨了变化的本质及其对人生的影响，作者认为时间并非是线性的，而是像舞蹈一样，过去影响现在和未来，变化是永恒的，而对立的张力（例如阴与阳、生与死）是创造力的源泉，最后呼应Pound“创造新事物”的理念，鼓励人们拥抱变化。C项“变化之舞：欢迎每日更新”最适合作为标题，呼应文章积极接纳并融入持续变化的动态过程中的主题，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・贵州贵阳・期末） In a world full of connections, we need a variety of ways to deal with the pressures so that we sense that we are able to control our life. Otherwise we may feel overloaded, and feel like we can never catch up. As far as I'm concerned, one of the best ways is by seeking and enjoying solitude (独处). Solitude is often misunderstood as loneliness. Loneliness is a negative state, marked by a sense of isolation (孤立). One feels that something is missing. It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely — the most bitter form of loneliness. Solitude is the state of being alone without feeling lonely. It is a positive and constructive state of understanding oneself deeply. Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself with wonderful and enough company. Solitude is something you choose, while loneliness is imposed on you by others. Solitude provides the necessary space for self-reflection, which is important for personal growth. Without distractions (使人分心的事), individuals can reflect upon their goals, values, and actions. Moreover, solitude helps individuals develop emotional adaptability and independence. When people spend time alone, they learn to rely on their own thoughts and decisions rather than constantly seeking help and advice from others. This encourages self-confidence and a deeper understanding of their inner selves. Solitude can also improve productivity and creativity. Free from the interruptions (打扰) of modern life, individuals often find themselves more focused and creative. Some argue that too much solitude may lead to social withdrawal (不合群) or a lack of social skills. While this is a reasonable concern, intentional solitude differs from isolation. Keeping a balance between solitude and social interaction ensures individuals grow both personally and socially. 4．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By describing a process. B．By giving examples. C．By making a comparison. D．By presenting general rules. 5．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 2 mean? A．is forced upon B．is explained to C．is designed for D．is promised to 6．What can solitude affect us according to the text? A．It can bring us a sense of loneliness. B．It enables us to rely more on others. C．It can cause a lack of creativity in us. D．It enables us to reflect on ourselves. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The forms of solitude. B．The benefits of solitude. C．The problems of solitude. D．The principles of solitude. 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“独处”这一主题展开，探讨了独处的意义、与孤独的区别、对个人成长的作用以及如何平衡独处与社交等话题。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Solitude is often misunderstood as loneliness. Loneliness is a negative state, marked by a sense of isolation (孤立). One feels that something is missing. It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely—perhaps the most bitter form of loneliness. Solitude is the state of being alone without feeling lonely. It is a positive and constructive state of understanding oneself deeply. Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself with wonderful and enough company. Solitude is something you choose. While loneliness is imposed on you by others. (独处常常被误解为孤独。孤独是一种消极的状态，其特征是有孤立感。人们会觉得缺少了些什么。即便身处人群之中，也仍有可能感到孤独——这或许是最痛苦的孤独形式。独处则是一种虽独自一人却不感到孤独的状态。它是一种积极且富有建设性的状态，能让人深刻地了解自己。独处是令人向往的，在这种独自一人的状态下，你能给自己提供美妙且充足的陪伴。独处是你主动选择的，而孤独是他人强加于你的。)”可知，第二段首先阐述了孤独是一种消极状态，其特点是有孤立感，即使与人在一起也可能感到孤独，这是孤独最痛苦的形式；然后讲述独处是独自一人却不感到孤独的状态，是积极且有建设性的，能让人深入了解自己，是自己主动选择的。由此可知，第二段主要通过对比独处和孤独这两个容易混淆的概念来展开的。故选C。 5．词句猜测题。根据上文“Solitude is something you choose(独处是你选择的)”可知，独处是自己的选择。接着说“while loneliness is imposed on you by others”，而“while”表示对比，说明孤独与独处不同，结合“by others(被他人)”，可以推断出孤独是被他人施加的。选项A“is forced upon”，意为“强加于”，符合语境中孤独是被他人施加的意思。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Solitude provides the necessary space for self-reflection, which is important for personal growth.(独处为自我反思提供了必要的空间，这对个人成长至关重要。)”可知，独处为自我反思提供了必要空间，能让我们反思自己。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Otherwise we may feel overloaded, and feel like we can never catch up. As far as I'm concerned, one of the best ways is by seeking and enjoying solitude (独处) .(否则，我们可能会感到不堪重负，觉得永远都无法跟上节奏。在我看来，最佳方式之一就是寻求并享受独处。)”、第二段“It is a positive and constructive state of understanding oneself deeply. Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself with wonderful and enough company.(它是一种积极且富有建设性的状态，能让人深刻地了解自己。独处是令人向往的，在这种独自一人的状态下，你能给自己提供美妙且充足的陪伴。)”、第三段“Solitude provides the necessary space for self-reflection, which is important for personal growth.(独处为自我反思提供了必要的空间，这对个人成长至关重要。)”可知，文章开篇指出在充满联系的世界中，享受独处是应对压力的好方法。接着第二段区分了独处与孤独的概念。第三段着重阐述了独处对个人成长的诸多益处，如提供自我反思空间、培养情绪适应能力和独立性、提高效率和创造力等。由此可知，文章主要围绕独处的益处展开。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期末） We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human. Indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman sat beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest (羚羊) out there, our ancestors had learned the value of sending out pioneers to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor navigate the subways of New York. Over the years, we’ve come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed — different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely “well-travelled”, even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions — whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer — borders of the unknown are being tested each day. Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognize because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller “who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people”. Here is how some of today’s ‘explorers’ define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the “greatest living explorer”, said, “An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before — and also done something scientifically useful.” Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: “You have to have gone somewhere new.” Then Robin Hanbury Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called “tribal” peoples, said, “A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world.” Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia’s Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, “If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.” To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery. Each definition is slightly different and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel o discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings. 8．The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that A．exploration is an inner element of being human. B．most people are not enthusiastic about exploring. C．exploration fails to lead to surprising results. D．most people find exploration frustrating. 9．According to the passage, what is the writer’s view of explorers? A．Their discoveries have brought both benefits and disadvantages. B．Their main value is in teaching others. C．They act on an urge that is common to everyone. D．They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than to others. 10．The writer refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest that A．Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration. B．Hardy was mistaken about the nature of exploration. C．Hardy’s aim was to investigate people’s emotional states. D．Hardy’s aim was to show the attraction of isolation. 11．When discussing the definition of exploration, the writer argues that A．people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests. B．certain people are likely to misunderstand the nature of exploration. C．the generally accepted definition has changed over time. D．historians and scientists have more valid definitions than the general public. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了探索是人类的本能，不同职业的人对“探索”有不同定义，且往往与自身职业相关。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borne, and a visitor navigate the subways of New York.(我们这种探索的天性无疑帮助我们人类遍布全球，就像如今它无疑帮助最后的游牧民族彭南人在婆罗洲资源枯竭的森林中生存下来，也帮助游客在纽约的地铁中穿梭一样)”可知，前文提出探索是人类的天性，然后列举了游牧民族彭南人在婆罗洲资源枯竭的森林中生存下来和游客在纽约的地铁中穿梭两个例子。由此推知，作者提及游客在纽约的地铁中穿梭是为了证明探索是人类的天性。故选A项。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“That, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions — whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer — borders of the unknown are being tested each day.(然而，这并不能改变一个事实：即使在今天，我们所有人都有这种探索的本能；而且在各种职业中——无论是艺术家、海洋生物学家还是天文学家——每天都在挑战未知的边界)”可知，所有人都有探索的本能，各种职业的人每天都在挑战未知的边界。由此推知，作者认为探险家的行为冲动是每个人都具有的。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognize because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses.(Thomas Hardy将他的一些小说背景设定在埃格敦荒原，一个虚构的未开垦地区，并利用这片风景来暗示他笔下人物的欲望和恐惧。他在探究我们都能理解的事情，因为这些是人类共有的。这无疑是一种探索行为，进入作者选择的遥远世界。)”可知，埃格敦荒原是一个虚构的未开垦地区，象征着他笔下人物的欲望和恐惧，表明Hardy的目的是探究人们的情感状态，这也是一种探索。由此可知，作者提到哈代对荒原的描述是为了表明哈代旨在研究人类的情感状态。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Each definition is slightly different and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting edge scientist would say it was of the present.(每个定义都略有不同，并且往往反映了每个先驱者的努力领域。无论我问谁都是如此：著名的历史学家会说探索是过去的事情，前沿的科学家会说探索是当下的事情)”可知，不同的人对探索有不同的定义，作者认为不同领域的人会根据自己的职业兴趣定义探索的含义。由此可知，作者认为人们倾向于将探索与自己的职业兴趣联系起来。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与太空探索 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·安徽·期末） For those of us who grew up watching Star Trek, exploring space has been about discovering strange new worlds. And there are plenty of worlds to explore in time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away. What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth. From space, we can monitor, manage and care for our planet. Satellite-based sensors show us the short- and long-term effects of human activity on our environment. Many companies are using their interest in space to help solve problems here, from using hyperspectral imaging(高光谱成像), which enable us to map vegetation(植被) and rain forests, to microsatellites that provide global connectivity for the network of things. My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. The Internet has become our economic lifeblood. And yet, nearly half of the world’s population doesn’t have Internet access. Space is playing a key role in bridging this digital divide. OneWeb is launching 1,980 satellites to help bring Internet access to people everywhere, and our first production satellites are already flying in space and have shown very high download speeds. Fiber and cable Internet access technologies already cover most financially viable(可行的) major cities. Similarly, these regions will also be the first to be served with 5G. Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty. OneWeb’s satellites will reach every community in the world and enable equal access to the Internet for the world’s less developed places. Fifty years from the day when man first walked on the moon, we are still only approaching the possible. There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Benefits space exploration can bring to us. B．Problems space exploration leads to. C．Steps of space exploration requires. D．Equipment space exploration needs. 2．What is OneWeb aiming to do? A．Increase download speeds. B．Narrow the gap in Internet learning. C．Help people set up and maintain a website. D．Enable people to make use of the Internet equally. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．More than six decades ago, man first walked on the moon. B．More than half of the world’s people have no access to the Internet. C．OneWeb’s satellites will make it possible for most people to be served with 5G. D．Without the Internet, poor communities can hardly help themselves out of poverty. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write about in the following paragraph? A．The risks of furthering space exploration. B．The value of setting up space stations. C．The way we could monitor our earth. D．The features of microsatellites. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了我们在太空中取得的进步给地球带来了难以置信的好处，但我们仍然需要谨慎。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth.(我们今天在太空中所做的一切，在地球上此时此地正在提供令人难以置信的好处。)”并结合下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了太空探索带来的好处。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. (我的公司OneWeb正专注于我认为是世界上最重要的问题之一：平等访问互联网的需要。)”可知，OneWeb致力于让人们能够拥有平等使用互联网的机会。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty.(贫困社区是最后一个建立连接的社区，如果没有连接，这些社区就没有机会摆脱贫困。)”可推出，如果没有网络，贫困社区很难摆脱贫困。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully.(未来几年，将有数以万计的新卫星、空间站和工厂，为通信、科学研究、地球监测、太空探索等领域带来进步。这是令人兴奋的，但我们必须谨慎地采取行动。)”可知，作者在文章最后提到，虽然未来我们将继续在太空中取得进度，但我们需要谨慎采取行动，由此可推测，接下来可能会讲述进一步探索太空有可能遇到的风险，这属于导致要谨慎行动的潜在因素。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东德州·期末） As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 5．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 7．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 8．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章分析了人工智能对园艺工作带来的好处和负面影响，表达了园艺工作者应该在接受创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡的观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients.(通过分析放置在花园里的各种传感器的数据，人工智能系统可以确定每种植物的特定需求，如光、水和营养。)”可知，人工智能对每一株植物的个性化的护理是基于传感器的数据。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening.(随着人工智能的不断发展，我们可以期待在园艺领域有更多创新的应用。)”等内容可知，第四段主要叙述了人工智能在园艺领域的未来发展。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution.(虽然人工智能为家庭园丁提供了许多好处，但谨慎对待这项技术很重要。)”可知，作者认为人工智能对园艺领域能够带来很多好处，但需要谨慎对待，所以持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge.(因此，对于园丁来说，在接受这些创新和保护传统知识之间保持平衡是至关重要的。)”可知，作者认为在园艺领域应用人工智能这些创新技术时，要注意保持与保护传统知识之间的平衡，也就是要正确地应用人工智能技术，所以作者接下来可能会谈论在园艺领域如何正确应用人工智能。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期末） July 20th, 2009 was the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11’s historic flight to the moon, where astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first human beings to walk on the moon. 40 years ago, space flight inspired such awe(敬畏) that astronauts were honoured as heroes and celebrities. 40 years later none of us, besides space fanatic(狂热者), would likely to be able to name one astronaut in service today. I got to thinking about the importance of continuing space exploration. I hear many people criticize the importance of NASA and space flight, most saying that it is a waste of time, and more importantly money. I disagree with such assessments. Space exploration is important not only to humanity’s curiosity of the great beyond, but it is also important for the future of the earth and all of us living on it. The Apollo missions inspired a whole generation of kids who wanted to grow up to be astronauts, rocket scientists, and engineers. We all know that science education has been slightly lacking in the United States as of late. Don’t you think that NASA’ return, to the moon, or more importantly the much anticipated manned mission to Mars will again inspire a whole new generation to reach for the stars so to speak? I do. You would think that the guys who burn a million pounds of rocket fuel wouldn’t be the most environmentally minded people in the world. However, most people don't know that NASA does a lot of good environmental research while they are up there looking down at all of us. NASA has done a lot of work in studying air quality, climate change alternative(可供替代的) energy, and near earth objects, which as we all know from the movies can destroy the earth any day now without warning, unless we have a group of oil drillers, a nuke, and Bruce Willis. We cannot ignore the importance of space exploration, nor be complacent(自满的) in its meaning to all of us. I hope space exploration can continue to inspire, educate, and provide for us in the next 40 years as it has the last 40 years. 9．What can we learn from the text? A．Armstrong was the first man to fly in space in the world. B．Science education for American students is highly developed. C．The author considers space flight as a waste of money and time. D．People today won’t admire astronauts as much as they did 40 years ago. 10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Space exploration. B．NASA． C．Money. D．Humanity. 11．How does NASA make a difference to the environment? A．By burning less rocket fuel. B．By finding greener energy. C．By changing climate. D．By making space movies. 12．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Be an Astronaut. B．Where to Study Flight C．Why to Explore Space. D．How to Do Space Research. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中主要论述了太空探索的意义和重要性。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“40 years ago, space flight inspired such awe that astronauts were honoured as heroes and celebrities. 40 years later none of us, besides space fanatic, would likely to be able to name one astronaut in service today.（40年前，宇航员被人们视为英雄和名人，而40年后的今天，除了一些太空狂热者外，无人能说出现役的宇航员名字。）” 可知，今天的人们不如40年前的人们那样崇拜宇航员。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Space exploration is important not only to humanity’s curiosity of the great beyond, but it is also important for the future of the earth and all of us living on it.（太空探索不仅对人类对外太空的好奇心很重要，而且对地球的未来和我们所生活在地球上的所有人也很重要。）”可推知，画线词it指代的是太空探索。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“NASA has done a lot of work in studying air quality, climate change, alternative energy, and near earth objects, which as we all know from the movies can destroy the earth any day now without warning, unless we have a group of oil drillers, a nuke, and Bruce Willis.( NASA在研究空气质量、气候变化、替代能源和近地天体方面做了大量工作，正如我们从电影中知道的那样，近地天体可以在没有任何预警的情况下随时摧毁地球，除非我们有一群钻井工人、一枚核武器和布鲁斯·威利斯。)” 可知，NASA在环境保护方面也做了很多工作，比如研究替代能源。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。通读文章并结合后四段内容可知，本文中作者着重介绍继续太空探索的意义和重要性，即为什么要进行太空探索。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 （议论文） 主题01 人与自然——生物多样性与生态平衡 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・广西钦州・期末） We all experience the presence of wild animals in our daily lives, whether it is the song of a garden bird or the fish on our plate. It’s important to consider the key role that the surprising diversity (多样性) of wild animals plays in our own survival. From the powerful whale to the small dung beetle, wild animals are all important pieces that make up life on the earth. Wildlife helps most trees grow by spreading seeds (种子), and they also help many of our food plants. They keep our forests strong, so they can hold a lot of carbon. A large number of animals move nutrients (养分) around in nature, which is good for industries like fisheries, and help prevent tipping points in places like the Amazon. Small animals underground, like soil helpers, make food grow better and stop flooding. We risk our own survival if we lose these wild species. And it is not just important that they exist — their diversity is especially important. We need wildlife to interact with other animals and their habitats for effective ecological benefits. Understanding the importance of wild animal species makes much sense. The 2024 Living Planet Report showed a 73% average drop in wild vertebrate species since 1970. The Nature’s Technicians report makes it clear why these falls are disastrous not only for wildlife but also for people. These two reports arrived at just the right moment. Countries will have an important talk soon about how to stop and fix the damage to nature, discussing what each country should do and what help is needed worldwide, under the Convention on Biological Diversity. What more of a wake-up call do we need than understanding that the fall in wild animals is more serious than expected and that such results could threaten our food systems and economies? Let’s ensure that this international conference is remembered as the important moment when we come together for a better planet — for wildlife and people alike. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The number of diverse species. B．The important role of wildlife. C．The practical way to save animals. D．The damage caused by flooding. 2．Why does the author mention the two reports in the text? A．To stress the need to protect wildlife. B．To recommend popular magazines. C．To express his views on the diversity of wildlife. D．To compare the difference between plants and animals. 3．What does the author expect us to do? A．Reduce the threat to our food systems. B．Get into important talks as often as we can. C．Share what we have learned with our friends. D．Build a healthy earth that supports animals and humans. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Protecting our food systems makes a difference B．Improving the wild species matters a lot C．Leave more spaces, save more wildlife D．Save wild species, save ourselves Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・山东德州・期末）As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 5．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 7．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 8．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. Passage 3 （23-24高一上·北京东城·期末） Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 9．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 10．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 11．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. 主题02 人与社会——人际交往与社会管理 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末） Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Larger numbers are a measure of career success: managers get promoted by taking on more reports, running higher budgets and earning bigger salaries. Companies are not always against subtraction (减法) . Though not a welcome one, reducing costs is a necessary part of management, which is often undervalued. The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means clearing time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses, but only some of them are useful. Shopify, an e-commerce company, began the year by subtracting 12,000 meetings from their schedules, and reported a rise in productivity as a result. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions (干扰) . It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important parts. Peter Drucker, a management theorist, was a supporter of  “planned subtraction” , so that resources that are tied up in minor activities are freed for more profitable use. Bosses should, he advised, always ask the same question of every detail of the company: “If we did not do this, would it be any different?” In The Case for Good Jobs, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make sense. Costco, a famous American supermarket that believes in the “smart loss of sales”, has purposely limited product choices. That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. “Less” may not sound like a great result for customers, but at some point choice is deeply tiring. When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch the same film twice, few choices seem pretty attractive. 5．Why does the author mention the company Shopify in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To support an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 6．Which statement does Peter Drucker most likely agree with? A．Companies should quit unpromising tasks. B．Bosses should give up profits for resources. C．Bosses shouldn’t remove everyday distractions. D．Companies should focus on some unfinished work. 7．Which of the following measures is regarded as effective “doing less” commercially? A．Stores give customers more time to shop. B．Cinemas run only one particular film a day. C．Streaming websites upload more new movies. D．Supermarkets offer a limited variety of goods. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．The best companies celebrate addition. B．The best bosses know how to subtract work. C．Companies use numbers to measure success. D．Smart bosses go against the idea of subtraction. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·重庆长寿·期末） In this digital time, mobile phones are a must-have for teenagers. But whether teens should be able to use mobile phones as they like is a much-discussed issue. On one side, mobile phones do a lot of good for teens. They can talk to their parents, friends, and teachers fast and easy. Also, mobile phones let them get a lot of information. For example, they can use learning apps to pick up new things. On the other side, there are problems. Some teens might be attracted by mobile games or social media. This can mess up their studies and health. They could look at the screen too long and end up with bad eyesight like myopia. What’s more, using mobile phones without limits might show teens some bad or wrong information. All in all, even though mobile phones have good points, we need to make some rules and limits for teens using them. That way, they can use mobile phones well and not get hurt by them. 9．What has become a much-discussed issue? A．Whether teenagers should use mobile phones freely. B．Whether teenagers should have friends. C．Whether teenagers should go to school. D．Whether teenagers should do sports. 10．What is one benefit of mobile phones for teenagers? A．Make teenagers stronger. B．Help teenagers communicate easily. C．Make teenagers more popular. D．Help teenagers sleep better. 11．What can mobile phones let them get? A．Only games. B．Only music. C．Much information. D．Only movies. 12．What is a problem of teenagers using mobile phones? A．They may become addicted to mobile games or social media. B．They may get along better with their parents. C．They may become addicted to reading. D．They may be more interested in sports. 13．What is the author’s conclusion? A．Teenagers should not use mobile phones at all. B．Teenagers should use mobile phones without any limits. C．Let parents decide whether teenagers can use mobile phones. D．Set rules and limits for teenagers’ use of mobile phones. 主题03 人与自我——自我表达与自我认知 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳·期末） Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should  regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 2．How does ChatGPT write poems? A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 3．Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 4．Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A．Acceptable and favorable B．Amazed and admiring C．Indifferent and uncaring D．Doubtful and uneasy Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江·期末）To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 5．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 6．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 7．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 8．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末） There’s no doubt that positive thinking impacts one’s life. However, in recent years, I’ve come to understand that perhaps positive thinking can result in toxic (有毒的) positivity, which has negative results. What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation (确认) . Toxic positivity is the maintenance of positive thinking even in situations where it isn’t appropriate. “It often comes at the risk of denying(否认) our own real feelings or the feelings of others,” says Nina Vasan, MD．While positive thinking in general is a great thing, toxic positivity isn’t. It’s the act of denying anything negative that’s actually happening, and it can involve making people feel bad for having normal human emotions. Someone practicing toxic positivity might say things like “everything happens for a reason” or “just look on the bright side” when a friend shares something difficult in his/her life. Vasan tells us that with toxic positivity, emotions like sorrow and anger are pushed aside. However, emotional validation allows you to have your feelings. To be exact, emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important. That doesn’t mean it promotes and encourages negative thinking endlessly, though. Toxic positivity encourages us to focus only on the positive, which can stop us from dealing with the feelings we need to work through. Practicing emotional validation is a healthier option for you and the ones you love. “This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand you’re really sad’.” explains Vasan. Offering your understanding shows our loved ones that we care about their feelings. Besides, instead of telling someone to look on the bright side, you should offer words and thoughts of support instead. Toxic positivity has become prevalent, and you probably know a lot of people who dismiss your negative experiences with statements like “you’re too sensitive”. Now you can say: Whatever you’re feeling is temporary and allowing yourself to feel it will help you get through it. 9．What is emotional validation? A．Avoiding risks in terrible situations. B．Denying people’s negative feelings. C．Maintaining positive in hard times. D．Accepting emotional ups and downs. 10．What may the author recommend you to say to a sad person? A．Perhaps something fortunate is still waiting for you. B．I’m sure there’s a good reason for what has happened. C．You have every right to feel upset and I am here for you. D．I understand your sadness but being sensitive is no good. 11．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Creative. B．Widespread. C．Challenging. D．Enormous. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．Admitting negativity is reasonable. B．Promoting positivity is worthwhile. C．Sticking to positivity is significant. D．Expressing negativity is inappropriate. 主题01 人与社会——人际沟通与社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・江苏徐州・期末） Brad Thomas, a New York City based recruiter (招聘者), reads hundreds of resumes (简历) every month. Lately he has noticed that along with schools, skills and past employers, people are listing their fitness achievements. More than a conversation starter, sports achievements can be a way to highlight workplace-valued qualities. “They help beautify your resume and make it more impressive. And it would be better if your fitness efforts are related to the job,” says Thomas. Eliot Kaplan, a 28-year-old creative, added his Boston Marathon run to his resume when he was looking for a new job. He also spelled out that he played college tennis and completed Spartan races, which are muddy obstacle course runs. The purpose, he says, was to show that he likes to be competitive and takes a work-hard, play-hard attitude toward life. However, not everyone agrees. A few job applicants said bosses might worry that he wasn’t able to go above or beyond because he spent so much time on sports. Kamille Fajardo, a 32-year-old tax adviser, recently ran the Chicago Marathon but says she would never add it to a resume. “It’s a personal achievement rather than a professional one,” she says. The more senior the job seeker, the less likely they are to include fitness — or any nonwork interests — on their resume, says John Major, vice president of Norgay Partners, an executive search firm in Los Angeles. 1．What is Thomas’ attitude to including fitness achievements? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go above or beyond” probably mean? A．Gain trust. B．Get employed. C．Earn respect. D．Achieve more. 3．Why is Fajardo unwilling to mention her marathon race? A．It is not a satisfying result. B．It is not related to her work. C．It will be unfair for other job hunters. D．It will let out her personal information. 4．Who is most likely to include fitness achievements? A．Senior managers. B．University students. C．College teachers. D．Experienced engineers. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·贵州遵义·期末） Have you taken a gap day before? It’s a new concept on social media recently, different from a gap year. A gap day means an extremely brief period of relaxation and escape from everyday routine. After resting, people will continue to bury themselves in the busy pace of normal life. Apart from gap days, other similar expressions have made a hit on the Internet, like city walk, dazi and so on. This growing trend of creating new phrases for something otherwise ordinary and common has caused heated discussion. Some people think these kinds of new phrases better please people’s mindsets, showing their enthusiasm. “For example, the common expression taking a walk is neutral (中性的). Now city walk is the positive version of it, meaning ‘to explore the city with a curious mind’,” Zhou Yaokai, an 18-year-old from China West Normal University, said. “It’s the same with gap day. Instead of lying flat, people are actively trying to balance their stress and life, which is a good approach.” Others disagree, however, and think that it’s simply just a kind of “sugaring up”, satisfying one’s need for showing off. For example, city walk is the same as taking a walk basically. But by calling it a city walk, people feel like they are doing something fancier than it actually is, said Wu Ruilin, an 18-year-old from Chengdu. He is concerned that the promotion of such fancy phrases may cover the risks behind it, such as security. For example, as the term dazi gains popularity on social media, some young people are searching for dazi in different life aspects that are normally enjoyed alone or with close friends, like traveling and games. “They may have forgotten and ignored that most dazi are just strangers who share similar interests. That may bring problems for us,” said Wu. Despite different views, they have already taken root in our daily lives. So what we need to do is keep a level head and don’t overemphasize them. 5．What can be concluded about gap day from the text? A．It refreshes people in busy life. B．It is a long vacation for people to relax. C．It went viral several years ago. D．It is a new lifestyle replacing the old one. 6．Why do people prefer these newly-created phrases? A．They could attract people’s attention. B．They are neutral and objective. C．They could rid people of stressful life. D．They show people’s passion for life. 7．What does the underlined phrase “sugaring up” probably mean? A．Covering something against the truth. B．Making something look or sound better. C．Covering something with layers of sugar. D．Making something easier to understand. 8．What does Wu Ruilin think of the new phrases? A．They may cause people to be over-confident. B．They are useful for people to show their creativity. C．They are fancier phrases than they actually are. D．They may mislead people and bring potential risks. Passage 3 （23-24 高一上・广东深圳・期末） One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 9．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 10．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 11．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 12．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. 主题02 人与自我——哲学思考与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25 高一上・北京朝阳・期末） “If you can in one day renew yourself, do so everyday”, declared Shang Dynasty founder Cheng Tang. This is a nice motto to live by, and certainly more romantic than American poet Ezra Pound’s “Make it New”, a catchphrase of the modernist movement. Most of us tend to fight change and seek stability, yet as French philosopher Henry Bergson notes, “life is endlessly continued creation.” We notice change only when it’s sudden and final, like when we change careers, or sell our forever home. But Bergson argues that change is everlasting, not just in these moments. Our past follows us at every instant and leans over the present, and the direction it takes is “new, unique, and unforeseen”. It is a comforting thought that we press upon our future at every moment in totally novel ways. But it also helps explain the quiet sadness we feel when life is going well, just like trying to hold onto sand falling through one’s fingers. Bergson didn’t like “clock time” — the mechanical ticking of seconds. He preferred “duration”, where time flows continuously, rather than a series of separated moments. We are the dancer who moves through time, making it up as she goes along. Ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus acknowledged that the only unchanging force in life is change. Driving this process of change is the tension of opposites such as life and death, day and night, wet and dry. Struggle and disagreement are important to the creation of new things; creativity arises from the dynamic interplay of opposing forces. Similarly, the Taiji (Yin-Yang symbol) represents such interplay. Yin is connected with qualities like darkness, the moon, and the earth. Yang is connected with qualities such as light, the sun, and heaven. The combined pattern indicates that they are interdependent, out of which arises a stable balance. Like most crossroads in life — “Should I put my money in a high- risk investment or play it safe?”, or “Should I settle down or keep exploring?” — the internal struggle is full of tension. But it's this tension that brings about new ideas, new plans, new destiny. Pound’s cry to “Make it New” is happening to us whether we like it or not. We have no choice but to ride along this current of never-ending newness. As Alan Watts says, “The only way to make sense out of change is to dive into it, move with it, and join the dance.” 1．According to the passage, Henri Bergson believes ________. A．change in life comes from major events B．time is best understood as a series of fixed points C．our past shapes the present and future unpredictably D．“clock time” can explain the interplay of opposing forces 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Tension of opposites generates creativity. B．True existence lies in stability and control. C．“Make it new” promotes seeking a new lifestyle. D．The independence of Yin and Yang leads to balance. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Striking a Balance: Flowing with the Present B．The Current of Newness: Fighting Opposing Forces C．The Dance of Change: Welcoming Daily Renewal D．Enlightening the Future: Returning to Ancient Wisdom Passage 2 （24-25 高一上・贵州贵阳・期末） In a world full of connections, we need a variety of ways to deal with the pressures so that we sense that we are able to control our life. Otherwise we may feel overloaded, and feel like we can never catch up. As far as I'm concerned, one of the best ways is by seeking and enjoying solitude (独处). Solitude is often misunderstood as loneliness. Loneliness is a negative state, marked by a sense of isolation (孤立). One feels that something is missing. It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely — the most bitter form of loneliness. Solitude is the state of being alone without feeling lonely. It is a positive and constructive state of understanding oneself deeply. Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself with wonderful and enough company. Solitude is something you choose, while loneliness is imposed on you by others. Solitude provides the necessary space for self-reflection, which is important for personal growth. Without distractions (使人分心的事), individuals can reflect upon their goals, values, and actions. Moreover, solitude helps individuals develop emotional adaptability and independence. When people spend time alone, they learn to rely on their own thoughts and decisions rather than constantly seeking help and advice from others. This encourages self-confidence and a deeper understanding of their inner selves. Solitude can also improve productivity and creativity. Free from the interruptions (打扰) of modern life, individuals often find themselves more focused and creative. Some argue that too much solitude may lead to social withdrawal (不合群) or a lack of social skills. While this is a reasonable concern, intentional solitude differs from isolation. Keeping a balance between solitude and social interaction ensures individuals grow both personally and socially. 4．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By describing a process. B．By giving examples. C．By making a comparison. D．By presenting general rules. 5．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 2 mean? A．is forced upon B．is explained to C．is designed for D．is promised to 6．What can solitude affect us according to the text? A．It can bring us a sense of loneliness. B．It enables us to rely more on others. C．It can cause a lack of creativity in us. D．It enables us to reflect on ourselves. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The forms of solitude. B．The benefits of solitude. C．The problems of solitude. D．The principles of solitude. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期末） We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human. Indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman sat beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest (羚羊) out there, our ancestors had learned the value of sending out pioneers to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor navigate the subways of New York. Over the years, we’ve come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed — different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely “well-travelled”, even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions — whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer — borders of the unknown are being tested each day. Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognize because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller “who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people”. Here is how some of today’s ‘explorers’ define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the “greatest living explorer”, said, “An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before — and also done something scientifically useful.” Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: “You have to have gone somewhere new.” Then Robin Hanbury Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called “tribal” peoples, said, “A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world.” Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia’s Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, “If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.” To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery. Each definition is slightly different and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel o discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings. 8．The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that A．exploration is an inner element of being human. B．most people are not enthusiastic about exploring. C．exploration fails to lead to surprising results. D．most people find exploration frustrating. 9．According to the passage, what is the writer’s view of explorers? A．Their discoveries have brought both benefits and disadvantages. B．Their main value is in teaching others. C．They act on an urge that is common to everyone. D．They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than to others. 10．The writer refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest that A．Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration. B．Hardy was mistaken about the nature of exploration. C．Hardy’s aim was to investigate people’s emotional states. D．Hardy’s aim was to show the attraction of isolation. 11．When discussing the definition of exploration, the writer argues that A．people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests. B．certain people are likely to misunderstand the nature of exploration. C．the generally accepted definition has changed over time. D．historians and scientists have more valid definitions than the general public. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与太空探索 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·安徽·期末） For those of us who grew up watching Star Trek, exploring space has been about discovering strange new worlds. And there are plenty of worlds to explore in time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away. What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth. From space, we can monitor, manage and care for our planet. Satellite-based sensors show us the short- and long-term effects of human activity on our environment. Many companies are using their interest in space to help solve problems here, from using hyperspectral imaging(高光谱成像), which enable us to map vegetation(植被) and rain forests, to microsatellites that provide global connectivity for the network of things. My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. The Internet has become our economic lifeblood. And yet, nearly half of the world’s population doesn’t have Internet access. Space is playing a key role in bridging this digital divide. OneWeb is launching 1,980 satellites to help bring Internet access to people everywhere, and our first production satellites are already flying in space and have shown very high download speeds. Fiber and cable Internet access technologies already cover most financially viable(可行的) major cities. Similarly, these regions will also be the first to be served with 5G. Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty. OneWeb’s satellites will reach every community in the world and enable equal access to the Internet for the world’s less developed places. Fifty years from the day when man first walked on the moon, we are still only approaching the possible. There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Benefits space exploration can bring to us. B．Problems space exploration leads to. C．Steps of space exploration requires. D．Equipment space exploration needs. 2．What is OneWeb aiming to do? A．Increase download speeds. B．Narrow the gap in Internet learning. C．Help people set up and maintain a website. D．Enable people to make use of the Internet equally. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．More than six decades ago, man first walked on the moon. B．More than half of the world’s people have no access to the Internet. C．OneWeb’s satellites will make it possible for most people to be served with 5G. D．Without the Internet, poor communities can hardly help themselves out of poverty. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write about in the following paragraph? A．The risks of furthering space exploration. B．The value of setting up space stations. C．The way we could monitor our earth. D．The features of microsatellites. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东德州·期末） As technology continues to affect every aspect of our lives, it’s no surprise that artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way into our gardens. For busy modern gardeners, AI offers a way to manage a thriving (茂盛) garden with minimal effort, ensuring that plants receive exactly what they need, when they need it. One of the most exciting aspects of AI in gardening is its ability to personalize care for each plant. By analyzing data from various sensors placed in the garden, AI systems can determine the specific needs of each plant, such as light, water, and nutrients. The exactness not only leads to healthier plants but also makes better use of resources. AI is also helping gardeners with plant selection. Based on your location, garden conditions, and personal preferences, AI-driven apps can suggest plants that are most likely to succeed in your garden. A good example is the Plant app, which not only determines plant issues but also suggests the best plants to grow in specific environmental conditions, helping gardeners make informed decisions on plant selection. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative applications in gardening. Future AI systems could cover real-time data from satellite imagery and advanced climate models to predict and prepare for extreme weather events, helping gardeners protect their plants from unforeseen threats. Additionally, AI could assist in breeding new plant varieties that are better suited to changing climates. While AI offers numerous benefits to home gardeners, it’s important to approach this technology with caution. One concern is the over-reliance on AI systems, which could lead to a reduced understanding of natural gardening practices. Additionally, privacy issues may arise, as many AI-powered devices and apps collect data about your garden, which could be shared or sold without your permission. So it is crucial for gardeners to maintain a balance between embracing these innovations and preserving traditional knowledge. 5．What is the AI system’s personalized care to each plant based on? A．Apps installed on phones. B．Data collected from sensors. C．Experiences offered by gardeners. D．Diseases diagnosed by plant doctors. 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The future of AI in gardening. B．The cause of AI in gardening. C．The drawbacks of AI in gardening. D．The guidelines of AI in gardening. 7．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of AI in gardening? A．Slightly confused. B．Highly strict. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely uncaring. 8．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．How gardeners install sensors. B．How to improve gardening apps. C．How to apply AI in gardening properly. D．How gardeners adjust to climate changes. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期末） July 20th, 2009 was the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11’s historic flight to the moon, where astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first human beings to walk on the moon. 40 years ago, space flight inspired such awe(敬畏) that astronauts were honoured as heroes and celebrities. 40 years later none of us, besides space fanatic(狂热者), would likely to be able to name one astronaut in service today. I got to thinking about the importance of continuing space exploration. I hear many people criticize the importance of NASA and space flight, most saying that it is a waste of time, and more importantly money. I disagree with such assessments. Space exploration is important not only to humanity’s curiosity of the great beyond, but it is also important for the future of the earth and all of us living on it. The Apollo missions inspired a whole generation of kids who wanted to grow up to be astronauts, rocket scientists, and engineers. We all know that science education has been slightly lacking in the United States as of late. Don’t you think that NASA’ return, to the moon, or more importantly the much anticipated manned mission to Mars will again inspire a whole new generation to reach for the stars so to speak? I do. You would think that the guys who burn a million pounds of rocket fuel wouldn’t be the most environmentally minded people in the world. However, most people don't know that NASA does a lot of good environmental research while they are up there looking down at all of us. NASA has done a lot of work in studying air quality, climate change alternative(可供替代的) energy, and near earth objects, which as we all know from the movies can destroy the earth any day now without warning, unless we have a group of oil drillers, a nuke, and Bruce Willis. We cannot ignore the importance of space exploration, nor be complacent(自满的) in its meaning to all of us. I hope space exploration can continue to inspire, educate, and provide for us in the next 40 years as it has the last 40 years. 9．What can we learn from the text? A．Armstrong was the first man to fly in space in the world. B．Science education for American students is highly developed. C．The author considers space flight as a waste of money and time. D．People today won’t admire astronauts as much as they did 40 years ago. 10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Space exploration. B．NASA． C．Money. D．Humanity. 11．How does NASA make a difference to the environment? A．By burning less rocket fuel. B．By finding greener energy. C．By changing climate. D．By making space movies. 12．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Be an Astronaut. B．Where to Study Flight C．Why to Explore Space. D．How to Do Space Research. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $