专题08 定语从句（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点精讲一 定语从句定义及分类 4 考点精讲二 关系代词 （who, whom, whose, that, which, as）用法 4 考点精讲三 关系副词（when, where, why）的用法 9 考点精讲四 定语从句其他情况 11 01 析·考情精解 命题轨迹透视 定语从句是高考考查的热点。解题的关键在于当确定从句是定语从句后，先找出先行词；再准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)；然后选择合适的关系词，最后把先行词代入从句中进行检验。避免只看句子含义，忽略结构成分需求的错误解题思路。 年份 考点 题干原句 答案 解析 2025 非限制性定语从句（指代事物作主语） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指代事物，关系词在从句中作主语，需用 which 引导，且 that 不能用于非限制性定语从句，故填 which。 2024 非限制性定语从句（指代人作主语） Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. who 空格前为逗号，逗号后句子缺少主语，该句修饰先行词 “Tinniswood”（指代人），属于非限制性定语从句。从句中需作主语，whom 仅用于指代人且作宾语，故用 who 引导，填 who。 2023 非限制性定语从句（指代地点作状语） Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______ thousands were attending a water conference. where 该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Chicago”，指代地点。逗号后句子结构完整，关系词需在从句中作地点状语，相当于 “in Chicago”，故用 where 引导，填 where。 2022 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句（指代事物） That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ______ are only good for one use. which 此处是 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为 “cups, bottles, and bags”（指代事物）。“most of + 关系代词” 指代前文提到的这些物品中的大多数，且 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中指代事物只能用 which，不能用 that，故填 which。 2021 限制性定语从句（修饰不定代词作主语） When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ______ happened during the day. that 句子为限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词 “everything”。空格后 “happened” 缺少主语，而定语从句修饰不定代词时，引导词只能用 that，不能用 which，故填 that。 2026命题预测 2026北京高考定语从句大概率聚焦非限制性从句，侧重where/who/which运用，可能结合不定代词作先行词（用that），贴合环保、生活类语境，需注意引导词句法功能区分。 02 构·知能架构 ( 定语从句 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 关系代词 人 物 人/物 作主语 作宾语 作主语 作宾语 定语=先行词’s who who, whom (可以省略) which, that which, that(可以省略) whose 只用that不用which的几种情况 1. 当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，       如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等 2. 先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时 3. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时 4. 当先行词既有人又有物时 5. 当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时  (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.  (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about on the bus.  (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy who/whom I want to see.  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.  (2)A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. (1) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.  (2) You can take anything ( that) you like.  The boy 【whose =the boy’s  computer doesn’t work well】 needs your help. The girl【 whose=the girl’s   leg was broken in the earthquake 】was taken to the hospital. The river 【whose=the river’s banks are covered with trees】 is very long. The building 【whose=the building’s wall is white 】is my uncle’s house. 关系副词 介词+关系代词 介词+which/whom 关系副词when, where, why  可以相应地转化为： 介词+which结构。 when=in/on/at…+which,   【介词不固定】   where=in/on/at…+which,  【介词固定】    why=for+which 
 【例1】The man 【to whom you talk just now】 is a famous runner. 【例2】The service 【about which the students complain a lot】 should be improved. 【例3】He is a library assistant 【from whom I borrowed some books.】 【例4】It is a famous school 【from which he graduated 3 years ago.】 【例5】The chair 【on which he is sitting now】 is made of wood. when where why 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 Can you tell me the time 【when the film will start?】 I will never forget the day, 【when I joined the Party.】 the waves soon carried me to an area 【where the other fishermen were. 】 This is the school 【where I studied a few years ago.】 Let’s go to the concert,【where you will find much fun.】 the reason 【why I'm here to tell the story】 is that I made the right decision. Do you know the reason 【why he is not here now?】 定义 定语从句就是起到“形容词”作用的句子，由关系词引导 例句 【例1】This is the house 【where I lived two years ago.】 =This is the house 【in which I lived two years ago.】 【例2】Do you remember the day 【when you joined our club?】 =Do you remember the day 【on which you joined our club?】 【例3】I don’t know the reason 【why he said so.】 =I don’t know the reason 【for which he said so.】   that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换 (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 引导词which和as As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. ) 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 定语从句定义及分类 (一)定义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的从句称作定语从句（Attributive Clauses）。被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 He is the writer who wrote the book. 他就是写这本书的作家。 The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. 你刚才看到的那个人是我们的经理。 I will never forget the day when we first met each other. I will never forget the day when we first met each other. (二)分类 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。 1. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确； 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译为并列句。 This is the house which we bought last month.　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性定语从句） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句） 2. 非限制性定语从句中还可以用which, as等关系代词代替整个主句, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 The weather turned out to be fine, which was more than we could expect. 结果天气很好，这超出了我们的预期。 He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 从他的口音我们可以看出他来自南方。 考点拓展 注意非限制性定语从句和并列句的区分。 There were a lot of young people at the party, most of whom I did not know. 这是非限制性定语从句。 There were a lot of young people at the party and most of them I did not know. 这是并列句。 考点精讲二 关系代词 （who, whom, whose, that, which, as）用法 功能 作用 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句 只用于限制性定语从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which That 宾语 whom which That 定语 whose (=of whom) whose (=of which) 1．关系代词的使用 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is she the girl who/that volunteers at the community center?（who/that 在从句中作主语）—— 她就是那个在社区中心做志愿者的女孩吗？ He is the neighbor whom/that I met on the way to work.（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）—— 他就是我上班路上遇到的那位邻居。 Is this the café which/that serves homemade cakes?（which/that 在从句中作主语）—— 这就是那家供应自制蛋糕的咖啡馆吗？ This is the letter which/that my friend sent me last week.（which/that 在从句中作宾语）—— 这就是我朋友上周寄给我的那封信。 2）whose 用来指人或物 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　（whose在从句中作定语） 考点拓展 先行词是物时，作定语的whose也可用of which来表示; 先行词是人时，作定语的whose也可用of whom来表示，但是这两种形式通常用在非限制性定语从句中。 The building whose pointed roof you can see is a church. = The building, the pointed roof of which you can see, is a church. = The building, of which the pointed roof you can see, is a church. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. =They rushed over to help the man, of whom the car had broken down.　 = They rushed over to help the man, the car of whom had broken down. 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A story which/that reflects real-life struggles has won wide praise.（which/that 在句中作主语）—— 一个反映现实困境的故事赢得了广泛好评。 The magazine (which/that) she recommended to me is full of useful tips.（which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略）—— 她推荐给我的那本杂志满是实用建议。 2. 关系代词that 的特殊用法 1) 只能用that，不能用which的情况 a) 不定代词（everything, anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等）作先行词时。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。 b) 先行词前有every, any, some, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。 All the things that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事情都已经完成了。 c) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一班火车。 d) 先行词前有the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。 Those are the very points that puzzle me. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。 e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school. 他们聊了大约一个小时的事情和他们在学校里记得的人。 f) 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is talking with Tom ? 正在和汤姆说话的那个人是谁？ Which of the books that you bought is easy to read? 你买的哪本书容易读？你买的哪本书容易读？ g) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be. 北京已经不是过去的那个城市了。 2）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 　 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 这棵有四百年历史的树在这里很有名。 b) 介词后。 　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖我们赖以生存的土地。 但是介词若置后可以 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 我们依赖我们赖以生存的土地。 c) 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等表示人时，应用who而不宜用that。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说出真相。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall please sign up here. 想去长城的人请在这里报名。 d) 定语从句中嵌套定语从句，其中一个关系词已用that, 嵌套的定语从句关系词不用that。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借的小说。 3. 关系代词 as 关系代词as 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。 1) as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，可以代替整个主句。as引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，通常用逗号与主句隔开，通常译为“正如……一样”，“正像……一样”。 which也可以指代整个主句，但不能放置于句首，自身无意义。 As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city. 据报道，一个外国代表团将访问该市。 Many students failed to finish the homework, which made the teacher very disappointed. 许多学生没有完成家庭作业，这让老师非常失望。 ☆ 常见的搭配 as is known to all 众所周知 as is hoped 正如希望的 as is said/reported 据说/据报道 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 as has been said before 如前所述 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 as is expected/supposed 如所预料 as is often the case 情况常常如此 2) 引导限制性定语从句, 常用于下列句式。 such+名词+as… 像……一样的, 像……之类的 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的 Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. 他所推荐的人是可靠的。 He is not the same man as he was. 他不再是过去的那个人了。 注 意：下面两句意思的差别 This is the same book as I read last week. 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。 （不是同一本） This is the same book that I read last week. 这就是我上周读的那本书。 （同一本） 1. （2025 西城期末 A）My sons, Liam and Patrick, love baking our family's special Swedish bread, ______ we make only once a year. 答案为 which。先行词是 bread（表物），定语从句中 make 后缺宾语，且从句为非限制性定语从句（先行词后有逗号），非限制性定语从句中表物作宾语只能用 which，不能用 that。 2. （2025 丰台期末 B）This cultural phenomenon is both encouraging and challenging, ______ demonstrates the huge potential in the market for cultural and creative products. 答案为 which。先行词是前文整个句子（“这一文化现象既令人鼓舞又具挑战性”），定语从句中缺主语，代指整个句子的非限制性定语从句只能用 which 引导。 3. （2025 石景山一模 B）The first public hotline, ______ is a tool for enhancing citizen participation and improving city management, started in London in 1937. 答案为 which。先行词是 the first public hotline（表物），定语从句中缺主语，且从句为非限制性定语从句（有逗号），表物作主语的非限制性定语从句只能用 which，不能用 that。 4. （2025 西城二模 C）One key green technology is carbon capture (收集) and storage (CCS), ______ involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission (排放) sources. 答案为 which。先行词是 carbon capture and storage (CCS)（表物），定语从句中缺主语，从句为非限制性定语从句（有逗号），表物作主语的非限制性定语从句只能用 which。 5. （2025 海淀期末 B）But we may have got into a situation, some experts suggest, ______ intensive parenting has become too intense for parents. 答案为 that/which。先行词是 situation（表物），定语从句中缺主语，从句为限制性定语从句（插入语 “some experts suggest” 不影响结构），表物作主语的限制性定语从句可用 that 或 which。 6. （2025 海淀一模 A）His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ______ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. 答案为 that/which。先行词是 Ne Zha（表物，作品名），定语从句中缺主语，从句为限制性定语从句（无逗号），表物作主语的限制性定语从句可用 that 或 which。 7. （2025 西城一模 A）The surprise came when I received a thank-you letter from a family ______ benefited from our donations. 答案为 that/which。先行词是 family（表物，指家庭），定语从句中缺主语，从句为限制性定语从句（无逗号），表物作主语的限制性定语从句可用 that 或 which。 8. （2025 朝阳二模 C）Recently, many western musical artists have released their live albums—a format ______ has seemingly lost its appeal. 答案为 that/which。先行词是 format（表物），定语从句中缺主语，从句为限制性定语从句（无逗号），表物作主语的限制性定语从句可用 that 或 which。 9. （2025 东城期末 A）What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ______ is now the chairman of the university's Martial Arts Club. 答案为 who。先行词是 Konde（表人），定语从句中缺主语，从句为非限制性定语从句（有逗号），指人作主语的非限制性定语从句需用 who，不能用 that。 10. （2025 海淀二模 B）Some people, ______ live a green and cost-effective lifestyle, prefer homemade meals over pricey light foods. 答案为 who。先行词是 some people（表人），定语从句中缺主语，从句为非限制性定语从句（有逗号），指人作主语的非限制性定语从句需用 who，不能用 that/whom。 11. （2025 丰台一模 B）Cinnamon can harmonize the body's energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those ______ want to improve their immune system. 答案为 who/that。先行词是 those（指代 “人”），定语从句中缺主语，从句为限制性定语从句（无逗号），指人作主语的限制性定语从句可用 who 或 that。 12. （2025 东城一模 B）The dogs usually approached—or at least spent more time looking at—the person ______ voice they heard. 答案为 whose。先行词是 the person（表人），定语从句中 voice（声音）与先行词为 “所属关系”（即 “这个人的声音”），whose 在从句中作定语，相当于 “the person's”，符合 “先行词表人 / 物 + 从句缺定语” 考点。 考点精讲三 关系副词（when, where, why）的用法 关系副词when, where, why所修饰的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词的含义相当于“介词 + which”结构，因此常常和这个结构互换。 关系副词 被代替的先行词 相当于的“介词+which”结构 在从句中的作用 when 表示时间的名词 at, in, on, during等 + which 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 in, at, on等 + which 地点状语 why 只有reason for which 原因状语 There are moments when (=at which) we need to make tough choices.——有些时刻我们需要做出艰难的选择。 That is the town where (=in which) her ancestors lived for generations.——那就是她的祖先世代居住的小镇。 Is this the excuse why (=for which) she missed the important meeting?——这就是她错过重要会议的借口吗？ 考点拓展： ☆ 当先行词是case, point, condition, situation, circumstance, stage等表示情况、方面的名词，且在从句中做状语时，关系副词为where，意为“在这种情况下，从……中” 等。 1. There are situations where patience is more effective than haste.有些情况下，耐心比急躁更有效。 2. He’s in a phase where he’s exploring different career paths.他正处于探索不同职业道路的阶段。 3. She’s reached a stage where she can make independent decisions.她已经到了能够自主做决定的阶段。 4. There are circumstances where flexibility matters more than rules.有些境遇下，变通比规则更重要。 1. （2025 朝阳期末 C）To showcase the beauty of Chinese architecture, the game features over twenty scenes, ______ temples and towers are modeled after ancient Shanxi's buildings. 答案为 where。先行词是 scenes（表地点，场景），定语从句 “temples and towers are modeled...” 为主谓结构，不缺主语 / 宾语，需用关系副词表 “在这些场景中”，where 相当于 “in which”，符合 “先行词表地点 + 从句缺地点状语” 考点。 2. （2025 东城二模 C）They also serve as valuable social spaces ______ friendships form. 答案为 where。先行词是 social spaces（表地点，场所），定语从句 “friendships form” 为主谓结构，不缺主语 / 宾语，需用关系副词表 “在这些场所中”，where 相当于 “in which”， 符合‘先行词表地点 + 从句缺地点状语’考点，故用where。 3. （2024 海淀二模）Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ______ commuting (通勤) was challenging for most people. 答案：when解析：定语从句修饰先行词 “rush hour”（高峰时段，表时间），从句 “commuting was challenging” 为主谓结构，不缺主宾语，需时间状语；关系副词 when 可指代时间，在从句中作状语（相当于 “during which”，即 “在该高峰时段”），故填 when 4. （2024 东城二模）The Ring of Fire is the name used by scientists to describe an area ______ frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place. 答案为 where。先行词是 an area（表地点），定语从句中 “frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place” 为主谓结构，不缺少主语或宾语，需用关系副词 where（相当于 in which）表 “在这个区域”，作地点状语。 5. （2024 朝阳二模）It is a particular state of mind ____ you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 答案为 where。先行词是 a particular state of mind（表抽象地点，“心态状态”），定语从句中 “you hope for the best but prepare for the worst” 为主谓宾结构，不缺少主干成分，需用关系副词 where 表 “在这种心态下”，作地点状语。 考点精讲四 定语从句其他情况 1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式的由先行词决定。 The man who lives (live) downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 I, who am (be) your friend, will always stand by you. 我是你的朋友，将永远支持你。 2. “one of＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词应用复数；而“one of＋可数名词复数” 前有the或the only修饰, 定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。 　 He is one of the students who study (study) very hard at school. 他是学校里学习很努力的学生之一。 　 He is the only one of the students who studies (study) very hard at school. 他是学校里唯一一个学习很努力的学生。 3. way做方式状语时，定语从句的关系词三种情况： a. 在比较正式的文体中用in which b. 一般情况下用that c. 省略 I was struck by the beauty of the way in which/that/不填 she stood. 她站着的样子之美让我印象深刻。 但The way that/ which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple. （way在从句中作宾语） 4. 介词+关系代词 注意：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。（如果省略了，介词必须放在定语从句末尾。） You are not the first I have said no to. 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词 when，where和why 互换。 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 考点拓展 ☆“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词选用 ① 根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词的使用。 This is the factory in which he works. ② 根据从句中谓语动词搭配的需要来确定介词的使用。 The car for which he paid 240,000 yuan is made in Shanghai. ③ 根据从句句意的需要来确定介词的使用。 Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher. 5. 定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点精讲一 定语从句定义及分类 4 考点精讲二 关系代词 （who, whom, whose, that, which, as）用法 4 考点精讲三 关系副词（when, where, why）的用法 8 考点精讲四 定语从句其他情况 9 01 析·考情精解 命题轨迹透视 定语从句是高考考查的热点。解题的关键在于当确定从句是定语从句后，先找出先行词；再准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)；然后选择合适的关系词，最后把先行词代入从句中进行检验。避免只看句子含义，忽略结构成分需求的错误解题思路。 年份 考点 题干原句 答案 解析 2025 非限制性定语从句（指代事物作主语） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指代事物，关系词在从句中作主语，需用 which 引导，且 that 不能用于非限制性定语从句，故填 which。 2024 非限制性定语从句（指代人作主语） Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. who 空格前为逗号，逗号后句子缺少主语，该句修饰先行词 “Tinniswood”（指代人），属于非限制性定语从句。从句中需作主语，whom 仅用于指代人且作宾语，故用 who 引导，填 who。 2023 非限制性定语从句（指代地点作状语） Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______ thousands were attending a water conference. where 该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Chicago”，指代地点。逗号后句子结构完整，关系词需在从句中作地点状语，相当于 “in Chicago”，故用 where 引导，填 where。 2022 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句（指代事物） That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ______ are only good for one use. which 此处是 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为 “cups, bottles, and bags”（指代事物）。“most of + 关系代词” 指代前文提到的这些物品中的大多数，且 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中指代事物只能用 which，不能用 that，故填 which。 2021 限制性定语从句（修饰不定代词作主语） When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ______ happened during the day. that 句子为限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词 “everything”。空格后 “happened” 缺少主语，而定语从句修饰不定代词时，引导词只能用 that，不能用 which，故填 that。 2026命题预测 2026北京高考定语从句大概率聚焦非限制性从句，侧重where/who/which运用，可能结合不定代词作先行词（用that），贴合环保、生活类语境，需注意引导词句法功能区分。 02 构·知能架构 ( 定语从句 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 关系代词 人 物 人/物 作主语 作宾语 作主语 作宾语 定语=先行词’s who who, whom (可以省略) which, that which, that(可以省略) whose 只用that不用which的几种情况 1. 当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，       如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等 2. 先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时 3. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时 4. 当先行词既有人又有物时 5. 当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时  (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.  (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about on the bus.  (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy who/whom I want to see.  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.  (2)A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. (1) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.  (2) You can take anything ( that) you like.  The boy 【whose =the boy’s  computer doesn’t work well】 needs your help. The girl【 whose=the girl’s   leg was broken in the earthquake 】was taken to the hospital. The river 【whose=the river’s banks are covered with trees】 is very long. The building 【whose=the building’s wall is white 】is my uncle’s house. 关系副词 介词+关系代词 介词+which/whom 关系副词when, where, why  可以相应地转化为： 介词+which结构。 when=in/on/at…+which,   【介词不固定】   where=in/on/at…+which,  【介词固定】    why=for+which 
 【例1】The man 【to whom you talk just now】 is a famous runner. 【例2】The service 【about which the students complain a lot】 should be improved. 【例3】He is a library assistant 【from whom I borrowed some books.】 【例4】It is a famous school 【from which he graduated 3 years ago.】 【例5】The chair 【on which he is sitting now】 is made of wood. when where why 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 Can you tell me the time 【when the film will start?】 I will never forget the day, 【when I joined the Party.】 the waves soon carried me to an area 【where the other fishermen were. 】 This is the school 【where I studied a few years ago.】 Let’s go to the concert,【where you will find much fun.】 the reason 【why I'm here to tell the story】 is that I made the right decision. Do you know the reason 【why he is not here now?】 定义 定语从句就是起到“形容词”作用的句子，由关系词引导 例句 【例1】This is the house 【where I lived two years ago.】 =This is the house 【in which I lived two years ago.】 【例2】Do you remember the day 【when you joined our club?】 =Do you remember the day 【on which you joined our club?】 【例3】I don’t know the reason 【why he said so.】 =I don’t know the reason 【for which he said so.】   that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换 (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 引导词which和as As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. ) 03 破·考点攻坚 考点精讲一 定语从句定义及分类 (一)定义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的从句称作定语从句（Attributive Clauses）。被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 He is the writer who wrote the book. 他就是写这本书的作家。 The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. 你刚才看到的那个人是我们的经理。 I will never forget the day when we first met each other. I will never forget the day when we first met each other. (二)分类 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。 1. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确； 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译为并列句。 This is the house which we bought last month.　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性定语从句） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句） 2. 非限制性定语从句中还可以用which, as等关系代词代替整个主句, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 The weather turned out to be fine, which was more than we could expect. 结果天气很好，这超出了我们的预期。 He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 从他的口音我们可以看出他来自南方。 考点拓展 注意非限制性定语从句和并列句的区分。 There were a lot of young people at the party, most of whom I did not know. 这是非限制性定语从句。 There were a lot of young people at the party and most of them I did not know. 这是并列句。 考点精讲二 关系代词 （who, whom, whose, that, which, as）用法 功能 作用 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句 只用于限制性定语从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which That 宾语 whom which That 定语 whose (=of whom) whose (=of which) 1．关系代词的使用 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is she the girl who/that volunteers at the community center?（who/that 在从句中作主语）—— 她就是那个在社区中心做志愿者的女孩吗？ He is the neighbor whom/that I met on the way to work.（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）—— 他就是我上班路上遇到的那位邻居。 Is this the café which/that serves homemade cakes?（which/that 在从句中作主语）—— 这就是那家供应自制蛋糕的咖啡馆吗？ This is the letter which/that my friend sent me last week.（which/that 在从句中作宾语）—— 这就是我朋友上周寄给我的那封信。 2）whose 用来指人或物 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　（whose在从句中作定语） 考点拓展 先行词是物时，作定语的whose也可用of which来表示; 先行词是人时，作定语的whose也可用of whom来表示，但是这两种形式通常用在非限制性定语从句中。 The building whose pointed roof you can see is a church. = The building, the pointed roof of which you can see, is a church. = The building, of which the pointed roof you can see, is a church. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. =They rushed over to help the man, of whom the car had broken down.　 = They rushed over to help the man, the car of whom had broken down. 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A story which/that reflects real-life struggles has won wide praise.（which/that 在句中作主语）—— 一个反映现实困境的故事赢得了广泛好评。 The magazine (which/that) she recommended to me is full of useful tips.（which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略）—— 她推荐给我的那本杂志满是实用建议。 2. 关系代词that 的特殊用法 1) 只能用that，不能用which的情况 a) 不定代词（everything, anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等）作先行词时。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。 b) 先行词前有every, any, some, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。 All the things that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事情都已经完成了。 c) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一班火车。 d) 先行词前有the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。 Those are the very points that puzzle me. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。 e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school. 他们聊了大约一个小时的事情和他们在学校里记得的人。 f) 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is talking with Tom ? 正在和汤姆说话的那个人是谁？ Which of the books that you bought is easy to read? 你买的哪本书容易读？你买的哪本书容易读？ g) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be. 北京已经不是过去的那个城市了。 2）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 　 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 这棵有四百年历史的树在这里很有名。 b) 介词后。 　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖我们赖以生存的土地。 但是介词若置后可以 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 我们依赖我们赖以生存的土地。 c) 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等表示人时，应用who而不宜用that。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说出真相。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall please sign up here. 想去长城的人请在这里报名。 d) 定语从句中嵌套定语从句，其中一个关系词已用that, 嵌套的定语从句关系词不用that。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借的小说。 3. 关系代词 as 关系代词as 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。 1) as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，可以代替整个主句。as引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，通常用逗号与主句隔开，通常译为“正如……一样”，“正像……一样”。 which也可以指代整个主句，但不能放置于句首，自身无意义。 As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city. 据报道，一个外国代表团将访问该市。 Many students failed to finish the homework, which made the teacher very disappointed. 许多学生没有完成家庭作业，这让老师非常失望。 ☆ 常见的搭配 as is known to all 众所周知 as is hoped 正如希望的 as is said/reported 据说/据报道 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 as has been said before 如前所述 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 as is expected/supposed 如所预料 as is often the case 情况常常如此 2) 引导限制性定语从句, 常用于下列句式。 such+名词+as… 像……一样的, 像……之类的 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的 Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. 他所推荐的人是可靠的。 He is not the same man as he was. 他不再是过去的那个人了。 注 意：下面两句意思的差别 This is the same book as I read last week. 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。 （不是同一本） This is the same book that I read last week. 这就是我上周读的那本书。 （同一本） 1. （2025 西城期末 A）My sons, Liam and Patrick, love baking our family's special Swedish bread, ______ we make only once a year. 2. （2025 丰台期末 B）This cultural phenomenon is both encouraging and challenging, ______ demonstrates the huge potential in the market for cultural and creative products. 3. （2025 石景山一模 B）The first public hotline, ______ is a tool for enhancing citizen participation and improving city management, started in London in 1937. 4. （2025 西城二模 C）One key green technology is carbon capture (收集) and storage (CCS), ______ involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission (排放) sources. 5. （2025 海淀期末 B）But we may have got into a situation, some experts suggest, ______ intensive parenting has become too intense for parents. 6. （2025 海淀一模 A）His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ______ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. 7. （2025 西城一模 A）The surprise came when I received a thank-you letter from a family ______ benefited from our donations. 8. （2025 朝阳二模 C）Recently, many western musical artists have released their live albums—a format ______ has seemingly lost its appeal. 9. （2025 东城期末 A）What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ______ is now the chairman of the university's Martial Arts Club. 10. （2025 海淀二模 B）Some people, ______ live a green and cost-effective lifestyle, prefer homemade meals over pricey light foods. 11. （2025 丰台一模 B）Cinnamon can harmonize the body's energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those ______ want to improve their immune system. 12. （2025 东城一模 B）The dogs usually approached—or at least spent more time looking at—the person ______ voice they heard. 考点精讲三 关系副词（when, where, why）的用法 关系副词when, where, why所修饰的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词的含义相当于“介词 + which”结构，因此常常和这个结构互换。 关系副词 被代替的先行词 相当于的“介词+which”结构 在从句中的作用 when 表示时间的名词 at, in, on, during等 + which 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 in, at, on等 + which 地点状语 why 只有reason for which 原因状语 There are moments when (=at which) we need to make tough choices.——有些时刻我们需要做出艰难的选择。 That is the town where (=in which) her ancestors lived for generations.——那就是她的祖先世代居住的小镇。 Is this the excuse why (=for which) she missed the important meeting?——这就是她错过重要会议的借口吗？ 考点拓展： ☆ 当先行词是case, point, condition, situation, circumstance, stage等表示情况、方面的名词，且在从句中做状语时，关系副词为where，意为“在这种情况下，从……中” 等。 1. There are situations where patience is more effective than haste.有些情况下，耐心比急躁更有效。 2. He’s in a phase where he’s exploring different career paths.他正处于探索不同职业道路的阶段。 3. She’s reached a stage where she can make independent decisions.她已经到了能够自主做决定的阶段。 4. There are circumstances where flexibility matters more than rules.有些境遇下，变通比规则更重要。 1. （2025 朝阳期末 C）To showcase the beauty of Chinese architecture, the game features over twenty scenes, ______ temples and towers are modeled after ancient Shanxi's buildings. 2. （2025 东城二模 C）They also serve as valuable social spaces ______ friendships form. 3. （2024 海淀二模）Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ______ commuting (通勤) was challenging for most people. 4. （2024 东城二模）The Ring of Fire is the name used by scientists to describe an area ______ frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place. 5. （2024 朝阳二模）It is a particular state of mind ____ you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 考点精讲四 定语从句其他情况 1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式的由先行词决定。 The man who lives (live) downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 I, who am (be) your friend, will always stand by you. 我是你的朋友，将永远支持你。 2. “one of＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词应用复数；而“one of＋可数名词复数” 前有the或the only修饰, 定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。 　 He is one of the students who study (study) very hard at school. 他是学校里学习很努力的学生之一。 　 He is the only one of the students who studies (study) very hard at school. 他是学校里唯一一个学习很努力的学生。 3. way做方式状语时，定语从句的关系词三种情况： a. 在比较正式的文体中用in which b. 一般情况下用that c. 省略 I was struck by the beauty of the way in which/that/不填 she stood. 她站着的样子之美让我印象深刻。 但The way that/ which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple. （way在从句中作宾语） 4. 介词+关系代词 注意：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。（如果省略了，介词必须放在定语从句末尾。） You are not the first I have said no to. 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词 when，where和why 互换。 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 考点拓展 ☆“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词选用 ① 根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词的使用。 This is the factory in which he works. ② 根据从句中谓语动词搭配的需要来确定介词的使用。 The car for which he paid 240,000 yuan is made in Shanghai. ③ 根据从句句意的需要来确定介词的使用。 Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher. 5. 定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $