Unit1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 人教版2019选择性必修第二册 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” 提出新问题、探索新可能，从新角度审视旧问题，既需要创造性的想象力，也是科学领域真正进步的标志。提出新问题、探索新可能，从新角度审视旧问题，既需要创造性的想象力，也是科学领域真正进步的标志。 scientific methods scientific spirits scientific success “To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.” ― Albert Einstein 提出新问题、探索新可能，从新角度审视旧问题，既需要创造性的想象力，也是科学领域真正进步的标志。 Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in? collect data think of a method analyse the results ask a question draw a conclusion find a problem find supporting evidence 1 4 2 6 7 3 5 Pre-reading John Snow Defeats King Cholera Look at the title and predict. Who ? How ? What ? The text is mainly about ___________ and _____ he defeated ____________. John Snow how Cholera What does “ King ” imply in the title? Cholera is powerful and hard to cure Watch a video about cholera What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？ severe vomiting (呕吐) diarrhea (腹泻) dehydration(脱水) Para1 Para 2 Para 4 Para 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map Truth of the infection of cholera Snow's contributions Para 3 Activity 1 Read for the main idea and check predictions. Who What How How What? Who? Where? When? What consequence? find a problem What caused Cholera? While-reading Careful-reading Two theories? ask a question Which theory is right? So he needed to think of a method to prove his opinion. Careful-reading A map of Broad Street-“Cholera Map” What method did Snow use? 1. Which houses had more than 4 deaths and which had no death in Broad Street? 2.What did Snow conclude? Multiple deaths happened here. No death happened here. He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame. analyze the results think of a method collect data Careful-reading Finding Evidence Place: Who: Event: In another part of London A woman and her daughter died of cholera because of drinking the water delivered from the pump The pump water carried cholera germs remove the handle of the pump The disease was stopped Draw a conclusion Careful-reading A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________. B:Snow___________________the places where the people who _____ had lived C: Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street. Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ___________ _____________. D: The pump water carried ____________. conclusion evidence E: The _______ of the pump was removed. process solution handle theories air food or water marked on the died water pump hadn’t drinking water cholera germs conclusion evidence process solution theories map from the pump Activity 3 Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart. 12 Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart. It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in __________. The pump water carried ___________. Many deaths occurred near the ______________ in Broad Street. Some people who lived near the pump worked in the pub and _________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter had died after ______________________________, because she had the water ____________________ every day. Snow had the handle of the pump _________. A B C D E bad air food or water water pump had not moving away from Broad Street delivered to her house cholera germs removed Snow began by _________________ the places where people _____________. marking on the map died had lived Supporting evidence Careful-reading Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart. It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in __________. The pump water carried ___________. Many deaths occurred near the ______________ in Broad Street. Some people who lived near the pump worked in the pub and _________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter had died after ______________________________, because she had the water ____________________ every day. Snow had the handle of the pump _________. A B C D E bad air food or water water pump had not moving away from Broad Street delivered to her house cholera germs removed Snow began by _________________ the places where people _____________. marking on the map died had lived theories Supporting evidence evidence process solution conclusion Careful-reading 1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London? A. Bad air B. Water infected by raw waste C. Polluted air D. Water polluted by the air 2.Why was John Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology? [ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒi] 1. He helped people know how to prevent cholera . 2. He transformed the way scientists study diseases in use of map and statistics. Read Para.4 and Para.5 carefully to answer the two questions. As a scientist, he found out what caused cholera. As a doctor, he helped us to prevent cholera. Reading and Thinking 第壹部分 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera" 约输·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarhoea, dehydration, and even death. 直到英国医生约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。 过去常常做... one + of + the +adj.最高级 + n.(pl) （+ 谓单） until 引导时间状语从句 how 引导宾语从句 overcome - overcame - overcome adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的 n. 腹泻 n. 脱水 同位语 In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。 …的爆发 19世纪早期 hit - hit -hit when 引导时间状语从句 死于... adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的 because 引导原因状语从句 how + to do 作宾语 In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 迟早；最终；及时 rise - rose - risen attend to sb. 照顾/照料某人 when 引导时间状语从句 生孩子，分娩 to do 作后置定语 最终地; 彻底地 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。 普遍地，通常地 adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 to do 作后置定语 how引导宾语从句 that引导表语从句 that引导表语从句 介词短语作后置定语 n. 感染;传染 Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。 同意，赞成 n.证据; 证明 when 引导时间状语从句 v.调查 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 that引导宾语从句 so...that... 引导结果状语从句 决心做... 查明白，弄清楚 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40). 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是 16 号、37 号、38号及40号住宅)。 方式状语 adj. 确切的，精确的 where引导定语从句，在句中作状语，修饰places who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰those adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 水泵 However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. 但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。 n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 adj. 家用的；家喻户晓的 They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. 酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。 过去完成时的被动 drink - drank - drunk v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; 认为 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象 that引导宾语从句 该(为…)受责备；应该(为…)负责 另外 死于 V-ing作宾语 离开，搬走 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。 that引导表语从句 so... that... 引导结果状语从句 have +宾语 + 宾补(done) 让...被做 由于 n.证明；证据，证词；迹象，痕迹 v.宣布，公布；声称，郑重地说 that引导宾语从句 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 adv. 因此 n.  把手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、工具等) have +宾语 + 宾补(done) 让...被做 so that 引导结果状语从句 n. 介入; 出面; 干涉 立即，突然中断 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。 that引导表语从句 过去完成时的被动 被…感染 adv.此外，而且 …和…之间的连接(联系) Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰water adj. 未煮的; 生的; 未经处理的; 原始的 原废水 who引导定语从句，作主语 who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰those be likely to do 可能做... 白开水 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 adj.不知疲倦的 n.威胁，恐吓 adj.大量的，价值巨大的；重要的，真实的 v. 减少; 减小; 降低 n. 减少; 降低: 减少量 有些动词，如 see，find，witness 等，可以用地点或时间名词等无生命名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。 However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 死于 adv. 不幸地 how + to do作宾语 thanks to+n./ving/人称代词宾格，作原因状语 Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology。 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 n. (复数)统计数字; 统计资料 v. 使改观, 使转化 定语从句，省略that / in which，在句中作状语，修饰先行词the way 名词短语作主语补足语 因为这个原因 现代流行病学 What qualities do you think the John has? brave determined strong-willed detail-oriented (注重细节的) rigorous (严谨的) / careful hard-working innovative (创新的) passionate(有激情的) ambitious deligent Retell the story In the early 19th century 1.________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, million of people died from the disease. John Snow ,who subscribed 2._____ the theory that cholera 3.____________ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water , 4._________(desire) to destroy cholera. 5._________(use) maps and statistics, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 6.________(carry) cholera germs. Through Snow's tireless 7.__________ (effort), the disease was stopped in its tracks. Now we have known how 8._________(prevent) cholera. Transforming 9._____ way scientists study diseases, John Snow 10.___________________(consider) the father of modern epidemiology . when to was caused desired Using carried efforts to prevent the is considered 36 x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] $