摘要:
该初中英语知识清单聚焦动词不定式语法体系,以“基本结构及否定形式”为起点,逐步延伸至作宾语、状语、宾语补足语的句法功能,通过分类动词搭配(如plan, want等接不定式作宾语)和典型例句搭建学习支架,形成从概念到应用的渐进式知识脉络。
知识链路以“语法功能—动词分类—语境应用”为主线,通过对比arrive/reach/get to等词汇用法、辨析see sb. do/doing等结构差异,培养学生语言能力与思维品质。每个知识点配套精准例句,强化语法规则在语境中的理解,助力构建系统的语法知识网络,提升英语学习效率。
内容正文:
Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan
2025译林版牛津英语八上学霸必背知识清单
Unit 5 Wild animals
Grammar
1. 动词不定式是一种非谓语形式, 其基本结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to没有意义。其否定形式一般为“not+to+动词原型”。动词不定式在句中不作谓语,因此没有人称和数的变化,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。
2. 动词不定式做宾语
· 动词不定式可作某些动词的宾语,如plan、like、agree、choose、want、decide、afford(承担得起)、expect(期待)、fail(未能)、refuse(拒绝)、wish、learn、manage(设法完成)、offer(愿意)、prepare(准备)、forget、hope、promise(承诺)、try;
Her parents can afford to send her to a music school. 她的父母有能力送她去音乐学校。
· 有些动词后接复合宾语(复合宾语=宾语+宾补)时,常用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语由动词不定式充当。这类动词有find、feel、think等,常见用法为:find/feel/think it+adj.+to do sth.
My parents think it necessary to read more books in free time. 我父母认为空闲时间多读书很有必要。
3. 动词不定式作状语
· 动词不定式作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,可位于句尾或句首,等于in order to;
To catch the early train, they left home at 6 o’clock in the morning. 为了赶上早班火车,他们早上6点就离开家了。
· 动词不定式作目的状语时,其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”或“in order not to+动词原形”。
She left early in order not to be late for the meeting. 她早早离开,为了不迟到开会。
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语(说明宾语的特征或状态)
· 部分动词(词组)如tell、order、want、ask、get、wish、warn(警告)、like、hate、love、allow、advise、invite、encourage、would like等后面接带to的动词不定式作宾补;
The sign warned people not to swim in the river. 警示牌警告人们不要在河里游泳。
· 使役动词let、have、make等或感官动词(词组)hear、feel、listen to、look at、see、notice、watch等后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾补;
Dad had my brother fix the broken bike yesterday. 爸爸昨天让哥哥修理那辆坏了的自行车。
Let’s watch the children play football on the playground. 我们一起看孩子们在操场上踢足球吧。
· 动词不定式在动词help后作宾补时,可带to,也可以不带to。
The guide helped the tourists find their hotel last night. 昨晚导游帮游客们找到了他们的酒店。
5. The Class 1, Grade 8 students went on a school trip to Beijing Zoo yesterday. 八年级一班的学生们昨天参加了一场去北京动物园的学校郊游。
· go on/take a trip to sp. = go on/take a tour of sp. = travel to sp. 去某地旅行/游览
They went on a tour of the old village in the countryside. 他们在乡下游览了那个古村落。
6. When we arrived at the zoo, the pandas started to come out of their home. 当我们到达动物园时,熊猫们开始走出它们的家。
· arrive 不及物动词, 接地点时必须搭配介词:接大地点(国家、城市)用in, 接小地点(车站、学校)用at;
We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上会抵达北京。
We arrived at the park early to have a picnic. 我们早早到达公园去野餐。
· reach 及物动词,直接接地点名词(不接介词);
We will reach the top of the mountain before noon. 我们会在中午前到达山顶。
· get to 动词短语,接具体地点名词,若地点是副词(如 home/there/here),需去掉 to
Can we get to the cinema before the movie starts? 我们能在电影开始前赶到电影院吗?
· Come out of ... 从......出来
7. After that, he tried to exercise. 在那之后,他努力锻炼身体。
· After that 介词短语(状语) 在那之后
· try to do sth. 努力做某事 try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
If you feel tired, try drinking a cup of tea. 如果你觉得累,试试喝杯茶。
As a volunteer, I tried my best to make the old people feel happy. 作为志愿者,我尽最大努力让老人们感到开心。
· exercise vi. 锻炼 un. 运动 cn. 练习题(常用复数)
Doing more exercise is good for our hearts.(多做运动对我们的心脏有益。
We need to finish these English exercises before class tomorrow.(我们得在明天上课前完成这些英语练习题。
8. Once in a while, she managed to climb up the tree, but she often failed to get down. 偶尔,她能成功爬上树,但常常下不来。
· manage vt. &vi. 完成(困难的事);管理;合理安排 → manager n. 经理
manage to do sth.设法做成某事
She managed to finished the task on time. 她设法按时完成了任务。
My uncle is a hotel manager and he works in a big city. 我叔叔是一名酒店经理,他在一座大城市工作。
· fail to do sth. 未能做成某事
He failed to get to school on time yesterday because he got up late. 他昨天因为起晚了,没能按时到校。
9. We prepare all kinds of food to give her a healthy diet. 我们准备了各种各样的食物,为了让她拥有健康的饮食。
· prepare v. 准备 prepare sth. (for ...) (为......)准备某物 = get sth ready for ...
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
The teacher prepared some interesting games for the class. 老师为课堂准备了一些有趣的游戏。
They are preparing for the school sports meeting next month. 他们在为下个月的校运会做准备。
He is preparing to give a talk in front of the class. 他正准备在全班面前发言。
· give sb. a healthy diet 让某人拥有健康的饮食
10. We also plan to give her a special cake and some gifts to celebrate her birthday. 我们还计划送她一个特别的蛋糕和一些礼物,来庆祝她的生日。
· plan to do sth. 计划做某事 make a plan for ... 为......做计划
He made a plan for improving his English listening skills. 他为提升英语听力制定了计划。
· celebrate vt. 庆祝 → celebration n. 庆祝活动
There will be a big celebration in the city center on National Day. 国庆节那天,市中心会有一场盛大的庆祝活动。
11. I saw a baby lion stay near its mother for protection. 我看到一只幼狮待在妈妈身边寻求保护。
· see sb. do sth. 看全过程/经常性动作
We saw the teacher enter the classroom just now. 我们刚才看到老师走进了教室。
· see sb. doing sth. 看正在进行的瞬间
I saw her running in the park when I passed by. 我路过时,看到她正在公园跑步。
· for protection 为了保护/寻求保护( for后接名词作目的状语)
12. How lovely! 多可爱啊!
· What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!(主谓可省略)
What a lovely dog (it is)! 多可爱的一只狗啊!
What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多漂亮的花啊!
What delicious food (it is)! 多美味的食物啊!
· How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!(主谓可省略,修饰动词时结构略有不同)
How happy she is! 她多开心啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得真快啊!
13. Mr Wu tells us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes. 吴先生告诉我们穿双舒适的鞋子。
· tell 告知、吩咐、讲述(带 “传递信息” 的意味) tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事
tell sb. to do sth. 吩咐某人做某事 tell a story/joke 讲故事/笑话
She told me her favorite subject is English. 她告诉我她最喜欢的科目是英语。
· say 说的具体内容(后面必须接说话的内容) say sth. 说某事 say sth. to sb. 对某人说某事
say + 直接引语(说的话)
He said “Hello” to the teacher when he passed by. 他路过时对老师说了声 “你好”。
She said she would come to the party. 她说她会来参加派对。
· speak 说某种语言;发言、开口说(不强调具体内容)
speak + 语言 speak to sb. 和某人说话 speak in public 公开发言
He spoke for 10 minutes at the school meeting. 他在学校会议上发言了 10 分钟。
She is too shy to speak in front of the class. 她太害羞,不敢在全班面前开口。
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