Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高二英语译林版选择性必修第三册

Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解 Unit 2 Out of This World单元话题：畅想未来与科学技术 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In the Mediterranean Sea, an innovative whale detection system named SAvEWhales (System for the Avoidance of Ship-Strikes with Endangered Whales) has been developed to accurately locate sperm whales (抹香鲸) in three-dimensional space. It aims to address the leading cause of death among Mediterranean sperm whales: collisions (碰撞) with ships. By analyzing the species’ characteristic clicks, the system can identify a whale’s position within 30 to 40 meters — roughly one to two body lengths for these 16-meter-long marine giants. This precision allows sufficient time for ships to adjust their course or reduce speed when whales are detected nearby. Designed by a research team based in Greece, and led by Emmanuel Skarsoulis, the system employs three buoys (浮标) arranged in a triangular formation. Each buoy is equipped with a hydrophone (水中听音器) suspended 100 meters below the sea surface to detect acoustic signals. When a sperm whale emits clicks — a form of echolocation used for hunting — the system calculates the differences in the sound’s arrival time at each hydrophone, enabling triangulation of the whale’s location. A major breakthrough lies in using surface-reflected clicks to calculate whale depth. The time gap between the direct click and its echo helps determine how deep the whale is. This allows SAvEWhales to track whales up to 900 meters deep within a 10-kilometer range. While promising, the system still faces challenges. It struggles to distinguish individual whales in groups, and maintaining equipment at sea is difficult due to harsh conditions. Moreover, the technology is only effective for species that use clicking sounds, such as sperm whales, and is unsuitable for whales that communicate via songs, like fin whales. Despite these limitations, experts believe SAvEWhales could be a valuable tool for whale conservation, especially in critical areas like the Hellenic Trench — a key habitat for sperm whales. Combined with other measures like speed limits and shipping lane adjustments, such technology could help protect these endangered animals from ship strikes. 1．How does the SAvEWhales system mainly locate whales? A．By analyzing whale songs’ frequency. B．By measuring sound arrival time differences. C．By identifying unique clicking patterns. D．By tracking via satellite imagery. 2．Which is a challenge facing the SAvEWhales system? A．Buoys being damaged by whales. B．Limited tracking range in deep waters. C．Ineffective for whales using songs. D．Limited to Hellenic Trench. 3．What can be inferred about the practical value of SAvEWhales? A．Solved ship-strikes already. B．Will soon fit all species. C．Works better than speed limits. D．Needs other strategies’ coordination. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Mediterranean Sperm Whales’ Trouble B．SAvEWhales: Ocean Exploration System C．Using Sound to Prevent Collisions D．Acoustic Technology’s Limitations Some middle school students in Anne Arundel County are trying to solve a problem for one classmate who uses a wheelchair. By doing so, they won a big prize for their school, and it has made them fit for a nationwide competition. Southern Viddle School students and their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype (雏形) desk that they hope to be connected to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special kind of illness and uses a computer as his primary way of communication. “At present, the iPad with a strap (带子) that goes around his neck and a handle (把手) on the back of it for him to hold is pretty heavy. When he’s seated, it kind of just lays on his legs. It’s not very easy for him to use,” Borman said, “Kenneth always has to hold his iPad, and so this project is going to help him just set it there so his hands are free,” said Julia Baker to a school newspaper reporter. What started off as an engineering after-school program has turned into a prize-winning idea. The students recently won a statewide Science Technology Engineering Math (STEM) competition called “ Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with $12,000 worth of technology for the school. “We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won. So, it was like, wow,” said Avery Willet excitedly. “This whole project is really teaching us about how to work together and how we can help other people and not just us,” added Everleigh Finnelle. “I learned how to work with others, and a lot of teamwork made this project the best it could be,” said Haley Brown. “There is still room for improvement. Our team is working on the prototype, making changes so it works perfectly for Kenny. We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it freely,” Finnelle said. The final design won’t be ready for the national competition until next month. 1．Why did the students come up with the idea of the prototype desk? A．To test what they’ve learnt in school. B．To complete a group engineering project. C．To support a classmate’s special need. D．To join a national technology competition. 2．How did the students find their winning of the STEM prize? A．Satisfying. B．Believable. C．Comforting. D．Surprising. 3．What does Finnelle think of the future of the prototype desk? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uninterested. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．A competition is winning popularity. B．A team won a prize with a special design. C．A new invention will come onto the market. D．A program makes students interested in science. Professor Kevin Warwick is an expert in cybernetics — the study of communication systems in humans, animals, and machines. What would happen if the human brain were connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick wants to find out. “I want to try to change things, to have a go at completely changing what it means to be human,” he says. Soon he will have an operation. A glass tube(管状物) will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube, there will be tiny computer circuits(线路). These will pick up messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer. Then the experiment will begin. Says Kevin Warwick: “Pain provides a clear electronic signal(信号) on the nerves as it moves from its starting point to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the same pain?” It is not just about pain. The human nervous system sends many other messages to the brain. The project aims to find whether all of these can be stored on a computer and then played back into the human body. This could serve many different purposes. The computer could provide eyes for a blind person. Anxious or unhappy people are often given medicine to make them feel better. But what if they could put feelings of happiness directly into their minds? Imagine that you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and long to be back with them. Instead of writing a letter, you store these feelings on a computer and send them to your family as an email. Professor Warwick now believes that the success of his new experiment could lead to the evolution(进化) of humans. A human will be able to use the memory(记忆) and mathematical power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings directly across the planet using the Internet. People have used their intelligence(智力) to create increasingly intelligent machines. Has the time now come for the two to join together? 1．What will the computer circuits be used to do? A．Send messages to the brain. B．Send messages to a computer. C．Store messages from the computer. D．Store messages from the nervous system. 2．What is the purpose of the messages stored on a computer? A．To reduce pain. B．To improve memory. C．To improve the human body. D．To get them back when necessary. 3．What does “the two” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Human evolution and machines. B．Humans and human intelligence. C．Human intelligence and computers. D．Human evolution and intelligence. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Professor Warwick? A．Hard-working. B．Creative. C．Clever. D．Brave. Precision agriculture (精准农业) represents a crucial advancement in contemporary farming. One innovative application employs real-time imaging to visualize (使显现) how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces. Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides (杀虫剂) across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash, who had some family exposure to the process of spraying (喷洒) crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants, which is influenced by various factors including the design of the device, the temperature, wind and other conditions at the time of spraying. To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.” This allows farmers to use only 20-30% of the product per acre while maintaining key functions like pest control, fertilization, and growth regulation. The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection. Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings. Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go, its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels, safeguarding ecosystems and food safety. 1．What can be learned about precision agriculture in paragraph 1? A．It visualizes plants more clearly. B．It uses pesticides more accurately. C．It continuously monitors plant growth. D．It estimates the need of the entire field. 2．How does Jayaprakash’s two-camera system address the challenge? A．By choosing various spraying equipment. B．By calculating the amount of pesticide required. C．By making adjustments to enhance spray efficiency. D．By using imaging to monitor the temperature and wind. 3．What can be the conclusion of Susan Scheufele’s field trials? A．The technology is workable with less costs. B．The technology is useless for removing leaves. C．The technology is only suitable for some plants. D．The technology needs to be improved for better results. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To solve pesticide spraying problems. B．To help farmers reduce their costs. C．To introduce a new agricultural technology. D．To explain a technology’s working principle. Thanks to this new hands-free suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage may soon become a thing of the past. Designed by an Israeli company NUA Robotics, this “smart” suitcase will follow you everywhere you go. The carry-on suitcase, currently a prototype (雏形), connects to a smart phone app via Bluetooth. It has a built-in camera sensor (传感器) that can “see”  you and follow you around on flat surfaces like airport floors. It comes with an anti-theft alarm to prevent someone carrying it away when you’re not looking and it has a backup battery that you can use to charge all your devices. “It can follow and carry things for people around while communicating with their smart phone, and avoiding obstacles,”  explained Alex Libman, founder of NUA Robotics. “We’re combining sensor network, computer vision, and robotics. So if you download our app, press the follow-me button, the luggage recognizes the specific user and knows to follow and communicate.” NUA is still testing the device and trying to improve features like speed and customization (定制), but they hope to make the suitcase available to customers in a year’s time. If it proves successful, they want to use the Bluetooth pairing technology to automate lots of other devices, like shopping carts at the supermarket. These devices are especially meant to be useful to the physically disabled and elderly. “Any object can be smart and robotic,” Libman said, “We want to bring robots into everyday life.” The Israeli tech company made it clear that the finished product will look just like a regular suitcase. They’re planning to partner with a carry-on luggage maker, since the device(设备) that makes it “smart” weighs just 2.5 pounds and can be fitted on old-fashion luggage. With NUA’s smart suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage isn’t a burden. But how their invention will handle difficult obstacles like stairs? It will be interesting to wait. 1．Why can this carry-on suitcase follow you? A．Because there is a camera sensor inside. B．Because there exists an anti-theft alarm. C．Because it can recognize your smell. D．Because a battery plays a key part. 2．According to the passage, the “smart” suitcase _______. A．can go everywhere B．is on sale now C．can make our hands free during traveling D．was designed by Alex Libman 3．What can we learn about NUA? A．It is an Israeli tech company producing mobile phones. B．It has improved the features of the device. C．It will make the suitcase available to customers in a month. D．It wants to bring more smart and robotic devices into everyday life. 4．Where does the article probably come from? A．A text-book. B．A website. C．An advertisement. D．An entertainment Program. Seventeen-year-old Dhanush Eashwar, who has started coding at 7, is one of the 2024 winners of Swift Student Challenge, which tasks young creators with developing apps that solve real-world problems. His submission, Finger Dance, aims to facilitate better communication between the deaf and hearing communities. Using machine learning and augmented reality, it recognizes users’ hand poses and classifies them as American Sign Language (ASL) letters, helping beginners learn ASL. The winning program was developed specifically for the challenge and isn’t in app stores. But the high school senior is working hard on an even more ambitious project that he says will be available to download in the future: an app that translates ASL hand signs to English in real-time — “like a Google Translate for visual languages,” he explained. “I felt that there was a need for technology to actually bridge the gap between both of the communities,” explained Eashwar, who isn’t deaf himself but took ASL in high school. After attending some deaf events around the region, he realized he had an opportunity. “Machine learning is being used in so many different fields, but something that everyone has is their phone, and that’s in their pocket.” As one of the 50 “distinguished winners” in the challenge, Eashwar attended Apple’s annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WDC) in June and met the tech company’s CEO, Tim Cook. “That whole experience was really surreal. It was truly a mind-blowing experience, and it was so insightful,” said Eashwar. “And after that experience, I feel more motivated than ever to actually contribute to the technology community and actually do more.” The STEM star is clearly passionate about the tangible (实际的) and wide-reaching solutions that coding and app development can offer the world. “What really inspired me to get into the field is the high-impact social innovation that you can bring to the world with computer science and machine learning,” Eashwar shared. 1．What is Finger Dance? A．A machine learning device. B．A real-time translation tool. C．An app assisting to learn ASL. D．A program aimed for the deaf. 2．Why did Eashwar decide to develop apps for the deaf and hearing communities? A．To win a series of technological contests. B．To meet Tim Cook at the WDC in person. C．To create scientific innovation projects by coding. D．To connect the two communities using technology. 3．What can be inferred about Eashwar from the text? A．He prefers developing apps for deaf people. B．He is talented for American Sign Language. C．He has a strong sense of social responsibility. D．He is eager to become famous like Tim Cook. 4．What message is the text meant to convey? A．Technology serves society. B．Coding is everything. C．Knowledge changes destiny. D．Practice makes perfect. The 2025 Nobel prize in chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi for their work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that may contribute to solving some of humankind’s greatest challenges ranging from reducing pollution, harvesting water out of dry desert air to absorbing greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. The three researchers worked separately in Japan, Australia and the US, but added to each other’s breakthroughs over decades, beginning with Robson’s work in the 1980s. Together, they eventually succeeded in creating stable atomic (原子) structures that preserve holes of specific sizes that allowed gas or liquid to flow in and out. The holes could be adjusted to match the size of specific molecules (分子) that scientists want to hold in place. “The MOFs can be precisely controlled,” said Kim Jelfs, a chemist at Imperial College London. “But more importantly, MOFs seem like the bottomless magical handbag carried by Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter series: It may look small from the outside, but can hold surprisingly huge quantities within it. For instance, a few grams of MOFs may have as much surface area as a soccer field, all of which can be used to store various gases or liquids.” Today, researchers around the world are exploring their potential to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and pollution from industrial sites. Another possibility is to use them to harvest water from desert air. Scientists are also investigating whether they can be used for targeted drug delivery. The idea is to load them with medicine that may be accurately released inside the body. A number of companies have been commercializing MOFs. In 2016, a US company, NuMat, launched a line of gas containers that use MOFs to safely store poisonous gases that are used in the electronics industry. Perhaps, one of the biggest success stories is the CALF-20 MOF, which has been commercialised by the Canadian firm Svante. This MOF can absorb CO₂ from the waste gases from industrial facilities. 1．What is probably Richard Robson’s most important contribution? A．He is the organizer and leader of the three-man team. B．He has succeeded in creating the stable MOFs alone. C．He has found out ways to measure the sizes of molecules. D．He has made the earliest and basic breakthroughs in the lab. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the word “targeted” underlined in paragraph 4? A．Precise. B．Random. C．Timely. D．Urgent. 3．What is the CALF-20 MOF primarily used for? A．Harvesting water from dry air in the desert. B．Separating CO₂ from the industrial waste gases. C．Absorbing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. D．Storing poisonous gases used in the electronics industry. 4．What can we learn about MOFs from the text? A．They can hold an unlimited amount of gas and water. B．They are inspired by Hermione Granger’s handbag. C．They seem small but have a huge surface area inside. D．They are still untested concepts in the researchers’ labs. Heman Bekele has been named TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024. The 15-year-old has come up with an idea for a soap that could help treat skin cancer, and he is already working with scientists to test his idea. Heman’s family came to the US from Ethiopia when he was four. Heman remembers seeing people there working outside in the sun without proper sun protection, which may well increase the risk of skin cancer. From his parents, he had a deeper understanding of its dangers. Skin cancer can often be cured, but the treatment is extremely expensive for those poor workers. Heman’s natural curiosity led him to experiment with different materials and at the age of 7, he nearly caused a fire with a chemistry set. As he got older, he began to wonder if his curiosity could actually help make a difference. Upon reading about imiquimod, a medicine that can fight early-stage skin cancer, he realized it was a good way to make the medicine work through a simple bar of soap. But Heman knew that simply mixing imiquimod with soap wouldn’t work, as it would just wash away. Instead, he thought of creating a soap that contained the medicine inside super tiny “nanoparticles” (纳米颗粒) to make sure it remains on the skin after the soap washed off, allowing imiquimod to take effect. Last year, when he was 14, Heman created a video explaining his idea, and won the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. He is now working with scientists at Johns Hopkins University, running tests to see if the soap helps mice with skin cancer. Heman knows that it will take a long time and a lot of effort to develop his soap, but he’s excited about the work. He also encourages other young people to contribute. “Just keep inventing and thinking of new ways to improve our world and make it a better place,”Heman says. 1．What drove Heman Bekele to create the soap? A．His curiosity about science. B．His family’s history of skin cancer. C．His concern for unprotected workers outdoors. D．His desire to develop a new medicine. 2．Why does Heman use nanoparticles in his soap? A．To help imiquimod stick to the skin. B．To make imiquimod easier to use. C．To make imiquimod affordable. D．To help imiquimod spread faster. 3．Which of the following best describes Heman according to the text? A．Understanding and modest. B．Calm and frank. C．Efficient and generous. D．Curious and creative. 4．What can be the suitable title of the passage? A．Be a gifted teenager. B．Fight against skin cancer. C．Follow a medical career. D．Meet a young scientist. 重难语篇提升练 Dutch scientists have managed to engineer an air-powered soft-bodied robot. The key to unlocking the robot’s self-sustaining movement, despite the absence of a computerized control unit, lies in the strategic integration of aerodynamic principles, whose role is to regulate the airflow dynamics essential for its walking and swimming actions. How this robot works bears a striking similarity to that of “tube dancer”, those tall thin fabric tubes that have air pumped into them. When air fills the tube to the maximum, it makes it stand upright. However, once the tube reaches an upright position, the internal air pressure gradually decreases, causing the tube to bend downward. This bending then makes the pressure rise again, pushing the bent section upward. This process repeats continuously, forming a cyclic motion that gives the robot its moving force. This pressure-driven continuous bending along tubes precisely fuels the robot. Linked to a single air source, its multiple tubes initially move chaotically in different directions but soon adjust their motion, eventually moving in a consistent and harmonized way just like “legs”, with speed regulated by air pressure. One particularly notable characteristic of the robot is its remarkable speed. It can cover a distance 30 times its own body length within a single second, which is just like Usain Bolt, the world’s fastest runner, achieving his speed by finishing 100m in merely 1.71 seconds. Another outstanding feature is that it adjusts automatically to its conditions. It can easily cross uneven ground and when it accidentally knocks into a wall, it turns. If the robot sinks into water, it will immediately adjust its movement pattern and start swimming. Without a control core, the new invention is more like a simple machine than an advanced robot needing difficult programming. Nevertheless, it can do many complex tasks independently. It is widely anticipated that the technology could one day be used in applications such as micro-robots that deliver medicine within the body, or machinery designed for use in harsh environments where electronics may fail, such as outer space. 1．What happens to “the tube dancer” when its internal air pressure peaks? A．It leaks. B．It bends downward. C．It straightens. D．It moves back and forth. 2．What aspect do Paragraph 2 and 3 focus on about the new robot? A．Its power source. B．Its multi-functions. C．Its structural features. D．Its operational mechanism. 3．Why did the author mention Usain Bolt in Paragraph 4? A．To showcase his running speed. B．To test the robot’s performance. C．To stress humans can’t outpace the robot. D．To help readers grasp the robot’s speed. 4．What can we infer about the new invention from the last paragraph? A．It has a bright prospect. B．It relies heavily on programming. C．It’ll lower disease occurrences. D．It has been put into mass production. Washington University in St. Louis researchers have developed a filter (滤器) that treats wastewater and also generates electricity-an advance that could reshape energy use at treatment plants. The new system uses bacteria (细菌) to produce an electric charge while breaking down organic material otherwise seen as waste The findings from the lab of Zhen He, a professor of energy, environmental and chemical engineering, were detailed in the academic journal Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. The research fits into a growing set of technologies that pushes back against the traditional view of regarding wastewater as waste and looks instead to put it to beneficial use. Depending on how thoroughly it is treated, recovered water can be repurposed for anything from “undrinkable” uses like crop-watering to drinking water. The Washington U. team’s new filter, however, provides an added bonus. The system uses a cloth to collect organic matter from the wastewater and to provide bacteria with a place to settle. Then, as bacteria consume the organic materials, electrons (电子) are released and gathered by the cloth, creating electricity. Steel around the filter sends the electric current from the “bacteria fuel cell” to an external circuit. That two-way function is what makes the electrode unique. Treating one cubic meter of wastewater could, in theory, generate 20 watts of power for an hour. That means a larger unit or a collection of units could power lights or larger electrical devices! The team, next, aims to develop further and make it leap into the real world. Ideally, He would love to see the filters used by urban wastewater treatment facilities. But He says a more likely, transitional step could be for the filters to first catch on in smaller individual industrial factories that have wastewater to treat. The ultimate aim is to change wastewater treatment from an energy user into a power source. “Is it really a waste?” He asked. “Or can we treat it as a resource?” Viewing wastewater as a resource rather than waste enables sustainable energy generation and promotes environmental protection, presenting a mutually beneficial approach to wastewater treatment. 1．What determines the use of the recovered water? A．The storage time. B．The extent of treatment. C．The amount of bacteria. D．The source of original water. 2．What does the underlined phrase “an added bonus” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Power generation. B．Less pollution. C．Water purification. D．More electrons. 3．What might be the next step for the team? A．Exploring potential markets of the filters. B．Improving the performance of the system. C．Fitting the filters in urban wastewater plants. D．Popularizing the filters in small-sized workshops. 4．Why does He raise questions in the last paragraph? A．To highlight wastewater-not-waste concept. B．To recognize the achievement of the research. C．To stress the urgency of the wastewater treatment. D．To discuss the possible direction for further study. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Out of This World 单元话题阅读理解 Unit 2 Out of This World单元话题：畅想未来与科学技术 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In the Mediterranean Sea, an innovative whale detection system named SAvEWhales (System for the Avoidance of Ship-Strikes with Endangered Whales) has been developed to accurately locate sperm whales (抹香鲸) in three-dimensional space. It aims to address the leading cause of death among Mediterranean sperm whales: collisions (碰撞) with ships. By analyzing the species’ characteristic clicks, the system can identify a whale’s position within 30 to 40 meters — roughly one to two body lengths for these 16-meter-long marine giants. This precision allows sufficient time for ships to adjust their course or reduce speed when whales are detected nearby. Designed by a research team based in Greece, and led by Emmanuel Skarsoulis, the system employs three buoys (浮标) arranged in a triangular formation. Each buoy is equipped with a hydrophone (水中听音器) suspended 100 meters below the sea surface to detect acoustic signals. When a sperm whale emits clicks — a form of echolocation used for hunting — the system calculates the differences in the sound’s arrival time at each hydrophone, enabling triangulation of the whale’s location. A major breakthrough lies in using surface-reflected clicks to calculate whale depth. The time gap between the direct click and its echo helps determine how deep the whale is. This allows SAvEWhales to track whales up to 900 meters deep within a 10-kilometer range. While promising, the system still faces challenges. It struggles to distinguish individual whales in groups, and maintaining equipment at sea is difficult due to harsh conditions. Moreover, the technology is only effective for species that use clicking sounds, such as sperm whales, and is unsuitable for whales that communicate via songs, like fin whales. Despite these limitations, experts believe SAvEWhales could be a valuable tool for whale conservation, especially in critical areas like the Hellenic Trench — a key habitat for sperm whales. Combined with other measures like speed limits and shipping lane adjustments, such technology could help protect these endangered animals from ship strikes. 1．How does the SAvEWhales system mainly locate whales? A．By analyzing whale songs’ frequency. B．By measuring sound arrival time differences. C．By identifying unique clicking patterns. D．By tracking via satellite imagery. 2．Which is a challenge facing the SAvEWhales system? A．Buoys being damaged by whales. B．Limited tracking range in deep waters. C．Ineffective for whales using songs. D．Limited to Hellenic Trench. 3．What can be inferred about the practical value of SAvEWhales? A．Solved ship-strikes already. B．Will soon fit all species. C．Works better than speed limits. D．Needs other strategies’ coordination. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Mediterranean Sperm Whales’ Trouble B．SAvEWhales: Ocean Exploration System C．Using Sound to Prevent Collisions D．Acoustic Technology’s Limitations 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了SAvEWhales系统的功能、原理、挑战及在鲸鱼保护中的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When a sperm whale emits clicks — a form of echolocation used for hunting — the system calculates the differences in the sound’s arrival time at each hydrophone, enabling triangulation of the whale’s location.(当抹香鲸发出咔嗒声（一种用于捕猎的回声定位方式）时，该系统会计算声音到达每个水中听音器的时间差，从而实现对抹香鲸位置的三角定位。)”可知，SAvEWhales系统主要通过测量声音到达时间的差异来定位鲸鱼。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Moreover, the technology is only effective for species that use clicking sounds, such as sperm whales, and is unsuitable for whales that communicate via songs, like fin whales.(此外，这项技术只对使用咔嗒声的物种有效，比如抹香鲸，而不适合通过歌声交流的鲸鱼，比如长须鲸。)”可知，SAvEWhales系统面临的挑战之一是对使用歌声交流的鲸鱼无效。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Combined with other measures like speed limits and shipping lane adjustments, such technology could help protect these endangered animals from ship strikes.(结合限速和航线调整等其他措施，这种技术可以帮助保护这些濒危动物免受船只撞击。)”可推知，SAvEWhales的实际价值在于需要与其他策略协调使用。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“In the Mediterranean Sea, an innovative whale detection system named SAvEWhales (System for the Avoidance of Ship-Strikes with Endangered Whales) has been developed to accurately locate sperm whales (抹香鲸) in three-dimensional space. It aims to address the leading cause of death among Mediterranean sperm whales: collisions (碰撞) with ships.(在地中海地区，一款名为SAvEWhales（濒危鲸鱼船只碰撞规避系统）的创新性鲸鱼探测系统已研发完成，可在三维空间内精准定位抹香鲸。该系统旨在解决地中海抹香鲸的首要致死原因：与船只发生碰撞。)”可知，文章围绕SAvEWhales系统展开，介绍其通过分析抹香鲸的声波信号定位、避免船只碰撞的核心功能，还提及系统的挑战与应用价值。选项C“Using Sound to Prevent Collisions(利用声音防止碰撞)”精准概括系统的核心原理与目的，符合主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 Some middle school students in Anne Arundel County are trying to solve a problem for one classmate who uses a wheelchair. By doing so, they won a big prize for their school, and it has made them fit for a nationwide competition. Southern Viddle School students and their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype (雏形) desk that they hope to be connected to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special kind of illness and uses a computer as his primary way of communication. “At present, the iPad with a strap (带子) that goes around his neck and a handle (把手) on the back of it for him to hold is pretty heavy. When he’s seated, it kind of just lays on his legs. It’s not very easy for him to use,” Borman said, “Kenneth always has to hold his iPad, and so this project is going to help him just set it there so his hands are free,” said Julia Baker to a school newspaper reporter. What started off as an engineering after-school program has turned into a prize-winning idea. The students recently won a statewide Science Technology Engineering Math (STEM) competition called “ Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with $12,000 worth of technology for the school. “We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won. So, it was like, wow,” said Avery Willet excitedly. “This whole project is really teaching us about how to work together and how we can help other people and not just us,” added Everleigh Finnelle. “I learned how to work with others, and a lot of teamwork made this project the best it could be,” said Haley Brown. “There is still room for improvement. Our team is working on the prototype, making changes so it works perfectly for Kenny. We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it freely,” Finnelle said. The final design won’t be ready for the national competition until next month. 1．Why did the students come up with the idea of the prototype desk? A．To test what they’ve learnt in school. B．To complete a group engineering project. C．To support a classmate’s special need. D．To join a national technology competition. 2．How did the students find their winning of the STEM prize? A．Satisfying. B．Believable. C．Comforting. D．Surprising. 3．What does Finnelle think of the future of the prototype desk? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uninterested. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．A competition is winning popularity. B．A team won a prize with a special design. C．A new invention will come onto the market. D．A program makes students interested in science. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Anne Arundel县中学生为轮椅同学设计适配书桌，获州STEM大奖并晋级全国赛，既助力同学又学会协作。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Southern Viddle School students and their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype (雏形) desk that they hope to be connected to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special kind of illness and uses a computer as his primary way of communication.(Southern Viddle School的学生和他们的科学老师Jenna Borman正在制作一个原型桌子，他们希望将其连接到他们的同学Kenneth的轮椅上，Kenneth患有一种特殊的疾病，主要使用电脑进行交流)”可知，学生们设计雏形书桌是为了满足同学的特殊需求。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段““We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won. So, it was like, wow,” said Avery Willet excitedly. (艾弗里·威利特兴奋地说：“我们以为这只是给Kenny的一个创意，然后我们赢了。所以，这就像，哇。”)”可推知，学生们对获奖感到意外。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There is still room for improvement. Our team is working on the prototype, making changes so it works perfectly for Kenny. We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it freely,” Finnelle said. The final design won’t be ready for the national competition until next month.(Finnelle说：“仍然有改进的空间。我们的团队正在开发原型，进行修改，使其完全适合Kenny。我们真的很期待看到他自由使用它。”。最终设计要到下个月才能为全国比赛做好准备)”可知，Finnelle对书桌的未来充满希望。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The students recently won a statewide Science Technology Engineering Math (STEM) competition called “ Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with $12,000 worth of technology for the school. (这些学生最近赢得了一项名为“为明天解决”的全州科技工程数学（STEM）竞赛，该竞赛为学校带来了价值12000美元的科技产品)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了学生团队凭借特殊设计获奖。故选B项。 Professor Kevin Warwick is an expert in cybernetics — the study of communication systems in humans, animals, and machines. What would happen if the human brain were connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick wants to find out. “I want to try to change things, to have a go at completely changing what it means to be human,” he says. Soon he will have an operation. A glass tube(管状物) will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube, there will be tiny computer circuits(线路). These will pick up messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer. Then the experiment will begin. Says Kevin Warwick: “Pain provides a clear electronic signal(信号) on the nerves as it moves from its starting point to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the same pain?” It is not just about pain. The human nervous system sends many other messages to the brain. The project aims to find whether all of these can be stored on a computer and then played back into the human body. This could serve many different purposes. The computer could provide eyes for a blind person. Anxious or unhappy people are often given medicine to make them feel better. But what if they could put feelings of happiness directly into their minds? Imagine that you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and long to be back with them. Instead of writing a letter, you store these feelings on a computer and send them to your family as an email. Professor Warwick now believes that the success of his new experiment could lead to the evolution(进化) of humans. A human will be able to use the memory(记忆) and mathematical power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings directly across the planet using the Internet. People have used their intelligence(智力) to create increasingly intelligent machines. Has the time now come for the two to join together? 1．What will the computer circuits be used to do? A．Send messages to the brain. B．Send messages to a computer. C．Store messages from the computer. D．Store messages from the nervous system. 2．What is the purpose of the messages stored on a computer? A．To reduce pain. B．To improve memory. C．To improve the human body. D．To get them back when necessary. 3．What does “the two” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Human evolution and machines. B．Humans and human intelligence. C．Human intelligence and computers. D．Human evolution and intelligence. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Professor Warwick? A．Hard-working. B．Creative. C．Clever. D．Brave. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了凯文・沃里克教授作为控制论专家，计划通过手术将手臂神经与电脑电路连接，探索人脑与电脑结合的可能性及潜在应用，进而推动人类进化的实验构想。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Inside the tube, there will be tiny computer circuits. These will pick up messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer.(在管内，将有微型计算机电路。这些电路将接收发送到大脑的信息，并将其发送到电脑。)” 可知，电脑电路的用途是把神经传递给大脑的信息发送到电脑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“The project aims to find whether all of these can be stored on a computer and then played back into the human body.(该项目旨在查明所有这些信息是否都能存储在电脑上，然后再反馈到人体中。)” 可知，将信息存储在电脑上的目的是必要时能将其反馈到人体。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文最后一段“A human will be able to use the memory and mathematical power of the computer.(人类将能够使用电脑的内存和数学能力。) ”及“People have used their intelligence to create increasingly intelligent machines. Has the time now come for the two to join together?(人类利用自己的智力创造出了越来越智能的机器。现在是不是这两者结合的时候了？)” 可知，“the two”指代前文提到的“人类智力”和“电脑”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“What would happen if the human brain were connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick wants to find out. “I want to try to change things, to have a go at completely changing what it means to be human,” he says.(如果人类的大脑与一台功能强大的计算机相连，会发生什么？这正是凯文・沃里克想要弄清楚的。他说：“我想尝试改变一些事情，尝试彻底改变作为人类的意义。”)” 可知，沃里克教授提出将人脑与电脑连接的创新实验，体现了他富有创造力的特质。故选B。 Precision agriculture (精准农业) represents a crucial advancement in contemporary farming. One innovative application employs real-time imaging to visualize (使显现) how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces. Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides (杀虫剂) across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash, who had some family exposure to the process of spraying (喷洒) crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants, which is influenced by various factors including the design of the device, the temperature, wind and other conditions at the time of spraying. To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.” This allows farmers to use only 20-30% of the product per acre while maintaining key functions like pest control, fertilization, and growth regulation. The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection. Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings. Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go, its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels, safeguarding ecosystems and food safety. 1．What can be learned about precision agriculture in paragraph 1? A．It visualizes plants more clearly. B．It uses pesticides more accurately. C．It continuously monitors plant growth. D．It estimates the need of the entire field. 2．How does Jayaprakash’s two-camera system address the challenge? A．By choosing various spraying equipment. B．By calculating the amount of pesticide required. C．By making adjustments to enhance spray efficiency. D．By using imaging to monitor the temperature and wind. 3．What can be the conclusion of Susan Scheufele’s field trials? A．The technology is workable with less costs. B．The technology is useless for removing leaves. C．The technology is only suitable for some plants. D．The technology needs to be improved for better results. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To solve pesticide spraying problems. B．To help farmers reduce their costs. C．To introduce a new agricultural technology. D．To explain a technology’s working principle. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍精准农业这一现代农业技术，包括其基于实时成像的创新应用、双摄像头系统的研发及优势，还有相关田间试验结果与生态价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides (杀虫剂) across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. (与传统农业中农民通常依靠大致估计并在整块田地施用杀虫剂不同，这项技术帮助农民在最大限度提高产量的同时，将投入降至最低。)”可知，精准农业能更精准地使用杀虫剂。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.””(为有效解决这一问题，贾亚普拉卡什研发了一套双摄像头系统。该系统可连接到常规喷洒设备，通过拍摄目标植物上喷洒液的成像来确定需要进行哪些调整。通过调整，系统能实现“恰到好处”的喷洒覆盖。)”可知，贾亚普拉卡什的双摄像头系统通过调整来提高喷洒效率，从而应对挑战。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. (马萨诸塞大学的研究员苏珊·绍费勒已将该技术应用于蔬菜作物的田间试验。在棉花去叶试验中，即使仅使用产品标签上推荐最低用量的50%，该技术也取得了良好效果。)”可知，苏珊·绍费勒的田间试验表明，该技术在降低用量（减少成本）的情况下仍可行。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，第一段介绍精准农业的创新应用，第二段说明其技术研发背景，第三段阐述双摄像头系统的工作方式与优势，第四段提及田间试验结果，第五段强调其生态与食品安全价值，整体围绕“介绍一项新型农业技术（精准农业相关技术）”展开，因此文章的目的是介绍一项新的农业技术。故选C项。 Thanks to this new hands-free suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage may soon become a thing of the past. Designed by an Israeli company NUA Robotics, this “smart” suitcase will follow you everywhere you go. The carry-on suitcase, currently a prototype (雏形), connects to a smart phone app via Bluetooth. It has a built-in camera sensor (传感器) that can “see”  you and follow you around on flat surfaces like airport floors. It comes with an anti-theft alarm to prevent someone carrying it away when you’re not looking and it has a backup battery that you can use to charge all your devices. “It can follow and carry things for people around while communicating with their smart phone, and avoiding obstacles,”  explained Alex Libman, founder of NUA Robotics. “We’re combining sensor network, computer vision, and robotics. So if you download our app, press the follow-me button, the luggage recognizes the specific user and knows to follow and communicate.” NUA is still testing the device and trying to improve features like speed and customization (定制), but they hope to make the suitcase available to customers in a year’s time. If it proves successful, they want to use the Bluetooth pairing technology to automate lots of other devices, like shopping carts at the supermarket. These devices are especially meant to be useful to the physically disabled and elderly. “Any object can be smart and robotic,” Libman said, “We want to bring robots into everyday life.” The Israeli tech company made it clear that the finished product will look just like a regular suitcase. They’re planning to partner with a carry-on luggage maker, since the device(设备) that makes it “smart” weighs just 2.5 pounds and can be fitted on old-fashion luggage. With NUA’s smart suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage isn’t a burden. But how their invention will handle difficult obstacles like stairs? It will be interesting to wait. 1．Why can this carry-on suitcase follow you? A．Because there is a camera sensor inside. B．Because there exists an anti-theft alarm. C．Because it can recognize your smell. D．Because a battery plays a key part. 2．According to the passage, the “smart” suitcase _______. A．can go everywhere B．is on sale now C．can make our hands free during traveling D．was designed by Alex Libman 3．What can we learn about NUA? A．It is an Israeli tech company producing mobile phones. B．It has improved the features of the device. C．It will make the suitcase available to customers in a month. D．It wants to bring more smart and robotic devices into everyday life. 4．Where does the article probably come from? A．A text-book. B．A website. C．An advertisement. D．An entertainment Program. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手提箱的功能及发展前景。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“It has a built-in camera sensor (传感器) that can “see” you and follow you around on flat surfaces like airport floors.(它有一个内置的摄像头传感器，可以“看到”你，并在机场地板等平坦的地面上跟着你)”可知，这个手提箱能跟着你是因为它里面有一个摄像头传感器。故选A。 2．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“Thanks to this new hands-free suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage may soon become a thing of the past.(多亏了这款新的免提手提行李箱，携带沉重的行李可能很快就会成为过去)”以及第二段中“It has a built-in camera sensor (传感器) that can “see” you and follow you around on flat surfaces like airport floors.(它有一个内置的摄像头传感器，可以“看到”你，并在机场地板等平坦的地面上跟着你)”可知，这个“智能”手提箱能让我们的双手在旅行中解放出来。故选C。 3．推理判断题。 根据第四段中“If it proves successful, they want to use the Bluetooth pairing technology to automate lots of other devices, like shopping carts at the supermarket. These devices are especially meant to be useful to the physically disabled and elderly. “Any object can be smart and robotic,” Libman said, “We want to bring robots into everyday life.”(如果它被证明是成功的，他们想使用蓝牙配对技术来实现许多其他设备的自动化，比如超市的购物车。这些设备对残疾人和老年人尤其有用。Libman说：“任何物体都可以是智能的和机器人化的，我们想把机器人带入日常生活。”)”可推知，NUA想把更多的智能和机器人设备带入日常生活。故选D。 4．推理判断题。 根据第一段的“Thanks to this new hands-free suitcase, carrying around heavy luggage may soon become a thing of the past. Designed by an Israeli company NUA Robotics, this “smart” suitcase will follow you everywhere you go.(多亏了这款全新的免提手提行李箱，携带沉重的行李可能很快就会成为过去。这款“智能”手提箱由以色列公司NUA Robotics设计，无论你走到哪里，它都会跟着你)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了以色列一家公司NUA Robotics设计的一款“智能”手提箱，它能跟着人走，并且有防盗报警和备用电池等功能。这篇文章最有可能来自一个介绍科技产品的网站。因为文章内容更像是对一款新科技产品的介绍和评价，而不是来自教科书、广告或娱乐节目。故选B。 Seventeen-year-old Dhanush Eashwar, who has started coding at 7, is one of the 2024 winners of Swift Student Challenge, which tasks young creators with developing apps that solve real-world problems. His submission, Finger Dance, aims to facilitate better communication between the deaf and hearing communities. Using machine learning and augmented reality, it recognizes users’ hand poses and classifies them as American Sign Language (ASL) letters, helping beginners learn ASL. The winning program was developed specifically for the challenge and isn’t in app stores. But the high school senior is working hard on an even more ambitious project that he says will be available to download in the future: an app that translates ASL hand signs to English in real-time — “like a Google Translate for visual languages,” he explained. “I felt that there was a need for technology to actually bridge the gap between both of the communities,” explained Eashwar, who isn’t deaf himself but took ASL in high school. After attending some deaf events around the region, he realized he had an opportunity. “Machine learning is being used in so many different fields, but something that everyone has is their phone, and that’s in their pocket.” As one of the 50 “distinguished winners” in the challenge, Eashwar attended Apple’s annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WDC) in June and met the tech company’s CEO, Tim Cook. “That whole experience was really surreal. It was truly a mind-blowing experience, and it was so insightful,” said Eashwar. “And after that experience, I feel more motivated than ever to actually contribute to the technology community and actually do more.” The STEM star is clearly passionate about the tangible (实际的) and wide-reaching solutions that coding and app development can offer the world. “What really inspired me to get into the field is the high-impact social innovation that you can bring to the world with computer science and machine learning,” Eashwar shared. 1．What is Finger Dance? A．A machine learning device. B．A real-time translation tool. C．An app assisting to learn ASL. D．A program aimed for the deaf. 2．Why did Eashwar decide to develop apps for the deaf and hearing communities? A．To win a series of technological contests. B．To meet Tim Cook at the WDC in person. C．To create scientific innovation projects by coding. D．To connect the two communities using technology. 3．What can be inferred about Eashwar from the text? A．He prefers developing apps for deaf people. B．He is talented for American Sign Language. C．He has a strong sense of social responsibility. D．He is eager to become famous like Tim Cook. 4．What message is the text meant to convey? A．Technology serves society. B．Coding is everything. C．Knowledge changes destiny. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了17岁编程天才Eashwar获Swift学生挑战赛奖项，其开发的应用助力聋人与听力正常人群沟通。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His submission, Finger Dance, aims to facilitate better communication between the deaf and hearing communities. Using machine learning and augmented reality, it recognizes users’ hand poses and classifies them as American Sign Language (ASL) letters, helping beginners learn ASL. (他提交的作品Finger Dance旨在促进聋人群体和听力正常人群之间更好的沟通。该应用利用机器学习和增强现实技术，识别用户的手势并将其归类为美国手语字母，帮助初学者学习美国手语)”可知，Finger Dance是一款辅助学习美国手语的应用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I felt that there was a need for technology to actually bridge the gap between both of the communities. (我认为需要技术来真正弥合这两个群体之间的差距)”可知，Eashwar开发相关应用是为了用技术连接聋人群体和听力正常人群。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“His submission, Finger Dance, aims to facilitate better communication between the deaf and hearing communities. (他提交的作品Finger Dance旨在促进聋人群体和听力正常人群之间更好的沟通)”以及第三段中“I felt that there was a need for technology to actually bridge the gap between both of the communities. (我认为需要技术来真正弥合这两个群体之间的差距)”和最后一段中““What really inspired me to get into the field is the high-impact social innovation that you can bring to the world with computer science and machine learning,” Eashwar shared. (“真正激励我进入这个领域的是，你可以通过计算机科学和机器学习给世界带来的高影响力的社会创新，”Eashwar分享道)”可推知，Eashwar关注社会需求，想用技术解决实际问题，体现出强烈的社会责任感。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“The STEM star is clearly passionate about the tangible (实际的) and wide-reaching solutions that coding and app development can offer the world. “What really inspired me to get into the field is the high-impact social innovation that you can bring to the world with computer science and machine learning,” Eashwar shared. (这位STEM明星显然对编码和应用程序开发可以为世界提供的切实可行、影响广泛的解决方案充满热情。“真正激励我进入这个领域的是，你可以通过计算机科学和机器学习给世界带来的高影响力的社会创新，”Eashwar分享道)”可知，文章围绕Eashwar开发应用助力不同群体沟通展开，凸显其用技术解决社会问题的理念，核心是“技术服务社会”。故选A。 The 2025 Nobel prize in chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi for their work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that may contribute to solving some of humankind’s greatest challenges ranging from reducing pollution, harvesting water out of dry desert air to absorbing greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. The three researchers worked separately in Japan, Australia and the US, but added to each other’s breakthroughs over decades, beginning with Robson’s work in the 1980s. Together, they eventually succeeded in creating stable atomic (原子) structures that preserve holes of specific sizes that allowed gas or liquid to flow in and out. The holes could be adjusted to match the size of specific molecules (分子) that scientists want to hold in place. “The MOFs can be precisely controlled,” said Kim Jelfs, a chemist at Imperial College London. “But more importantly, MOFs seem like the bottomless magical handbag carried by Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter series: It may look small from the outside, but can hold surprisingly huge quantities within it. For instance, a few grams of MOFs may have as much surface area as a soccer field, all of which can be used to store various gases or liquids.” Today, researchers around the world are exploring their potential to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and pollution from industrial sites. Another possibility is to use them to harvest water from desert air. Scientists are also investigating whether they can be used for targeted drug delivery. The idea is to load them with medicine that may be accurately released inside the body. A number of companies have been commercializing MOFs. In 2016, a US company, NuMat, launched a line of gas containers that use MOFs to safely store poisonous gases that are used in the electronics industry. Perhaps, one of the biggest success stories is the CALF-20 MOF, which has been commercialised by the Canadian firm Svante. This MOF can absorb CO₂ from the waste gases from industrial facilities. 1．What is probably Richard Robson’s most important contribution? A．He is the organizer and leader of the three-man team. B．He has succeeded in creating the stable MOFs alone. C．He has found out ways to measure the sizes of molecules. D．He has made the earliest and basic breakthroughs in the lab. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the word “targeted” underlined in paragraph 4? A．Precise. B．Random. C．Timely. D．Urgent. 3．What is the CALF-20 MOF primarily used for? A．Harvesting water from dry air in the desert. B．Separating CO₂ from the industrial waste gases. C．Absorbing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. D．Storing poisonous gases used in the electronics industry. 4．What can we learn about MOFs from the text? A．They can hold an unlimited amount of gas and water. B．They are inspired by Hermione Granger’s handbag. C．They seem small but have a huge surface area inside. D．They are still untested concepts in the researchers’ labs. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕2025年诺贝尔化学奖得主的研究展开，介绍了金属有机框架（MOFs）的研发背景、特性、应用潜力及商业化进展，凸显其对解决人类重大挑战的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The three researchers worked separately in Japan, Australia and the US, but added to each other’s breakthroughs over decades, beginning with Robson’s work in the 1980s.(这三位研究人员分别在日本、澳大利亚和美国工作，但在过去的几十年里，他们的突破相互补充，其中Robson在20世纪80年代的工作是起点。)”可知，Richard Robson在20世纪80年代的工作是三人团队突破的起点，也就是他做出了最早且基本的突破。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“The idea is to load them with medicine that may be accurately released inside the body.(具体思路是将药物装入其中，使其能在人体内精准释放。)”可知，科学家们还在研究它们能否用于靶向药物递送，由此可知，targeted意为“精确的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhaps, one of the biggest success stories is the CALF-20 MOF, which has been commercialised by the Canadian firm Svante. This MOF can absorb CO₂ from the waste gases from industrial facilities.(也许，最成功的案例之一是CALF-20 MOF，它已被加拿大公司Svante商业化。这种MOF可以从工业设施的废气中吸收二氧化碳。)”可知，CALF-20 MOF主要用于从工业废气中分离二氧化碳。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“But more importantly, MOFs seem like the bottomless magical handbag carried by Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter series: It may look small from the outside, but can hold surprisingly huge quantities within it. For instance, a few grams of MOFs may have as much surface area as a soccer field, all of which can be used to store various gases or liquids.(但更重要的是，MOFs就像《哈利·波特》系列中赫敏·格兰杰携带的无底魔法手提包：从外面看可能很小，但内部能容纳惊人的大量物品。例如，几克MOFs的表面积可能与一个足球场一样大，所有这些都可以用来储存各种气体或液体。)”可知，MOFs看起来很小，但内部有巨大的表面积，可以用来储存各种气体或液体。故选C。 Heman Bekele has been named TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024. The 15-year-old has come up with an idea for a soap that could help treat skin cancer, and he is already working with scientists to test his idea. Heman’s family came to the US from Ethiopia when he was four. Heman remembers seeing people there working outside in the sun without proper sun protection, which may well increase the risk of skin cancer. From his parents, he had a deeper understanding of its dangers. Skin cancer can often be cured, but the treatment is extremely expensive for those poor workers. Heman’s natural curiosity led him to experiment with different materials and at the age of 7, he nearly caused a fire with a chemistry set. As he got older, he began to wonder if his curiosity could actually help make a difference. Upon reading about imiquimod, a medicine that can fight early-stage skin cancer, he realized it was a good way to make the medicine work through a simple bar of soap. But Heman knew that simply mixing imiquimod with soap wouldn’t work, as it would just wash away. Instead, he thought of creating a soap that contained the medicine inside super tiny “nanoparticles” (纳米颗粒) to make sure it remains on the skin after the soap washed off, allowing imiquimod to take effect. Last year, when he was 14, Heman created a video explaining his idea, and won the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. He is now working with scientists at Johns Hopkins University, running tests to see if the soap helps mice with skin cancer. Heman knows that it will take a long time and a lot of effort to develop his soap, but he’s excited about the work. He also encourages other young people to contribute. “Just keep inventing and thinking of new ways to improve our world and make it a better place,”Heman says. 1．What drove Heman Bekele to create the soap? A．His curiosity about science. B．His family’s history of skin cancer. C．His concern for unprotected workers outdoors. D．His desire to develop a new medicine. 2．Why does Heman use nanoparticles in his soap? A．To help imiquimod stick to the skin. B．To make imiquimod easier to use. C．To make imiquimod affordable. D．To help imiquimod spread faster. 3．Which of the following best describes Heman according to the text? A．Understanding and modest. B．Calm and frank. C．Efficient and generous. D．Curious and creative. 4．What can be the suitable title of the passage? A．Be a gifted teenager. B．Fight against skin cancer. C．Follow a medical career. D．Meet a young scientist. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍2024年《时代》杂志“年度儿童”赫曼·贝克莱，及其研发可辅助治疗皮肤癌的肥皂的经历与理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Heman remembers seeing people there working outside in the sun without proper sun protection, which may well increase the risk of skin cancer... Skin cancer can often be cured, but the treatment is extremely expensive for those poor workers.(赫曼记得看到那里的人在阳光下户外工作，却没有适当的防晒措施，这很可能会增加患皮肤癌的风险……皮肤癌通常可以治愈，但对那些贫穷的工人来说，治疗费用极其昂贵。)”可知，赫曼因关心户外无防护的工人，才萌生研发这种肥皂的想法。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead, he thought of creating a soap that contained the medicine inside super tiny“nanoparticles” (纳米颗粒) to make sure it remains on the skin after the soap washed off, allowing imiquimod to take effect.(相反，他想到要制作一种肥皂 —— 把药物包裹在超小的“纳米颗粒”里，这样就能确保肥皂被洗掉后，药物依然附着在皮肤上，让咪喹莫特发挥药效。）”可知，使用纳米颗粒是为了让咪喹莫特附着在皮肤上。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Heman’s natural curiosity led him to experiment with different materials(赫曼天生的好奇心促使他尝试不同的材料)”可知，他充满好奇心；再根据第四段中的“Instead, he thought of creating a soap that contained the medicine inside super tiny “nanoparticles” (纳米颗粒) to make sure it remains on the skin after the soap washed off, allowing imiquimod to take effect.(相反，他想到要制作一种肥皂 —— 把药物包裹在超小的“纳米颗粒”里，这样就能确保肥皂被洗掉后，药物依然附着在皮肤上，让咪喹莫特发挥药效)”，可判断他具备创造力。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇介绍赫曼获评“年度儿童”，随后讲述他研发皮肤癌辅助治疗肥皂的背景、过程、当前进展，最后提及他的理念与对他人的鼓励，核心是“介绍这位年轻科学家（赫曼）”。所以短文的标题为“认识一位年轻的科学家”。故选D项。 重难语篇提升练 Dutch scientists have managed to engineer an air-powered soft-bodied robot. The key to unlocking the robot’s self-sustaining movement, despite the absence of a computerized control unit, lies in the strategic integration of aerodynamic principles, whose role is to regulate the airflow dynamics essential for its walking and swimming actions. How this robot works bears a striking similarity to that of “tube dancer”, those tall thin fabric tubes that have air pumped into them. When air fills the tube to the maximum, it makes it stand upright. However, once the tube reaches an upright position, the internal air pressure gradually decreases, causing the tube to bend downward. This bending then makes the pressure rise again, pushing the bent section upward. This process repeats continuously, forming a cyclic motion that gives the robot its moving force. This pressure-driven continuous bending along tubes precisely fuels the robot. Linked to a single air source, its multiple tubes initially move chaotically in different directions but soon adjust their motion, eventually moving in a consistent and harmonized way just like “legs”, with speed regulated by air pressure. One particularly notable characteristic of the robot is its remarkable speed. It can cover a distance 30 times its own body length within a single second, which is just like Usain Bolt, the world’s fastest runner, achieving his speed by finishing 100m in merely 1.71 seconds. Another outstanding feature is that it adjusts automatically to its conditions. It can easily cross uneven ground and when it accidentally knocks into a wall, it turns. If the robot sinks into water, it will immediately adjust its movement pattern and start swimming. Without a control core, the new invention is more like a simple machine than an advanced robot needing difficult programming. Nevertheless, it can do many complex tasks independently. It is widely anticipated that the technology could one day be used in applications such as micro-robots that deliver medicine within the body, or machinery designed for use in harsh environments where electronics may fail, such as outer space. 1．What happens to “the tube dancer” when its internal air pressure peaks? A．It leaks. B．It bends downward. C．It straightens. D．It moves back and forth. 2．What aspect do Paragraph 2 and 3 focus on about the new robot? A．Its power source. B．Its multi-functions. C．Its structural features. D．Its operational mechanism. 3．Why did the author mention Usain Bolt in Paragraph 4? A．To showcase his running speed. B．To test the robot’s performance. C．To stress humans can’t outpace the robot. D．To help readers grasp the robot’s speed. 4．What can we infer about the new invention from the last paragraph? A．It has a bright prospect. B．It relies heavily on programming. C．It’ll lower disease occurrences. D．It has been put into mass production. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰科学家研发的一款气动软体机器人，详细阐述了其工作原理、运动特性和潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When air fills the tube to the maximum, it makes it stand upright. (当空气充满管子达到最大容量时，它会使管子直立起来。)”可知，当“管子舞者”内部气压达到峰值时，管子会伸直。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第二段中“How this robot works bears a striking similarity to that of “tube dancer”, those tall thin fabric tubes that have air pumped into them. When air fills the tube to the maximum, it makes it stand upright.(这个机器人的工作原理与“管子舞者”有着惊人的相似之处，“管子舞者”是那些又高又薄的织物管，里面注入了空气。当空气充满管子达到最大容量时，它会使管子直立起来。)”通过类比“管子舞者”解释了机器人运动的基本原理（气压变化导致弯曲与伸直循环），第三段“Linked to a single air source, its multiple tubes initially move chaotically in different directions but soon adjust their motion, eventually moving in a consistent and harmonized way just like “legs”, with speed regulated by air pressure.(它的多个管道连接在一个单一的气源上，最初在不同的方向上混乱地移动，但很快就会调整它们的运动，最终以一致和协调的方式移动，就像“腿”一样，速度由气压调节。)”则具体说明了多个“管状腿”如何通过单一气源协调运动。因此，这两段的核心都是在阐述机器人的“运作机制”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It can cover a distance 30 times its own body length within a single second, which is just like Usain Bolt, the world’s fastest runner, achieving his speed by finishing 100m in merely 1.71 seconds.(它可以在一秒钟内跑完自身长度30倍的距离，就像世界上最快的跑步者尤塞恩·博尔特以1.71秒的速度跑完100米一样。)”可知，作者提及博尔特是为了通过将其著名的百米速度进行类比换算，让读者更直观地理解该机器人的移动速度有多快。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is widely anticipated that the technology could one day be used in applications such as micro-robots that deliver medicine within the body, or machinery designed for use in harsh environments where electronics may fail, such as outer space.(人们普遍期待这项技术有朝一日能应用于诸如在体内输送药物的微型机器人，或设计用于电子设备可能失灵的诸如外太空这样的恶劣环境的机器。)”可知，该技术在未来有广阔的应用前景，如体内送药微型机器人或在恶劣环境下工作的机器等。A项“它前景光明”准确地概括了这一推断。故选A。 Washington University in St. Louis researchers have developed a filter (滤器) that treats wastewater and also generates electricity-an advance that could reshape energy use at treatment plants. The new system uses bacteria (细菌) to produce an electric charge while breaking down organic material otherwise seen as waste The findings from the lab of Zhen He, a professor of energy, environmental and chemical engineering, were detailed in the academic journal Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. The research fits into a growing set of technologies that pushes back against the traditional view of regarding wastewater as waste and looks instead to put it to beneficial use. Depending on how thoroughly it is treated, recovered water can be repurposed for anything from “undrinkable” uses like crop-watering to drinking water. The Washington U. team’s new filter, however, provides an added bonus. The system uses a cloth to collect organic matter from the wastewater and to provide bacteria with a place to settle. Then, as bacteria consume the organic materials, electrons (电子) are released and gathered by the cloth, creating electricity. Steel around the filter sends the electric current from the “bacteria fuel cell” to an external circuit. That two-way function is what makes the electrode unique. Treating one cubic meter of wastewater could, in theory, generate 20 watts of power for an hour. That means a larger unit or a collection of units could power lights or larger electrical devices! The team, next, aims to develop further and make it leap into the real world. Ideally, He would love to see the filters used by urban wastewater treatment facilities. But He says a more likely, transitional step could be for the filters to first catch on in smaller individual industrial factories that have wastewater to treat. The ultimate aim is to change wastewater treatment from an energy user into a power source. “Is it really a waste?” He asked. “Or can we treat it as a resource?” Viewing wastewater as a resource rather than waste enables sustainable energy generation and promotes environmental protection, presenting a mutually beneficial approach to wastewater treatment. 1．What determines the use of the recovered water? A．The storage time. B．The extent of treatment. C．The amount of bacteria. D．The source of original water. 2．What does the underlined phrase “an added bonus” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Power generation. B．Less pollution. C．Water purification. D．More electrons. 3．What might be the next step for the team? A．Exploring potential markets of the filters. B．Improving the performance of the system. C．Fitting the filters in urban wastewater plants. D．Popularizing the filters in small-sized workshops. 4．Why does He raise questions in the last paragraph? A．To highlight wastewater-not-waste concept. B．To recognize the achievement of the research. C．To stress the urgency of the wastewater treatment. D．To discuss the possible direction for further study. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员开发出一种既能处理废水又能发电的滤器，这种滤器有望改变污水处理厂的能源使用方式，将污水处理从能源消耗转变为能源来源。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Depending on how thoroughly it is treated, recovered water can be repurposed for anything from ‘undrinkable’ uses like crop-watering to drinking water.(根据处理程度的不同，回收水可以重新用于从灌溉等‘不可饮用’用途到饮用水等任何用途。)”可知，回收水的用途取决于处理的程度。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Then, as bacteria consume the organic materials, electrons (电子) are released and gathered by the cloth, creating electricity.(然后，当细菌消耗有机物质时，电子被释放出来并被布料收集，从而产生电能。)”以及画线部分上文“The Washington U. team’s new filter, however, provides(然而，华盛顿大学团队的新滤器提供了)”可知，该团队的新滤器不仅能处理废水，还能产生电能，这是额外的收获，所以“an added bonus”指的是“发电”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The team, next, aims to develop further and make it leap into the real world.(接下来，该团队的目标是进一步开发，使其跃入现实世界。)”以及“But He says a more likely, transitional step could be for the filters to first catch on in smaller individual industrial factories that have wastewater to treat.(但他说，更有可能的过渡步骤是，这些滤器首先在有废水需要处理的小型个体工业工厂中流行起来。)”可推知，该团队的下一步可能是在小型车间推广这些滤器。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Is it really a waste?’ He asked. ‘Or can we treat it as a resource?’ Viewing wastewater as a resource rather than waste enables sustainable energy generation and promotes environmental protection, presenting a mutually beneficial approach to wastewater treatment.(“这真的是浪费吗？”他问道。“或者我们可以把它当作一种资源吗？”将废水视为资源而非废物，能够实现可持续的能源生产，促进环境保护，为废水处理提供一种互利的方法。)”可推知，何教授在最后一段提出问题是为了强调“废水非废物”的概念。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $