专题13 阅读理解（二）（体裁突破）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题13 阅读理解(二)(体裁突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 应用文 应用文体裁包括：广告(分商业广告和公益广告)、启事、书影评、传单海报、说明书和备忘录。其中，广告、启事和书影评出现频率最高。考查题型除细节题外，主要有：“purpose” 类、“main idea/mainly about ”类、“title”类。“purpose” 类题目的四个选项常使用 “不定式to do” 结构。“main idea/mainly about ”类题目的选项涉及到短语(名词短语、动名词短语)和句子(陈述句、疑问句)两大类别。“title”类题目的选项除了包括短语和句子外，还涉及“名词：短语”结构以及混合型(短语、句子、“名词：短语”混合),混合型选项大多是两两对称。 1、答案常均匀分布。每个小标题下面的内容会出一道题，一般不可能就一个小标题的内容连出2至3题。 2、题文不一定同序。题号在前的题目答案不一定就在前面。 3、选项和文中句子一模一样可以选。 4、主旨题的解法要从各个小标题入手。 考点二 记叙文 记叙文的命题形式常有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断等题型。除了推理判断或词义猜测题，记叙文的命题顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。每年的高考题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，主要是围绕记叙文六要素进行命题，以考查细节为主，但都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。 1、对于细节信息题，要抓住整体篇章，看懂主题。利用内容间的因果关系，梳理时间空间顺序，对所考查细节进行剖析了解，确定主题，将零碎的细节组成一个有机的整体。 2、对于词句猜测题，要借助篇章中的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意，遇到陌生词语尽量先避过，遵循先略读再通读的原则，进行仔细推敲。尤其要注重对语境的把握。 3、对于主旨大意题，要注意主题句和主题段，绝大多数的篇章采用总分总结构，要注意段与段之间的联系，注意隐藏的中心思想，研究文章结构，把握句与句之间的关系，注重逻辑关系，从整体把握文章的脉络。 考点三 说明文 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。说明文的结构特点：1、新闻报道类：总体——细节或过程说明。 2、科普类：社会现象或变化——细节(运作原理或原因阐述)——社会效应和相关启示。3、研究调查类：引出话题——调查结果——调查过程(方法、步骤、人员等)——对现实的影响和未来的展望。4、说明呈现类：总体呈现——细节描述(中心句一般在段首)——总结。 1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(因果、现象与本质)。 2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较(对比说明相异、类比说明相似)、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。 3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。 考点四 议论文 议论文是一种作者通过陈述观点，试图说服读者接受其所给的观点的文体，在历年的英语高考题中，议论文体阅读语篇总占一定的比例。相对于其他文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要更加重视。议论文是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。阅读时要把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实作出合理的推断。 1、把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。 2、互推法：议论之后会列举具体例子来支撑观点，或在举例之后发表议论。考生可借助给出的具体实例来推理出抽象的议论，或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义。 3、推理法：推理的结论来自于原文没有直接表达的信息。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系、信息的隐含意等，对文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，透过现象看到本质。 考点五 新闻报道 体裁新闻报道题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题。 4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where, Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓导语便对新闻事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。 欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。 考点一：应用文 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer! Roberts Community School Roberts Community Music School has exciting summer musical opportunities for families on the west side of Rochester. It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes, Piano Discoveries, and a Ukulele choir. Lessons are available for piano, voice, stringed instruments, woodwind and brass(铜管乐器). School of Rock — Rochester With camp choices for all ages and skill levels, School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. Our summer music camps are performance-based, meaning students learn to play by performing together in a fun environment. From beginner camps to songwriting and themed camps, we offer a wide variety of options to ensure your child has an amazing musical experience. Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage. Eastman Community Music School The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students, including Adventure Music Camp for Middle Schoolers, Summer Jazz Studies for High School Students, Baroque workshops, and New Horizons Orchestra Camp: Private lessons are also available for all ages, levels; instruments or voice. Bach to Rock Music School Bach to Rock Music Camps run each week all summer long for all ages and levels! Our camps are designed for students to work with our highly experienced teachers to learn how to play their instruments of choice, develop a band, learn to play songs they love, and have the opportunity to write and create their music. Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio Full or half-day camps are available. No experience is necessary. 1. Which school’s programs are designed to get students on stage performing? A. Roberts Community School. B. School of Rock — Rochester. C. Eastman Community Music School. D. Bach to Rock Music School. 2. What is special about Bach to Rock Music Camps? A. They offer overnight camps. B. They require related experience. C. They offer chances to perform in a TV station. D. They can record music. 3. Who are the music camps mainly intended for? A. Rochester artists. B. Local families. C. School students. D. experienced teachers. 4. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To compare four music schools. B. To encourage students to be music stars. C. To introduce some music summer camps. D. To show the music resources in Rochester. Movie Details & CreditsNational Geographic Films | Release Date: July 29, 2011| PG-13 Summary: The film is a user-generated, feature-length documentary shot on a single day. Enlisted to capture a moment of the day on camera, the global community responded by submitting more than 80,000 videos to YouTube. Life in a Day brings together the most compelling footage to offer a unique experience that shows with beauty, humor, and joyful...Expand Director: Kevin Macdonald Genre(s): Documentary Rating: PG-13 Runtime: 95 min See All Details and Credits Critic Reviews Life in a Day is, without exaggeration, a profound achievement Read full review Moving and insightful. Not a classic by any means, but a fascinating glimpse of the way we live today. Read full review Life really sings when it’s simply pulling together thematic montages-of waking up, food preparation on answers to the question “What do you fear?” — or letting a genuine moment unfold without comment. Read full review Macdonald knows plenty about crafting something evocative from unscripted material. Read full review There are dull spots, as with any other day, yet “Life” aims to be, and occasionally is, like a You Tube-y “Our Town,” giving a sense of what it is to be alive on planet Earth. Read full review User Reviews Life in a Day attempts the impossible-representing the experiences of the entire world on 24th July 2010.While this task could never be achieved to perfection, director Kevin MacDonald and his army of You tube contributors manage to create a fascinating smorgasbord of the day-to-day ... Expand The movie is decent. “Life in Day” is literally a 2010 July 24th time capsule. You can observe everything, all the beautiful sights and events, but that’s the farthest reach the movie will take you. I would recommend this film to artists, I guess? You tube’s “Life in a Day” has too much flaws; it spills in racism, self-deprivation, sexism, and death. Kevin McDonald here does a beautiful job in fusing these parts together but falls to cover up these cons. However, after watching this documentary I related how many things happened in ...Expand Life in A Day has so many profound moments but overall it never really feels like a coherent piece of film. I know its hard with so many different voices, videos and ideas to work with to make everything come together but Life poses 3 major questions but then fails to go into enough detail...Expand 1. This material is taken from a website of film ________. A. review B. introduction C. rating D. downloading 2. The word “Metascore” on the top left corner in the comment area refers to ________. A. how good the movie is according to the viewers. B. how mainstream media think of the movie C. what critics have written about the movie D. what credits newspaper offices have given 3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Almost half of the reviews on Life in a Day are very negative. B. In terms of positive reviews, user group has a lower percentage than critic group. C. If you click SEE ALL 18 REVIEWS, you will be sure to find a score less than 58. D. Life in à Day belongs to the category of realism in this website. 4. If you click the icon “Expand” in grandpajoe6191’s reviews, you will probably find the full sentence “However, after watching the full documentary I realized how many things happened in ________”. A. minorities, who suffer racial discrimination B. the lower class, for which I feel quite sorry C. the upper class, of which I am very jealous D. ordinary people, from whom I can learn a lot 考点二：记叙文 (2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)I’ve always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt aged nine. Then three years ago, I began making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe-making course. I immediately asked my mum to book me on a four-day course in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten-day course there in the summer holidays. I love the courses. On the longer one, I made four pairs of shoes! I couldn’t believe it. The teachers were excellent. That’s what was best about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too. I’ve made about 15 pairs of shoes now. At the moment I’m making a pair of trainers (运动鞋) using an old pair of jeans, but I’ve used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes has changed my plans for the future. I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer. I’ve decided I’ll do home design. I’ve designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I’d like to try something new. 1. What do we know about the writer from the first two paragraphs? A. She began making shoes three years ago. B. She made her first skirt at the age of eight. C. She booked a four-day course in the summer holidays. D. She told her cousin about an online shoe-making course. 2. What did the writer like most about the courses? A. The classes were given online. B. She enjoyed staying in London. C. The teachers there were excellent. D. She made about 15 pairs of shoes. 3. What material is the writer using for trainers now? A. Old skirts. B. Old cotton dresses. C. Old jeans. D. Old leather handbags. 4. What would the writer like to be in the future? A. A shoe designer. B. A home designer. C. A course designer. D. A clothes designer. When I first moved into a traditional hutong in Beijing, the narrow alleyways felt like a maze(迷宫). My tiny room was part of a siheyuan shared with three Chinese families. Back home in London, I lived in a quiet suburban house with a private garden. Here, I could hear neighbors chatting through paper-thin walls, and the smell of stir-fried vegetables often drifted into my room. It was overwhelming yet strangely alive. The biggest shock came the next morning. I stepped outside to find a communal tap(公共水龙头) where residents brushed teeth and washed vegetables side by side. An elderly man in pajamas nodded at me while spitting into the drain — a common practice here but shocking to Western eyes. Later, when I tried to throw trash into a bin, Mrs. Li from next door rushed over, sorting my waste into four colorful categories with a patient smile. “Recycling matters,” she said, though I understood little Chinese. Gradually, the hutong revealed its magic. Children played hopscotch(跳房子游戏) on stone paths, and shopkeepers knew everyone’s name. One rainy day, my roof leaked. Before I could call for help, one of my neighbors climbed up with a ladder and fixed it himself. That evening, he invited me for jiaozi. As we dipped them in vinegar, I realized privacy in the West meant disconnection; here, “noisy closeness” meant belonging. Now, when I bike past the morning crowds buying baozi or see neighbors playing chess under tree shades, I feel at home. The hutong taught me that culture shock is just the first step to discovering a new way of living - one where community wraps around you like a warm quilt. 1. Why did the author mention his life in London in Paragraph 1? A. To suggest his family’s wealth. B. To explain why he moved to Beijing. C. To show his attachment to his country. D. To contrast his previous and present life. 2. What surprised the author most on the first morning? A. The shared use of a water tap. B. The smell of cooking in the air. C. The complex layout of the hutong. D. The queuing up habit of neighbors. 3. What does “noisy closeness” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Terrible living conditions. B. Active community interactions. C. The value of personal privacy. D. Loud arguments between neighbors. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Guide to Exploring Hutongs B. Chinese Insights into Social Life C. The Maze That Became My Home D. Trash Sorting That Changed China 考点三：说明文 (湖南省邵阳市武冈市2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平合格性考试模拟卷英语试题)In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models. These models are designed to help people in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and technology. According to the company, their latest AI system can understand and process human language more accurately than ever before. This breakthrough could change the way we interact with technology in the future. DeepSeek’s new AI model, called DeepSeek-V3, is particularly good at reading and analyzing text. It can understand complex sentences, answer questions, and even summarize long articles. The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts. In addition to its educational applications, DeepSeek-V3 is also being used in healthcare. Doctors and researchers are testing the AI to see if it can help diagnose(诊断) diseases faster and more accurately. The company believes that this technology could save lives by providing quick and reliable information to medical professionals. However, some people are concerned about the risks of AI. They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues(伦理问题). DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize(优先考虑) human safety and well-being. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek remains optimistic about the future of AI. The company is continuing to improve its technology and hopes to make AI more accessible to everyone. As AI becomes more advanced, it could revolutionize(彻底改变) the way we live, work, and learn. 1. What is the main topic of the article? A. The history of DeepSeek. B. The future of education technology. C. The risks of using AI in healthcare. D. The latest breakthrough in AI by Deep Seek. 2. How can DeepSeek-V3 help students and teachers? A. By helping with homework, research, and learning. B. By replacing teachers in the classroom. C. By diagnosing diseases in schools. D. By creating new educational games. 3. What is one concern people have about AI? A. It might become too expensive. B. It might replace human jobs. C. It might be too difficult to use. D. It might only be available to wealthy people. 4. What does DeepSeek promise to prioritize in its use of AI? A. Making more money. B. Replacing human workers. C. Human safety and well-being. D. Developing entertainment technology. If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them. The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction,” said the study’s lead author, Frederick Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles. The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect — positively or negatively — as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child. The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old. They represented a variety of incomes and education. The researchers found that, in an average day, children hear about 13,000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day. Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1,000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children. When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development. But, when the three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children. “The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is,” Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes. They’ll also tailor their speech to the child. Parents can give a child words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’. But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment,” she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time — maybe at bath time or at dinner time — that’s a wonderful thing.” 1. The researchers also found that TV viewing_______. A. could have a positive effect on a child’s language development B. had a little effect on a child’s language development C. affected a child’s language development more negatively than positively D. affected a child’s language development both negatively and positively 2. Frederick Zimmerman would probably agree that_______. A. parents should let their children talk most of the time B. children should watch TV programs selectively C. the conversation between parents and children should be two-way D. it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking 3. We can conclude from the last paragraph that_______. A. parents should let a child repeat what he or she says B. bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child C. parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time D. parents should leave a child talking alone 4. The underlined word “tailor” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by_______. A. control B. improve C. pass D. adjust 考点四：议论文 (湖南省株洲芦淞区2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平调研考试英语试题)Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism(机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic(巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty (新奇的事物). While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The familiarity principle. B. The advertising cost. C. The improved service. D. The law of the market. 2. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Our preferences affect our decisions. B. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions. C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword. D. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone B. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone C. Spare A Thought For Your Preference D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect Yet loneliness has become so widespread that it is often termed a modern epidemic. Why? A common explanation is the loss of “social connection.” What does it really mean to be socially connected? Is it quantified by the number of one’s friends both online and offline, or is it defined by the quality and depth of these relationships? However, some experts argue that loneliness transcends mere social isolation. It is possible to maintain hundreds of digital connections yet still endure profound feelings of loneliness. Norwegian writer Hilde Østby, in her book So Lonely, suggests that loneliness emerges when there’s a gap between the social connections we desire and those we actually possess. Individuals in densely populated urban areas frequently report higher levels of loneliness than those in rural communities. While strong social ties can reduce loneliness, close-knit societies report high loneliness rates. Østby further investigates the psychological and physical effects of loneliness. It is linked to emotions like grief and shame, and it can even harm one’s health. She believes that loneliness is sometimes caused by social division — marginalization(边缘化) due to racism, sexism, or other forms of prejudice. She coins the word “lonelify” to describe this process — how people are deliberately made to feel excluded. However, loneliness is not only caused by social exclusion. It can affect anyone, regardless of age or background. Although technology and contemporary lifestyles may contribute to the problem, at its core, loneliness remains a profoundly human experience. Østby’s book encourages us to rethink loneliness — not just as a personal issue, but as a social one. She calls for more inclusive communities and reminds us that small acts of kindness, like a smile or a conversation, can help others feel less alone. After all, in a world where so many feel lonely, connection might be the cure we all need. 1. What does the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. results from. B. goes beyond. C. depends on. D. equals. 2. What factor does Hilde Østby believe leads to loneliness? A. Numerous online friends only. B. Urban living environments. C. A gap in social connections. D. Long-term social isolation. 3. What can we infer from the author’s discussion of Østby’s views? A. Needs individual and societal efforts. B. Technology is the root cause. C. Mainly affects marginalized groups. D. Small kindnesses are most effective. 4. What is the passage’s main purpose? A. Explain loneliness’s causes and solutions. B. Analyze social connections and loneliness. C. Argue loneliness is a societal issue. D. Introduce a book and its insights. 考点五：新闻报道 William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths, providing their sons with a unique growing environment. Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers(运动鞋)—these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family. Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow. Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. “We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they are people just like us, everywhere. We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.” However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time. Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test. “You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world,” he says. 1. How can we describe the Lindesays’ trips? A. Pleasant. B. Conventional C. Challenging. D. Dangerous. 2. What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Visit. B. Avoid. C. Compare. D. Evaluate. 3. What problem does the family meet when traveling? A. They have scheduling conflicts. B. They suffer from a tight budget. C. They are faced with language barriers. D. They hold different educational ideas. 4. Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text? A. Toughness is the best assistant of will. B. Man who travels far knows more. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. There is no royal road to learning. Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips(芯片). The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now,several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded. In fact,years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services.After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020,shared bike companies started installing(安装) Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.The latest chips which are popular with shared bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types. Since 2000,a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 202the system was completed and started providing global services.Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks,along with the United States’ GPS,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services. 1. What can users benefit from the new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips? A. They can speed up while riding B. They can record crimes. C. They can know their speed. D. They can get the batteries charged 2. How many are there global navigation networks in total? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More and more people take shared bikes to work. B. Employment has risen because of new technology C. Shared bikes will be more and more popular in China D. We must rise to the challenges of new technology 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Application of chips in China, B. Development of shared bikes in China. C. Promotion of new technology and its products. D. The Applications of Beidou Navigation Satellite System 一、阅读理解 A The Four Best Wildlife Experiences in Bali Ready to start great adventures? Check out the four most exciting ways to experience wildlife in Bali! Ubud Monkey Forest Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Got some monkey business going on? Head down to Ubud Monkey Forest, a shelter for over 700 long-tailed monkeys. These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! However, don’t be mad because they mean no harm. They won’t hurt you as long as you don’t grab or touch them suddenly. Bali Reptile Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder(冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park. Inside this man-made jungle is the most extensive collection of reptiles in Southeast Asia! Be prepared to drop your jaw upon seeing the alligators and crocodiles(鳄鱼) walking around near the pond. With a guided animal encounter, you can get up close with them! Bali Bird Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Bali Bird Park houses over 1,000 birds of 250 rare species. You’ll spot all the colors of the rainbow as birds of all shapes and sizes fly to you. Catch the magnificent Scarlet Macaw and the stylish Balinese Mynah. Apart from these, there are also tons of unique experiences in the park like meeting the endangered Komodo dragons. Lombok Wildlife Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) This park makes the most out of your zoo experience with lots of fun-filled activities, starting with an elephant meeting and greeting and capping off the day with afternoon tea with some friendly animals. Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans (红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! 1. Which of the following offers a more adventurous experience? A. Bali Reptile Park. B. Ubud Monkey Forest. C. Bali Bird Park. D. Lombok Wildlife Park. 2. What can visitors do in Lombok Wildlife Park? A. Ride elephants. B. Feed some alligators. C. Play with crocodiles. D. Interact with orangutans. 3. What do the four have in common? A. They forbid taking food in. B. They are open at the same time. C. They involve endangered animals. D. They focus on wildlife protection. 4. What can we learn about Ubud Monkey Forest? A. It is home to over 1,000 monkeys. B. Visitors can freely touch the monkeys. C. Monkeys there may take away visitors’ snacks. D. It closes earlier on weekends than on weekdays. B What would you do to earn money if all you had was five dollars and two hours? This is the assignment(任务) I gave students in my very first course at the Stanford School. What would you do if you were given this challenge? When I asked this question to most groups, someone usually shouted out “Go to Las Vegas” or “Buy a lottery ticket”. This got a big laugh. These folks would take a significant risk in return for a small chance of earning a big reward. The next most common suggestion was to set up a car wash or lemonade stand, using the five dollars to purchase starting materials. This was a fine option for anyone interested in earning a few extra dollars of spending money in two hours. But most of the students eventually found a way to move far beyond the standard responses. They took seriously the challenge to question traditional assumptions, exposing a wealth of possibilities, in order to create as much value as possible. How did they do this? Here’s a clue: The teams that made the most money didn’t use the five dollars at all. They realized that focusing on the money actually framed the problem too tightly. They understood that five dollars is nearly nothing and decided to reinterpret (重新解读) the problem more broadly: What can you do to make money if you start with nothing? I count the Five-Dollar Challenge as a success in teaching students about thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家). In fact, they tapped into their talents and unlocked their creativity to identify problems — problems that they experienced or noticed others experiencing, or that they might have seen before but had never thought to solve. By discovering these problems and then working to solve them, the winning team brought in more than six hundred dollars, and the average rate of return on the five-dollar investment was 4 000 percent! If you take into account that many of the teams didn’t use the funds at all, then their financial returns were infinite (极大的). 5. What can we infer about the students who put forward the second most common suggestion? A. They are creative. B. They are practical. C. They like taking chances. D. They like trying new things. 6. What’s the author’s suggestion about his assignment? A. Ignoring the money. B. Getting some support. C. Raising more money. D. Asking for some advice. 7. How much did the students make with the five-dollar investment on average? A. 100 dollars. B. 200 dollars. C. 400 dollars. D. 600 dollars. 8. What’s the purpose of the author assignment for his students? A. To turn them into entrepreneurs. B. To help them make more money. C. To encourage them to think creatively. D. To create some opportunities for them. C Suppose you are out shopping and come across a friend who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in his tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you.” Where did this come from? Clearly, your body language must have given you away. The idea that verbal and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lucylle Armentano. As part of her study of communication in relationships, Armentano’s research also examined communication channels in people meeting for the first time. To test the role of a mismatch between verbal messages and nonverbal messages on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, with gestures, or both. The gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arms, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting, and accordingly give their responses. Turning to the findings, those nonverbal implications for nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal expressions. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal implications were high. Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, you should keep your body still and face toward that person. If you’re not trying to look interested, it may be more polite to say you have to be somewhere else. 9. What is indicated in the first paragraph? A. The disadvantages of body language. B. The mismatch between acts and words. C. The difficulty in interacting with friends. D. The boredom of a meaningless conversation. 10. What were the 82 Yale students asked to do? A. Respond to the student’s request. B. Identify the types of body language. C. Try to win the other student’s trust. D. Express uneasiness with body language. 11. What may better help the student win a favour? A. His good manners in the process. B. His sincere verbal expressions. C. His appropriate gestures of nervousness. D. His positive attitude to helping behavior. 12. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Make a prediction. B. Present some facts. C. Give some warnings. D. Provide some advice. D Not long ago, you had to physically hand over cash to buy something. You witnessed it exit your wallet. You sensed it. But with payment services Klarna or Clearpay, you can now pay for a new phone in three installments (分期付款) and barely notice the difference. This isn’t just a shopping habit; it’s a reflection of how we relate to money today. We are becoming increasingly free of the emotional burden of spending. Additionally, our mental health is being profoundly affected by this quiet shift. The popularity of Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) plans has soared. They promise freedom and flexibility, but the ease of use can trick our minds. When payment is divided into smaller payments, we are wired to feel less emotionally tired. Although the £15 payments seem insignificant, they quickly add up. Psychologists found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. In societies where digital credit is easily accessible but financial education is limited, this behaviour can fall into lasting debt. Stress over money doesn’t stay in the bank. It follows us into our homes and even our sleep. Researches have shown that personal debt is strongly associated with depression and anxiety. That’s why we need to talk about money more often — not just how to make it, but how we feel about it — in families, schools, workplaces, and therapy rooms. Therapists should be able to ask about financial stress with confidence. Financial education ought to be treated as essential in schools. Additionally, we should normalize debt-related conversations to relieve people’s feelings of shame. Financial stress can make you feel helpless. But by addressing the emotional side of money and building healthier habits, we can move from crisis to confidence. We live in a world where money is invisible. But the emotional burden it takes is very real. If we start noticing that cost, we might finally treat money not only as a resource, but as something deeply psychological. 13. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Klarna and Clearpay help people save money. B. Digital payments are now relatively preferred. C. Invisible payments have improved mental health. D. Installments ease the emotional spending burden. 14. What may BNPL result in? A. Improved financial knowledge. B. Easy access to digital credit. C. Overspending and long-term debt. D. Decrease of small-amount expenses. 15. How can we build healthier financial habits? A. Value financial education. B. Hide feelings of shame. C. Mask people’s financial stress. D. Highlight debt-related problems. 16. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cash Shopping: The Healthy Way of Consumption B. Money’s Emotional Cost: Beyond Invisible Payments C. BNPL: A New Approach to Boost Consumer Spending D. Financial Education: The Core to Cutting Expenses 二、完形填空 Lee Shapiro is a retired judge. At one point in his career, Lee realized that 1 is the greatest power there is. Lee created what he calls his Hugger Kit. On the outside it 2   “A heart for a hug”. The inside contains 30 little red embroidered(刺绣的) hearts with stickums(胶) on the 3 . Lee will go around to people and offer them a little red heart in 4 for a hug. One day, Lee’s friend Nancy Johnston 5 on his doorstep. Nancy is a professional clown and she was wearing her clown costume, make-up and all. “Lee, 6 a bunch of your Hugger Kits and let’s go out to the home for 7 .” When they arrived, they started giving out balloon hats, hearts and hugs to the patients. Lee had never before hugged people who were terminally ill, severely retarded or quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪的). It was definitely a(an)   8 . But after a while it became easier, with Lee 9 a group of doctors and nurses who followed them from ward to ward. Finally, Lee came to the last person, Leonard. Lee looked at the man dribbling(流口水) onto his bib and   10 . Nancy whispered, “Come on, Lee. He’s a(an) 11 human being, too, isn’t he?” Lee took one of his little red hearts and placed it on Leonard’s bib. He took a deep 12 , leaned down and gave Leonard a hug. 13 , Leonard began to squeal, “Eeeeehh! Eeeeehh!” Lee turned to the staff for some sort of 14 only to find that every doctor, nurse and orderly was 15 . Lee asked the head nurse, “What’s going on?” Lee will never forget what she said: “This is the first time in 23 years we’ve seen Leonard smile.” 1. A. justice B. love C. fairness D. health 2. A. reads B. writes C. claims D. explains 3. A. front B. back C. side D. edge 4. A. charge B. conversation C. communication D. exchange 5. A. showed up B. turned into C. showed off D. came over 6. A. catch B. hold C. grab D. scratch 7. A. the disabled B. the poor C. the miserable D. the inferior 8. A. stretch B. treatment C. cure D. injury 9. A. guiding B. preserving C. leading D. acquiring 10. A. confused B. shocked C. hesitated D. sympathized 11. A. fellow B. kind C. same D. alike 12. A. thought B. breath C. whisper D. look 13. A. In the end B. In response C. All of a sudden D. Little by little 14. A. expectation B. explanation C. encouragement D. recognition 15. A. laughing B. shouting C. screaming D. crying 三、语法填空 People don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time 1 friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is highly popular in the UK. There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere. People go with friends or family to talk and relax after going 2 (shop). Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places 3 (read) in peace, or to sit and write. In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist(存在), or, 4 least, is still very new. Famous for its coffee, I imagined that even the 5 (small) Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist 6 they are not as common as I had expected. The ones that do exist are very different from those in the HK. They are places where you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoy a 7 (peace) moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly. Every time I go alone with a book, some customers look at me 8 (strange). This may be the culture only in Pasto, 9 is a beautiful place; other Colombian 10 (city) perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture. 四、应用文写作 假定你是校科学社负责人李华，计划创办英文期刊Science Insights。诺贝尔奖一直以来备受关注，社团决定以此为创刊号核心内容。请你撰写一篇创刊词，内容包括： (1)创刊初衷； (2)简要介绍一位诺贝尔奖得主及其成就； (3)邀请同学投稿。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear readers, It is with great excitement that we launch our new English journal, Science Insights. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The editorial department 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 阅读理解(二)(体裁突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 应用文 应用文体裁包括：广告(分商业广告和公益广告)、启事、书影评、传单海报、说明书和备忘录。其中，广告、启事和书影评出现频率最高。考查题型除细节题外，主要有：“purpose” 类、“main idea/mainly about ”类、“title”类。“purpose” 类题目的四个选项常使用 “不定式to do” 结构。“main idea/mainly about ”类题目的选项涉及到短语(名词短语、动名词短语)和句子(陈述句、疑问句)两大类别。“title”类题目的选项除了包括短语和句子外，还涉及“名词：短语”结构以及混合型(短语、句子、“名词：短语”混合),混合型选项大多是两两对称。 1、答案常均匀分布。每个小标题下面的内容会出一道题，一般不可能就一个小标题的内容连出2至3题。 2、题文不一定同序。题号在前的题目答案不一定就在前面。 3、选项和文中句子一模一样可以选。 4、主旨题的解法要从各个小标题入手。 考点二 记叙文 记叙文的命题形式常有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断等题型。除了推理判断或词义猜测题，记叙文的命题顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。每年的高考题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，主要是围绕记叙文六要素进行命题，以考查细节为主，但都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。 1、对于细节信息题，要抓住整体篇章，看懂主题。利用内容间的因果关系，梳理时间空间顺序，对所考查细节进行剖析了解，确定主题，将零碎的细节组成一个有机的整体。 2、对于词句猜测题，要借助篇章中的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意，遇到陌生词语尽量先避过，遵循先略读再通读的原则，进行仔细推敲。尤其要注重对语境的把握。 3、对于主旨大意题，要注意主题句和主题段，绝大多数的篇章采用总分总结构，要注意段与段之间的联系，注意隐藏的中心思想，研究文章结构，把握句与句之间的关系，注重逻辑关系，从整体把握文章的脉络。 考点三 说明文 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。说明文的结构特点：1、新闻报道类：总体——细节或过程说明。 2、科普类：社会现象或变化——细节(运作原理或原因阐述)——社会效应和相关启示。3、研究调查类：引出话题——调查结果——调查过程(方法、步骤、人员等)——对现实的影响和未来的展望。4、说明呈现类：总体呈现——细节描述(中心句一般在段首)——总结。 1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(因果、现象与本质)。 2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较(对比说明相异、类比说明相似)、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。 3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。 考点四 议论文 议论文是一种作者通过陈述观点，试图说服读者接受其所给的观点的文体，在历年的英语高考题中，议论文体阅读语篇总占一定的比例。相对于其他文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要更加重视。议论文是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。阅读时要把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实作出合理的推断。 1、把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。 2、互推法：议论之后会列举具体例子来支撑观点，或在举例之后发表议论。考生可借助给出的具体实例来推理出抽象的议论，或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义。 3、推理法：推理的结论来自于原文没有直接表达的信息。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系、信息的隐含意等，对文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，透过现象看到本质。 考点五 新闻报道 体裁新闻报道题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题。 4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where, Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓导语便对新闻事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。 欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。 考点一：应用文 (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer! Roberts Community School Roberts Community Music School has exciting summer musical opportunities for families on the west side of Rochester. It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes, Piano Discoveries, and a Ukulele choir. Lessons are available for piano, voice, stringed instruments, woodwind and brass(铜管乐器). School of Rock — Rochester With camp choices for all ages and skill levels, School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. Our summer music camps are performance-based, meaning students learn to play by performing together in a fun environment. From beginner camps to songwriting and themed camps, we offer a wide variety of options to ensure your child has an amazing musical experience. Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage. Eastman Community Music School The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students, including Adventure Music Camp for Middle Schoolers, Summer Jazz Studies for High School Students, Baroque workshops, and New Horizons Orchestra Camp: Private lessons are also available for all ages, levels; instruments or voice. Bach to Rock Music School Bach to Rock Music Camps run each week all summer long for all ages and levels! Our camps are designed for students to work with our highly experienced teachers to learn how to play their instruments of choice, develop a band, learn to play songs they love, and have the opportunity to write and create their music. Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio Full or half-day camps are available. No experience is necessary. 1. Which school’s programs are designed to get students on stage performing? A. Roberts Community School. B. School of Rock — Rochester. C. Eastman Community Music School. D. Bach to Rock Music School. 2. What is special about Bach to Rock Music Camps? A. They offer overnight camps. B. They require related experience. C. They offer chances to perform in a TV station. D. They can record music. 3. Who are the music camps mainly intended for? A. Rochester artists. B. Local families. C. School students. D. experienced teachers. 4. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To compare four music schools. B. To encourage students to be music stars. C. To introduce some music summer camps. D. To show the music resources in Rochester. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章是关于四个音乐夏令营的介绍。 1. 细节理解题。根据School of Rock—Rochester部分中“Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage. (我们的目标是让青少年为舞台上的现场表演做好准备。)”可知，这个学校的夏令营专注于学生的舞台表演。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据Bach to Rock Music School部分中“Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio Full or half-day camps are available. (每周的夏令营都有机会在我们的工作室录音，全天或半天的夏令营都可以选择。)”可知，Bach to Rock Music Camps的特殊之处在于它们可以录制音乐，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据Roberts Community School部分中“It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes, Piano Discoveries, and a Ukulele choir. (它提供两个为期7周的幼儿班、钢琴探索和尤克里里合唱团。)”、School of Rock—Rochester部分中“With camp choices for all ages and skill levels, School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. (摇滚学校为所有年龄段和技能水平的孩子提供营地选择，是您孩子完美的夏季活动。)”；Eastman Community Music School部分中“The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students (伊士曼社区音乐学校今年夏天为中学生和高中生提供不同的日间课程和通宵音乐营)”以及Bach to Rock Music School部分中“Our camps are designed for students (我们的夏令营是为学生设计的)”可知，学校学生可以参加文中介绍的音乐夏令营。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer! (在夏天，大罗切斯特地区充满了学习和表演音乐的机会！)”并结合本文主要介绍了四个音乐夏令营可知，本文的目的是介绍与音乐有关的夏令营，故选C。 Movie Details & CreditsNational Geographic Films | Release Date: July 29, 2011| PG-13 Summary: The film is a user-generated, feature-length documentary shot on a single day. Enlisted to capture a moment of the day on camera, the global community responded by submitting more than 80,000 videos to YouTube. Life in a Day brings together the most compelling footage to offer a unique experience that shows with beauty, humor, and joyful...Expand Director: Kevin Macdonald Genre(s): Documentary Rating: PG-13 Runtime: 95 min See All Details and Credits Critic Reviews Life in a Day is, without exaggeration, a profound achievement Read full review Moving and insightful. Not a classic by any means, but a fascinating glimpse of the way we live today. Read full review Life really sings when it’s simply pulling together thematic montages-of waking up, food preparation on answers to the question “What do you fear?” — or letting a genuine moment unfold without comment. Read full review Macdonald knows plenty about crafting something evocative from unscripted material. Read full review There are dull spots, as with any other day, yet “Life” aims to be, and occasionally is, like a You Tube-y “Our Town,” giving a sense of what it is to be alive on planet Earth. Read full review User Reviews Life in a Day attempts the impossible-representing the experiences of the entire world on 24th July 2010.While this task could never be achieved to perfection, director Kevin MacDonald and his army of You tube contributors manage to create a fascinating smorgasbord of the day-to-day ... Expand The movie is decent. “Life in Day” is literally a 2010 July 24th time capsule. You can observe everything, all the beautiful sights and events, but that’s the farthest reach the movie will take you. I would recommend this film to artists, I guess? You tube’s “Life in a Day” has too much flaws; it spills in racism, self-deprivation, sexism, and death. Kevin McDonald here does a beautiful job in fusing these parts together but falls to cover up these cons. However, after watching this documentary I related how many things happened in ...Expand Life in A Day has so many profound moments but overall it never really feels like a coherent piece of film. I know its hard with so many different voices, videos and ideas to work with to make everything come together but Life poses 3 major questions but then fails to go into enough detail...Expand 1. This material is taken from a website of film ________. A. review B. introduction C. rating D. downloading 2. The word “Metascore” on the top left corner in the comment area refers to ________. A. how good the movie is according to the viewers. B. how mainstream media think of the movie C. what critics have written about the movie D. what credits newspaper offices have given 3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Almost half of the reviews on Life in a Day are very negative. B. In terms of positive reviews, user group has a lower percentage than critic group. C. If you click SEE ALL 18 REVIEWS, you will be sure to find a score less than 58. D. Life in à Day belongs to the category of realism in this website. 4. If you click the icon “Expand” in grandpajoe6191’s reviews, you will probably find the full sentence “However, after watching the full documentary I realized how many things happened in ________”. A. minorities, who suffer racial discrimination B. the lower class, for which I feel quite sorry C. the upper class, of which I am very jealous D. ordinary people, from whom I can learn a lot 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了一部来自电影评论网站名为“LIFE IN A DAY”的电影的评论。 1. 推理判断题。根据图片以及图片中的“Movie Details and Credits, Metascore,User Score,Critic Reviews,User Reviews”可知，电影细节和制作职员名单，主流媒体评分，批评评论，用户评论。由此判断出这一材料取自电影评论网站。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据图片中的“POSITIVE,MIXED ,NEGATIVE”可知，这是从积极的、消极的和混合的三个方面对于电影的评价。再结合右侧的“User Score”(用户评分)可知，与之相对的是“媒体评分”，所以评论区左上角的“Metascore”一词指的是主流媒体对这部电影的看法。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Metascore”中的评论数量可知，积极的评论是11条，消极的评论是2条，混合的评论是5条，总共是18条，平均得分为58分。由此可知，如果点击看所有18条评论，一定能看到分数低于58分的评论。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据图中的“You tube’s “Life in a Day” has too much flaws; it spills in racism, self-deprivation, sexism, and death. Kevin McDonald here does a beautiful job in fusing these parts together but falls to cover up these cons. However, after watching this documentary I related how many things happened in (YouTube的Life in a Day存在太多缺陷；充斥着种族主义、自我贬低、性别歧视和死亡。凯文·麦克唐纳在此片中出色地将这些片段融合在一起，却未能掩盖这些弊端。然而，在观看这部纪录片后，我联想到了生活中发生的诸多事情。)”可知，Youtube的“Life In a Day”有太多的缺陷；它还充斥着种族主义、自我剥夺、性别歧视和死亡。Kevin Mcdonald在这里做了一个漂亮的工作，把这些部分融合在一起，但未能掩盖这些缺点，由此可见，这个人评论的是该部电影反映出的消极一面，因此点开“全部”后你会看到：然而，在看了完整的纪录片后，我意识到在下层阶级发生了许多事情，对此我感到非常遗憾。故选B项。 考点二：记叙文 (2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)I’ve always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt aged nine. Then three years ago, I began making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe-making course. I immediately asked my mum to book me on a four-day course in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten-day course there in the summer holidays. I love the courses. On the longer one, I made four pairs of shoes! I couldn’t believe it. The teachers were excellent. That’s what was best about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too. I’ve made about 15 pairs of shoes now. At the moment I’m making a pair of trainers (运动鞋) using an old pair of jeans, but I’ve used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes has changed my plans for the future. I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer. I’ve decided I’ll do home design. I’ve designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I’d like to try something new. 1. What do we know about the writer from the first two paragraphs? A. She began making shoes three years ago. B. She made her first skirt at the age of eight. C. She booked a four-day course in the summer holidays. D. She told her cousin about an online shoe-making course. 2. What did the writer like most about the courses? A. The classes were given online. B. She enjoyed staying in London. C. The teachers there were excellent. D. She made about 15 pairs of shoes. 3. What material is the writer using for trainers now? A. Old skirts. B. Old cotton dresses. C. Old jeans. D. Old leather handbags. 4. What would the writer like to be in the future? A. A shoe designer. B. A home designer. C. A course designer. D. A clothes designer. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对设计的热爱以及从制作衣物到制作鞋子，并最终确定未来职业方向的经历。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Then three years ago, I began making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that.(三年前，我开始制作鞋子，现在我把业余时间都用来做这个。)”可知，从前两段我们可以知道作者三年前开始做鞋。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The teachers were excellent. That’s what was best about the classes.(老师们都很优秀。这就是课程最好的地方。)”可知，作者最喜欢这些课程的一点是那里的老师很优秀。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At the moment I’m making a pair of trainers (运动鞋) using an old pair of jeans, but I’ve used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses!(目前我正在用一条旧牛仔裤做一双运动鞋，但我以前用过各种不同的东西，从旧皮革手袋到旧棉质连衣裙！)”可知，作者现在用旧牛仔裤做运动鞋，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I’ve decided I’ll do home design.(我决定做家居设计。)”可知，作者将来想成为家居设计师。故选B。 When I first moved into a traditional hutong in Beijing, the narrow alleyways felt like a maze(迷宫). My tiny room was part of a siheyuan shared with three Chinese families. Back home in London, I lived in a quiet suburban house with a private garden. Here, I could hear neighbors chatting through paper-thin walls, and the smell of stir-fried vegetables often drifted into my room. It was overwhelming yet strangely alive. The biggest shock came the next morning. I stepped outside to find a communal tap(公共水龙头) where residents brushed teeth and washed vegetables side by side. An elderly man in pajamas nodded at me while spitting into the drain — a common practice here but shocking to Western eyes. Later, when I tried to throw trash into a bin, Mrs. Li from next door rushed over, sorting my waste into four colorful categories with a patient smile. “Recycling matters,” she said, though I understood little Chinese. Gradually, the hutong revealed its magic. Children played hopscotch(跳房子游戏) on stone paths, and shopkeepers knew everyone’s name. One rainy day, my roof leaked. Before I could call for help, one of my neighbors climbed up with a ladder and fixed it himself. That evening, he invited me for jiaozi. As we dipped them in vinegar, I realized privacy in the West meant disconnection; here, “noisy closeness” meant belonging. Now, when I bike past the morning crowds buying baozi or see neighbors playing chess under tree shades, I feel at home. The hutong taught me that culture shock is just the first step to discovering a new way of living - one where community wraps around you like a warm quilt. 1. Why did the author mention his life in London in Paragraph 1? A. To suggest his family’s wealth. B. To explain why he moved to Beijing. C. To show his attachment to his country. D. To contrast his previous and present life. 2. What surprised the author most on the first morning? A. The shared use of a water tap. B. The smell of cooking in the air. C. The complex layout of the hutong. D. The queuing up habit of neighbors. 3. What does “noisy closeness” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Terrible living conditions. B. Active community interactions. C. The value of personal privacy. D. Loud arguments between neighbors. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Guide to Exploring Hutongs B. Chinese Insights into Social Life C. The Maze That Became My Home D. Trash Sorting That Changed China 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者初到北京胡同生活的文化冲击与逐渐融入社区的温馨经历。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“When I first moved into a traditional hutong in Beijing, the narrow alleyways felt like a maze (迷宫). My tiny room was part of a siheyuan shared with three Chinese families. Back home in London, I lived in a quiet suburban house with a private garden. Here, I could hear neighbors chatting through paper-thin walls, and the smell of stir-fried vegetables often drifted into my room. It was overwhelming yet strangely alive.(我刚搬进北京一条传统胡同的时候，狭窄的小巷子感觉就像一座迷宫。我的小房间是一处四合院的一部分，和三户中国家庭共用。在伦敦的老家，我住在一栋安静的郊区房子里，还有个私人花园。而在这里，我能透过薄如纸的墙壁听到邻居们聊天，炒菜的香味也常常飘进我的房间。一切让人有些不知所措，却又莫名充满生机。)”可知，作者提到他在伦敦的生活是为了对比他之前和现在的生活。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The biggest shock came the next morning. I stepped outside to find a communal tap (公共水龙头) where residents brushed teeth and washed vegetables side by side.(第二天早上，我受到了最大的冲击。我走出去，发现有一个公共水龙头，居民们在那里并排刷牙、洗菜。)”可知，第一天早上最让作者吃惊的是公共水龙头的共享使用。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Children played hopscotch (跳房子游戏) on stone paths, and shopkeepers knew everyone’s name. One rainy day, my roof leaked. Before I could call for help, one of my neighbors climbed up with a ladder and fixed it himself. That evening, he invited me for jiaozi. As we dipped them in vinegar, I realized privacy in the West meant disconnection; here, “noisy closeness” meant belonging.(孩子们在石板路上跳房子，店主们都叫得出每个人的名字。有一天下雨，我家屋顶漏雨了。我还没来得及求助，一位邻居就扛着梯子爬了上来，自己动手修好了。那天晚上，他邀请我去吃饺子。当我们把饺子蘸着醋吃的时候，我意识到，西方的隐私意味着疏离；而在这里，这种“热闹的亲密”代表着归属感。)”可知，这里的“noisy closeness(热闹的亲密)”指的是活跃的社区互动。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“When I first moved into a traditional hutong in Beijing, the narrow alleyways felt like a maze (迷宫).(当我第一次搬进北京的一条传统胡同时，狭窄的小巷感觉就像一个迷宫。)”以及最后一段中“Now, when I bike past the morning crowds buying baozi or see neighbors playing chess under tree shades, I feel at home.(现在，当我骑自行车经过早上买包子的人群，或者看到邻居们在树荫下下棋时，我有一种家的感觉。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者初到北京胡同生活的文化冲击与逐渐融入社区的温馨经历，C选项“The Maze That Became My Home(迷宫变成了我的家)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 考点三：说明文 (湖南省邵阳市武冈市2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平合格性考试模拟卷英语试题)In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models. These models are designed to help people in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and technology. According to the company, their latest AI system can understand and process human language more accurately than ever before. This breakthrough could change the way we interact with technology in the future. DeepSeek’s new AI model, called DeepSeek-V3, is particularly good at reading and analyzing text. It can understand complex sentences, answer questions, and even summarize long articles. The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts. In addition to its educational applications, DeepSeek-V3 is also being used in healthcare. Doctors and researchers are testing the AI to see if it can help diagnose(诊断) diseases faster and more accurately. The company believes that this technology could save lives by providing quick and reliable information to medical professionals. However, some people are concerned about the risks of AI. They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues(伦理问题). DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize(优先考虑) human safety and well-being. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek remains optimistic about the future of AI. The company is continuing to improve its technology and hopes to make AI more accessible to everyone. As AI becomes more advanced, it could revolutionize(彻底改变) the way we live, work, and learn. 1. What is the main topic of the article? A. The history of DeepSeek. B. The future of education technology. C. The risks of using AI in healthcare. D. The latest breakthrough in AI by Deep Seek. 2. How can DeepSeek-V3 help students and teachers? A. By helping with homework, research, and learning. B. By replacing teachers in the classroom. C. By diagnosing diseases in schools. D. By creating new educational games. 3. What is one concern people have about AI? A. It might become too expensive. B. It might replace human jobs. C. It might be too difficult to use. D. It might only be available to wealthy people. 4. What does DeepSeek promise to prioritize in its use of AI? A. Making more money. B. Replacing human workers. C. Human safety and well-being. D. Developing entertainment technology. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了DeepSeek在人工智能技术上的最新突破。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent news, DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, has made significant progress in developing advanced AI models.(最近有消息称，领先的人工智能公司DeepSeek在开发先进的人工智能模型方面取得了重大进展)”以及后文内容，可知文章讲述了DeepSeek在人工智能技术上的最新突破。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The company claims that this technology will be especially useful for students and teachers, as it can help with homework, research, and learning new concepts.(该公司声称，这项技术将对学生和教师特别有用，因为它可以帮助完成作业、研究和学习新概念)”可知，它可以帮助学生和老师做家庭作业、研究以及学习新概念。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They worry that machines might replace human jobs or make decisions without considering ethical issues (伦理问题).(他们担心机器可能会取代人类的工作，或者在不考虑道德问题的情况下做出决定)”可知，人们担心机器可能会取代人类的工作。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“DeepSeek has responded to these concerns by promising to use AI responsibly and to always prioritize (优先考虑) human safety and well-being.(DeepSeek对这些担忧做出了回应，承诺负责任地使用人工智能，并始终优先考虑人类的安全和福祉)”可知DeepSeek承诺始终将人类的安全和福祉放在首位。故选C。 If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them. The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction,” said the study’s lead author, Frederick Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles. The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect — positively or negatively — as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child. The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old. They represented a variety of incomes and education. The researchers found that, in an average day, children hear about 13,000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day. Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1,000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children. When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development. But, when the three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children. “The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is,” Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes. They’ll also tailor their speech to the child. Parents can give a child words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’. But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment,” she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time — maybe at bath time or at dinner time — that’s a wonderful thing.” 1. The researchers also found that TV viewing_______. A. could have a positive effect on a child’s language development B. had a little effect on a child’s language development C. affected a child’s language development more negatively than positively D. affected a child’s language development both negatively and positively 2. Frederick Zimmerman would probably agree that_______. A. parents should let their children talk most of the time B. children should watch TV programs selectively C. the conversation between parents and children should be two-way D. it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking 3. We can conclude from the last paragraph that_______. A. parents should let a child repeat what he or she says B. bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child C. parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time D. parents should leave a child talking alone 4. The underlined word “tailor” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by_______. A. control B. improve C. pass D. adjust 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。UCLA研究表明，亲子双向对话对儿童语言和言语技能发展的作用远超成人单向说话，看电视影响甚微，父母应抽时间多与孩子互动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effectt — positively or negatively — as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child. (研究人员还发现，只要电视没有取代成人和孩子之间的对话，看电视对孩子的语言发展就没有太大影响 —— 无论是积极的还是消极的)”可知，看电视对孩子的语言发展影响甚微。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第一段“If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them.(加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的研究人员表示，若想帮助儿童发展语言和言语能力，倾听他们的想法与主动和他们交流同样重要)”和第二段“Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction(成年人对儿童说话有助于语言能力的发展，但更为重要的是双方的互动)”可知，齐默尔曼强调成人与孩子之间的互动。由此可推断，他可能认同亲子对话应该是双向的。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If parents can carve out some conversation time-maybe at bath time or at dinner time — that’s a wonderful thing. (如果父母能抽出一些对话时间 —— 比如洗澡时或晚餐时 —— 那将是一件很棒的事)”可知，洗澡时间和晚餐时间是举例，说明亲子对话可以在任何合适的时间进行。故选C项。 4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes. They’ll also tailor their speech to the child. (虽然这大多是无意识的，但父母会提供反馈并纠正错误。他们还会根据孩子的情况tailor自己的语言)”可知，这里指父母会结合孩子的情况调整说话方式，所以tailor意为“调整、适应”。故选D项。 考点四：议论文 (湖南省株洲芦淞区2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平调研考试英语试题)Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism(机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic(巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty (新奇的事物). While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The familiarity principle. B. The advertising cost. C. The improved service. D. The law of the market. 2. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Our preferences affect our decisions. B. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions. C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword. D. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone B. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone C. Spare A Thought For Your Preference D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism (机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism(机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们谎言内部和周围的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将开始从不断加深的有价值的选择中做出决定)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项A“慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围”最能概括文章的主题。故选A。 Yet loneliness has become so widespread that it is often termed a modern epidemic. Why? A common explanation is the loss of “social connection.” What does it really mean to be socially connected? Is it quantified by the number of one’s friends both online and offline, or is it defined by the quality and depth of these relationships? However, some experts argue that loneliness transcends mere social isolation. It is possible to maintain hundreds of digital connections yet still endure profound feelings of loneliness. Norwegian writer Hilde Østby, in her book So Lonely, suggests that loneliness emerges when there’s a gap between the social connections we desire and those we actually possess. Individuals in densely populated urban areas frequently report higher levels of loneliness than those in rural communities. While strong social ties can reduce loneliness, close-knit societies report high loneliness rates. Østby further investigates the psychological and physical effects of loneliness. It is linked to emotions like grief and shame, and it can even harm one’s health. She believes that loneliness is sometimes caused by social division — marginalization(边缘化) due to racism, sexism, or other forms of prejudice. She coins the word “lonelify” to describe this process — how people are deliberately made to feel excluded. However, loneliness is not only caused by social exclusion. It can affect anyone, regardless of age or background. Although technology and contemporary lifestyles may contribute to the problem, at its core, loneliness remains a profoundly human experience. Østby’s book encourages us to rethink loneliness — not just as a personal issue, but as a social one. She calls for more inclusive communities and reminds us that small acts of kindness, like a smile or a conversation, can help others feel less alone. After all, in a world where so many feel lonely, connection might be the cure we all need. 1. What does the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. results from. B. goes beyond. C. depends on. D. equals. 2. What factor does Hilde Østby believe leads to loneliness? A. Numerous online friends only. B. Urban living environments. C. A gap in social connections. D. Long-term social isolation. 3. What can we infer from the author’s discussion of Østby’s views? A. Needs individual and societal efforts. B. Technology is the root cause. C. Mainly affects marginalized groups. D. Small kindnesses are most effective. 4. What is the passage’s main purpose? A. Explain loneliness’s causes and solutions. B. Analyze social connections and loneliness. C. Argue loneliness is a societal issue. D. Introduce a book and its insights. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍Hilde Østby著作及对孤独的成因、影响与应对的观点。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“However, some experts argue that loneliness transcends mere social isolation. It is possible to maintain hundreds of digital connections yet still endure profound feelings of loneliness.(然而，一些专家认为，孤独transcends单纯的社会孤立。即使维持着数百个数字社交联系，人们仍可能承受深刻的孤独感。)”可知，即便有数百个线上社交联系，人们仍可能深感孤独，这说明孤独并非仅源于社交孤立，而是超出了社交孤立的范畴。“transcends”在此处意为“超出、超越”，与“goes beyond”含义相近。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Norwegian writer Hilde Østby, in her book So Lonely, suggests that loneliness emerges when there’s a gap between the social connections we desire and those we actually possess.(挪威作家Hilde Østby在她的《如此孤独》一书中指出，当我们期望的社交联系与实际拥有的社交联系之间存在差距时，孤独就会产生。)”可知，Hilde Østby认为导致孤独的因素是社交联系上的差距。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Østby’s book encourages us to rethink loneliness — not just as a personal issue, but as a social one. She calls for more inclusive communities and reminds us that small acts of kindness, like a smile or a conversation, can help others feel less alone.(Østby在书中鼓励我们重新审视孤独——它不只是个人问题，更是一个社会问题。她呼吁建立更具包容性的社群，同时提醒我们，一个微笑、一次交谈这类小小的善举，都能帮助他人减轻孤独感。)”可知，Østby认为孤独既是个人问题也是社会问题，既需要个人用善意行动帮助他人，也需要社会构建更包容的群体。由此可推断，解决孤独问题需要个人和社会共同努力。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段中“Østby’s book encourages us to rethink loneliness — not just as a personal issue, but as a social one. She calls for more inclusive communities and reminds us that small acts of kindness, like a smile or a conversation, can help others feel less alone.(Østby在书中鼓励我们重新审视孤独——它不只是个人问题，更是一个社会问题。她呼吁建立更具包容性的社群，同时提醒我们，一个微笑、一次交谈这类小小的善举，都能帮助他人减轻孤独感。)”可知，文章围绕挪威作家Hilde Østby的著作《如此孤独》展开，介绍了书中关于孤独感的成因(社交联系差距、社会排斥等)、影响(心理和身体健康)以及应对方式(个人善意、社会包容)的观点。由此推断，文章的主要目的是介绍一本书及其见解。故选D。 考点五：新闻报道 William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths, providing their sons with a unique growing environment. Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers(运动鞋)—these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family. Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow. Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. “We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they are people just like us, everywhere. We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.” However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time. Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test. “You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world,” he says. 1. How can we describe the Lindesays’ trips? A. Pleasant. B. Conventional C. Challenging. D. Dangerous. 2. What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Visit. B. Avoid. C. Compare. D. Evaluate. 3. What problem does the family meet when traveling? A. They have scheduling conflicts. B. They suffer from a tight budget. C. They are faced with language barriers. D. They hold different educational ideas. 4. Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text? A. Toughness is the best assistant of will. B. Man who travels far knows more. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. There is no royal road to learning. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍著名长城专家、自然资源保护主义者威廉﹒林赛(William Lindesay)和他的妻子吴琪(Wu Qi)通过环游世界，为他们的儿子提供了一个独特的成长环境。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow. (他们的大多数旅行似乎都远非放松——在炎热干燥的沙漠中进行文化研究，53公里的新西兰徒步旅行，一天攀登三座英国山顶，以及从北京到莫斯科的六天火车旅行。)”可知，林赛他们一家人的旅行很有挑战性。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. (许多人认为这个家庭一定很富有，能够负担得起他们的全球旅行费用，但事实并非如此。林赛说，他们只是选择把钱花在旅行上，尽可能eschew昂贵的酒店和餐馆。林赛提到莫斯科之行就是一个例子。他们没有从火车站乘出租车去旅馆，而是乘地铁去了。)”可知，林赛一家人并不是很富有，他们没有从火车站乘出租车去旅馆，而是乘地铁去了。所以，他们应该是尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。所以，eschew的意思应该是“避开”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time. (然而，他们的旅程可能会持续数周或数月，有时与孩子的学业不一致。吴琪记得有一次林赛让他们的大儿子请假，让他们去纽约做45天的巡回演讲。因此，儿子错过了期末考试。这样的事情一直困扰着这个家庭。)”可知，林赛他们一家人的旅行会和孩子的学习安排不一致。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test. “You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world,” he says. (林赛非常重视在课堂外学习，他说孩子们可能在学校考试中得分很高，但真正的考试是在不同语言、文化和政治结构的遥远国度里外出旅行。他说：“你只能在街上变得有街头智慧。只有看到世界，你才能变得有世俗智慧。”)”可知，在林赛看来，只有远行才能让人更有智慧。故选B。 Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips(芯片). The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now,several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded. In fact,years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services.After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020,shared bike companies started installing(安装) Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.The latest chips which are popular with shared bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types. Since 2000,a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 202the system was completed and started providing global services.Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks,along with the United States’ GPS,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services. 1. What can users benefit from the new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips? A. They can speed up while riding B. They can record crimes. C. They can know their speed. D. They can get the batteries charged 2. How many are there global navigation networks in total? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. More and more people take shared bikes to work. B. Employment has risen because of new technology C. Shared bikes will be more and more popular in China D. We must rise to the challenges of new technology 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Application of chips in China, B. Development of shared bikes in China. C. Promotion of new technology and its products. D. The Applications of Beidou Navigation Satellite System 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国北斗卫星导航定位服务在中国的广泛应用。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and shared bike companies record users’ speed and battery condition of an electric bike.(除了定位和导航，这些芯片还将帮助用户和共享单车公司记录用户的速度和电动自行车的电池状况。)”可知，新型共享电动车的用户能够通过芯片知道自己的速度。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.(北斗卫星系统由中国设计和开发，是全球四大导航网络之一，另外三个是美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS和欧盟的伽利略。)”可知，全球一共四大导航网络。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.(目前，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。)”，可知，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。由此可推断，该新技术的出现增加了就业机会。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System (北斗卫星导航系统).These shared bikes all use Beidou-based positioning chips (芯片).(中国有超过500万辆共享单车使用北斗卫星导航系统提供的服务。这些共享单车都使用基于北斗的定位芯片。)”以及最后一段“According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021 the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan，a 16.3%increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14,000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.(根据2022年的一项研究，到2021年底，中国卫星导航定位服务相关总价值为4690亿元，同比增长16.3%。目前，中国约有1.4万家与北斗等卫星导航定位服务相关的企业和机构，从业人员超过50万人。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的在中国的应用。故选D。 一、阅读理解 A The Four Best Wildlife Experiences in Bali Ready to start great adventures? Check out the four most exciting ways to experience wildlife in Bali! Ubud Monkey Forest Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Got some monkey business going on? Head down to Ubud Monkey Forest, a shelter for over 700 long-tailed monkeys. These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! However, don’t be mad because they mean no harm. They won’t hurt you as long as you don’t grab or touch them suddenly. Bali Reptile Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder(冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park. Inside this man-made jungle is the most extensive collection of reptiles in Southeast Asia! Be prepared to drop your jaw upon seeing the alligators and crocodiles(鳄鱼) walking around near the pond. With a guided animal encounter, you can get up close with them! Bali Bird Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) Bali Bird Park houses over 1,000 birds of 250 rare species. You’ll spot all the colors of the rainbow as birds of all shapes and sizes fly to you. Catch the magnificent Scarlet Macaw and the stylish Balinese Mynah. Apart from these, there are also tons of unique experiences in the park like meeting the endangered Komodo dragons. Lombok Wildlife Park Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) This park makes the most out of your zoo experience with lots of fun-filled activities, starting with an elephant meeting and greeting and capping off the day with afternoon tea with some friendly animals. Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans (红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! 1. Which of the following offers a more adventurous experience? A. Bali Reptile Park. B. Ubud Monkey Forest. C. Bali Bird Park. D. Lombok Wildlife Park. 2. What can visitors do in Lombok Wildlife Park? A. Ride elephants. B. Feed some alligators. C. Play with crocodiles. D. Interact with orangutans. 3. What do the four have in common? A. They forbid taking food in. B. They are open at the same time. C. They involve endangered animals. D. They focus on wildlife protection. 4. What can we learn about Ubud Monkey Forest? A. It is home to over 1,000 monkeys. B. Visitors can freely touch the monkeys. C. Monkeys there may take away visitors’ snacks. D. It closes earlier on weekends than on weekdays. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴厘岛四大野生动物体验景点，主要包括开放时间、特色活动与注意事项。 1. 细节理解题。根据Bali Reptile Park第二段中“For a wildlife experience that’s a little bolder (冒险的), head to Bali Reptile Park. (若想有更冒险一点的野生动物体验，不妨前往巴厘岛爬行动物公园)”可知，巴厘岛爬行动物公园提供更具冒险性的体验。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Lombok Wildlife Park第二段中“Walking around the park, you’ll also get to see Kaka and Kiki, the park’s adorable baby orangutans (红毛猩猩). Lombok Wildlife Park offers plenty of close encounters with animals to make your Bali trip shine! (在公园里散步，你还会看到公园里可爱的小红毛猩猩Kaka和Kiki。龙目岛野生动物园提供了许多与动物的亲密接触，让你的巴厘岛之旅闪耀)”可知，在龙目岛野生动物园里，游客可以与红毛猩猩互动。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据四个景点的开放时间都为“Opening time: 9:00 am — 5:00 pm (Mon — Sun) (开放时间：上午9时至下午5时(星期一至星期日))”可知，四个景点开放时间相同。故选B项。 4. 细节理解题。根据Ubud Monkey Forest第二段中“These mammals are known to be clever and playful, so chances are that you’ll get robbed of your snacks when you’re not watching! (众所周知，这些哺乳动物既聪明又顽皮，所以当你不注意的时候，你的零食很有可能被抢走)”可知，那里的猴子可能会拿走游客的零食。故选C项。 B What would you do to earn money if all you had was five dollars and two hours? This is the assignment(任务) I gave students in my very first course at the Stanford School. What would you do if you were given this challenge? When I asked this question to most groups, someone usually shouted out “Go to Las Vegas” or “Buy a lottery ticket”. This got a big laugh. These folks would take a significant risk in return for a small chance of earning a big reward. The next most common suggestion was to set up a car wash or lemonade stand, using the five dollars to purchase starting materials. This was a fine option for anyone interested in earning a few extra dollars of spending money in two hours. But most of the students eventually found a way to move far beyond the standard responses. They took seriously the challenge to question traditional assumptions, exposing a wealth of possibilities, in order to create as much value as possible. How did they do this? Here’s a clue: The teams that made the most money didn’t use the five dollars at all. They realized that focusing on the money actually framed the problem too tightly. They understood that five dollars is nearly nothing and decided to reinterpret (重新解读) the problem more broadly: What can you do to make money if you start with nothing? I count the Five-Dollar Challenge as a success in teaching students about thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家). In fact, they tapped into their talents and unlocked their creativity to identify problems — problems that they experienced or noticed others experiencing, or that they might have seen before but had never thought to solve. By discovering these problems and then working to solve them, the winning team brought in more than six hundred dollars, and the average rate of return on the five-dollar investment was 4 000 percent! If you take into account that many of the teams didn’t use the funds at all, then their financial returns were infinite (极大的). 5. What can we infer about the students who put forward the second most common suggestion? A. They are creative. B. They are practical. C. They like taking chances. D. They like trying new things. 6. What’s the author’s suggestion about his assignment? A. Ignoring the money. B. Getting some support. C. Raising more money. D. Asking for some advice. 7. How much did the students make with the five-dollar investment on average? A. 100 dollars. B. 200 dollars. C. 400 dollars. D. 600 dollars. 8. What’s the purpose of the author assignment for his students? A. To turn them into entrepreneurs. B. To help them make more money. C. To encourage them to think creatively. D. To create some opportunities for them. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。斯坦福教授给学生布置“5美元2小时赚钱”任务，多数学生跳出常规，部分未用初始资金，靠创造力赚高收益，任务旨在教会学生创造性思考。 5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The next most common suggestion was to set up a car wash or lemonade stand, using the five dollars to purchase starting materials. This was a fine option for anyone interested in earning a few extra dollars of spending money in two hours.  (第二个最常见的建议是开洗车店或柠檬水摊，用这5美元购买启动材料。对于那些想在两小时内多赚点零花钱的人来说，这是个不错的选择。)”可知，提出这个建议的学生选择了利用现有资金、步骤明确且能快速获利的方式，体现了务实的特质。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The teams that made the most money didn’t use the five dollars at all. They realized that focusing on the money actually framed the problem too tightly. They understood that five dollars is nearly nothing and decided to reinterpret (重新解读) the problem more broadly: What can you do to make money if you start with nothing? (赚得最多的团队根本没动用那5美元。他们意识到，过分关注这笔钱实际上会把问题框得太死。他们明白5美元几乎毫无价值，于是决定更宽泛地重新解读问题：如果一无所有，你能做些什么来赚钱？)”可知，作者通过成功案例暗示，完成任务的关键是忽略这5美元，跳出资金限制思考。故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第四段“By discovering these problems and then working to solve them, the winning team brought in more than six hundred dollars, and the average rate of return on the five-dollar investment was 4 000 percent! (通过发现这些问题并着力解决，获胜团队赚得超过600美元，而这5美元投资的平均回报率竟高达4000%！)”可知，平均收益计算为：5美元 ×4000% = 200美元。故选B项。 8. 推理判断题。根据第四段“I count the Five-Dollar Challenge as a success in teaching students about thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家). In fact, they tapped into their talents and unlocked their creativity to identify problems-problems that they experienced or noticed others experiencing, or that they might have seen before but had never thought to solve. (我认为“5 美元挑战”成功教会了学生像企业家一样思考。事实上，他们充分发挥自身才能、激发创造力，从而发现了各类问题 —— 这些问题要么是他们自己经历过的、注意到他人正在遭遇的，要么是他们以前可能见过但从未想过要去解决的。)”可知，作者布置该任务的目的是鼓励学生创造性思考。故选C项。 C Suppose you are out shopping and come across a friend who starts telling you a story that seems to be dragging on and on. You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in his tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you.” Where did this come from? Clearly, your body language must have given you away. The idea that verbal and nonverbal messages can conflict was the inspiration for a recently published study from Yale University’s Lucylle Armentano. As part of her study of communication in relationships, Armentano’s research also examined communication channels in people meeting for the first time. To test the role of a mismatch between verbal messages and nonverbal messages on emotional communication, Armentano and her partner created experimental conditions to see what happens when someone asks for help from strangers. The research team created videotapes of a Yale student expressing nervousness in his words, with gestures, or both. The gestures included running his hands through his hair, grabbing his arms, and facially expressing uneasiness. The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting, and accordingly give their responses. Turning to the findings, those nonverbal implications for nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal expressions. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal implications were high. Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others. Generally, when someone is speaking to you, you want to look like you’re interested. Not only should you maintain eye contact, you should keep your body still and face toward that person. If you’re not trying to look interested, it may be more polite to say you have to be somewhere else. 9. What is indicated in the first paragraph? A. The disadvantages of body language. B. The mismatch between acts and words. C. The difficulty in interacting with friends. D. The boredom of a meaningless conversation. 10. What were the 82 Yale students asked to do? A. Respond to the student’s request. B. Identify the types of body language. C. Try to win the other student’s trust. D. Express uneasiness with body language. 11. What may better help the student win a favour? A. His good manners in the process. B. His sincere verbal expressions. C. His appropriate gestures of nervousness. D. His positive attitude to helping behavior. 12. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Make a prediction. B. Present some facts. C. Give some warnings. D. Provide some advice. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耶鲁大学一项研究，探讨言语与非言语信息不匹配对情感沟通的影响，强调了肢体语言的重要性。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You want to seem interested, so you offer the occasional “Oh” or “I see”. To your surprise, though, this person angrily stops in his tracks and says, “Sorry if I’m boring you.”(你想表现出感兴趣的样子，所以偶尔会说“哦”或“我明白了”。但令你惊讶的是，这个人愤怒地停下来说：“如果我让你觉得无聊了，我很抱歉。”)”可知，此处暗示了言语表达(表现出感兴趣)和行为所传递的信息(让对方觉得无聊)不匹配。故选B。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The key question was whether the other participants, another 82 Yale students, would believe the student and provide the help he was requesting, and accordingly give their responses.(关键问题是另外82名耶鲁学生参与者是否会相信这名学生并提供他所请求的帮助，并相应地给出他们的回应)”可知，82名耶鲁学生被要求对这名学生的请求做出回应。故选A。 11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Turning to the findings, those nonverbal implications for nervousness had a greater impact on helping behavior than the verbal expressions. Surprisingly, helping behavior was the highest when verbal expressions of nervousness were low but nonverbal implications were high.(谈到调查结果，那些紧张的非言语暗示对帮助行为的影响比言语表达更大。令人惊讶的是，当紧张的言语表达较低但非言语暗示较高时，帮助行为最高)”可知，恰当的紧张手势(非言语暗示)更能帮助学生获得帮助。故选C。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Recognizing that your body language can outweigh your words means that you need to be mindful of what your body is doing when you’re interacting with others.(认识到肢体语言可能比言语更重要，这意味着在与他人交流时，你需要留意自己的身体动作)”及后文具体建议可知，作者在最后一段提供了一些与人交流时的建议。故选D。 D Not long ago, you had to physically hand over cash to buy something. You witnessed it exit your wallet. You sensed it. But with payment services Klarna or Clearpay, you can now pay for a new phone in three installments (分期付款) and barely notice the difference. This isn’t just a shopping habit; it’s a reflection of how we relate to money today. We are becoming increasingly free of the emotional burden of spending. Additionally, our mental health is being profoundly affected by this quiet shift. The popularity of Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) plans has soared. They promise freedom and flexibility, but the ease of use can trick our minds. When payment is divided into smaller payments, we are wired to feel less emotionally tired. Although the £15 payments seem insignificant, they quickly add up. Psychologists found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. In societies where digital credit is easily accessible but financial education is limited, this behaviour can fall into lasting debt. Stress over money doesn’t stay in the bank. It follows us into our homes and even our sleep. Researches have shown that personal debt is strongly associated with depression and anxiety. That’s why we need to talk about money more often — not just how to make it, but how we feel about it — in families, schools, workplaces, and therapy rooms. Therapists should be able to ask about financial stress with confidence. Financial education ought to be treated as essential in schools. Additionally, we should normalize debt-related conversations to relieve people’s feelings of shame. Financial stress can make you feel helpless. But by addressing the emotional side of money and building healthier habits, we can move from crisis to confidence. We live in a world where money is invisible. But the emotional burden it takes is very real. If we start noticing that cost, we might finally treat money not only as a resource, but as something deeply psychological. 13. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Klarna and Clearpay help people save money. B. Digital payments are now relatively preferred. C. Invisible payments have improved mental health. D. Installments ease the emotional spending burden. 14. What may BNPL result in? A. Improved financial knowledge. B. Easy access to digital credit. C. Overspending and long-term debt. D. Decrease of small-amount expenses. 15. How can we build healthier financial habits? A. Value financial education. B. Hide feelings of shame. C. Mask people’s financial stress. D. Highlight debt-related problems. 16. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cash Shopping: The Healthy Way of Consumption B. Money’s Emotional Cost: Beyond Invisible Payments C. BNPL: A New Approach to Boost Consumer Spending D. Financial Education: The Core to Cutting Expenses 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出分期付款减少消费痛苦，但可能引发超支和债务，强调金钱对心理健康的影响，并呼吁加强金融教育和债务相关讨论，以建立更健康的财务习惯。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But with payment services Klarna or Clearpay, you can now pay for a new phone in three installments (分期付款) and barely notice the difference. This isn’t just a shopping habit; it’s a reflection of how we relate to money today. We are becoming increasingly free of the emotional burden of spending. (但有了Klarna或Clearpay支付服务，你现在可以分三期付款购买新手机，几乎察觉不到差别。这不仅仅是一种购物习惯；这反映了我们今天与金钱的关系。我们正逐渐摆脱消费带来的情感负担)”可知，作者指出，分期付款减少了人们消费时的心理负担。故选D项。 14. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Psychologists found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. In societies where digital credit is easily accessible but financial education is limited, this behaviour can fall into lasting debt. (心理学家发现，当支付行为与购买行为分开时，我们经历的“支付之痛”就会减少，这使我们更有可能超支。在数字信贷容易获得但金融教育有限的社会，这种行为可能会陷入长期债务)”可知，“先买后付”可能导致超支和长期债务。故选C项。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Financial education ought to be treated as essential in schools. Additionally, we should normalize debt-related conversations to relieve people’s feelings of shame. (金融教育应该在学校中被视为必不可少的。此外，我们应该使债务相关的对话正常化，以减轻人们的羞耻感)”可知，作者建议加强金融教育，而非掩盖羞耻感、掩饰财务压力，或强调债务问题。故选A项。 16. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“We are becoming increasingly free of the emotional burden of spending. Additionally, our mental health is being profoundly affected by this quiet shift. (我们正逐渐摆脱消费带来的情感负担。此外，我们的心理健康正受到这种悄然转变的深刻影响)”和最后一段“We live in a world where money is invisible. But the emotional burden it takes is very real. If we start noticing that cost, we might finally treat money not only as a resource, but as something deeply psychological. (我们生活在一个看不见金钱的世界。但它带来的情感负担是非常真实的。如果我们开始注意到这种成本，我们可能最终不仅把钱当作一种资源，而且把它当作一种深刻的心理东西)”可知，文章围绕“金钱的情感成本”展开，指出分期付款减少消费痛苦，但可能引发超支和债务，强调金钱对心理健康的影响，并呼吁加强金融教育和债务相关讨论，以建立更健康的财务习惯。因此，B项“金钱的情感成本：超越无形支付”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Lee Shapiro is a retired judge. At one point in his career, Lee realized that 1 is the greatest power there is. Lee created what he calls his Hugger Kit. On the outside it 2   “A heart for a hug”. The inside contains 30 little red embroidered(刺绣的) hearts with stickums(胶) on the 3 . Lee will go around to people and offer them a little red heart in 4 for a hug. One day, Lee’s friend Nancy Johnston 5 on his doorstep. Nancy is a professional clown and she was wearing her clown costume, make-up and all. “Lee, 6 a bunch of your Hugger Kits and let’s go out to the home for 7 .” When they arrived, they started giving out balloon hats, hearts and hugs to the patients. Lee had never before hugged people who were terminally ill, severely retarded or quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪的). It was definitely a(an)   8 . But after a while it became easier, with Lee 9 a group of doctors and nurses who followed them from ward to ward. Finally, Lee came to the last person, Leonard. Lee looked at the man dribbling(流口水) onto his bib and   10 . Nancy whispered, “Come on, Lee. He’s a(an) 11 human being, too, isn’t he?” Lee took one of his little red hearts and placed it on Leonard’s bib. He took a deep 12 , leaned down and gave Leonard a hug. 13 , Leonard began to squeal, “Eeeeehh! Eeeeehh!” Lee turned to the staff for some sort of 14 only to find that every doctor, nurse and orderly was 15 . Lee asked the head nurse, “What’s going on?” Lee will never forget what she said: “This is the first time in 23 years we’ve seen Leonard smile.” 1. A. justice B. love C. fairness D. health 2. A. reads B. writes C. claims D. explains 3. A. front B. back C. side D. edge 4. A. charge B. conversation C. communication D. exchange 5. A. showed up B. turned into C. showed off D. came over 6. A. catch B. hold C. grab D. scratch 7. A. the disabled B. the poor C. the miserable D. the inferior 8. A. stretch B. treatment C. cure D. injury 9. A. guiding B. preserving C. leading D. acquiring 10. A. confused B. shocked C. hesitated D. sympathized 11. A. fellow B. kind C. same D. alike 12. A. thought B. breath C. whisper D. look 13. A. In the end B. In response C. All of a sudden D. Little by little 14. A. expectation B. explanation C. encouragement D. recognition 15. A. laughing B. shouting C. screaming D. crying 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了退休法官Lee制作“拥抱工具包”，与小丑朋友Nancy去疗养院送爱心和拥抱，给重症患者Leonard拥抱后，竟让他23年来首次微笑。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他职业生涯的某个阶段，Lee意识到“爱”是世间最强大的力量。A. justice正义；B. love爱；C. fairness公平；D. health健康。根据后文“Lee created what he calls his Hugger Kit. (Lee发明了他所谓的“拥抱工具包”。)”可知，Lee创建拥抱工具包，主题是传递爱，后文多次涉及拥抱，故“love”最符合“最伟大的力量”的含义。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其外侧的文字写着：“一颗给予拥抱的心”。A. reads写着，阅读；B. writes写；C. claims要求；D. explains解释。根据上文“Lee created what he calls his Hugger Kit.”可知，此处指“拥抱工具包”其外侧的文字写着：“一颗给予拥抱的心”，应用动词read。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其内部有30个红色的刺绣小心形图案，其背面带有粘性贴片。A. front前面；B. back背后；C. side边；D. edge边缘。根据上文“with stickums on the”可知，刺绣心形有胶(stickums)，胶通常贴在背面以便粘贴，故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lee会走到人们身边，给他们一个小小的红心作为交换，以换取一个拥抱。A. charge要价；B. conversation对话；C. communication交流；D. exchange交换。根据后文“for a hug”可知，“in exchange for”是固定搭配，表示用心形交换拥抱。故选D。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天，Lee的朋友Nancy Johnston出现在了他的家门口。A. showed up出现；B. turned into变成；C. showed off炫耀；D. came over过来。根据后文“on his doorstep”可知，朋友出现在家门口，用show up。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Lee，拿上你的一套‘拥抱者’套装，咱们去残疾人之家吧。”A. catch抓住；B. hold持有；C. grab抓住；D. scratch抓挠。根据后文“a bunch of your Hugger Kits and let’s go out to the home for”可知，此处表示快速拿取工具包，“grab”有匆忙拿取的意思，故选C。 7. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：“Lee，拿上你的一套‘拥抱者’套装，咱们去残疾人之家吧。”A. the disabled残疾人；B. the poor穷人；C. the miserable悲惨的人；D. the inferior地位低的人。根据后文“Lee had never before hugged people who were terminally ill, severely retarded or quadriplegic. (Lee此前从未拥抱过身患绝症、智力严重低下或四肢瘫痪的人。)”可知，他们去的是残疾人之家。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这无疑是个巨大的挑战。A. stretch困难的任务；B. treatment治疗，疗法；C. cure治疗，药物；D. injury受伤。根据上文“Lee had never before hugged people who were terminally ill, severely retarded or quadriplegic. (Lee此前从未拥抱过身患绝症、智力严重低下或四肢瘫痪的人。)”可知，Lee初次拥抱重病患者，是超出舒适区的经历，“stretch”可指心理或行为的延伸。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但过了一段时间，情况就变得容易多了，因为Lee找到了一群医生和护士，他们跟着他从一个病房走到另一个病房。A. guiding指导；B. preserving保留；C. leading领导；D. acquiring获得。根据后文“a group of doctors and nurses who followed them from ward to ward”可知，Lee找到了一群医生和护士，故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lee看着那个男子将口水流到了自己的胸前位置，然后他犹豫了一下。A. confused使困惑；B. shocked使震惊；C. hesitated犹豫；D. sympathized同情。根据后文“Come on, Lee. (快点，Lee。)”可知，Lee看到Leonard流口水，动作迟疑，“hesitated”描述心理犹豫。故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他也是个普通人啊，不是吗？A. fellow同类的；B. kind善良的；C. same相同的；D. alike相似的。根据后文“human being, too, isn’t he?”可知，“fellow human being”是常见表达，强调Leonard也是人类的一员。故选A。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他深吸了一口气，弯下腰，给了Leonard一个拥抱。A. thought想法；B. breath呼吸；C. whisper低语；D. look样子。根据上文“He took a deep”可知，他深吸了一口气，take a deep breath是固定短语，表示深呼吸以准备行动。故选B。 13. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：突然，Leonard开始尖叫起来：“哎呀！哎呀！”A. In the end最后；B. In response作为回应；C. All of a sudden突然；D. Little by little渐渐地。根据后文“Leonard began to squeal, “Eeeeehh! Eeeeehh!””可知，Leonard发出声音是突发行为，“all of a sudden”表示突然发生。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lee向工作人员询问了一些情况的解释，却发现每一位医生、护士和勤杂人员都在哭泣。A. expectation期待；B. explanation解释；C. encouragement鼓励；D. recognition认可。根据上文“Lee turned to the staff for some sort of”可知，Leonard突然开始尖叫，于是Lee转向工作人员寻求原因，故用“explanation”表示解释。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lee向工作人员询问了一些情况的解释，却发现每一位医生、护士和勤杂人员都在哭泣。A. laughing笑；B. shouting叫喊；C. screaming尖叫；D. crying哭泣。根据后文“Lee asked the head nurse, “What’s going on?” Lee will never forget what she said: “This is the first time in 23 years we’ve seen Leonard smile.” (Lee问护士长：“这是怎么回事？”Lee永远不会忘记护士长所说的话：“这 23 年来，我们第一次看到Leonard露出笑容。”)”可知，后文提到Leonard第一次笑，工作人员感动而哭(crying)，情感一致。故选D。 三、语法填空 People don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time 1 friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is highly popular in the UK. There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere. People go with friends or family to talk and relax after going 2 (shop). Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places 3 (read) in peace, or to sit and write. In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist(存在), or, 4 least, is still very new. Famous for its coffee, I imagined that even the 5 (small) Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist 6 they are not as common as I had expected. The ones that do exist are very different from those in the HK. They are places where you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoy a 7 (peace) moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly. Every time I go alone with a book, some customers look at me 8 (strange). This may be the culture only in Pasto, 9 is a beautiful place; other Colombian 10 (city) perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture. 【答案】 1. with 2. shopping 3. to read 4. at 5. smallest 6. but 7. peaceful 8. strangely 9. which 10. cities 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文对比了英国和哥伦比亚的咖啡店文化。 1. 考查介词。句意：人们去咖啡店不总是只为了喝一杯，而是为了和朋友共度时光或读一本书。“spend time with sb.”为固定搭配，意思是“与某人共度时光”，这里表示和朋友一起度过时间，所以用介词with。故填with。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：人们购物后会和朋友或家人一起去聊天放松。“go shopping”是常见的固定短语，意为“去购物”，所以这里用shopping。故填shopping。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡店是安静阅读，或者坐下来写作的好地方。“places to do sth.”结构中，动词不定式“to do sth.”作后置定语，用来修饰“places”，表示“做某事的地方”，此处表示阅读的好地方，所以填to read。故填to read。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：然而，在哥伦比亚，咖啡店文化并不真正存在，或者至少仍然很新颖。“at least”是固定短语，意思是“至少”。故填at。 5. 考查形容词最高级。句意：因为咖啡而闻名，我曾想象即使是哥伦比亚最小的村庄也会有一家咖啡店。根据定冠词“the”以及语境，这里表达的是“最小的”意思，所以要用形容词“small”的最高级形式“smallest”。故填smallest。 6. 考查连词。句意：我的意思是，它们确实存在，但并不像我预期的那么普遍。前一句说咖啡店确实存在，后一句说不像预期的普遍，前后形成转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。 7. 考查形容词。句意：没有人会花一下午的时间享受宁静的时刻。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“moment”，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，表示“宁静的”，所以填peaceful。故填peaceful。 8. 考查副词。句意：每次我带着一本书独自去，一些顾客都会奇怪地看着我。这里的词是用来修饰动词“look at”，修饰动词要用副词，“strange”的副词形式是“strangely”，意思是“奇怪地”。故填strangely。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：这可能只是帕斯托的文化，这是一个美丽的地方；其他哥伦比亚城市可能有更发达的咖啡店文化。“____9____ is a beautiful place”这部分是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Pasto”，指物，在从句中作主语，在非限制性定语从句中，指代物且作主语要用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：这可能只是帕斯托的文化，这是一个美丽的地方；其他哥伦比亚城市可能有更发达的咖啡店文化。city为可数名词，且被other修饰，用名词复数形式，“city”的复数形式是“cities”。故填cities。 四、应用文写作 假定你是校科学社负责人李华，计划创办英文期刊Science Insights。诺贝尔奖一直以来备受关注，社团决定以此为创刊号核心内容。请你撰写一篇创刊词，内容包括： (1)创刊初衷； (2)简要介绍一位诺贝尔奖得主及其成就； (3)邀请同学投稿。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear readers, It is with great excitement that we launch our new English journal, Science Insights. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The editorial department 【答案】 Dear readers, It is with great excitement that we launch our new English journal, Science Insights. Our main purpose, which is to make science more accessible and interesting to students, drives us to create this platform. Let’s talk about Yuan Longping, who won the Nobel-related honors for his great work in agriculture. What he achieved, developing hybrid rice, has solved the food problem for millions of people around the world. We sincerely invite all of you to submit articles. Whether it’s about Nobel winners or your own scientific ideas, we are looking forward to your contributions. Let’s explore the magic of science together! The editorial department 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以校科学社负责人李华的身份，为英文期刊《Science Insights》撰写创刊词，涵盖创刊初衷、介绍诺奖得主及邀请投稿。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 目的：purpose → aim 创造：create → establish 可获得的：accessible → available 解决：solve → resolve 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Our main purpose, which is to make science more accessible and interesting to students, drives us to create this platform. 拓展句：Because our main aim is to make science more available and fascinating for students, it drives us to create this platform. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Our main purpose, which is to make science more accessible and interesting to students, drives us to create this platform.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】What he achieved, developing hybrid rice, has solved the food problem for millions of people around the world.(运用了what引导主语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $