专题12 阅读理解（一）（题型突破）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题12 阅读理解(一)(题型突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 细节理解题 文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。 细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？ 关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。 关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。 考点二 词义猜测题 正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。 考点三 推理判断题 推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。 考点四 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。 段落大意题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 主旨大意题 要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 考点一：细节理解题 例1 Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica(大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A. In 1735. B. In 1810. C. Around 1805. D. Around 1895. 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地质学作为一门年轻科学，早期在英语世界出现较晚且长期未受广泛关注的情况。 例2 The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A. Make their own radio programmes. B. Discover more about themselves. C. Pursue a career in broadcasting. D. Hear each other more clearly. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一款行李箱大小的新玩具主导了作者的圣诞假期，让作者首次感受到自身作为独立个体的存在，既兴奋又尴尬。 【详解】细节理解题。根据本段中“For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. (第一次，就像一个有视力的孩子看到自己在镜子或照片中的反应一样，我意识到自己是一个独立的人，存在于我的头脑之外，被其他人所体验。)”可知，录音机使作者更多地了解了自己。故选B项。 例3 And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. Which of the following items is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A. Cultural background. B. Development history. C. Natural attraction. D. Climate advantage. 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是美国阿拉斯加州首府朱诺的自然美景、历史文化及探险活动，为游客提供详尽的旅行建议。 【详解】细节理解题。根据文中的“And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes.(而朱诺的自然魅力，及其众多风景名胜，是游客眼中朱诺最大的吸引力所在。)”可知，自然景观是朱诺的主要卖点。故选C项。 1. A group of 41 states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them. The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior: Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet? Here’s what the research has found. What was Meta accused of? A. It added problematic features to its platform. B. It started a discussion to mislead young people. C. It tempted children to use social media too much. D. It conducted illegal research on its parent company. 【答案】C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文(节选)。主要围绕41个州和哥伦比亚特区对Meta公司的诉讼展开，引出年轻人是否沉迷社交媒体和互联网的讨论，并提及相关研究发现。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第一段“A group of 41 states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them. (41个州和哥伦比亚特区开始对Facebook、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的母公司Meta提起诉讼，坚称该公司故意使用其平台上的功能，导致儿童过度使用这些平台)”可知，Meta被指控故意利用平台功能诱使儿童过度使用其社交媒体平台。故选C项。 2. The history of the bicycle dates back to the early 19th century. The first bicycles were called “velocipedes” and were made of wood. They had no pedals and were propelled by the rider pushing their feet against the ground. In the 1860s, the “boneshaker” was invented. It had metal frames and solid rubber tires, and it was the first bicycle to have pedals. Over the years, bicycles have continued to evolve. The invention of the pneumatic (air-filled) tire in the 1880s made for a much more comfortable ride. Today, bicycles come in a wide variety of styles and are used for many different purposes, including transportation, exercise, and sport. What was the first bicycle with pedals called? A. The velocipede. B. The boneshaker. C. The pneumatic tire bicycle. D. It’s not mentioned. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自行车的发展历史。 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In the 1860s, the “boneshaker” was invented. It had metal frames and solid rubber tires, and it was the first bicycle to have pedals.(19世纪60年代，boneshaker问世。它有金属车架和实心橡胶轮胎，是第一款带有踏板的自行车)”可知，第一款带踏板的自行车名为boneshaker。故选B项。 3. Scientists have long been interested in the effects of music on the human brain. A recent study found that listening to classical music can have a positive impact on memory and concentration. The researchers conducted an experiment with two groups of students. One group listened to classical music while studying, and the other group studied in silence. The results showed that the students who listened to classical music had better recall of information than those who studied in silence. In addition to its effects on memory, music has also been shown to have an impact on mood. Up - tempo music can make people feel more energetic and positive, while slow, soothing music can help to reduce stress and anxiety. Many people use music as a form of self-care, listening to their favorite songs to relax after a long day or to boost their mood when they’re feeling down. What was the difference between the two groups of students in the experiment? A. One group was smarter than the other. B. One group listened to music while the other didn’t. C. One group studied longer than the other. D. One group was more concentrated than the other. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐对人类大脑的影响，包括古典音乐有助于记忆力和专注力，以及不同节奏音乐对情绪的不同作用。 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The researchers conducted an experiment with two groups of students. One group listened to classical music while studying, and the other group studied in silence.(研究人员对两组学生进行了实验。一组学生在学习时听古典音乐，另一组则在安静的环境中学习)”可知，两组学生的区别在于一组在学习时听古典音乐，另一组在安静的环境中学习、不听音乐。故选B项。 4. The Internet has become part of our daily lives. We use it for work, for entertainment, and for keeping in touch with friends and family. One of the most popular uses of the Internet is online shopping. According to a recent survey, more than 60% of consumers in the United States have made at least one online purchase in the past year. The convenience of shopping from home, the wide variety of products available, and the ability to compare prices easily are some of the reasons why online shopping has become so popular. However, online shopping also has its drawbacks. One concern is the security of personal information. When consumers enter their credit card numbers and other personal details on a website, there is a risk that this information could be stolen by hackers. Another issue is the quality of products. Since consumers can't see or touch the products before buying them, they sometimes receive items that are of lower quality than expected. What is one of the main reasons for the popularity of online shopping according to the text? A. The speed of delivery. B. The ability to bargain in person. C. The convenience of shopping from home. D. The opportunity to meet new people. 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了互联网成为日常生活一部分，网购受青睐及其流行原因，同时指出网购在个人信息安全和产品质量方面的不足。 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The convenience of shopping from home, the wide variety of products available, and the ability to compare prices easily are some of the reasons why online shopping has become so popular.(在家购物的便利性、丰富的产品种类以及轻松比价的能力，是网购如此流行的部分原因)”可知，在家购物的便利性是网购流行的主要原因之一。故选C项。 5. Mrs. Lily ordered a beef steak and a cup of coffee. She needed to pay ________. A. $4.00 B. $12.00 C. $16.00 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要呈现了“美味”店的汉堡、肉类、饮品价格，用于解决消费金额计算问题。 【详解】细节理解题。根据价目表中“Beef steak $12.00(牛排12美元)”和“Coffee $4.00(咖啡4美元)”可知，莉莉夫人需支付$12 + $4 = $16。故选C。 考点二：词义猜测题 例1. I argued, pointing out that school was about to start, and I didn’t want to wait for the bus. My dad, known for his stubbornness, wouldn’t give in. After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. “Fine, but be careful,” he said. I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and I was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因不想等公交车与固执的父亲争执后获准开车，却因路面湿滑车子滑进雪堆的经历。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据本段第一段中“After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. “Fine, but be careful,” he said. (激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。“很好，但要小心，”他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词triumphant意思是“得意的”，与proud意思相同。故选B。 例2. Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here’s the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it’s thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store — one that wouldn’t just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. The phrase “the kicker” most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快时尚浪费现象及应对新构想。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词语上文“Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills.(每年，数百万吨的衣物被丢弃，其中近一半最终进入了垃圾填埋场。)”、和下文“most of it barely gets worn before it’s thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion.(由于快时尚的无休止循环，大部分衣物在被扔掉之前几乎都没怎么穿过。)”可知，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在“每年大量衣服被丢弃”的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。the kicker意思是“意想不到且令人惊讶的事”，故选B。 例3. Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. ... Despite all these, since loads of influencers have cheered their slimming successes on these drugs, it seems everybody wants to try them. The heavy demand has led to shortages. Throughout 2023, people with type 2 diabetes struggled to access Ozempic. Periodic shortages are expected to continue in 2024, while those who can access these drugs face a significant financial cost. The cost is much too high to the vast majority of Americans-a monthly supply will set one back more than $1000. Jennifer Blackburn has lost 16 kilograms (and kept it off). “I feel happier, more confident,” says Blackburn, “It’s about much more than size — it’s like the weight is lifted off my shoulders.” With such supportive voices, the future of Ozempic remains unpredictable so far. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了糖尿病药物 Ozempic 受追捧用于减肥，引发供应短缺、费用高昂等问题，前景尚不明朗。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing.(2022年底，她开始服用治疗糖尿病的奥兹匹克(Ozempic)，这种药已become synonymous with名人减肥。其效果能改变人生)”以及最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lost 16 kilograms (and kept it off). “I feel happier, more confident.” says Black burn, “It’s about much more than size—it’s like the weight is lifted off my shoulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已经减掉了16公斤(并一直保持着)。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” Blackburn说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despite all these, since loads of influencers have cheered their slimming successes on these drugs, it seems everybody wants to try them.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，Jennifer Blackburn因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”，与B选项be equivalent to意思相同。故选B。 1. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure-all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居民组织的相关行动有助于老年人居家养老，可避免其因小问题仓促放弃住房。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的。)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. (“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必precipitous做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说。)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促”意思相符。选项C“rushed (匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。 2. It’s not unheard of for one event to kick off a whole new field of scientific inquiry. Still it’s rare. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Optimistic. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了 Lorimer发表研究论文后，科学界对其发现普遍持怀疑态度。许多人认为，看似突破性的科学发现可能只是数据错误，强调了科学验证的严谨性。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data(有时候，看似了不起的科学发现，其实是数据上的错误)”可知，许多人对Lorimer的论文持怀疑态度，认为是数据上的错误。故划线词意思是“怀疑的”。 D选项“Doubtful(怀疑的)”与划线词意思相近。故选D。 3. The new product on the market is a real game-changer. It has revolutionized the way we communicate. Instead of the traditional methods that were often slow and cumbersome, this device allows for instantaneous and seamless connection. It’s so compact that you can carry it with you wherever you go, and its user-friendly interface makes it accessible to people of all ages. What does the word “cumbersome” in the text probably mean? A. Convenient. B. Complicated. C. Quick. D. Modern. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一款市场上的新产品，它改变了沟通方式，小巧便携且界面友好。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据“Instead of the traditional methods that were often slow and cumbersome, this device allows for instantaneous and seamless connection.(与传统的、往往缓慢而cumbersome的方法不同，这种设备可以实现即时无缝连接。)”可知，传统方法慢且cumbersome，与新设备的“instantaneous and seamless(即时无缝)”形成对比，所以cumbersome意思是“笨拙繁琐的，复杂的”，与Complicated意思相近。故选B。 4. ... (Paragraph 2) The word “misophonia” literally means “a hatred of sound” and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds cause intense emotional or psychological responses that... What does the underlined word “traumatic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Physically painful B. Mentally satisfying C. Spiritually comforting D. Emotionally disturbing 【答案】D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“恐音症”的字面含义、别称、部分专家的质疑及患者的痛苦感受。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Certain sounds cause intense emotional or psychological responses that... (某些声音会引发强烈的情绪或心理反应，这些反应……)”可知，恐音症患者会受声音影响产生负面的情绪或心理反应，“traumatic”应体现这种负面感受，指情感上令人痛苦或困扰的。A. Physically painful(身体上疼痛的)； B. Mentally satisfying(心理上满足的)；C. Spiritually comforting(精神上安慰的)；D. Emotionally disturbing(情绪上困扰的)。D选项符合“强烈负面情绪反应”的描述。 故选D。 5. If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, you’d better check the Durban City Tours. This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want! What does the underlined word “strained” in this paragraph mean? A. Easy. B. Stressful. C. Steady. D. Casual. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章推荐南非德班城市游，称其是当下好选择，能让人逃离紧张的城市生活，享受放松，还可参观景点、看大象甚至骑大象。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? ( 没有什么比想到有一个地方可以去放松更让人放松的了，对吧？)”以及下文“but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. (但你可以逃离这种情况，到一个只有放松的地方。)”可知，前文提到德班之旅能让人放松，后文用“but”转折，指出城市生活能让人“逃离(escape)” 这种状态，说明“strained”与 “relaxation”(放松)相反，即“充满压力的”，与 B选项“Stressful(紧张的，压力大的)”含义一致。故选B项。 6. My plan is to go hiking in the Grand Canyon, as I want to see the beautiful scenery there and experience the wonders of one of the largest canyons on Earth. Since the Colorado River flows through the canyon, finding water to drink is not an issue. However, many of the paths are quite rocky and narrow with a high cliff on one side, so it can be perilous to hike there. Another problem is wild animals such as rattlesnakes, mountain lions, scorpions, and skunks. On the other hand, the colours and natural wonders inside the canyon are so beautiful that it makes such a trip worthwhile, and hiking in the canyon would help me learn more about its unique geography, along with its plants and animals. It’s true that it might be a little dangerous hiking in such a place, but to be alone under the open sky will fill me with great peace and allow me to clear my mind and focus on the positive things in my life. And to challenge myself with the difficulty seems like a wonderful experience. I think I can learn a great deal from travelling. What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Impossible. B. Dangerous. C. Easy. D. Interesting. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者计划去大峡谷徒步旅行，提及了途中可能遇到的危险，但也表达了此次旅行能带来的诸多益处与独特体验。 【小题1】词句猜测题。根据原文“However, many of the paths are quite rocky and narrow with a high cliff on one side, so it can be perilous to hike there.(然而，许多小路相当崎岖狭窄，一侧有高高的悬崖，所以在那里徒步旅行可能是perilous的)”可知，因为小路崎岖狭窄且一侧有高崖，所以在那里徒步旅行是有危险的。故划线词“perilous”的意思是“危险的”，与B项“Dangerous”同义。故选B项。 7. The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 【答案】A 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了波茨坦气候影响研究所(PIK)最近的一项突破性研究预测，气候变化会造成巨大的经济损失，预计到2050年，每年的损失约为38万亿美元。这一数字凸显了全球范围内面临的严峻经济挑战，预计受到最大影响的是对温室气体排放负责最少的国家。 【详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts.(研究结果揭示了一个令人不安的差异：热带地区国家对历史碳排放的贡献最小，但其预计遭受的收入损失，却比高收入、高排放国家高出60%。这凸显了一个重大的气候正义问题 —— 这些最不发达国家拥有的资源更少，难以适应日益加剧的气候影响。)”可推知，作者在第四段中所说的“令人不安的差距”是指对碳排放责任最小的贫穷国家，将在经济上遭受最严重的打击。故选A。 考点三：推理判断题 例1. In a small town, there was a local bookstore that had been in business for decades. The store was known for its wide selection of books, from classic literature to the latest best-sellers. However, in recent years, a large online bookstore started to gain popularity. The local bookstore saw a significant decline in its customer traffic. The owner of the local bookstore tried various strategies to attract customers. He organized book clubs, hosted author signings, and offered discounts. Despite these efforts, the store continued to struggle. Many of the younger customers in the town preferred the convenience of shopping online and the wider range of e-books available. What can be inferred about the future of the local bookstore? A. It will definitely close down soon. B. It might survive if it can adapt to the changes. C. It will become more popular than the online bookstore. D. It will only sell classic literature in the future. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经营数十年的小镇本地书店受热门网上书店冲击，客流量大减，店主虽尝试多种策略吸引顾客仍处境艰难。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“The owner of the local bookstore tried various strategies to attract customers. He organized book clubs, hosted author signings, and offered discounts. Despite these efforts, the store continued to struggle. Many of the younger customers in the town preferred the convenience of shopping online and the wider range of e-books available.(当地书店的老板尝试了各种策略来吸引顾客。他组织了读书俱乐部，举办了作家签名会，并提供折扣。尽管做出了这些努力，但这家店仍在苦苦挣扎。镇上的许多年轻顾客更喜欢网上购物的便利性和更广泛的电子书)”可知，当地书店面临顾客流量下降的困境，尝试了多种策略来吸引顾客。虽然目前仍在挣扎，但没有明确表明一定会倒闭，所以可以推断出如果它能适应变化(比如顾客偏好的变化等)，或许能够生存下去。故选B项。 例2. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A. Reserved. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. 【答案】A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，因奇点本身的特殊性及相关发展涉及 AI 算法、硬件能力、社会因素等难预测变量，准确预测其发生时间极为困难。 【详解】推理判断题。根据该段的“Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.(此外，罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼•亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。 例3. Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is ________. A. to illustrate that failure can lead to success B. to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C. to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D. to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 【答案】B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了创造力的培养除了练习，还需要鼓励探索和解决问题的环境，音乐、科学、艺术等领域的诸多突破并非源于突发灵感，而是来自持续的努力与反复试验，爱迪生发明灯泡的例子也印证了这一点。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡).(同样，科学家在发现突破性的解决方案之前，可能会进行无数次失败的实验。例如，托马斯·爱迪生在发明灯泡之前曾说过，他的成功建立在“1000种行不通的方法”之上)”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生的例子是为了说明创造力需要坚持不懈的努力，即毅力对创造力至关重要。故选B。 例4. Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【答案】A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。《阅读艺术：为书迷而设的艺术》借全球博物馆近300件艺术品展现书籍，呈现不同历史时期的阅读场景，凸显跨越文化与时间的人文共鸣，且艺术品编排强调古今文化关联。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.(《阅读艺术：为书迷而设的艺术》是对日常物品——书籍的一种颂扬，这里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件相关艺术作品)”及第二段首句“In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.(在这部“书籍之书”中，艺术品的选取和排列方式旨在突显不同时代和文化之间的相互联系)”可知，本文是在介绍一本关于书本的书，所以很可能节选自对一本书的介绍。故选A。 例5. Where to Shop in London James Smith & Sons Have you ever seen a nobleman with a fine walking stick or a fashionable woman with an umbrella that's definitely not one of those five-dollar bargains from New York City street? Well； you could be that person too. But you have to go to Jame Smith & Sons. They specialize in all kinds of high-quality walking sticks and umbrellas. Harvie & Hudson UK and Italy are two leading countries when it comes to clothing for men. And you know that it’ll cost you your wages of several months to buy a suit of clothes there. But Harvie & Hudson is fairly accessible, especially for the kind of quality you get. A worthy alternative! You can’t go wrong with two sport jackets for around £200. That's a good deal. Hatchards Hatchards in Piccadilly, which opened in 1797, can claim to be the oldest bookstore in the UK with around 100,000 books, and has a special section for signed first editions, and children's books. Beyond that, it offers personalized book subscription services for a very reasonable sum — you'll just need to pay additional postage for shipment to America. The Whisky Exchange For those who love whisky and brandy, this is the best choice, since ifs one of the city's important liquor stores. It’s possible to order bottles to be shipped to America. You're bound to find something you'll never see at home. Ifs like the Willy Wonka factory for Scotch drinkers and collectors. Who are the target readers of the text? A. The natives. B. British visitors. C. Foreign students. D. American travelers. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了适合英国游客的四大购物圣地。 【详解】推理判断题。根据文章题目“Where to Shop in London”(在伦敦去哪里购物)以及文章介绍个四大购物圣地选择可推断出，文章的受众应该是来英国的游客，尤其是来伦敦的游客。故选B。 1. It’s mid-afternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap(打盹) ? In point of advantage, it is worth it. Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests naps can boost at least some people’s mental process of understanding in the short term. Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness(警觉) to memory performance. ...... How does the writer prove arguments in the text mainly? A. By listing statistics. B. By criticize wrong opinions. C. By making comparison. D. By presenting study results. 【答案】D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。日间小睡对人是有好处的，但是应该控制小睡的时间，但是小睡和任何特定健康结果之间的关系以及午睡的长期影响尚不可知。文章对此进行了介绍。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower.(几项研究发现，适时的小睡可以在短期内提高脑力。)”和第三段第一句““A brief nap can also inspire people with creativity,” a 2021 study in Science Advances found.(《科学进展》杂志2021年的一项研究发现：“短暂的小睡也能激发人们的创造力。”)”可知，作者在文中主要通过展示研究结果来证明观点。故选D。 2. The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and-most importantly-tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger. While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt. For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella(沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat. Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about healthy eating Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables. What’s appealing is the prospect or enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt. Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate. change, and not just because methane(甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner. A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the UN, Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? I: Introduction      P: Point     Sp: Sub-point(次要点)     C: Conclusion A. B. C. D. 【答案】D 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。针对植物性汉堡的出现，牛肉行业强烈抵制并列举了植物性汉堡诸多问题；但作者认为植物性汉堡既能满足肉类需求，又能提供蛋白质，且气候足迹(对气候的影响)更小，是一种潜在的环境改变者。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and-most importantly-tastes so much like real hamburger beef.(素食汉堡是完全没有肉的。但是它的外观、气味、感觉和味道-最重要的是-都非常像真正的汉堡牛肉)”引出文章的主题，介绍“植物性汉堡”；接下来“In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.(事实上，以植物为基础的汉堡替代品已经引起了牛肉行业的强烈抵制。消费者自由中心是一个代表快餐和肉类行业倡导的非营利组织，它发起了一场针对植物性肉类的“信息”运动。这场运动包括电视和网络广告，以及报纸上的平面广告。这些广告似乎在暗示，人造汉堡不仅加工过度，而且可能比普通牛肉汉堡更不健康)”提出有人反对植物性汉堡的观点；根据第二段“While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.(虽然植物性肉类替代品确实是经过加工的，而且吃植物性肉类也确实不如一堆生蔬菜健康，但最好还是对这些广告持谨慎态度)”提出对那些反对意见的广告要谨慎看待(即支持植物性汉堡)；第三段和第六段是支持的次要点；第四和五段讲它有缺点，即不支持的次要点；最后一段是作者的总结和看法，因此文章中思想的发展结构应该是D项。 3. Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary(兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true. Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world. Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation. Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species. Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals, or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems. Some conservationists work in educational fields, trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction. Animals are subject to illness and injury, and some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian. While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets, vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves. Humans love to observe animals, and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs. Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs, to creating the proper diet for a deer, to cleaning the tiger’s cage. Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals. 8. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage? (P1=paragraph 1; P2= paragraph 2; P3= paragraph 3; P4= paragraph 1; P5= paragraph 5) A. B. C. D. 【答案】A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学相关职业的多样性，并就四种相关的职业进行了具体讲解。 【详解】推理判断题。第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段是关于现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣；又提供一些设施来帮助保护动物。后边四个段落从不同角度对第一段进行分述，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A项。 4. Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A. Suspicious. B. Optimistic. C. Neutral. D. Concerned. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了农民能成功适应技术变革，AI或成新挑战且有益。 【详解】推理判断题。根据本段中“AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing.(人工智能很可能只是一长串挑战中最新的一个，这些挑战将被适应能力强、精力充沛的农民所接受。任何能让我不用在收获季节日夜查看天气预报的事情都是好事)”可知，作者对AI节省人力，如免于日夜查看天气预报积极评价，因此推断作者对人工智能在农业上的应用持乐观态度。故选B。 5. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A. It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B. It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C. It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D. It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 【答案】D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了假期返校后，作者因班级录音活动开启广播事业之路，凭借早年积累的信心入行，25 年后登上 BBC 电视新闻节目，而这一切源于父亲那份改变作者人生的圣诞礼物。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. (假期结束回到学校后，我迈出了播音员职业道路上的第一步。我很幸运，能和一群对录音机情有独钟、富有想象力和创造力的男孩在一起，没过多久，我们就开始制作自己的广播节目。我会拿着麦克风在学校里走来走去，用我在收音机里听到的声音的方式记录下我的想法。)”和第二段中“Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. (十年后，我凭借早期对声音的参与所获得的信心，走进了一家电台，希望把自己推销为一名广播记者。)”可知，录音机激发了作者对声音和广播的热情。故选D项。 6. This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the decreased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, some can live well without advanced techniques. Probably the most well known are the Amish. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They think living in a traditional way is better than caring about luxuries. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the Internet allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To recommend the driverless cars. B. To describe the issues of new technology. C. To provide information of the Amish people. D. To appeal people to accept new technology. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕自动驾驶汽车事故引发的科技发展争议展开，通过正反两方观点和作者个人态度，探讨了是否应接受新技术的问题。 【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“In the article, various people said we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the decreased said it was not enough. (文章中，各方人士表示，不应仅仅因为技术新颖就接受它。报纸报道称，涉事车企已就该起事故致歉，但遇难者家属认为这样的道歉远远不够)”可知，第一段的目的是描述新技术存在的问题。故选B项。 7. Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) …Late Work … Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 【答案】C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。 【详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。 考点四：主旨大意题 例1. Yoshiko Abe is about to turn 89, but that hasn’t stopped her from going to the gym every day and trying the free-of-charge makeup course at her housing complex. “It was really helpful,” she said, smiling after putting on foundation and pink lipstick, something she hadn’t done in years. Japan is the fastest-aging society in the world, where more than a quarter of its population is 65 and older, at 36 million people. In about a decade, the percentage will be 33%. The market for older people is estimated to grow to more than 100 trillion yen ($650 billion) in size this year. No wonder the young-at-heart are an expanding community for business. ......... Yoshihiko Hotta, 85, the only man in the class of about 30 people, didn’t try the lipstick but happily put on the hand cream and went along with all the exercise routines. While acknowledging he felt something like aching legs, he declared firmly, “I don’t think age is relevant.” What’s the main idea of this passage? A. Seniors in Japan are well aware of group identity. B. The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging. C. Experts appeal to seniors to remain mentally active. D. Makeup courses are popular with the young-at-heart in Japan. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本老龄化背景下银发经济兴起及老人积极生活。 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段“Japan is the fastest-aging society in the world, where more than a quarter of its population is 65 and older, at 36 million people. In about a decade, the percentage will be 33%. The market for older people is estimated to grow to more than 100 trillion yen ($650 billion) in size this year. No wonder the young-at-heart are an expanding community for business.(日本是世界上老龄化速度最快的社会，超过四分之一的人口年龄在65岁及以上，达3600万人。大约十年后，这一比例将达到33%。今年，老年人的市场规模预计将增长到超过100万亿日元(6500亿美元)。难怪心态年轻的老年人是一个不断扩大的商业群体。)”可知，本文主要讲述了日本银发经济(针对老年人的经济市场)的兴起，这重新定义了老龄化(意味着老年人市场潜力大，老年人有更多机会参与活动等，改变了对老龄化的传统认知)。“The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging.(日本银发经济的兴起重新定义了老龄化。)”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选B。 例2. If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 【答案】A 【语篇解读】本段是一篇议论文中的一段。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 【详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 例3. This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. ...... “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? What might be the best title of this passage? A. AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B. AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C. Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D. Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 【答案】D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. (本周的诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两位帮助计算机像人类大脑一样“学习”的科学家。一天后，化学奖颁给了三位利用人工智能设计蛋白质和揭示分子结构的研究人员，这是一个困扰生物学家几十年的问题。)”和最后一段“Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. (科学越来越是一种团队努力，这是一个美好而重要的现实，而诺贝尔奖以其严格的规则和类别，很难对此进行赞扬。)”可知，文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。D选项“诺贝尔奖凸显了人工智能和科学中的团队合作”为短文的最佳标题，故选 D。 1. Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial(抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050, up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many. It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms. Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics. ... Governments can help fund basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics. B. Phages could help prevent an antibiotic crisis. C. Development of antibiotics is limited by phages. D. Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抗生素在现代医学中的重要作用及其面临的耐药性危机。由于长期滥用，细菌产生了抗药性，导致超级细菌出现，使抗生素效果减弱，人类面临巨大健康威胁，需重视这一危机。 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment.(然而，由于数十年的过度使用，抗生素的效力正在减弱。一些细菌已经进化出抗药性，从而形成了越来越多的超级细菌群体，针对这些细菌几乎没有有效的治疗方法。)”及第三段“Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.(微生物学家数十年前就已发现，致病细菌也会 “生病”。它们对噬菌体的攻击极为敏感 —— 噬菌体是一类专门感染并常常杀灭细菌的病毒。噬菌体被认为是颇具前景的抗生素替代方案。)”及最后一段“In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.(假以时日，他们便能建立噬菌体库，从而降低生产成本。同时，他们还可以普及过度使用抗生素的风险，以及噬菌体的潜在益处。)”可知，文章主要解释了噬菌体可以替代问题众多的抗生素，有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取措施推动推广，所以本文的主旨是噬菌体可以帮助预防抗生素危机。B选项“Phages could help prevent an antibiotic crisis.(噬菌体或许能够帮助预防抗生素危机。)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选B。 2. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on various industries. In the healthcare field, AI can be used to analyze medical data, assist in diagnosis, and predict disease outbreaks. In the manufacturing sector, it enables more efficient production processes and quality control. In the transportation industry, self-driving cars, which rely on AI technology, are becoming a reality. However, the rise of AI also brings concerns. There are fears about job losses as machines replace human workers in some tasks. Ethical issues, such as the use of AI in surveillance and the potential for biased algorithms, also need to be addressed. Overall, AI is a powerful technology that offers great opportunities but also requires careful consideration and management. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The applications of AI in different industries. B. The benefits and concerns of AI. C. The future of AI. D. How AI is changing the job market. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在医疗、制造、交通等行业的应用，以及其带来的失业担忧和伦理问题等隐患。 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on various industries. (人工智能 (AI)的发展对各个行业产生了深远影响。)”以及第二段“However, the rise of AI also brings concerns. (然而，人工智能的兴起也带来了担忧。)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能带来的益处和担忧。故选B项。 3. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 【答案】B 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 4. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【答案】D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要举例说明整体医学的有效性。 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 5. Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 【答案】D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 【详解】主旨要义题。根据第二段“In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.(在《省钱：美食》中，她每周都会去不同的家，在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，她提供了如何减少食物浪费的顶级建议，同时为每个家庭每天准备不到5英镑的食谱)”和第五段“The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.(该团队用更便宜但仍然美味的食谱改变了这个家庭漫长的庆祝周末)”可知这个节目的特点是用更少的钱去做好饭，故D项Cooking Well for Less(用更少的钱烹饪好)是最佳标题。故选D项。 一、阅读理解 A There’s a girl at my school. We don’t get on well. She keeps spreading rumors about me, and now my classmates stay away from me. What should I do? —Sam Some people spread rumors to scare others and make themselves popular. But spreading rumors usually makes people feel sad. So if you’re the one others spread rumors about, or if you face social harm, what can you do? Ask an adult you trust for help. Talk to someone you can believe in, like your mom, dad, teacher, or coach. Tell them what’s happening to you. Keep telling them new things, even when things start to get better. This adult will listen to you. They can make you feel supported and less alone. Find your good friends. Look for one or two friends who want to help you and won’t believe the rumors. If you want, tell these friends how you feel. Don’t think too much about the problem. If you keep thinking about it, it will be harder for you. Do something to take your mind off it — maybe even forget it for a while. Spend time with your friends and do fun things you like. Talk to the girl directly. Try to speak to the girl who’s spreading rumors about you. Don’t be angry or unkind. Don’t shout. Just say what you want in a calm and clear way. After you finish talking, you can just walk away. Going through this kind of thing is hard and painful. Stay positive, get help from others, and try to say “no” to people who spread rumors. These steps can help you get through the hard time and become stronger. 1. According to the text, what is Sam’s problem? A. He has no friends at all. B. His teachers don’t like him. C. He spread rumors about a girl. D. A girl is spreading rumors about him. 2. Who does the writer suggest Sam talk to for help? A. All his classmates. B. An adult he can trust. C. His best friend’s parents. D. The girl who spreads rumors. 3. What can we get from the writer’s advice about talking to the girl? A. The writer believes a calm talk might help. B. The writer thinks talking to her is useless. C. Sam must apologize to the girl first. D. Sam should avoid her completely. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell a story about Sam and a girl. B. To explain why people spread rumors. C. To warn students not to spread rumors. D. To give advice on dealing with rumors. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了Sam遇到的问题以及针对他遇到的问题给出的建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“There’s a girl at my school. We don’t get on well. She keeps spreading rumors about me, and now my classmates stay away from me.(我们学校有个女孩。我们相处得不好。她一直在散布关于我的谣言，现在我的同学都远离我。)”可知，Sam的问题是一个女孩在散布关于他的谣言。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Ask an adult you trust for help.(找一个你信任的成年人寻求帮助。)”可知，作者建议Sam找一个他可以信任的成年人寻求帮助。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Try to speak to the girl who’s spreading rumors about you. Don’t be angry or unkind. Don’t shout. Just say what you want in a calm and clear way.(试着和那个散布关于你谣言的女孩谈谈。不要生气或不友善。不要大喊大叫。以冷静清晰的方式说出你想说的。)”可知，作者认为平静的交谈可能会有帮助。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“So if you’re the one others spread rumors about, or if you face social harm, what can you do.(所以，如果你是别人散布谣言的对象，或者你面临社会伤害，你能做什么。)”和紧接着文章给出了几条应对谣言的建议，由此可知，这篇文章的主要目的是就如何应对谣言给出建议。故选D。 B Local fashion designer Amy Deal used her love of skateboarding to bring her community together. “I didn’t grow up here, ” explains Amy, 60, a member of the local traditional community. “I was adopted and came home five years ago, which puts me at 5 years old here.” She may technically be only a kindergartner, but she has accomplished an unbelievable amount in just five years. Since coming home, Amy, a former designer of high-end sportswear for brands like Puma and Reebok, had opened her own fashion shop, 4Kinship, one of the only community-owned shops in Santa Fe, NM. But she also wanted to build something special for the children in the area. “They face some challenges: we have high poverty and facility issues. I wanted to create a transformative space for their physical and mental health,” she says. “A skate park seemed to be a good fit.” “Staying active is really important,” Amy continues. “The community faces alarmingly high level of diabetes and obesity. Skateboarding is accessible from a cost standpoint — all you need is a board and a helmet — and you can do it alone or with friends. And I wanted them to feel cool, and skateboarding's kind of cool sport.” Two Grey Hills Skatepark has become a comfort zone in ways Amy never imagined. “I thought I was building it for the kids, but the reality is that it’s bringing our community together. It's an inter-generational space,” she says. “People are learning a lot of life lessons there: having confidence, falling down and getting up — that’s very transformative.” Not having grown up in the culture, Amy has found it extraordinarily meaningful to have a place where generations can come together: “Whenever children call me ‘Auntie Amy, come to see this’ at the skate park, it is one of the most joyful things ever. When I’m there, it’s just a feeling that I’m home.” 5. What can we learn about Amy from the first two paragraphs? A. She was born in the community. B. She had strong designing abilities. C. She once worked in a kindergarten. D. She opened the only community shop. 6. Why did Amy decide to build a skate park in the area? A. To renew the facilities. B. To improve children’s health. C. To expand her business plan. D. To help families escape poverty. 7. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Two Grey Hills Skatepark? A. Far-reaching. B. Short-lived. C. Damaging. D. Predictable. 8. What does Amy’s experience show? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Hard work finally pays off. C. Health is the key to success. D. A small action makes a difference. 【答案】5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。设计师艾米回到社区五年，凭借设计专长开店，还为改善孩子身心健康修建滑板公园，意外凝聚社区、促进代际交流，意义深远。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since coming home, Amy, a former designer of high-end sportswear for brands like Puma and Reebok, had opened her own fashion shop, 4Kinship, one of the only community-owned shops in Santa Fe, NM.(前彪马(Puma)、锐步(Reebok)等品牌高端运动服装设计师艾米(Amy)返乡后，开设了自己的时尚店铺 “4Kinship”。这家店是新墨西哥州圣达菲市为数不多的社区所有店铺之一。)”可知，艾米拥有很强的设计能力。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“I wanted to create a transformative space for their physical and mental health,(我想为他们的身心健康创造一个具有变革意义的空间，)”和第三段““Staying active is really important,” Amy continues. “The community faces alarmingly high level of diabetes and obesity. Skateboarding is accessible from a cost standpoint——all you need is a board and a helmet——and you can do it alone or with friends. And I wanted them to feel cool, and skateboarding's kind of cool sport.(“保持活跃非常重要，”艾米接着说，“这个社区的糖尿病和肥胖症发病率高得惊人。从成本来看，滑板运动很容易参与——你只需要一块滑板和一个头盔，而且可以独自进行，也能和朋友一起玩。我希望他们能觉得自己很酷，而滑板正是一种挺酷的运动。”)”可知，艾米建滑板公园是为了改善孩子们的健康。故选B项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“I thought I was building it for the kids, but the reality is that it’s bringing our community together. It's an inter-generational space,” she says. “People are learning a lot of life lessons there: having confidence, falling down and getting up——that’s very transformative.(“我原本以为是为孩子们打造的，但实际上，它正在让我们整个社区凝聚起来。这里成了跨代交流的空间，”她说，“大家在这儿学到了很多人生道理：树立自信、跌倒后重新站起来 —— 这些都有着极大的改变力量。”)”可知，滑板公园的影响深远。故选A项。 8. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Local fashion designer Amy Deal used her love of skateboarding to bring her community together.(当地时尚设计师艾米・迪尔(Amy Deal)凭借对滑板运动的热爱，让自己所在的社区凝聚在了一起。)”以及下文可知，文章主要讲艾米出于对滑板的热爱，为解决社区孩子的健康问题修建滑板公园，最终不仅帮助了孩子，还凝聚了整个社区、促进了代际交流，产生了意想不到的积极影响。这体现了“一个小小的行动能带来巨大改变”。故选D项。 C Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their broken vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 42,120 kilometers around the world and passed through over 35 countries. They did this to support the grass roots education projects in Africa, Asia and South America. The pair, who set off from London, thought their journey was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers away from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepén, Peru, they discovered a repairman who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it. The pair were back on the road aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes. Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed first-hand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a U.K. registered charity. Talking about their motivation, Richard said, “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieve universal primary education but, in spite of this promise, over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, but still cannot access quality learning opportunities.” 9. Why did the two teachers travel around the world? A. To give support to education projects. B. To create a new record in a journey. C. To find like-minded teachers to work with. D. To explore landscapes of different countries. 10. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Their achievements in fighting poverty. B. Their exciting experiences on the road. C. The beautiful scenery of famous mountains. D. The difficulties and dangers of the journey. 11. Which of the following best describes the two teachers? A. Curious and brave. B. Humorous and generous. C. Responsible and courageous. D. Efficient and honest. 12. What can we infer from Richard’s words in the last paragraph? A. Students in developing countries need to be further educated. B. The world’s leaders don’t pay enough attention to education. C. People should work together to promote equality in education. D. Universal primary education remains a long way to go. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。两位英国教师为支持非亚南美基层教育，驾驶三轮车环球旅行4.2万多公里、途经35国，克服车辆故障、自然险阻等困难，还成立慈善信托，助力普及小学教育。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“They did this to support the grass roots education projects in Africa, Asia and South America.(他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目)”可知，这两位老师环游世界是为了为教育项目提供支持。故选A。 10. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The pair were back on the road aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.(这对搭档又踏上了征程，朝着他们的下一个目标进发。在他们的旅途中，他们不得不穿越沙漠和丛林。他们还曾在乌干达和博茨瓦纳与大象有过近距离的遭遇，在马来西亚也曾遭遇过事故。在三轮车上，最大的困难就是沿途出现的山脉，包括阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和安第斯山脉)”可知，第三段说明了旅途中的困难与危险。故选D。 11. 推理判断题。根据第一段“They did this to support the grass roots education projects in Africa, Asia and South America.(他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目)”以及第三段“The pair were back on the road aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.(这对搭档又踏上了征程，朝着他们的下一个目标进发。在他们的旅途中，他们不得不穿越沙漠和丛林。他们还曾在乌干达和博茨瓦纳与大象有过近距离的遭遇，在马来西亚也曾遭遇过事故。在旅途中，最大的困难就是沿途的山脉，包括阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和安第斯山脉)”可知，这两位老师责任心强且勇敢无畏。故选C。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a U.K. registered charity. Talking about their motivation, Richard said, “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieve universal primary education but, in spite of this promise, over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, but still cannot access quality learning opportunities.”(这两人成立了“嘟嘟车教育信托”组织，这是一家在英国注册的慈善机构。谈到他们的初衷时，理查德说：“世界各国的领导人已承诺要实现普及小学教育的目标，但尽管有这一承诺，全球仍有超过 5700 万处于小学年龄段的儿童未上学；还有更多的孩子虽然在学校就读，但仍然无法获得优质的教育机会。”)”可知，全民基础教育仍有很长的路要走。故选D。 D When the toy called Labubu appeared on office desks in China, it was more than just a popular trend. It became a huge cultural wave that swept from celebrity houses to ordinary people’s living rooms, and from pop-up stores in Beijing malls to the screens of millions on social media. Some critics see it as a risky bubble(泡沫) , pointing to very high resale prices (for example, a perfect Labubu sold for ¥108,000) and reselling plans led by Teca that change the product’s real value. They stress that young buyers, especially Generation Z, are easily influenced by short-lived online trends, putting emotional satisfaction ahead of logical thinking. They believe Labubu’s popularity points to a shallow consumer culture that cares more about newness than real value. However, a closer look shows that Labubu represents deep changes in Chinese spending habits. The tastes and habits of young buyers — especially those in smaller cities who add 60%of new spending — are influencing industries from travel to fashion and are reshaping the consumer landscape with their growing buying power and preferences. For example, Labubu’s “weird-cute” style connects with a generation seeking uniqueness, and its success as a Chinese brand reflects growing pride in local products. Then there’s the emotional and cultural side of consumption. Trendy toys like Labubu are just the tip of the iceberg. The stress-relief industry is booming, drawing the attention of the country’s youth. Additionally, the spending power by women (who control about ¥10 trillion each year) and people living alone (now over 14% of families) highlights a bigger move toward personalized consumption — ranging from smart devices to travel based on experiences. These trends are built to last, not just temporary. While doubt about too much commercial focus is fair, seeing Labubu as a bubble misses its deeper meaning. Companies that use these insights, like those making smart cars designed for young buyers’ social needs, will succeed. So, Labubu is a small example of a permanent change: China’s market future will be won by brands that understand the emotional connection behind youth spending, not just the items they buy. 13. What is the concern about Labubu? A. It represents a risky economic bubble. B. Its company intends to drive up prices. C. Its influence is limited to toy companies. D. It creates negative market and social effects. 14. Who is responsible for most new spending in China? A. Older generations. B. People living alone. C. Women in major cities. D. The young in smaller cities. 15. How does the author organize the text? A. By raising lots of questions to the reader. B. By telling a story from the beginning to the end. C. By presenting a common view and then challenging it. D. By comparing different people’s ideas on the same topic. 16. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Mirror of a Risky Social Bubble B. How Social Media Sells Toys to Gen Z C. Why Young People Like to Shop Online D. A Small Toy and a Big Change in Shopping 【答案】13. A 14. D 15. C 16. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文，大意是围绕网红玩具Labubu的流行展开，先介绍其风靡现象及批评者认为它是“风险泡沫”的观点，随后反驳该观点，指出Labubu反映了中国消费习惯的深层变化，包括年轻消费者影响力提升、情感消费兴起等，并强调理解青年消费情感联结的品牌才能赢得市场。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Some critics see it as a risky bubble (泡沫) , pointing to very high resale prices (for example, a perfect Labubu sold for ¥108,000) and reselling plans led by Teca that change the product’s real value (一些批评者认为它是一个有风险的泡沫，指出其转售价格极高(例如，一个完美的Labubu售价10.8万元)，以及由Teca主导的转售计划改变了产品的真实价值)”可知，对Labubu的担忧是它代表了有风险的经济泡沫。故选A。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The tastes and habits of young buyers — especially those in smaller cities who add 60%of new spending — are influencing industries from travel to fashion and are reshaping the consumer landscape with their growing buying power and preferences (年轻消费者的品味和习惯——尤其是那些贡献了60%新增消费的小城市年轻人——正影响着从旅游到时尚的各个行业，并凭借不断增强的购买力和偏好重塑消费格局)”可知，中国大部分新增消费来自小城市的年轻人。故选D。 15. 推理判断题。文章第二段先提出批评者的普遍观点，即Labubu是“风险泡沫”，反映了肤浅的消费文化；第三段以“However”转折，指出Labubu体现了中国消费习惯的深层变化，随后通过举例、分析数据等方式论证该观点，可见作者是通过提出普遍观点再反驳挑战的方式组织文章的。故选C。 16. 主旨大意题。文章以Labubu这一小玩具的流行为切入点，开篇介绍其现象，接着反驳“泡沫论”，深入分析其背后反映的中国消费市场的深层变化(年轻消费者影响力、情感消费、个性化消费等)，最后总结Labubu是消费习惯永久变化的缩影，“小玩具与消费大变化”最能概括文章核心，适合用作标题。故选D。 二、完形填空 I never imagined I’d be in this situation. I could feel my windpipe(气管) slowly 1 as a high schooler squeezed my neck. How did I 2 here, lying on the floor, getting strangled(掐住脖子) by someone so young? It all began when I took a trial class at a Brazilian jujutsu (柔术) academy. Though I’d been a fan of action movies and 3 by martial arts for years, I hadn’t done anything more 4 than running for a bus. My initial 5 was looking foolish in the uniform — gi. I worried I’d be laughed at. 6 , everyone was incredibly nice, even when I accidentally put my knee on someone’s neck. Eventually, I 7 my anxiety and bought a gi for practice. Months later, I’m still terrible at it. I always forget basic moves and often get 8 quickly. But the most meaningful part came when my son joined the children’s class. His 9 in learning with his dad showed that being a beginner is nothing to 10 . This journey has taught me to 11 challenges despite knowing I might fail. Jujitsu has given me 12 to try new things. The experience has been 13 for my personal growth. Now I understand that true strength isn’t about being perfect, but about having the courage to 14 . Don’t let fear of 15 stop you from trying. You might discover unexpected joys and be surprised by what you can do. 1. A. opening B. closing C. widening D. sharpening 2. A. end up B. turn up C. break up D. set up 3. A. limited B. touched C. shocked D. fascinated 4. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. economic 5. A. hope B. blessing C. concern D. doubt 6. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Seriously 7. A. ignored B. overcame C. accepted D. forgot 8. A. bored B. delighted C. confused D. breathless 9. A. fear B. embarrassment C. enthusiasm D. criticism 10. A. be proud of B. look forward to C. be afraid of D. put up with 11. A. avoid B. embrace C. reject D. create 12. A. excuses B. courage C. equipment D. techniques 13. A. valuable B. stressful C. meaningless D. demanding 14. A. end B. argue C. begin D. leave 15. A. judgement B. darkness C. death D. failure 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己参加巴西柔术体验课的经历，从最初的担忧、焦虑，到克服困难坚持练习，并且儿子加入儿童班后，作者从中领悟到真正的力量不在于完美，而在于有勇气开始尝试新事物，鼓励人们不要害怕失败，勇敢去尝试。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到，当一个高中生掐住我的脖子时，我的气管正在慢慢闭合。A. opening打开；B. closing关闭；C. widening变宽；D. sharpening变锋利。根据上文“a high schooler squeezed my neck”可知，掐脖子会导致气管逐渐闭合。故选B。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我怎么会落到这般境地——躺在地板上，被一个如此年轻的人掐住脖子？A. end up最终处于；B. turn up出现；C. break up分手；D. set up建立。根据下文“lying on the floor, getting strangled (掐住脖子) by someone so young”可知，躺在地板上，被这么年轻的人掐住脖子是作者最终的状态。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我多年来一直是动作电影的粉丝，并且被武术深深吸引，但除了追公交车，我没有做过任何更具运动性的事情。A. limited限制；B. touched触摸；C. shocked震惊；D. fascinated吸引。根据上文“I’d been a fan of action movies”可知，作者一直是动作电影的粉丝，应是对武术有喜爱、被吸引。故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我多年来一直是动作电影的粉丝，并且被武术深深吸引，但除了追公交车，我没有做过任何更具运动性的事情。A. athletic运动的；B. academic学术的；C. artistic艺术的；D. economic经济的。根据下文“running for a bus”可知，追公交车是唯一的运动相关行为。故选A。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初的担忧是穿着柔术服——道服看起来很傻。A. hope希望；B. blessing祝福；C. concern担忧；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“I worried I’d be laughed at”可知，最初的担忧是穿道服显得愚蠢。故选C。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，每个人都非常友善，即便我不小心用膝盖撞到了别人的脖子。A. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Seriously严肃地。根据上文“I worried I’d be laughed at.”和下文“everyone was incredibly nice,”可知，上下文形成转折关系，surprisingly表示“令人惊讶地”符合语境。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我克服了焦虑，买了一套道服用于练习。A. ignored忽视；B. overcame克服；C. accepted接受；D. forgot忘记。根据下文“bought a gi for practice”可知，作者克服了焦虑。故选B。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我总是忘记基本动作，而且经常很快就气喘吁吁。A. bored无聊的；B. delighted高兴的；C. confused困惑的；D. breathless气喘吁吁的。根据上文“Months later, I’m still terrible at it”可知，几个月后，作者仍然很糟糕，说明练习时状态不好，会气喘吁吁。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和爸爸一起学习的热情表明，作为一个初学者并没有什么可害怕的。A. fear恐惧；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. enthusiasm热情；D. criticism批评。根据下文“being a beginner is nothing to 　 10 　.”可知，儿子和爸爸一起学习时的状态是积极的，enthusiasm表示“热情”，符合语境。故选C。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他和爸爸一起学习的热情表明，作为一个初学者并没有什么可害怕的。A. be proud of为……骄傲；B. look forward to期待；C. be afraid of害怕；D. put up with忍受。根据“being a beginner”并结合前文作者克服焦虑可知，这里说初学者没什么可害怕的。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段旅程教会了我，尽管知道自己可能会失败，但还是要接受挑战。A. avoid避免；B. embrace拥抱，接受；C. reject拒绝；D. create创造。根据下文“despite knowing I might fail”可知，作者还是要接受挑战。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：柔术给了我尝试新事物的勇气。A. excuses借口；B. courage勇气；C. equipment设备；D. techniques技术。根据下文“but about having the courage to 　 14　 ”可知，柔术给了作者勇气，下文的courage是词汇复现。故选B。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段经历对我的个人成长很有价值。A. valuable有价值的；B. stressful有压力的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. demanding要求高的。根据“for my personal growth”和“Now I understand that true strength isn’t about being perfec”可知，这段经历对个人成长是有价值的。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我明白了，真正的力量不在于完美，而在于有勇气开始。A. end结束；B. argue争论；C. begin开始；D. leave离开。根据上文“true strength isn’t about being perfect”并结合上文作者作为初学者等，说明是有勇气开始。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让对失败的恐惧阻止你去尝试。A. judgement判断；B. darkness黑暗；C. death死亡；D. failure失败。根据上文“despite knowing I might fail”可知，此处总结不要让对失败的恐惧阻止你尝试，前后呼应。故选D。 三、语法填空 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents hoped he would go to 1 big city to find a teaching job. 2 , he wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages before and was inspired to teach where he 3 (need) the most. For that reason he became a volunteer teacher in the village school in Guizhou Province. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living 4 (independent) and teaching in the village. However, not everything lived up to his hopes. His first year was tough, but he enjoyed working with the 5 (child). What satisfied him was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. And they became 6 (confident) in learning than before. Besides, his teaching also brought changes to the village. He helped to rebuild the playground and set up a library, and also helped the villagers sell local products online. He made great contributions 7 the village, 8 made him very popular among the villagers. The village is like his second home now. Although he only 9 (intend) to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another. He feels so happy that he has followed his heart when 10 (choose) what to do with his life, even though it may not be what others expected of him. 【答案】 1. a 2. However 3. was needed 4. independently 5. children 6. more confident 7. to 8. which 9. intended 10. choosing 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了张天大学毕业后选择去贵州省的一个乡村学校做志愿教师的故事，包括他的决定、经历、所面临的挑战以及他为村庄带来的改变。 1. 考查冠词。句意：他的父母希望他能去大城市找一份教学工作，然而他却想开启一种全新的生活方式。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 2. 考查副词。句意：他的父母希望他能去大城市找一份教学工作，然而他却想开启一种全新的生活方式。空处为副词形式；空前“His parents hoped he would go to  ____1____  big city to find a teaching job.”和空后“he wanted to start a new lifestyle”之间存在转折关系，用“however”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填However。 3. 考查谓语动词。句意：此前他曾遇到过来自小乡村的优秀教师，因此深受启发，想去最需要教师的地方任教。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语“he”，单数，和动词“need”之间为被动关系。故填was needed。 4. 考查副词。句意：他曾想象过在乡村独立生活和教学的各种精彩场景，但并非一切都如他所愿。空处为修饰动词“living”用副词形式，意为“独立地”。故填independently。 5. 考查名词的数。句意：第一年的日子很艰难，但他很享受和孩子们相处的时光。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据常识可知，作为老师，所教学生不止一个。因此空处为名词的复数形式。故填children。 6. 考查形容词比较级。句意：令他感到满足的是，学生们如今能够用英语阅读、表达和写作，在学习上也比以前更有自信了。空处为形容词形式担当表语；根据上文“What satisfied him was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English.”可推测，孩子们学会了用英语阅读、表达和写作，因此学习上也更有自信。所以空处为形容词比较级形式。故填more confident。 7. 考查固定短语。句意：他为村子做出了诸多贡献，这让他在村民中深受欢迎。空处为固定短语：make great contributions to，意为“为……做贡献”，符合句意。故填to。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：他为村子做出了诸多贡献，这让他在村民中深受欢迎。空处为定语从句的关系词；代指主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 9. 考查谓语动词。句意：尽管最初他只打算待一年，但现在他觉得自己准备好再留一年。空处为从句谓语动词；根据句意可知，从句指的是曾经发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语为“he”，单数，和动词“intend”之间为主动关系。故填intended。 10. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：他很庆幸自己在人生选择上追随了内心，即便这可能不符合别人对他的期望。空处为状语从句的省略；主语“he”和动词“choose”之间为主动关系，省略了he is，用现在分词形式。故填choosing。 四、应用文写作 假如你是李华，寒假期间去到英国参与了为期一周的高中生学习交流活动。期间，你被安排寄宿在Howard一家三口中。回到中国的你要写一封信以示感谢。请根据所给提示写一封信： 1. 感谢他们在此期间的精心照顾； 2. 回顾他们带你去参观大本钟、剑桥大学、泰晤士河等地； 3. 邀请他们有时间来中国旅游 字数80个词左右，内容完整，衔接得当。 Dear Mr.and Mrs.Howard, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Howard, I am writing to express my sincere thanks for your kind and careful help during my high school student’s learning activities. Although I am back to China, I could still remember the days we’ve been together and you’ve even treated me like your own child. We did a lot of things which were unforgettable till now. My thanks are beyond the words. The Big Ben, one of the most famous buildings in England, is the symbol of our friendship. The picture we took under the Big Ben also recalls me back those happy days. We also paid a visit to the Oxford University, where is the birth place of many great scientists around the world. After that trip, I made up my mind hoping to study in this extraordinary university. The Thames River is another place I like. I felt really relax when boating on it. Now I sincerely invite you to come to China so that I can show you around in my country. Delicious food and fabulous sceneries are waiting for your visit. Tell me if you have time to have a visit. China is the best country that worth travelling. Looking forward to your reply and wish you all the best. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达是应用文写作。要求写一封感谢信。 第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封感谢信；你去往英国参加学生交流活动，在此间寄宿在Howard家，Howard一家对作者十分好，并带着作者去到很多地方游玩，如大本钟、剑桥大学、泰晤士河等。作者十分感谢Howard一家对自己的照顾，并邀请Howard一家到中国玩。 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词(组)，如：high school student’s learning activities(高中学生学习交流活动)，kind and thoughtful help(悉心的帮助)，the Big Ben(大本钟)，the Cambridge University(剑桥大学)，sincere(真诚的)，It is … that…(强调句)，one of …(其中之一)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词(组)连词成句，需注意在描述在表达感谢时应用一般现在时，而在描述在英国所见所闻的经历时，应采用一般过去时或现在完成时。最后在对Howard一家进行邀请时，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时。 第4步：连句成文，可使用连词对文章进行润色，要按照题目要求进行内容安排，采用三段式的结构，全篇书写要清晰、规范、不得有涂改、书写错误等。 本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。时态、句型使用正确，是一篇比较优秀的应试作文。 【点睛】文章结构完整。整篇文章采用了比较标准的三段式的结构。第一段表达了对寄宿家庭的感谢，第二段回忆了在交流学习期间的活动，第三段表达了对别人的邀请。内容明确，结构分配合理。 语法结构正确。整篇文章对于时态的把握比较准确。在表达感谢时，需使用一般现在时，如I am writing to express my sincere thanks for your kind and careful help，该句结构简单，但能够非常明确的表达谢意，可以运用在相关题型写作中。文章最后一段邀请的描述也十分恰当，感情真挚。 句型运用正确。文章使用了让步状语从句Although I am back to China,…，定语从句We did a lot of things which were unforgettable till now.。非限制性定语从句We also paid a visit to the Cambridge University, where is the birth place…，此类高级句式在文章总的使用也非常出彩。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 阅读理解(一)(题型突破) ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 细节理解题 文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。 细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？ 关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。 关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。 考点二 词义猜测题 正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。 考点三 推理判断题 推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。 考点四 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。 段落大意题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 主旨大意题 要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 考点一：细节理解题 例1 Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica(大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A. In 1735. B. In 1810. C. Around 1805. D. Around 1895. 例2 The new toy, the size of a small suitcase, dominated the rest of the Christmas holidays. Once we had mastered the controls, we recorded anything and everything: each other, our parents, the milkman, the dog... and we very quickly learned how much fun we could have with it. For the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people. It was both exciting and embarrassing. What did the recorder enable the boys to do when they started to use it? A. Make their own radio programmes. B. Discover more about themselves. C. Pursue a career in broadcasting. D. Hear each other more clearly. 例3 And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. Which of the following items is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A. Cultural background. B. Development history. C. Natural attraction. D. Climate advantage. 1. A group of 41 states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them. The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior: Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet? Here’s what the research has found. What was Meta accused of? A. It added problematic features to its platform. B. It started a discussion to mislead young people. C. It tempted children to use social media too much. D. It conducted illegal research on its parent company. 2. The history of the bicycle dates back to the early 19th century. The first bicycles were called “velocipedes” and were made of wood. They had no pedals and were propelled by the rider pushing their feet against the ground. In the 1860s, the “boneshaker” was invented. It had metal frames and solid rubber tires, and it was the first bicycle to have pedals. Over the years, bicycles have continued to evolve. The invention of the pneumatic (air-filled) tire in the 1880s made for a much more comfortable ride. Today, bicycles come in a wide variety of styles and are used for many different purposes, including transportation, exercise, and sport. What was the first bicycle with pedals called? A. The velocipede. B. The boneshaker. C. The pneumatic tire bicycle. D. It’s not mentioned. 3. Scientists have long been interested in the effects of music on the human brain. A recent study found that listening to classical music can have a positive impact on memory and concentration. The researchers conducted an experiment with two groups of students. One group listened to classical music while studying, and the other group studied in silence. The results showed that the students who listened to classical music had better recall of information than those who studied in silence. In addition to its effects on memory, music has also been shown to have an impact on mood. Up - tempo music can make people feel more energetic and positive, while slow, soothing music can help to reduce stress and anxiety. Many people use music as a form of self-care, listening to their favorite songs to relax after a long day or to boost their mood when they’re feeling down. What was the difference between the two groups of students in the experiment? A. One group was smarter than the other. B. One group listened to music while the other didn’t. C. One group studied longer than the other. D. One group was more concentrated than the other. 4. The Internet has become part of our daily lives. We use it for work, for entertainment, and for keeping in touch with friends and family. One of the most popular uses of the Internet is online shopping. According to a recent survey, more than 60% of consumers in the United States have made at least one online purchase in the past year. The convenience of shopping from home, the wide variety of products available, and the ability to compare prices easily are some of the reasons why online shopping has become so popular. However, online shopping also has its drawbacks. One concern is the security of personal information. When consumers enter their credit card numbers and other personal details on a website, there is a risk that this information could be stolen by hackers. Another issue is the quality of products. Since consumers can't see or touch the products before buying them, they sometimes receive items that are of lower quality than expected. What is one of the main reasons for the popularity of online shopping according to the text? A. The speed of delivery. B. The ability to bargain in person. C. The convenience of shopping from home. D. The opportunity to meet new people. 5. Mrs. Lily ordered a beef steak and a cup of coffee. She needed to pay ________. A. $4.00 B. $12.00 C. $16.00 考点二：词义猜测题 例1. I argued, pointing out that school was about to start, and I didn’t want to wait for the bus. My dad, known for his stubbornness, wouldn’t give in. After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. “Fine, but be careful,” he said. I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and I was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 例2. Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here’s the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it’s thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store — one that wouldn’t just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. The phrase “the kicker” most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful 例3. Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. ... Despite all these, since loads of influencers have cheered their slimming successes on these drugs, it seems everybody wants to try them. The heavy demand has led to shortages. Throughout 2023, people with type 2 diabetes struggled to access Ozempic. Periodic shortages are expected to continue in 2024, while those who can access these drugs face a significant financial cost. The cost is much too high to the vast majority of Americans-a monthly supply will set one back more than $1000. Jennifer Blackburn has lost 16 kilograms (and kept it off). “I feel happier, more confident,” says Blackburn, “It’s about much more than size — it’s like the weight is lifted off my shoulders.” With such supportive voices, the future of Ozempic remains unpredictable so far. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with 1. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure-all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 2. It’s not unheard of for one event to kick off a whole new field of scientific inquiry. Still it’s rare. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Optimistic. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 3. The new product on the market is a real game-changer. It has revolutionized the way we communicate. Instead of the traditional methods that were often slow and cumbersome, this device allows for instantaneous and seamless connection. It’s so compact that you can carry it with you wherever you go, and its user-friendly interface makes it accessible to people of all ages. What does the word “cumbersome” in the text probably mean? A. Convenient. B. Complicated. C. Quick. D. Modern. 4. ... (Paragraph 2) The word “misophonia” literally means “a hatred of sound” and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds cause intense emotional or psychological responses that... What does the underlined word “traumatic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Physically painful B. Mentally satisfying C. Spiritually comforting D. Emotionally disturbing 5. If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, you’d better check the Durban City Tours. This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want! What does the underlined word “strained” in this paragraph mean? A. Easy. B. Stressful. C. Steady. D. Casual. 6. My plan is to go hiking in the Grand Canyon, as I want to see the beautiful scenery there and experience the wonders of one of the largest canyons on Earth. Since the Colorado River flows through the canyon, finding water to drink is not an issue. However, many of the paths are quite rocky and narrow with a high cliff on one side, so it can be perilous to hike there. Another problem is wild animals such as rattlesnakes, mountain lions, scorpions, and skunks. On the other hand, the colours and natural wonders inside the canyon are so beautiful that it makes such a trip worthwhile, and hiking in the canyon would help me learn more about its unique geography, along with its plants and animals. It’s true that it might be a little dangerous hiking in such a place, but to be alone under the open sky will fill me with great peace and allow me to clear my mind and focus on the positive things in my life. And to challenge myself with the difficulty seems like a wonderful experience. I think I can learn a great deal from travelling. What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Impossible. B. Dangerous. C. Easy. D. Interesting. 7. The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 考点三：推理判断题 例1. In a small town, there was a local bookstore that had been in business for decades. The store was known for its wide selection of books, from classic literature to the latest best-sellers. However, in recent years, a large online bookstore started to gain popularity. The local bookstore saw a significant decline in its customer traffic. The owner of the local bookstore tried various strategies to attract customers. He organized book clubs, hosted author signings, and offered discounts. Despite these efforts, the store continued to struggle. Many of the younger customers in the town preferred the convenience of shopping online and the wider range of e-books available. What can be inferred about the future of the local bookstore? A. It will definitely close down soon. B. It might survive if it can adapt to the changes. C. It will become more popular than the online bookstore. D. It will only sell classic literature in the future. 例2. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A. Reserved. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. 例3. Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is ________. A. to illustrate that failure can lead to success B. to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C. to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D. to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 例4. Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 例5. Where to Shop in London James Smith & Sons Have you ever seen a nobleman with a fine walking stick or a fashionable woman with an umbrella that's definitely not one of those five-dollar bargains from New York City street? Well； you could be that person too. But you have to go to Jame Smith & Sons. They specialize in all kinds of high-quality walking sticks and umbrellas. Harvie & Hudson UK and Italy are two leading countries when it comes to clothing for men. And you know that it’ll cost you your wages of several months to buy a suit of clothes there. But Harvie & Hudson is fairly accessible, especially for the kind of quality you get. A worthy alternative! You can’t go wrong with two sport jackets for around £200. That's a good deal. Hatchards Hatchards in Piccadilly, which opened in 1797, can claim to be the oldest bookstore in the UK with around 100,000 books, and has a special section for signed first editions, and children's books. Beyond that, it offers personalized book subscription services for a very reasonable sum — you'll just need to pay additional postage for shipment to America. The Whisky Exchange For those who love whisky and brandy, this is the best choice, since ifs one of the city's important liquor stores. It’s possible to order bottles to be shipped to America. You're bound to find something you'll never see at home. Ifs like the Willy Wonka factory for Scotch drinkers and collectors. Who are the target readers of the text? A. The natives. B. British visitors. C. Foreign students. D. American travelers. 1. It’s mid-afternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap(打盹) ? In point of advantage, it is worth it. Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests naps can boost at least some people’s mental process of understanding in the short term. Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness(警觉) to memory performance. ...... How does the writer prove arguments in the text mainly? A. By listing statistics. B. By criticize wrong opinions. C. By making comparison. D. By presenting study results. 2. The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and-most importantly-tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger. While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt. For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella(沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat. Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about healthy eating Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables. What’s appealing is the prospect or enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt. Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate. change, and not just because methane(甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner. A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the UN, Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? I: Introduction      P: Point     Sp: Sub-point(次要点)     C: Conclusion A. B. C. D. 3. Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary(兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true. Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world. Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation. Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species. Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals, or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems. Some conservationists work in educational fields, trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction. Animals are subject to illness and injury, and some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian. While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets, vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves. Humans love to observe animals, and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs. Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs, to creating the proper diet for a deer, to cleaning the tiger’s cage. Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals. 8. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage? (P1=paragraph 1; P2= paragraph 2; P3= paragraph 3; P4= paragraph 1; P5= paragraph 5) A. B. C. D. 4. Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture? A. Suspicious. B. Optimistic. C. Neutral. D. Concerned. 5. I took my first steps down the path to my career as a broadcaster when I returned to school after the holidays. I was lucky to be in a class of imaginative and creative boys crazy for recorders, and it wasn’t long before we started to make our own radio programmes. I would wander round the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. Ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early involvement in sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Twenty-five years later, I presented my first report for BBC TV’s Six O’Clock News, a programme my dad had never missed. Although by then he’d been dead for more than a decade, I like to think he’d have realised that his inspiring Christmas present had changed my life. According to the passage, how did the tape recorder change the author’s life? A. It boosted the author’s confidence in communicating with people. B. It helped the author develop a closer relationship with his family. C. It made the author more interested in listening to news reports. D. It sparked the author’s passion for sound and broadcasting. 6. This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the decreased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, some can live well without advanced techniques. Probably the most well known are the Amish. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They think living in a traditional way is better than caring about luxuries. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the Internet allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To recommend the driverless cars. B. To describe the issues of new technology. C. To provide information of the Amish people. D. To appeal people to accept new technology. 7. Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) …Late Work … Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 考点四：主旨大意题 例1. Yoshiko Abe is about to turn 89, but that hasn’t stopped her from going to the gym every day and trying the free-of-charge makeup course at her housing complex. “It was really helpful,” she said, smiling after putting on foundation and pink lipstick, something she hadn’t done in years. Japan is the fastest-aging society in the world, where more than a quarter of its population is 65 and older, at 36 million people. In about a decade, the percentage will be 33%. The market for older people is estimated to grow to more than 100 trillion yen ($650 billion) in size this year. No wonder the young-at-heart are an expanding community for business. ......... Yoshihiko Hotta, 85, the only man in the class of about 30 people, didn’t try the lipstick but happily put on the hand cream and went along with all the exercise routines. While acknowledging he felt something like aching legs, he declared firmly, “I don’t think age is relevant.” What’s the main idea of this passage? A. Seniors in Japan are well aware of group identity. B. The rise of Japan’s silver economy redefines aging. C. Experts appeal to seniors to remain mentally active. D. Makeup courses are popular with the young-at-heart in Japan. 例2. If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 例3. This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. ...... “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? What might be the best title of this passage? A. AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B. AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C. Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D. Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 1. Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial(抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050, up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many. It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms. Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics. ... Governments can help fund basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics. B. Phages could help prevent an antibiotic crisis. C. Development of antibiotics is limited by phages. D. Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics. 2. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on various industries. In the healthcare field, AI can be used to analyze medical data, assist in diagnosis, and predict disease outbreaks. In the manufacturing sector, it enables more efficient production processes and quality control. In the transportation industry, self-driving cars, which rely on AI technology, are becoming a reality. However, the rise of AI also brings concerns. There are fears about job losses as machines replace human workers in some tasks. Ethical issues, such as the use of AI in surveillance and the potential for biased algorithms, also need to be addressed. Overall, AI is a powerful technology that offers great opportunities but also requires careful consideration and management. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The applications of AI in different industries. B. The benefits and concerns of AI. C. The future of AI. D. How AI is changing the job market. 3. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 4. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 5. Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 一、阅读理解 A There’s a girl at my school. We don’t get on well. She keeps spreading rumors about me, and now my classmates stay away from me. What should I do? —Sam Some people spread rumors to scare others and make themselves popular. But spreading rumors usually makes people feel sad. So if you’re the one others spread rumors about, or if you face social harm, what can you do? Ask an adult you trust for help. Talk to someone you can believe in, like your mom, dad, teacher, or coach. Tell them what’s happening to you. Keep telling them new things, even when things start to get better. This adult will listen to you. They can make you feel supported and less alone. Find your good friends. Look for one or two friends who want to help you and won’t believe the rumors. If you want, tell these friends how you feel. Don’t think too much about the problem. If you keep thinking about it, it will be harder for you. Do something to take your mind off it — maybe even forget it for a while. Spend time with your friends and do fun things you like. Talk to the girl directly. Try to speak to the girl who’s spreading rumors about you. Don’t be angry or unkind. Don’t shout. Just say what you want in a calm and clear way. After you finish talking, you can just walk away. Going through this kind of thing is hard and painful. Stay positive, get help from others, and try to say “no” to people who spread rumors. These steps can help you get through the hard time and become stronger. 1. According to the text, what is Sam’s problem? A. He has no friends at all. B. His teachers don’t like him. C. He spread rumors about a girl. D. A girl is spreading rumors about him. 2. Who does the writer suggest Sam talk to for help? A. All his classmates. B. An adult he can trust. C. His best friend’s parents. D. The girl who spreads rumors. 3. What can we get from the writer’s advice about talking to the girl? A. The writer believes a calm talk might help. B. The writer thinks talking to her is useless. C. Sam must apologize to the girl first. D. Sam should avoid her completely. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell a story about Sam and a girl. B. To explain why people spread rumors. C. To warn students not to spread rumors. D. To give advice on dealing with rumors. B Local fashion designer Amy Deal used her love of skateboarding to bring her community together. “I didn’t grow up here, ” explains Amy, 60, a member of the local traditional community. “I was adopted and came home five years ago, which puts me at 5 years old here.” She may technically be only a kindergartner, but she has accomplished an unbelievable amount in just five years. Since coming home, Amy, a former designer of high-end sportswear for brands like Puma and Reebok, had opened her own fashion shop, 4Kinship, one of the only community-owned shops in Santa Fe, NM. But she also wanted to build something special for the children in the area. “They face some challenges: we have high poverty and facility issues. I wanted to create a transformative space for their physical and mental health,” she says. “A skate park seemed to be a good fit.” “Staying active is really important,” Amy continues. “The community faces alarmingly high level of diabetes and obesity. Skateboarding is accessible from a cost standpoint — all you need is a board and a helmet — and you can do it alone or with friends. And I wanted them to feel cool, and skateboarding's kind of cool sport.” Two Grey Hills Skatepark has become a comfort zone in ways Amy never imagined. “I thought I was building it for the kids, but the reality is that it’s bringing our community together. It's an inter-generational space,” she says. “People are learning a lot of life lessons there: having confidence, falling down and getting up — that’s very transformative.” Not having grown up in the culture, Amy has found it extraordinarily meaningful to have a place where generations can come together: “Whenever children call me ‘Auntie Amy, come to see this’ at the skate park, it is one of the most joyful things ever. When I’m there, it’s just a feeling that I’m home.” 5. What can we learn about Amy from the first two paragraphs? A. She was born in the community. B. She had strong designing abilities. C. She once worked in a kindergarten. D. She opened the only community shop. 6. Why did Amy decide to build a skate park in the area? A. To renew the facilities. B. To improve children’s health. C. To expand her business plan. D. To help families escape poverty. 7. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Two Grey Hills Skatepark? A. Far-reaching. B. Short-lived. C. Damaging. D. Predictable. 8. What does Amy’s experience show? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Hard work finally pays off. C. Health is the key to success. D. A small action makes a difference. C Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their broken vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 42,120 kilometers around the world and passed through over 35 countries. They did this to support the grass roots education projects in Africa, Asia and South America. The pair, who set off from London, thought their journey was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers away from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepén, Peru, they discovered a repairman who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it. The pair were back on the road aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes. Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed first-hand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a U.K. registered charity. Talking about their motivation, Richard said, “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieve universal primary education but, in spite of this promise, over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, but still cannot access quality learning opportunities.” 9. Why did the two teachers travel around the world? A. To give support to education projects. B. To create a new record in a journey. C. To find like-minded teachers to work with. D. To explore landscapes of different countries. 10. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Their achievements in fighting poverty. B. Their exciting experiences on the road. C. The beautiful scenery of famous mountains. D. The difficulties and dangers of the journey. 11. Which of the following best describes the two teachers? A. Curious and brave. B. Humorous and generous. C. Responsible and courageous. D. Efficient and honest. 12. What can we infer from Richard’s words in the last paragraph? A. Students in developing countries need to be further educated. B. The world’s leaders don’t pay enough attention to education. C. People should work together to promote equality in education. D. Universal primary education remains a long way to go. D When the toy called Labubu appeared on office desks in China, it was more than just a popular trend. It became a huge cultural wave that swept from celebrity houses to ordinary people’s living rooms, and from pop-up stores in Beijing malls to the screens of millions on social media. Some critics see it as a risky bubble(泡沫) , pointing to very high resale prices (for example, a perfect Labubu sold for ¥108,000) and reselling plans led by Teca that change the product’s real value. They stress that young buyers, especially Generation Z, are easily influenced by short-lived online trends, putting emotional satisfaction ahead of logical thinking. They believe Labubu’s popularity points to a shallow consumer culture that cares more about newness than real value. However, a closer look shows that Labubu represents deep changes in Chinese spending habits. The tastes and habits of young buyers — especially those in smaller cities who add 60%of new spending — are influencing industries from travel to fashion and are reshaping the consumer landscape with their growing buying power and preferences. For example, Labubu’s “weird-cute” style connects with a generation seeking uniqueness, and its success as a Chinese brand reflects growing pride in local products. Then there’s the emotional and cultural side of consumption. Trendy toys like Labubu are just the tip of the iceberg. The stress-relief industry is booming, drawing the attention of the country’s youth. Additionally, the spending power by women (who control about ¥10 trillion each year) and people living alone (now over 14% of families) highlights a bigger move toward personalized consumption — ranging from smart devices to travel based on experiences. These trends are built to last, not just temporary. While doubt about too much commercial focus is fair, seeing Labubu as a bubble misses its deeper meaning. Companies that use these insights, like those making smart cars designed for young buyers’ social needs, will succeed. So, Labubu is a small example of a permanent change: China’s market future will be won by brands that understand the emotional connection behind youth spending, not just the items they buy. 13. What is the concern about Labubu? A. It represents a risky economic bubble. B. Its company intends to drive up prices. C. Its influence is limited to toy companies. D. It creates negative market and social effects. 14. Who is responsible for most new spending in China? A. Older generations. B. People living alone. C. Women in major cities. D. The young in smaller cities. 15. How does the author organize the text? A. By raising lots of questions to the reader. B. By telling a story from the beginning to the end. C. By presenting a common view and then challenging it. D. By comparing different people’s ideas on the same topic. 16. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Mirror of a Risky Social Bubble B. How Social Media Sells Toys to Gen Z C. Why Young People Like to Shop Online D. A Small Toy and a Big Change in Shopping 二、完形填空 I never imagined I’d be in this situation. I could feel my windpipe(气管) slowly 1 as a high schooler squeezed my neck. How did I 2 here, lying on the floor, getting strangled(掐住脖子) by someone so young? It all began when I took a trial class at a Brazilian jujutsu (柔术) academy. Though I’d been a fan of action movies and 3 by martial arts for years, I hadn’t done anything more 4 than running for a bus. My initial 5 was looking foolish in the uniform — gi. I worried I’d be laughed at. 6 , everyone was incredibly nice, even when I accidentally put my knee on someone’s neck. Eventually, I 7 my anxiety and bought a gi for practice. Months later, I’m still terrible at it. I always forget basic moves and often get 8 quickly. But the most meaningful part came when my son joined the children’s class. His 9 in learning with his dad showed that being a beginner is nothing to 10 . This journey has taught me to 11 challenges despite knowing I might fail. Jujitsu has given me 12 to try new things. The experience has been 13 for my personal growth. Now I understand that true strength isn’t about being perfect, but about having the courage to 14 . Don’t let fear of 15 stop you from trying. You might discover unexpected joys and be surprised by what you can do. 1. A. opening B. closing C. widening D. sharpening 2. A. end up B. turn up C. break up D. set up 3. A. limited B. touched C. shocked D. fascinated 4. A. athletic B. academic C. artistic D. economic 5. A. hope B. blessing C. concern D. doubt 6. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Seriously 7. A. ignored B. overcame C. accepted D. forgot 8. A. bored B. delighted C. confused D. breathless 9. A. fear B. embarrassment C. enthusiasm D. criticism 10. A. be proud of B. look forward to C. be afraid of D. put up with 11. A. avoid B. embrace C. reject D. create 12. A. excuses B. courage C. equipment D. techniques 13. A. valuable B. stressful C. meaningless D. demanding 14. A. end B. argue C. begin D. leave 15. A. judgement B. darkness C. death D. failure 三、语法填空 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents hoped he would go to 1 big city to find a teaching job. 2 , he wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages before and was inspired to teach where he 3 (need) the most. For that reason he became a volunteer teacher in the village school in Guizhou Province. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living 4 (independent) and teaching in the village. However, not everything lived up to his hopes. His first year was tough, but he enjoyed working with the 5 (child). What satisfied him was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. And they became 6 (confident) in learning than before. Besides, his teaching also brought changes to the village. He helped to rebuild the playground and set up a library, and also helped the villagers sell local products online. He made great contributions 7 the village, 8 made him very popular among the villagers. The village is like his second home now. Although he only 9 (intend) to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another. He feels so happy that he has followed his heart when 10 (choose) what to do with his life, even though it may not be what others expected of him. 四、应用文写作 假如你是李华，寒假期间去到英国参与了为期一周的高中生学习交流活动。期间，你被安排寄宿在Howard一家三口中。回到中国的你要写一封信以示感谢。请根据所给提示写一封信： 1. 感谢他们在此期间的精心照顾； 2. 回顾他们带你去参观大本钟、剑桥大学、泰晤士河等地； 3. 邀请他们有时间来中国旅游 字数80个词左右，内容完整，衔接得当。 Dear Mr.and Mrs.Howard, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $